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href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Classical_Archaeology">Classical Archaeology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="393" type="text/json">{"id":393,"name":"Classical Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Classical_Archaeology?f_ri=395","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="395" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Experimental_Archaeology">Experimental Archaeology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="395" type="text/json">{"id":395,"name":"Experimental Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Experimental_Archaeology?f_ri=395","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="399" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prehistoric_Archaeology">Prehistoric Archaeology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="399" type="text/json">{"id":399,"name":"Prehistoric Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prehistoric_Archaeology?f_ri=395","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=39733559]'), work: {"id":39733559,"title":"ARCHITECTURE ET CONSTRUCTION EN TERRE CRUE APPROCHES HISTORIQUES, SOCIOLOGIQUES ET ÉCONOMIQUES","created_at":"2019-07-02T01:57:45.930-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/39733559/ARCHITECTURE_ET_CONSTRUCTION_EN_TERRE_CRUE_APPROCHES_HISTORIQUES_SOCIOLOGIQUES_ET_%C3%89CONOMIQUES?f_ri=395","dom_id":"work_39733559","summary":"TABLE RONDE INTERNATIONALE\nMER. 23.10.2019 | JEU. 24.10.2019\nÀ L'ENSAM - MONTPELLIER (FRANCE)\n\n5e ÉCHANGES TRANSDISCIPLINAIRES\nSUR LES CONSTRUCTIONS EN TERRE 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data-card-contents-for-ri="396" type="text/json">{"id":396,"name":"Maritime Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Archaeology?f_ri=395","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="869" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Iconography">Iconography</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="869" type="text/json">{"id":869,"name":"Iconography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Iconography?f_ri=395","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="14253" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Viking_Age_Archaeology">Viking Age Archaeology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="14253" type="text/json">{"id":14253,"name":"Viking Age Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Viking_Age_Archaeology?f_ri=395","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=3356445]'), work: 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Schubert","profile_url":"https://uni-koln.academia.edu/AlexandraSchubert?f_ri=395","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/7945490/2815948/3285928/s65_alexandra.schubert.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":395,"name":"Experimental Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Experimental_Archaeology?f_ri=395","nofollow":false},{"id":379211,"name":"Barbarians societies, Late Antiquity, Ethnogenesis, Funerary World, Goths, Vandals, Sueves, Alans","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Barbarians_societies_Late_Antiquity_Ethnogenesis_Funerary_World_Goths_Vandals_Sueves_Alans?f_ri=395","nofollow":false},{"id":808232,"name":"Bajuwaren","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bajuwaren?f_ri=395","nofollow":false},{"id":986352,"name":"Barbarians Societies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Barbarians_Societies?f_ri=395","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_22321320" data-work_id="22321320" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/22321320/CONSTRUCTION_OF_THE_TOP_OF_THE_EGYPTIAN_PYRAMIDS_AN_EXPERIMENTAL_TEST_OF_A_LEVERING_DEVICE">CONSTRUCTION OF THE TOP OF THE EGYPTIAN PYRAMIDS: AN EXPERIMENTAL TEST OF A LEVERING DEVICE</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">A great deal is known about Egyptian pyramid quarry sites, tools used in their construction, transportation of stones from the quarries to the pyramids, and the leveling of stones. However, there is a dearth of information concerning the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_22321320" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">A great deal is known about Egyptian pyramid quarry sites, tools used in their construction, transportation of stones from the quarries to the pyramids, and the leveling of stones. However, there is a dearth of information concerning the process of lifting of the blocks from the ground onto the pyramid’s superstructure. While ramps are the most widely accepted method, it is an incomplete approach because ramping cannot lift the blocks at the top of the pyramid. Most Egyptologists suggest that a form of a levering device should accompany ramps to form an amalgamated method. Unfortunately, there are no experimental tests demonstrating that a levering device, composed of materials and technology available to the pyramid builders, can function to lift a block in the limited space available at the top of the superstructure. <br />My study involved a levering device designed to work with ramps to construct the top of the pyramid. My objective was to construct and build a working lever, by encasing its design within the framework of technologies and materials available to the ancient xiii Egyptian pyramid builders. Testing this lever entailed the fabrication of many models; tests with weights greater than 5560 pounds; and a large-scale experiment that raised a 2530-pound block up one tier in under a minute.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/22321320" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="c54c2354767a1d152a4a0a37e750b486" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":42960072,"asset_id":22321320,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/42960072/download_file?st=MTczMjQ3Mjc5NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="2505686" href="https://independent.academia.edu/RScottHussey">R. Scott Hussey</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="2505686" type="text/json">{"id":2505686,"first_name":"R. Scott","last_name":"Hussey","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"RScottHussey","display_name":"R. Scott Hussey","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/RScottHussey?f_ri=395","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2505686/781636/13016964/s65_scott.hussey.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_22321320 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="22321320"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 22321320, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_22321320", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_22321320 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 22321320; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_22321320"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_22321320 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="22321320"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 22321320; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=22321320]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_22321320").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_22321320").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="22321320"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">10</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="394" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Egyptology">Egyptology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="394" type="text/json">{"id":394,"name":"Egyptology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Egyptology?f_ri=395","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="395" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Experimental_Archaeology">Experimental Archaeology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="395" type="text/json">{"id":395,"name":"Experimental Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Experimental_Archaeology?f_ri=395","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3793" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Egyptian_Archaeology">Egyptian Archaeology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3793" type="text/json">{"id":3793,"name":"Egyptian Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Egyptian_Archaeology?f_ri=395","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="57237" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Kingdom">Old Kingdom</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="57237" type="text/json">{"id":57237,"name":"Old Kingdom","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Kingdom?f_ri=395","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=22321320]'), work: {"id":22321320,"title":"CONSTRUCTION OF THE TOP OF THE EGYPTIAN PYRAMIDS: AN EXPERIMENTAL TEST OF A LEVERING DEVICE","created_at":"2016-02-22T21:50:41.078-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/22321320/CONSTRUCTION_OF_THE_TOP_OF_THE_EGYPTIAN_PYRAMIDS_AN_EXPERIMENTAL_TEST_OF_A_LEVERING_DEVICE?f_ri=395","dom_id":"work_22321320","summary":"A great deal is known about Egyptian pyramid quarry sites, tools used in their construction, transportation of stones from the quarries to the pyramids, and the leveling of stones. However, there is a dearth of information concerning the process of lifting of the blocks from the ground onto the pyramid’s superstructure. While ramps are the most widely accepted method, it is an incomplete approach because ramping cannot lift the blocks at the top of the pyramid. Most Egyptologists suggest that a form of a levering device should accompany ramps to form an amalgamated method. Unfortunately, there are no experimental tests demonstrating that a levering device, composed of materials and technology available to the pyramid builders, can function to lift a block in the limited space available at the top of the superstructure. \nMy study involved a levering device designed to work with ramps to construct the top of the pyramid. My objective was to construct and build a working lever, by encasing its design within the framework of technologies and materials available to the ancient xiii Egyptian pyramid builders. Testing this lever entailed the fabrication of many models; tests with weights greater than 5560 pounds; and a large-scale experiment that raised a 2530-pound block up one tier in under a minute.\n","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":42960072,"asset_id":22321320,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":2505686,"first_name":"R. Scott","last_name":"Hussey","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"RScottHussey","display_name":"R. Scott Hussey","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/RScottHussey?f_ri=395","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2505686/781636/13016964/s65_scott.hussey.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":394,"name":"Egyptology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Egyptology?f_ri=395","nofollow":false},{"id":395,"name":"Experimental Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Experimental_Archaeology?f_ri=395","nofollow":false},{"id":3793,"name":"Egyptian Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Egyptian_Archaeology?f_ri=395","nofollow":false},{"id":57237,"name":"Old Kingdom","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Kingdom?f_ri=395","nofollow":false},{"id":256223,"name":"The great pyramid, Egypt","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_great_pyramid_Egypt?f_ri=395"},{"id":479316,"name":"Ancient Egyptian pyramids","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Egyptian_pyramids?f_ri=395"},{"id":479318,"name":"ancient Egypytian pyramids","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ancient_Egypytian_pyramids?f_ri=395"},{"id":1266408,"name":"Pyramid of Giza","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pyramid_of_Giza?f_ri=395"},{"id":1572170,"name":"Khufu pyramid","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Khufu_pyramid?f_ri=395"},{"id":2270394,"name":"Egyptology - construction of the Pyramids","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Egyptology_-_construction_of_the_Pyramids?f_ri=395"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_37851473" data-work_id="37851473" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/37851473/From_Ship_Find_to_Sea_Going_Reconstruction_Experimental_Maritime_Archaeology_at_the_Viking_Ship_Museum_in_Roskilde">From Ship-Find to Sea-Going Reconstruction. Experimental Maritime Archaeology at the Viking Ship Museum in Roskilde.</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/37851473" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="f6cbfe33b15e4ebe1ff0814f6e123507" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":57855872,"asset_id":37851473,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/57855872/download_file?st=MTczMjQ3Mjc5NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="16363549" href="https://vikingeskibsmuseet.academia.edu/VibekeBischoff">Vibeke Bischoff</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="16363549" type="text/json">{"id":16363549,"first_name":"Vibeke","last_name":"Bischoff","domain_name":"vikingeskibsmuseet","page_name":"VibekeBischoff","display_name":"Vibeke Bischoff","profile_url":"https://vikingeskibsmuseet.academia.edu/VibekeBischoff?f_ri=395","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/16363549/21379751/20782937/s65_vibeke.bischoff.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_37851473 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="37851473"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 37851473, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_37851473", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_37851473 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 37851473; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_37851473"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_37851473 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="37851473"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 37851473; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=37851473]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_37851473").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_37851473").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="37851473"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i></div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl6x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="395" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Experimental_Archaeology">Experimental Archaeology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="395" type="text/json">{"id":395,"name":"Experimental Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Experimental_Archaeology?f_ri=395","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (false) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=37851473]'), work: {"id":37851473,"title":"From Ship-Find to Sea-Going Reconstruction. Experimental Maritime Archaeology at the Viking Ship Museum in Roskilde.","created_at":"2018-11-26T03:00:38.105-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/37851473/From_Ship_Find_to_Sea_Going_Reconstruction_Experimental_Maritime_Archaeology_at_the_Viking_Ship_Museum_in_Roskilde?f_ri=395","dom_id":"work_37851473","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":57855872,"asset_id":37851473,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":16363549,"first_name":"Vibeke","last_name":"Bischoff","domain_name":"vikingeskibsmuseet","page_name":"VibekeBischoff","display_name":"Vibeke Bischoff","profile_url":"https://vikingeskibsmuseet.academia.edu/VibekeBischoff?f_ri=395","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/16363549/21379751/20782937/s65_vibeke.bischoff.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":395,"name":"Experimental Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Experimental_Archaeology?f_ri=395","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_5181445" data-work_id="5181445" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/5181445/Experimental_iron_working_at_Agoreggi_1994_1999_2002_">Experimental iron working at Agoreggi, 1994-1999 (2002)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The 18th century water-powered ironworks at Agoreggi, in the Basque country, was reconstructed based on contemporary historical records and archaeological investigations. In 1994-1999 three campaigns of experiments were carried out with... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_5181445" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The 18th century water-powered ironworks at Agoreggi, in the Basque country, was reconstructed based on contemporary historical records and archaeological investigations. In 1994-1999 three campaigns of experiments were carried out with the aim of reproducing the scale and technology of the iron production. This paper is a fully illustrated description of the experiments and, in particular, of the practical problems of the air delivery system and the use of the copper tobera (tuyere). In 1999 six agoas (blooms) were made of varying quality and size, the largest being a 30kg ferritic agoa smelted from 140kg of ore, but this is only about half the scale of the 18th century production. <br />It subsequently transpired that the mouth of the tobera used for the experiments should have been 170% larger, thus allowing more air to be blown into the furnace, and the making of agoas closer to the 18th century size. See Crew 2013, 'Twenty five years of bloomery experiments...', pages [46-48], for an overview of the experiments and a brief discussion of the tobera problem.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/5181445" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="046338b7c3393d3cee58fdc00998500f" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":35702386,"asset_id":5181445,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/35702386/download_file?st=MTczMjQ3Mjc5NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="2210601" href="https://independent.academia.edu/PeterCrew">Peter Crew</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="2210601" type="text/json">{"id":2210601,"first_name":"Peter","last_name":"Crew","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"PeterCrew","display_name":"Peter Crew","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/PeterCrew?f_ri=395","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2210601/1664063/2005484/s65_peter.crew.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_5181445 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="5181445"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 5181445, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_5181445", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_5181445 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 5181445; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_5181445"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_5181445 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="5181445"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 5181445; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=5181445]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_5181445").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_5181445").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="5181445"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">16</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="395" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Experimental_Archaeology">Experimental Archaeology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="395" type="text/json">{"id":395,"name":"Experimental Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Experimental_Archaeology?f_ri=395","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="958" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historical_Archaeology">Historical Archaeology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="958" type="text/json">{"id":958,"name":"Historical Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historical_Archaeology?f_ri=395","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2862" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Industrial_History">Industrial History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2862" type="text/json">{"id":2862,"name":"Industrial History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Industrial_History?f_ri=395","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5013" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Industrial_Heritage">Industrial Heritage</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="5013" type="text/json">{"id":5013,"name":"Industrial Heritage","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Industrial_Heritage?f_ri=395","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=5181445]'), work: {"id":5181445,"title":"Experimental iron working at Agoreggi, 1994-1999 (2002)","created_at":"2013-11-21T20:00:18.448-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/5181445/Experimental_iron_working_at_Agoreggi_1994_1999_2002_?f_ri=395","dom_id":"work_5181445","summary":"The 18th century water-powered ironworks at Agoreggi, in the Basque country, was reconstructed based on contemporary historical records and archaeological investigations. In 1994-1999 three campaigns of experiments were carried out with the aim of reproducing the scale and technology of the iron production. This paper is a fully illustrated description of the experiments and, in particular, of the practical problems of the air delivery system and the use of the copper tobera (tuyere). In 1999 six agoas (blooms) were made of varying quality and size, the largest being a 30kg ferritic agoa smelted from 140kg of ore, but this is only about half the scale of the 18th century production.\r\nIt subsequently transpired that the mouth of the tobera used for the experiments should have been 170% larger, thus allowing more air to be blown into the furnace, and the making of agoas closer to the 18th century size. See Crew 2013, 'Twenty five years of bloomery experiments...', pages [46-48], for an overview of the experiments and a brief discussion of the tobera problem.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":35702386,"asset_id":5181445,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false},{"id":35703401,"asset_id":5181445,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":2210601,"first_name":"Peter","last_name":"Crew","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"PeterCrew","display_name":"Peter Crew","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/PeterCrew?f_ri=395","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2210601/1664063/2005484/s65_peter.crew.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":395,"name":"Experimental Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Experimental_Archaeology?f_ri=395","nofollow":false},{"id":958,"name":"Historical Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historical_Archaeology?f_ri=395","nofollow":false},{"id":2862,"name":"Industrial History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Industrial_History?f_ri=395","nofollow":false},{"id":5013,"name":"Industrial Heritage","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Industrial_Heritage?f_ri=395","nofollow":false},{"id":5014,"name":"Industrial Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Industrial_Archaeology?f_ri=395"},{"id":12807,"name":"Archaeometry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeometry?f_ri=395"},{"id":21136,"name":"Basque History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Basque_History?f_ri=395"},{"id":23133,"name":"Iron and Steel (History)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Iron_and_Steel_History_?f_ri=395"},{"id":24522,"name":"Archaeometallurgy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeometallurgy?f_ri=395"},{"id":32982,"name":"Archaeology of the Basque Country","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology_of_the_Basque_Country?f_ri=395"},{"id":47417,"name":"Paleometallurgy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paleometallurgy?f_ri=395"},{"id":67229,"name":"Post-Medieval Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Post-Medieval_Archaeology?f_ri=395"},{"id":247945,"name":"Ironworking","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ironworking?f_ri=395"},{"id":299801,"name":"Historical metallurgy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historical_metallurgy?f_ri=395"},{"id":1000872,"name":"Ancient Iron Metallurgy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Iron_Metallurgy?f_ri=395"},{"id":1880742,"name":"CPSA","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/CPSA?f_ri=395"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_35074346" data-work_id="35074346" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/35074346/Sewing_Design_and_Creativity_Aspects_of_Tailoring_in_the_Bronze_Age">Sewing, Design and Creativity: Aspects of Tailoring in the Bronze Age</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Clothes are not only made to protect against the cold, sun, or rain, but also to have an impact on the wearer, provide information and create moods. They are experienced both sensually by the person wearing them and visually by the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_35074346" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Clothes are not only made to protect against the cold, sun, or rain, but also to have an impact on the wearer, provide information and create moods. They are experienced both sensually by the person wearing them<br />and visually by the audience and since clothing can also be used to alter body shapes, it becomes an object of art.<br />When worn on the human body, clothing serves as a medium of non-verbal communication and as such can be used to demonstrate cultural, social and individual identities. Strategies for communication via dress exist in all parts of the world, and these systems vary not only geographically but also through time. The task of tailoring as a profession is to create garments which cover both these personal and social demands. This paper is based on observations and considerations that were made during the reconstruction of Bronze Age garments by using experimental archaeology methods.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/35074346" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="2b7f4322e7121a98fcba81dbf93ea69c" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":54935032,"asset_id":35074346,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/54935032/download_file?st=MTczMjQ3Mjc5NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="3099994" href="https://independent.academia.edu/HelgaR%C3%B6selMautendorfer">Helga Rösel-Mautendorfer</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="3099994" type="text/json">{"id":3099994,"first_name":"Helga","last_name":"Rösel-Mautendorfer","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"HelgaRöselMautendorfer","display_name":"Helga Rösel-Mautendorfer","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/HelgaR%C3%B6selMautendorfer?f_ri=395","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3099994/1018562/1273244/s65_helga.r_sel-mautendorfer.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_35074346 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="35074346"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 35074346, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_35074346", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=35074346]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_35074346").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_35074346").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="35074346"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="395" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Experimental_Archaeology">Experimental Archaeology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="395" type="text/json">{"id":395,"name":"Experimental Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Experimental_Archaeology?f_ri=395","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2320" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Textiles">Textiles</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2320" type="text/json">{"id":2320,"name":"Textiles","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Textiles?f_ri=395","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12523" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bronze_Age_Europe_Archaeology_">Bronze Age Europe (Archaeology)</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="12523" type="text/json">{"id":12523,"name":"Bronze Age Europe (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bronze_Age_Europe_Archaeology_?f_ri=395","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=35074346]'), work: {"id":35074346,"title":"Sewing, Design and Creativity: Aspects of Tailoring in the Bronze Age","created_at":"2017-11-07T00:22:27.983-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/35074346/Sewing_Design_and_Creativity_Aspects_of_Tailoring_in_the_Bronze_Age?f_ri=395","dom_id":"work_35074346","summary":"Clothes are not only made to protect against the cold, sun, or rain, but also to have an impact on the wearer, provide information and create moods. They are experienced both sensually by the person wearing them\nand visually by the audience and since clothing can also be used to alter body shapes, it becomes an object of art.\nWhen worn on the human body, clothing serves as a medium of non-verbal communication and as such can be used to demonstrate cultural, social and individual identities. Strategies for communication via dress exist in all parts of the world, and these systems vary not only geographically but also through time. The task of tailoring as a profession is to create garments which cover both these personal and social demands. This paper is based on observations and considerations that were made during the reconstruction of Bronze Age garments by using experimental archaeology methods.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":54935032,"asset_id":35074346,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":3099994,"first_name":"Helga","last_name":"Rösel-Mautendorfer","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"HelgaRöselMautendorfer","display_name":"Helga Rösel-Mautendorfer","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/HelgaR%C3%B6selMautendorfer?f_ri=395","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3099994/1018562/1273244/s65_helga.r_sel-mautendorfer.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":395,"name":"Experimental Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Experimental_Archaeology?f_ri=395","nofollow":false},{"id":2320,"name":"Textiles","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Textiles?f_ri=395","nofollow":false},{"id":12523,"name":"Bronze Age Europe (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bronze_Age_Europe_Archaeology_?f_ri=395","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_29505966 coauthored" data-work_id="29505966" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/29505966/Magdalena_Beranov%C3%A1_J%C3%ADdlo_a_pit%C3%AD_v_prav%C4%9Bku_a_ve_st%C5%99edov%C4%9Bku_Food_and_drink_in_prehistoric_times_and_the_Middle_Ages">Magdalena Beranová: Jídlo a pití v pravěku a ve středověku / Food and drink in prehistoric times and the Middle Ages</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Kniha vyšla v roce 2008 v Praze / The book was published in 2008 in Prague Poznámka: Knihu paní Dr. Beranové uveřejněme na našem profilu s důvodu její důležitosti k výuce archeologie a prosíme Vás vážení kolegové o respektování... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_29505966" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Kniha vyšla v roce 2008 v Praze / The book was published in 2008 in Prague<br /><br />Poznámka:<br />Knihu paní Dr. Beranové uveřejněme na našem profilu s důvodu její důležitosti k výuce archeologie a prosíme Vás vážení kolegové o respektování autorských práv rodiny paní doktorky Beranové a vydavatele.<br />Děkujeme Vám<br />Správci profilu<br />/<br />Note:<br />Book Dr. Beranova publish on our profile due to its importance to the teaching of archeology and colleagues ask you to respect the copyright of the family of Dr. Beranova and publishers.<br />Thank you<br />Manager profile</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/29505966" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="9c79f91fd2a035918f6bd2d708885cf8" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":49943376,"asset_id":29505966,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/49943376/download_file?st=MTczMjQ3Mjc5NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="33193008" href="https://independent.academia.edu/DigitallibraryUzhgorod">Digital library Bohemia</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="33193008" type="text/json">{"id":33193008,"first_name":"Digital library","last_name":"Bohemia","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"DigitallibraryUzhgorod","display_name":"Digital library Bohemia","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/DigitallibraryUzhgorod?f_ri=395","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/33193008/9845331/15730588/s65_digital_library.uzhgorod.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-29505966">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-29505966"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/Magdal%C3%A9naBeranov%C3%A1">Magdaléna Beranová</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-29505966'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-29505966').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_29505966 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="29505966"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 29505966, container: 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rodiny paní doktorky Beranové a vydavatele.\nDěkujeme Vám\nSprávci profilu\n/\nNote:\nBook Dr. Beranova publish on our profile due to its importance to the teaching of archeology and colleagues ask you to respect the copyright of the family of Dr. Beranova and publishers.\nThank you\nManager profile","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":49943376,"asset_id":29505966,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":33193008,"first_name":"Digital library","last_name":"Bohemia","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"DigitallibraryUzhgorod","display_name":"Digital library Bohemia","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/DigitallibraryUzhgorod?f_ri=395","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/33193008/9845331/15730588/s65_digital_library.uzhgorod.jpg"},{"id":81578477,"first_name":"Magdaléna","last_name":"Beranová","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MagdalénaBeranová","display_name":"Magdaléna 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Methodology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Experimental_Archaeology_Methodology?f_ri=395"},{"id":864140,"name":"Prehistoric Food Processing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prehistoric_Food_Processing?f_ri=395"},{"id":951143,"name":"Archeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archeology?f_ri=395"},{"id":1390885,"name":"Medieval Food and Drink","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Food_and_Drink?f_ri=395"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_37594917" data-work_id="37594917" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/37594917/Use_Alteration_Analysis_of_Fire_Cracked_Rocks">Use-Alteration Analysis of Fire-Cracked Rocks</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Although it is now commonplace for archaeologists to study use-alteration patterns on ceramics, the same cannot be said of one of the most ubiquitous classes of hunter-gatherer artifacts, fire-cracked rocks (FCR). It can be shown,... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_37594917" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Although it is now commonplace for archaeologists to study use-alteration patterns on ceramics, the same cannot be said of one of the most ubiquitous classes of hunter-gatherer artifacts, fire-cracked rocks (FCR). It can be shown, however, that many of the same methods and theories applied to the study of cooking ceramics are also relevant to the investigation of rocks used as heating elements. Because use alteration analyses of FCR are so scarce, I describe a range of attributes with the goal of helping researchers identify use alterations (e.g., sooting, reddening, various fracturing patterns) on lithic artifacts from sites worldwide and evaluate their potential function in various cultural practices. These attributes are also outlined in order to create a standardized terminology for describing FCR use-alteration patterns. I discuss my analysis of FCR from three Late Archaic sites (Duck Lake, 913, and 914) on Grand Island in Michigan's Upper Peninsula, followed by an interpretation of their cooking contexts, as a case study. The results indicate great intersite variability among FCR characteristics, cooking methods, and cooking facilities (earth oven, stone boiling, and rock griddle). This use alteration analysis can be applied in archaeological contexts worldwide where similar materials are recovered.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/37594917" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="343389a813b3873a238973b6ab9afdab" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":57575963,"asset_id":37594917,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/57575963/download_file?st=MTczMjQ3Mjc5NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="4434867" href="https://ucla.academia.edu/FernandaNeubauer">Fernanda Neubauer</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="4434867" type="text/json">{"id":4434867,"first_name":"Fernanda","last_name":"Neubauer","domain_name":"ucla","page_name":"FernandaNeubauer","display_name":"Fernanda Neubauer","profile_url":"https://ucla.academia.edu/FernandaNeubauer?f_ri=395","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4434867/2297278/38539187/s65_fernanda.neubauer.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_37594917 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="37594917"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 37594917, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_37594917", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=37594917]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_37594917").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_37594917").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="37594917"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">20</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="392" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology">Archaeology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="392" type="text/json">{"id":392,"name":"Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology?f_ri=395","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="395" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Experimental_Archaeology">Experimental Archaeology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="395" type="text/json">{"id":395,"name":"Experimental Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Experimental_Archaeology?f_ri=395","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="399" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prehistoric_Archaeology">Prehistoric Archaeology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="399" type="text/json">{"id":399,"name":"Prehistoric Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prehistoric_Archaeology?f_ri=395","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2109" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Archaeology">Environmental Archaeology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="2109" type="text/json">{"id":2109,"name":"Environmental Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Archaeology?f_ri=395","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=37594917]'), work: {"id":37594917,"title":"Use-Alteration Analysis of Fire-Cracked Rocks","created_at":"2018-10-16T07:57:21.660-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/37594917/Use_Alteration_Analysis_of_Fire_Cracked_Rocks?f_ri=395","dom_id":"work_37594917","summary":"Although it is now commonplace for archaeologists to study use-alteration patterns on ceramics, the same cannot be said of one of the most ubiquitous classes of hunter-gatherer artifacts, fire-cracked rocks (FCR). It can be shown, however, that many of the same methods and theories applied to the study of cooking ceramics are also relevant to the investigation of rocks used as heating elements. Because use alteration analyses of FCR are so scarce, I describe a range of attributes with the goal of helping researchers identify use alterations (e.g., sooting, reddening, various fracturing patterns) on lithic artifacts from sites worldwide and evaluate their potential function in various cultural practices. These attributes are also outlined in order to create a standardized terminology for describing FCR use-alteration patterns. I discuss my analysis of FCR from three Late Archaic sites (Duck Lake, 913, and 914) on Grand Island in Michigan's Upper Peninsula, followed by an interpretation of their cooking contexts, as a case study. The results indicate great intersite variability among FCR characteristics, cooking methods, and cooking facilities (earth oven, stone boiling, and rock griddle). This use alteration analysis can be applied in archaeological contexts worldwide where similar materials are recovered.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":57575963,"asset_id":37594917,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":4434867,"first_name":"Fernanda","last_name":"Neubauer","domain_name":"ucla","page_name":"FernandaNeubauer","display_name":"Fernanda Neubauer","profile_url":"https://ucla.academia.edu/FernandaNeubauer?f_ri=395","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4434867/2297278/38539187/s65_fernanda.neubauer.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":392,"name":"Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology?f_ri=395","nofollow":false},{"id":395,"name":"Experimental Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Experimental_Archaeology?f_ri=395","nofollow":false},{"id":399,"name":"Prehistoric 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Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hunter-Gatherer_Archaeology?f_ri=395"},{"id":71380,"name":"Arqueologia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arqueologia?f_ri=395"},{"id":114654,"name":"North American prehistory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/North_American_prehistory?f_ri=395"},{"id":133051,"name":"Tecnología Lítica","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tecnolog%C3%ADa_L%C3%ADtica?f_ri=395"},{"id":508765,"name":"Landscape and environmental archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Landscape_and_environmental_archaeology?f_ri=395"},{"id":1215487,"name":"Fired Cracked Rock","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fired_Cracked_Rock?f_ri=395"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_63953955 coauthored" data-work_id="63953955" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/63953955/Routledge_Handbook_of_Medieval_Rural_Life">Routledge Handbook of Medieval Rural Life</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">A collection of essays by over 20 contributors exploring various aspects of life and the research into daily life in medieval rural Europe.</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/63953955" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="27704528" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MiriamMuller4">Miriam Muller</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="27704528" type="text/json">{"id":27704528,"first_name":"Miriam","last_name":"Muller","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MiriamMuller4","display_name":"Miriam Muller","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MiriamMuller4?f_ri=395","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/27704528/7961001/8917691/s65_miriam.muller.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-63953955">+3</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-63953955"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://cambridge.academia.edu/ChrisBriggs">Chris Briggs</a></span></div><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://uib.academia.edu/IngvildOye">Ingvild Øye</a></span></div><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://warwick.academia.edu/AysuDincer">Aysu Dincer</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-63953955'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-63953955').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_63953955 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="63953955"><i class="u-m1x 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href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology">Archaeology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="392" type="text/json">{"id":392,"name":"Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology?f_ri=395","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="395" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Experimental_Archaeology">Experimental Archaeology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="395" type="text/json">{"id":395,"name":"Experimental Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Experimental_Archaeology?f_ri=395","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2272" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gender_History">Gender History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2272" type="text/json">{"id":2272,"name":"Gender History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gender_History?f_ri=395","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7337" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Childhood_and_Youth">History of Childhood and Youth</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="7337" type="text/json">{"id":7337,"name":"History of Childhood and Youth","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Childhood_and_Youth?f_ri=395","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=63953955]'), work: {"id":63953955,"title":"Routledge Handbook of Medieval Rural Life","created_at":"2021-12-13T02:01:20.804-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/63953955/Routledge_Handbook_of_Medieval_Rural_Life?f_ri=395","dom_id":"work_63953955","summary":"A collection of essays by over 20 contributors exploring various aspects of life and the research into daily life in medieval rural Europe. 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The smelt was of 7.5kg of moderately rich bog iron ore, in a low shaft furnace, resulting in a low carbon bloom of 1600g.... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_3559576" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This paper describes our 17th experiment (XP17), which was the first occasion on which a reasonable bloom was made. The smelt was of 7.5kg of moderately rich bog iron ore, in a low shaft furnace, resulting in a low carbon bloom of 1600g. Half the bloom was refined to a billet (642g), then to a flat bar (350g), part of which was forged to a knife. If the whole bloom had been refined, the total losses would have been more than half the original weight, resulting in three smithing hearth slags from each stage of the process. The data is used to make a preliminary calculation of the production from the sites at Bryn y Castell and Crawcwellt, where considerable numbers of smithing hearth bottoms were found.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/3559576" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="375acc370497c1656bdd7460aa421429" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":31583321,"asset_id":3559576,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/31583321/download_file?st=MTczMjQ3Mjc5NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="2210601" href="https://independent.academia.edu/PeterCrew">Peter Crew</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="2210601" type="text/json">{"id":2210601,"first_name":"Peter","last_name":"Crew","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"PeterCrew","display_name":"Peter Crew","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/PeterCrew?f_ri=395","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2210601/1664063/2005484/s65_peter.crew.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_3559576 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="3559576"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 3559576, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_3559576", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=3559576]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_3559576").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_3559576").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="3559576"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">7</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="392" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology">Archaeology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="392" type="text/json">{"id":392,"name":"Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology?f_ri=395","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="395" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Experimental_Archaeology">Experimental Archaeology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="395" type="text/json">{"id":395,"name":"Experimental Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Experimental_Archaeology?f_ri=395","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="11574" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Iron_Age_Britain_Archaeology_">Iron Age Britain (Archaeology)</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="11574" type="text/json">{"id":11574,"name":"Iron Age Britain (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Iron_Age_Britain_Archaeology_?f_ri=395","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="24522" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeometallurgy">Archaeometallurgy</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="24522" type="text/json">{"id":24522,"name":"Archaeometallurgy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeometallurgy?f_ri=395","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=3559576]'), work: {"id":3559576,"title":"Experimental Iron smelting and bloom smithing, linked to archaeological evidence from two sites in north Wales (1991)","created_at":"2013-05-18T18:40:34.653-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/3559576/Experimental_Iron_smelting_and_bloom_smithing_linked_to_archaeological_evidence_from_two_sites_in_north_Wales_1991_?f_ri=395","dom_id":"work_3559576","summary":"This paper describes our 17th experiment (XP17), which was the first occasion on which a reasonable bloom was made. The smelt was of 7.5kg of moderately rich bog iron ore, in a low shaft furnace, resulting in a low carbon bloom of 1600g. Half the bloom was refined to a billet (642g), then to a flat bar (350g), part of which was forged to a knife. If the whole bloom had been refined, the total losses would have been more than half the original weight, resulting in three smithing hearth slags from each stage of the process. The data is used to make a preliminary calculation of the production from the sites at Bryn y Castell and Crawcwellt, where considerable numbers of smithing hearth bottoms were found.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":31583321,"asset_id":3559576,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":2210601,"first_name":"Peter","last_name":"Crew","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"PeterCrew","display_name":"Peter Crew","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/PeterCrew?f_ri=395","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2210601/1664063/2005484/s65_peter.crew.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":392,"name":"Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology?f_ri=395","nofollow":false},{"id":395,"name":"Experimental Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Experimental_Archaeology?f_ri=395","nofollow":false},{"id":11574,"name":"Iron Age Britain (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Iron_Age_Britain_Archaeology_?f_ri=395","nofollow":false},{"id":24522,"name":"Archaeometallurgy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeometallurgy?f_ri=395","nofollow":false},{"id":42197,"name":"Iron Age","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Iron_Age?f_ri=395"},{"id":1000872,"name":"Ancient Iron Metallurgy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Iron_Metallurgy?f_ri=395"},{"id":1880742,"name":"CPSA","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/CPSA?f_ri=395"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_30817227" data-work_id="30817227" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/30817227/L_analisi_tecnologica_di_resti_strutturali_in_terra_variabilit%C3%A0_delle_tecniche_di_costruzione_e_osservazioni_in_sezione_levigata_per_la_caratterizzazione_di_concotti_e_conglomerati_architettonici">L’ analisi tecnologica di resti strutturali in terra: variabilità delle tecniche di costruzione e osservazioni in sezione levigata per la caratterizzazione di concotti e conglomerati architettonici</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">In molti contesti preistorici e protostorici italiani sono largamente rinvenuti resti strutturali in terra e conglomerati architettonici combusti o parzialmente cementati. La loro caratterizzazione tecnologica è un passo importante per... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_30817227" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">In molti contesti preistorici e protostorici italiani sono largamente rinvenuti resti strutturali in terra e conglomerati architettonici combusti o parzialmente cementati. La loro caratterizzazione tecnologica è un passo importante per ottenere dati rigurdanti la paleoeconomia,  lo sfruttamento delle risorse e l’esistenza di tradizioni costruttive su scala locale o regionale. L’integrazione al protocollo di analisi tecnologica di osservazioni effettuate ad occhio nudo o con microscopio ottico su sezioni levigate può aiutare ad una migliore comprensione dei resti in una fase intermedia dello studio, successiva alla loro caratterizzazione morfologica ed al riconoscimento di classi di impasto, ma preliminare all’approfondimento dello studio per mezzo di analisi specialistiche. La realizzazione su alcuni campioni di una sezione rettificata e polita (sezione levigata) permette infatti di descrivere con maggiore completezza l’organizzazione e la natura dei componenti, nonché le alterazioni subite dal materiale, ad esempio in caso di esposizione al calore. Si tratta dunque di associare le caratteristiche osservate ai meccanismi di deformazione della materia e a gesti specifici, che una volta messi in sequenza potranno permettere di ricostruire materie prime utilizzate, tecniche e catene operative. Qualche osservazione rilevante può riguardare anche le dinamiche di funzionamento delle strutture o il loro ingresso nel record archeologico. Sono qua presentati alcuni casi studio e chiavi di lettura preliminari, da completare ed affinare con l’avanzamento delle ricerche. Le prime applicazioni di tale tecnica hanno fornito risultati incoraggianti, soprattutto per il rapporto positivo tra massa di dati prodotta e costo finanziario ridotto.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/30817227" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="be470c457a99144e03e0851f5d43dc40" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":51921235,"asset_id":30817227,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/51921235/download_file?st=MTczMjQ3Mjc5NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="2952967" href="https://univ-montp3.academia.edu/AlessandroPEINETTI">Alessandro PEINETTI</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="2952967" type="text/json">{"id":2952967,"first_name":"Alessandro","last_name":"PEINETTI","domain_name":"univ-montp3","page_name":"AlessandroPEINETTI","display_name":"Alessandro PEINETTI","profile_url":"https://univ-montp3.academia.edu/AlessandroPEINETTI?f_ri=395","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2952967/1500189/7760483/s65_alessandro.peinetti.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_30817227 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="30817227"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 30817227, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_30817227", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_30817227 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 30817227; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_30817227"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_30817227 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="30817227"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 30817227; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=30817227]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_30817227").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_30817227").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="30817227"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">21</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="395" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Experimental_Archaeology">Experimental Archaeology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="395" type="text/json">{"id":395,"name":"Experimental Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Experimental_Archaeology?f_ri=395","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="399" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prehistoric_Archaeology">Prehistoric Archaeology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="399" type="text/json">{"id":399,"name":"Prehistoric Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prehistoric_Archaeology?f_ri=395","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1628" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethnoarchaeology">Ethnoarchaeology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1628" type="text/json">{"id":1628,"name":"Ethnoarchaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethnoarchaeology?f_ri=395","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3016" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mediterranean_prehistory">Mediterranean prehistory</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="3016" type="text/json">{"id":3016,"name":"Mediterranean prehistory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mediterranean_prehistory?f_ri=395","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=30817227]'), work: {"id":30817227,"title":"L’ analisi tecnologica di resti strutturali in terra: variabilità delle tecniche di costruzione e osservazioni in sezione levigata per la caratterizzazione di concotti e conglomerati architettonici","created_at":"2017-01-08T11:30:45.492-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/30817227/L_analisi_tecnologica_di_resti_strutturali_in_terra_variabilit%C3%A0_delle_tecniche_di_costruzione_e_osservazioni_in_sezione_levigata_per_la_caratterizzazione_di_concotti_e_conglomerati_architettonici?f_ri=395","dom_id":"work_30817227","summary":"In molti contesti preistorici e protostorici italiani sono largamente rinvenuti resti strutturali in terra e conglomerati architettonici combusti o parzialmente cementati. La loro caratterizzazione tecnologica è un passo importante per ottenere dati rigurdanti la paleoeconomia, lo sfruttamento delle risorse e l’esistenza di tradizioni costruttive su scala locale o regionale. L’integrazione al protocollo di analisi tecnologica di osservazioni effettuate ad occhio nudo o con microscopio ottico su sezioni levigate può aiutare ad una migliore comprensione dei resti in una fase intermedia dello studio, successiva alla loro caratterizzazione morfologica ed al riconoscimento di classi di impasto, ma preliminare all’approfondimento dello studio per mezzo di analisi specialistiche. La realizzazione su alcuni campioni di una sezione rettificata e polita (sezione levigata) permette infatti di descrivere con maggiore completezza l’organizzazione e la natura dei componenti, nonché le alterazioni subite dal materiale, ad esempio in caso di esposizione al calore. Si tratta dunque di associare le caratteristiche osservate ai meccanismi di deformazione della materia e a gesti specifici, che una volta messi in sequenza potranno permettere di ricostruire materie prime utilizzate, tecniche e catene operative. Qualche osservazione rilevante può riguardare anche le dinamiche di funzionamento delle strutture o il loro ingresso nel record archeologico. Sono qua presentati alcuni casi studio e chiavi di lettura preliminari, da completare ed affinare con l’avanzamento delle ricerche. Le prime applicazioni di tale tecnica hanno fornito risultati incoraggianti, soprattutto per il rapporto positivo tra massa di dati prodotta e costo finanziario ridotto.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":51921235,"asset_id":30817227,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":2952967,"first_name":"Alessandro","last_name":"PEINETTI","domain_name":"univ-montp3","page_name":"AlessandroPEINETTI","display_name":"Alessandro PEINETTI","profile_url":"https://univ-montp3.academia.edu/AlessandroPEINETTI?f_ri=395","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2952967/1500189/7760483/s65_alessandro.peinetti.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":395,"name":"Experimental Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Experimental_Archaeology?f_ri=395","nofollow":false},{"id":399,"name":"Prehistoric Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prehistoric_Archaeology?f_ri=395","nofollow":false},{"id":1628,"name":"Ethnoarchaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethnoarchaeology?f_ri=395","nofollow":false},{"id":3016,"name":"Mediterranean prehistory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mediterranean_prehistory?f_ri=395","nofollow":false},{"id":3557,"name":"History of Technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Technology?f_ri=395"},{"id":7654,"name":"Vernacular Architecture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vernacular_Architecture?f_ri=395"},{"id":7872,"name":"Building Materials (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Building_Materials_Archaeology_?f_ri=395"},{"id":11199,"name":"Neolithic Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neolithic_Archaeology?f_ri=395"},{"id":12523,"name":"Bronze Age Europe (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bronze_Age_Europe_Archaeology_?f_ri=395"},{"id":16772,"name":"Housing and Dwelling (Architecture)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Housing_and_Dwelling_Architecture_?f_ri=395"},{"id":17007,"name":"Prehistoric Settlement","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prehistoric_Settlement?f_ri=395"},{"id":19731,"name":"Prehistoric Technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prehistoric_Technology?f_ri=395"},{"id":20642,"name":"Dwelling Practices and Built Environments","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dwelling_Practices_and_Built_Environments?f_ri=395"},{"id":29543,"name":"Archaeological Methodology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeological_Methodology?f_ri=395"},{"id":32780,"name":"Mediterranean archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mediterranean_archaeology?f_ri=395"},{"id":53624,"name":"Building Technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Building_Technology?f_ri=395"},{"id":82447,"name":"Earthen Architecture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earthen_Architecture?f_ri=395"},{"id":131210,"name":"Traditional rural buildings","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Traditional_rural_buildings?f_ri=395"},{"id":184543,"name":"Chaîne Opératoire","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cha%C3%AEne_Op%C3%A9ratoire?f_ri=395"},{"id":233147,"name":"Wattle and Daub","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wattle_and_Daub?f_ri=395"},{"id":616890,"name":"Prehistoric architecture, household archaeology and use of space","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prehistoric_architecture_household_archaeology_and_use_of_space?f_ri=395"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_36051244" data-work_id="36051244" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/36051244/Medieval_Ale_and_Beer">Medieval Ale & Beer</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This manual happened by request, and is meant to help assist medieval enthusiasts, experimental archaeologists, re-enactors and anyone else interested in recreating historic ales and beers. It is a collection of bits and pieces published... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_36051244" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This manual happened by request, and is meant to help assist medieval enthusiasts, experimental archaeologists, re-enactors and anyone else interested in recreating historic ales and beers. It is a collection of bits and pieces published by many authors of the past on the brewing of beer – now conveniently gathered in one place – and it is meant to guide the modern brewer in making the best guesses possible for his or her historic brew. Much of the information available on brewing is from the 16th century, after the invention of printing press. Not all that unexpected, the first books specializing in beer and brewing appeared in Latin, the language of academics, and German, the language of a prolific brewing culture. While I will make an effort to include all books on brewing known to me, whether they are accessible to the English brewer or not, as I am neither fluent in Latin, nor in medieval German, I only have some tantalizing bits and pieces of foreign language information to share – for now. <br /> <br />For more on the subject, and ongoing research, follow my blog at: <br /><a href="https://medievalmeadandbeer.wordpress.com/" rel="nofollow">https://medievalmeadandbeer.wordpress.com/</a></div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/36051244" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="c2cf61cb44be69b86b1aae1523b6a0c1" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":55937089,"asset_id":36051244,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/55937089/download_file?st=MTczMjQ3Mjc5NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="40766898" href="https://independent.academia.edu/susanverberg">susan verberg</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="40766898" type="text/json">{"id":40766898,"first_name":"susan","last_name":"verberg","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"susanverberg","display_name":"susan verberg","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/susanverberg?f_ri=395","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/40766898/32419729/29321543/s65_susan.verberg.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_36051244 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="36051244"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 36051244, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_36051244", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_36051244 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 36051244; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_36051244"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_36051244 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="36051244"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 36051244; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=36051244]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_36051244").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_36051244").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="36051244"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">7</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="395" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Experimental_Archaeology">Experimental Archaeology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="395" type="text/json">{"id":395,"name":"Experimental Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Experimental_Archaeology?f_ri=395","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="67429" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Brewing">Brewing</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="67429" type="text/json">{"id":67429,"name":"Brewing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Brewing?f_ri=395","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="93830" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Brewing">Medieval Brewing</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="93830" type="text/json">{"id":93830,"name":"Medieval Brewing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Brewing?f_ri=395","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="163554" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Brewery_History">Brewery History</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="163554" type="text/json">{"id":163554,"name":"Brewery History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Brewery_History?f_ri=395","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=36051244]'), work: {"id":36051244,"title":"Medieval Ale \u0026 Beer","created_at":"2018-03-01T06:43:15.099-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/36051244/Medieval_Ale_and_Beer?f_ri=395","dom_id":"work_36051244","summary":"This manual happened by request, and is meant to help assist medieval enthusiasts, experimental archaeologists, re-enactors and anyone else interested in recreating historic ales and beers. It is a collection of bits and pieces published by many authors of the past on the brewing of beer – now conveniently gathered in one place – and it is meant to guide the modern brewer in making the best guesses possible for his or her historic brew. Much of the information available on brewing is from the 16th century, after the invention of printing press. Not all that unexpected, the first books specializing in beer and brewing appeared in Latin, the language of academics, and German, the language of a prolific brewing culture. While I will make an effort to include all books on brewing known to me, whether they are accessible to the English brewer or not, as I am neither fluent in Latin, nor in medieval German, I only have some tantalizing bits and pieces of foreign language information to share – for now.\r\n\r\nFor more on the subject, and ongoing research, follow my blog at:\r\nhttps://medievalmeadandbeer.wordpress.com/","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":55937089,"asset_id":36051244,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":40766898,"first_name":"susan","last_name":"verberg","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"susanverberg","display_name":"susan verberg","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/susanverberg?f_ri=395","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/40766898/32419729/29321543/s65_susan.verberg.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":395,"name":"Experimental Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Experimental_Archaeology?f_ri=395","nofollow":false},{"id":67429,"name":"Brewing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Brewing?f_ri=395","nofollow":false},{"id":93830,"name":"Medieval Brewing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Brewing?f_ri=395","nofollow":false},{"id":163554,"name":"Brewery History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Brewery_History?f_ri=395","nofollow":false},{"id":263905,"name":"Beer and Brewery History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Beer_and_Brewery_History?f_ri=395"},{"id":731688,"name":"History of brewing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_brewing?f_ri=395"},{"id":829510,"name":"Historical Brewing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historical_Brewing?f_ri=395"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_4208721" data-work_id="4208721" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/4208721/Comparative_data_from_iron_smelting_and_smithing_experiments_Crew_and_Salter_1991_">Comparative data from iron smelting and smithing experiments (Crew & Salter 1991)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">In 1987 to 1989 15 experiments were carried out, smelting bog-iron ores in a low shaft furnace. The data from XP13 to XP28 are presented, with quantifications of the smelting and of the refining to billets and bars. Analyses of the bog... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_4208721" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">In 1987 to 1989 15 experiments were carried out, smelting bog-iron ores in a low shaft furnace. The data from XP13 to XP28 are presented, with quantifications of the smelting and of the refining to billets and bars. Analyses of the bog ores are given. Metallurgical analyses, micrographs and P maps of the blooms from XP22 and XP23 are given, and analyses of the billet from XP17 and the bar from XP16. Line traces for P, As, Co and Ni, across the XP16 bar show the segregation of the P and the surface enrichment of As and Ni.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/4208721" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="b886b7381adfb7f28751ee4874171733" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":32525245,"asset_id":4208721,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/32525245/download_file?st=MTczMjQ3Mjc5NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="2210601" href="https://independent.academia.edu/PeterCrew">Peter Crew</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="2210601" type="text/json">{"id":2210601,"first_name":"Peter","last_name":"Crew","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"PeterCrew","display_name":"Peter Crew","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/PeterCrew?f_ri=395","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2210601/1664063/2005484/s65_peter.crew.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_4208721 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="4208721"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 4208721, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_4208721", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=4208721]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_4208721").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_4208721").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="4208721"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">6</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="395" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Experimental_Archaeology">Experimental Archaeology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="395" type="text/json">{"id":395,"name":"Experimental Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Experimental_Archaeology?f_ri=395","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12807" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeometry">Archaeometry</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="12807" type="text/json">{"id":12807,"name":"Archaeometry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeometry?f_ri=395","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="24522" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeometallurgy">Archaeometallurgy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="24522" type="text/json">{"id":24522,"name":"Archaeometallurgy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeometallurgy?f_ri=395","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="47417" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paleometallurgy">Paleometallurgy</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="47417" type="text/json">{"id":47417,"name":"Paleometallurgy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paleometallurgy?f_ri=395","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=4208721]'), work: {"id":4208721,"title":"Comparative data from iron smelting and smithing experiments (Crew \u0026 Salter 1991)","created_at":"2013-08-09T21:29:14.995-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/4208721/Comparative_data_from_iron_smelting_and_smithing_experiments_Crew_and_Salter_1991_?f_ri=395","dom_id":"work_4208721","summary":"In 1987 to 1989 15 experiments were carried out, smelting bog-iron ores in a low shaft furnace. The data from XP13 to XP28 are presented, with quantifications of the smelting and of the refining to billets and bars. Analyses of the bog ores are given. Metallurgical analyses, micrographs and P maps of the blooms from XP22 and XP23 are given, and analyses of the billet from XP17 and the bar from XP16. Line traces for P, As, Co and Ni, across the XP16 bar show the segregation of the P and the surface enrichment of As and Ni.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":32525245,"asset_id":4208721,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":2210601,"first_name":"Peter","last_name":"Crew","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"PeterCrew","display_name":"Peter Crew","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/PeterCrew?f_ri=395","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2210601/1664063/2005484/s65_peter.crew.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":395,"name":"Experimental Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Experimental_Archaeology?f_ri=395","nofollow":false},{"id":12807,"name":"Archaeometry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeometry?f_ri=395","nofollow":false},{"id":24522,"name":"Archaeometallurgy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeometallurgy?f_ri=395","nofollow":false},{"id":47417,"name":"Paleometallurgy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paleometallurgy?f_ri=395","nofollow":false},{"id":247945,"name":"Ironworking","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ironworking?f_ri=395"},{"id":1000872,"name":"Ancient Iron Metallurgy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Iron_Metallurgy?f_ri=395"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_4838784" data-work_id="4838784" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/4838784/A_scientific_study_of_bloomery_irons_experimentally_smelted_from_different_ores_Wang_and_Crew_2009_">A scientific study of bloomery irons experimentally smelted from different ores (Wang and Crew 2009)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This PPT was presented at the 2009 'World of Iron' conference. It is a comparative study of bloomery iron made from different ores, refined to bars and forged to knives, looking at the metallography and the slag inclusions. This... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_4838784" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This PPT was presented at the 2009 'World of Iron' conference. It is a comparative study of bloomery iron made from different ores, refined to bars and forged to knives, looking at the metallography and the slag inclusions. This conference presentation has a wider range of images than could be used in the 2013 published version. The second file has a descriptive text.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/4838784" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="82c922900f4bef2761beda613a114b82" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":32529018,"asset_id":4838784,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/32529018/download_file?st=MTczMjQ3Mjc5NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="2210601" href="https://independent.academia.edu/PeterCrew">Peter Crew</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="2210601" type="text/json">{"id":2210601,"first_name":"Peter","last_name":"Crew","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"PeterCrew","display_name":"Peter Crew","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/PeterCrew?f_ri=395","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2210601/1664063/2005484/s65_peter.crew.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_4838784 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="4838784"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 4838784, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_4838784", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_4838784 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 4838784; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_4838784"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_4838784 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="4838784"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 4838784; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=4838784]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_4838784").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_4838784").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="4838784"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="395" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Experimental_Archaeology">Experimental Archaeology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="395" type="text/json">{"id":395,"name":"Experimental Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Experimental_Archaeology?f_ri=395","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="24522" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeometallurgy">Archaeometallurgy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="24522" type="text/json">{"id":24522,"name":"Archaeometallurgy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeometallurgy?f_ri=395","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="47417" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paleometallurgy">Paleometallurgy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="47417" type="text/json">{"id":47417,"name":"Paleometallurgy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paleometallurgy?f_ri=395","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="247945" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ironworking">Ironworking</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="247945" type="text/json">{"id":247945,"name":"Ironworking","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ironworking?f_ri=395","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=4838784]'), work: {"id":4838784,"title":"A scientific study of bloomery irons experimentally smelted from different ores (Wang and Crew 2009)","created_at":"2013-10-21T00:38:14.818-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/4838784/A_scientific_study_of_bloomery_irons_experimentally_smelted_from_different_ores_Wang_and_Crew_2009_?f_ri=395","dom_id":"work_4838784","summary":"This PPT was presented at the 2009 'World of Iron' conference. It is a comparative study of bloomery iron made from different ores, refined to bars and forged to knives, looking at the metallography and the slag inclusions. This conference presentation has a wider range of images than could be used in the 2013 published version. The second file has a descriptive text.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":32529018,"asset_id":4838784,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false},{"id":32542859,"asset_id":4838784,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":2210601,"first_name":"Peter","last_name":"Crew","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"PeterCrew","display_name":"Peter Crew","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/PeterCrew?f_ri=395","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2210601/1664063/2005484/s65_peter.crew.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":395,"name":"Experimental Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Experimental_Archaeology?f_ri=395","nofollow":false},{"id":24522,"name":"Archaeometallurgy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeometallurgy?f_ri=395","nofollow":false},{"id":47417,"name":"Paleometallurgy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paleometallurgy?f_ri=395","nofollow":false},{"id":247945,"name":"Ironworking","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ironworking?f_ri=395","nofollow":false},{"id":1000872,"name":"Ancient Iron Metallurgy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Iron_Metallurgy?f_ri=395"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_31430226" data-work_id="31430226" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/31430226/_Ancient_Roman_hairdressing_on_hair_pins_and_needles_">"Ancient Roman hairdressing: on (hair)pins and needles."</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Ancient Roman female hairstyles were not created by wigs exclusively, as is often asserted. Elaborate Roman hairstyles could be created by sewing with needle and thread as fastener. Article examines the nomenclature, literature,... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_31430226" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Ancient Roman female hairstyles were not created by wigs exclusively, as is often asserted.  Elaborate Roman hairstyles  could be created by sewing with needle and thread as fastener. Article examines the nomenclature, literature, artifacts and intellectual history of the topic.  Illustrated with hairstyle recreations using real hair.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/31430226" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="b4ff5bbf95081bf40ea69e41982ee4e4" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":51793339,"asset_id":31430226,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/51793339/download_file?st=MTczMjQ3Mjc5NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="4627364" href="https://independent.academia.edu/StephensJanet">Janet Stephens</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="4627364" type="text/json">{"id":4627364,"first_name":"Janet","last_name":"Stephens","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"StephensJanet","display_name":"Janet Stephens","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/StephensJanet?f_ri=395","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4627364/1936253/64913907/s65_janet.stephens.jpeg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_31430226 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="31430226"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 31430226, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_31430226", }); 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Elaborate Roman hairstyles could be created by sewing with needle and thread as fastener. Article examines the nomenclature, literature, artifacts and intellectual history of the topic. Illustrated with hairstyle recreations using real hair.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":51793339,"asset_id":31430226,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":4627364,"first_name":"Janet","last_name":"Stephens","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"StephensJanet","display_name":"Janet Stephens","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/StephensJanet?f_ri=395","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4627364/1936253/64913907/s65_janet.stephens.jpeg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":395,"name":"Experimental Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Experimental_Archaeology?f_ri=395","nofollow":false},{"id":5255,"name":"History of Costume","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Costume?f_ri=395","nofollow":false},{"id":43954,"name":"Textile Technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Textile_Technology?f_ri=395","nofollow":false},{"id":247651,"name":"Cosmetology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cosmetology?f_ri=395","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_36492594" data-work_id="36492594" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/36492594/A_14th_century_Italian_inspired_greenbelt">A 14th century Italian inspired greenbelt</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/36492594" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="3f9647a55bb599bb1230bc953778f66a" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":56411935,"asset_id":36492594,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/56411935/download_file?st=MTczMjQ3Mjc5NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="40782517" href="https://lyondemere.academia.edu/RolfVerberg">Rolf Verberg</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="40782517" type="text/json">{"id":40782517,"first_name":"Rolf","last_name":"Verberg","domain_name":"lyondemere","page_name":"RolfVerberg","display_name":"Rolf Verberg","profile_url":"https://lyondemere.academia.edu/RolfVerberg?f_ri=395","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/40782517/36076866/31037945/s65_rolf.verberg.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_36492594 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="36492594"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 36492594, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_36492594", }); 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Technology (by G. Mumford) UPDATED May 2023.</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">SUMMARY: Chapter 8, in Renfrew & Bahn's textbook (Archaeology: Theories, Methods, and Practice), covers what typically survives, what constitutes an "artifact", interpreting usage, obtaining materials (e.g., quarrying; mining),... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_9529050" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">SUMMARY: Chapter 8, in Renfrew & Bahn's textbook (Archaeology: Theories, Methods, and Practice), covers what typically survives, what constitutes an "artifact", interpreting usage, obtaining materials (e.g., quarrying; mining), transporting materials, installing materials, manufacturing items, identifying function, experimental archaeology, etc., regarding stone, bone, antler, shell, leather, wood, plant, metal, faience, glass, and other materials and diverse artifacts.  In my view, this is one of the best college textbooks available, and is invaluable for students, archaeologists, and the public in general, to obtain a top notch overview of approaching and interpreting the archaeological record.  UPDATED May 2023.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/9529050" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="fea3fcc4bf33fe586471d7b4414f25eb" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":101798319,"asset_id":9529050,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/101798319/download_file?st=MTczMjQ3Mjc5NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="9975751" href="https://ua-birmingham.academia.edu/GregoryMumford">Gregory Mumford</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="9975751" type="text/json">{"id":9975751,"first_name":"Gregory","last_name":"Mumford","domain_name":"ua-birmingham","page_name":"GregoryMumford","display_name":"Gregory Mumford","profile_url":"https://ua-birmingham.academia.edu/GregoryMumford?f_ri=395","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/9975751/5788605/11609699/s65_gregory.mumford.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_9529050 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="9529050"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 9529050, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_9529050", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=9529050]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_9529050").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_9529050").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="9529050"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">62</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="392" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology">Archaeology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="392" type="text/json">{"id":392,"name":"Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology?f_ri=395","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="395" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Experimental_Archaeology">Experimental Archaeology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="395" type="text/json">{"id":395,"name":"Experimental Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Experimental_Archaeology?f_ri=395","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="767" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropology">Anthropology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="767" type="text/json">{"id":767,"name":"Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropology?f_ri=395","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1628" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethnoarchaeology">Ethnoarchaeology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="1628" type="text/json">{"id":1628,"name":"Ethnoarchaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethnoarchaeology?f_ri=395","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=9529050]'), work: {"id":9529050,"title":"Anth.106 Ppt. lecture-11: summary of \u0026 supplement to Renfrew \u0026 Bahn textbook, chp. 8: How did they make and use tools? 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data-work_id="9522687" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/9522687/Anth_106_Ppt_lecture_6_summary_of_and_supplement_to_Renfrew_and_Bahn_textbook_chp_5_How_were_societies_organized_Social_archaeology_by_G_Mumford_UPDATED_Feb_2023">Anth.106 Ppt. lecture-6: summary of & supplement to Renfrew & Bahn textbook, chp. 5: How were societies organized? Social archaeology (by G. Mumford); UPDATED: Feb. 2023.</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">SUMMARY: Chapter 5, in Renfrew & Bahn's textbook (Archaeology: Theories, Methods, and Practice), covers past social organizations, including hunter-gatherer groups (bands), segmentary societies (tribal societies), chiefdoms, and early... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_9522687" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">SUMMARY: Chapter 5, in Renfrew & Bahn's textbook (Archaeology: Theories, Methods, and Practice), covers past social organizations, including hunter-gatherer groups (bands), segmentary societies (tribal societies), chiefdoms, and early state complex societies, with approaches to assessing settlement patterns, interpreting pertinent historical data, ethnoarchaeology, various ways to examine the various types of past social organizations and their variants, and looking at individuals, identity and society, gender and childhood, and other aspects.  Two additional case studies highlighting social organization in Ancient Egypt and Ancient Rome.  In my view, this is one of the best college textbooks available, and is invaluable for students, archaeologists, and the public in general, to obtain a top notch overview of approaching and interpreting the archaeological record.  REVISED: Feb. 2023.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/9522687" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="2186e355d74079726434902f4150e921" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":98502501,"asset_id":9522687,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/98502501/download_file?st=MTczMjQ3Mjc5NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="9975751" href="https://ua-birmingham.academia.edu/GregoryMumford">Gregory Mumford</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="9975751" type="text/json">{"id":9975751,"first_name":"Gregory","last_name":"Mumford","domain_name":"ua-birmingham","page_name":"GregoryMumford","display_name":"Gregory Mumford","profile_url":"https://ua-birmingham.academia.edu/GregoryMumford?f_ri=395","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/9975751/5788605/11609699/s65_gregory.mumford.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_9522687 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="9522687"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 9522687, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_9522687", }); 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Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Central_Place_Theory?f_ri=395"},{"id":430770,"name":"Tribes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tribes?f_ri=395"},{"id":1285834,"name":"Moundville","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Moundville?f_ri=395"},{"id":1313134,"name":"Political Boundary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Boundary?f_ri=395"},{"id":2392719,"name":"Segmentary Societies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Segmentary_Societies?f_ri=395"},{"id":2392728,"name":"Early State Complex Societies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_State_Complex_Societies?f_ri=395"},{"id":2392750,"name":"Site Hierarchy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Site_Hierarchy?f_ri=395"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_7978295" data-work_id="7978295" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/7978295/Effect_of_activation_temperature_on_pore_development_in_activated_carbon_produced_from_palm_cell">Effect of activation temperature on pore development in activated carbon produced from palm cell</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">A series of experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of activation temperature on pore development of activated carbon produced from palm shell. Activation of the samples was carried out at 800, 850 and 900°C for different... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_7978295" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">A series of experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of activation temperature on pore development of activated carbon produced from palm shell. Activation of the samples was carried out at 800, 850 and 900°C for different durations ranging from 10 to 180min. The samples were characterized using N2 adsorption for evaluation of micropores and the mercury intrusion technique for mesopore and macropore analysis. Within the range of activation temperatures studied, high burn-off products derived from high activation temperatures tend to have larger micropore development. However, an increase in the activation temperature has no remarkable effect on mesopore and macropore development. © 2002 Society of Chemical Industry. <br /> <br /><a href="http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/store/10.1002/jctb.712/asset/712_ftp.pdf?v=1&t=hytj8q2o&s=714078f9999ade816b5eb3df8f7774e5c13db2b5" rel="nofollow">http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/store/10.1002/jctb.712/asset/712_ftp.pdf?v=1&t=hytj8q2o&s=714078f9999ade816b5eb3df8f7774e5c13db2b5</a></div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/7978295" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="d922905896ac96f6ab514c7a325c1f4f" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":34447138,"asset_id":7978295,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/34447138/download_file?st=MTczMjQ3Mjc5NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="15105238" href="https://malaya.academia.edu/WanMohdAshriWanDaud">Wan Mohd Ashri Wan Daud</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="15105238" type="text/json">{"id":15105238,"first_name":"Wan Mohd Ashri","last_name":"Wan Daud","domain_name":"malaya","page_name":"WanMohdAshriWanDaud","display_name":"Wan Mohd Ashri Wan Daud","profile_url":"https://malaya.academia.edu/WanMohdAshriWanDaud?f_ri=395","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/15105238/4222326/4914483/s65_wan_mohd_ashri.wan_daud.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_7978295 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="7978295"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 7978295, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_7978295", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=7978295]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_7978295").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_7978295").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="7978295"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">21</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="395" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Experimental_Archaeology">Experimental Archaeology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="395" type="text/json">{"id":395,"name":"Experimental Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Experimental_Archaeology?f_ri=395","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="14989" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Time">Philosophy of Time</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="14989" type="text/json">{"id":14989,"name":"Philosophy of Time","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Time?f_ri=395","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="31893" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Industrial_wastewater_Treatment">Industrial wastewater Treatment</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="31893" type="text/json">{"id":31893,"name":"Industrial wastewater Treatment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Industrial_wastewater_Treatment?f_ri=395","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="34232" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/HIGH_TEMPERATURE_SUPERCONDUCTIVITY">HIGH TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTIVITY</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="34232" type="text/json">{"id":34232,"name":"HIGH TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTIVITY","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/HIGH_TEMPERATURE_SUPERCONDUCTIVITY?f_ri=395","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=7978295]'), work: {"id":7978295,"title":"Effect of activation temperature on pore development in activated carbon produced from palm cell","created_at":"2014-08-14T19:11:46.205-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/7978295/Effect_of_activation_temperature_on_pore_development_in_activated_carbon_produced_from_palm_cell?f_ri=395","dom_id":"work_7978295","summary":"A series of experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of activation temperature on pore development of activated carbon produced from palm shell. Activation of the samples was carried out at 800, 850 and 900°C for different durations ranging from 10 to 180min. The samples were characterized using N2 adsorption for evaluation of micropores and the mercury intrusion technique for mesopore and macropore analysis. Within the range of activation temperatures studied, high burn-off products derived from high activation temperatures tend to have larger micropore development. However, an increase in the activation temperature has no remarkable effect on mesopore and macropore development. © 2002 Society of Chemical Industry.\r\n\r\nhttp://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/store/10.1002/jctb.712/asset/712_ftp.pdf?v=1\u0026t=hytj8q2o\u0026s=714078f9999ade816b5eb3df8f7774e5c13db2b5 ","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":34447138,"asset_id":7978295,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":15105238,"first_name":"Wan Mohd Ashri","last_name":"Wan Daud","domain_name":"malaya","page_name":"WanMohdAshriWanDaud","display_name":"Wan Mohd Ashri Wan Daud","profile_url":"https://malaya.academia.edu/WanMohdAshriWanDaud?f_ri=395","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/15105238/4222326/4914483/s65_wan_mohd_ashri.wan_daud.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":395,"name":"Experimental Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Experimental_Archaeology?f_ri=395","nofollow":false},{"id":14989,"name":"Philosophy of Time","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Time?f_ri=395","nofollow":false},{"id":31893,"name":"Industrial wastewater Treatment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Industrial_wastewater_Treatment?f_ri=395","nofollow":false},{"id":34232,"name":"HIGH TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTIVITY","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/HIGH_TEMPERATURE_SUPERCONDUCTIVITY?f_ri=395","nofollow":false},{"id":43307,"name":"Oil Industry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Oil_Industry?f_ri=395"},{"id":62537,"name":"Porosity and Permeability in Reservoirs","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Porosity_and_Permeability_in_Reservoirs?f_ri=395"},{"id":77006,"name":"CHEMICAL REACTION ENGINEERING-OCTAVE LEVENSPIEL","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/CHEMICAL_REACTION_ENGINEERING-OCTAVE_LEVENSPIEL?f_ri=395"},{"id":113095,"name":"Adsorption and wastewater treatment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adsorption_and_wastewater_treatment?f_ri=395"},{"id":133177,"name":"Temperature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Temperature?f_ri=395"},{"id":139774,"name":"Biological Nitrogen Fixation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Nitrogen_Fixation?f_ri=395"},{"id":168891,"name":"Chemical Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemical_Analysis?f_ri=395"},{"id":169415,"name":"Article","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Article?f_ri=395"},{"id":172270,"name":"Neutron Activation Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neutron_Activation_Analysis?f_ri=395"},{"id":173897,"name":"Mesoporous Materials","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mesoporous_Materials?f_ri=395"},{"id":425968,"name":"Independent-Sample T-Test","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Independent-Sample_T-Test?f_ri=395"},{"id":466389,"name":"Palm Shell","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Palm_Shell?f_ri=395"},{"id":546352,"name":"Controlled Study","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Controlled_Study?f_ri=395"},{"id":1175972,"name":"Assessing the Effectiveness of Waste Water Treatment Plants In the Removal of Heavy Metal Mercury and Lead","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Assessing_the_Effectiveness_of_Waste_Water_Treatment_Plants_In_the_Removal_of_Heavy_Metal_Mercury_an?f_ri=395"},{"id":1491507,"name":"Pore development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pore_development?f_ri=395"},{"id":1491562,"name":"Journal of Chemical Technology \u0026 Biotechnology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Journal_of_Chemical_Technology_and_Biotechnology?f_ri=395"},{"id":1491563,"name":"Activation temperature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Activation_temperature?f_ri=395"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_44026820 coauthored" data-work_id="44026820" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/44026820/To_fish_or_not_to_fish_Fish_processing_at_Iron_Gates_an_experimental_approach">To fish or not to fish? Fish processing at Iron Gates: an experimental approach</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/44026820" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="3c7251628ec86d9a3b53cf3608203d6b" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":64363772,"asset_id":44026820,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/64363772/download_file?st=MTczMjQ3Mjc5NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="3598446" href="https://bg.academia.edu/An%C4%91aPetrovi%C4%87">Anđa Petrović</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="3598446" type="text/json">{"id":3598446,"first_name":"Anđa","last_name":"Petrović","domain_name":"bg","page_name":"AnđaPetrović","display_name":"Anđa Petrović","profile_url":"https://bg.academia.edu/An%C4%91aPetrovi%C4%87?f_ri=395","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3598446/1254457/38042528/s65_an_a.petrovi_.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-44026820">+2</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-44026820"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://uniroma1.academia.edu/cristinalemorini">cristina lemorini</a></span></div><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://ffns.academia.edu/Ivana%C5%BDivaljevi%C4%87">Ivana Živaljević</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-44026820'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-44026820').html(); 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container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_44026820 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="44026820"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 44026820; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=44026820]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_44026820").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_44026820").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="44026820"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">9</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="395" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Experimental_Archaeology">Experimental Archaeology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="395" type="text/json">{"id":395,"name":"Experimental Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Experimental_Archaeology?f_ri=395","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="15328" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Use_Wear_Analysis">Use Wear Analysis</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="15328" type="text/json">{"id":15328,"name":"Use Wear Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Use_Wear_Analysis?f_ri=395","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="41906" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neolithic">Neolithic</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="41906" type="text/json">{"id":41906,"name":"Neolithic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neolithic?f_ri=395","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="42758" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mesolithic">Mesolithic</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="42758" type="text/json">{"id":42758,"name":"Mesolithic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mesolithic?f_ri=395","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=44026820]'), work: {"id":44026820,"title":"To fish or not to fish? Fish processing at Iron Gates: an experimental approach","created_at":"2020-09-06T03:35:49.055-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/44026820/To_fish_or_not_to_fish_Fish_processing_at_Iron_Gates_an_experimental_approach?f_ri=395","dom_id":"work_44026820","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":64363772,"asset_id":44026820,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":3598446,"first_name":"Anđa","last_name":"Petrović","domain_name":"bg","page_name":"AnđaPetrović","display_name":"Anđa Petrović","profile_url":"https://bg.academia.edu/An%C4%91aPetrovi%C4%87?f_ri=395","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3598446/1254457/38042528/s65_an_a.petrovi_.jpg"},{"id":9188769,"first_name":"cristina","last_name":"lemorini","domain_name":"uniroma1","page_name":"cristinalemorini","display_name":"cristina lemorini","profile_url":"https://uniroma1.academia.edu/cristinalemorini?f_ri=395","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/9188769/2963139/3473988/s65_cristina.lemorini.jpg"},{"id":447150,"first_name":"Ivana","last_name":"Živaljević","domain_name":"ffns","page_name":"IvanaŽivaljević","display_name":"Ivana Živaljević","profile_url":"https://ffns.academia.edu/Ivana%C5%BDivaljevi%C4%87?f_ri=395","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/447150/144838/51882685/s65_ivana._ivaljevi_.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":395,"name":"Experimental Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Experimental_Archaeology?f_ri=395","nofollow":false},{"id":15328,"name":"Use Wear Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Use_Wear_Analysis?f_ri=395","nofollow":false},{"id":41906,"name":"Neolithic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neolithic?f_ri=395","nofollow":false},{"id":42758,"name":"Mesolithic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mesolithic?f_ri=395","nofollow":false},{"id":54670,"name":"FTIR","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/FTIR?f_ri=395"},{"id":143998,"name":"Fish processing Technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fish_processing_Technology?f_ri=395"},{"id":253498,"name":"Iron Gates","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Iron_Gates?f_ri=395"},{"id":350570,"name":"Chipped Stone Artefacts","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chipped_Stone_Artefacts?f_ri=395"},{"id":627923,"name":"Danube Gorges","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Danube_Gorges?f_ri=395"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_41142716" data-work_id="41142716" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/41142716/Strengthening_the_inferential_link_between_cutmark_frequency_data_and_Oldowan_hominid_behavior_results_from_modern_butchery_experiments">Strengthening the inferential link between cutmark frequency data and Oldowan hominid behavior: results from modern butchery experiments</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Cutmark frequencies are often cited in discussions of Oldowan hominid behavior, yet their interpretation remains enigmatic. To strengthen inferences derived from cutmark data, we conducted experiments with Turkana butchers. We test two... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_41142716" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Cutmark frequencies are often cited in discussions of Oldowan hominid behavior, yet their interpretation remains enigmatic. To strengthen inferences derived from cutmark data, we conducted experiments with Turkana butchers. We test two hypotheses: (1) cutmark frequency is related to the amount of meat present, and (2) cutmark frequency is related to the size of the bone/carcass being butchered. Hypothesis 1 is not supported, while hypothesis 2 is supported. We document a positive correlation between bone/carcass size and cutmark frequency. We therefore advocate treating bones/ carcasses of different sizes as analytically discrete units.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/41142716" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="5516bff43bc49b712eabeeb62587a0e3" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":61389666,"asset_id":41142716,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/61389666/download_file?st=MTczMjQ3Mjc5NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="137481058" href="https://si.academia.edu/BrianaPobiner">Briana Pobiner</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="137481058" type="text/json">{"id":137481058,"first_name":"Briana","last_name":"Pobiner","domain_name":"si","page_name":"BrianaPobiner","display_name":"Briana Pobiner","profile_url":"https://si.academia.edu/BrianaPobiner?f_ri=395","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/137481058/36653501/31307173/s65_briana.pobiner.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_41142716 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="41142716"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 41142716, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_41142716", }); 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We therefore advocate treating bones/ carcasses of different sizes as analytically discrete units.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":61389666,"asset_id":41142716,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":137481058,"first_name":"Briana","last_name":"Pobiner","domain_name":"si","page_name":"BrianaPobiner","display_name":"Briana Pobiner","profile_url":"https://si.academia.edu/BrianaPobiner?f_ri=395","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/137481058/36653501/31307173/s65_briana.pobiner.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":395,"name":"Experimental Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Experimental_Archaeology?f_ri=395","nofollow":false},{"id":1624,"name":"Zooarchaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zooarchaeology?f_ri=395","nofollow":false},{"id":15780,"name":"Taphonomy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Taphonomy?f_ri=395","nofollow":false},{"id":28121,"name":"Oldowan","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Oldowan?f_ri=395","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_11643150 coauthored" data-work_id="11643150" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/11643150/From_the_Ground_Up_engineering_Irish_early_neolithic_houses">From the Ground Up - engineering Irish early neolithic houses </a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">Insights into the architecture and construction techniques of Irish early neolithic houses in the light of experimental rebuilds in the Irish National Heritage Park, Co. Wexford, Ireland.</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/11643150" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="6eb8423659eaa1d46f8d9da0f981fd54" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":37105040,"asset_id":11643150,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/37105040/download_file?st=MTczMjQ3Mjc5NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1907257" href="https://independent.academia.edu/RonanOFlaherty">Ronan O'Flaherty</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1907257" type="text/json">{"id":1907257,"first_name":"Ronan","last_name":"O'Flaherty","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"RonanOFlaherty","display_name":"Ronan O'Flaherty","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/RonanOFlaherty?f_ri=395","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1907257/2446453/2844162/s65_ronan.o_flaherty.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-11643150">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-11643150"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://ucd.academia.edu/JessicaSmyth">Jessica Smyth</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-11643150'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-11643150').html(); 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container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_11643150 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="11643150"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 11643150; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=11643150]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_11643150").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_11643150").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="11643150"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">2</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="395" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Experimental_Archaeology">Experimental Archaeology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="395" type="text/json">{"id":395,"name":"Experimental Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Experimental_Archaeology?f_ri=395","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="11199" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neolithic_Archaeology">Neolithic Archaeology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="11199" type="text/json">{"id":11199,"name":"Neolithic Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neolithic_Archaeology?f_ri=395","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=11643150]'), work: {"id":11643150,"title":"From the Ground Up - engineering Irish early neolithic houses ","created_at":"2015-03-24T16:05:53.716-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/11643150/From_the_Ground_Up_engineering_Irish_early_neolithic_houses?f_ri=395","dom_id":"work_11643150","summary":"Insights into the architecture and construction techniques of Irish early neolithic houses in the light of experimental rebuilds in the Irish National Heritage Park, Co. Wexford, Ireland.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":37105040,"asset_id":11643150,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1907257,"first_name":"Ronan","last_name":"O'Flaherty","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"RonanOFlaherty","display_name":"Ronan O'Flaherty","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/RonanOFlaherty?f_ri=395","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1907257/2446453/2844162/s65_ronan.o_flaherty.jpg"},{"id":1383304,"first_name":"Jessica","last_name":"Smyth","domain_name":"ucd","page_name":"JessicaSmyth","display_name":"Jessica Smyth","profile_url":"https://ucd.academia.edu/JessicaSmyth?f_ri=395","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1383304/653344/809777/s65_jessica.smyth.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":395,"name":"Experimental Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Experimental_Archaeology?f_ri=395","nofollow":false},{"id":11199,"name":"Neolithic Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neolithic_Archaeology?f_ri=395","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_650657 coauthored" data-work_id="650657" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/650657/Shooting_Out_The_Slate_Working_With_Flaked_Arrowheads_Made_On_Thin_Layered_Rocks">Shooting Out The Slate: Working With Flaked Arrowheads Made On Thin-Layered Rocks</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Abstract Although there are many archaeological and ethnographic evidences for the use of slate and similar rocks for flaking purpose, they raised little interest among specialists, leading to a general ignorance of specific problems... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_650657" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Abstract Although there are many archaeological and ethnographic evidences for the use of slate and similar rocks for flaking purpose, they raised little interest among specialists, leading to a general ignorance of specific problems associated with these raw materials. ...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/650657" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" 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Dies diente zur Erlangung reproduzierbarer Daten, um mittelfristig Fragen zu Herstellung,... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_12922130" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">In der rekonstruierten Küche der Villa Borg wurden Experimente unter Feldbedingungen zur (Re-)Produktion römischen Getreidebreis durchgeführt. Dies diente zur Erlangung reproduzierbarer Daten, um mittelfristig Fragen zu Herstellung, Eigenschaften,Verwertbarkeit und Nährwert römischen Getreidebreis formulieren zu können. Die Experimente wurden durch eine Posterausstellung begleitet.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/12922130" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="5ca74e5e01f26900ce1c1255075a4b25" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":37882495,"asset_id":12922130,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/37882495/download_file?st=MTczMjQ3Mjc5NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="2637887" href="https://ktn.academia.edu/DominikHagmann">Dominik Hagmann</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="2637887" type="text/json">{"id":2637887,"first_name":"Dominik","last_name":"Hagmann","domain_name":"ktn","page_name":"DominikHagmann","display_name":"Dominik Hagmann","profile_url":"https://ktn.academia.edu/DominikHagmann?f_ri=395","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2637887/919591/19539334/s65_dominik.hagmann.png"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-12922130">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-12922130"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/AlarichLangendorf">Alarich Langendorf</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-12922130'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-12922130').html(); 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Dies diente zur Erlangung reproduzierbarer Daten, um mittelfristig Fragen zu Herstellung, Eigenschaften,Verwertbarkeit und Nährwert römischen Getreidebreis formulieren zu können. 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para comprender: Tecnología del Paleolítico (2009)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">Documental sobre la evolución de las técnicas de fabricación de los útiles más representativos del Paleolítico y para qué se empleaban.</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/42610316" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="39eb3ebbaeb641a6b8e3d4bd1292c167" rel="nofollow" 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Schichten. Angehörige der Oberschicht legten Wert auf teure Weine und aufwändig zubereitete Gerichte, die unteren Bevölkerungsschichten waren... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_12922023" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Im Römischen Reich gab es große Unterschiede im Ernährungsverhalten der verschiedenen sozialen Schichten. Angehörige der Oberschicht legten Wert auf teure Weine und aufwändig zubereitete Gerichte, die unteren Bevölkerungsschichten waren auf einfache Nahrungsmittel angewiesen.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/12922023" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="a52e048cc2637763a06bd82a02b62390" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":37882423,"asset_id":12922023,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/37882423/download_file?st=MTczMjQ3Mjc5NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="2637887" href="https://ktn.academia.edu/DominikHagmann">Dominik Hagmann</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="2637887" type="text/json">{"id":2637887,"first_name":"Dominik","last_name":"Hagmann","domain_name":"ktn","page_name":"DominikHagmann","display_name":"Dominik Hagmann","profile_url":"https://ktn.academia.edu/DominikHagmann?f_ri=395","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2637887/919591/19539334/s65_dominik.hagmann.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_12922023 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="12922023"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 12922023, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_12922023", }); 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Angehörige der Oberschicht legten Wert auf teure Weine und aufwändig zubereitete Gerichte, die unteren Bevölkerungsschichten waren auf einfache Nahrungsmittel angewiesen.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":37882423,"asset_id":12922023,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":2637887,"first_name":"Dominik","last_name":"Hagmann","domain_name":"ktn","page_name":"DominikHagmann","display_name":"Dominik Hagmann","profile_url":"https://ktn.academia.edu/DominikHagmann?f_ri=395","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2637887/919591/19539334/s65_dominik.hagmann.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":393,"name":"Classical Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Classical_Archaeology?f_ri=395","nofollow":false},{"id":395,"name":"Experimental Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Experimental_Archaeology?f_ri=395","nofollow":false},{"id":5082,"name":"Poster 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href="https://www.academia.edu/1662242/Barley_Malt_and_Ale_in_the_Neolithic_Near_East_10_000_5000_BC">Barley Malt and Ale in the Neolithic Near East 10,000 -5000 BC</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/1662242" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="324433fc2263d5a451ca697abb3edb9c" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":640008,"asset_id":1662242,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen 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Transition","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neolithic_Transition?f_ri=395"},{"id":34817,"name":"Prehistory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prehistory?f_ri=395"},{"id":143050,"name":"Neolithic revolution,Near east,settlement,beginnings of agriculture, farming,domestication,population","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neolithic_revolution_Near_east_settlement_beginnings_of_agriculture_farming_domestication_populatio?f_ri=395"},{"id":214745,"name":"Malt, Maltsters and Malting","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Malt_Maltsters_and_Malting?f_ri=395"},{"id":409582,"name":"Neolithic cultures","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neolithic_cultures?f_ri=395"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_40708824" data-work_id="40708824" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div 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materials and techniques of fresco wall-paintings, In Souyoudzoglou-Haywood, Christina, O'Sullivan, Aidan, (Eds.), Experimental Archaeology: Making, Understanding, Story-telling, Proceedings of a Workshop in Experimental Archaeology, Irish Institute of Hellenic Studies at Athens with UCD Centre for Experimental Archaeology and Material Culture, Dublin, Athens, 14th-15th October 2017, Oxford: Archaeopress Archaeology, pp. 93-105.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/40708824" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="80644235b8e086a8eaf9a0a8d12dc650" rel="nofollow" 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type="text/json">{"id":5081,"name":"Painting","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Painting?f_ri=395","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="64148" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fresco">Fresco</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="64148" type="text/json">{"id":64148,"name":"Fresco","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fresco?f_ri=395","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=40708824]'), work: {"id":40708824,"title":"Experimental archaeology and the investigation of the methods, materials and techniques of fresco wall-paintings","created_at":"2019-10-23T05:29:14.235-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/40708824/Experimental_archaeology_and_the_investigation_of_the_methods_materials_and_techniques_of_fresco_wall_paintings?f_ri=395","dom_id":"work_40708824","summary":"Experimental archaeology and the investigation of 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Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Experimental_Archaeology?f_ri=395","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3790" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anatolian_Archaeology">Anatolian Archaeology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3790" type="text/json">{"id":3790,"name":"Anatolian Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anatolian_Archaeology?f_ri=395","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="10867" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fire">Fire</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="10867" type="text/json">{"id":10867,"name":"Fire","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fire?f_ri=395","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=1575367]'), work: {"id":1575367,"title":"The Experimental Firing of a Neolithic Oven (Çatalhöyük, 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data-card-contents-for-ri="92" type="text/json">{"id":92,"name":"Naval Architecture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Naval_Architecture?f_ri=395","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="395" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Experimental_Archaeology">Experimental Archaeology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="395" type="text/json">{"id":395,"name":"Experimental Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Experimental_Archaeology?f_ri=395","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="31798" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wood_Archaeology_">Wood (Archaeology)</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="31798" type="text/json">{"id":31798,"name":"Wood (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wood_Archaeology_?f_ri=395","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: 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Architecture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Naval_Architecture?f_ri=395","nofollow":false},{"id":395,"name":"Experimental Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Experimental_Archaeology?f_ri=395","nofollow":false},{"id":31798,"name":"Wood (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wood_Archaeology_?f_ri=395","nofollow":false},{"id":48073,"name":"Gallo-roman archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gallo-roman_archaeology?f_ri=395"},{"id":847585,"name":"Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Naval_Architecture_and_Marine_Engineering?f_ri=395"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_45648625 coauthored" data-work_id="45648625" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/45648625/Late_prehistoric_copper_smelting_in_the_Lao_PDR_Experimental_reconstruction_based_on_the_Vilabouly_Complex_evidence">Late prehistoric copper smelting in the Lao PDR: Experimental reconstruction based on the Vilabouly Complex evidence</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Field experiments in copper smelting were carried out in order to test assumptions about the copper production processes employed at the Vilabouly Complex (VC), an Iron Age extraction and production site in central Laos. VC is one of only... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_45648625" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Field experiments in copper smelting were carried out in order to test assumptions about the copper production processes employed at the Vilabouly Complex (VC), an Iron Age extraction and production site in central Laos. VC is one of only three primary production sites known in Southeast Asia and appears to be a major copper production and mining locale. Analytical results on the VC assemblage (ores, crucibles, slag fragments and copper alloy objects), along with the geological information, allowed us to generate hypotheses on the smelting process. The identificationof macroscopic layers of matte associated with copper suggests the introduction of sulfidicores during the process. Co-smelting with carbonate ores (likely malachite) and a secondary copper sulfide,chalcocite (Cu2S), seemed to be most likely. Therefore, experimental reconstructions were performed to test this co-smelting of malachite with chalcocite in a one step-process using crucibles based on the archaeo-logical examples as reaction vessels. The experiments produced matte, of different compositions according to the charge used, along with metallic copper and slag. The ratio (1:1) of malachite/chalcocite resulted in products comparable to the Vilabouly Complex evidence and thus strengthens the hypothesis.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/45648625" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="487803acd81a61e585a40ff615142827" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":66146374,"asset_id":45648625,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/66146374/download_file?st=MTczMjQ3Mjc5NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="74782765" href="https://sinica.academia.edu/Melissacadet">Melissa cadet</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="74782765" type="text/json">{"id":74782765,"first_name":"Melissa","last_name":"cadet","domain_name":"sinica","page_name":"Melissacadet","display_name":"Melissa cadet","profile_url":"https://sinica.academia.edu/Melissacadet?f_ri=395","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/74782765/24716075/23577090/s65_melissa.cadet.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-45648625">+2</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-45648625"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://cnrs.academia.edu/FlorianTereygeol">Florian Tereygeol</a></span></div><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/ThomasOliverPryce">Thomas Oliver Pryce</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-45648625'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-45648625').html(); 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VC is one of only three primary production sites known in Southeast Asia and appears to be a major copper production and mining locale. Analytical results on the VC assemblage (ores, crucibles, slag fragments and copper alloy objects), along with the geological information, allowed us to generate hypotheses on the smelting process. The identificationof macroscopic layers of matte associated with copper suggests the introduction of sulfidicores during the process. Co-smelting with carbonate ores (likely malachite) and a secondary copper sulfide,chalcocite (Cu2S), seemed to be most likely. Therefore, experimental reconstructions were performed to test this co-smelting of malachite with chalcocite in a one step-process using crucibles based on the archaeo-logical examples as reaction vessels. The experiments produced matte, of different compositions according to the charge used, along with metallic copper and slag. The ratio (1:1) of malachite/chalcocite resulted in products comparable to the Vilabouly Complex evidence and thus strengthens the hypothesis. ","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":66146374,"asset_id":45648625,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":74782765,"first_name":"Melissa","last_name":"cadet","domain_name":"sinica","page_name":"Melissacadet","display_name":"Melissa cadet","profile_url":"https://sinica.academia.edu/Melissacadet?f_ri=395","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/74782765/24716075/23577090/s65_melissa.cadet.jpg"},{"id":26445665,"first_name":"Florian","last_name":"Tereygeol","domain_name":"cnrs","page_name":"FlorianTereygeol","display_name":"Florian Tereygeol","profile_url":"https://cnrs.academia.edu/FlorianTereygeol?f_ri=395","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/26445665/7336054/8249768/s65_florian.tereygeol.jpg"},{"id":182426781,"first_name":"Thomas Oliver","last_name":"Pryce","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ThomasOliverPryce","display_name":"Thomas Oliver 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(Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bone_Technology_Archaeology_?f_ri=395","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="53455" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Footwear_and_Leather_Garments_and_Industries">Footwear and Leather Garments and Industries</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="53455" type="text/json">{"id":53455,"name":"Footwear and Leather Garments and Industries","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Footwear_and_Leather_Garments_and_Industries?f_ri=395","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=44349317]'), work: {"id":44349317,"title":"Ahle versus Nadel: Experimente zum Nähen von Fell und Leder während der 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Experimental results and prehistoric examples</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/4809979" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="93ef9789e9abac1d8de33ef239351a93" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":32102523,"asset_id":4809979,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/32102523/download_file?st=MTczMjQ3Mjc5NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="3976608" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AndersFischer">Anders Fischer</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="3976608" type="text/json">{"id":3976608,"first_name":"Anders","last_name":"Fischer","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AndersFischer","display_name":"Anders Fischer","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AndersFischer?f_ri=395","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3976608/1498472/19148953/s65_anders.fischer.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_4809979 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="4809979"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 4809979, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_4809979", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=4809979]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_4809979").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_4809979").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="4809979"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">9</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="395" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Experimental_Archaeology">Experimental Archaeology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="395" type="text/json">{"id":395,"name":"Experimental Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Experimental_Archaeology?f_ri=395","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4548" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Palaeolithic_Archaeology">Palaeolithic Archaeology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4548" type="text/json">{"id":4548,"name":"Palaeolithic Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Palaeolithic_Archaeology?f_ri=395","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4997" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mesolithic_Archaeology">Mesolithic Archaeology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4997" type="text/json">{"id":4997,"name":"Mesolithic Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mesolithic_Archaeology?f_ri=395","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="11199" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neolithic_Archaeology">Neolithic Archaeology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="11199" type="text/json">{"id":11199,"name":"Neolithic Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neolithic_Archaeology?f_ri=395","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=4809979]'), work: {"id":4809979,"title":"Macro and micro wear traces on lithic projectile points. Experimental results and prehistoric examples","created_at":"2013-10-18T02:42:53.112-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/4809979/Macro_and_micro_wear_traces_on_lithic_projectile_points_Experimental_results_and_prehistoric_examples?f_ri=395","dom_id":"work_4809979","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":32102523,"asset_id":4809979,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":3976608,"first_name":"Anders","last_name":"Fischer","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AndersFischer","display_name":"Anders Fischer","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AndersFischer?f_ri=395","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3976608/1498472/19148953/s65_anders.fischer.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":395,"name":"Experimental Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Experimental_Archaeology?f_ri=395","nofollow":false},{"id":4548,"name":"Palaeolithic Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Palaeolithic_Archaeology?f_ri=395","nofollow":false},{"id":4997,"name":"Mesolithic Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mesolithic_Archaeology?f_ri=395","nofollow":false},{"id":11199,"name":"Neolithic Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neolithic_Archaeology?f_ri=395","nofollow":false},{"id":15328,"name":"Use Wear Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Use_Wear_Analysis?f_ri=395"},{"id":29226,"name":"Archaeology of Hunting","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology_of_Hunting?f_ri=395"},{"id":47420,"name":"Scandinavian Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Scandinavian_Archaeology?f_ri=395"},{"id":80289,"name":"Bow Archery Technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bow_Archery_Technology?f_ri=395"},{"id":183211,"name":"Experimental Archaeology x Lithics x Lithic Technology x Quartz industries x Typology x Archaeology x Archaeometry x Archaeological Method \u0026 Theory x Archaeological Science x Statistical Methods in Archaeology x","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Experimental_Archaeology_x_Lithics_x_Lithic_Technology_x_Quartz_industries_x_Typology_x_Archaeology_?f_ri=395"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_44128601" data-work_id="44128601" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/44128601/Bellorado_2007_MA_Thesis_Breaking_Down_the_Models_Reconstructing_Prehistoric_Subsistence_Agriculture_in_the_Durango_District_of_Southwestern_Colorado">Bellorado 2007 MA Thesis-Breaking Down the Models: Reconstructing Prehistoric Subsistence Agriculture in the Durango District of Southwestern Colorado</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This thesis investigates the interrelationships between settlement distributions, maize agricultural subsistence, and fluctuations in prehistoric climate in the Durango District of southwestern Colorado between A.D. 650-840, also known as... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_44128601" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This thesis investigates the interrelationships between settlement distributions, maize agricultural subsistence, and fluctuations in prehistoric climate in the Durango District of southwestern Colorado between A.D. 650-840, also known as the Basketmaker-III/Pueblo-I period. Previous research in the area indicates that large groups of people migrated into the Durango area around A.D. 760, altering age old settlement patterns and establishing some of the earliest villages in the northern Southwest. My focus is to further understandings of the complex interrelationships between settlement patterns and maize agricultural systems and to determine what role agriculture played in the development of these early villages. <br />Throughout this thesis, I investigate why Basketmaker-III/Pueblo-I peoples chose to live in dispersed or clustered settlement patterns from approximately A.D. 650-840 in the Durango area. This thesis integrates experimentation with dry land and ak’chin farming techniques, excavation and survey data, analysis of Basketmaker-III and Pueblo-I site distributions, modern and paleoclimatic reconstructions, prime agricultural soil and cold air drainage distributions, and aerial photography. I conducted fine-scale research of the agricultural potential around two prehistoric case study communities in the Durango District and then extrapolated my findings onto other communities in the larger area. Finally, I integrate these data into a conceptual model that can aid and direct future research into the prehistoric agroecological and anthropogenic landscapes of the Durango area.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/44128601" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="4c490d6afdd2a7593ad7dcb9376beb7a" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":64479421,"asset_id":44128601,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/64479421/download_file?st=MTczMjQ3Mjc5NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="30401197" href="https://arizona.academia.edu/BenjaminAaronBellorado">Benjamin Aaron Bellorado</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="30401197" type="text/json">{"id":30401197,"first_name":"Benjamin Aaron","last_name":"Bellorado","domain_name":"arizona","page_name":"BenjaminAaronBellorado","display_name":"Benjamin Aaron Bellorado","profile_url":"https://arizona.academia.edu/BenjaminAaronBellorado?f_ri=395","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/30401197/12376509/13776886/s65_benjamin_aaron.bellorado.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_44128601 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="44128601"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 44128601, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_44128601", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_44128601 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 44128601; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_44128601"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_44128601 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="44128601"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 44128601; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=44128601]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_44128601").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_44128601").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="44128601"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">13</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="395" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Experimental_Archaeology">Experimental Archaeology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="395" type="text/json">{"id":395,"name":"Experimental Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Experimental_Archaeology?f_ri=395","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3530" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sustainable_agriculture">Sustainable agriculture</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3530" type="text/json">{"id":3530,"name":"Sustainable agriculture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sustainable_agriculture?f_ri=395","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5063" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Settlement_Patterns">Settlement Patterns</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5063" type="text/json">{"id":5063,"name":"Settlement Patterns","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Settlement_Patterns?f_ri=395","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="16723" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Climate_Change_Adaptation_And_Mitigation_Strategies">Climate Change Adaptation And Mitigation Strategies</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="16723" type="text/json">{"id":16723,"name":"Climate Change Adaptation And Mitigation Strategies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Climate_Change_Adaptation_And_Mitigation_Strategies?f_ri=395","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=44128601]'), work: {"id":44128601,"title":"Bellorado 2007 MA Thesis-Breaking Down the Models: Reconstructing Prehistoric Subsistence Agriculture in the Durango District of Southwestern Colorado","created_at":"2020-09-20T16:44:44.928-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/44128601/Bellorado_2007_MA_Thesis_Breaking_Down_the_Models_Reconstructing_Prehistoric_Subsistence_Agriculture_in_the_Durango_District_of_Southwestern_Colorado?f_ri=395","dom_id":"work_44128601","summary":"This thesis investigates the interrelationships between settlement distributions, maize agricultural subsistence, and fluctuations in prehistoric climate in the Durango District of southwestern Colorado between A.D. 650-840, also known as the Basketmaker-III/Pueblo-I period. Previous research in the area indicates that large groups of people migrated into the Durango area around A.D. 760, altering age old settlement patterns and establishing some of the earliest villages in the northern Southwest. My focus is to further understandings of the complex interrelationships between settlement patterns and maize agricultural systems and to determine what role agriculture played in the development of these early villages. \nThroughout this thesis, I investigate why Basketmaker-III/Pueblo-I peoples chose to live in dispersed or clustered settlement patterns from approximately A.D. 650-840 in the Durango area. This thesis integrates experimentation with dry land and ak’chin farming techniques, excavation and survey data, analysis of Basketmaker-III and Pueblo-I site distributions, modern and paleoclimatic reconstructions, prime agricultural soil and cold air drainage distributions, and aerial photography. I conducted fine-scale research of the agricultural potential around two prehistoric case study communities in the Durango District and then extrapolated my findings onto other communities in the larger area. Finally, I integrate these data into a conceptual model that can aid and direct future research into the prehistoric agroecological and anthropogenic landscapes of the Durango area. \n","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":64479421,"asset_id":44128601,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":30401197,"first_name":"Benjamin Aaron","last_name":"Bellorado","domain_name":"arizona","page_name":"BenjaminAaronBellorado","display_name":"Benjamin Aaron Bellorado","profile_url":"https://arizona.academia.edu/BenjaminAaronBellorado?f_ri=395","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/30401197/12376509/13776886/s65_benjamin_aaron.bellorado.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":395,"name":"Experimental Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Experimental_Archaeology?f_ri=395","nofollow":false},{"id":3530,"name":"Sustainable agriculture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sustainable_agriculture?f_ri=395","nofollow":false},{"id":5063,"name":"Settlement Patterns","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Settlement_Patterns?f_ri=395","nofollow":false},{"id":16723,"name":"Climate Change Adaptation And Mitigation Strategies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Climate_Change_Adaptation_And_Mitigation_Strategies?f_ri=395","nofollow":false},{"id":33883,"name":"Ancestral Pueblo (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancestral_Pueblo_Archaeology_?f_ri=395"},{"id":84384,"name":"Maize","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maize?f_ri=395"},{"id":87102,"name":"Tree Ring, Dendrochronology, Climate Change","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tree_Ring_Dendrochronology_Climate_Change?f_ri=395"},{"id":254567,"name":"Climate Reconstruction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Climate_Reconstruction?f_ri=395"},{"id":311593,"name":"Dryland Agriculture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dryland_Agriculture?f_ri=395"},{"id":358360,"name":"Settlement Ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Settlement_Ecology?f_ri=395"},{"id":1004985,"name":"Early Villages","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Villages?f_ri=395"},{"id":1185498,"name":"Climage Change","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Climage_Change?f_ri=395"},{"id":1208903,"name":"Experimental agriculture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Experimental_agriculture?f_ri=395"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_4792281" data-work_id="4792281" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/4792281/Pipe_Manufacture_on_the_Plains_and_Experimental_Archaeology_Not_Just_Blowing_Smoke">Pipe Manufacture on the Plains and Experimental Archaeology: Not Just Blowing Smoke</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Several types of smoking pipes have been manufactured and used by native North American peoples throughout later prehistoric and historic times. Although substantial information exists on the styles of these pipes, very little is known... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_4792281" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Several types of smoking pipes have been manufactured and used by native North American peoples throughout later prehistoric and historic times. Although substantial information exists on the styles of these pipes, very little is known about their methods of manufacture. This paper examines one particular style of pipe, the Florence Pipe, associated with the proto-Wichita Great Bend peoples. A block of Minnesota pipestone was manufactured into a pipe using stone tools replicated after those found in the Robb Collection from central Kansas. This archaeological assemblage was proposed to have been used in the manufacture of Florence pipes, which was confirmed through use-wear analysis of the collection. The steps and labor requirements for the creation of Florence pipes are illuminated in this paper in a way that cannot be accomplished through archaeological analysis and use-wear analysis alone.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/4792281" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="f47b119d9a1afb0e058e4310b0c3353a" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":32093903,"asset_id":4792281,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/32093903/download_file?st=MTczMjQ3Mjc5NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="2181588" href="https://missouri.academia.edu/TimothyLambertLawdeLauriston">Timothy Lambert-Law de Lauriston</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="2181588" type="text/json">{"id":2181588,"first_name":"Timothy","last_name":"Lambert-Law de Lauriston","domain_name":"missouri","page_name":"TimothyLambertLawdeLauriston","display_name":"Timothy Lambert-Law de Lauriston","profile_url":"https://missouri.academia.edu/TimothyLambertLawdeLauriston?f_ri=395","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2181588/2553410/11416000/s65_timothy.lambert-law_de_lauriston.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_4792281 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="4792281"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 4792281, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_4792281", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_4792281 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 4792281; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_4792281"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_4792281 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="4792281"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 4792281; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=4792281]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_4792281").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_4792281").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="4792281"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">8</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="395" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Experimental_Archaeology">Experimental Archaeology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="395" type="text/json">{"id":395,"name":"Experimental Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Experimental_Archaeology?f_ri=395","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="15328" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Use_Wear_Analysis">Use Wear Analysis</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="15328" type="text/json">{"id":15328,"name":"Use Wear Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Use_Wear_Analysis?f_ri=395","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="19728" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lithic_Technology">Lithic Technology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="19728" type="text/json">{"id":19728,"name":"Lithic Technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lithic_Technology?f_ri=395","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="22563" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plains_Archaeology">Plains Archaeology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="22563" type="text/json">{"id":22563,"name":"Plains Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plains_Archaeology?f_ri=395","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=4792281]'), work: {"id":4792281,"title":"Pipe Manufacture on the Plains and Experimental Archaeology: Not Just Blowing Smoke","created_at":"2013-10-16T17:22:39.691-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/4792281/Pipe_Manufacture_on_the_Plains_and_Experimental_Archaeology_Not_Just_Blowing_Smoke?f_ri=395","dom_id":"work_4792281","summary":"Several types of smoking pipes have been manufactured and used by native North American peoples throughout later prehistoric and historic times. Although substantial information exists on the styles of these pipes, very little is known about their methods of manufacture. This paper examines one particular style of pipe, the Florence Pipe, associated with the proto-Wichita Great Bend peoples. A block of Minnesota pipestone was manufactured into a pipe using stone tools replicated after those found in the Robb Collection from central Kansas. This archaeological assemblage was proposed to have been used in the manufacture of Florence pipes, which was confirmed through use-wear analysis of the collection. The steps and labor requirements for the creation of Florence pipes are illuminated in this paper in a way that cannot be accomplished through archaeological analysis and use-wear analysis alone.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":32093903,"asset_id":4792281,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":2181588,"first_name":"Timothy","last_name":"Lambert-Law de Lauriston","domain_name":"missouri","page_name":"TimothyLambertLawdeLauriston","display_name":"Timothy Lambert-Law de Lauriston","profile_url":"https://missouri.academia.edu/TimothyLambertLawdeLauriston?f_ri=395","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2181588/2553410/11416000/s65_timothy.lambert-law_de_lauriston.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":395,"name":"Experimental Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Experimental_Archaeology?f_ri=395","nofollow":false},{"id":15328,"name":"Use Wear Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Use_Wear_Analysis?f_ri=395","nofollow":false},{"id":19728,"name":"Lithic Technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lithic_Technology?f_ri=395","nofollow":false},{"id":22563,"name":"Plains Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plains_Archaeology?f_ri=395","nofollow":false},{"id":24828,"name":"Lithics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lithics?f_ri=395"},{"id":38032,"name":"Lithic Technology (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lithic_Technology_Archaeology_?f_ri=395"},{"id":40886,"name":"Archaeology of Pipes and Smoking","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology_of_Pipes_and_Smoking?f_ri=395"},{"id":99317,"name":"Lithic Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lithic_Analysis?f_ri=395"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_1476290 coauthored" data-work_id="1476290" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/1476290/Acorns_as_a_Food_Resource_An_Experiment_with_Acorn_Preparation_and_Taste">Acorns as a Food Resource. An Experiment with Acorn Preparation and Taste</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This paper summarizes our current knowledge of acorns as a food resource in prehistoric Europe. It sheds light on the question of the taste of acorn products, which is closely linked to preparation methods. An experiment was conducted... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_1476290" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This paper summarizes our current knowledge of acorns as a food resource in prehistoric Europe. It sheds light on the question of the taste of acorn products, which is closely linked to preparation methods.<br />An experiment was conducted that consisted of the preparation of eight different acorn recipes, human tasters, a questionnaire-based survey, and statistical evaluation. The paper presents the various factors that testers indicated had an effect on the taste of differently prepared acorn products.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/1476290" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="2cc2d10ac6017971d0f894744ef167c5" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":35564032,"asset_id":1476290,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/35564032/download_file?st=MTczMjQ3Mjc5NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1019575" href="https://jcu.academia.edu/KamilaPokorn%C3%A1">Kamila Pokorná</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1019575" type="text/json">{"id":1019575,"first_name":"Kamila","last_name":"Pokorná","domain_name":"jcu","page_name":"KamilaPokorná","display_name":"Kamila Pokorná","profile_url":"https://jcu.academia.edu/KamilaPokorn%C3%A1?f_ri=395","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1019575/809231/1260911/s65_kamila.pokorn_.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-1476290">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-1476290"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://jcu.academia.edu/Tereza%C5%A0%C3%A1lkov%C3%A1">Tereza Šálková</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-1476290'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-1476290').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_1476290 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="1476290"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 1476290, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_1476290", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_1476290 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 1476290; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_1476290"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_1476290 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="1476290"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 1476290; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=1476290]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_1476290").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_1476290").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="1476290"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="395" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Experimental_Archaeology">Experimental Archaeology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="395" type="text/json">{"id":395,"name":"Experimental Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Experimental_Archaeology?f_ri=395","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7603" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Food">Food</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7603" type="text/json">{"id":7603,"name":"Food","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Food?f_ri=395","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="436707" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Acorns">Acorns</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="436707" type="text/json">{"id":436707,"name":"Acorns","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Acorns?f_ri=395","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=1476290]'), work: {"id":1476290,"title":"Acorns as a Food Resource. An Experiment with Acorn Preparation and Taste","created_at":"2012-03-17T19:34:01.522-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/1476290/Acorns_as_a_Food_Resource_An_Experiment_with_Acorn_Preparation_and_Taste?f_ri=395","dom_id":"work_1476290","summary":"This paper summarizes our current knowledge of acorns as a food resource in prehistoric Europe. It sheds light on the question of the taste of acorn products, which is closely linked to preparation methods.\nAn experiment was conducted that consisted of the preparation of eight different acorn recipes, human tasters, a questionnaire-based survey, and statistical evaluation. The paper presents the various factors that testers indicated had an effect on the taste of differently prepared acorn products. ","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":35564032,"asset_id":1476290,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1019575,"first_name":"Kamila","last_name":"Pokorná","domain_name":"jcu","page_name":"KamilaPokorná","display_name":"Kamila Pokorná","profile_url":"https://jcu.academia.edu/KamilaPokorn%C3%A1?f_ri=395","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1019575/809231/1260911/s65_kamila.pokorn_.jpg"},{"id":1217867,"first_name":"Tereza","last_name":"Šálková","domain_name":"jcu","page_name":"TerezaŠálková","display_name":"Tereza Šálková","profile_url":"https://jcu.academia.edu/Tereza%C5%A0%C3%A1lkov%C3%A1?f_ri=395","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1217867/459563/575449/s65_tereza._lkov_.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":395,"name":"Experimental Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Experimental_Archaeology?f_ri=395","nofollow":false},{"id":7603,"name":"Food","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Food?f_ri=395","nofollow":false},{"id":436707,"name":"Acorns","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Acorns?f_ri=395","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_37485765" data-work_id="37485765" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/37485765/Anth_245_Documentary_response_sheet_13_PBS_Helen_of_Troy_G_Mumford_Fall_2018_additional_LB_Age_Aegean_and_Anatolia_doc_recommendations_at_end_">Anth.245 Documentary response sheet-13: PBS: Helen of Troy. (G. Mumford Fall 2018; additional LB Age Aegean & Anatolia doc. recommendations at end)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">ABSTRACT: This documentary response sheet contains a series of 112 sequential questions drawn from the video, PBS: Helen of Troy (115 minutes; presented by Bettany Hughes). The documentary examines what we know about Helen of Troy from... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_37485765" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">ABSTRACT: This documentary response sheet contains a series of 112 sequential questions drawn from the video, PBS: Helen of Troy (115 minutes; presented by Bettany Hughes).  The documentary examines what we know about Helen of Troy from Homer's Iliad and the mixed opinions and assessments of later writers and popular folklore. Bettany Hughes also places Helen of Troy within the broader perspective of what we know about elite Late Bronze Age women in Mycenaean Greece and Anatolia (e.g., Hittites), and other aspects of the circumstances revolving around the Trojan War, similar situations known from the Late Bronze Age, and other aspects of this period (e.g., warfare; trade; etc.). These sequential questions aim to maximize both student attention to various pertinent points made throughout the documentary and greater retention of the materials covered by the documentary.  In addition, the documentary has been vetted for overall content accuracy (albeit updated and/or corrected in-class), and selected to provide supplementary visual aids (e.g., images of regions, sites, finds, and other materials), additional specialist views (e.g., interviews), and other data to aid in student comprehension of the course lectures and readings from the textbooks.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/37485765" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="d1ad1b12418a241cfe32be318ba18f0b" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":57460588,"asset_id":37485765,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/57460588/download_file?st=MTczMjQ3Mjc5NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="9975751" href="https://ua-birmingham.academia.edu/GregoryMumford">Gregory Mumford</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="9975751" type="text/json">{"id":9975751,"first_name":"Gregory","last_name":"Mumford","domain_name":"ua-birmingham","page_name":"GregoryMumford","display_name":"Gregory Mumford","profile_url":"https://ua-birmingham.academia.edu/GregoryMumford?f_ri=395","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/9975751/5788605/11609699/s65_gregory.mumford.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_37485765 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="37485765"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 37485765, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_37485765", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=37485765]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_37485765").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_37485765").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="37485765"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">20</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="130" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_History">Ancient History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="130" type="text/json">{"id":130,"name":"Ancient History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_History?f_ri=395","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="392" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology">Archaeology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="392" type="text/json">{"id":392,"name":"Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology?f_ri=395","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="395" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Experimental_Archaeology">Experimental Archaeology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="395" type="text/json">{"id":395,"name":"Experimental Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Experimental_Archaeology?f_ri=395","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="767" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropology">Anthropology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="767" type="text/json">{"id":767,"name":"Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropology?f_ri=395","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=37485765]'), work: {"id":37485765,"title":"Anth.245 Documentary response sheet-13: PBS: Helen of Troy. (G. Mumford Fall 2018; additional LB Age Aegean \u0026 Anatolia doc. recommendations at end)","created_at":"2018-09-26T22:17:08.322-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/37485765/Anth_245_Documentary_response_sheet_13_PBS_Helen_of_Troy_G_Mumford_Fall_2018_additional_LB_Age_Aegean_and_Anatolia_doc_recommendations_at_end_?f_ri=395","dom_id":"work_37485765","summary":"ABSTRACT: This documentary response sheet contains a series of 112 sequential questions drawn from the video, PBS: Helen of Troy (115 minutes; presented by Bettany Hughes). The documentary examines what we know about Helen of Troy from Homer's Iliad and the mixed opinions and assessments of later writers and popular folklore. Bettany Hughes also places Helen of Troy within the broader perspective of what we know about elite Late Bronze Age women in Mycenaean Greece and Anatolia (e.g., Hittites), and other aspects of the circumstances revolving around the Trojan War, similar situations known from the Late Bronze Age, and other aspects of this period (e.g., warfare; trade; etc.). These sequential questions aim to maximize both student attention to various pertinent points made throughout the documentary and greater retention of the materials covered by the documentary. In addition, the documentary has been vetted for overall content accuracy (albeit updated and/or corrected in-class), and selected to provide supplementary visual aids (e.g., images of regions, sites, finds, and other materials), additional specialist views (e.g., interviews), and other data to aid in student comprehension of the course lectures and readings from the textbooks.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":57460588,"asset_id":37485765,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":9975751,"first_name":"Gregory","last_name":"Mumford","domain_name":"ua-birmingham","page_name":"GregoryMumford","display_name":"Gregory Mumford","profile_url":"https://ua-birmingham.academia.edu/GregoryMumford?f_ri=395","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/9975751/5788605/11609699/s65_gregory.mumford.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":130,"name":"Ancient History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_History?f_ri=395","nofollow":false},{"id":392,"name":"Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology?f_ri=395","nofollow":false},{"id":395,"name":"Experimental Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Experimental_Archaeology?f_ri=395","nofollow":false},{"id":767,"name":"Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropology?f_ri=395","nofollow":false},{"id":1726,"name":"Women's History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Womens_History?f_ri=395"},{"id":23214,"name":"Documentary Film","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Documentary_Film?f_ri=395"},{"id":41373,"name":"Mycenaean","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mycenaean?f_ri=395"},{"id":67003,"name":"Ancient Sparta","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Sparta?f_ri=395"},{"id":81686,"name":"Helen of Troy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Helen_of_Troy?f_ri=395"},{"id":82274,"name":"Late Bronze Age","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Late_Bronze_Age?f_ri=395"},{"id":95667,"name":"Iliad","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Iliad?f_ri=395"},{"id":128966,"name":"Hittites","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hittites?f_ri=395"},{"id":146761,"name":"Mycenaean religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mycenaean_religion?f_ri=395"},{"id":168966,"name":"Ancient Weapons and Warfare","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Weapons_and_Warfare?f_ri=395"},{"id":207255,"name":"Hattusa","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hattusa?f_ri=395"},{"id":216554,"name":"Mycenae","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mycenae?f_ri=395"},{"id":221153,"name":"Chariots","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chariots?f_ri=395"},{"id":441533,"name":"Late Bronze Age trade","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Late_Bronze_Age_trade?f_ri=395"},{"id":642034,"name":"Ancient Greece Marriage Customs","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Greece_Marriage_Customs?f_ri=395"},{"id":1029754,"name":"Troy Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Troy_Studies?f_ri=395"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_544069" data-work_id="544069" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/544069/Simulating_the_behaviour_of_light_inside_Arctic_dwellings_implications_for_assessing_the_role_of_vision_in_task_performance">Simulating the behaviour of light inside Arctic dwellings: implications for assessing the role of vision in task performance</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/544069" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="d71658991d6fb07084384971bcb4f89b" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":3462797,"asset_id":544069,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/3462797/download_file?st=MTczMjQ3Mjc5NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="413945" href="https://ucalgary.academia.edu/MatthewWalls">Matthew Walls</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="413945" type="text/json">{"id":413945,"first_name":"Matthew","last_name":"Walls","domain_name":"ucalgary","page_name":"MatthewWalls","display_name":"Matthew Walls","profile_url":"https://ucalgary.academia.edu/MatthewWalls?f_ri=395","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/413945/100354/14985164/s65_matthew.walls.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_544069 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="544069"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 544069, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_544069", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_544069 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 544069; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_544069"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_544069 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="544069"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 544069; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=544069]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_544069").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_544069").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="544069"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">22</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="392" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology">Archaeology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="392" type="text/json">{"id":392,"name":"Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology?f_ri=395","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="395" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Experimental_Archaeology">Experimental Archaeology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="395" type="text/json">{"id":395,"name":"Experimental Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Experimental_Archaeology?f_ri=395","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="767" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropology">Anthropology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="767" type="text/json">{"id":767,"name":"Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropology?f_ri=395","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1362" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spatial_Analysis">Spatial Analysis</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="1362" type="text/json">{"id":1362,"name":"Spatial Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spatial_Analysis?f_ri=395","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=544069]'), work: {"id":544069,"title":"Simulating the behaviour of light inside Arctic dwellings: implications for assessing the role of vision in task 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Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Experimental_Archaeology?f_ri=395","nofollow":false},{"id":767,"name":"Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropology?f_ri=395","nofollow":false},{"id":1362,"name":"Spatial Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spatial_Analysis?f_ri=395","nofollow":false},{"id":4122,"name":"Computer Animation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Animation?f_ri=395"},{"id":6177,"name":"Modeling","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Modeling?f_ri=395"},{"id":40271,"name":"Visual acuity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Visual_acuity?f_ri=395"},{"id":42609,"name":"World Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/World_Archaeology?f_ri=395"},{"id":72667,"name":"Behaviour","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Behaviour?f_ri=395"},{"id":81942,"name":"Settlement","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Settlement?f_ri=395"},{"id":85707,"name":"Habitat","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Habitat?f_ri=395"},{"id":96347,"name":"Role","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Role?f_ri=395"},{"id":128057,"name":"Light","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Light?f_ri=395"},{"id":153752,"name":"Computer Simulations and Modeling","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Simulations_and_Modeling?f_ri=395"},{"id":159978,"name":"Visibility","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Visibility?f_ri=395"},{"id":166609,"name":"Function","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Function?f_ri=395"},{"id":206590,"name":"Task Performance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Task_Performance?f_ri=395"},{"id":270767,"name":"Well","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Well?f_ri=395"},{"id":654899,"name":"Computer Modelling","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Modelling?f_ri=395"},{"id":1128021,"name":"Arctic archaeology and ethnohistory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arctic_archaeology_and_ethnohistory?f_ri=395"},{"id":1208706,"name":"Environment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environment?f_ri=395"},{"id":2196834,"name":"Canadian Arctic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Canadian_Arctic?f_ri=395"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_13898383 coauthored" data-work_id="13898383" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/13898383/Archeologie_en_experimentele_archeologie_voor_en_door_jongeren_Westerheem_2015_nr_3_">Archeologie en experimentele archeologie voor en door jongeren (Westerheem 2015 nr. 3). </a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Article about the Dutch Youth Association for History (NJBG). The NJBG organizes summer-camps and other activities throughout the year concerning archaeology, history and experimental archaeology. The article introduces the NJBG and it... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_13898383" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Article about the Dutch Youth Association for History (NJBG). The NJBG organizes summer-camps and other activities throughout the  year concerning archaeology, history and experimental archaeology. The article introduces the NJBG and it describes the three different workgroups; Junior workgroup (age group 9-12), WAO (workgroup archaeological research) and the WEA (workgroup experimental archaeology).</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/13898383" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="c384cf74f9f7622a26ee8eaea142df6c" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":38166559,"asset_id":13898383,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/38166559/download_file?st=MTczMjQ3Mjc5NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="8680057" href="https://leidenuni.academia.edu/LassevandenDikkenberg">Lasse van den Dikkenberg</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="8680057" type="text/json">{"id":8680057,"first_name":"Lasse","last_name":"van den Dikkenberg","domain_name":"leidenuni","page_name":"LassevandenDikkenberg","display_name":"Lasse van den Dikkenberg","profile_url":"https://leidenuni.academia.edu/LassevandenDikkenberg?f_ri=395","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/8680057/9734083/85889771/s65_lasse.van_den_dikkenberg.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-13898383">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-13898383"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/KickHofman">Kick Hofman</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-13898383'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-13898383').html(); 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","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":38166559,"asset_id":13898383,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":8680057,"first_name":"Lasse","last_name":"van den Dikkenberg","domain_name":"leidenuni","page_name":"LassevandenDikkenberg","display_name":"Lasse van den Dikkenberg","profile_url":"https://leidenuni.academia.edu/LassevandenDikkenberg?f_ri=395","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/8680057/9734083/85889771/s65_lasse.van_den_dikkenberg.jpg"},{"id":33007838,"first_name":"Kick","last_name":"Hofman","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"KickHofman","display_name":"Kick Hofman","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/KickHofman?f_ri=395","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":392,"name":"Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology?f_ri=395","nofollow":false},{"id":395,"name":"Experimental Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Experimental_Archaeology?f_ri=395","nofollow":false},{"id":969,"name":"Public Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Archaeology?f_ri=395","nofollow":false},{"id":3412,"name":"Public History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_History?f_ri=395","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_45569460" data-work_id="45569460" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/45569460/Kn%C3%A1pek_R_Kvita_D_2021_Tavba_%C5%BEeleza_Muzeum_bulletin_%C4%8D_01_21_48_49_Nov%C3%BD_Ji%C4%8D%C3%ADn_Iron_smelting_experiment_Eisenschmelze">Knápek, R. - Kvita, D. 2021: Tavba železa. Muzeum bulletin, č. 01/21, 48-49, Nový Jičín. Iron smelting experiment. Eisenschmelze.</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/45569460" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="7b172bbd40ed8be6d3c984d5becd1478" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":66044335,"asset_id":45569460,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/66044335/download_file?st=MTczMjQ3Mjc5NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1596094" href="https://independentresearcher.academia.edu/RadushKnapek">Radush Knapek</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1596094" type="text/json">{"id":1596094,"first_name":"Radush","last_name":"Knapek","domain_name":"independentresearcher","page_name":"RadushKnapek","display_name":"Radush Knapek","profile_url":"https://independentresearcher.academia.edu/RadushKnapek?f_ri=395","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1596094/9641209/38137855/s65_radush.knapek.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_45569460 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="45569460"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 45569460, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_45569460", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_45569460 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 45569460; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_45569460"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_45569460 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="45569460"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 45569460; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=45569460]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_45569460").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_45569460").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="45569460"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">2</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="395" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Experimental_Archaeology">Experimental Archaeology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="395" type="text/json">{"id":395,"name":"Experimental Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Experimental_Archaeology?f_ri=395","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="300451" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Iron_Smelting">Iron Smelting</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="300451" type="text/json">{"id":300451,"name":"Iron Smelting","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Iron_Smelting?f_ri=395","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=45569460]'), work: {"id":45569460,"title":"Knápek, R. - Kvita, D. 2021: Tavba železa. 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This paper is about the creation and hand sewing of a girls’ clothing – Flemish 1560 - Girl’s Smock, Kirtle, Gown/coat, Hat and Apron based on... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_38239172" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">A Documentation paper for my entry in the Kingdom of Ealdormere Pentathlon competition in 2017. This paper is about the creation and hand sewing of a girls’ clothing – Flemish 1560 - Girl’s Smock, Kirtle, Gown/coat, Hat and Apron based on a child in Pieter Bruegel The Elder’s Children’s Games painting.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/38239172" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="1ecffd69c6b7a95cea2aab80e1c300e8" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":58280770,"asset_id":38239172,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/58280770/download_file?st=MTczMjQ3Mjc5NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="21809475" href="https://uottawa.academia.edu/EmeloteofCalais">Erin A Thornton</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="21809475" type="text/json">{"id":21809475,"first_name":"Erin","last_name":"Thornton","domain_name":"uottawa","page_name":"EmeloteofCalais","display_name":"Erin A Thornton","profile_url":"https://uottawa.academia.edu/EmeloteofCalais?f_ri=395","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/21809475/7505076/105964318/s65_erin.thornton.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_38239172 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="38239172"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 38239172, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_38239172", }); 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