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class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tampin"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1.1</span> <span>Tampin</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tampin-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pahang" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pahang"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Pahang</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pahang-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Perlis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Perlis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Perlis</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Perlis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Perak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Perak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Perak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Perak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Selangor" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Selangor"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Selangor</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Selangor-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Terengganu" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Terengganu"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Terengganu</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Terengganu-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Succession" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Succession"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Succession</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Succession-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Table_of_monarchies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Table_of_monarchies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Table of monarchies</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Table_of_monarchies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Consorts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Consorts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>Consorts</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Consorts-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Consorts subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Consorts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-List_of_consorts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#List_of_consorts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14.1</span> <span>List of consorts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-List_of_consorts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Royal_capitals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Royal_capitals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>Royal capitals</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Royal_capitals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Living_former_consorts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Living_former_consorts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16</span> <span>Living former consorts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Living_former_consorts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">17</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > 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role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This template <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Monarchies_of_Malaysia" title="Special:EditPage/Monarchies of Malaysia">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this template. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Monarchies+of+Malaysia%22">"Monarchies of Malaysia"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Monarchies+of+Malaysia%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Monarchies+of+Malaysia%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Monarchies+of+Malaysia%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Monarchies+of+Malaysia%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Monarchies+of+Malaysia%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">January 2024</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Constitutional monarchy</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mohor_Besar_Raja-Raja.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Mohor_Besar_Raja-Raja.jpg/170px-Mohor_Besar_Raja-Raja.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Mohor_Besar_Raja-Raja.jpg/255px-Mohor_Besar_Raja-Raja.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Mohor_Besar_Raja-Raja.jpg/340px-Mohor_Besar_Raja-Raja.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1845" data-file-height="1845" /></a><figcaption>A seal containing the <a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms" title="Coat of arms">coat of arms</a> of the nine monarchical <a href="/wiki/States_and_federal_territories_of_Malaysia#States_and_federal_territories" title="States and federal territories of Malaysia">states</a>, inscribed with the word "Great Seal of the Malay Rulers" (Written as "موهور بسر راج٢ نݢري ملايو" ) in <a href="/wiki/Jawi_script" title="Jawi script">Jawi script</a>, displayed in the <a href="/wiki/Istana_Negara,_Jalan_Istana" title="Istana Negara, Jalan Istana">Royal Museum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kuala_Lumpur" title="Kuala Lumpur">Kuala Lumpur</a>. Clockwise from top: <a href="/wiki/Kedah" title="Kedah">Kedah</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kelantan" title="Kelantan">Kelantan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Terengganu" title="Terengganu">Terengganu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Perak" title="Perak">Perak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pahang" title="Pahang">Pahang</a>, <a href="/wiki/Selangor" title="Selangor">Selangor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Negeri_Sembilan" title="Negeri Sembilan">Negeri Sembilan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Johor" title="Johor">Johor</a> and <a href="/wiki/Perlis" title="Perlis">Perlis</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>monarchies of Malaysia</b> exist in each of the nine Malay states under the <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_monarchy" title="Constitutional monarchy">constitutional monarchy</a> system as practised in <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a>. The political system of Malaysia is based on the <a href="/wiki/Westminster_system" title="Westminster system">Westminster</a> <a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_system" title="Parliamentary system">parliamentary system</a> in combination with features of a federation. </p><p>Nine of the <a href="/wiki/States_and_federal_territories_of_Malaysia" title="States and federal territories of Malaysia">states</a> of Malaysia are constitutionally headed by traditional <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_Malays" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnic Malays">Malay</a> rulers, collectively referred to as the Malay states. State constitutions limit eligibility for the thrones to male Malay <a href="/wiki/Muslim" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim">Muslims</a> of royal descent. Seven are hereditary monarchies based on <a href="/wiki/Primogeniture#Agnatic_primogeniture" title="Primogeniture">agnatic primogeniture</a>: <a href="/wiki/Kedah" title="Kedah">Kedah</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kelantan" title="Kelantan">Kelantan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Johor" title="Johor">Johor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Perlis" title="Perlis">Perlis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pahang" title="Pahang">Pahang</a>, <a href="/wiki/Selangor" title="Selangor">Selangor</a> and <a href="/wiki/Terengganu" title="Terengganu">Terengganu</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Perak" title="Perak">Perak</a>, the throne rotates among three branches of the royal family loosely based on <a href="/wiki/Agnatic_seniority" title="Agnatic seniority">agnatic seniority</a>. One state, <a href="/wiki/Negeri_Sembilan" title="Negeri Sembilan">Negeri Sembilan</a>, is an <a href="/wiki/Elective_monarchy" title="Elective monarchy">elective monarchy</a>; the ruler is elected from male members of the royal family by hereditary chiefs. All rulers, except those of Perlis and of Negeri Sembilan, use the title of <i><a href="/wiki/Sultan" title="Sultan">Sultan</a></i>. The ruler of Perlis is styled the <i><a href="/wiki/Raja" title="Raja">Raja</a></i>, whereas the ruler of Negeri Sembilan is known as the <i><a href="/wiki/Yang_di-Pertuan_Besar" title="Yang di-Pertuan Besar">Yang di-Pertuan Besar</a></i>. </p><p>Every five years or when a vacancy occurs, the rulers convene as the <a href="/wiki/Conference_of_Rulers" title="Conference of Rulers">Conference of Rulers</a> (<a href="/wiki/Malay_language" title="Malay language">Malay</a>: <i lang="ms">Majlis Raja-Raja</i>) to elect among themselves the <a href="/wiki/Yang_di-Pertuan_Agong" class="mw-redirect" title="Yang di-Pertuan Agong">Yang di-Pertuan Agong</a>, the federal constitutional monarch and <a href="/wiki/Head_of_state" title="Head of state">head of state</a> of Malaysia.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As the Yang di-Pertuan Agong is elected among the rulers,<sup id="cite_ref-dfat_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dfat-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Malaysia, as a whole, is also an elective monarchy. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Roles">Roles</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monarchies_of_Malaysia&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Roles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Each of the nine rulers serves as the head of state of his own state, as well as the head of the religion of <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> in his state.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As with other constitutional monarchs around the world, the rulers do not participate in the actual governance in their states; instead, each of them is bound by convention to act on the advice of the head of government of his state, known as <a href="/wiki/Menteri_Besar" class="mw-redirect" title="Menteri Besar">Menteri Besar</a> (pl. Menteri-menteri Besar). However, the ruler of each state has discretionary powers in appointing the Menteri Besar that commands a majority in the <a href="/wiki/State_legislative_assemblies_of_Malaysia" title="State legislative assemblies of Malaysia">state legislative assembly</a>, and refusing a dissolution of the state assembly when requested by the Menteri Besar.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The powers of the monarchs have been restricted over time, although there is debate about the precise limits of their powers.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Yang_di-Pertuan_Agong" class="mw-redirect" title="Yang di-Pertuan Agong">Yang di-Pertuan Agong</a> is the federal <a href="/wiki/Head_of_state" title="Head of state">head of state</a>. His symbolic roles include being the <a href="/wiki/Commander-in-Chief_of_the_Malaysian_Armed_Forces" title="Commander-in-Chief of the Malaysian Armed Forces">Commander-in-Chief</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Armed_Forces" title="Malaysian Armed Forces">Malaysian Armed Forces</a>, and carrying out diplomatic functions such as receiving foreign diplomats and representing Malaysia on <a href="/wiki/State_visits" class="mw-redirect" title="State visits">state visits</a>. The Yang di-Pertuan Agong is the head of Islam in his own state, the four states without rulers (<a href="/wiki/Penang" title="Penang">Penang</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malacca" title="Malacca">Malacca</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sabah" title="Sabah">Sabah</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sarawak" title="Sarawak">Sarawak</a>) and the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Territories_(Malaysia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal Territories (Malaysia)">Federal Territories</a>. The Yang di-Pertuan Agong is required to delegate all his state powers to a <a href="/wiki/Regent" title="Regent">regent</a>, except for the role of head of Islam. Similar to other rulers, the Yang di-Pertuan Agong acts on the advice of the <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Malaysia" title="Prime Minister of Malaysia">Prime Minister</a>, and has discretionary powers in appointing the Prime Minister that commands a majority in the <a href="/wiki/Dewan_Rakyat" title="Dewan Rakyat">Dewan Rakyat</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Lower_house" title="Lower house">lower house</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Malaysia" title="Parliament of Malaysia">Parliament</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and refusing a dissolution of the Parliament. The Yang di-Pertuan Agong also appoints the <span title="Malay (macrolanguage)-language text"><i lang="ms"><a href="/wiki/Yang_di-Pertua_Negeri" title="Yang di-Pertua Negeri">Yang di-Pertua Negeri</a></i></span>, the ceremonial governors for the four states without rulers, on the advice of the Prime Minister and the <a href="/wiki/Chief_Ministers_in_Malaysia" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief Ministers in Malaysia">Chief Ministers</a> of the states.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>A unique feature of the constitutional monarchy in Malaysia is the <a href="/wiki/Conference_of_Rulers" title="Conference of Rulers">Conference of Rulers</a>, consisting of the nine rulers and the four <span title="Malay (macrolanguage)-language text"><i lang="ms"><a href="/wiki/Yang_di-Pertua_Negeri" title="Yang di-Pertua Negeri">Yang di-Pertua Negeris</a></i></span>. The Conference convenes triannually to discuss various issues related to state and national policies. The most important role of the Conference is to elect the Yang di-Pertuan Agong every five years or when a vacancy occurs. Only the rulers participate in the election of the Yang di-Pertuan Agong, as well as discussions related to rulers' privileges and religious observances. The Conference's other role in the federal governance of the country is to give consent to amendments of certain entrenched provisions of the federal <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Malaysia" title="Constitution of Malaysia">constitution</a>, namely those pertaining to the status of the rulers, the special privileges of the <a href="/wiki/Bumiputra" class="mw-redirect" title="Bumiputra">Bumiputra</a>, the status of the <a href="/wiki/Malay_language" title="Malay language">Malay language</a> as the national language, and the status of Islam as the religion of the federation.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monarchies_of_Malaysia&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Historically, various Malay kingdoms flourished on the <a href="/wiki/Malay_Peninsula" title="Malay Peninsula">Malay Peninsula</a>. The earliest kingdoms were influenced by <a href="/wiki/Hindu" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindu">Hindu</a> culture, the most notable being <a href="/wiki/Langkasuka" title="Langkasuka">Langkasuka</a> in present-day Kedah. In the 15th century, the <a href="/wiki/Malacca_Sultanate" title="Malacca Sultanate">Malacca Sultanate</a> became the dominant power on the peninsula. The Malacca Sultanate was the first Malay Muslim state based on the peninsula that was also a real regional maritime power. After the fall of Malacca in 1511, several local rulers emerged in the northern part of the peninsula which later fell under <a href="/wiki/Siam" class="mw-redirect" title="Siam">Siamese</a> influence, while two princes of the Malaccan royal family founded Johor and Perak respectively. The Sultanate of Johor emerged as the dominant power on the peninsula. The vast territory of Johor led to some areas gaining autonomy, which gradually developed into independent states.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In the 19th century, as various infighting among the Malay aristocracy threatened British economic interests in the region, the British began a policy of intervention. The British concluded treaties with some Malay states, installing "<a href="/wiki/Resident_(title)" class="mw-redirect" title="Resident (title)">residents</a>" as advisors to the rulers, who soon became the <i>de facto</i> ruling powers of their states.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These residents held power in everything except in religious affairs and Malay customs. In 1895, the governance of Negeri Sembilan, Pahang, Perak and Selangor were combined as the <a href="/wiki/Federated_Malay_States" title="Federated Malay States">Federated Malay States</a>, headed by a Resident General based in <a href="/wiki/Kuala_Lumpur" title="Kuala Lumpur">Kuala Lumpur</a>. The British wrestled Kedah, Kelantan, Perlis and Terengganu from Siamese influence, and in turn they each received a British "advisor". Johor was the last state to succumb to British pressure, receiving an advisor in 1914. These five states were known as the <a href="/wiki/Unfederated_Malay_States" title="Unfederated Malay States">Unfederated Malay States</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>After <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> in 1946, the British combined the Federated Malay States and the Unfederated Malay States, together with two of the <a href="/wiki/Straits_Settlements" title="Straits Settlements">Straits Settlements</a>, Penang and Malacca, to form the <a href="/wiki/Malayan_Union" title="Malayan Union">Malayan Union</a> which was headed by a British governor. Under the terms of the Union, the Malay rulers conceded all their powers to the <a href="/wiki/British_Crown" class="mw-redirect" title="British Crown">British Crown</a> except in religious matters. Widespread opposition by Malay nationalists led to the reform of Malayan Union to become the <a href="/wiki/Federation_of_Malaya" title="Federation of Malaya">Federation of Malaya</a> in 1948, in which the rulers were restored to their symbolic role as heads of state.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The present form of constitutional monarchy in Malaysia dates from 1957, when the Federation of Malaya gained independence. The rulers serve as constitutional heads of their states, with the state executive powers exercised by state governments elected by the people. The rulers elect among themselves a federal head of state, the Yang di-Pertuan Agong, with the federal executive powers exercised by an elected federal government. The form of constitutional monarchy was retained when Malaysia was formed in 1963.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kedah">Kedah</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monarchies_of_Malaysia&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Kedah"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Kedah_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Kedah Kingdom">Kedah Kingdom</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kedah_Sultanate" title="Kedah Sultanate">Kedah Sultanate</a></div> <p>According to the <i><a href="/wiki/Hikayat_Merong_Mahawangsa" title="Hikayat Merong Mahawangsa">Hikayat Merong Mahawangsa</a></i>, the <a href="/wiki/Kedah_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Kedah Kingdom">Kingdom of Kedah</a> was founded around 630 CE by Maharaja Derbar Raja, who arrived from <a href="/wiki/Bandar-Abbas" class="mw-redirect" title="Bandar-Abbas">Gameroon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Persia" class="mw-redirect" title="Persia">Persia</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Kedah_Sultanate" title="Kedah Sultanate">Sultanate of Kedah</a> was founded when the last <a href="/wiki/Hindu" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindu">Hindu</a> king, Phra Ong Mahawangsa, converted to <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> in 1136. He took the name <a href="/wiki/Sultan_Mudzafar_Shah_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Sultan Mudzafar Shah I">Sultan Mudzafar Shah</a>. Sultan Mudzafar's descendants continue to rule Kedah today.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The seat of the Sultan of Kedah is <a href="/wiki/Anak_Bukit" title="Anak Bukit">Anak Bukit</a>, a suburb of <a href="/wiki/Alor_Setar" title="Alor Setar">Alor Setar</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kelantan">Kelantan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monarchies_of_Malaysia&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Kelantan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Sultan_of_Kelantan" title="Sultan of Kelantan">Sultan of Kelantan</a></div> <p>After centuries of subordination by <a href="/wiki/Majapahit" title="Majapahit">Majapahit</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malacca_Sultanate" title="Malacca Sultanate">Malacca</a>, <a href="/wiki/Siam" class="mw-redirect" title="Siam">Siam</a> and <a href="/wiki/Terengganu" title="Terengganu">Terengganu</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Muhammad_I_of_Kelantan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Muhammad I of Kelantan (page does not exist)">Long Muhammad</a>, son of Long Yunus, declared himself Sultan in 1800 and gained recognition as a tributary by the Siamese. Control over Kelantan was transferred to the <a href="/wiki/British_Malaya" title="British Malaya">British</a> under the <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Siamese_Treaty_of_1909" title="Anglo-Siamese Treaty of 1909">Anglo-Siamese Treaty of 1909</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The state capital is <a href="/wiki/Kota_Bharu" title="Kota Bharu">Kota Bharu</a>, while <a href="/wiki/Kubang_Kerian" title="Kubang Kerian">Kubang Kerian</a> serves as the royal city. The main palace for ceremonial functions is Istana Balai Besar, while Istana Negeri serves as the current sultan's residence.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Johor">Johor</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monarchies_of_Malaysia&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Johor"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Sultan_of_Johor" title="Sultan of Johor">Sultan of Johor</a></div> <p>The early Sultans of Johor claimed to be a continuation of the <a href="/wiki/Malacca_Sultanate" title="Malacca Sultanate">Malacca Sultanate</a>. The first Sultan, <a href="/wiki/Alauddin_Riayat_Shah_II_of_Johor" title="Alauddin Riayat Shah II of Johor">Sultan Alauddin Riayat Shah II</a> was the son of the last Sultan of Malacca, who reigned from 1528. In the 19th century, with support from the British, the <a href="/wiki/Temenggong" title="Temenggong">Temenggong</a> family gained recognition as rulers of the state. Its first sultan, <a href="/wiki/Abu_Bakar_of_Johor" title="Abu Bakar of Johor">Maharaja Abu Bakar</a> is known as the founder of "modern Johor". His descendants rule the state today.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The Sultan of Johor resides in the capital, <a href="/wiki/Johor_Bahru" title="Johor Bahru">Johor Bahru</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Negeri_Sembilan">Negeri Sembilan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monarchies_of_Malaysia&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Negeri Sembilan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Yamtuan_Besar" title="Yamtuan Besar">Yamtuan Besar</a></div> <p>Negeri Sembilan's monarchy incorporates a form of <a href="/wiki/Federalism" title="Federalism">federalism</a>, whereby the state is divided into smaller <i>luak</i> (chiefdoms), each with a ruling <i><a href="/wiki/Undang" title="Undang">undang</a></i> (chieftain). Four of the major chieftains elect the <a href="/wiki/Yang_di-Pertuan_Besar" title="Yang di-Pertuan Besar">Yang di-Pertuan Besar</a> (Yam Tuan Besar), who is the Head of State of Negeri Sembilan.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The first Yam Tuan Besar was <a href="/wiki/Raja_Melewar" class="mw-redirect" title="Raja Melewar">Raja Melewar</a>, who united the nine small states of Negeri Sembilan, each of which were ruled by a local chieftain.<sup id="cite_ref-n9_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-n9-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was sent from the <a href="/wiki/Pagaruyung_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Pagaruyung Kingdom">Pagaruyung Kingdom</a> at the request of the <a href="/wiki/Minangkabau_Highlands" title="Minangkabau Highlands">Minangkabau</a> nobility in the nine small states in the <a href="/wiki/Malay_Peninsula" title="Malay Peninsula">Malay Peninsula</a> in the 18th century. Raja Melewar was succeeded by other princes sent from Pagaruyung, whose sons did not inherit the throne until Raja Raden in 1831, who was the son of Raja Lenggang.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The seat of the Yam Tuan Besar is <a href="/wiki/Seri_Menanti" title="Seri Menanti">Seri Menanti</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Chieftains_/_Undang"><span id="Chieftains_.2F_Undang"></span>Chieftains / Undang</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monarchies_of_Malaysia&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Chieftains / Undang"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Undang" title="Undang">Undang</a></div> <p>Chieftains are selected among the nobility in each Luak, following <a href="/wiki/Matrilineal" class="mw-redirect" title="Matrilineal">matrilineal</a> inheritance, part of the state's <i><a href="/wiki/Adat_perpatih" title="Adat perpatih">Adat perpatih</a></i> customs. The Undang of Sungai Ujong is chosen among the Waris Hulu and Waris Hilir families, and inherits the title <i>Dato' Klana Petra</i>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The Undang of Jelebu is elected among the four noble houses, Waris Jelebu, Waris Ulu Jelebu, Waris Sarin and Waris Kemin.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Undang of Johol are a succession of members of two families in the female line which are Perut Gemencheh and Perut Johol. The son of the eldest sister of the incumbent is usually the heir.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The Undang of Rembau alternates between the two major noble houses in the Luak, namely the Waris Jakun (who inherit the title <i>Dato' Lela Maharaja</i>) and the Waris Jawa (<i>Dato' Sedia di-Raja</i>). As with the undangs of Johol, the son of the eldest sister of the incumbent is the heir in the family.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>District / Luak </th> <th>Title </th> <th>Ruler / Undang<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th>Reign since </th></tr> <tr> <td>Sungai Ujong </td> <td>Dato' <a href="/w/index.php?title=Klana_Petra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Klana Petra (page does not exist)">Klana Petra</a> </td> <td>Dato' Mubarak Dohak </td> <td>1993 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Jelebu </td> <td>Dato' <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mendika_Menteri_Akhirulzaman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mendika Menteri Akhirulzaman (page does not exist)">Mendika Menteri Akhirulzaman</a> </td> <td>Datuk <a href="/wiki/Maarof_Mat_Rashad" title="Maarof Mat Rashad">Maarof Mat Rashad</a> </td> <td>2019 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Johol </td> <td>Dato' <a href="/w/index.php?title=Johan_Pahlawan_Lela_Perkasa_Setiawan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Johan Pahlawan Lela Perkasa Setiawan (page does not exist)">Johan Pahlawan Lela Perkasa Setiawan</a> </td> <td>Dato' <a href="/w/index.php?title=Muhammad_Abdullah_of_Negeri_Sembilan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Muhammad Abdullah of Negeri Sembilan (page does not exist)">Muhammad Abdullah</a> </td> <td>2017 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Rembau </td> <td>Dato' Lela Maharaja / Dato' Sedia di-Raja </td> <td>Dato' Muhamad Sharip Othman </td> <td>1999 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Tampin">Tampin</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monarchies_of_Malaysia&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Tampin"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In addition, the district of Tampin has its own hereditary ruler, known as the Tunku Besar. The Tunku Besars of Tampin are descendants of Sharif Sha'aban Syed Ibrahim al-Qadri, the son-in-law of Raja Ali, a member of the state royal family who challenged the reign of the Yang di-Pertuan Besar in the early 19th century.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>District / Luak </th> <th>Title </th> <th>Ruler<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th>Reign since </th></tr> <tr> <td>Tampin </td> <td>Tunku Besar </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Razman_al-Qadri" title="Razman al-Qadri">Tunku Syed Razman al-Qadri</a> </td> <td>2005 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pahang">Pahang</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monarchies_of_Malaysia&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Pahang"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Sultan_of_Pahang" title="Sultan of Pahang">Sultan of Pahang</a></div> <p>The modern royal house of Pahang is a branch of the royal family of Johor. They held the title of Bendahara. In 1853, the Bendahara, Tun Muhammad Tahir, broke away from the Johor sultan and declared the state of Pahang independent. He was later deposed by his brother Ahmad, who declared himself Sultan in 1884.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The Sultan of Pahang resides in Istana Abdulaziz in <a href="/wiki/Kuantan" title="Kuantan">Kuantan</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Perlis">Perlis</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monarchies_of_Malaysia&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Perlis"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/House_of_Jamalullail_(Perlis)" title="House of Jamalullail (Perlis)">House of Jamalullail (Perlis)</a></div> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hussein_of_Perlis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hussein of Perlis (page does not exist)">Syed Hussein Jamalullail</a>, the sons of Syed Abu Bakar Jamalullail, the chief of <a href="/wiki/Arau" title="Arau">Arau</a>, and a daughter of <a href="/wiki/Sultan_Dziaddin_Mukarram_Shah" class="mw-redirect" title="Sultan Dziaddin Mukarram Shah">Sultan Dziaddin of Kedah</a>, was recognised as Raja of Perlis by the <a href="/wiki/Siam" class="mw-redirect" title="Siam">Siamese</a> after helping them suppress a rebellion by the Raja of <a href="/wiki/Ligor" class="mw-redirect" title="Ligor">Ligor</a>, a microstate in the <a href="/wiki/Patani_(historical_region)" title="Patani (historical region)">Pattani</a> region. The Jamalullails are of <a href="/wiki/Arab" class="mw-redirect" title="Arab">Arab</a> descent and continue to rule the state of Perlis.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The seat of the Raja of Perlis is <a href="/wiki/Arau" title="Arau">Arau</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Perak">Perak</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monarchies_of_Malaysia&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Perak"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Perak_Sultanate" class="mw-redirect" title="Perak Sultanate">Perak Sultanate</a></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Perak" title="Perak">Perak</a> sultanate was founded by the son of the last sultan of Malacca, Sultan Muzaffar Shah. His descendants still live until this day. The Sultan of Perak resides in Istana Iskandariah in <a href="/wiki/Kuala_Kangsar" class="mw-redirect" title="Kuala Kangsar">Kuala Kangsar</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Selangor">Selangor</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monarchies_of_Malaysia&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Selangor"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Selangor_Sultanate" class="mw-redirect" title="Selangor Sultanate">Selangor Sultanate</a></div> <p>The first Sultan of Selangor was HRH Sultan Sallehuddin Shah of Selangor. He took the title as the Sultan in November 1742. He was the son of the famous Bugis warrior Prince Daeng Chelak.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The state of Selangor is on the west coast of Peninsular of Malaysia and is bordered by <a href="/wiki/Perak" title="Perak">Perak</a> to the north, <a href="/wiki/Pahang" title="Pahang">Pahang</a> to the east, <a href="/wiki/Negeri_Sembilan" title="Negeri Sembilan">Negeri Sembilan</a> to the south and the <a href="/wiki/Strait_of_Malacca" title="Strait of Malacca">Strait of Malacca</a> to the west. It surrounds the Federal Territories of <a href="/wiki/Kuala_Lumpur" title="Kuala Lumpur">Kuala Lumpur</a> and <a href="/wiki/Putrajaya" title="Putrajaya">Putrajaya</a>, both of which were once under Selangor's territorial sovereignty.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The Sultan of Selangor resides in <a href="/wiki/Istana_Alam_Shah" title="Istana Alam Shah">Istana Alam Shah</a> in <a href="/wiki/Klang,_Malaysia" class="mw-redirect" title="Klang, Malaysia">Klang</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Terengganu">Terengganu</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monarchies_of_Malaysia&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Terengganu"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Terengganu_Sultanate" class="mw-redirect" title="Terengganu Sultanate">Terengganu Sultanate</a></div> <p>The state of <a href="/wiki/Terengganu" title="Terengganu">Terengganu</a> is situated in north-eastern Peninsular Malaysia, and is bordered in the northwest by <a href="/wiki/Kelantan" title="Kelantan">Kelantan</a>, the southwest by <a href="/wiki/Pahang" title="Pahang">Pahang</a>, and the east by the <a href="/wiki/South_China_Sea" title="South China Sea">South China Sea</a>. Several outlying islands, including <a href="/wiki/Pulau_Perhentian" class="mw-redirect" title="Pulau Perhentian">Pulau Perhentian</a>, Pulau Kapas and <a href="/wiki/Pulau_Redang" class="mw-redirect" title="Pulau Redang">Pulau Redang</a>, are also a part of the state.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The Sultan of Terengganu resides in <a href="/wiki/Istana_Syarqiyyah" class="mw-redirect" title="Istana Syarqiyyah">Istana Syarqiyyah</a> in <a href="/wiki/Kuala_Terengganu" title="Kuala Terengganu">Kuala Terengganu</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Succession">Succession</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monarchies_of_Malaysia&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Succession"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In seven of the Malay states, <a href="/wiki/Succession_order" class="mw-redirect" title="Succession order">succession order</a> is generally determined roughly by <a href="/wiki/Primogeniture#Agnatic_primogeniture" title="Primogeniture">agnatic primogeniture</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> No female may become ruler, and female line descendants are generally excluded from succession.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In Negeri Sembilan, the <a href="/wiki/Yamtuan_Besar" title="Yamtuan Besar">Yamtuan Besar</a> of the state is nominally elected by a council of Four Ruling Chieftains (<i>Undang Empat</i>), although succession stays within the state royal family.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1967, after the death of Tuanku Munawir, his son, <a href="/wiki/Muhriz_of_Negeri_Sembilan" title="Muhriz of Negeri Sembilan">Tunku Muhriz</a> was not selected as the next Yamtuan Besar because of his youth. Instead, the Chieftains elected his uncle, <a href="/wiki/Jaafar_of_Negeri_Sembilan" class="mw-redirect" title="Jaafar of Negeri Sembilan">Tuanku Jaafar</a>, to succeed his father. In 2008, upon the death of Tuanku Jaafar, the Chieftains passed over Jaafar's sons and elected Tunku Muhriz as the next ruler.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In Perak, the throne is rotated among three branches of the royal family. The system originated in the 19th century during the reign of the 18th Sultan of Perak, when it was decided that the throne would rotate among his three sons and their descendants. There are six positions in the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_succession" title="Order of succession">order of succession</a>, appointed by the reigning Sultan advised by his Royal Council. Traditionally, the eldest son of the reigning Sultan is placed at the end of the line. When a vacancy occurs in the line of succession, the persons behind in line is typically moved up, and the branch that formerly held the vacant seat is skipped. However, the order of succession is subjected to alteration by the Sultan and his Royal Council. For example, in 1987, Sultan <a href="/wiki/Azlan_Shah_of_Perak" title="Azlan Shah of Perak">Azlan Shah</a> appointed his eldest son, <a href="/wiki/Nazrin_Shah_of_Perak" title="Nazrin Shah of Perak">Raja Nazrin Shah</a> as the Raja Muda (first in line to the throne), bypassing the candidates from the other two branches. The appointment was due to the demise of the previous Raja Muda, Raja Ahmed Sifuddin, and the renouncement of the Raja Di-hilir (second in line to the throne), Raja Ahmad Hisham, for health reasons.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Yang_di-Pertuan_Agong" class="mw-redirect" title="Yang di-Pertuan Agong">Yang di-Pertuan Agong</a> is elected by and among the nine rulers (excluding minors) every five years or when a vacancy arises (by death, resignation, or deposition by majority vote of the rulers). The Yang di-Pertuan Agong serves a maximum of five years, and may not be re-elected until after all the other states had taken their turns. When the office was established in 1957, the order of seniority of the rulers was based on the length of their reigns on the state thrones. When the first cycle of rotation was completed in 1994, the order of the states in the first cycle became the basis of the order for the second cycle.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Table_of_monarchies">Table of monarchies</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monarchies_of_Malaysia&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Table of monarchies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="sortable wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th><a href="/wiki/States_and_federal_territories_of_Malaysia" title="States and federal territories of Malaysia">State</a> </th> <th>Monarch </th> <th style="width:10%">Succession </th> <th style="width:18%">Incumbent </th> <th style="width:10%">Born </th> <th>Age </th> <th style="width:10%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_reigning_monarchs_by_length_of_reign" title="List of current reigning monarchs by length of reign">Reigns since</a> </th> <th style="width:18%"><a href="/wiki/Heir_apparent" title="Heir apparent">Designated heir</a> </th></tr> <tr bgcolor="#FFFFDD"> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Yang_di-Pertuan_Agong" class="mw-redirect" title="Yang di-Pertuan Agong">Yang di-Pertuan Agong</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Elective_monarchy" title="Elective monarchy">elective monarchy</a> </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Ibrahim_Iskandar_of_Johor" title="Ibrahim Iskandar of Johor">Sultan Ibrahim</a></b> </td> <td>22 November 1958 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7004241090000000000♠"></span>66 years, 2 days old </td> <td>31 January 2024 </td> <td>None; elected by <a href="/wiki/Conference_of_Rulers" title="Conference of Rulers">Conference of Rulers</a> every 5 years or if the incumbent dies or abdicates the federal throne. </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Flag_of_Johor.svg/23px-Flag_of_Johor.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Flag_of_Johor.svg/35px-Flag_of_Johor.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Flag_of_Johor.svg/46px-Flag_of_Johor.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Johor" title="Johor">Johor</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sultan_of_Johor" title="Sultan of Johor">Sultan</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Primogeniture#Agnatic_primogeniture" title="Primogeniture">agnatic primogeniture</a> </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Ibrahim_Iskandar_of_Johor" title="Ibrahim Iskandar of Johor">Sultan Ibrahim</a></b> </td> <td>22 November 1958 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7004241090000000000♠"></span>66 years, 2 days old </td> <td>23 January 2010 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tunku_Ismail_Idris" title="Tunku Ismail Idris">Tunku Ismail Idris</a>, the Tunku Mahkota<br />(eldest son) </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Flag_of_Kedah.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kedah.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Flag_of_Kedah.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kedah.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Flag_of_Kedah.svg/46px-Flag_of_Kedah.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Kedah" title="Kedah">Kedah</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kedah_Sultanate" title="Kedah Sultanate">Sultan</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Primogeniture#Agnatic_primogeniture" title="Primogeniture">agnatic primogeniture</a> </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Sallehuddin_of_Kedah" title="Sallehuddin of Kedah">Sultan Sallehuddin</a></b> </td> <td>30 April 1942 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7004301590000000000♠"></span>82 years, 208 days old </td> <td>11 September 2017 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tengku_Sarafudin_Badlishah" title="Tengku Sarafudin Badlishah">Tengku Sarafudin Badlishah</a>, the Raja Muda<br />(eldest son) </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Flag_of_Kelantan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kelantan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Flag_of_Kelantan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kelantan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Flag_of_Kelantan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Kelantan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1440" data-file-height="720" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Kelantan" title="Kelantan">Kelantan</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sultan_of_Kelantan" title="Sultan of Kelantan">Sultan</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Primogeniture#Agnatic_primogeniture" title="Primogeniture">agnatic primogeniture</a> </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_V_of_Kelantan" title="Muhammad V of Kelantan">Sultan Muhammad V</a></b> </td> <td>6 October 1969 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7004201380000000000♠"></span>55 years, 49 days old </td> <td>13 September 2010 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tengku_Muhammad_Fakhry_Petra" title="Tengku Muhammad Fakhry Petra">Tengku Muhammad Fakhry Petra</a>, the Tengku Mahkota<br />(youngest brother) </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Flag_of_Negeri_Sembilan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Negeri_Sembilan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Flag_of_Negeri_Sembilan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Negeri_Sembilan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Flag_of_Negeri_Sembilan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Negeri_Sembilan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Negeri_Sembilan" title="Negeri Sembilan">Negeri Sembilan</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Yamtuan_Besar" title="Yamtuan Besar">Yang di-Pertuan Besar</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Elective_monarchy" title="Elective monarchy">elective monarchy</a> </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Muhriz_of_Negeri_Sembilan" title="Muhriz of Negeri Sembilan">Tuanku Muhriz</a></b> </td> <td>14 January 1948 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7004280740000000000♠"></span>76 years, 315 days old </td> <td>29 December 2008 </td> <td>None; elected by the four ruling chieftains (<a href="/wiki/Undang" title="Undang">Undangs</a>) from male descendants of previous <a href="/wiki/Yamtuan_Besar" title="Yamtuan Besar">Yamtuan Besars</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Pahang.svg/23px-Flag_of_Pahang.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Pahang.svg/35px-Flag_of_Pahang.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Pahang.svg/46px-Flag_of_Pahang.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Pahang" title="Pahang">Pahang</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sultan_of_Pahang" title="Sultan of Pahang">Sultan</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Primogeniture#Agnatic_primogeniture" title="Primogeniture">agnatic primogeniture</a> </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Abdullah_of_Pahang" title="Abdullah of Pahang">Al-Sultan Abdullah Ri'ayatuddin Al-Mustafa Billah Shah</a></b> </td> <td>30 July 1959 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7004238590000000000♠"></span>65 years, 117 days old </td> <td>11 January 2019 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tengku_Hassanal_Ibrahim_Alam_Shah" title="Tengku Hassanal Ibrahim Alam Shah">Tengku Hassanal Ibrahim Alam Shah</a>, the Tengku Mahkota<br />(eldest son) </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Flag_of_Perak.svg/23px-Flag_of_Perak.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Flag_of_Perak.svg/35px-Flag_of_Perak.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Flag_of_Perak.svg/46px-Flag_of_Perak.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Perak" title="Perak">Perak</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sultan_of_Perak" title="Sultan of Perak">Sultan</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Agnatic_seniority" title="Agnatic seniority">agnatic seniority</a> </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Nazrin_Shah_of_Perak" title="Nazrin Shah of Perak">Sultan Nazrin Muizzuddin Shah</a> </b> </td> <td>27 November 1956 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7004248340000000000♠"></span>67 years, 363 days old </td> <td>29 May 2014 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Raja_Jaafar" title="Raja Jaafar">Raja Jaafar</a>, the Raja Muda <br />(eldest uncle) </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Perlis.svg/23px-Flag_of_Perlis.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Perlis.svg/35px-Flag_of_Perlis.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Perlis.svg/46px-Flag_of_Perlis.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Perlis" title="Perlis">Perlis</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/House_of_Jamalullail_(Perlis)" title="House of Jamalullail (Perlis)">Raja</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Primogeniture#Agnatic_primogeniture" title="Primogeniture">agnatic primogeniture</a> </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Sirajuddin_of_Perlis" title="Sirajuddin of Perlis">Tuanku Syed Sirajuddin</a></b> </td> <td>17 May 1943 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7004297770000000000♠"></span>81 years, 191 days old </td> <td>17 April 2000 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tuanku_Syed_Faizuddin_Putra_Jamalullail" title="Tuanku Syed Faizuddin Putra Jamalullail">Tuanku Syed Faizuddin Putra</a>, the Raja Muda<br />(eldest son) </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Flag_of_Selangor.svg/23px-Flag_of_Selangor.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Flag_of_Selangor.svg/35px-Flag_of_Selangor.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Flag_of_Selangor.svg/46px-Flag_of_Selangor.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Selangor" title="Selangor">Selangor</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sultan_of_Selangor" title="Sultan of Selangor">Sultan</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Primogeniture#Agnatic_primogeniture" title="Primogeniture">agnatic primogeniture</a> </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Sharafuddin_of_Selangor" title="Sharafuddin of Selangor">Sultan Sharafuddin Idris Shah</a></b> </td> <td>24 December 1945 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7004288250000000000♠"></span>78 years, 336 days old </td> <td>21 November 2001 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tengku_Amir_Shah" title="Tengku Amir Shah">Tengku Amir Shah</a>, the Raja Muda<br />(eldest son) </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Flag_of_Terengganu.svg/23px-Flag_of_Terengganu.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Flag_of_Terengganu.svg/35px-Flag_of_Terengganu.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Flag_of_Terengganu.svg/46px-Flag_of_Terengganu.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Terengganu" title="Terengganu">Terengganu</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sultan_of_Terengganu" title="Sultan of Terengganu">Sultan</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Primogeniture#Agnatic_primogeniture" title="Primogeniture">agnatic primogeniture</a> </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Mizan_Zainal_Abidin_of_Terengganu" title="Mizan Zainal Abidin of Terengganu">Sultan Mizan Zainal Abidin</a></b> </td> <td>22 January 1962 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7004229520000000000♠"></span>62 years, 307 days old </td> <td>15 May 1998 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tengku_Muhammad_Ismail" title="Tengku Muhammad Ismail">Tengku Muhammad Ismail</a>, the Yang di-Pertuan Muda<br />(eldest son) </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Consorts">Consorts</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monarchies_of_Malaysia&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Consorts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The title of the consort of a monarch is not generally fixed and not automatically obtained <a href="/wiki/Courtesy_title" title="Courtesy title">by courtesy</a>. A consort may only use a title if it is granted to her either by order of the ruler or during a coronation ceremony.<sup id="cite_ref-sultanah_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sultanah-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The consorts of different states have different titles, some do not even receive one.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The title of a consort in a state may also change depending on the ruler. For instance, the wife of <a href="/wiki/Ismail_Nasiruddin_of_Terengganu" title="Ismail Nasiruddin of Terengganu">Sultan Ismail Nasiruddin of Terengganu</a> was known as the Tengku Ampuan Besar,<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while the wife of his grandson <a href="/wiki/Mizan_Zainal_Abidin_of_Terengganu" title="Mizan Zainal Abidin of Terengganu">Sultan Mizan Zainal Abidin</a> is known as the Sultanah (formerly Permaisuri).<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Titles of consorts usually take the form Che Puan/Cik Puan, Raja Perempuan/Raja Permaisuri, Tengku Ampuan/Tengku Permaisuri, Sultanah or Permaisuri.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="List_of_consorts">List of consorts</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monarchies_of_Malaysia&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: List of consorts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>State </th> <th>Monarch </th> <th>Consort </th> <th>Title </th> <th>Tenure </th></tr> <tr bgcolor="#FFFFDD"> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Yang_di-Pertuan_Agong" class="mw-redirect" title="Yang di-Pertuan Agong">Yang di-Pertuan Agong</a> </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Raja_Zarith_Sofiah" title="Raja Zarith Sofiah">Raja Zarith Sofiah</a></b> </td> <td><b>Raja Permaisuri Agong</b> </td> <td>31 January 2024 – present </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Flag_of_Johor.svg/23px-Flag_of_Johor.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Flag_of_Johor.svg/35px-Flag_of_Johor.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Flag_of_Johor.svg/46px-Flag_of_Johor.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Johor" title="Johor">Johor</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sultan_of_Johor" title="Sultan of Johor">Sultan</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Raja_Zarith_Sofiah" title="Raja Zarith Sofiah">Raja Zarith Sofiah</a> </td> <td>Permaisuri </td> <td>23 March 2015 – present </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Flag_of_Kedah.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kedah.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Flag_of_Kedah.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kedah.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Flag_of_Kedah.svg/46px-Flag_of_Kedah.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Kedah" title="Kedah">Kedah</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kedah_Sultanate" title="Kedah Sultanate">Sultan</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sultanah_Maliha" title="Sultanah Maliha">Sultanah Maliha</a> </td> <td>Sultanah </td> <td>12 September 2017 – present </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Flag_of_Kelantan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kelantan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Flag_of_Kelantan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kelantan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Flag_of_Kelantan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Kelantan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1440" data-file-height="720" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Kelantan" title="Kelantan">Kelantan</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sultan_of_Kelantan" title="Sultan of Kelantan">Sultan</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sultanah_Nur_Diana_Petra" title="Sultanah Nur Diana Petra">Sultanah Nur Diana Petra</a> </td> <td>Sultanah </td> <td>2 August 2022 – present </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Flag_of_Negeri_Sembilan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Negeri_Sembilan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Flag_of_Negeri_Sembilan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Negeri_Sembilan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Flag_of_Negeri_Sembilan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Negeri_Sembilan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Negeri_Sembilan" title="Negeri Sembilan">Negeri Sembilan</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Yamtuan_Besar" title="Yamtuan Besar">Yamtuan Besar</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tuanku_Aishah_Rohani" title="Tuanku Aishah Rohani">Tuanku Aishah Rohani</a> </td> <td>Tunku Ampuan Besar </td> <td>29 December 2008 – present </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Pahang.svg/23px-Flag_of_Pahang.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Pahang.svg/35px-Flag_of_Pahang.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Pahang.svg/46px-Flag_of_Pahang.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Pahang" title="Pahang">Pahang</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sultan_of_Pahang" title="Sultan of Pahang">Sultan</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tunku_Azizah_Aminah_Maimunah_Iskandariah" title="Tunku Azizah Aminah Maimunah Iskandariah">Tunku Azizah Aminah Maimunah Iskandariah</a> </td> <td>Tengku Ampuan </td> <td>22 January 2019 – present </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Flag_of_Perak.svg/23px-Flag_of_Perak.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Flag_of_Perak.svg/35px-Flag_of_Perak.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Flag_of_Perak.svg/46px-Flag_of_Perak.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Perak" title="Perak">Perak</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sultan_of_Perak" title="Sultan of Perak">Sultan</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tuanku_Zara_Salim" title="Tuanku Zara Salim">Tuanku Zara Salim</a> </td> <td>Raja Permaisuri </td> <td>20 June 2014 – present </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Perlis.svg/23px-Flag_of_Perlis.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Perlis.svg/35px-Flag_of_Perlis.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Perlis.svg/46px-Flag_of_Perlis.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Perlis" title="Perlis">Perlis</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/House_of_Jamalullail_(Perlis)" title="House of Jamalullail (Perlis)">Raja</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tuanku_Tengku_Fauziah" title="Tuanku Tengku Fauziah">Tuanku Tengku Fauziah</a> </td> <td>Raja Perempuan </td> <td>14 July 2000 – present </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Flag_of_Selangor.svg/23px-Flag_of_Selangor.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Flag_of_Selangor.svg/35px-Flag_of_Selangor.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Flag_of_Selangor.svg/46px-Flag_of_Selangor.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Selangor" title="Selangor">Selangor</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sultan_of_Selangor" title="Sultan of Selangor">Sultan</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tengku_Permaisuri_Norashikin" title="Tengku Permaisuri Norashikin">Tengku Permaisuri Norashikin</a> </td> <td>Tengku Permaisuri </td> <td>8 Sept 2016–present<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Flag_of_Terengganu.svg/23px-Flag_of_Terengganu.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Flag_of_Terengganu.svg/35px-Flag_of_Terengganu.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Flag_of_Terengganu.svg/46px-Flag_of_Terengganu.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Terengganu" title="Terengganu">Terengganu</a> </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Sultan_of_Terengganu" title="Sultan of Terengganu">Sultan</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sultanah_Nur_Zahirah" title="Sultanah Nur Zahirah">Permaisuri Nur Zahirah</a> </td> <td>Permaisuri </td> <td>19 July 1998 – 5 June 2006 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sultanah_Nur_Zahirah" title="Sultanah Nur Zahirah">Sultanah Nur Zahirah</a> </td> <td>Sultanah </td> <td>5 June 2006 – present </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Royal_capitals">Royal capitals</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monarchies_of_Malaysia&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Royal capitals"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The royal capitals (<a href="/wiki/Malay_language" title="Malay language">Malay</a>: <i>Bandar diraja</i>) are the cities and towns where the official residences of the rulers are situated. In some states, the royal capital is different from the administrative capital. </p><p>The Yang di-Pertuan Agong resides in <a href="/wiki/Kuala_Lumpur" title="Kuala Lumpur">Kuala Lumpur</a>. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>States</th> <th>Royal capital</th> <th>State capital</th> <th>Ruler title </th></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Flag_of_Johor.svg/23px-Flag_of_Johor.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Flag_of_Johor.svg/35px-Flag_of_Johor.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Flag_of_Johor.svg/46px-Flag_of_Johor.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Johor" title="Johor">Johor</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Muar_(town)" title="Muar (town)">Muar</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Johor_Bahru" title="Johor Bahru">Johor Bahru</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sultan" title="Sultan">Sultan</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Flag_of_Kedah.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kedah.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Flag_of_Kedah.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kedah.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Flag_of_Kedah.svg/46px-Flag_of_Kedah.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Kedah" title="Kedah">Kedah</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Alor_Setar" title="Alor Setar">Alor Setar</a> (<a href="/wiki/Anak_Bukit" title="Anak Bukit">Anak Bukit</a>)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Alor_Setar" title="Alor Setar">Alor Setar</a></td> <td>Sultan </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Flag_of_Kelantan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kelantan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Flag_of_Kelantan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kelantan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Flag_of_Kelantan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Kelantan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1440" data-file-height="720" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Kelantan" title="Kelantan">Kelantan</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kota_Bharu" title="Kota Bharu">Kota Bharu</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kubang_Kerian" title="Kubang Kerian">Kubang Kerian</a>)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kota_Bharu" title="Kota Bharu">Kota Bharu</a></td> <td>Sultan </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Flag_of_Negeri_Sembilan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Negeri_Sembilan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Flag_of_Negeri_Sembilan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Negeri_Sembilan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Flag_of_Negeri_Sembilan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Negeri_Sembilan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Negeri_Sembilan" title="Negeri Sembilan">Negeri Sembilan</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Seri_Menanti" title="Seri Menanti">Seri Menanti</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Seremban" title="Seremban">Seremban</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Yamtuan_Besar" title="Yamtuan Besar">Yamtuan Besar</a> (Yang di-Pertuan Besar) </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Pahang.svg/23px-Flag_of_Pahang.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Pahang.svg/35px-Flag_of_Pahang.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Pahang.svg/46px-Flag_of_Pahang.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Pahang" title="Pahang">Pahang</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pekan,_Pahang" title="Pekan, Pahang">Pekan</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kuantan" title="Kuantan">Kuantan</a></td> <td>Sultan </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Flag_of_Perak.svg/23px-Flag_of_Perak.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Flag_of_Perak.svg/35px-Flag_of_Perak.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Flag_of_Perak.svg/46px-Flag_of_Perak.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Perak" title="Perak">Perak</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kuala_Kangsar" class="mw-redirect" title="Kuala Kangsar">Kuala Kangsar</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ipoh" title="Ipoh">Ipoh</a></td> <td>Sultan </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Perlis.svg/23px-Flag_of_Perlis.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Perlis.svg/35px-Flag_of_Perlis.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Perlis.svg/46px-Flag_of_Perlis.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Perlis" title="Perlis">Perlis</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Arau" title="Arau">Arau</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kangar" title="Kangar">Kangar</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Raja" title="Raja">Raja</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Flag_of_Selangor.svg/23px-Flag_of_Selangor.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Flag_of_Selangor.svg/35px-Flag_of_Selangor.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Flag_of_Selangor.svg/46px-Flag_of_Selangor.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Selangor" title="Selangor">Selangor</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Klang,_Malaysia" class="mw-redirect" title="Klang, Malaysia">Klang</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Shah_Alam" title="Shah Alam">Shah Alam</a></td> <td>Sultan </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Flag_of_Terengganu.svg/23px-Flag_of_Terengganu.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Flag_of_Terengganu.svg/35px-Flag_of_Terengganu.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Flag_of_Terengganu.svg/46px-Flag_of_Terengganu.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Terengganu" title="Terengganu">Terengganu</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kuala_Terengganu" title="Kuala Terengganu">Kuala Terengganu</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kuala_Terengganu" title="Kuala Terengganu">Kuala Terengganu</a></td> <td>Sultan </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Living_former_consorts">Living former consorts</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monarchies_of_Malaysia&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Living former consorts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tunku_Puan_Nora" title="Tunku Puan Nora">Tunku Puan Nora</a> (dowager of <a href="/wiki/Ismail_of_Johor" title="Ismail of Johor">Sultan Ismail</a>)<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raja_Permaisuri_Tuanku_Bainun" title="Raja Permaisuri Tuanku Bainun">Raja Permaisuri Tuanku Bainun</a> (dowager of <a href="/wiki/Azlan_Shah_of_Perak" title="Azlan Shah of Perak">Sultan Azlan Muhibuddin Shah</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Permaisuri_Siti_Aishah" title="Permaisuri Siti Aishah">Permaisuri Siti Aishah</a> (dowager of <a href="/wiki/Salahuddin_of_Selangor" title="Salahuddin of Selangor">Sultan Salahuddin Abdul Aziz Shah</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Che_Puan_Besar_Haminah" title="Che Puan Besar Haminah">Che Puan Besar Haminah</a> (dowager of <a href="/wiki/Abdul_Halim_of_Kedah" title="Abdul Halim of Kedah">Sultan Abdul Halim Mu'adzam Shah</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cik_Puan_Besar_Kalsom" class="mw-redirect" title="Cik Puan Besar Kalsom">Cik Puan Besar Kalsom</a> (dowager of <a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Shah_of_Pahang" title="Ahmad Shah of Pahang">Sultan Ahmad Shah</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raja_Perempuan_Tengku_Anis" title="Raja Perempuan Tengku Anis">Raja Perempuan Tengku Anis</a> (dowager of <a href="/wiki/Ismail_Petra_of_Kelantan" title="Ismail Petra of Kelantan">Sultan Ismail Petra</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monarchies_of_Malaysia&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Constitution_of_Malaysia#Article_38" class="extiw" title="s:Constitution of Malaysia">Constitution of Malaysia:Article 38-2(b)</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-dfat-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-dfat_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dfat.gov.au/geo/malaysia/malaysia_brief.html">"Malaysia country brief"</a>. dfat.gov.au. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 June</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=His+Majesty+and+Her+Majesty&rft.atitle=Yang+di-Pertuan+Agong+IV&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.malaysianmonarchy.org.my%2Fmalaysianmonarchy%2F%3Fq%3Den%2Fydpa4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonarchies+of+Malaysia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110928132634/http://www.malaysianmonarchy.org.my/malaysianmonarchy/?q=en%2Fydpa13">"Yang di-Pertuan Agong XIII"</a>. <i>His Majesty and Her Majesty</i>. MalaysianMonarchy.org.my. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.malaysianmonarchy.org.my/malaysianmonarchy/?q=en/ydpa13">the original</a> on 28 September 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 June</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=His+Majesty+and+Her+Majesty&rft.atitle=Yang+di-Pertuan+Agong+XIII&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.malaysianmonarchy.org.my%2Fmalaysianmonarchy%2F%3Fq%3Den%2Fydpa13&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonarchies+of+Malaysia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kpmg.com.my/kpmg/publications/tax/22/a0053sc006.htm">"Schedule 6. Exemption From Tax"</a>, <i>Income Tax Act 1967</i>, 1967</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Income+Tax+Act+1967&rft.atitle=Schedule+6.+Exemption+From+Tax&rft.date=1967&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kpmg.com.my%2Fkpmg%2Fpublications%2Ftax%2F22%2Fa0053sc006.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonarchies+of+Malaysia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2016/09/09/sultan-sharafuddins-consort-proclaimed-as-tengku-permaisuri-selangor/">"Sultan Sharafuddin's consort proclaimed as Tengku Permaisuri Selangor"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sultan+Sharafuddin%27s+consort+proclaimed+as+Tengku+Permaisuri+Selangor&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thestar.com.my%2Fnews%2Fnation%2F2016%2F09%2F09%2Fsultan-sharafuddins-consort-proclaimed-as-tengku-permaisuri-selangor%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMonarchies+of+Malaysia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol 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Malaysia">plants</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Malaysia" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Malaysia">World Heritage Sites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_hill_stations_in_Malaysia" title="List of hill stations in Malaysia">Hill stations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Malaysia" title="List of islands of Malaysia">Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lakes_of_Malaysia" title="List of lakes of Malaysia">Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mountains_in_Malaysia" title="List of mountains in Malaysia">Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_national_parks_in_Malaysia" title="List of national parks in Malaysia">National parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peninsular_Malaysia" title="Peninsular Malaysia">Peninsular Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Malaysia" title="List of rivers of Malaysia">Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/States_and_federal_territories_of_Malaysia" title="States and 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href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Malaysia" title="Constitution of Malaysia">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Malaysia" title="Elections in Malaysia">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Malaysia" title="Foreign relations of Malaysia">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Malaysia" title="Government of Malaysia">Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_of_Malaysia" title="King of Malaysia">King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Malaysia" title="Human rights in Malaysia">Human rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Censorship_in_Malaysia" title="Censorship in Malaysia">Censorship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Malaysia" title="Judiciary of Malaysia">Judiciary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Malaysia" title="Law of Malaysia">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Malaysia" title="Law enforcement in Malaysia">Law enforcement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Armed_Forces" title="Malaysian 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exports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_and_technology_in_Malaysia" title="Science and technology in Malaysia">Science and technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bursa_Malaysia" title="Bursa Malaysia">Stock exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Malaysia" title="Telecommunications in Malaysia">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Malaysia" title="Tourism in Malaysia">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Malaysia" title="Transport in Malaysia">Transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trade_unions_in_Malaysia" title="Trade unions in Malaysia">Unions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysia_and_the_World_Bank" title="Malaysia and the World Bank">World Bank Relations</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_Malaysia" title="Category:Society of Malaysia">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Malaysia" title="Abortion in Malaysia">Abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Malaysia" title="Crime in Malaysia">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corruption_in_Malaysia" title="Corruption in Malaysia">Corruption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Malaysia" title="Demographics of Malaysia">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Malaysia" title="Education in Malaysia">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Ethnic_groups_in_Malaysia" title="Template:Ethnic groups in Malaysia">Ethnic groups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_in_Malaysia" title="Health in Malaysia">Health</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Malaysia" title="Healthcare in Malaysia">Healthcare</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_trafficking_in_Malaysia" title="Human trafficking in Malaysia">Human trafficking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Income_inequality_in_Malaysia" title="Income inequality in Malaysia">Income inequality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Malaysia" title="Languages of Malaysia">Languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Malaysia" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Malaysia">LGBT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_diaspora" title="Malaysian diaspora">Malaysian diaspora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_Malaysia" title="Poverty in Malaysia">Poverty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prostitution_in_Malaysia" title="Prostitution in Malaysia">Prostitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Malaysia" title="Religion in Malaysia">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_trafficking_in_Malaysia" title="Sex trafficking in Malaysia">Sex trafficking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squatting_in_Malaysia" title="Squatting in Malaysia">Squatting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_Malaysia" title="Water supply and sanitation in Malaysia">Water supply and sanitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Malaysia" title="Women in Malaysia">Women</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Malaysia" title="Culture of Malaysia">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_art" title="Malaysian art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Architecture_in_Malaysia" title="Category:Architecture in Malaysia">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Malaysia" title="Cinema of Malaysia">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_cuisine" title="Malaysian cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folklore_of_Malaysia" title="Folklore of Malaysia">Folklore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_literature" title="Malaysian literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ketuanan_Melayu" title="Ketuanan Melayu">Malay ethnic nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_of_Malaysia" class="mw-redirect" title="Media of Malaysia">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Malaysia" title="Music of Malaysia">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_names" title="Malaysian names">Names</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Malaysia" title="Public holidays in Malaysia">Public holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Malaysia" title="Sport in Malaysia">Sport</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Symbols</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Malayan_tiger" title="Malayan tiger">Animal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Negaraku" title="Negaraku">Anthem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Malaysia" title="Coat of arms of Malaysia">Emblem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Malaysia" title="Flag of Malaysia">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hibiscus_rosa-sinensis" class="mw-redirect" title="Hibiscus rosa-sinensis">Flower</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rukun_Negara" title="Rukun Negara">Rukun Negara</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div><div style="margin-bottom:-0.4em;"><ul><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Malaysia" title="Outline of Malaysia">Outline</a></span></li><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Malaysia" title="Outline of Malaysia">Index</a></span></li><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_Malaysia" title="Bibliography of Malaysia">Bibliography</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Malaysia" title="Category:Malaysia">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Malaysia" title="Portal:Malaysia">Portal</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Monarchies_of_Malaysia&oldid=1256145249">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Monarchies_of_Malaysia&oldid=1256145249</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Monarchies_of_Malaysia" title="Category:Monarchies of Malaysia">Monarchies of 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