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class="mw-page-title-main">Plurality (voting)</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%96%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A0%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE_(%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8)" title="আপেক্ষিক সংখ্যাগরিষ্ঠতা (ভোটদান) – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="আপেক্ষিক সংখ্যাগরিষ্ঠতা (ভোটদান)" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Majoria_simple" title="Majoria simple – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Majoria simple" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relativn%C3%AD_v%C4%9Bt%C5%A1ina" title="Relativní většina – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Relativní většina" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simpelt_flertal" title="Simpelt flertal – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Simpelt flertal" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lihth%C3%A4%C3%A4lteenamus" title="Lihthäälteenamus – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Lihthäälteenamus" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mayor%C3%ADa_simple_(pluralidad)" title="Mayoría simple (pluralidad) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Mayoría simple (pluralidad)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simpla_majoritato" title="Simpla majoritato – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Simpla majoritato" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gehiengo_soil" title="Gehiengo soil – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Gehiengo soil" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A3%DB%8C_%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%AB%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AA" title="رأی اکثریت – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="رأی اکثریت" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Majorit%C3%A9_relative" title="Majorité relative – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Majorité relative" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A4" title="बहुमत – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="बहुमत" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluralitas_(pemungutan_suara)" title="Pluralitas (pemungutan suara) – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Pluralitas (pemungutan suara)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relat%C3%ADv_t%C3%B6bbs%C3%A9g" title="Relatív többség – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Relatív többség" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kemajmukan_(undi)" title="Kemajmukan (undi) – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Kemajmukan (undi)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluraliteit" title="Pluraliteit – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Pluraliteit" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%9B%B8%E5%AF%BE%E5%A4%9A%E6%95%B0_(%E6%8A%95%E7%A5%A8)" title="相対多数 (投票) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="相対多数 (投票)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simpelt_flertall" title="Simpelt flertall – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Simpelt flertall" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simpelt_fleirtal" title="Simpelt fleirtal – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Simpelt fleirtal" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wi%C4%99kszo%C5%9B%C4%87_wzgl%C4%99dna" title="Większość względna – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Większość względna" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maioria_simples" title="Maioria simples – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Maioria simples" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plurality_(votin)" title="Plurality (votin) – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Plurality (votin)" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relat%C3%ADvna_v%C3%A4%C4%8D%C5%A1ina" title="Relatívna väčšina – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Relatívna väčšina" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Plurality_versus_Majority.png/220px-Plurality_versus_Majority.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Plurality_versus_Majority.png/330px-Plurality_versus_Majority.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Plurality_versus_Majority.png/440px-Plurality_versus_Majority.png 2x" data-file-width="756" data-file-height="454" /></a><figcaption>Pie charts illustrating the difference between a mere plurality (where the green/bottom area is less than 50% of the total area) and a majority (where the green/bottom area is greater than 50% of the total area of the pie chart).</figcaption></figure> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Poll most votes, but less than half overall</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about a majority of voters. For voting system, see <a href="/wiki/Plurality_voting" title="Plurality voting">Plurality voting</a>.</div> <p>A <b>plurality vote</b> (in <a href="/wiki/North_American_English" title="North American English">North American English</a>) or <b>relative majority</b> (in <a href="/wiki/British_English" title="British English">British English</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-Fowler1965_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fowler1965-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> describes the circumstance when a <a href="/wiki/Political_party" title="Political party">party</a>, <a href="/wiki/Candidate" title="Candidate">candidate</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Ballot_proposition" class="mw-redirect" title="Ballot proposition">proposition</a> polls more votes than any other but does not receive more than half of all votes cast.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>For example, if from 100 votes that were cast, 45 were for <i>candidate A</i>, 30 were for <i>candidate B</i> and 25 were for <i>candidate C</i>, then <i>candidate A</i> received a plurality of votes but not a majority. In some votes, the winning candidate or proposition may need only a plurality, depending on the rules of the organization holding the vote.<sup id="cite_ref-Robert_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Robert-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Versus_majority">Versus majority</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Plurality_(voting)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Versus majority"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In international institutional law, a <i>simple majority</i> (also a <i>plurality</i>) is the highest number of votes cast (disregarding abstentions) <i>among</i> alternatives. However, in many jurisdictions, a simple majority is a stronger requirement than plurality (yet weaker than <i>absolute majority</i>) in that more votes than half cast, excluding abstentions, are required.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>An <i>absolute majority</i> (also a <i><a href="/wiki/Majority#Majority_vote" title="Majority">majority</a></i>) is a number of votes "greater than the number of votes that possibly can be obtained at the same time for any other solution",<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> when voting for <i>multiple</i> alternatives at a time.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A <i>qualified majority</i> (also a <i><a href="/wiki/Supermajority" title="Supermajority">supermajority</a></i>) is a number of votes above a specified percentage (e.g. two-thirds); a <i>relative majority</i> (also a <i>plurality</i>) is the number of votes obtained that is greater than any other option. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Henry_Watson_Fowler" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry Watson Fowler">Henry Watson Fowler</a> suggested that the American terms <i>plurality</i> and <i>majority</i> offer single-word alternatives for the corresponding two-word terms in British English, <i>relative majority</i> and <i>absolute majority</i>, and that in British English <i>majority</i> is sometimes understood to mean "receiving the most votes" and can therefore be confused with <i>plurality</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Fowler1965_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fowler1965-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Plurality_(voting)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Plurality_voting_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Plurality voting system">Plurality voting system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plurality-at-large_voting" class="mw-redirect" title="Plurality-at-large voting">Plurality-at-large voting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plurality_opinion" class="mw-redirect" title="Plurality opinion">Plurality opinion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voting_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Voting system">Voting system</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Plurality_(voting)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">For example, 50 voters elect six office holders from a field of 11 candidates, thereby casting 300 votes. The largest <i>absolute majority</i> in this scenario would be 50 voters casting all their ballots for the same six candidates, which at 300 votes would be substantially higher than the <i>simple majority</i> of 151 votes—a result that no individual candidate can achieve, since the most votes any one can receive is 50. With the smallest absolute majority in this scenario, the six winners would receive 28 votes each, totaling 168, and the <a href="/wiki/Runner-up" title="Runner-up">runners-up</a> would receive either 27 or 26 votes each.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">An <i>absolute majority</i> can also mean a "<a href="/wiki/Supermajority#Majority_of_the_entire_membership" title="Supermajority">majority of the entire membership</a>", a <a href="/wiki/Voting_basis" class="mw-redirect" title="Voting basis">voting basis</a> that requires that more than half of <i>all</i> the members of a body (including those absent and those present but not voting) to vote in favour of a proposition in order for it to be passed.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"With three-cornered contests as common as they now are, we may have occasion to find a convenient single word for what we used to call an <i>absolute majority</i>... In America the word <i>majority</i> itself has that meaning while a poll greater than that of any other candidate, but less than half the votes cast is called a <i>plurality.</i> It might be useful to borrow this distinction..." —Henry Watson Fowler</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Plurality_(voting)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Fowler1965-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Fowler1965_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fowler1965_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFFowler1965" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Henry_Watson_Fowler" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry Watson Fowler">Fowler, Henry Watson</a> (1965). <i><a href="/wiki/A_Dictionary_of_Modern_English_Usage" title="A Dictionary of Modern English Usage">A Dictionary of Modern English Usage</a></i> (2 ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 725. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-953534-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-953534-5"><bdi>0-19-953534-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Dictionary+of+Modern+English+Usage&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pages=725&rft.edition=2&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1965&rft.isbn=0-19-953534-5&rft.aulast=Fowler&rft.aufirst=Henry+Watson&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APlurality+%28voting%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/plurality">"plurality"</a>. <i>Merriam-Webster Dictionary</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-12-29</span></span>. <q>a number of votes that is more than the number of votes for any other candidate or party but that is not more than half of the total number of votes</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Merriam-Webster+Dictionary&rft.atitle=plurality&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.merriam-webster.com%2Fdictionary%2Fplurality&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APlurality+%28voting%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Robert-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Robert_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRobertHonemannBalch2011" class="citation book cs1">Robert, Henry M. III; Honemann, Daniel H.; Balch, Thomas J. (2011). <i>Robert's Rules of Order Newly Revised</i> (11 ed.). Da Capo Press. pp. 404–405. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-306-82021-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-306-82021-2"><bdi>978-0-306-82021-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Robert%27s+Rules+of+Order+Newly+Revised&rft.pages=404-405&rft.edition=11&rft.pub=Da+Capo+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-306-82021-2&rft.aulast=Robert&rft.aufirst=Henry+M.+III&rft.au=Honemann%2C+Daniel+H.&rft.au=Balch%2C+Thomas+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APlurality+%28voting%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDoughertyEdward2010" class="citation journal cs1">Dougherty, Keith L.; Edward, Julian (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0951629809347557?journalCode=jtpa">"The Properties of Simple Vs. Absolute Majority Rule: Cases Where Absences and Abstentions Are Important"</a>. <i>Journal of Theoretical Politics</i>. <b>22</b>: 85–122. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0951629809347557">10.1177/0951629809347557</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Theoretical+Politics&rft.atitle=The+Properties+of+Simple+Vs.+Absolute+Majority+Rule%3A+Cases+Where+Absences+and+Abstentions+Are+Important&rft.volume=22&rft.pages=85-122&rft.date=2010&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F0951629809347557&rft.aulast=Dougherty&rft.aufirst=Keith+L.&rft.au=Edward%2C+Julian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjournals.sagepub.com%2Fdoi%2Fabs%2F10.1177%2F0951629809347557%3FjournalCode%3Djtpa&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APlurality+%28voting%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://peo.gov.au/understand-our-parliament/your-questions-on-notice/questions/in-parliament-which-votes-require-a-simple-majority-and-which-votes-require-an-absolute-majority">"In Parliament, which votes require a simple majority and which votes require an absolute majority? - Parliamentary Education Office"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=In+Parliament%2C+which+votes+require+a+simple+majority+and+which+votes+require+an+absolute+majority%3F+-+Parliamentary+Education+Office&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpeo.gov.au%2Funderstand-our-parliament%2Fyour-questions-on-notice%2Fquestions%2Fin-parliament-which-votes-require-a-simple-majority-and-which-votes-require-an-absolute-majority&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APlurality+%28voting%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchermersBlokker2011" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Henry_G._Schermers" title="Henry G. Schermers">Schermers, Henry G.</a>; <a href="/w/index.php?title=Niels_Blokker&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Niels Blokker (page does not exist)">Blokker, Niels M.</a> (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=OMXToQLp21UC&q=relative+majority"><i>International Institutional Law: Unity Within Diversity</i></a> (5 ed.). Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9004187986" title="Special:BookSources/978-9004187986"><bdi>978-9004187986</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=International+Institutional+Law%3A+Unity+Within+Diversity&rft.edition=5&rft.pub=Martinus+Nijhoff+Publishers&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-9004187986&rft.aulast=Schermers&rft.aufirst=Henry+G.&rft.au=Blokker%2C+Niels+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DOMXToQLp21UC%26q%3Drelative%2Bmajority&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APlurality+%28voting%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Majorities" title="Template:Majorities"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:white">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Majorities" title="Template talk:Majorities"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:white">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Majorities" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Majorities"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:white">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Types_of_majority" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Types of majority</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left; background-color:transparent;"><a href="/wiki/Single-winner_voting_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Single-winner voting system">Single member</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Plurality</a> (relative majority)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Majority" title="Majority">Majority</a> (absolute majority)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supermajority" title="Supermajority">Supermajority</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Double_majority" title="Double majority">Double majority</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Plurality_(voting)&oldid=1248916708">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Plurality_(voting)&oldid=1248916708</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a 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