CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <title>Clara Fuchsman - ESS Open Archive </title> <meta name="description" content="Clara Fuchsman">  <script src="https://cmp.osano.com/AzZdRbSORDOOzF9W/834aded8-af76-45a5-b64d-c79bebafd5fd/osano.js"></script> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.authorea.com/users/561608-clara-fuchsman" />  <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"> <meta name="twitter:site" content="@authorea"> <meta name="twitter:description" content=""> <meta name="twitter:image" content="data:image/jpg;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAJYAAACWCAMAAAAL34HQAAAABGdBTUEAALGP C/xhBQAAACBjSFJNAAB6JgAAgIQAAPoAAACA6AAAdTAAAOpgAAA6mAAAF3Cc ulE8AAACTFBMVEW7Zcq7ZMq6ZMm7Zsq8Z8q8aMu8acu6Ysm3XMe1V8WzVMSy UsOyUcO0VcS1WMW4Xse6ZMq6Y8m5YMi5YsmyUMO2W8a/bs3HgdPOkdnTm9zU n97Unt3RmNvMjNfEe9GxUMK5YcjIgtTmx+v9/P7////69fvfuObEetH+/v7D d9C7Z8q1Wcb+/P7+/f758/vNj9jSmdvCdc+2WsawTcLJhtX37fi/cM3Rl9v9 +/3BdM+4YMixT8LivejRmduwTMHCdM+4X8jw3vPbreOvS8Hy4fT9/P3Vod6w TcGwTsLnyez8+f3x4PTqz+7ozO3s1vD16Pf//v/FfNK0V8W7ZMnFfdK1WcWx TsKzU8S3XcfOkNn47/n//v779vu5Ysj+/v/LidavSsDareLbr+O9asutRr/V oN7DedDCdtDt1vHTnN2zUsPDeNC2Wca8Z8vhvOjftuavSsG9acvy4/WzU8Py 4vXKh9XguObQldrIg9TnyOzhu+f8+Pz37fnr0e/u2vLv2/Lv3PLz5fa0VsXJ hdXTnd20VsTSmtzeteW+bMy3XMbAcM3x4fTCds/Bc8/05/f9+v3Gf9P16ff8 +v306Pf05/bu2fLkw+rEedHXpuDAcc7KiNbhvejq0O7Wot/LitbWo9/Bcs7l xuv79vzNjtjZq+Lmxuv79/zkwuqtR7+/b83Mjdfiv+nv3PP26vjcr+O+bcz5 8vrbreLGftLFe9HHgNPMi9fXpeDz5PXr0+/Pk9r8+fzpze7ds+S3XsfQlNr6 9PvdsuTr0u/w3fMAAAAwrD91AAAAAWJLR0TDimiOQgAAAAd0SU1FB+gLFRAY DcZY4mcAAAfESURBVHgB7cH9f91nXcfxz/X+XteSnitNm6SZil+WyPUq+/Ts XOIykbXRrnUo0A0Yu0mj6KYWN+SciRhQ0AlUHAJyV+6Gcq+A94h34D3iX+ZJ 0rVpSuMPOWcPfDy+z6d1Op1Op9PpdDqdTqfT6XQ6nU6n0+l0Ot9Xwg77PhJ0 g2A30f/FJk5j1sSUbrstpdiYxuxGsuZgJpssSZbizOyRXp6by0fnjylFk47b HrKFxYPJZJMkWVo6emL59h/4wR960Q+3L77jtvmVI0omu062MLOwepCFJZls cqS0emL2R15SuObkS+88khUluyoo9Vqcg5xa7ssmRhZ7d73IGfNBGavO2I++ rDefJNsVlPKPUTnI3Wt92aSoWbjnxyvUUt3Z4V6Lw8t/YiWabEdQyq/gXr+l 6pxe68smRP0z6z8Jg8o+tcJPnW1Mti0o5ZbCLTnct9aXTYb653rnqZVtXgdl rDo7Kvz0/dFkY0EptxR2+PdQndNrfdlEqFnKr+Rn2ObFuapWtnnlZ1+VZGNB KbcUDnL3Wl82CbLm1a/hXsCpDhceePA1r33d64HqPAQOb3g46rhZUMothYOc Wu7LJuARpbmWCjgVzj/62NzGPRvrFzd/7udx541Q+YXejMksKOWWArhz6oh+ cekmWpLJDi+omRU4PE6FJ37pyEyTUoq22Dv7y+CMDfiVE0myoJRbCuDO6aMz ZxZvJpNNgBTnXkJhrMKl9RTNNGaWmjf9Ks6YU9dWTRaUcksB3HlyLVlzM5NN gvprt4MDDk/lS7rO4v1vZsBY5dfekhSCUm4pgDvDUdT3YpMgPb3y6xTGKm/9 jbdJwZ6nOLodHBjwm7kxBaXcUgB3hqMomxY1i0vgQOXeh5dMdp2s2Xo7FXCY OdcoKOWWArgzHEXZlASl3juojBV+az1Jdl1QmvttCmPOOx+OCkq5pQDuDEdR NiVSnHsXBXC4bbZRsOuC4trdDMpgMLjA76wnHVfKLQVwZziKsimRzSz/LhWo PHPUTLaXmjMLXHV+LkpKuaUA7gxHUTYlamZvBwcKD24kyfaSLWz+3tvf/Z73 vPfdl9/1mJmUcksB3BmOomw6gp7+/fdRHaj8wVZSsL0kW+itnNi28qykoJRb CuDOcBRl0xGU5t5PAdw5dVeU7SPrx12NzIJSbimAO8NR1E1sIqQ094cUwOED m41sPz3vEZkFpdxSAHfu/ODb+vuZbBKkmB9kADgsnGlk+wU9z8yCUm4pgDsf Wt9cW77R2ozJJkDW5D9iAFTquVWTHSgo5ZYCuPOOSx/+yOkbfGRoMyY7PFmT P0oFKh/bXDLZgYJSbinc0scfi7LDkzVbV6hA5cLskskOFJRyS+EWnDvmo+zw ZM3WFSpQubC5ZLIDBaXcUtjhN6ncMR9lhydrtq5QgcqFzSWTHSgo5ZbCLTh3 zEfZ4cmarStUoHJhdslkBwpKuaUADz1EHdQbDQp3PhZlhydrtq5QgconNpdM dqCglFsKt/TofJQdnqzJl6lApRxbNdmBglJuKYA/zpXLr//kDT76qZNPLvdl hydr8qcZAA6ri43sQEEptxTAnUtv6uV9ts6YZIcnxbnPUACHdKyR7afrzIJS bimAO88tp2Y/k03CcaUTn6UADn+83JftI2tif1tsZBaUcksB3BmOomw/2SQE pd7LGABe+ZNnn1awG8g0u7Zr1iRTyi0FcGc4irqJTYbiXc+BA4XPrScF20um xdNPnb7vvvtOn7p71UxKuaUA7gxHUTYlas4JHBhwfq5vsr1kS8e46uUXG5NS bimAO8NRlE2JzHpXqIAzWF412V5qNj8ADhQ+v5EkpdxSAHeGoyibkuNKJ75A Adz54tGkYNcFpd77GPhY4Us56bhSbimAO8NRlE2L+mtfBgcGPPCqKNl10tMn vkIBHD603FdQyi0FcGc4irJpkdmzV6iAw5NHkuyaoObcOXCg8qdrC6aglFsK 4M5wFGXTIqW3/BmVscoz96iRFMwsaOzS2a8yYKzwtfUkBaXcUgB3hqMomxrZ zNrXqYxV/vwvFpJplzWX1j8MDjj85XJfFpRySwHcGY6ibGqktPVXVLY5f73x rFKKMabUbN7/FDhjhU+v9yULSrmlAO4MR1E2PTKb+xsK2yp/+9zRld78/JHe ypa+Ac7j4PB3y42CBaXcUgB3hqMom57jamZnoMIbocI3//6Jf/jHf/rnb30b cBwofGMj6RGzoJRbCuDOcBRl06TUexQq26pzTXEeBwpvPmsmMwtKuaUA7gxH UTZVSutPQGGb11Lday3V2eaFV+alRjYWlHJLAdwZjqJsqqS0/nGolV3uzi4v 8C8nFhvZtqCUWwrgznAUZdMlpd7Ct8GLO89zrwPgW/cvNLIdQSm/gnvrNoaj KJsyKW2e/dd/A7yUQa2DQSnO2L/PrDQm2xWU8vtxdjx3V5RNnZrm4sUXP8Be z/zHwsZ/JpNdFZSO/hffPHny5He+w3C5L5s+WVJvZfHR//7u+cufvPw/333r O5uL68dSI9k1Mi0ur+344KpM9gKQLMXF+ZWNuZzz3Mb6w8csNZJsD5kWrpLJ XhAaa2JK/aZp+inFxiTZjWTXyF4oQTvMTLvsJrrGXlBBu4J1Op1Op9PpdDqd TqfT6XQ6nU6n0+l0Ov/P/C/4squS7kxUqAAAACV0RVh0ZGF0ZTpjcmVhdGUA MjAyNC0xMS0yMVQxNjoyMzoyNCswMDowMKA3UL0AAAAldEVYdGRhdGU6bW9k aWZ5ADIwMjQtMTEtMjFUMTY6MjM6MjQrMDA6MDDRaugBAAAAIHRFWHRzb2Z0 d2FyZQBodHRwczovL2ltYWdlbWFnaWNrLm9yZ7zPHZ0AAAAYdEVYdFRodW1i OjpEb2N1bWVudDo6UGFnZXMAMaf/uy8AAAAYdEVYdFRodW1iOjpJbWFnZTo6 SGVpZ2h0ADYwMHrevbUAAAAXdEVYdFRodW1iOjpJbWFnZTo6V2lkdGgANjAw 6S/t6AAAABl0RVh0VGh1bWI6Ok1pbWV0eXBlAGltYWdlL3BuZz+yVk4AAAAX dEVYdFRodW1iOjpNVGltZQAxNzMyMjA2MjA0YC6TSgAAABN0RVh0VGh1bWI6 OlNpemUAMTUwMjRCQujUlQ8AAAA9dEVYdFRodW1iOjpVUkkAZmlsZTovL3Rt cC9sZXR0ZXJfYXZhdGFycy8yL0NGLzE4N18xMDFfMjAyLzYwMC5wbmdWRp/Q AAAAAElFTkSuQmCC ">  <meta property="og:type" content="profile" /> <meta property="og:username" content="Clara Fuchsman" /> <meta property="og:image" content="data:image/jpg;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAJYAAACWCAMAAAAL34HQAAAABGdBTUEAALGP C/xhBQAAACBjSFJNAAB6JgAAgIQAAPoAAACA6AAAdTAAAOpgAAA6mAAAF3Cc ulE8AAACTFBMVEW7Zcq7ZMq6ZMm7Zsq8Z8q8aMu8acu6Ysm3XMe1V8WzVMSy UsOyUcO0VcS1WMW4Xse6ZMq6Y8m5YMi5YsmyUMO2W8a/bs3HgdPOkdnTm9zU n97Unt3RmNvMjNfEe9GxUMK5YcjIgtTmx+v9/P7////69fvfuObEetH+/v7D d9C7Z8q1Wcb+/P7+/f758/vNj9jSmdvCdc+2WsawTcLJhtX37fi/cM3Rl9v9 +/3BdM+4YMixT8LivejRmduwTMHCdM+4X8jw3vPbreOvS8Hy4fT9/P3Vod6w TcGwTsLnyez8+f3x4PTqz+7ozO3s1vD16Pf//v/FfNK0V8W7ZMnFfdK1WcWx TsKzU8S3XcfOkNn47/n//v779vu5Ysj+/v/LidavSsDareLbr+O9asutRr/V oN7DedDCdtDt1vHTnN2zUsPDeNC2Wca8Z8vhvOjftuavSsG9acvy4/WzU8Py 4vXKh9XguObQldrIg9TnyOzhu+f8+Pz37fnr0e/u2vLv2/Lv3PLz5fa0VsXJ hdXTnd20VsTSmtzeteW+bMy3XMbAcM3x4fTCds/Bc8/05/f9+v3Gf9P16ff8 +v306Pf05/bu2fLkw+rEedHXpuDAcc7KiNbhvejq0O7Wot/LitbWo9/Bcs7l xuv79vzNjtjZq+Lmxuv79/zkwuqtR7+/b83Mjdfiv+nv3PP26vjcr+O+bcz5 8vrbreLGftLFe9HHgNPMi9fXpeDz5PXr0+/Pk9r8+fzpze7ds+S3XsfQlNr6 9PvdsuTr0u/w3fMAAAAwrD91AAAAAWJLR0TDimiOQgAAAAd0SU1FB+gLFRAY DcZY4mcAAAfESURBVHgB7cH9f91nXcfxz/X+XteSnitNm6SZil+WyPUq+/Ts XOIykbXRrnUo0A0Yu0mj6KYWN+SciRhQ0AlUHAJyV+6Gcq+A94h34D3iX+ZJ 0rVpSuMPOWcPfDy+z6d1Op1Op9PpdDqdTqfT6XQ6nU6n0+l0Ot9Xwg77PhJ0 g2A30f/FJk5j1sSUbrstpdiYxuxGsuZgJpssSZbizOyRXp6by0fnjylFk47b HrKFxYPJZJMkWVo6emL59h/4wR960Q+3L77jtvmVI0omu062MLOwepCFJZls cqS0emL2R15SuObkS+88khUluyoo9Vqcg5xa7ssmRhZ7d73IGfNBGavO2I++ rDefJNsVlPKPUTnI3Wt92aSoWbjnxyvUUt3Z4V6Lw8t/YiWabEdQyq/gXr+l 6pxe68smRP0z6z8Jg8o+tcJPnW1Mti0o5ZbCLTnct9aXTYb653rnqZVtXgdl rDo7Kvz0/dFkY0EptxR2+PdQndNrfdlEqFnKr+Rn2ObFuapWtnnlZ1+VZGNB KbcUDnL3Wl82CbLm1a/hXsCpDhceePA1r33d64HqPAQOb3g46rhZUMothYOc Wu7LJuARpbmWCjgVzj/62NzGPRvrFzd/7udx541Q+YXejMksKOWWArhz6oh+ cekmWpLJDi+omRU4PE6FJ37pyEyTUoq22Dv7y+CMDfiVE0myoJRbCuDO6aMz ZxZvJpNNgBTnXkJhrMKl9RTNNGaWmjf9Ks6YU9dWTRaUcksB3HlyLVlzM5NN gvprt4MDDk/lS7rO4v1vZsBY5dfekhSCUm4pgDvDUdT3YpMgPb3y6xTGKm/9 jbdJwZ6nOLodHBjwm7kxBaXcUgB3hqMomxY1i0vgQOXeh5dMdp2s2Xo7FXCY OdcoKOWWArgzHEXZlASl3juojBV+az1Jdl1QmvttCmPOOx+OCkq5pQDuDEdR NiVSnHsXBXC4bbZRsOuC4trdDMpgMLjA76wnHVfKLQVwZziKsimRzSz/LhWo PHPUTLaXmjMLXHV+LkpKuaUA7gxHUTYlamZvBwcKD24kyfaSLWz+3tvf/Z73 vPfdl9/1mJmUcksB3BmOomw6gp7+/fdRHaj8wVZSsL0kW+itnNi28qykoJRb CuDOcBRl0xGU5t5PAdw5dVeU7SPrx12NzIJSbimAO8NR1E1sIqQ094cUwOED m41sPz3vEZkFpdxSAHfu/ODb+vuZbBKkmB9kADgsnGlk+wU9z8yCUm4pgDsf Wt9cW77R2ozJJkDW5D9iAFTquVWTHSgo5ZYCuPOOSx/+yOkbfGRoMyY7PFmT P0oFKh/bXDLZgYJSbinc0scfi7LDkzVbV6hA5cLskskOFJRyS+EWnDvmo+zw ZM3WFSpQubC5ZLIDBaXcUtjhN6ncMR9lhydrtq5QgcqFzSWTHSgo5ZbCLTh3 zEfZ4cmarStUoHJhdslkBwpKuaUADz1EHdQbDQp3PhZlhydrtq5QgconNpdM dqCglFsKt/TofJQdnqzJl6lApRxbNdmBglJuKYA/zpXLr//kDT76qZNPLvdl hydr8qcZAA6ri43sQEEptxTAnUtv6uV9ts6YZIcnxbnPUACHdKyR7afrzIJS bimAO88tp2Y/k03CcaUTn6UADn+83JftI2tif1tsZBaUcksB3BmOomw/2SQE pd7LGABe+ZNnn1awG8g0u7Zr1iRTyi0FcGc4irqJTYbiXc+BA4XPrScF20um xdNPnb7vvvtOn7p71UxKuaUA7gxHUTYlas4JHBhwfq5vsr1kS8e46uUXG5NS bimAO8NRlE2JzHpXqIAzWF412V5qNj8ADhQ+v5EkpdxSAHeGoyibkuNKJ75A Adz54tGkYNcFpd77GPhY4Us56bhSbimAO8NRlE2L+mtfBgcGPPCqKNl10tMn vkIBHD603FdQyi0FcGc4irJpkdmzV6iAw5NHkuyaoObcOXCg8qdrC6aglFsK 4M5wFGXTIqW3/BmVscoz96iRFMwsaOzS2a8yYKzwtfUkBaXcUgB3hqMomxrZ zNrXqYxV/vwvFpJplzWX1j8MDjj85XJfFpRySwHcGY6ibGqktPVXVLY5f73x rFKKMabUbN7/FDhjhU+v9yULSrmlAO4MR1E2PTKb+xsK2yp/+9zRld78/JHe ypa+Ac7j4PB3y42CBaXcUgB3hqMom57jamZnoMIbocI3//6Jf/jHf/rnb30b cBwofGMj6RGzoJRbCuDOcBRl06TUexQq26pzTXEeBwpvPmsmMwtKuaUA7gxH UTZVSutPQGGb11Lday3V2eaFV+alRjYWlHJLAdwZjqJsqqS0/nGolV3uzi4v 8C8nFhvZtqCUWwrgznAUZdMlpd7Ct8GLO89zrwPgW/cvNLIdQSm/gnvrNoaj KJsyKW2e/dd/A7yUQa2DQSnO2L/PrDQm2xWU8vtxdjx3V5RNnZrm4sUXP8Be z/zHwsZ/JpNdFZSO/hffPHny5He+w3C5L5s+WVJvZfHR//7u+cufvPw/333r O5uL68dSI9k1Mi0ur+344KpM9gKQLMXF+ZWNuZzz3Mb6w8csNZJsD5kWrpLJ XhAaa2JK/aZp+inFxiTZjWTXyF4oQTvMTLvsJrrGXlBBu4J1Op1Op9PpdDqd TqfT6XQ6nU6n0+l0Ov/P/C/4squS7kxUqAAAACV0RVh0ZGF0ZTpjcmVhdGUA MjAyNC0xMS0yMVQxNjoyMzoyNCswMDowMKA3UL0AAAAldEVYdGRhdGU6bW9k aWZ5ADIwMjQtMTEtMjFUMTY6MjM6MjQrMDA6MDDRaugBAAAAIHRFWHRzb2Z0 d2FyZQBodHRwczovL2ltYWdlbWFnaWNrLm9yZ7zPHZ0AAAAYdEVYdFRodW1i OjpEb2N1bWVudDo6UGFnZXMAMaf/uy8AAAAYdEVYdFRodW1iOjpJbWFnZTo6 SGVpZ2h0ADYwMHrevbUAAAAXdEVYdFRodW1iOjpJbWFnZTo6V2lkdGgANjAw 6S/t6AAAABl0RVh0VGh1bWI6Ok1pbWV0eXBlAGltYWdlL3BuZz+yVk4AAAAX dEVYdFRodW1iOjpNVGltZQAxNzMyMjA2MjA0YC6TSgAAABN0RVh0VGh1bWI6 OlNpemUAMTUwMjRCQujUlQ8AAAA9dEVYdFRodW1iOjpVUkkAZmlsZTovL3Rt cC9sZXR0ZXJfYXZhdGFycy8yL0NGLzE4N18xMDFfMjAyLzYwMC5wbmdWRp/Q AAAAAElFTkSuQmCC " /> <meta property="og:description" content="" />    <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="https://d197for5662m48.cloudfront.net/assets/bootstrap.2.3.2.no-print-1814f3c3650062851579a65ade26e8a5632ef954534f7d6b5c753d7b59ceeffc.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="//netdna.bootstrapcdn.com/font-awesome/3.2.1/css/font-awesome.min.css"/> <meta id='fontawesomemin' class='icon-'> <script type="text/javascript"> var tag = document.querySelector('meta#fontawesomemin') var tagStyle = window.getComputedStyle(tag).getPropertyValue('font-family') if (!tagStyle || tagStyle == 'auto' ){ var message = "font-awesome.min.3.2.1.css failed to load, falling back to local copy" localLink = document.createElement('link'); localLink.rel = "stylesheet"; localLink.type = "text/css"; localLink.href = "/assets/font-awesome.min.3.2.1.css"; document.head.appendChild(localLink); delete localLink; } </script> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://use.fontawesome.com/releases/v5.7.2/css/all.css"/> <meta id='all' class='icon-'> <script type="text/javascript"> var tag = document.querySelector('meta#all') var tagStyle = window.getComputedStyle(tag).getPropertyValue('font-family') if (!tagStyle || tagStyle == 'auto' ){ var message = "all.5.7.2.css failed to load, falling back to local copy" localLink = document.createElement('link'); localLink.rel = "stylesheet"; localLink.type = "text/css"; localLink.href = "/assets/all.5.7.2.css"; document.head.appendChild(localLink); delete localLink; } </script>  <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="https://d197for5662m48.cloudfront.net/assets/application-f72928dfd0277767fddac61c84536304fd5b8b1a9a4ffc80b0e7454c6cc3532a.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="print" href="https://d197for5662m48.cloudfront.net/assets/print-48f6b2a80288d92ba59c4fe33082a8b1d6f2e4269b1b3326557f444416db4343.css" />  <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Source+Sans+Pro:200,300,400,400i,500,600,700" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Source+Serif+Pro:200,400,600" />  <link id="theme" media="screen" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="//ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jqueryui/1.11.1/themes/smoothness/jquery-ui.css"/> <meta id='jqueryui' class='ui-state-error'> <script type="text/javascript"> var tag = document.querySelector('meta#jqueryui') var tagStyle = window.getComputedStyle(tag).getPropertyValue('background-color') if (!tagStyle || tagStyle == 'auto' ){ var message = "jquery-ui.css failed to load, falling back to local copy" localLink = document.createElement('link'); localLink.id = "theme"; localLink.media = "screen"; localLink.rel = "stylesheet"; localLink.type = "text/css"; localLink.href = "/assets/jquery-ui.css"; document.head.appendChild(localLink); delete localLink; } </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="//ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.11.1/jquery.min.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> try{if (!(jQuery)){ throw new Error("") }} catch(e){ var message = 'jquery.min failed to load, falling back to local copy' console.log(message); document.write("<script src=\"/assets/jquery.min.1.11.1.js\"><\/script>"); } </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="//ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jqueryui/1.11.1/jquery-ui.min.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> try{if (!($.ui)){ throw new Error("") }} catch(e){ var message = 'jquery-ui.min failed to load, falling back to local copy' console.log(message); document.write("<script src=\"/assets/jquery-ui.min.1.11.1.js\"><\/script>"); } </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/jquery.devbridge-autocomplete/1.4.1/jquery.autocomplete.min.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> try{if (!($('*').devbridgeAutocomplete)){ throw new Error("") }} catch(e){ var message = 'jquery.autocomplete.min failed to load, falling back to local copy' console.log(message); document.write("<script src=\"/assets/jquery.autocomplete.min.1.4.1.js\"><\/script>"); } </script>       <script type="text/javascript" src="//netdna.bootstrapcdn.com/twitter-bootstrap/2.3.2/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> try{if (!(typeof($.fn.modal) !== 'undefined')){ throw new Error("") }} catch(e){ var message = 'bootstrap.min failed to load, falling back to local copy' console.log(message); document.write("<script src=\"/assets/bootstrap.min.2.3.2.js\"><\/script>"); } </script>  <script src="https://d197for5662m48.cloudfront.net/assets/application-1f5b16cd6e0807b95ad6c981215ade8d0c6c94aa28ff4fd95f29f180d198aeb8.js"></script>  <meta name="csrf-param" content="authenticity_token" /> <meta name="csrf-token" content="VL3h2DqA4dUbfVmxEinD0Ba8w97GY_aUaze66OuOWuB-WKIt3BXca2pD2068uZFrCJ8iY__mET2GMtnNqipgrw" />  <link rel="shortcut icon" type="image/x-icon" href="https://www.dropbox.com/s/beerdz3a8j6b9ac/essfavicon.ico?dl=1" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">   <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-W1GVDSYB94"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-W1GVDSYB94'); </script>  <script type="text/javascript">window.$crisp=[];window.CRISP_WEBSITE_ID="d38f777e-0276-4c52-8a15-b5855ac4903c";(function(){d=document;s=d.createElement("script");s.src="https://client.crisp.chat/l.js";s.async=1;d.getElementsByTagName("head")[0].appendChild(s);})(); </script>  <script> window.ga=window.ga||function(){(ga.q=ga.q||[]).push(arguments)};ga.l=+new Date; var host = window.location.host; var domain = 'auto'; switch(host) { case "www.authorea.com" : case "authorea.com": ga('create', 'UA-37313163-2', domain); break; case "prereview.org": ga('create', 'UA-107005711-1', domain); break; default: // unknown domain, assume it's the main one as a fallback ga('create', 'UA-37313163-2', domain); } ga('send', 'pageview'); </script> <script src="https://d197for5662m48.cloudfront.net/assets/google_analytics_events-1a24a491691431cf90985587f97249fda8f1dba81bb8732ff3733d9378482e71.js" async="async"></script> <script async src='//www.google-analytics.com/analytics.js'></script>  <script src="//assets.adobedtm.com/59640f9fa510/415b62dc7a85/launch-3f676abb764b.min.js" async="async"></script><script>window.addEventListener('load', function () { const title = document.title || '' window.digital_dataLayer = { Pageload: { country: '', hierarchy1: '', hierarchy2: '', hierarchy3: '', hierarchy4: '', loginStatus: "not loggedin", pageError: '', pageName: `authorea:${title}`, pageTitle: title, pageURL: window.location.href || '', searchResults: '', searchTerm: '', siteLanguage: "en", siteName: 'authorea', siteSection: '' } } if (window._satellite) { window._satellite.track('pageLoad') window._satellite.pageBottom() } })</script>  <script> !function(f,b,e,v,n,t,s){if(f.fbq)return;n=f.fbq=function(){n.callMethod? n.callMethod.apply(n,arguments):n.queue.push(arguments)};if(!f._fbq)f._fbq=n; n.push=n;n.loaded=!0;n.version='2.0';n.queue=[];t=b.createElement(e);t.async=!0; t.src=v;s=b.getElementsByTagName(e)[0];s.parentNode.insertBefore(t,s)}(window, document,'script','https://connect.facebook.net/en_US/fbevents.js'); fbq('init', "1067575940294079"); fbq('track', "PageView");</script> <noscript><img height="1" width="1" style="display:none" src="https://www.facebook.com/tr?id=1067575940294079&ev=PageView&noscript=1" /></noscript>   <script type='text/javascript'> (function(){var g=function(e,h,f,g){ this.get=function(a){for(var a=a+"=",c=document.cookie.split(";"),b=0,e=c.length;b<e;b++){for(var d=c[b];" "==d.charAt(0);)d=d.substring(1,d.length);if(0==d.indexOf(a))return d.substring(a.length,d.length)}return null}; this.set=function(a,c){var b="",b=new Date;b.setTime(b.getTime()+6048E5);b="; expires="+b.toGMTString();document.cookie=a+"="+c+b+"; path=/; "}; this.check=function(){var a=this.get(f);if(a)a=a.split(":");else if(100!=e)"v"==h&&(e=Math.random()>=e/100?0:100),a=[h,e,0],this.set(f,a.join(":"));else return!0;var c=a[1];if(100==c)return!0;switch(a[0]){case "v":return!1;case "r":return c=a[2]%Math.floor(100/c),a[2]++,this.set(f,a.join(":")),!c}return!0}; this.go=function(){if(this.check()){var a=document.createElement("script");a.type="text/javascript";a.src=g;document.body&&document.body.appendChild(a)}}; this.start=function(){var a=this;window.addEventListener?window.addEventListener("load",function(){a.go()},!1):window.attachEvent&&window.attachEvent("onload",function(){a.go()})}}; try{(new g(100,"r","QSI_S_ZN_1YW7OaSUiXq6RH7","https://zn1yw7oasuixq6rh7-wiley.siteintercept.qualtrics.com/WRSiteInterceptEngine/?Q_ZID=ZN_1YW7OaSUiXq6RH7")).start()}catch(i){}})(); </script><div id='ZN_1YW7OaSUiXq6RH7'></div>  </head> <body> <div id="navbar" class="navbar__white"> <div class="navbar__left-side" > <a href="/" class="navbar__logo_anchor"> <img class="navbar__logo_secondary" src="https://d197for5662m48.cloudfront.net/images/institution/20904/whitelabel_logo_image/c7cb3398baf9966b5dd1934d992c30f2.png" /> </a> </div> <div class="navbar__article-links"> <div class="comments-button"></div> </div> <div class="navbar__right-side-content--collapse"> <a href="#" class="navbar__collapse-toggle"> <img src="https://d197for5662m48.cloudfront.net/assets/icons/hamburger-ea91f5c35622f90ca466db90b6b2cbc676402c3cce254852350b610ad80aac76.svg" /> </a> <div class="navbar-collapse__dropdown hide"> <div class="navbar-collapse__title">AUTHOREA</div> <a class="navbar-collapse__link" href="/signin">Log in</a> <a class="navbar-collapse__link" href="/signup">Sign Up</a> <a class="navbar-collapse__link" href="/preprints">Browse Preprints</a> </div> </div> <div class="navbar__right-side-content">  <a class="navbar__dropdown-toggle signin-link" href="/signin">LOG IN</a> <a class="navbar__dropdown-toggle signup-link" href="/signup">SIGN UP</a>  </div> </div> <script> jQuery(document).ready(function() { $('#help-button').click( function(e){ $.get('/help-modal-content', function(data) { $('#help-modal-content').html(data); }); }); }); </script> <div class="main-body-container" id="main-body-container"> <div class="user-homepage__container"> <div class="user-homepage__article-section">    <script> $(function(){ var alertsOnPage = $('.alert-success-v2, .alert-error-v2 ') $('.alert-success-v2, .alert-error-v2 ').click(function () { fadeOutAlert($(this)); window.setTimeout(function () {animateNextAlert()}, 500) }) function animateNextAlert() { var nextAlert = [].pop.call(alertsOnPage) if (nextAlert){ var $nextAlert = $(nextAlert) $nextAlert.animate({'bottom':0, 'opacity': 1}, 800); window.setTimeout(function () { if ($nextAlert.is(":visible")){ fadeOutAlert($nextAlert ); window.setTimeout(function () {animateNextAlert()}, 500) } }, 7000) } } function fadeOutAlert($node) { $node.fadeOut() } window.setTimeout(function () { animateNextAlert() }, 500) }) </script> <div class="row-fluid" id="user-header"> <div class="span2 offset2" id="user-info__left"> <div class="user-info__container user-info__center"> <img alt="Clara Fuchsman" width="150" height="150" class="user-profile-pic" src="data:image/jpg;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAJYAAACWCAMAAAAL34HQAAAABGdBTUEAALGP C/xhBQAAACBjSFJNAAB6JgAAgIQAAPoAAACA6AAAdTAAAOpgAAA6mAAAF3Cc ulE8AAACTFBMVEW7Zcq7ZMq6ZMm7Zsq8Z8q8aMu8acu6Ysm3XMe1V8WzVMSy UsOyUcO0VcS1WMW4Xse6ZMq6Y8m5YMi5YsmyUMO2W8a/bs3HgdPOkdnTm9zU n97Unt3RmNvMjNfEe9GxUMK5YcjIgtTmx+v9/P7////69fvfuObEetH+/v7D d9C7Z8q1Wcb+/P7+/f758/vNj9jSmdvCdc+2WsawTcLJhtX37fi/cM3Rl9v9 +/3BdM+4YMixT8LivejRmduwTMHCdM+4X8jw3vPbreOvS8Hy4fT9/P3Vod6w TcGwTsLnyez8+f3x4PTqz+7ozO3s1vD16Pf//v/FfNK0V8W7ZMnFfdK1WcWx TsKzU8S3XcfOkNn47/n//v779vu5Ysj+/v/LidavSsDareLbr+O9asutRr/V oN7DedDCdtDt1vHTnN2zUsPDeNC2Wca8Z8vhvOjftuavSsG9acvy4/WzU8Py 4vXKh9XguObQldrIg9TnyOzhu+f8+Pz37fnr0e/u2vLv2/Lv3PLz5fa0VsXJ hdXTnd20VsTSmtzeteW+bMy3XMbAcM3x4fTCds/Bc8/05/f9+v3Gf9P16ff8 +v306Pf05/bu2fLkw+rEedHXpuDAcc7KiNbhvejq0O7Wot/LitbWo9/Bcs7l xuv79vzNjtjZq+Lmxuv79/zkwuqtR7+/b83Mjdfiv+nv3PP26vjcr+O+bcz5 8vrbreLGftLFe9HHgNPMi9fXpeDz5PXr0+/Pk9r8+fzpze7ds+S3XsfQlNr6 9PvdsuTr0u/w3fMAAAAwrD91AAAAAWJLR0TDimiOQgAAAAd0SU1FB+gLFRAY DcZY4mcAAAfESURBVHgB7cH9f91nXcfxz/X+XteSnitNm6SZil+WyPUq+/Ts XOIykbXRrnUo0A0Yu0mj6KYWN+SciRhQ0AlUHAJyV+6Gcq+A94h34D3iX+ZJ 0rVpSuMPOWcPfDy+z6d1Op1Op9PpdDqdTqfT6XQ6nU6n0+l0Ot9Xwg77PhJ0 g2A30f/FJk5j1sSUbrstpdiYxuxGsuZgJpssSZbizOyRXp6by0fnjylFk47b HrKFxYPJZJMkWVo6emL59h/4wR960Q+3L77jtvmVI0omu062MLOwepCFJZls cqS0emL2R15SuObkS+88khUluyoo9Vqcg5xa7ssmRhZ7d73IGfNBGavO2I++ rDefJNsVlPKPUTnI3Wt92aSoWbjnxyvUUt3Z4V6Lw8t/YiWabEdQyq/gXr+l 6pxe68smRP0z6z8Jg8o+tcJPnW1Mti0o5ZbCLTnct9aXTYb653rnqZVtXgdl rDo7Kvz0/dFkY0EptxR2+PdQndNrfdlEqFnKr+Rn2ObFuapWtnnlZ1+VZGNB KbcUDnL3Wl82CbLm1a/hXsCpDhceePA1r33d64HqPAQOb3g46rhZUMothYOc Wu7LJuARpbmWCjgVzj/62NzGPRvrFzd/7udx541Q+YXejMksKOWWArhz6oh+ cekmWpLJDi+omRU4PE6FJ37pyEyTUoq22Dv7y+CMDfiVE0myoJRbCuDO6aMz ZxZvJpNNgBTnXkJhrMKl9RTNNGaWmjf9Ks6YU9dWTRaUcksB3HlyLVlzM5NN gvprt4MDDk/lS7rO4v1vZsBY5dfekhSCUm4pgDvDUdT3YpMgPb3y6xTGKm/9 jbdJwZ6nOLodHBjwm7kxBaXcUgB3hqMomxY1i0vgQOXeh5dMdp2s2Xo7FXCY OdcoKOWWArgzHEXZlASl3juojBV+az1Jdl1QmvttCmPOOx+OCkq5pQDuDEdR NiVSnHsXBXC4bbZRsOuC4trdDMpgMLjA76wnHVfKLQVwZziKsimRzSz/LhWo PHPUTLaXmjMLXHV+LkpKuaUA7gxHUTYlamZvBwcKD24kyfaSLWz+3tvf/Z73 vPfdl9/1mJmUcksB3BmOomw6gp7+/fdRHaj8wVZSsL0kW+itnNi28qykoJRb CuDOcBRl0xGU5t5PAdw5dVeU7SPrx12NzIJSbimAO8NR1E1sIqQ094cUwOED m41sPz3vEZkFpdxSAHfu/ODb+vuZbBKkmB9kADgsnGlk+wU9z8yCUm4pgDsf Wt9cW77R2ozJJkDW5D9iAFTquVWTHSgo5ZYCuPOOSx/+yOkbfGRoMyY7PFmT P0oFKh/bXDLZgYJSbinc0scfi7LDkzVbV6hA5cLskskOFJRyS+EWnDvmo+zw ZM3WFSpQubC5ZLIDBaXcUtjhN6ncMR9lhydrtq5QgcqFzSWTHSgo5ZbCLTh3 zEfZ4cmarStUoHJhdslkBwpKuaUADz1EHdQbDQp3PhZlhydrtq5QgconNpdM dqCglFsKt/TofJQdnqzJl6lApRxbNdmBglJuKYA/zpXLr//kDT76qZNPLvdl hydr8qcZAA6ri43sQEEptxTAnUtv6uV9ts6YZIcnxbnPUACHdKyR7afrzIJS bimAO88tp2Y/k03CcaUTn6UADn+83JftI2tif1tsZBaUcksB3BmOomw/2SQE pd7LGABe+ZNnn1awG8g0u7Zr1iRTyi0FcGc4irqJTYbiXc+BA4XPrScF20um xdNPnb7vvvtOn7p71UxKuaUA7gxHUTYlas4JHBhwfq5vsr1kS8e46uUXG5NS bimAO8NRlE2JzHpXqIAzWF412V5qNj8ADhQ+v5EkpdxSAHeGoyibkuNKJ75A Adz54tGkYNcFpd77GPhY4Us56bhSbimAO8NRlE2L+mtfBgcGPPCqKNl10tMn vkIBHD603FdQyi0FcGc4irJpkdmzV6iAw5NHkuyaoObcOXCg8qdrC6aglFsK 4M5wFGXTIqW3/BmVscoz96iRFMwsaOzS2a8yYKzwtfUkBaXcUgB3hqMomxrZ zNrXqYxV/vwvFpJplzWX1j8MDjj85XJfFpRySwHcGY6ibGqktPVXVLY5f73x rFKKMabUbN7/FDhjhU+v9yULSrmlAO4MR1E2PTKb+xsK2yp/+9zRld78/JHe ypa+Ac7j4PB3y42CBaXcUgB3hqMom57jamZnoMIbocI3//6Jf/jHf/rnb30b cBwofGMj6RGzoJRbCuDOcBRl06TUexQq26pzTXEeBwpvPmsmMwtKuaUA7gxH UTZVSutPQGGb11Lday3V2eaFV+alRjYWlHJLAdwZjqJsqqS0/nGolV3uzi4v 8C8nFhvZtqCUWwrgznAUZdMlpd7Ct8GLO89zrwPgW/cvNLIdQSm/gnvrNoaj KJsyKW2e/dd/A7yUQa2DQSnO2L/PrDQm2xWU8vtxdjx3V5RNnZrm4sUXP8Be z/zHwsZ/JpNdFZSO/hffPHny5He+w3C5L5s+WVJvZfHR//7u+cufvPw/333r O5uL68dSI9k1Mi0ur+344KpM9gKQLMXF+ZWNuZzz3Mb6w8csNZJsD5kWrpLJ XhAaa2JK/aZp+inFxiTZjWTXyF4oQTvMTLvsJrrGXlBBu4J1Op1Op9PpdDqd TqfT6XQ6nU6n0+l0Ov/P/C/4squS7kxUqAAAACV0RVh0ZGF0ZTpjcmVhdGUA MjAyNC0xMS0yMVQxNjoyMzoyNCswMDowMKA3UL0AAAAldEVYdGRhdGU6bW9k aWZ5ADIwMjQtMTEtMjFUMTY6MjM6MjQrMDA6MDDRaugBAAAAIHRFWHRzb2Z0 d2FyZQBodHRwczovL2ltYWdlbWFnaWNrLm9yZ7zPHZ0AAAAYdEVYdFRodW1i OjpEb2N1bWVudDo6UGFnZXMAMaf/uy8AAAAYdEVYdFRodW1iOjpJbWFnZTo6 SGVpZ2h0ADYwMHrevbUAAAAXdEVYdFRodW1iOjpJbWFnZTo6V2lkdGgANjAw 6S/t6AAAABl0RVh0VGh1bWI6Ok1pbWV0eXBlAGltYWdlL3BuZz+yVk4AAAAX dEVYdFRodW1iOjpNVGltZQAxNzMyMjA2MjA0YC6TSgAAABN0RVh0VGh1bWI6 OlNpemUAMTUwMjRCQujUlQ8AAAA9dEVYdFRodW1iOjpVUkkAZmlsZTovL3Rt cC9sZXR0ZXJfYXZhdGFycy8yL0NGLzE4N18xMDFfMjAyLzYwMC5wbmdWRp/Q AAAAAElFTkSuQmCC " /> </div> </div> <div class="span6 user-info__right"> <div class="user-info__container"> <span class="user-info__name"> Clara Fuchsman <a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9151-4984" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"> <img src="https://d197for5662m48.cloudfront.net/assets/icons/omniauth/orcid-ca37582cd91a671ed5cec57770e0e96c01b4b79b8b5b75d8598fc1ddac18c974.svg" /> </a> </span> </div> <div class="user-info__container"> <span class="user-info__position"> </span> </div> <div class="user-info__container"> <span class="user-info__text"> </span> </div> <div class="user-info__container user-info__container__padded"> </div> </div> </div> <br> <script> (function(){ $(document).ready(function(){ var button = $(".user-info__full-bio-link"); var container = $("#user-info__bio-container"); $(button).click(function(){ $(container).toggleClass("hidden-container"); }); }) })(); </script> <div id="user-profile"> <div class="user-profile-main"> <div class="user-profile__top-bar"> <div class="bottom"> <div class='toggle-options '> <div class='toggle-option'> <a class="underline" href="/users/561608?articles_format=list&view_mode=publications"> Public Documents <span class='toggle-option__count'>4</span> </a> </div> </div> <div class='tab-icons-container'> <a class="current-button" href="/users/561608-clara-fuchsman?articles_format=grid"><img src="https://d197for5662m48.cloudfront.net/assets/icons/grid-icon.ico" /></a> <a class="" href="/users/561608-clara-fuchsman?articles_format=list"><img src="https://d197for5662m48.cloudfront.net/assets/icons/list_icon.png" /></a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="user-article-list" class="tab-pane active sort-by"> <div class='row-fluid'> <div class='offset2 span8'> <div class="article-list-view-list"><div class="article-list-view-item"><div class="article-list-view-item__details"><div class="article-list-view-item__details-date">February 09, 2023</div><div class="article-list-view-item__details-title"><a href="/users/531468/articles/621128--microbial-diversity-and-abundance-vary-along-salinity-oxygen-and-particle-size-gradients-in-the-chesapeake-bay">聽聽 Microbial diversity and abundance vary along salinity, oxygen and particle size...</a></div><div class="article-list-view-item__authors">Jacob Cram, Ashley Hollins, Alexandra J. McCarty, et al.</div></div><div class="article-list-view-item__image"></div><div class="article-list-view-item__actions"></div></div><div class="article-list-view-item"><div class="article-list-view-item__details"><div class="article-list-view-item__details-date">September 27, 2024</div><div class="article-list-view-item__details-title"><a href="/users/561608/articles/1226236-contributions-of-vertically-migrating-metazoans-to-sinking-and-suspended-particulate-matter-fuel-n2-production-in-the-eastern-tropical-north-pacific-oxygen-deficient-zone">Contributions of Vertically Migrating Metazoans to Sinking and Suspended Particulate...</a></div><div class="article-list-view-item__authors">Clara A Fuchsman, Megan E Duffy, Jacob Adrian Cram, et al.</div></div><div class="article-list-view-item__image"></div><div class="article-list-view-item__actions"></div></div><div class="article-list-view-item"><div class="article-list-view-item__details"><div class="article-list-view-item__details-date">November 01, 2024</div><div class="article-list-view-item__details-title"><a href="/users/561608/articles/1236889-size-fractionated-suspended-organic-carbon-and-nitrogen-from-the-offshore-eastern-tropical-north-pacific-oxygen-deficient-zone-suggest-contributions-of-picocyanobacteria-and-vertically-migrating-metazoans-to-organic-matter">Size fractionated suspended organic carbon and nitrogen from the offshore Eastern Tro...</a></div><div class="article-list-view-item__authors">Clara A Fuchsman and Jacob Adrian Cram</div></div><div class="article-list-view-item__image"></div><div class="article-list-view-item__actions"></div></div><div class="article-list-view-item"><div class="article-list-view-item__details"><div class="article-list-view-item__details-date">December 20, 2021</div><div class="article-list-view-item__details-title"><a href="/users/531468/articles/608990-slow-particle-remineralization-rather-than-suppressed-disaggregation-drives-efficient-flux-transfer-through-the-eastern-tropical-north-pacific-oxygen-deficient-zone">Slow particle remineralization, rather than suppressed disaggregation, drives efficie...</a></div><div class="article-list-view-item__authors">Jacob Cram, Clara Fuchsman, Megan Duffy, et al.</div></div><div class="article-list-view-item__image"><img loading="lazy" src="https://d197for5662m48.cloudfront.net/users/531468/articles/608990-slow-particle-remineralization-rather-than-suppressed-disaggregation-drives-efficient-flux-transfer-through-the-eastern-tropical-north-pacific-oxygen-deficient-zone/master/file/figures/image1/image1.png?1669837406" /></div><div class="article-list-view-item__actions"></div></div></div> </div> </div> <div id='more-or-less-wrapper-cards'> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <footer class="marketing-footer"> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="span12"> <div class="footer-logo"> <div class="paid-institution-footer"> <strong>ESS Open Archive </strong> <p>| Powered by <strong><a href="https://www.authorea.com/"> Authorea.com </a></strong></p> </div> <div class= "inst-footer"> <a target="blank" href="https://www.agu.org/"><img alt="instution-link" class="footer-image" src="https://d197for5662m48.cloudfront.net/images/footerimage/17/image/1444bc1906abd91c131276b1777bc07e.png" /></a> <a target="blank" href="https://www.agronomy.org/"><img alt="instution-link" class="footer-image" src="https://d197for5662m48.cloudfront.net/images/footerimage/18/image/cb7906734564497de0a3f31437041a3a.png" /></a> <a target="blank" href="https://www.aslo.org/"><img alt="instution-link" class="footer-image" src="https://d197for5662m48.cloudfront.net/images/footerimage/19/image/2ba7b49d4e9ebfb8d6a63594e4a197bc.png" /></a> <a target="blank" href="https://www.crops.org/"><img alt="instution-link" class="footer-image" src="https://d197for5662m48.cloudfront.net/images/footerimage/20/image/5f09f3ba01ee824640618b4fab647408.png" /></a> <a target="blank" href="https://www.esa.org/"><img alt="instution-link" class="footer-image" src="https://d197for5662m48.cloudfront.net/images/footerimage/21/image/0a84fb71c769d225d2f482e5694749f9.png" /></a> <a target="blank" href="https://www.soils.org/"><img alt="instution-link" class="footer-image" src="https://d197for5662m48.cloudfront.net/images/footerimage/24/image/07d8633dd99ed1c0623537c2f2bd3c3f.png" /></a> </div> </div> <ul class="links"> <li><a href="/"><strong>Home</strong></a></li> <li><a href="/about">About Us</a></li> <li><a href="/advisory-board">Advisory Board</a></li> <li><a href="/editorial-board">Editorial Board</a></li> <li><a href="/submission-guide">Submission Guide</a></li> <li><a href="/faqs">FAQs</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </footer> </body> </html>