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href="#Physical_characteristics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Physical characteristics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Physical_characteristics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ancient_Egypt" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ancient_Egypt"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Ancient Egypt</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Ancient_Egypt-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Ancient Egypt subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Ancient_Egypt-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Association_with_Set" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Association_with_Set"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Association with Set</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Association_with_Set-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Disappearance_of_the_Sha" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Disappearance_of_the_Sha"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Disappearance of the Sha</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Disappearance_of_the_Sha-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Identification" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Identification"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Identification</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Identification-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Identification subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Identification-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Saluki_(sight_hound)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Saluki_(sight_hound)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Saluki (sight hound)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Saluki_(sight_hound)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_proposed_animals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_proposed_animals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Other proposed animals</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_proposed_animals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-General_and_cited_references" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#General_and_cited_references"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>General and cited references</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-General_and_cited_references-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" 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href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Set-animal_(jerogl%C3%ADfico)" title="Set-animal (jeroglífico) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Set-animal (jeroglífico)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animal_de_Seth_(hi%C3%A9roglyphe_%C3%A9gyptien_E20)" title="Animal de Seth (hiéroglyphe égyptien E20) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Animal de Seth (hiéroglyphe égyptien E20)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hewan_Set" title="Hewan Set – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Hewan Set" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animale_di_Seth" title="Animale di Seth – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Animale di Seth" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sha_(mitologia_eg%C3%ADpcia)" title="Sha (mitologia egípcia) – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Sha (mitologia egípcia)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q3945272#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" 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border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid blue; margin: 0.5em 1em; text-align: center; clear: right; float: right; margin-right: 0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="padding:0.75em; background-color: var(--background-color-base); color:var( --color-base ); text-align: center"><table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_E20.png?98104" height="38" title="E20" alt="E20" /></td><td><table class="mw-hiero-table" style="width: 22px;"><tbody><tr><td> </td></tr></tbody></table></td><td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_E21.png?a156f" height="23" title="E21" alt="E21" /></td><td><table class="mw-hiero-table" style="width: 22px;"><tbody><tr><td> </td></tr></tbody></table></td><td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_C7.png?24f62" height="38" title="C7" alt="C7" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background: navajowhite; color:black; border-bottom: 1px solid peru; padding: 0.5em">Depictions of the Set animal<br />(<a href="/wiki/Gardiner%27s_sign_list" title="Gardiner's sign list">Gardiner</a> E20, E21, C7)<sup id="cite_ref-Gardiner-1957-list_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gardiner-1957-list-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Location: E20, E21, C7">(E20, E21, C7)</span></sup> <br />in <a href="/wiki/Egyptian_hieroglyphs" title="Egyptian hieroglyphs">hieroglyphs</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Set_animal.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Set_animal.svg/300px-Set_animal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="251" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Set_animal.svg/450px-Set_animal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Set_animal.svg/600px-Set_animal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="129" data-file-height="108" /></a><figcaption>The Set-animal.</figcaption></figure> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Art_of_ancient_Egypt" title="Art of ancient Egypt">ancient Egyptian art</a>, the <b>Set animal</b>, or <i><b>sha</b></i>,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="Source and etymology? (August 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> is the affiliated animal of the god <a href="/wiki/Set_(deity)" title="Set (deity)">Set</a>. Because Set was identified with the Greek monster <a href="/wiki/Typhon" title="Typhon">Typhon</a>, the animal is also commonly known as the <b>Typhonian animal</b> or <b>Typhonic beast</b>. </p><p>Unlike other totemic animals, the Set animal is not easily identifiable in the modern, animal world. Today, there is a general agreement among Egyptologists that it was never a real creature and existed only in ancient Egyptian religion. In recent years, there have been many attempts by zoologists to find the Set animal in nature. Whether or not the animal existed is currently unknown, yet it had much significance for the Egyptians. The Set animal is one of the most frequently demonstrated animal <a href="/wiki/Determinative" title="Determinative">determinatives</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-McDonald-2000-CurResEgpt_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McDonald-2000-CurResEgpt-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some Egyptian texts suggest that Set took the form of a dangerous animal, such as a <a href="/wiki/Bull" title="Bull">bull</a> or <a href="/wiki/Crocodile" title="Crocodile">crocodile</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-McDonald-2000-CurResEgpt_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McDonald-2000-CurResEgpt-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Hieroglyphic_representation">Hieroglyphic representation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Set_animal&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Hieroglyphic representation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Set animal, <a href="/wiki/Gardiner%27s_sign_list" title="Gardiner's sign list">Gardiner</a> E20, E21,<sup id="cite_ref-Gardiner-1957-list_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gardiner-1957-list-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Location: E20, E21">(E20, E21)</span></sup> is one of the portrayals of the god Set. The other common hieroglyph used to represent Set is a seated god with the head of the Set animal.<sup id="cite_ref-Gardiner-1957-list_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gardiner-1957-list-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Location: C7">(C7)</span></sup> </p><p>The linguistic use of these hieroglyphs in the <a href="/wiki/Egyptian_language" title="Egyptian language">Egyptian language</a> is as the <a href="/wiki/Determinative" title="Determinative">determinative</a> for words portraying "items with chaos", example words related to "suffering, violence, perturbation", and also for "violent storms" of the atmosphere, a "<a href="/wiki/Storm" title="Storm">tempest</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-Betrò-1995-mythic-set-animal_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Betrò-1995-mythic-set-animal-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to Egyptologist <a href="/wiki/Richard_H._Wilkinson" title="Richard H. Wilkinson">Richard H. Wilkinson</a>, the first known use of the Set animal was upon the <a href="/wiki/Scorpion_Macehead" title="Scorpion Macehead">Scorpion Macehead</a> of <a href="/wiki/Scorpion_II" title="Scorpion II">Scorpion II</a> of <a href="/wiki/Naqada_III" title="Naqada III">Naqada III</a>. It was soon thereafter portrayed mounted upon the <a href="/wiki/Serekh" title="Serekh">serekhs</a> of <a href="/wiki/Seth-Peribsen" title="Seth-Peribsen">Seth-Peribsen</a> and <a href="/wiki/Khasekhemwy" title="Khasekhemwy">Khasekhemwy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Wilkinson-1992-RdEgypArt_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wilkinson-1992-RdEgypArt-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Pages:  66-67, E20, E21">(pp 66-67, E20, E21)</span></sup> </p><p><br /> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1275594942">@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery{width:100%!important}}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery{display:table}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-default{background:transparent;margin-top:4px}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-center{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-left{float:left}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-right{float:right}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-none{float:none}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-center .gallery{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-left .gallery{justify-content:left}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-right .gallery{justify-content:right}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-collapsible{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .main,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title>div{display:table-cell;padding:0 4px 4px;text-align:center;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .main>div{display:table-cell}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .gallery.gallery.gallery{line-height:1.35em;display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;column-gap:4px}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer>div{display:table-cell;padding:4px;text-align:right;font-size:85%;line-height:1em}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title>div *,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer>div *{overflow:visible}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .gallerybox img{background:none!important}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .bordered-images .thumb img{outline:solid var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0)1px}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .whitebg .thumb{background:var(--background-color-base,#fff)!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .bordered-images .thumb img[alt*="\200b \200b \200b "],html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .skin-invert-image .mod-gallery .whitebg .thumb.thumb.thumb img{outline:solid #d7d7d7 1px}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .skin-invert-image .mod-gallery .whitebg .thumb.thumb.thumb img{background:none!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .whitebg .thumb img:not([alt*="\200b \200b \200b "]):not([alt*="\200b \200b \200c "]){background:white!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .mod-gallery img[alt*="\200b \200b \200b "]{filter:invert(1)hue-rotate(180deg)}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .bordered-images .thumb img[alt*="\200b \200b \200b "],html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .skin-invert-image .mod-gallery .whitebg .thumb.thumb.thumb img{outline:solid #d7d7d7 1px}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .skin-invert-image .mod-gallery .whitebg .thumb.thumb.thumb img{background:none!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .whitebg .thumb img:not([alt*="\200b \200b \200b "]):not([alt*="\200b \200b \200c "]){background:white!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .mod-gallery img[alt*="\200b \200b \200b "]{filter:invert(1)hue-rotate(180deg)}}</style><div class="mod-gallery mod-gallery-default mod-gallery-center"><div class="title"><div>Egyptians' depictions of the set animal, <i>sha</i>.</div></div><div class="main"><div><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional nochecker bordered-images whitebg"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sphinx_A21,_Louvre_122006_047.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Relief with cartouche"><img alt="Relief with cartouche" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Sphinx_A21%2C_Louvre_122006_047.jpg/200px-Sphinx_A21%2C_Louvre_122006_047.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Sphinx_A21%2C_Louvre_122006_047.jpg/300px-Sphinx_A21%2C_Louvre_122006_047.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Sphinx_A21%2C_Louvre_122006_047.jpg/400px-Sphinx_A21%2C_Louvre_122006_047.jpg 2x" data-file-width="768" data-file-height="576" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Relief" title="Relief">Relief</a> with <a href="/wiki/Cartouche" title="Cartouche">cartouche</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Paris_Concorde_ob%C3%A9lisque_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Obelisk engraved text"><img alt="Obelisk engraved text" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Paris_Concorde_ob%C3%A9lisque_2.jpg/150px-Paris_Concorde_ob%C3%A9lisque_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Paris_Concorde_ob%C3%A9lisque_2.jpg/225px-Paris_Concorde_ob%C3%A9lisque_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Paris_Concorde_ob%C3%A9lisque_2.jpg/300px-Paris_Concorde_ob%C3%A9lisque_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2304" data-file-height="3072" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Obelisk engraved text</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kmt_obelisk.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Obelisk text close-up (see outside the upper right of red box)"><img alt="Obelisk text close-up (see outside the upper right of red box)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Kmt_obelisk.jpg/250px-Kmt_obelisk.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Kmt_obelisk.jpg/330px-Kmt_obelisk.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Kmt_obelisk.jpg/500px-Kmt_obelisk.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1167" data-file-height="889" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Obelisk text close-up (see outside the upper right of red box)</div> </li> </ul></div></div><div class="footer"><div><div style="float:left;"><i>For further depictions, see</i> <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Seth-animal_(hieroglyph)" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Seth-animal (hieroglyph)">Seth-animal (hieroglyph)</a> at Wikimedia Commons.</div></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Physical_characteristics">Physical characteristics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Set_animal&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Physical characteristics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The sha is usually depicted as a slender canid, resembling a <a href="/wiki/Greyhound" title="Greyhound">greyhound</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fennec_fox" title="Fennec fox">fennec fox</a> or a <a href="/wiki/Jackal" title="Jackal">jackal</a>, with three distinguishing features: a stiff tail, often forked at the end, which stands straight up or at an angle, whether the animal is sitting, standing, or walking; its ears, also held erect, are usually depicted as squarish or triangular, narrowest at the base and widest at the squarish tops; and a long nose, often with a slight downward curve. It is normally depicted as black, but may also have been reddish.<sup id="cite_ref-Budge-1904-GodsEgyp_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Budge-1904-GodsEgyp-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (June 2020)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup> <sup id="cite_ref-Larousse-1974_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Larousse-1974-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (June 2020)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The Set animal is usually depicted at rest, either lying down or seated. The shape of the head often resembles a giraffe, causing confusion between the two signs. The general body shape is that of a canine.<sup id="cite_ref-McDonald-2000-CurResEgpt_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McDonald-2000-CurResEgpt-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ancient_Egypt">Ancient Egypt</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Set_animal&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Ancient Egypt"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Set.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Set.svg/220px-Set.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="456" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Set.svg/330px-Set.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Set.svg/440px-Set.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="725" /></a><figcaption>The god Set depicted as a man with a set-animal head.</figcaption></figure> <p>Drawings of the sha appear in <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egypt" title="Ancient Egypt">Egyptian</a> artwork from Naqada III until at least the period of the <a href="/wiki/New_Kingdom_of_Egypt" title="New Kingdom of Egypt">New Kingdom</a>, a period of some two thousand years. Although sometimes described as a fantastic or composite animal, it was depicted in a realistic manner more typical of actual creatures. The sha is found on the ceremonial <a href="/wiki/Scorpion_Macehead" title="Scorpion Macehead">Scorpion Macehead</a> dating to Naqada III; on the <a href="/wiki/Serekh" title="Serekh">serekhs</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Second_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Second Dynasty of Egypt">Second Dynasty</a> kings <a href="/wiki/Seth-Peribsen" title="Seth-Peribsen">Seth-Peribsen</a> and <a href="/wiki/Khasekhemwy" title="Khasekhemwy">Khasekhemwy</a>; in <a href="/wiki/Twelfth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Twelfth Dynasty of Egypt">Twelfth Dynasty</a> tombs at <a href="/wiki/Beni_Hasan" title="Beni Hasan">Beni Hasan</a>; and, in the form of Set, in the royal <a href="/wiki/Cartouche" title="Cartouche">cartouches</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Nineteenth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Nineteenth Dynasty of Egypt">Nineteenth Dynasty</a> pharaohs <a href="/wiki/Seti_I" title="Seti I">Seti I</a> and <a href="/wiki/Seti_II" title="Seti II">Seti II</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Twentieth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Twentieth Dynasty of Egypt">Twentieth Dynasty</a> king <a href="/wiki/Setnakhte" title="Setnakhte">Setnakhte</a> and his descendants.<sup id="cite_ref-Wilkinson-1992-RdEgypArt_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wilkinson-1992-RdEgypArt-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Budge-1904-GodsEgyp_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Budge-1904-GodsEgyp-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Larousse-1974_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Larousse-1974-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Quirke-1990-WhoPhar_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Quirke-1990-WhoPhar-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Association_with_Set">Association with Set</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Set_animal&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Association with Set"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Set_(deity)" title="Set (deity)">Set (deity)</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Horus_and_Seth_crowning_Ramesses_III,_detail_of_Seth.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Horus_and_Seth_crowning_Ramesses_III%2C_detail_of_Seth.JPG/250px-Horus_and_Seth_crowning_Ramesses_III%2C_detail_of_Seth.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="205" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Horus_and_Seth_crowning_Ramesses_III%2C_detail_of_Seth.JPG/330px-Horus_and_Seth_crowning_Ramesses_III%2C_detail_of_Seth.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Horus_and_Seth_crowning_Ramesses_III%2C_detail_of_Seth.JPG/500px-Horus_and_Seth_crowning_Ramesses_III%2C_detail_of_Seth.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2418" data-file-height="2248" /></a><figcaption>Set from <a href="/wiki/Twentieth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Twentieth Dynasty of Egypt">Twentieth Dynasty</a>, crowning <a href="/wiki/Ramesses_III" title="Ramesses III">Ramesses III</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The god Set was usually depicted as a man with a head resembling that of the sha, which is why the sha is referred to by <a href="/wiki/Egyptology" title="Egyptology">Egyptologists</a> as the <i>Set animal</i> or <i>Typhonic beast</i>. When Set was depicted as a human with only the head of the Set animal, he usually had a long, slightly curved nose, and erect ears, squared at the tops. Occasionally he was represented in animal form as the sha itself, with a long, down-turned <a href="/wiki/Snout" title="Snout">snout</a>, squared ears, erect forked tail and a canine-like body, although he was also depicted in the form of an <a href="/wiki/Onager" title="Onager">onager</a> or as a black <a href="/wiki/Pig" title="Pig">pig</a>. Other animals sacred to Set included the <a href="/wiki/Antelope" title="Antelope">antelope</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hippopotamus" title="Hippopotamus">hippopotamus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wild_boar" title="Wild boar">wild boar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Crocodile" title="Crocodile">crocodile</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Scorpion" title="Scorpion">scorpion</a>, all of which represented strength, power, protection, or wildness. The sha was also used as a <a href="/wiki/Determinative" title="Determinative">determinative</a> in the names of Set and the goddess <a href="/wiki/Nut_(goddess)" title="Nut (goddess)">Nut</a>, who may be identified with <a href="/wiki/Nephthys" title="Nephthys">Nephthys</a>, the wife of Set.<sup id="cite_ref-Larousse-1974_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Larousse-1974-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Budge-1904-GodsEgyp_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Budge-1904-GodsEgyp-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Was-sceptre" title="Was-sceptre">Was-sceptres</a> represent the Set-animal or <a href="/wiki/Khnum" title="Khnum">Khnum</a>. Was-sceptres were carried by gods, pharaohs and priests as a symbol of power and, in later use, control over the force of chaos (Set). The head and forked tail of the Set-animal are clearly present. <i>Was</i> scepters are often depicted in paintings, drawings and carvings of gods and remnants of real was-sceptres have been found constructed of <a href="/wiki/Egyptian_faience" title="Egyptian faience">Egyptian faience</a> or wood. </p><p>Both the Second Dynasty pharaohs Peribsen and Khasekhemwy, whose serekhs depict the sha, identified themselves as divine manifestations of Set on Earth, as previous kings had identified themselves with <a href="/wiki/Horus" title="Horus">Horus</a>. During the <a href="/wiki/Old_Kingdom_of_Egypt" title="Old Kingdom of Egypt">Old Kingdom of Egypt</a>, Horus and Set were generally viewed as twin supporters and defenders of the god <a href="/wiki/Ra" title="Ra">Ra</a>, head of the Egyptian pantheon, and they were often depicted anointing the king, as the divine source of his authority. The association of Horus and Set probably reflected the reconciliation of a struggle between two royal cults. Following the unification of Egypt, <a href="/wiki/Narmer" title="Narmer">Narmer</a> and the kings of the <a href="/wiki/First_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="First Dynasty of Egypt">First Dynasty</a> embraced the worship of Horus, by adopting the <a href="/wiki/Horus_name" title="Horus name">Horus name</a> as part of their official nomenclature. This name identified the king as the god's representative on Earth. Seth-Peribsen, however, chose a Set name in place of a Horus name, while Khasekhemwy's royal title invoked both of the great gods, presumably in an attempt to reconcile the followers of each cult.<sup id="cite_ref-Larousse-1974_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Larousse-1974-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Disappearance_of_the_Sha">Disappearance of the Sha</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Set_animal&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Disappearance of the Sha"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Although Set was originally viewed as the son and defender of Ra and the Egyptian kings, his reputation among the people declined along with the rise of the cult of <a href="/wiki/Osiris" title="Osiris">Osiris</a>. Originally a vegetation-god, Osiris became one of the pre‑eminent gods of the Egyptian pantheon. Worship in the Osiris cult stressed the role of Set as violence personified: the murderer of his brother and usurper of his throne who, instead of standing alongside Horus, became his eternal enemy. This view of Set was encouraged during the <a href="/wiki/Second_Intermediate_Period_of_Egypt" title="Second Intermediate Period of Egypt">Second Intermediate Period</a>, when Egypt was invaded by the <a href="/wiki/Hyksos" title="Hyksos">Hyksos</a> from <a href="/wiki/Western_Asia" class="mw-redirect" title="Western Asia">Western Asia</a>. Their god <i>Sutekh</i> became identified with Set;<sup id="cite_ref-Larousse-1974_6-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Larousse-1974-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a contrary view holds that <i>Sutekh</i> is an Egyptian name only, and an epithet of Set, and was not the name the Hyksos used for their god.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Set continued to be revered during the <a href="/wiki/New_Kingdom_of_Egypt" title="New Kingdom of Egypt">New Kingdom</a>. Several kings of the Nineteenth and Twentieth Dynasties had royal names indicating their devotion to Set, and these names were written with a hieroglyphic representation of the god<sup id="cite_ref-Gardiner-1957-list_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gardiner-1957-list-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Location: C7">(C7)</span></sup> as a determinative. Here, Set is depicted as a seated deity with a Set animal's head. </p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/Third_Intermediate_Period_of_Egypt" title="Third Intermediate Period of Egypt">Third Intermediate Period</a>, however, Set was deeply unpopular: his worship was abandoned, and many depictions of him were destroyed or defaced. References to and depictions of the Set animal must have suffered a similar fate.<sup id="cite_ref-Larousse-1974_6-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Larousse-1974-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Quirke-1990-WhoPhar_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Quirke-1990-WhoPhar-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Identification">Identification</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Set_animal&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Identification"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Hieroglyphs and artwork of Set evolved over millennia until becoming standardized, making identification a difficult process; there is debate as to which hieroglyphs actually depict Set and the associated animal. </p><p>The <i>sha</i> has no independent mythology associated with it that could aid with identification in either reality or fantasy, outside of its association with Set.<sup id="cite_ref-Budge-1904-GodsEgyp_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Budge-1904-GodsEgyp-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although the Set animal is called the "Typhonic Beast", it is so-named because the Greeks equated Set or Sutekh with their own chaos-monster <a href="/wiki/Typhon" title="Typhon">Typhon</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Larousse-1974_6-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Larousse-1974-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some Egyptologist speculate that it is a purely fantastic or composite animal, which never existed in nature – the opinion of <a href="/wiki/E._A._Wallis_Budge" title="E. A. Wallis Budge">E.A.W. Budge</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Budge-1904-GodsEgyp_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Budge-1904-GodsEgyp-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> among others.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Depictions of the Set animal as an animal appear distinctly canine, but the precise identity of the animal has never been firmly established. It is sometimes described as a <a href="/wiki/Jackal" title="Jackal">jackal</a> or some other wild dog, although the jackal is usually identified with the god Anubis. In connection with Anubis, the jackal is never depicted with the distinguishing features of the Set animal: the stiff, typically forked tail; the squared ears; and the long, slightly curved nose. It is conceivable that these features were added to representations of the jackal as a contrivance to distinguish Set from <a href="/wiki/Anubis" title="Anubis">Anubis</a>. Early representations of the Set animal frequently omit the fork at the end of the tail, or show it resembling a more naturalistic tuft instead, so the idea of the forked tail may have been symbolic rather than intended to show a trait of an actual animal.<sup id="cite_ref-Larousse-1974_6-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Larousse-1974-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Saluki_(sight_hound)"><span id="Saluki_.28sight_hound.29"></span>Saluki (sight hound)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Set_animal&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Saluki (sight hound)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kurdish_Saluki.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Kurdish_Saluki.jpg/200px-Kurdish_Saluki.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Kurdish_Saluki.jpg/300px-Kurdish_Saluki.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Kurdish_Saluki.jpg/400px-Kurdish_Saluki.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5744" data-file-height="3824" /></a><figcaption>Kurdish <a href="/wiki/Saluki" title="Saluki">Saluki</a> in pursuit. Note the lofted ears and upwards-slanted tail.</figcaption></figure> <p>Egyptologist Ken Moss<sup id="cite_ref-Moss-2009-08--09-AncEgyp_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Moss-2009-08--09-AncEgyp-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> suggested the Set animal is in fact the <a href="/wiki/Saluki" title="Saluki">Saluki</a>: It is one of the oldest breeds of domesticated dog, has a curved snout, and nearly identical body to the hieroglyph, and is native to the region; when the Saluki runs, its ears and tail become vertical. Further it was historic practice and remains common throughout the <a href="/wiki/Levant" title="Levant">Levant</a> to <a href="/wiki/Cropping_(animal)" title="Cropping (animal)">crop ears</a> of hunting dogs. The Saluki is also depicted in hieroglyphs with no ostensible connection to <a href="/wiki/Set_(mythology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Set (mythology)">Set</a>, suggesting it was well known to ancient Egyptian people.<sup id="cite_ref-Moss-2009-08--09-AncEgyp_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Moss-2009-08--09-AncEgyp-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_proposed_animals">Other proposed animals</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Set_animal&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Other proposed animals"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In addition to the <a href="/wiki/Jackal" title="Jackal">jackal</a> or the <a href="/wiki/Saluki" title="Saluki">Saluki</a>, mentioned above, some scholars have historically suggested the Set animal may be a stylized representation of some other animal, such as an <a href="/wiki/Oryx" title="Oryx">oryx</a> (a type of large white desert <a href="/wiki/Antelope" title="Antelope">antelope</a>), <a href="/wiki/Donkey" title="Donkey">donkey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fennec_fox" title="Fennec fox">fennec fox</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jerboa" title="Jerboa">jerboa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Camel" title="Camel">camel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Okapi" title="Okapi">okapi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Elephant_shrew" title="Elephant shrew">elephant shrew</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aardvark" title="Aardvark">aardvark</a>, <a href="/wiki/Giraffe" title="Giraffe">giraffe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pig" title="Pig">pig</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mormyrus" title="Mormyrus">elephant-snout fish</a> or that it might represent a species that was rare and has since become <a href="/wiki/Extinction" title="Extinction">extinct</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some of the suggested animals would be known to ancient Egyptians, but rarely or never seen. </p><p>Since Set was typically depicted as a <a href="/wiki/Donkey" title="Donkey">donkey</a> or as a man with the head of a donkey from the <a href="/wiki/Late_Period_of_ancient_Egypt" title="Late Period of ancient Egypt">Late Period</a> onwards,<sup id="cite_ref-teVelde-1967-SethRole_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-teVelde-1967-SethRole-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> it is possible the donkey was the inspiration for the Set animal. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Set_animal&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_mythology" title="Egyptian mythology">Egyptian mythology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_hieroglyphs/C" class="mw-redirect" title="List of hieroglyphs/C">List of hieroglyphs/C</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_hieroglyphs/E" class="mw-redirect" title="List of hieroglyphs/E">List of hieroglyphs/E</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mu%C5%A1%E1%B8%ABu%C5%A1%C5%A1u" title="Mušḫuššu">Mušḫuššu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serekh#Peribsen_and_Khasekhemwy" title="Serekh">Peribsen and Khasekhemwy</a>—for the history of the Set animal mounted upon <i>serekh</i></li></ul></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Citations">Citations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Set_animal&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 25em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Gardiner-1957-list-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Gardiner-1957-list_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gardiner-1957-list_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gardiner-1957-list_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gardiner-1957-list_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <br /> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFGardiner1957" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Alan_Gardiner" title="Alan Gardiner">Gardiner, A. H.</a> (1957) [1927 (1st ed.)]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111122134017/http://egyptologie.ff.cuni.cz/pdf/Gardiner_signlist.pdf">"[full text]"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/Egyptian_Grammar:_Being_an_Introduction_to_the_Study_of_Hieroglyphs" class="mw-redirect" title="Egyptian Grammar: Being an Introduction to the Study of Hieroglyphs"><i>Egyptian Grammar: Being an Introduction to the Study of Hieroglyphs</i></a> (3rd ed.). Oxford, UK: <a href="/wiki/Griffith_Institute" title="Griffith Institute">Griffith Institute</a>. pp. <span class="nowrap">438–</span>548. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://egyptologie.ff.cuni.cz/pdf/Gardiner_signlist.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 22 November 2011 – via Internet Archive (archive.org).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=%5Bfull+text%5D&rft.btitle=Egyptian+Grammar%3A+Being+an+Introduction+to+the+Study+of+Hieroglyphs&rft.place=Oxford%2C+UK&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E438-%3C%2Fspan%3E548&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=Griffith+Institute&rft.date=1957&rft.aulast=Gardiner&rft.aufirst=A.+H.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fegyptologie.ff.cuni.cz%2Fpdf%2FGardiner_signlist.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASet+animal" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-McDonald-2000-CurResEgpt-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-McDonald-2000-CurResEgpt_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-McDonald-2000-CurResEgpt_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-McDonald-2000-CurResEgpt_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <br /> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMcDonaldRiggs2000" class="citation book cs1">McDonald, Angela; Riggs, Christina (2000). <i>Current Research in Egyptology 2000</i>. Oxford: Archaeopress. pp. <span class="nowrap">75–</span>77. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1841712078" title="Special:BookSources/1841712078"><bdi>1841712078</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/46566993">46566993</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Current+Research+in+Egyptology+2000&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E75-%3C%2Fspan%3E77&rft.pub=Archaeopress&rft.date=2000&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F46566993&rft.isbn=1841712078&rft.aulast=McDonald&rft.aufirst=Angela&rft.au=Riggs%2C+Christina&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASet+animal" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Betrò-1995-mythic-set-animal-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Betrò-1995-mythic-set-animal_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBetrò1996" class="citation book cs1">Betrò, Maria Carmela (1996) [<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1995</span>]. "<i>Set</i>, (variant hieroglyph: set animal)". <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/michelangelovati00deve"><i>Hieroglyphics: The Writings of Ancient Egypt</i></a></span> (English, hardcover, 1st ed.). New York; London; Paris FR: Abbeville Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/michelangelovati00deve/page/75">75</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-078920232-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-078920232-1"><bdi>978-078920232-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Set%2C+%28variant+hieroglyph%3A+set+animal%29&rft.btitle=Hieroglyphics%3A+The+Writings+of+Ancient+Egypt&rft.place=New+York%3B+London%3B+Paris+FR&rft.pages=75&rft.edition=English%2C+hardcover%2C+1st&rft.pub=Abbeville+Press&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-078920232-1&rft.aulast=Betr%C3%B2&rft.aufirst=Maria+Carmela&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmichelangelovati00deve&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASet+animal" class="Z3988"></span> A primer based on <a href="/wiki/Gardiner%27s_sign_list" title="Gardiner's sign list">Gardiner's sign list</a>, focussing on major signs in seven categories.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Wilkinson-1992-RdEgypArt-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Wilkinson-1992-RdEgypArt_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wilkinson-1992-RdEgypArt_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <br /> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWilkinson1992" class="citation book cs1">Wilkinson, Richard H. (1992). "Set Animal". <i>Reading Egyptian Art: A Hieroglyphic Guide to Ancient Egyptian Painting and Sculpture</i>. London: Thames and Hudson.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Set+Animal&rft.btitle=Reading+Egyptian+Art%3A+A+Hieroglyphic+Guide+to+Ancient+Egyptian+Painting+and+Sculpture&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Thames+and+Hudson&rft.date=1992&rft.aulast=Wilkinson&rft.aufirst=Richard+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASet+animal" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Budge-1904-GodsEgyp-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Budge-1904-GodsEgyp_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Budge-1904-GodsEgyp_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Budge-1904-GodsEgyp_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Budge-1904-GodsEgyp_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Budge-1904-GodsEgyp_5-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <br /> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBudge1904" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/E._A._Wallis_Budge" title="E. A. Wallis Budge">Budge, E. A. W.</a> (1904). <i>The Gods of the Egyptians</i>. Studies in Egyptian Mythology.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Gods+of+the+Egyptians&rft.series=Studies+in+Egyptian+Mythology&rft.date=1904&rft.aulast=Budge&rft.aufirst=E.+A.+W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASet+animal" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Larousse-1974-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Larousse-1974_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Larousse-1974_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Larousse-1974_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Larousse-1974_6-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Larousse-1974_6-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Larousse-1974_6-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Larousse-1974_6-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Larousse-1974_6-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <br /> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>New Larousse Encyclopedia of Mythology</i>. 1974.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=New+Larousse+Encyclopedia+of+Mythology&rft.date=1974&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASet+animal" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Quirke-1990-WhoPhar-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Quirke-1990-WhoPhar_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Quirke-1990-WhoPhar_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <br /> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFQuirke1990" class="citation book cs1">Quirke, Stephen (1990). <i>Who Were the Pharaohs?: A History of Their Names with a List of Cartouches</i>. New York: Dover Publications. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780486265865" title="Special:BookSources/9780486265865"><bdi>9780486265865</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/22273879">22273879</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Who+Were+the+Pharaohs%3F%3A+A+History+of+Their+Names+with+a+List+of+Cartouches&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Dover+Publications&rft.date=1990&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F22273879&rft.isbn=9780486265865&rft.aulast=Quirke&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASet+animal" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Moss-2009-08--09-AncEgyp-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Moss-2009-08--09-AncEgyp_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Moss-2009-08--09-AncEgyp_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMoss2009" class="citation magazine cs1">Moss, Ken (August–September 2009). "The Seth-Animal: A Dog and Its Master". <i>Ancient Egypt</i>. Vol. 22, no. 1.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ancient+Egypt&rft.atitle=The+Seth-Animal%3A+A+Dog+and+Its+Master&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=1&rft.date=2009-08%2F2009-09&rft.aulast=Moss&rft.aufirst=Ken&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASet+animal" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFNewberry1912" class="citation journal cs1">Newberry, P.E. (1912). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ia800708.us.archive.org/view_archive.php?archive=/28/items/crossref-pre-1923-scholarly-works/10.1524%252F9783050052465.79.zip&file=10.1524%252Fklio.1912.12.12.397.pdf">"The Cult-animal of Set"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Klio</i>. <b>12</b> (12): <span class="nowrap">397–</span>401. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1524%2Fklio.1912.12.12.397">10.1524/klio.1912.12.12.397</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:194356108">194356108</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Klio&rft.atitle=The+Cult-animal+of+Set&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=12&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E397-%3C%2Fspan%3E401&rft.date=1912&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1524%2Fklio.1912.12.12.397&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A194356108%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Newberry&rft.aufirst=P.E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fia800708.us.archive.org%2Fview_archive.php%3Farchive%3D%2F28%2Fitems%2Fcrossref-pre-1923-scholarly-works%2F10.1524%25252F9783050052465.79.zip%26file%3D10.1524%25252Fklio.1912.12.12.397.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASet+animal" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJensen1934" class="citation journal cs1">Jensen, Adolf Severin (1934). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.royalacademy.dk/Publications/Low/133_Jensen,%20Ad.pdf">"The sacred animal of the god Set"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Det Kg. Dnaske Videnskabernes Selskab, Biologiske Meddelelser</i>. <b>6</b> (5).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Det+Kg.+Dnaske+Videnskabernes+Selskab%2C+Biologiske+Meddelelser&rft.atitle=The+sacred+animal+of+the+god+Set&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=5&rft.date=1934&rft.aulast=Jensen&rft.aufirst=Adolf+Severin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.royalacademy.dk%2FPublications%2FLow%2F133_Jensen%2C%2520Ad.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASet+animal" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-teVelde-1967-SethRole-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-teVelde-1967-SethRole_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFte_Velde1967" class="citation book cs1">te Velde, H. (1967). <i>Seth, God of Confusion: A Study of His Role in Egyptian Mythology and Religion</i>. Probleme der Ägyptologie. Vol. 6. Translated by van Baaren-Pape, G.E. Leiden, NL: W. Helck / Brill. pp. <span class="nowrap">13–</span>15.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Seth%2C+God+of+Confusion%3A+A+Study+of+His+Role+in+Egyptian+Mythology+and+Religion&rft.place=Leiden%2C+NL&rft.series=Probleme+der+%C3%84gyptologie&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E13-%3C%2Fspan%3E15&rft.pub=W.+Helck+%2F+Brill&rft.date=1967&rft.aulast=te+Velde&rft.aufirst=H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASet+animal" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="General_and_cited_references">General and cited references</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Set_animal&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: General and cited references"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBetrò1996" class="citation book cs1">Betrò, Maria Carmela (1996) [<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1995</span>]. "<i>Set</i>, (variant hieroglyph: set animal)". <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/michelangelovati00deve"><i>Hieroglyphics: The Writings of Ancient Egypt</i></a></span> (English, hardcover, 1st ed.). New York; London; Paris: Abbeville Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/michelangelovati00deve/page/75">75</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-078920232-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-078920232-1"><bdi>978-078920232-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Set%2C+%28variant+hieroglyph%3A+set+animal%29&rft.btitle=Hieroglyphics%3A+The+Writings+of+Ancient+Egypt&rft.place=New+York%3B+London%3B+Paris&rft.pages=75&rft.edition=English%2C+hardcover%2C+1st&rft.pub=Abbeville+Press&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-078920232-1&rft.aulast=Betr%C3%B2&rft.aufirst=Maria+Carmela&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmichelangelovati00deve&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASet+animal" class="Z3988"></span> A primer based on <a href="/wiki/Gardiner%27s_sign_list" title="Gardiner's sign list">Gardiner's sign list</a>, focussing on major signs in seven categories.</li></ul> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBudge1978" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/E._A._Wallis_Budge" title="E. A. Wallis Budge">Budge, E. A. W.</a> (1978) [<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1920</span>]. <i>An Egyptian Hieroglyphic Dictionary</i> (Softcover ed.). Dover Publications. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-486-23615-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-486-23615-3"><bdi>0-486-23615-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Egyptian+Hieroglyphic+Dictionary&rft.edition=Softcover&rft.pub=Dover+Publications&rft.date=1978&rft.isbn=0-486-23615-3&rft.aulast=Budge&rft.aufirst=E.+A.+W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASet+animal" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBudge1989" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/E._A._Wallis_Budge" title="E. A. Wallis Budge">Budge, E.A.W.</a> (1989) [<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1929</span>]. <i>The Rosetta Stone</i> (Softcover, unabridged ed.). Dover Publications. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-486-26163-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-486-26163-8"><bdi>0-486-26163-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Rosetta+Stone&rft.edition=Softcover%2C+unabridged&rft.pub=Dover+Publications&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=0-486-26163-8&rft.aulast=Budge&rft.aufirst=E.A.W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASet+animal" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWilkinson1994" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Richard_H._Wilkinson" title="Richard H. Wilkinson">Wilkinson, R.H.</a> (1994) [<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1992</span>]. "Set Animal". <a href="/wiki/Reading_Egyptian_Art:_A_Hieroglyphic_Guide_to_Ancient_Egyptian_Painting_and_Sculpture" class="mw-redirect" title="Reading Egyptian Art: A Hieroglyphic Guide to Ancient Egyptian Painting and Sculpture"><i>Reading Egyptian Art: A Hieroglyphic Guide to Ancient Egyptian Painting and Sculpture</i></a> (Softcover ed.). Thames and Hudson. pp. <span class="nowrap">66–</span>67. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-500-27751-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-500-27751-6"><bdi>0-500-27751-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Set+Animal&rft.btitle=Reading+Egyptian+Art%3A+A+Hieroglyphic+Guide+to+Ancient+Egyptian+Painting+and+Sculpture&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E66-%3C%2Fspan%3E67&rft.edition=Softcover&rft.pub=Thames+and+Hudson&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=0-500-27751-6&rft.aulast=Wilkinson&rft.aufirst=R.H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASet+animal" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Set_animal&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Seth-animal_(hieroglyph)" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Seth-animal (hieroglyph)">Seth-animal (hieroglyph)</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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