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.hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the Hong Kong-born British painter, see <a href="/wiki/Rosa_Lee_(artist)" title="Rosa Lee (artist)">Rosa Lee (artist)</a>.</div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Statistician</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Rosa Mabel Lee</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Rosa_Mabel_Lee_while_working_in_Lowestoft.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Rosa_Mabel_Lee_while_working_in_Lowestoft.jpg/220px-Rosa_Mabel_Lee_while_working_in_Lowestoft.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="219" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b5/Rosa_Mabel_Lee_while_working_in_Lowestoft.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="313" data-file-height="311" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data">1884<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace">Conwy, Caernarvonshire, Wales</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">1976<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace">Greenwich, London, England</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Alma mater</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Bangor_University" title="Bangor University">Bangor University</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Known for</th><td class="infobox-data">First woman to work as a government fisheries scientist in the UK</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><b>Scientific career</b></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Fields</th><td class="infobox-data category"> <ul><li>Statistics</li> <li>Fisheries Science</li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Institutions</th><td class="infobox-data"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marine_Biological_Association_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom">Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Agriculture,_Fisheries_and_Food_(United_Kingdom)" title="Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (United Kingdom)">Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (United Kingdom)</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Rosa Mabel Lee</b> (1884-1976) was a British <a href="/wiki/Statistician" title="Statistician">statistician</a>, the first woman scientist to be employed by the <a href="/wiki/Marine_Biological_Association" class="mw-redirect" title="Marine Biological Association">Marine Biological Association</a> and the first woman to work as a government <a href="/wiki/Fisheries_science" title="Fisheries science">fishery scientist</a> in the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>. </p><p>Lee studied the growth of fish using the growth rings on their scales. In 1920, she discovered the effect now known as the 'Lee phenomenon' or 'Rosa Lee Phenomenon', and her results are still cited in modern publications. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_years">Early years</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rosa_Lee&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early years"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Lee was born in <a href="/wiki/Conwy" title="Conwy">Conwy, Caernarvonshire</a> in 1884. Her father, George Henry Payne Lee was a civil servant, born in <a href="/wiki/Exeter" title="Exeter">Exeter, Devon</a>. Her mother was Maria Agnes, born in <a href="/wiki/St_Pancras,_London" title="St Pancras, London">St Pancras, London</a>. In 1894, her father worked in Conwy as a postal telegraph inspector. Rosa had two older brothers (Harold and Albert) and two older sisters (Amy and Florence).<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>She graduated from <a href="/wiki/Bangor_University" title="Bangor University">Bangor University</a> in 1904 with a BA in mathematics (Class: II), its first woman graduate in mathematics.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Working_life">Working life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rosa_Lee&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Working life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Lee was employed by the <a href="/wiki/Marine_Biological_Association_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom">Marine Biological Association</a> (MBA) in their laboratory at <a href="/wiki/Lowestoft" title="Lowestoft">Lowestoft</a>, the first woman scientist to be employed by the MBA.<sup id="cite_ref-100years_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100years-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lee became the first woman to work as a government fishery scientist<sup id="cite_ref-ministry_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ministry-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> when she was employed as an assistant naturalist in 1905. In 1910, all of the staff at Lowestoft were transferred to the Board of Agriculture and Fisheries and during the original transfer, Lee was not offered a job. The board reportedly stated that they 'did not employ women scientists'.<sup id="cite_ref-buckland2_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-buckland2-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, after protests from the MBA and Garstang, she was allowed to start work as a civil servant. She continued her research and stayed on with the Board of Agriculture and Fisheries in London until 1919. She worked at the office in Delahay Street,<sup id="cite_ref-buckland2_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-buckland2-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Westminster.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the 1911 census she was recorded as living in London with her sister, Amy Lee at 2 Avenue House, St Johns Wood, London.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The street is now renamed Allison Street but Avenue House still exists. </p><p>Rosa Lee married Thomas Lewis Williams in 1917, but had to leave the Civil Service in 1919<sup id="cite_ref-buckland2_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-buckland2-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as the <a href="/wiki/Marriage_bar" title="Marriage bar">marriage bar</a> rules at the time did not allow married women to continue in employment.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Rosa and Thomas subsequently moved to <a href="/wiki/Abergavenny" title="Abergavenny">Abergavenny</a>, Monmouthshire, where Rosa stayed, until after her husband's death in 1946. Rosa herself died in <a href="/wiki/Greenwich" title="Greenwich">Greenwich</a> (London) in 1976, aged 92. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Scientific_work">Scientific work</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rosa_Lee&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Scientific work"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Lee published a number of important scientific papers in her working life,<sup id="cite_ref-Rosa-ICES_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rosa-ICES-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-citations_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-citations-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> including an article that appeared in <a href="/wiki/Nature_(journal)" title="Nature (journal)"><i>Nature</i></a> in 1920.<sup id="cite_ref-Nature_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nature-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, her most cited work is not one published in a prestigious journal, but is a report for the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Agriculture,_Fisheries_and_Food_(United_Kingdom)" title="Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (United Kingdom)">Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-RosaLeePhenom_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RosaLeePhenom-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rosa_Lee_phenomenon">Rosa Lee phenomenon</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rosa_Lee&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Rosa Lee phenomenon"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Fish scales have growth rings and are used to age fish, in the same way that tree rings can be used to age trees. Fishery scientists try and understand the fish populations by modelling. They need to know how old and how big the fish are and how each ‘cohort’ of the population will grow as it matures. Each catch of fish has fish of different ages, i.e. fish that were born in different years. The size and growth of these fish can be linked to environmental variables. Predicting future stock of fish is necessary for good management, and to do this, accurate estimates of growth rates and 'length at age' are required.<sup id="cite_ref-ricker_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ricker-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By measuring the rings of a fish its possible to say how long it was for every year of its life. </p><p>Lee observed that you may get different results for growth rates by 'back calculating' from an older fish, than you would when calculating growth rates from younger fish. This phenomenon occurs when individuals in a population with slower growth rates suffer less mortality when young. The older population is skewed by more slower growing fish, as the faster growing fish died at a younger age. There can be a number of reasons for this, one reason can be selective mortality, e.g. fishing gear that selects for a particular size of fish will catch the larger young fish and the smaller old fish. It can also occur when the sampling is biased. </p><p>Rosa Lee's work is still relevant today and her paper is frequently cited,<sup id="cite_ref-citations_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-citations-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> however her actual influence is greater than indicated by the number of citations, because some scientific authors simply refer to 'Rosa Lee's phenomenon' rather than correctly citing her publication. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rosa_Lee&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://history.blog.gov.uk/2015/05/26/a-perfect-nuisance-the-history-of-women-in-the-civil-service/">'A Perfect Nuisance' - The history of women in the civil service</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.co.uk/citations?user=c8aOb_IAAAAJ&hl=en&oi=ao">Link to Rosa Lee's Publications through Google Scholar</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rosa_Lee&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Census Returns of England and Wales</i>. Kew, Surrey, England: The National Archives of the UK (TNA): Public Record Office (PRO)Public Record Office. 1891.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Census+Returns+of+England+and+Wales&rft.place=Kew%2C+Surrey%2C+England&rft.pub=The+National+Archives+of+the+UK+%28TNA%29%3A+Public+Record+Office+%28PRO%29Public+Record+Office&rft.date=1891&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARosa+Lee" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavis" class="citation web cs1">Davis, A.E.L. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-history.mcs.st-and.ac.uk/Davis/info.html">"Mathematical Women in the British Isles"</a>. University of Essex<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 April</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mathematical+Women+in+the+British+Isles&rft.pub=University+of+Essex&rft.aulast=Davis&rft.aufirst=A.E.L&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww-history.mcs.st-and.ac.uk%2FDavis%2Finfo.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARosa+Lee" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-100years-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-100years_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSouthwardRoberts1987" class="citation journal cs1">Southward, A.J.; Roberts, E.K (1987). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://plymsea.ac.uk/286/1/One_hundred_years_of_marine_research_at_Plymouth.pdf">"One Hundred Years of Marine Research at Plymouth"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the UK</i>. <b>67</b> (3): 465–506. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1987JMBUK..67..465S">1987JMBUK..67..465S</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2Fs0025315400027259">10.1017/s0025315400027259</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:84504168">84504168</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Marine+Biological+Association+of+the+UK&rft.atitle=One+Hundred+Years+of+Marine+Research+at+Plymouth&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=465-506&rft.date=1987&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A84504168%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2Fs0025315400027259&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1987JMBUK..67..465S&rft.aulast=Southward&rft.aufirst=A.J.&rft.au=Roberts%2C+E.K&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fplymsea.ac.uk%2F286%2F1%2FOne_hundred_years_of_marine_research_at_Plymouth.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARosa+Lee" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ministry-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ministry_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLee1992" class="citation book cs1">Lee, A.J. (1992). <i>The Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food's Directorate of Fisheries Research: its origins and development</i>. Lowestoft, UK: Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food. p. 332.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Ministry+of+Agriculture%2C+Fisheries+and+Food%27s+Directorate+of+Fisheries+Research%3A+its+origins+and+development.&rft.place=Lowestoft%2C+UK&rft.pages=332&rft.pub=Ministry+of+Agriculture%2C+Fisheries+and+Food&rft.date=1992&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.aufirst=A.J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARosa+Lee" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-buckland2-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-buckland2_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-buckland2_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-buckland2_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSouthward1996" class="citation journal cs1">Southward, A.J. (1996). "The Marine Biological Association and Fishery Research, 1884–1924: Scientific and political conflicts that changed the course of marine research in the United Kingdom". <i>Buckland Occasional Papers</i>. <b>2</b>: 61–80.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Buckland+Occasional+Papers&rft.atitle=The+Marine+Biological+Association+and+Fishery+Research%2C+1884%E2%80%931924%3A+Scientific+and+political+conflicts+that+changed+the+course+of+marine+research+in+the+United+Kingdom.&rft.volume=2&rft.pages=61-80&rft.date=1996&rft.aulast=Southward&rft.aufirst=A.J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARosa+Lee" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viewfinder.historicengland.org.uk/search/reference.aspx?uid=216069&index=0&mainQuery=isaacs%20florence&searchType=all&form=home">"Delahay Street, Westminster, Greater London"</a>. <i>Viewfinder</i>. Historic England<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 April</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Viewfinder&rft.atitle=Delahay+Street%2C+Westminster%2C+Greater+London&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fviewfinder.historicengland.org.uk%2Fsearch%2Freference.aspx%3Fuid%3D216069%26index%3D0%26mainQuery%3Disaacs%2520florence%26searchType%3Dall%26form%3Dhome&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARosa+Lee" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Census Returns of England and Wales</i>. Kew, Surrey, England: The National Archives of the UK (TNA): Public Record Office (PRO)Public Record Office. 1911.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Census+Returns+of+England+and+Wales&rft.place=Kew%2C+Surrey%2C+England&rft.pub=The+National+Archives+of+the+UK+%28TNA%29%3A+Public+Record+Office+%28PRO%29Public+Record+Office&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARosa+Lee" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIglikowski2015" class="citation web cs1">Iglikowski, Vicky (26 May 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://history.blog.gov.uk/2015/05/26/a-perfect-nuisance-the-history-of-women-in-the-civil-service/">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"A perfect nuisance": The history of women in the Civil Service"</a>. <i>Civil Service</i>. UK Government<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 May</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Civil+Service&rft.atitle=%22A+perfect+nuisance%22%3A+The+history+of+women+in+the+Civil+Service&rft.date=2015-05-26&rft.aulast=Iglikowski&rft.aufirst=Vicky&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhistory.blog.gov.uk%2F2015%2F05%2F26%2Fa-perfect-nuisance-the-history-of-women-in-the-civil-service%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARosa+Lee" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rosa-ICES-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Rosa-ICES_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLee1912" class="citation journal cs1">Lee, R.M (1912). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zenodo.org/record/1431757">"An investigation into the methods of growth determination in fishes by means of scales"</a>. <i>Journal du Conseil International pour l'Exploration de la Mer</i>. <b>1</b> (63): 3–34. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Ficesjms%2Fs1.63.3">10.1093/icesjms/s1.63.3</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+du+Conseil+International+pour+l%27Exploration+de+la+Mer&rft.atitle=An+investigation+into+the+methods+of+growth+determination+in+fishes+by+means+of+scales&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=63&rft.pages=3-34&rft.date=1912&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Ficesjms%2Fs1.63.3&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.aufirst=R.M&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fzenodo.org%2Frecord%2F1431757&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARosa+Lee" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-citations-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-citations_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-citations_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.co.uk/citations?user=c8aOb_IAAAAJ">"Rosa M Lee - Google Scholar Citations"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 April</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Rosa+M+Lee+-+Google+Scholar+Citations&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fscholar.google.co.uk%2Fcitations%3Fuser%3Dc8aOb_IAAAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARosa+Lee" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Nature-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Nature_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLee1920" class="citation journal cs1">Lee, R.M. (1920). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2F106049a0">"Age and Growth Determination in Fishes"</a>. <i>Nature</i>. <b>106</b> (2654): 49–51. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1920Natur.106...49L">1920Natur.106...49L</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2F106049a0">10.1038/106049a0</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.atitle=Age+and+Growth+Determination+in+Fishes&rft.volume=106&rft.issue=2654&rft.pages=49-51&rft.date=1920&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2F106049a0&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1920Natur.106...49L&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.aufirst=R.M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1038%252F106049a0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARosa+Lee" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-RosaLeePhenom-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-RosaLeePhenom_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLee1920" class="citation journal cs1">Lee, R.M. (1920). "A review of methods of age and growth determination in fishes by mean of scale fisheries". <i>Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries. Fishery Investigations</i>. <b>2</b> (4): 32.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ministry+of+Agriculture+and+Fisheries.+Fishery+Investigations&rft.atitle=A+review+of+methods+of+age+and+growth+determination+in+fishes+by+mean+of+scale+fisheries&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=32&rft.date=1920&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.aufirst=R.M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARosa+Lee" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ricker-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ricker_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRicker1969" class="citation journal cs1">Ricker, W.E. (1969). "Effects of size-selective mortality and sampling bias on estimates of growth, mortality, production, and yield". <i>Journal of the Fisheries Board of Canada</i>. <b>26</b> (3): 479–541. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1139%2Ff69-051">10.1139/f69-051</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Fisheries+Board+of+Canada&rft.atitle=Effects+of+size-selective+mortality+and+sampling+bias+on+estimates+of+growth%2C+mortality%2C+production%2C+and+yield&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=479-541&rft.date=1969&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1139%2Ff69-051&rft.aulast=Ricker&rft.aufirst=W.E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARosa+Lee" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <p><br /> </p>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rosa_Lee&oldid=1255926198">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rosa_Lee&oldid=1255926198</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1884_births" title="Category:1884 births">1884 births</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1976_deaths" title="Category:1976 deaths">1976 deaths</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Alumni_of_Bangor_University" title="Category:Alumni of Bangor University">Alumni of Bangor University</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:20th-century_British_zoologists" title="Category:20th-century British zoologists">20th-century British zoologists</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:British_statisticians" title="Category:British statisticians">British statisticians</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Women_marine_biologists" title="Category:Women marine biologists">Women marine biologists</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:British_marine_biologists" title="Category:British marine biologists">British marine biologists</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:20th-century_British_women_scientists" title="Category:20th-century British women scientists">20th-century British women scientists</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_hCards" title="Category:Articles with hCards">Articles with hCards</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_August_2016" title="Category:Use dmy dates from August 2016">Use dmy dates from August 2016</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 7 November 2024, at 09:01<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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