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.infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style> Traditional Chinese characters are a standard set of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Chinese_character?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese character">Chinese character</a> forms used to <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Written_Chinese?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Written Chinese">write Chinese languages</a>. In <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Taiwan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a>, the set of traditional characters is regulated by the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ministry_of_Education_(Taiwan)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ministry of Education (Taiwan)">Ministry of Education</a> and standardized in the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Standard_Form_of_National_Characters?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Standard Form of National Characters">Standard Form of National Characters</a>. These forms were predominant in written Chinese until the middle of the 20th century,<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-BiWei-1">[1]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-2">[2]</a> when various <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Chinese_family_of_scripts?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Chinese family of scripts">countries that use Chinese characters</a> began standardizing simplified sets of characters, often with characters that existed before as well-known <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Variant_Chinese_characters?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Variant Chinese characters">variants</a> of the predominant forms.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-3">[3]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-4">[4]</a> <table class="infobox"> <tbody> <tr> <th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="padding:0.25em; background:mistyrose;">Traditional Chinese <div style="font-weight:normal"></div></th> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="padding-top:0.4em;padding-bottom:0.4em;"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Hanzi_(traditional).svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Hanzi_%28traditional%29.svg/100px-Hanzi_%28traditional%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Hanzi_%2528traditional%2529.svg/150px-Hanzi_%2528traditional%2529.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Hanzi_%2528traditional%2529.svg/200px-Hanzi_%2528traditional%2529.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="175" data-file-height="350"></a></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Script type</th> <td class="infobox-data"> <div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:1.25em"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Logographic?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Logographic">Logographic</a> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Published</th> <td class="infobox-data"> <div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:1.25em"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="plainlist"> <ul> <li>Taiwan: (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style> <div class="hlist inline"> <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Chart_of_Standard_Forms_of_Common_National_Characters?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Chart of Standard Forms of Common National Characters">1979</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Chart_of_Standard_Forms_of_Common_National_Characters?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Chart of Standard Forms of Common National Characters">1982</a></li> </ul> </div>)</li> <li>Hong Kong: (<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/List_of_Graphemes_of_Commonly-Used_Chinese_Characters?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="List of Graphemes of Commonly-Used Chinese Characters">1986</a>)</li> </ul> </div> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Direction</th> <td class="infobox-data"> <ul> <li>Left-to-right</li> <li>Top-to-bottom, columns right to left</li> </ul></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Official script</th> <td class="infobox-data"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Taiwan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hong_Kong?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Macau?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Macau">Macau</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Languages</th> <td class="infobox-data"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Chinese_languages?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese languages">Chinese</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddd">Related scripts</th> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"> <div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"> Parent systems </div></th> <td class="infobox-data"> <div style="padding-top:0.15em;"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Oracle_bone_script?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Oracle bone script">Oracle bone script</a> <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Small_seal_script?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Small seal script">Small seal script</a> <ul style="margin-left:0.8em;"> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Clerical_script?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Clerical script">Clerical script</a> <ul style="margin-left:0.8em;"> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Regular_script?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Regular script">Regular script</a> <ul style="margin-left:0.8em;"> <li>Traditional Chinese</li> </ul></li> </ul></li> </ul></li> </ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"> <div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"> Sister systems </div></th> <td class="infobox-data"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"> <div class="hlist"> <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Simplified_characters?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Simplified characters">Simplified characters</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kanji?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kanji">Kanji</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hanja?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hanja">Hanja</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ch%E1%BB%AF_N%C3%B4m?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Chữ Nôm">Chữ Nôm</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bopomofo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bopomofo">Bopomofo</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Khitan_large_script?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Khitan large script">Khitan large script</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Khitan_small_script?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Khitan small script">Khitan small script</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sawndip?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sawndip">Sawndip</a></li> </ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddd">ISO 15924</th> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISO_15924?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ISO 15924">ISO 15924</a></th> <td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886049734">.mw-parser-output .monospaced{font-family:monospace,monospace}</style>Hant <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734">(502), Han (Traditional variant)</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="infobox-below noprint selfref" style="text-align:left; background:#eee;"> This article contains <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Phonetic_transcription?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Phonetic transcription">phonetic transcriptions</a> in the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">International Phonetic Alphabet</a> (IPA). For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA">Help:IPA</a>. For the distinction between [ ], / / and ⟨ ⟩, see <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Brackets_and_transcription_delimiters" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters</a>.</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"> <table class="infobox"> <tbody> <tr> <th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="color: #202122;background-color:#b0c4de">Traditional Chinese characters</th> </tr> <tr style="display:none;"> <td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Traditional Chinese</a></th> <td class="infobox-data"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%25E6%25AD%25A3" class="extiw" title="wikt:正">正</a><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%25E9%25AB%2594" class="extiw" title="wikt:體">體</a><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%25E5%25AD%2597" class="extiw" title="wikt:字">字</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Simplified Chinese characters">Simplified Chinese</a></th> <td class="infobox-data"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%25E6%25AD%25A3" class="extiw" title="wikt:正">正</a><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%25E4%25BD%2593" class="extiw" title="wikt:体">体</a><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%25E5%25AD%2597" class="extiw" title="wikt:字">字</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;">Literal meaning</th> <td class="infobox-data">Orthodox form characters</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"> <table class="infobox-subbox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="display:inline-table; text-align: left;"> <tbody> <tr> <th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%; text-align: left;color: #202122; background-color: #f9ffbc;">Transcriptions</th> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Standard_Chinese?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Standard Chinese">Standard Mandarin</a></th> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hanyu_Pinyin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanyu Pinyin">Hanyu Pinyin</a></th> <td class="infobox-data">Zhèngtǐzì</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bopomofo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bopomofo">Bopomofo</a></th> <td class="infobox-data">ㄓㄥˋ ㄊㄧˇ ㄗˋ</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wade%E2%80%93Giles?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wade–Giles">Wade–Giles</a></th> <td class="infobox-data">Chêng4-tʻi3-tzŭ4</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tongyong_Pinyin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tongyong Pinyin">Tongyong Pinyin</a></th> <td class="infobox-data">Jhèng-tǐ-zìh</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Mandarin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Mandarin">IPA</a></th> <td class="infobox-data"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Mandarin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Mandarin">[ʈʂə̂ŋ.tʰì.tsɹ̩̂]</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cantonese?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cantonese">Yue: Cantonese</a></th> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Yale_romanization_of_Cantonese?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Yale romanization of Cantonese">Yale Romanization</a></th> <td class="infobox-data">Jing tái jih</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jyutping?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jyutping">Jyutping</a></th> <td class="infobox-data">zing3 tai2 zi6</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Cantonese?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Cantonese">IPA</a></th> <td class="infobox-data"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Cantonese?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Cantonese">[tsɪŋ˧.tʰɐj˧˥.tsi˨]</a></td> </tr> </tbody> </table></td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #b0c4de;">Alternative Chinese name</th> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Traditional Chinese</a></th> <td class="infobox-data"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%25E7%25B9%2581" class="extiw" title="wikt:繁">繁</a><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%25E9%25AB%2594" class="extiw" title="wikt:體">體</a><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%25E5%25AD%2597" class="extiw" title="wikt:字">字</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Simplified Chinese characters">Simplified Chinese</a></th> <td class="infobox-data"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%25E7%25B9%2581" class="extiw" title="wikt:繁">繁</a><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%25E4%25BD%2593" class="extiw" title="wikt:体">体</a><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%25E5%25AD%2597" class="extiw" title="wikt:字">字</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;">Literal meaning</th> <td class="infobox-data">Complex form characters</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"> <table class="infobox-subbox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="display:inline-table; text-align: left;"> <tbody> <tr> <th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%; text-align: left;color: #202122; background-color: #f9ffbc;">Transcriptions</th> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Standard_Chinese?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Standard Chinese">Standard Mandarin</a></th> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hanyu_Pinyin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanyu Pinyin">Hanyu Pinyin</a></th> <td class="infobox-data">Fántǐzì</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bopomofo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bopomofo">Bopomofo</a></th> <td class="infobox-data">ㄈㄢˊ ㄊㄧˇ ㄗˋ</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wade%E2%80%93Giles?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wade–Giles">Wade–Giles</a></th> <td class="infobox-data">Fan2-tʻi3-tzŭ4</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tongyong_Pinyin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tongyong Pinyin">Tongyong Pinyin</a></th> <td class="infobox-data">Fán-tǐ-zìh</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Mandarin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Mandarin">IPA</a></th> <td class="infobox-data"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Mandarin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Mandarin">[fǎn.tʰì.tsɹ̩̂]</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cantonese?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cantonese">Yue: Cantonese</a></th> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Yale_romanization_of_Cantonese?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Yale romanization of Cantonese">Yale Romanization</a></th> <td class="infobox-data">Fàahn tái jih</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jyutping?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jyutping">Jyutping</a></th> <td class="infobox-data">faan4 tai2 zi6</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Cantonese?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Cantonese">IPA</a></th> <td class="infobox-data"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/Cantonese?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/Cantonese">[fan˩ tʰɐj˧˥ tsi˨]</a></td> </tr> </tbody> </table></td> </tr> <tr style="display:none"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1246091330">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.2em;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border-collapse:collapse;display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:table!important;float:right!important;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em!important}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-subgroup{width:100%;margin:0;border-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-none{float:none;clear:both;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-outer-title{padding:0 0.4em 0.2em;font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-image{padding:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-caption,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-caption{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle{padding:0.4em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.2em 0.8em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-image{padding:0.2em 0.4em 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a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1233430381">.mw-parser-output .characters-body{max-width:22em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-content{padding:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-heading{background-color:inherit}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{background-color:lightpink;white-space:nowrap;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output .blist ol li,.mw-parser-output .blist ul li{display:list-item;text-align:left;text-indent:hanging 1em;margin-left:1em}</style> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Simplified_characters?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Simplified characters">Simplified characters</a> as codified by the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_China?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="People's Republic of China">People's Republic of China</a> are predominantly used in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mainland_China?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mainland China">mainland China</a>, Malaysia, and Singapore. "Traditional" as such is a <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Retronym?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Retronym">retronym</a> applied to non-simplified character sets in the wake of widespread use of simplified characters. Traditional characters are commonly used in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Taiwan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hong_Kong?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a>, and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Macau?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Macau">Macau</a>, as well as in most <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Overseas_Chinese?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Overseas Chinese">overseas Chinese</a> communities outside of Southeast Asia.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-5">[5]</a> As for non-Chinese languages written using Chinese characters, Japanese <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kanji?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kanji">kanji</a> include many simplified characters known as <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Shinjitai?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Shinjitai">shinjitai</a> standardized after World War II, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Differences_between_Shinjitai_and_Simplified_characters?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Differences between Shinjitai and Simplified characters">sometimes distinct from their simplified Chinese counterparts</a>. Korean <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hanja?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hanja">hanja</a>, still used to a certain extent in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/South_Korea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="South Korea">South Korea</a>, remain virtually identical to traditional characters, with variations between the two forms largely stylistic. There has historically been a <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Debate_on_traditional_and_simplified_Chinese_characters?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Debate on traditional and simplified Chinese characters">debate on traditional and simplified Chinese characters</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-6">[6]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-7">[7]</a> Because the simplifications are fairly systematic, it is possible to convert computer-encoded characters between the two sets, with the main issue being <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ambiguities_in_Chinese_character_simplification?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ambiguities in Chinese character simplification">ambiguities in simplified representations</a> resulting from the merging of previously distinct character forms. Many Chinese online newspapers allow users to switch between these character sets.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-yzzk-8">[8]</a> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"> <input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"> <div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label> </div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Terminology">1 Terminology</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Use_by_region">2 Use by region</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Mainland_China">2.1 Mainland China</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Hong_Kong_and_Macau">2.2 Hong Kong and Macau</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Taiwan">2.3 Taiwan</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Singapore">2.4 Singapore</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Philippines">2.5 Philippines</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#North_America">2.6 North America</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Use_on_computers">3 Use on computers</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Encoding">3.1 Encoding</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-11"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Input_methods">3.2 Input methods</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-12"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Typefaces">3.3 Typefaces</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-13"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Webpages">3.4 Webpages</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-14"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Comparison_with_other_scripts">4 Comparison with other scripts</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-15"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#See_also">5 See also</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-16"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#References">6 References</a></li> </ul> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"> <h2 id="Terminology">Terminology</h2> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Traditional_Chinese_characters&action=edit&section=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Terminology" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> Traditional characters are known by different names throughout the Chinese-speaking world. The government of Taiwan officially refers to traditional Chinese characters as 正體字; 正体字; zhèngtǐzì; 'orthodox characters'.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-9">[9]</a> This term is also used outside Taiwan to distinguish standard characters, including both simplified, and traditional, from other <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Variant_Chinese_characters?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Variant Chinese characters">variants and idiomatic characters</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-10">[10]</a> Users of traditional characters elsewhere, as well as those using simplified characters, call traditional characters 繁體字; 繁体字; fántǐzì; 'complex characters', 老字; lǎozì; 'old characters', or 全體字; 全体字; quántǐzì; 'full characters' to distinguish them from simplified characters. Some argue that since traditional characters are often the original standard forms, they should not be called 'complex'. Conversely, there is a common objection to the description of traditional characters as 'standard', due to them not being used by a large population of Chinese speakers. Additionally, as the process of Chinese character creation often made many characters more elaborate over time, there is sometimes a hesitation to characterize them as 'traditional'.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-11">[11]</a> Some people refer to traditional characters as 'proper characters' (正字; zhèngzì or 正寫; zhèngxiě) and to simplified characters as 簡筆字; 简笔字; jiǎnbǐzì; 'simplified-stroke characters' or 減筆字; 减笔字; jiǎnbǐzì; 'reduced-stroke characters', as the words for simplified and reduced are homophonous in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Standard_Chinese?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Standard Chinese">Standard Chinese</a>, both pronounced as jiǎn. </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"> <h2 id="Use_by_region">Use by region</h2> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Traditional_Chinese_characters&action=edit&section=2&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Use by region" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> Further information: <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Written_Chinese?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Evolution" title="Written Chinese">Written Chinese § Evolution</a> </div> The modern shapes of traditional Chinese characters first appeared with the emergence of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Clerical_script?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Clerical script">clerical script</a> during the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Han_dynasty?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Han dynasty">Han dynasty</a> <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 200 BCE, with the sets of forms and norms more or less stable since the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Southern_and_Northern_dynasties?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Southern and Northern dynasties">Southern and Northern dynasties</a> period <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> the 5th century. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Guangzhou_1991.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Guangzhou_1991.jpg/220px-Guangzhou_1991.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3960" data-file-height="2635"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 146px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Guangzhou_1991.jpg/220px-Guangzhou_1991.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="146" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Guangzhou_1991.jpg/330px-Guangzhou_1991.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Guangzhou_1991.jpg/440px-Guangzhou_1991.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> The east square of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Guangzhou_railway_station?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Guangzhou railway station">Guangzhou railway station</a> in 1991. Traditional characters are prevalent in various brand logos, including 健力宝; '<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jianlibao_Group?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jianlibao Group">Jianlibao Group</a>', 飄柔; '<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Procter_and_Gamble?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Procter and Gamble">Rejoice</a>', and 广东万家乐; 'Guangdong Macro'. Only 海飞丝; '<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Head_%26_Shoulders?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Head & Shoulders">Head & Shoulders</a>' is using simplified characters in their wordmark. </figcaption> </figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Mainland_China">Mainland China</h3> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Traditional_Chinese_characters&action=edit&section=3&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Mainland China" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Ma%27anshan_20150815_114946.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Ma%27anshan_20150815_114946.jpg/220px-Ma%27anshan_20150815_114946.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4160" data-file-height="3120"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Ma%27anshan_20150815_114946.jpg/220px-Ma%27anshan_20150815_114946.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Ma%27anshan_20150815_114946.jpg/330px-Ma%27anshan_20150815_114946.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Ma%27anshan_20150815_114946.jpg/440px-Ma%27anshan_20150815_114946.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> Traditional Chinese characters remain used in some examples of official signage in the People's Republic of China. </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:%E5%BB%A3%E5%B7%9E%E6%97%A5%E5%A0%B1%E5%8D%B0%E5%8B%99%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83.JPG?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/%E5%BB%A3%E5%B7%9E%E6%97%A5%E5%A0%B1%E5%8D%B0%E5%8B%99%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83.JPG/220px-%E5%BB%A3%E5%B7%9E%E6%97%A5%E5%A0%B1%E5%8D%B0%E5%8B%99%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="109" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="583" data-file-height="290"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 109px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/%E5%BB%A3%E5%B7%9E%E6%97%A5%E5%A0%B1%E5%8D%B0%E5%8B%99%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83.JPG/220px-%E5%BB%A3%E5%B7%9E%E6%97%A5%E5%A0%B1%E5%8D%B0%E5%8B%99%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83.JPG" data-width="220" data-height="109" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/%E5%BB%A3%E5%B7%9E%E6%97%A5%E5%A0%B1%E5%8D%B0%E5%8B%99%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83.JPG/330px-%E5%BB%A3%E5%B7%9E%E6%97%A5%E5%A0%B1%E5%8D%B0%E5%8B%99%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/%E5%BB%A3%E5%B7%9E%E6%97%A5%E5%A0%B1%E5%8D%B0%E5%8B%99%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83.JPG/440px-%E5%BB%A3%E5%B7%9E%E6%97%A5%E5%A0%B1%E5%8D%B0%E5%8B%99%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> The <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Guangzhou_Daily?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Guangzhou Daily">Guangzhou Daily</a>, an official Communist Party newspaper, uses traditional Chinese characters in its branding. </figcaption> </figure> Although the majority of Chinese text in mainland China are <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Simplified Chinese characters">simplified characters</a>, there is no legislation prohibiting the use of traditional Chinese characters, and often traditional Chinese characters remain in use for stylistic and commercial purposes, such as in shopfront displays and advertising.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-etaiwannews-12">[12]</a> Traditional Chinese characters remain ubiquitous on buildings that predate the promulgation of the current simplification scheme, such as former government buildings, religious buildings, educational institutions, and historical monuments. Traditional Chinese characters continue to be used for ceremonial, cultural, scholarly/academic research, and artistic/decorative purposes.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-etaiwannews-12">[12]</a> In the People's Republic of China, traditional Chinese characters are standardised according to the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Table_of_Comparison_between_Standard,_Traditional_and_Variant_Chinese_Characters?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Table of Comparison between Standard, Traditional and Variant Chinese Characters">Table of Comparison between Standard, Traditional and Variant Chinese Characters</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-tygfhzb-13">[13]</a> Dictionaries published in mainland China generally show both simplified and their traditional counterparts.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-14">[14]</a> There are differences between the accepted traditional forms in mainland China and elsewhere, for example the accepted traditional form of 产 in mainland China is 産 (also the accepted form in Japan and Korea), while in Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan the accepted form is 產 (also the accepted form in Vietnamese <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ch%E1%BB%AF_N%C3%B4m?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Chữ Nôm">chữ Nôm</a>).<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-tyhzzxb-15">[15]</a> The PRC tends to print material intended for people in Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan, and overseas Chinese in traditional characters. For example, versions of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/People%27s_Daily?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="People's Daily">People's Daily</a> are printed in traditional characters, and both People's Daily and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Xinhua?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Xinhua">Xinhua</a> have traditional character versions of their website available, using <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Big5?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Big5">Big5</a> encoding.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-16">[16]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-17">[17]</a> Mainland companies selling products in Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan use traditional characters in order to communicate with consumers; the inverse is equally true as well. In digital media, many cultural phenomena imported from Hong Kong and Taiwan into mainland China, such as music videos, karaoke videos, subtitled movies, and subtitled dramas, use traditional Chinese characters. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Hong_Kong_and_Macau">Hong Kong and Macau</h3> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Traditional_Chinese_characters&action=edit&section=4&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Hong Kong and Macau" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style> <table class="box-Expert_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content" role="presentation"> <tbody> <tr> <td class="mbox-text"> <div class="mbox-text-span"> This article needs attention from an expert in China. The specific problem is: The differences between traditional characters as used in Taiwan versus in Hong Kong. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_China?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject China">WikiProject China</a> may be able to help recruit an expert. (September 2023) </div></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> In <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hong_Kong?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Macau?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Macau">Macau</a>, traditional characters were retained during the colonial period, while the mainland adopted simplified characters. Simplified characters are contemporaneously used to accommodate immigrants and tourists, often from the mainland.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-18">[18]</a> The increasing use of simplified characters has led to concern among residents regarding protecting what they see as their local heritage.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-19">[19]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-20">[20]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Taiwan">Taiwan</h3> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Traditional_Chinese_characters&action=edit&section=5&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Taiwan" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Taiwan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a> has never adopted simplified characters. The use of simplified characters in government documents and educational settings is discouraged by the government of Taiwan.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-21">[21]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-22">[22]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-23">[23]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-24">[24]</a> Nevertheless, with sufficient context simplified characters are likely to be successfully read by those used to traditional characters, especially given some previous exposure. Many simplified characters were previously variants that had long been in some use, with systematic stroke simplifications used in folk handwriting since antiquity.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-25">[25]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-26">[26]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Singapore">Singapore</h3> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Traditional_Chinese_characters&action=edit&section=6&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Singapore" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> Traditional characters were recognized as the official script in Singapore until 1969, when the government officially adopted Simplified characters.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-reflection_on_use_of_simplified_Chinese_in_Singapore-27">[27]</a> Traditional characters still are widely used in contexts such as in baby and corporation names, advertisements, decorations, official documents and in newspapers.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-yzzk-8">[8]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Philippines">Philippines</h3> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Traditional_Chinese_characters&action=edit&section=7&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Philippines" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> The <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Chinese_Filipino?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese Filipino">Chinese Filipino</a> community continues to be one of the most conservative in Southeast Asia regarding simplification.[<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Although major public universities teach in simplified characters, many well-established Chinese schools still use traditional characters. Publications such as the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Chinese_Commercial_News?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Chinese Commercial News">Chinese Commercial News</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/World_News_(newspaper)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="World News (newspaper)">World News</a>, and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_Daily_News_(Philippines)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="United Daily News (Philippines)">United Daily News</a> all use traditional characters, as do some Hong Kong–based magazines such as <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Yazhou_Zhoukan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Yazhou Zhoukan">Yazhou Zhoukan</a>. The Philippine Chinese Daily uses simplified characters. DVDs are usually subtitled using traditional characters, influenced by media from Taiwan as well as by the two countries sharing the same <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/DVD_region_code?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="DVD region code">DVD region</a>, 3.[<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Announcement_in_a_Filipino_Chinese_daily_newspaper_(Traditional_Chinese).jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Announcement_in_a_Filipino_Chinese_daily_newspaper_%28Traditional_Chinese%29.jpg/220px-Announcement_in_a_Filipino_Chinese_daily_newspaper_%28Traditional_Chinese%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="5312" data-file-height="2988"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 124px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Announcement_in_a_Filipino_Chinese_daily_newspaper_%28Traditional_Chinese%29.jpg/220px-Announcement_in_a_Filipino_Chinese_daily_newspaper_%28Traditional_Chinese%29.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="124" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Announcement_in_a_Filipino_Chinese_daily_newspaper_%28Traditional_Chinese%29.jpg/330px-Announcement_in_a_Filipino_Chinese_daily_newspaper_%28Traditional_Chinese%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Announcement_in_a_Filipino_Chinese_daily_newspaper_%28Traditional_Chinese%29.jpg/440px-Announcement_in_a_Filipino_Chinese_daily_newspaper_%28Traditional_Chinese%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> Job announcement in a Filipino Chinese daily newspaper written in traditional Chinese characters </figcaption> </figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="North_America">North America</h3> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Traditional_Chinese_characters&action=edit&section=8&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: North America" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> With most having immigrated to the United States during the second half of the 19th century, Chinese Americans have long used traditional characters. When not providing both, US public notices and signs in Chinese are generally written in traditional characters, more often than in simplified characters.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-:0-28">[28]</a> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"> <h2 id="Use_on_computers">Use on computers</h2> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Traditional_Chinese_characters&action=edit&section=9&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Use on computers" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Encoding">Encoding</h3> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Traditional_Chinese_characters&action=edit&section=10&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Encoding" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> Main article: <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Chinese_character_encoding?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Chinese character encoding">Chinese character encoding</a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> See also: <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Han_unification?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Han unification">Han unification</a> </div> In the past, traditional Chinese was most often encoded on computers using the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Big5?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Big5">Big5</a> standard, which favored traditional characters. However, the ubiquitous <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Unicode?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Unicode">Unicode</a> standard gives equal weight to simplified and traditional Chinese characters, and has become by far the most popular encoding for Chinese-language text. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Input_methods">Input methods</h3> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Traditional_Chinese_characters&action=edit&section=11&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Input methods" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> Main article: <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Chinese_input_methods?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese input methods">Chinese input methods</a> </div> There are various <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Input_method_editors?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Input method editors">input method editors</a> (IMEs) available for the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Chinese_input_methods_for_computers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese input methods for computers">input of Chinese characters</a>. Many characters, often <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Varieties_of_Chinese?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Varieties of Chinese">dialectical</a> variants, are encoded in Unicode but cannot be inputted using certain IMEs, with one example being the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Shanghainese?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Shanghainese">Shanghainese</a>-language character <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734">U+20C8E 𠲎 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-20C8E—a composition of 伐 with the ⼝ 'MOUTH' radical—used instead of the Standard Chinese 嗎; 吗.[<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Typefaces">Typefaces</h3> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Traditional_Chinese_characters&action=edit&section=12&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Typefaces" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> Further information: <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/List_of_CJK_fonts?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="List of CJK fonts">List of CJK fonts</a> </div> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Typefaces?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Typefaces">Typefaces</a> often use the initialism <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">TC</code> to signify the use of traditional Chinese characters, as well as <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">SC</code> for <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Simplified Chinese characters">simplified Chinese characters</a>. In addition, the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Noto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Noto">Noto, Italy</a> family of typefaces, for example, also provides separate fonts for the traditional character set used in Taiwan (<code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">TC</code>) and the set used in Hong Kong (<code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">HK</code>).<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-29">[29]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Webpages">Webpages</h3> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Traditional_Chinese_characters&action=edit&section=13&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Webpages" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> Most Chinese-language webpages now use Unicode for their text. The <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/World_Wide_Web_Consortium?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="World Wide Web Consortium">World Wide Web Consortium</a> (W3C) recommends the use of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Language_tag?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Language tag">language tag</a> <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">zh-Hant</code> to specify webpage content written with traditional characters.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-30">[30]</a> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"> <h2 id="Comparison_with_other_scripts">Comparison with other scripts</h2> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Traditional_Chinese_characters&action=edit&section=14&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Comparison with other scripts" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> In the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Japanese_writing_system?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Japanese writing system">Japanese writing system</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kyujitai?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Kyujitai">kyujitai</a> are traditional forms, which were simplified to create <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Shinjitai?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Shinjitai">shinjitai</a> for standardized Japanese use following World War II. Kyūjitai are mostly congruent with the traditional characters in Chinese, save for minor stylistic variation. Characters that are not included in the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/J%C5%8Dy%C5%8D_kanji?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jōyō kanji">jōyō kanji</a> list are generally recommended to be printed in their traditional forms, with a few exceptions. Additionally, there are <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kokuji?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kokuji">kokuji</a>, which are kanji wholly created in Japan, rather than originally being borrowed from China. In the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Korean_language?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Korean language">Korean writing system</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hanja?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hanja">hanja</a>—replaced almost entirely by <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hangul?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hangul">hangul</a> in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/South_Korea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="South Korea">South Korea</a> and totally replaced in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/North_Korea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="North Korea">North Korea</a>—are mostly identical with their traditional counterparts, save minor stylistic variations. As with Japanese, there are autochthonous hanja, known as <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gukja?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Gukja">gukja</a>. Traditional Chinese characters are also used by non-Chinese ethnic groups. The <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Maniq_people?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Maniq people">Maniq people</a> living in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Thailand?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Thailand">Thailand</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Malaysia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a> use Chinese characters to write the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kensiu_language?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kensiu language">Kensiu language</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Glossary_of_Aslian_Languages.-31">[31]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-32">[32]</a> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"> <h2 id="See_also">See also</h2> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Traditional_Chinese_characters&action=edit&section=15&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: See also" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Modern_Chinese_characters?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modern Chinese characters">Modern Chinese characters</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ch%E1%BB%AF_N%C3%B4m?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Chữ Nôm">Chữ Nôm</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ambiguities_in_Chinese_character_simplification?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ambiguities in Chinese character simplification">Ambiguities in Chinese character simplification</a></li> </ul> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"> <h2 id="References">References</h2> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Traditional_Chinese_characters&action=edit&section=16&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: References" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style> <div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-BiWei-1"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-BiWei_1-0">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output 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Guozhong jiaoyu huikao (in Chinese). <q>若寫作測驗文章中出現簡體字，在評閱過程中可能被視為「錯別字」處理，但寫作測驗的評閱方式，並不會針對單一錯字扣分……然而，當簡體字影響閱讀理解時，文意的完整性亦可能受到影響，故考生應盡量避免書寫簡體字</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Guozhong+jiaoyu+huikao&rft.atitle=%E5%AF%AB%E4%BD%9C%E6%B8%AC%E9%A9%97&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcap.rcpet.edu.tw%2Ftest_5_1.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATraditional+Chinese+characters" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-24"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-24">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.tres.ntpc.edu.tw/modules/tadnews/index.php?ncsn%3D17%26nsn%3D2512"><bdi lang="zh">轉知:各校辦理課後社團，應檢視授課教師之教材內容，避免有不符我國國情或使用簡體字之情形</bdi></a>. 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Nicholas Brealey. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85788-378-7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-85788-378-7"><bdi>978-1-85788-378-7</bdi></a> – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Success+with+Asian+Names%3A+A+Practical+Guide+for+Business+and+Everyday+Life&rft.pub=Nicholas+Brealey&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1-85788-378-7&rft.aulast=Price&rft.aufirst=Fiona+Swee-Lin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-FRIYcHARa0C%26q%3DGuangdong%2Btraditional%2Bcharacters%26pg%3DPA67&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATraditional+Chinese+characters" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-reflection_on_use_of_simplified_Chinese_in_Singapore-27"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-reflection_on_use_of_simplified_Chinese_in_Singapore_27-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChia" class="citation conference cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Chia Shih Yar (谢世涯). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.huayuqiao.org/articles/xieshiya/Simplified/5_XinJiaPoHanZiGuiFan-XP.htm"><bdi lang="zh">新加坡汉字规范的回顾与前瞻</bdi></a> [Review and Prospect of Standardization of Chinese Characters in Singapore]. 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Internal Revenue Service. 6 November 2012. <q>The standard language for translation is Traditional Chinese</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Internal+Revenue+Manual&rft.atitle=22.31.1.6.3&rft.date=2012-11-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.irs.gov%2Firm%2Fpart22%2Firm_22-031-001.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATraditional+Chinese+characters" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-29"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-29">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.google.com/get/noto/help/cjk/">"Noto CJK"</a>. Google Noto Fonts.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Google+Noto+Fonts&rft.atitle=Noto+CJK&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2Fget%2Fnoto%2Fhelp%2Fcjk%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATraditional+Chinese+characters" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-30"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-30">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.w3.org/TR/i18n-html-tech-lang/%23ri20040429.113217290">"Internationalization Best Practices: Specifying Language in XHTML & HTML Content"</a>. W3C. Retrieved 27 May 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Internationalization+Best+Practices%3A+Specifying+Language+in+XHTML+%26+HTML+Content&rft.pub=W3C&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2FTR%2Fi18n-html-tech-lang%2F%23ri20040429.113217290&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATraditional+Chinese+characters" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-Glossary_of_Aslian_Languages.-31"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Glossary_of_Aslian_Languages._31-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPhaiboon2005" class="citation journal cs1">Phaiboon, D. (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://sealang.net/sala/archives/pdf8/phaiboon2006glossary.pdf">"Glossary of Aslian Languages: The Northern Aslian Languages of South Thailand"</a> (PDF). <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mon-Khmer_Studies?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mon-Khmer Studies">Mon-Khmer Studies</a>. 36: 207–224. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20240106093538/http://sealang.net/sala/archives/pdf8/phaiboon2006glossary.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 6 January 2024 – via Southeast Asian Linguistics Archives.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mon-Khmer+Studies&rft.atitle=Glossary+of+Aslian+Languages%3A+The+Northern+Aslian+Languages+of+South+Thailand&rft.volume=36&rft.pages=207-224&rft.date=2005&rft.aulast=Phaiboon&rft.aufirst=D.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsealang.net%2Fsala%2Farchives%2Fpdf8%2Fphaiboon2006glossary.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATraditional+Chinese+characters" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-32"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-32">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBishop1996" class="citation journal cs1">Bishop, N. (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20110719030049/http://sealang.net/sala/archives/pdf8/bishop1996who.pdf">"Who's Who in Kensiw? Terms of Reference and Address in Kensiw"</a> (PDF). <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mon-Khmer_Studies?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mon-Khmer Studies">Mon-Khmer Studies</a>. 26: 245–253. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://sealang.net/sala/archives/pdf8/bishop1996who.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 19 July 2011. Retrieved 12 December 2010 – via Southeast Asian Linguistics Archives.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mon-Khmer+Studies&rft.atitle=Who%27s+Who+in+Kensiw%3F+Terms+of+Reference+and+Address+in+Kensiw&rft.volume=26&rft.pages=245-253&rft.date=1996&rft.aulast=Bishop&rft.aufirst=N.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsealang.net%2Fsala%2Farchives%2Fpdf8%2Fbishop1996who.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATraditional+Chinese+characters" class="Z3988"></li> </ol> </div> </div> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="navbox-styles"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output 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href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title%3DTraditional_Chinese_characters%26oldid%3D1258960783">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Traditional_Chinese_characters&oldid=1258960783</a>" </div> </div> </div> <div class="post-content" id="page-secondary-actions"> </div> </main> <footer class="mw-footer minerva-footer" role="contentinfo"><a class="last-modified-bar" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Traditional_Chinese_characters&action=history&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB"> <div class="post-content last-modified-bar__content"> Last edited on 22 November 2024, at 16:05 </div></a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id="mw-data-after-content"> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Languages</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tradisionele_Chinese_karakters" title="Tradisionele Chinese karakters – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Tradisionele Chinese karakters" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25AD%25D8%25B1%25D9%2588%25D9%2581_%25D8%25B5%25D9%258A%25D9%2586%25D9%258A%25D8%25A9_%25D8%25AA%25D9%2582%25D9%2584%25D9%258A%25D8%25AF%25D9%258A%25D8%25A9" title="حروف صينية تقليدية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="حروف صينية تقليدية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinu_tradicional" title="Chinu tradicional – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Chinu tradicional" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25C6%258Fn%25C9%2599n%25C9%2599vi_%25C3%2587in_heroqrifl%25C9%2599ri" title="Ənənəvi Çin heroqrifləri – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Ənənəvi Çin heroqrifləri" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25B3%25D9%2588%25D9%2586%25D8%25AA%25DB%258C_%25DA%2586%25DB%258C%25D9%2586_%25DB%258C%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B2%25DB%258C%25D8%25B3%25DB%258C" title="سونتی چین یازیسی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="سونتی چین یازیسی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A6%25AA%25E0%25A7%258D%25E0%25A6%25B0%25E0%25A6%25A5%25E0%25A6%25BE%25E0%25A6%2597%25E0%25A6%25A4_%25E0%25A6%259A%25E0%25A7%2580%25E0%25A6%25A8%25E0%25A6%25BE_%25E0%25A6%2585%25E0%25A6%2595%25E0%25A7%258D%25E0%25A6%25B7%25E0%25A6%25B0" title="প্রথাগত চীনা অক্ষর – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="প্রথাগত চীনা অক্ষর" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ho%25C3%25A2n-th%25C3%25A9-j%25C4%25AB" title="Hoân-thé-jī – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Hoân-thé-jī" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A2%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B4%25D0%25B8%25D1%2586%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BD_%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B8%25D1%2582%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B9%25D1%2581%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B8" title="Традиционен китайски – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Традиционен китайски" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traditionelt_kinesisk" title="Traditionelt kinesisk – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Traditionelt kinesisk" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Langzeichen" title="Langzeichen – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Langzeichen" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25CE%25A0%25CE%25B1%25CF%2581%25CE%25B1%25CE%25B4%25CE%25BF%25CF%2583%25CE%25B9%25CE%25B1%25CE%25BA%25CE%25BF%25CE%25AF_%25CE%25BA%25CE%25B9%25CE%25BD%25CE%25B5%25CE%25B6%25CE%25B9%25CE%25BA%25CE%25BF%25CE%25AF_%25CF%2587%25CE%25B1%25CF%2581%25CE%25B1%25CE%25BA%25CF%2584%25CE%25AE%25CF%2581%25CE%25B5%25CF%2582" title="Παραδοσιακοί κινεζικοί χαρακτήρες – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Παραδοσιακοί κινεζικοί χαρακτήρες" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caracteres_chinos_tradicionales" title="Caracteres chinos tradicionales – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Caracteres chinos tradicionales" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tradicia_%25C4%2589ina_skribo" title="Tradicia ĉina skribo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Tradicia ĉina skribo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Txinera_tradizional" title="Txinera tradizional – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Txinera tradizional" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2586%25D9%2588%25DB%258C%25D8%25B3%25D9%2587%25E2%2580%258C%25D9%2587%25D8%25A7%25DB%258C_%25DA%2586%25DB%258C%25D9%2586%25DB%258C_%25D8%25B3%25D9%2586%25D8%25AA%25DB%258C" title="نویسه‌های چینی سنتی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="نویسه‌های چینی سنتی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinogramme_traditionnel" title="Sinogramme traditionnel – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Sinogramme traditionnel" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tradisjonele_Sineeske_karakters" title="Tradisjonele Sineeske karakters – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Tradisjonele Sineeske karakters" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chin%25C3%25A9s_tradicional" title="Chinés tradicional – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Chinés tradicional" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25EC%25A0%2595%25EC%25B2%25B4%25EC%259E%2590" title="정체자 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="정체자" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D4%25B1%25D5%25BE%25D5%25A1%25D5%25B6%25D5%25A4%25D5%25A1%25D5%25AF%25D5%25A1%25D5%25B6_%25D5%25B0%25D5%25AB%25D5%25A5%25D6%2580%25D5%25B8%25D5%25A3%25D5%25AC%25D5%25AB%25D6%2586%25D5%25B6%25D5%25A5%25D6%2580" title="Ավանդական հիերոգլիֆներ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ավանդական հիերոգլիֆներ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25AA%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A4%25AE%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25AA%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A4%25BF%25E0%25A4%2595_%25E0%25A4%259A%25E0%25A5%2580%25E0%25A4%25A8%25E0%25A5%2580_%25E0%25A4%25B5%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25A3" title="पारम्परिक चीनी वर्ण – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="पारम्परिक चीनी वर्ण" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nk%25C3%25A1r%25C3%25AD_as%25E1%25BB%25A5s%25E1%25BB%25A5_China_nke_%25C3%25B3m%25C3%25A9n%25C3%25A0l%25C3%25A0" title="Nkárí asụsụ China nke óménàlà – Igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Nkárí asụsụ China nke óménàlà" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="Igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Igbo</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karkarakter_a_tradisional_nga_Insik" title="Karkarakter a tradisional nga Insik – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Karkarakter a tradisional nga Insik" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ilokano</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aksara_Han_tradisional" title="Aksara Han tradisional – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Aksara Han tradisional" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hef%25C3%25B0bundin_k%25C3%25ADnversk_t%25C3%25A1kn" title="Hefðbundin kínversk tákn – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Hefðbundin kínversk tákn" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caratteri_cinesi_tradizionali" title="Caratteri cinesi tradizionali – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Caratteri cinesi tradizionali" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D7%25A1%25D7%2599%25D7%25A0%25D7%2599%25D7%25AA_%25D7%259E%25D7%25A1%25D7%2595%25D7%25A8%25D7%25AA%25D7%2599%25D7%25AA" title="סינית מסורתית – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="סינית מסורתית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aksara_Cinten_tradhisional" title="Aksara Cinten tradhisional – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Aksara Cinten tradhisional" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2583%2595%25E1%2583%25A0%25E1%2583%25AA%25E1%2583%2594%25E1%2583%259A%25E1%2583%2598_(%25E1%2583%25A2%25E1%2583%25A0%25E1%2583%2590%25E1%2583%2593%25E1%2583%2598%25E1%2583%25AA%25E1%2583%2598%25E1%2583%25A3%25E1%2583%259A%25E1%2583%2598)_%25E1%2583%259C%25E1%2583%2598%25E1%2583%25A8%25E1%2583%259C%25E1%2583%2594%25E1%2583%2591%25E1%2583%2598" title="ვრცელი (ტრადიციული) ნიშნები – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ვრცელი (ტრადიციული) ნიშნები" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2594%25D3%2599%25D1%2581%25D1%2582%25D2%25AF%25D1%2580%25D0%25BB%25D1%2596_%25D2%259B%25D1%258B%25D1%2582%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B9_%25D0%25B6%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B7%25D1%2583%25D1%258B" title="Дәстүрлі қытай жазуы – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Дәстүрлі қытай жазуы" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carateri_cinesc_tradiziunei" title="Carateri cinesc tradiziunei – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Carateri cinesc tradiziunei" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladin</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinezo_tradisional" title="Kinezo tradisional – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Kinezo tradisional" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladino</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hagyom%25C3%25A1nyos_k%25C3%25ADnai_%25C3%25ADr%25C3%25A1s" title="Hagyományos kínai írás – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Hagyományos kínai írás" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A2%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B4%25D0%25B8%25D1%2586%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BB%25D0%25BD%25D0%25BE_%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B5%25D1%2581%25D0%25BA%25D0%25BE_%25D0%25BF%25D0%25B8%25D1%2581%25D0%25BC%25D0%25BE" title="Традиционално кинеско писмо – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Традиционално кинеско писмо" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%259C%25E0%25A5%2581%25E0%25A4%25A8%25E0%25A5%2580_%25E0%25A4%259A%25E0%25A4%25BF%25E0%25A4%25A8%25E0%25A5%2580_%25E0%25A4%25B2%25E0%25A4%25BF%25E0%25A4%25AA%25E0%25A5%2580" title="जुनी चिनी लिपी – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="जुनी चिनी लिपी" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2583%25A2%25E1%2583%25A0%25E1%2583%2590%25E1%2583%2593%25E1%2583%2598%25E1%2583%25AA%25E1%2583%2598%25E1%2583%25A3%25E1%2583%259A%25E1%2583%2598_%25E1%2583%25A9%25E1%2583%2598%25E1%2583%259C%25E1%2583%25A3%25E1%2583%25A0%25E1%2583%2598_%25E1%2583%2598%25E1%2583%2594%25E1%2583%25A0%25E1%2583%259D%25E1%2583%2592%25E1%2583%259A%25E1%2583%2598%25E1%2583%25A4%25E1%2583%2594%25E1%2583%25A4%25E1%2583%2598" title="ტრადიციული ჩინური იეროგლიფეფი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ტრადიციული ჩინური იეროგლიფეფი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2584%25D8%25BA%25D9%2587_%25D8%25B5%25D9%258A%25D9%2586%25D9%2589_%25D8%25AA%25D9%2582%25D9%2584%25D9%258A%25D8%25AF%25D9%2589" title="لغه صينى تقليدى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="لغه صينى تقليدى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tulisan_Cina_Tradisional" title="Tulisan Cina Tradisional – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Tulisan Cina Tradisional" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Di%25C3%25B2ng-t%25C5%25ABng_H%25C3%25A1ng-c%25C3%25AA" title="Diòng-tūng Háng-cê – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Diòng-tūng Háng-cê" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2580%259B%25E1%2580%25AD%25E1%2580%25AF%25E1%2580%25B8%25E1%2580%259B%25E1%2580%25AC%25E1%2580%2590%25E1%2580%259B%25E1%2580%25AF%25E1%2580%2590%25E1%2580%25BA%25E1%2580%2585%25E1%2580%25AC%25E1%2580%259C%25E1%2580%25AF%25E1%2580%25B6%25E1%2580%25B8%25E1%2580%2599%25E1%2580%25BB%25E1%2580%25AC%25E1%2580%25B8" title="ရိုးရာတရုတ်စာလုံးများ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ရိုးရာတရုတ်စာလုံးများ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traditionele_Chinese_karakters" title="Traditionele Chinese karakters – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Traditionele Chinese karakters" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E7%25B9%2581%25E4%25BD%2593%25E5%25AD%2597" title="繁体字 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="繁体字" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tradisjonell_kinesisk" title="Tradisjonell kinesisk – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Tradisjonell kinesisk" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tradisjonell_kinesisk_skrift" title="Tradisjonell kinesisk skrift – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Tradisjonell kinesisk skrift" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A8%25B0%25E0%25A8%25B5%25E0%25A8%25BE%25E0%25A8%2587%25E0%25A8%25A4%25E0%25A9%2580_%25E0%25A8%259A%25E0%25A9%2580%25E0%25A8%25A8%25E0%25A9%2580_%25E0%25A8%25B5%25E0%25A8%25B0%25E0%25A8%25A3%25E0%25A8%25AE%25E0%25A8%25BE%25E0%25A8%25B2%25E0%25A8%25BE" title="ਰਵਾਇਤੀ ਚੀਨੀ ਵਰਣਮਾਲਾ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਰਵਾਇਤੀ ਚੀਨੀ ਵਰਣਮਾਲਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25B1%25D9%2588%25D8%25A7%25DB%258C%25D8%25AA%25DB%258C_%25DA%2586%25DB%258C%25D9%2586%25DB%258C" title="روایتی چینی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="روایتی چینی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25AF%25D9%2588%25D8%25AF%25D9%258A%25D8%25B2%25D9%2587_%25DA%2586%25D9%258A%25D9%2586%25D8%25A7%25D9%258A%25D9%258A_%25D8%25AA%25D9%2588%25D8%25B1%25D9%258A" title="دوديزه چينايي توري – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="دوديزه چينايي توري" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%259E%258F%25E1%259E%25BD%25E1%259E%25A2%25E1%259E%2580%25E1%259F%2592%25E1%259E%259F%25E1%259E%259A%25E1%259E%2585%25E1%259E%25B7%25E1%259E%2593%25E1%259E%2594%25E1%259E%25BB%25E1%259E%259A%25E1%259E%25B6%25E1%259E%258E" title="តួអក្សរចិនបុរាណ – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="តួអក្សរចិនបុរាណ" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target">ភាសាខ្មែរ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tradycyjne_pismo_chi%25C5%2584skie" title="Tradycyjne pismo chińskie – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Tradycyjne pismo chińskie" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chin%25C3%25AAs_tradicional" title="Chinês tradicional – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Chinês tradicional" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A2%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B4%25D0%25B8%25D1%2586%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BD%25D0%25BD%25D1%258B%25D0%25B5_%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B8%25D1%2582%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B9%25D1%2581%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B5_%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B5%25D1%2580%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B3%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B8%25D1%2584%25D1%258B" title="Традиционные китайские иероглифы – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Традиционные китайские иероглифы" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B7%2583%25E0%25B6%25B8%25E0%25B7%258A%25E0%25B6%25B4%25E0%25B7%258A%25E2%2580%258D%25E0%25B6%25BB%25E0%25B6%25AF%25E0%25B7%258F%25E0%25B6%25BA%25E0%25B7%2592%25E0%25B6%259A_%25E0%25B6%25A0%25E0%25B7%2593%25E0%25B6%25B1_%25E0%25B6%2585%25E0%25B6%259A%25E0%25B7%258A%25E0%25B7%2582%25E0%25B6%25BB" title="සම්ප්‍රදායික චීන අක්ෂර – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="සම්ප්‍රදායික චීන අක්ෂර" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target">සිංහල</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Traditional Chinese characters" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A2%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B4%25D0%25B8%25D1%2586%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BB%25D0%25BD%25D0%25BE_%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B5%25D1%2581%25D0%25BA%25D0%25BE_%25D0%25BF%25D0%25B8%25D1%2581%25D0%25BC%25D0%25BE" title="Традиционално кинеско писмо – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Традиционално кинеско писмо" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tradicionalno_kinesko_pismo" title="Tradicionalno kinesko pismo – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Tradicionalno kinesko pismo" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perinteiset_merkit" title="Perinteiset merkit – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Perinteiset merkit" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traditionella_kinesiska_tecken" title="Traditionella kinesiska tecken – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Traditionella kinesiska tecken" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tradisyonal_na_panitik_ng_wikang_Intsik" title="Tradisyonal na panitik ng wikang Intsik – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Tradisyonal na panitik ng wikang Intsik" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B8%25AD%25E0%25B8%25B1%25E0%25B8%2581%25E0%25B8%25A9%25E0%25B8%25A3%25E0%25B8%2588%25E0%25B8%25B5%25E0%25B8%2599%25E0%25B8%2595%25E0%25B8%25B1%25E0%25B8%25A7%25E0%25B9%2580%25E0%25B8%2595%25E0%25B9%2587%25E0%25B8%25A1" title="อักษรจีนตัวเต็ม – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="อักษรจีนตัวเต็ม" data-language-autonym="ไทย" 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