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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "//www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="//www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" /><title>Romans 16:16 Greet one another with a holy kiss. All the churches of Christ send you greetings.</title><link rel="canonical" href="https://biblehub.com/romans/16-16.htm" /><link rel="stylesheet" href="/new9.css" type="text/css" media="Screen" /><meta property="og:image" content="https://biblehub.com/visuals/3/45_Rom_16_16.jpg" /><meta property="og:title" content="Romans 16:16 - Personal Greetings and Love" /><meta property="og:site_name" content="Bible Hub" /><meta property="og:description" content="Greet one another with a holy kiss. 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All the churches of Christ send greetings.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/nlt/romans/16.htm">New Living Translation</a></span><br />Greet each other with a sacred kiss. All the churches of Christ send you their greetings.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/esv/romans/16.htm">English Standard Version</a></span><br />Greet one another with a holy kiss. All the churches of Christ greet you.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/bsb/romans/16.htm">Berean Standard Bible</a></span><br />Greet one another with a holy kiss. All the churches of Christ send you greetings.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/blb/romans/16.htm">Berean Literal Bible</a></span><br />Greet one another with a holy kiss. All the churches of Christ greet you.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/kjv/romans/16.htm">King James Bible</a></span><br />Salute one another with an holy kiss. The churches of Christ salute you.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/nkjv/romans/16.htm">New King James Version</a></span><br />Greet one another with a holy kiss. The churches of Christ greet you.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/nasb_/romans/16.htm">New American Standard Bible</a></span><br />Greet one another with a holy kiss. All the churches of Christ greet you.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/nasb/romans/16.htm">NASB 1995</a></span><br />Greet one another with a holy kiss. All the churches of Christ greet you.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/nasb77/romans/16.htm">NASB 1977 </a></span><br />Greet one another with a holy kiss. All the churches of Christ greet you.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/lsb/romans/16.htm">Legacy Standard Bible </a></span><br />Greet one another with a holy kiss. All the churches of Christ greet you.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/amp/romans/16.htm">Amplified Bible</a></span><br />Greet one another with a holy kiss. All the churches of Christ greet you.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/csb/romans/16.htm">Christian Standard Bible</a></span><br />Greet one another with a holy kiss. All the churches of Christ send you greetings.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/hcsb/romans/16.htm">Holman Christian Standard Bible</a></span><br />Greet one another with a holy kiss. All the churches of Christ send you greetings. <span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/asv/romans/16.htm">American Standard Version</a></span><br />Salute one another with a holy kiss. All the churches of Christ salute you.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/cev/romans/16.htm">Contemporary English Version</a></span><br />Be sure to give each other a warm greeting. All of Christ's churches greet you. <span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/erv/romans/16.htm">English Revised Version</a></span><br />Salute one another with a holy kiss. All the churches of Christ salute you.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/gwt/romans/16.htm">GOD'S WORD® Translation</a></span><br />Greet each other with a holy kiss. All the churches of Christ greet you.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/gnt/romans/16.htm">Good News Translation</a></span><br />Greet one another with the kiss of peace. All the churches of Christ send you their greetings. <span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/isv/romans/16.htm">International Standard Version</a></span><br />Greet one another with a holy kiss. All the churches of the Messiah greet you.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/msb/romans/16.htm">Majority Standard Bible</a></span><br />Greet one another with a holy kiss. The churches of Christ send you greetings.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/net/romans/16.htm">NET Bible</a></span><br />Greet one another with a holy kiss. All the churches of Christ greet you. <span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/nheb/romans/16.htm">New Heart English Bible</a></span><br />Greet one another with a holy kiss. The churches of Christ greet you.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/wbt/romans/16.htm">Webster's Bible Translation</a></span><br />Salute one another with a holy kiss. The churches of Christ salute you.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/wey/romans/16.htm">Weymouth New Testament</a></span><br />Salute one another with a holy kiss. All the Churches of Christ send greetings to you.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/web/romans/16.htm">World English Bible</a></span><br />Greet one another with a holy kiss. The assemblies of Christ greet you. <div class="vheading2"><b>Literal Translations</b></div><span class="versiontext"><a href="/lsv/romans/16.htm">Literal Standard Version</a></span><br />greet one another in a holy kiss; the assemblies of Christ greet you.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/blb/romans/16.htm">Berean Literal Bible</a></span><br />Greet one another with a holy kiss. All the churches of Christ greet you.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/ylt/romans/16.htm">Young's Literal Translation</a></span><br /> salute one another in a holy kiss; the assemblies of Christ do salute you.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/slt/romans/16.htm">Smith's Literal Translation</a></span><br />Embrace one another with a holy kiss. The churches of Christ embrace you.<div class="vheading2"><b>Catholic Translations</b></div><span class="versiontext"><a href="/drb/romans/16.htm">Douay-Rheims Bible</a></span><br />Salute one another with an holy kiss. All the churches of Christ salute you. <span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/cpdv/romans/16.htm">Catholic Public Domain Version</a></span><br />Greet one another with a holy kiss. All the churches of Christ greet you.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/nabre/romans/16.htm">New American Bible</a></span><br />Greet one another with a holy kiss. All the churches of Christ greet you. <span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/nrsvce/romans/16.htm">New Revised Standard Version</a></span><br />Greet one another with a holy kiss. All the churches of Christ greet you.<div class="vheading2"><b>Translations from Aramaic</b></div><span class="versiontext"><a href="/lamsa/romans/16.htm">Lamsa Bible</a></span><br />Salute one another with a holy kiss. The churches of Christ salute you.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/aramaic-plain-english/romans/16.htm">Aramaic Bible in Plain English</a></span><br />Invoke the peace of one another with a holy kiss. All the churches of The Messiah invoke your peace.<div class="vheading2"><b>NT Translations</b></div><span class="versiontext"><a href="/anderson/romans/16.htm">Anderson New Testament</a></span><br />Salute one another with a holy kiss. The churches of the Christ salute you.<CM><span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/godbey/romans/16.htm">Godbey New Testament</a></span><br />Salute one another with a holy kiss. All the churches of Christ salute you.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/haweis/romans/16.htm">Haweis New Testament</a></span><br />Salute one another with the holy kiss. The churches of Christ salute you.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/mace/romans/16.htm">Mace New Testament</a></span><br />salute one anther with an holy kiss, all the churches of Christ here, salute you.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/wey/romans/16.htm">Weymouth New Testament</a></span><br />Salute one another with a holy kiss. All the Churches of Christ send greetings to you.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/worrell/romans/16.htm">Worrell New Testament</a></span><br />Salute one another with a holy kiss. All the assemblies of Christ salute you.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/worsley/romans/16.htm">Worsley New Testament</a></span><br />Salute one another with an holy kiss. The churches of Christ salute you.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/parallel/romans/16-16.htm">Additional Translations ...</a></span></div></div></div><div id="centbox"><div class="padcent"><a name="study" id="study"></a><div class="vheadingv"><b>Audio Bible</b></div><iframe width="100%" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/KIZs4GUMn-g?start=3994" title="YouTube video player" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" allowfullscreen></iframe><span class="p"><br /><br /><br /></span><div class="vheadingv"><b>Context</b></div><span class="hdg"><a href="/bsb/romans/16.htm">Personal Greetings and Love</a></span><br>…<span class="reftext">15</span>Greet Philologus and Julia, Nereus and his sister, and Olympas and all the saints with them. <span class="reftext">16</span><span class="highl"><a href="/greek/782.htm" title="782: Aspasasthe (V-AMM-2P) -- To greet, salute, pay my respects to, welcome. To enfold in the arms, i.e. to salute, to welcome.">Greet</a> <a href="/greek/240.htm" title="240: allēlous (RecPro-AMP) -- One another, each other. Genitive plural from allos reduplicated; one another.">one another</a> <a href="/greek/1722.htm" title="1722: en (Prep) -- In, on, among. A primary preposition denoting position, and instrumentality, i.e. A relation of rest; in, at, on, by, etc.">with</a> <a href="/greek/40.htm" title="40: hagiō (Adj-DNS) -- Set apart by (or for) God, holy, sacred. From hagos; sacred.">a holy</a> <a href="/greek/5370.htm" title="5370: philēmati (N-DNS) -- A kiss. From phileo; a kiss.">kiss.</a> <a href="/greek/3956.htm" title="3956: pasai (Adj-NFP) -- All, the whole, every kind of. Including all the forms of declension; apparently a primary word; all, any, every, the whole.">All</a> <a href="/greek/3588.htm" title="3588: hai (Art-NFP) -- The, the definite article. Including the feminine he, and the neuter to in all their inflections; the definite article; the.">the</a> <a href="/greek/1577.htm" title="1577: ekklēsiai (N-NFP) -- From a compound of ek and a derivative of kaleo; a calling out, i.e. a popular meeting, especially a religious congregation.">churches</a> <a href="/greek/3588.htm" title="3588: tou (Art-GMS) -- The, the definite article. Including the feminine he, and the neuter to in all their inflections; the definite article; the."></a> <a href="/greek/5547.htm" title="5547: Christou (N-GMS) -- Anointed One; the Messiah, the Christ. From chrio; Anointed One, i.e. The Messiah, an epithet of Jesus.">of Christ</a> <a href="/greek/782.htm" title="782: Aspazontai (V-PIM/P-3P) -- To greet, salute, pay my respects to, welcome. To enfold in the arms, i.e. to salute, to welcome.">send you greetings.</a> <a href="/greek/4771.htm" title="4771: hymas (PPro-A2P) -- You. The person pronoun of the second person singular; thou."></a> </span> <span class="reftext">17</span>Now I urge you, brothers, to watch out for those who create divisions and obstacles that are contrary to the teaching you have learned. Turn away from them.…<div class="cred"><a href="//berean.bible">Berean Standard Bible</a> · <a href="//berean.bible/downloads.htm">Download</a></div><span class="p"><br /><br /></span><a name="crossref" id="crossref"></a><div class="vheading">Cross References</div><div id="crf"><span class="crossverse"><a href="/1_corinthians/16-20.htm">1 Corinthians 16:20</a></span><br />All the brothers here send you greetings. Greet one another with a holy kiss.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/2_corinthians/13-12.htm">2 Corinthians 13:12</a></span><br />Greet one another with a holy kiss.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/1_peter/5-14.htm">1 Peter 5:14</a></span><br />Greet one another with a kiss of love. Peace to all of you who are in Christ.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/1_thessalonians/5-26.htm">1 Thessalonians 5:26</a></span><br />Greet all the brothers with a holy kiss.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/philippians/4-21.htm">Philippians 4:21-22</a></span><br />Greet all the saints in Christ Jesus. The brothers who are with me send you greetings. / All the saints send you greetings, especially those from the household of Caesar.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/colossians/4-10.htm">Colossians 4:10-15</a></span><br />My fellow prisoner Aristarchus sends you greetings, as does Mark the cousin of Barnabas. You have already received instructions about him: If he comes to you, welcome him. / Jesus, who is called Justus, also sends greetings. These are the only Jews among my fellow workers for the kingdom of God, and they have been a comfort to me. / Epaphras, who is one of you and a servant of Christ Jesus, sends you greetings. He is always wrestling in prayer for you, so that you may stand mature and fully assured in the full will of God. ...<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/acts/20-28.htm">Acts 20:28</a></span><br />Keep watch over yourselves and the entire flock of which the Holy Spirit has made you overseers. Be shepherds of the church of God, which He purchased with His own blood.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/ephesians/4-3.htm">Ephesians 4:3-6</a></span><br />and with diligence to preserve the unity of the Spirit through the bond of peace. / There is one body and one Spirit, just as you were called to one hope when you were called; / one Lord, one faith, one baptism; ...<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/john/13-34.htm">John 13:34-35</a></span><br />A new commandment I give you: Love one another. As I have loved you, so you also must love one another. / By this everyone will know that you are My disciples, if you love one another.”<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/matthew/5-47.htm">Matthew 5:47</a></span><br />And if you greet only your brothers, what are you doing more than others? Do not even Gentiles do the same?<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/galatians/6-10.htm">Galatians 6:10</a></span><br />Therefore, as we have opportunity, let us do good to everyone, and especially to the family of faith.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/hebrews/13-24.htm">Hebrews 13:24</a></span><br />Greet all your leaders and all the saints. Those from Italy send you greetings.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/1_john/4-7.htm">1 John 4:7</a></span><br />Beloved, let us love one another, because love comes from God. Everyone who loves has been born of God and knows God.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/1_john/3-11.htm">1 John 3:11</a></span><br />This is the message you have heard from the beginning: We should love one another.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/leviticus/19-18.htm">Leviticus 19:18</a></span><br />Do not seek revenge or bear a grudge against any of your people, but love your neighbor as yourself. I am the LORD.</div><span class="p"><br /><br /></span><a name="tsk" id="tsk"><div class="vheading">Treasury of Scripture</div><p class="tsk2">Salute one another with an holy kiss. The churches of Christ salute you.</p><p class="hdg">with.</p><p class="tskverse"><b><a href="/acts/20-37.htm">Acts 20:37</a></b></br> And they all wept sore, and fell on Paul's neck, and kissed him,</p><p class="tskverse"><b><a href="/1_corinthians/16-20.htm">1 Corinthians 16:20</a></b></br> All the brethren greet you. Greet ye one another with an holy kiss.</p><p class="tskverse"><b><a href="/2_corinthians/13-12.htm">2 Corinthians 13:12</a></b></br> Greet one another with an holy kiss.</p><p class="hdg">The.</p><p class="tskverse"><b><a href="/romans/16-4.htm">Romans 16:4</a></b></br> Who have for my life laid down their own necks: unto whom not only I give thanks, but also all the churches of the Gentiles.</p><div class="vheading">Jump to Previous</div><a href="/romans/16-4.htm">Assemblies</a> <a href="/romans/16-10.htm">Christ</a> <a href="/romans/16-4.htm">Churches</a> <a href="/romans/16-15.htm">Greet</a> <a href="/romans/16-14.htm">Greetings</a> <a href="/romans/15-21.htm">Holy</a> <a href="/luke/22-48.htm">Kiss</a> <a href="/romans/16-15.htm">Love</a> <a href="/romans/16-15.htm">Salute</a><div class="vheading2">Jump to Next</div><a href="/1_corinthians/7-17.htm">Assemblies</a> <a href="/romans/16-18.htm">Christ</a> <a href="/1_corinthians/7-17.htm">Churches</a> <a href="/romans/16-22.htm">Greet</a> <a href="/romans/16-21.htm">Greetings</a> <a href="/1_corinthians/1-19.htm">Holy</a> <a href="/1_corinthians/16-20.htm">Kiss</a> <a href="/1_corinthians/2-9.htm">Love</a> <a href="/romans/16-21.htm">Salute</a><div class="vheading2">Romans 16</div><span class="reftext">1. </span><span class="outlinetext"><a href="/romans/16-1.htm">Paul wills the brothers to greet many;</a></span><br><span class="reftext">17. </span><span class="outlinetext"><a href="/romans/16-17.htm">and advises them to take heed of those which cause dissension and offenses;</a></span><br><span class="reftext">21. </span><span class="outlinetext"><a href="/romans/16-21.htm">and after various salutations ends with praise and thanks to God.</a></span><br></div></div><div id="mdd"><div align="center"><div class="bot2"><table align="center" width="100%"><tr><td><div align="center"> <script id="3d27ed63fc4348d5b062c4527ae09445"> (new Image()).src = 'https://capi.connatix.com/tr/si?token=51ce25d5-1a8c-424a-8695-4bd48c750f35&cid=3a9f82d0-4344-4f8d-ac0c-e1a0eb43a405'; </script> <script id="b817b7107f1d4a7997da1b3c33457e03"> (new Image()).src = 'https://capi.connatix.com/tr/si?token=cb0edd8b-b416-47eb-8c6d-3cc96561f7e8&cid=3a9f82d0-4344-4f8d-ac0c-e1a0eb43a405'; </script><br /><br />  <div id='div-gpt-ad-1529103594582-2'> </div><br /><br />  <div id='div-gpt-ad-1529103594582-0' style='max-width: 300px;'> </div><br /><br />  <div id='div-gpt-ad-1529103594582-3'> </div><br /><br />  <div id='div-gpt-ad-1529103594582-1' style='max-width: 300px;'> </div><br /><br />  <div align="center" id='div-gpt-ad-1531425649696-0'> </div><br /><br /> <script type="text/javascript"> </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="//pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/show_ads.js"> </script><br /><br /> </div> </td></tr></table></div></div></div><div id="combox"><div class="padcom"><a name="commentary" id="commentary"></a><div class="vheading"><a href="/study/romans/16.htm">Berean Study Bible</a></div><b>Greet one another</b><br />The phrase "Greet one another" emphasizes the importance of fellowship and community within the body of Christ. The Greek word for "greet" is "ἀσπάσασθε" (aspasasthe), which conveys a sense of welcoming and embracing. In the early church, greetings were not mere formalities but expressions of genuine love and unity. This instruction reflects the communal nature of the early Christian gatherings, where believers were encouraged to build strong, supportive relationships. Historically, greetings were significant in the ancient world, often involving physical gestures like a kiss or embrace, symbolizing peace and reconciliation.<p><b>with a holy kiss</b><br />The "holy kiss" was a customary greeting among early Christians, known in Greek as "φίλημα ἅγιον" (phílēma hágion). This practice was a sign of mutual love and acceptance, transcending social and cultural barriers. The adjective "holy" signifies that this kiss was set apart from common social customs, imbued with spiritual significance. It was a physical expression of the unity and purity expected within the Christian community. In the historical context, such a greeting would have been countercultural, as it broke down divisions between different social classes and ethnic groups, reflecting the transformative power of the Gospel.<p><b>All the churches of Christ</b><br />This phrase underscores the universality and interconnectedness of the Christian faith. "All the churches of Christ" refers to the collective body of believers across different regions and cultures. The Greek word for "churches" is "ἐκκλησίαι" (ekklēsiai), meaning assemblies or gatherings of believers. This highlights the early church's understanding of being part of a larger, global family united in Christ. The mention of "Christ" as the head of these churches emphasizes His central role in the life and mission of the church. Historically, this reflects the rapid spread of Christianity and the establishment of diverse communities bound together by their faith in Jesus.<p><b>send you greetings</b><br />The act of sending greetings, "ἀσπάζονται ὑμᾶς" (aspázontai hymas), illustrates the deep bonds of fellowship and concern among early Christians, even across distances. This phrase indicates that the churches were not isolated but maintained communication and support for one another. It reflects the early church's commitment to unity and encouragement, as believers shared in each other's joys and struggles. The historical context of this practice shows the importance of letters and messengers in maintaining these connections, fostering a sense of belonging and solidarity among the scattered communities of faith.<div class="vheading2"><a href="/commentaries/ellicott/romans/16.htm">Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers</a></div>(16) <span class= "bld">Salute one another.</span>--As a mark of brotherly feeling among themselves, St. Paul desires those who are assembled at the reading of his Epistle to greet each other in a Christian way. It is to be their own act and not a salutation coming from him.<p><span class= "bld">With an holy kiss.</span>--A common Eastern and Jewish custom specially consecrated in Christianity. (Comp. <a href="/1_corinthians/16-20.htm" title="All the brothers greet you. Greet you one another with an holy kiss.">1Corinthians 16:20</a>; <a href="/2_corinthians/13-12.htm" title="Greet one another with an holy kiss.">2Corinthians 13:12</a>; <a href="/1_thessalonians/5-26.htm" title="Greet all the brothers with an holy kiss.">1Thessalonians 5:26</a>; <a href="/1_peter/5-14.htm" title="Greet you one another with a kiss of charity. Peace be with you all that are in Christ Jesus. Amen.">1Peter 5:14</a>.)<p><span class= "bld">The churches of Christ.</span>--The word "all" should be inserted. As being the Apostle of the Gentiles, and knowing as he did the interest which all would take in the church of the great metropolis, St. Paul feels himself fully justified in speaking for all the churches of his foundation.<p><div class="vheading2"><a href="/commentaries/pulpit/romans/16.htm">Pulpit Commentary</a></div><span class="cmt_sub_title">Verse 16.</span> - <span class="cmt_word">Salute one another with an holy hiss. All the Churches of Christ salute you.</span> For allusions to the <span class="accented">kiss of peace</span> among Christians, cf. <a href="/1_thessalonians/5-26.htm">1 Thessalonians 5:26</a>; <a href="/1_corinthians/16-20.htm">1 Corinthians 16:20</a>; <a href="/2_corinthians/13-12.htm">2 Corinthians 13:12</a>; <a href="/1_peter/5-14.htm">1 Peter 5:14</a>. Justin Martyr ('Apol.,' 85) speaks of it as exchanged before the Eucharist, and it is alluded to by many Fathers, directed in the 'Apostolical Constitutions,' and has its place in ancient liturgies (see Bingham, 15. 3:3). St. Paul, of course, in enjoining it here and in other Epistles, has in view the concord which it expressed. In sending salutations from "all the Churches of Christ" (<span class="greek">πᾶσαι</span>, omitted in the Textus Receptus, having authority decidedly in its favour), he may be understood as conveying to the Roman Christians the feeling towards them that had been expressed generally by the Churches he had visited. He may have spoken wherever he went of his intention of visiting Rome, and perhaps of meanwhile sending a letter thither; and the several Churches may have charged him with kind messages. Before authenticating these salutations with his usual autographic benediction, he feels bound to add one additional warning. The thought occurs to him, and he cannot but give expression to it. The warning is against a class of persons whose mischievous activity he had had experience of elsewhere, and attempts by some of whom to disturb the peace of the Roman Church he may possibly have heard cf. They may have been Judaists, or others who taught views contrary to the received faith, and so caused divisions and offences in the Churches. For allusions to such elsewhere, cf. <a href="/galatians/1-6.htm">Galatians 1:6</a>, <span class="accented">seq</span>.; Galatians 3:1, <span class="accented">seq</span>.; <a href="/colossians/2-8.htm">Colossians 2:8</a>, <span class="accented">seq.</span>; <a href="/2_corinthians/11-13.htm">2 Corinthians 11:13</a>, <span class="accented">seq</span>. For proof of such having been at work afterwards at Rome, cf. <a href="/philippians/1-15.htm">Philippians 1:15</a>, <span class="accented">seq</span>.; Philippians 3:2, 17, <span class="accented">seq.</span> <span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/commentaries/romans/16-16.htm">Parallel Commentaries ...</a></span><span class="p"><br /><br /><br /></span><a name="lexicon" id="lexicon"></a><div class="vheading">Greek</div><span class="word">Greet</span><br /><span class="grk">Ἀσπάσασθε</span> <span class="translit">(Aspasasthe)</span><br /><span class="parse">Verb - Aorist Imperative Middle - 2nd Person Plural<br /></span><span class="str"><a href="/greek/strongs_782.htm">Strong's 782: </a> </span><span class="str2">To greet, salute, pay my respects to, welcome. To enfold in the arms, i.e. to salute, to welcome.</span><br /><br /><span class="word">one another</span><br /><span class="grk">ἀλλήλους</span> <span class="translit">(allēlous)</span><br /><span class="parse">Personal / Reciprocal Pronoun - Accusative Masculine Plural<br /></span><span class="str"><a href="/greek/strongs_240.htm">Strong's 240: </a> </span><span class="str2">One another, each other. Genitive plural from allos reduplicated; one another.</span><br /><br /><span class="word">with</span><br /><span class="grk">ἐν</span> <span class="translit">(en)</span><br /><span class="parse">Preposition<br /></span><span class="str"><a href="/greek/strongs_1722.htm">Strong's 1722: </a> </span><span class="str2">In, on, among. A primary preposition denoting position, and instrumentality, i.e. A relation of rest; 'in, ' at, on, by, etc.</span><br /><br /><span class="word">a holy</span><br /><span class="grk">ἁγίῳ</span> <span class="translit">(hagiō)</span><br /><span class="parse">Adjective - Dative Neuter Singular<br /></span><span class="str"><a href="/greek/strongs_40.htm">Strong's 40: </a> </span><span class="str2">Set apart by (or for) God, holy, sacred. From hagos; sacred.</span><br /><br /><span class="word">kiss.</span><br /><span class="grk">φιλήματι</span> <span class="translit">(philēmati)</span><br /><span class="parse">Noun - Dative Neuter Singular<br /></span><span class="str"><a href="/greek/strongs_5370.htm">Strong's 5370: </a> </span><span class="str2">A kiss. From phileo; a kiss.</span><br /><br /><span class="word">All</span><br /><span class="grk">πᾶσαι</span> <span class="translit">(pasai)</span><br /><span class="parse">Adjective - Nominative Feminine Plural<br /></span><span class="str"><a href="/greek/strongs_3956.htm">Strong's 3956: </a> </span><span class="str2">All, the whole, every kind of. Including all the forms of declension; apparently a primary word; all, any, every, the whole.</span><br /><br /><span class="word">the</span><br /><span class="grk">αἱ</span> <span class="translit">(hai)</span><br /><span class="parse">Article - Nominative Feminine Plural<br /></span><span class="str"><a href="/greek/strongs_3588.htm">Strong's 3588: </a> </span><span class="str2">The, the definite article. Including the feminine he, and the neuter to in all their inflections; the definite article; the.</span><br /><br /><span class="word">churches</span><br /><span class="grk">ἐκκλησίαι</span> <span class="translit">(ekklēsiai)</span><br /><span class="parse">Noun - Nominative Feminine Plural<br /></span><span class="str"><a href="/greek/strongs_1577.htm">Strong's 1577: </a> </span><span class="str2">From a compound of ek and a derivative of kaleo; a calling out, i.e. a popular meeting, especially a religious congregation.</span><br /><br /><span class="word">of Christ</span><br /><span class="grk">Χριστοῦ</span> <span class="translit">(Christou)</span><br /><span class="parse">Noun - Genitive Masculine Singular<br /></span><span class="str"><a href="/greek/strongs_5547.htm">Strong's 5547: </a> </span><span class="str2">Anointed One; the Messiah, the Christ. From chrio; Anointed One, i.e. The Messiah, an epithet of Jesus.</span><br /><br /><span class="word">send you greetings.</span><br /><span class="grk">Ἀσπάζονται</span> <span class="translit">(Aspazontai)</span><br /><span class="parse">Verb - Present Indicative Middle or Passive - 3rd Person Plural<br /></span><span class="str"><a href="/greek/strongs_782.htm">Strong's 782: </a> </span><span class="str2">To greet, salute, pay my respects to, welcome. To enfold in the arms, i.e. to salute, to welcome.</span><br /><span class="p"><br /><br /></span><div class="vheading">Links</div><a href="/niv/romans/16-16.htm">Romans 16:16 NIV</a><br /><a href="/nlt/romans/16-16.htm">Romans 16:16 NLT</a><br /><a href="/esv/romans/16-16.htm">Romans 16:16 ESV</a><br /><a href="/nasb/romans/16-16.htm">Romans 16:16 NASB</a><br /><a href="/kjv/romans/16-16.htm">Romans 16:16 KJV</a><span class="p"><br /><br /></span><a href="//bibleapps.com/romans/16-16.htm">Romans 16:16 BibleApps.com</a><br /><a href="//bibliaparalela.com/romans/16-16.htm">Romans 16:16 Biblia Paralela</a><br /><a href="//holybible.com.cn/romans/16-16.htm">Romans 16:16 Chinese Bible</a><br /><a href="//saintebible.com/romans/16-16.htm">Romans 16:16 French Bible</a><br /><a href="/catholic/romans/16-16.htm">Romans 16:16 Catholic Bible</a><span class="p"><br /><br /></span><a href="/romans/16-16.htm">NT Letters: Romans 16:16 Greet one another with a holy kiss (Rom. 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