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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Christian Estrosi</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 18 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-18" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">18 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A5%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A" title="كريستيان إستروسي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="كريستيان إستروسي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_Estrosi" title="Christian Estrosi – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Christian Estrosi" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_Estrosi" title="Christian Estrosi – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Christian Estrosi" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_Estrosi" title="Christian Estrosi – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Christian Estrosi" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_Estrosi" title="Christian Estrosi – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Christian Estrosi" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_Estrosi" title="Christian Estrosi – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Christian Estrosi" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_Estrosi" title="Christian Estrosi – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Christian Estrosi" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%81%AC%EB%A6%AC%EC%8A%A4%ED%8B%B0%EC%95%99_%EC%97%90%EC%8A%A4%ED%8A%B8%EB%A1%9C%EC%A7%80" title="크리스티앙 에스트로지 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="크리스티앙 에스트로지" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_Estrosi" title="Christian Estrosi – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Christian Estrosi" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christianus_Estrosi" title="Christianus Estrosi – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Christianus Estrosi" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%89" title="كريستيان استروسى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="كريستيان استروسى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_Estrosi" title="Christian Estrosi – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Christian Estrosi" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AF%E3%83%AA%E3%82%B9%E3%83%81%E3%83%A3%E3%83%B3%E3%83%BB%E3%82%A8%E3%82%B9%E3%83%88%E3%83%AD%E3%82%B8" title="クリスチャン・エストロジ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="クリスチャン・エストロジ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cristian_Estrosi" title="Cristian Estrosi – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Cristian Estrosi" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_Estrosi" title="Christian Estrosi – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Christian Estrosi" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B8,_%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Эстрози, Кристиан – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Эстрози, Кристиан" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_Estrosi" title="Christian Estrosi – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Christian Estrosi" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_Estrosi" title="Christian Estrosi – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Christian Estrosi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q749029#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Christian_Estrosi" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li 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data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">French sportsman and politician</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Christian Estrosi</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Christian_Estrosi_-_2017_(24778920307)_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Christian_Estrosi_-_2017_%2824778920307%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Christian_Estrosi_-_2017_%2824778920307%29_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="305" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Christian_Estrosi_-_2017_%2824778920307%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Christian_Estrosi_-_2017_%2824778920307%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Christian_Estrosi_-_2017_%2824778920307%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Christian_Estrosi_-_2017_%2824778920307%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1286" data-file-height="1780" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Mayor_(France)" title="Mayor (France)">Mayor</a> of <a href="/wiki/Nice" title="Nice">Nice</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><div class="skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="width:100%; margin:0; color: black; background-color: lavender"><b><a href="/wiki/Incumbent" title="Incumbent">Incumbent</a></b></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>Assumed office</b></span> <br />15 May 2017</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Philippe_Pradal" title="Philippe Pradal">Philippe Pradal</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />21 March 2008 – 13 June 2016</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Peyrat" title="Jacques Peyrat">Jacques Peyrat</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Philippe_Pradal" title="Philippe Pradal">Philippe Pradal</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Regional_Council_(France)" title="President of the Regional Council (France)">President</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Regional_Council_of_Provence-Alpes-C%C3%B4te_d%27Azur" title="Regional Council of Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur">Regional Council<br />of Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />18 December 2015 – 8 May 2017</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Michel_Vauzelle" title="Michel Vauzelle">Michel Vauzelle</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Renaud_Muselier" title="Renaud Muselier">Renaud Muselier</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_the_Economy,_Finances_and_Industry_(France)" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister of the Economy, Finances and Industry (France)">Deputy Minister of Industry</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />23 June 2009 – 13 November 2010</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Prime Minister</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Fillon" title="François Fillon">François Fillon</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><i>Office created</i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/%C3%89ric_Besson" title="Éric Besson">Éric Besson</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State" class="mw-redirect" title="Secretary of State">Secretary of State</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Overseas_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Overseas France">Overseas</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />19 June 2007 – 17 March 2008</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Prime Minister</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Fillon" title="François Fillon">François Fillon</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Herv%C3%A9_Mariton" title="Hervé Mariton">Hervé Mariton</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Yves_J%C3%A9go" title="Yves Jégo">Yves Jégo</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Territorial_Development_(France)" title="Minister of Territorial Development (France)">Deputy Minister of Spatial Planning</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />2 June 2005 – 15 May 2007</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Prime Minister</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Dominique_de_Villepin" title="Dominique de Villepin">Dominique de Villepin</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_de_Saint-Sernin" title="Frédéric de Saint-Sernin">Frédéric de Saint-Sernin</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Hubert_Falco" title="Hubert Falco">Hubert Falco</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_departmental_councils_(France)" title="List of presidents of departmental councils (France)">President of the General Council</a><br />of <a href="/wiki/Alpes-Maritimes" title="Alpes-Maritimes">Alpes-Maritimes</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />18 September 2003 – 14 December 2008</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Ange_Gin%C3%A9sy" title="Charles Ange Ginésy">Charles Ange Ginésy</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/%C3%89ric_Ciotti" title="Éric Ciotti">Éric Ciotti</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Christian Paul Gilbert Estrosi</div><br /><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday">1955-07-01</span>) </span>1 July 1955<span class="noprint ForceAgeToShow"> (age 69)</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Nice" title="Nice">Nice</a>, <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Horizons_(political_party)" title="Horizons (political party)">Horizons</a> (2021–present)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Other political<br />affiliations</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Rally_for_the_Republic" title="Rally for the Republic">Rally for the Republic</a> (1988–2002)<br /><a href="/wiki/Union_for_a_Popular_Movement" title="Union for a Popular Movement">Union for a Popular Movement</a> (2002–2015)<br /><a href="/wiki/The_Republicans_(France)" title="The Republicans (France)">The Republicans</a> (2015–2021)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse(s)</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Dominique_Estrosi_Sassone" title="Dominique Estrosi Sassone">Dominique Estrosi Sassone</a> (1995–2016)<br />Laura Tenoudji (2016–present)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">3</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Profession</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Motorcycling" title="Motorcycling">Motorcyclist</a>, <a href="/wiki/Politician" title="Politician">politician</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Signature</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Signature_de_Christian_Estrosi.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Christian Estrosi's signature"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Signature_de_Christian_Estrosi.png/128px-Signature_de_Christian_Estrosi.png" decoding="async" width="128" height="48" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Signature_de_Christian_Estrosi.png/192px-Signature_de_Christian_Estrosi.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0d/Signature_de_Christian_Estrosi.png 2x" data-file-width="194" data-file-height="73" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox vcard" style="width: 24em; text-align: left"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn" style="text-align: center; font-size: larger; background-color:#e2f0e8; color:#4b4b4b;">Christian Estrosi</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Nationality</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">French</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><table class="mw-collapsible" style="text-align: left; width: 100%; background: transparent;"> <tbody><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align: center; color:#4b4b4b; background:#e2f0e8;" class="fn">Motorcycle racing career statistics</th> </tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align: center; color:#4b4b4b; background:#E2F0E8;" class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Grand_Prix_motorcycle_racing" title="Grand Prix motorcycle racing">Grand Prix motorcycle racing</a></th></tr><tr><th style="text-align: left;">Active years</th><td><a href="/wiki/1976_Grand_Prix_motorcycle_racing_season" title="1976 Grand Prix motorcycle racing season">1976</a>–<a href="/wiki/1983_Grand_Prix_motorcycle_racing_season" title="1983 Grand Prix motorcycle racing season">1983</a></td> </tr><tr><th style="text-align: left;">First race</th><td><a href="/wiki/1976_Grand_Prix_motorcycle_racing_season" title="1976 Grand Prix motorcycle racing season">1976</a> 500cc <a href="/wiki/Finnish_motorcycle_Grand_Prix" title="Finnish motorcycle Grand Prix">Finnish Grand Prix</a></td></tr><tr><th style="text-align: left;">Last race</th><td><a href="/wiki/1983_Grand_Prix_motorcycle_racing_season" title="1983 Grand Prix motorcycle racing season">1983</a> 250cc <a href="/wiki/Swedish_motorcycle_Grand_Prix" title="Swedish motorcycle Grand Prix">Swedish Grand Prix</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; padding: 0px"><table style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; width: 100%; background: transparent;"><tbody><tr> <th style="width: 16%;text-align:center">Starts</th> <th style="width: 16%;text-align:center">Wins</th> <th style="width: 16%;text-align:center">Podiums</th> <th style="width: 16%;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Pole_position" title="Pole position">Poles</a></th> <th style="width: 16%;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Fastest_lap" title="Fastest lap">F. laps</a></th> <th style="width: 16%;text-align:center">Points</th> </tr><tr> <td style="text-align:center">31</td> <td style="text-align:center">0</td> <td style="text-align:center">0</td> <td style="text-align:center">1</td> <td style="text-align:center">0</td> <td style="text-align:center"></td> </tr></tbody></table></td></tr> </tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Christian Paul Gilbert Estrosi</b> (born 1 July 1955) is a French sportsman and politician and the <a href="/wiki/Mayor_(France)" title="Mayor (France)">Mayor</a> of <a href="/wiki/Nice" title="Nice">Nice</a> since 2017, previously holding the office from 2008 to 2016. A former professional motorcyclist, he served as a government minister under Presidents <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Chirac" title="Jacques Chirac">Jacques Chirac</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Sarkozy" title="Nicolas Sarkozy">Nicolas Sarkozy</a>. Estrosi also served as President of the <a href="/wiki/Regional_Council_of_Provence-Alpes-C%C3%B4te_d%27Azur" title="Regional Council of Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur">Regional Council of Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</a> from 2015 to 2017 and First Deputy Mayor of <a href="/wiki/Nice" title="Nice">Nice</a> from 2016 until 2017. He is a former member of <a href="/wiki/The_Republicans_(France)" title="The Republicans (France)">The Republicans</a>, which he left in 2021 to join <a href="/wiki/Horizons_(political_party)" title="Horizons (political party)">Horizons</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_Estrosi&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Estrosi was born on 1 July 1955 in Nice.<sup id="cite_ref-official_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-official-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-assembly_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-assembly-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His grandparents were immigrants from <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-official_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-official-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Motorcycle_racing">Motorcycle racing</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_Estrosi&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Motorcycle racing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Christian_Estrosi_motard.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Image of a sports card for Christian Entrosi, Panini Moto Sport 1979, #35" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Christian_Estrosi_motard.jpg/220px-Christian_Estrosi_motard.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="276" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Christian_Estrosi_motard.jpg/330px-Christian_Estrosi_motard.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1e/Christian_Estrosi_motard.jpg 2x" data-file-width="415" data-file-height="520" /></a><figcaption>Christian Entrosi, Panini Moto Sport 1979, #35</figcaption></figure> <p>Estrosi was a professional <a href="/wiki/Motorcycle_racing" title="Motorcycle racing">motorcycle racer</a> and competed at the world championship level in <a href="/wiki/Grand_Prix_motorcycle_racing" title="Grand Prix motorcycle racing">Grand Prix motorcycle racing</a> from <a href="/wiki/1976_Grand_Prix_motorcycle_racing_season" title="1976 Grand Prix motorcycle racing season">1976</a> to <a href="/wiki/1983_Grand_Prix_motorcycle_racing_season" title="1983 Grand Prix motorcycle racing season">1983</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Rider_Statistics_-_Christian_Estrosi_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rider_Statistics_-_Christian_Estrosi-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He won the French round of the <a href="/wiki/1976_Formula_750_season" title="1976 Formula 750 season">1976 Formula 750 season</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Circuit_Paul_Armagnac" title="Circuit Paul Armagnac">Circuit Paul Armagnac</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also had a fourth-place finish in the <a href="/wiki/1978_French_motorcycle_Grand_Prix" title="1978 French motorcycle Grand Prix">1978 500cc French Grand Prix</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Rider_Statistics_-_Christian_Estrosi_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rider_Statistics_-_Christian_Estrosi-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He repeated this result in <a href="/wiki/1979_Grand_Prix_motorcycle_racing_season" title="1979 Grand Prix motorcycle racing season">1979</a> with a fourth place at the <a href="/wiki/1979_Spanish_motorcycle_Grand_Prix" title="1979 Spanish motorcycle Grand Prix">1979 250cc Spanish Grand Prix</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Rider_Statistics_-_Christian_Estrosi_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rider_Statistics_-_Christian_Estrosi-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He received the Youth and Sports gold medal. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Political_career">Political career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_Estrosi&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Political career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_beginnings">Early beginnings</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_Estrosi&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Early beginnings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Estrosi was a member of the <a href="/wiki/Municipal_council_(France)" title="Municipal council (France)">municipal council</a> of Nice from 1983 to 1990, when he resigned.<sup id="cite_ref-official_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-official-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Career_in_national_politics">Career in national politics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_Estrosi&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Career in national politics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Estrosi served as a member of the <a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(France)" title="National Assembly (France)">National Assembly of France</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Alpes-Maritimes%27s_5th_constituency" title="Alpes-Maritimes's 5th constituency">5th constituency</a> of <a href="/wiki/Alpes-Maritimes" title="Alpes-Maritimes">Alpes-Maritimes</a> from <a href="/wiki/1988_French_legislative_election" title="1988 French legislative election">1988</a> to <a href="/wiki/1993_French_legislative_election" title="1993 French legislative election">1993</a>, then from <a href="/wiki/1997_French_legislative_election" title="1997 French legislative election">1997</a> to 2005, from 2008 to 2009, then from 2010 to 2016.<sup id="cite_ref-official_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-official-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1993, he briefly served as the MP for the department's <a href="/wiki/Alpes-Maritimes%27s_2nd_constituency" title="Alpes-Maritimes's 2nd constituency">2nd constituency</a> but his election was ruled invalid. In Parliament, he served on the Committee on Cultural Affairs (1998–1993, 1996–2002), the Committee on Finance (2012–2016) and the Committee on Legal Affairs (2002–2005, 2008–2012).<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In addition, Estrosi held several ministerial positions in the national government in Paris.<sup id="cite_ref-official_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-official-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was appointed on 2 June 2005 as Deputy Minister of Spatial Planning in the government of <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_France" title="Prime Minister of France">Prime Minister</a> <a href="/wiki/Dominique_de_Villepin" title="Dominique de Villepin">Dominique de Villepin</a>, serving under <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_the_Interior_(France)" title="Minister of the Interior (France)">Minister of the Interior</a> <a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Sarkozy" title="Nicolas Sarkozy">Nicolas Sarkozy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-official_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-official-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was then appointed on 19 June 2007 as Secretary of State for the Overseas French territories (DOM-TOM), this time serving under <a href="/wiki/Mich%C3%A8le_Alliot-Marie" title="Michèle Alliot-Marie">Michèle Alliot-Marie</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-official_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-official-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From 2009 to 2010, he served as Deputy Minister of Industry.<sup id="cite_ref-official_1-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-official-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During his time in office, he was widely seen as a close ally of Sarkozy.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Career_in_municipal_politics">Career in municipal politics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_Estrosi&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Career in municipal politics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Estrosi was a regional councillor of <a href="/wiki/Provence-Alpes-C%C3%B4te_d%27Azur" title="Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</a> from 1992 to 2002 and served as a regional council vice president from 1992 to 1998 under the presidency of <a href="/wiki/Jean-Claude_Gaudin" title="Jean-Claude Gaudin">Jean-Claude Gaudin</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-official_1-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-official-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He later served as one of the vice presidents of the General Council of <a href="/wiki/Alpes-Maritimes" title="Alpes-Maritimes">Alpes-Maritimes</a> from 2001 to 2003 and as its president from 2003 to 2008.<sup id="cite_ref-official_1-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-official-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was first elected a general councillor in the <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Nice-8" title="Canton of Nice-8">canton of Nice-8</a> in 1985. </p><p>Estrosi was reelected to the municipal council of Nice in the <a href="/wiki/2008_French_municipal_elections" title="2008 French municipal elections">2008 election</a>, when he was also elected <a href="/wiki/Mayor_(France)" title="Mayor (France)">Mayor</a> of Nice.<sup id="cite_ref-official_1-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-official-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition, he has served as president of the <a href="/wiki/Urban_community_of_Nice_C%C3%B4te_d%27Azur" title="Urban community of Nice Côte d'Azur">Urban community of Nice Côte d'Azur</a> from 2008 and president of <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9tropole_Nice_C%C3%B4te_d%27Azur" title="Métropole Nice Côte d'Azur">Métropole Nice Côte d'Azur</a> since 2012. In 2013, he rejected a plan to build a mosque funded by a businessman from Saudi Arabia in Nice.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As part of a reorganization of the <a href="/wiki/Union_for_a_Popular_Movement" title="Union for a Popular Movement">Union for a Popular Movement</a> (later <a href="/wiki/The_Republicans_(France)" title="The Republicans (France)">Republicans</a>) leadership under their chairman <a href="/wiki/Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_Cop%C3%A9" title="Jean-François Copé">Jean-François Copé</a> in January 2013, Estrosi became – alongside <a href="/wiki/Henri_de_Raincourt" title="Henri de Raincourt">Henri de Raincourt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jean-Claude_Gaudin" title="Jean-Claude Gaudin">Jean-Claude Gaudin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brice_Hortefeux" title="Brice Hortefeux">Brice Hortefeux</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roger_Karoutchi" title="Roger Karoutchi">Roger Karoutchi</a> and <a href="/wiki/G%C3%A9rard_Longuet" title="Gérard Longuet">Gérard Longuet</a> – one of the party's six vice-presidents.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ahead of the UMP's leadership election in 2014, he led a group supporting <a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Sarkozy" title="Nicolas Sarkozy">Nicolas Sarkozy</a> as the party's leader.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/2016_The_Republicans_(France)_presidential_primary" title="2016 The Republicans (France) presidential primary">The Republicans' 2016 primary</a>, Estrosi also endorsed Sarkozy as the party's candidate for the <a href="/wiki/2017_French_presidential_election" title="2017 French presidential election">2017 presidential election</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ten months ahead of the election, he and other local conservatives aggressively criticised <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_(France)" title="Socialist Party (France)">Socialist</a> <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_the_Interior_(France)" title="Minister of the Interior (France)">Minister of the Interior</a> <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Cazeneuve" title="Bernard Cazeneuve">Bernard Cazeneuve</a> for the lack of strength of the <a href="/wiki/National_Police_(France)" title="National Police (France)">National Police</a> force presence on the night the <a href="/wiki/2016_Nice_truck_attack" title="2016 Nice truck attack">2016 Nice truck attack</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Amid the <a href="/wiki/Fillon_affair" title="Fillon affair">Fillon affair</a>, in March 2017, Estrosi joined <a href="/wiki/Xavier_Bertrand" title="Xavier Bertrand">Xavier Bertrand</a>, <a href="/wiki/Val%C3%A9rie_P%C3%A9cresse" title="Valérie Pécresse">Valérie Pécresse</a> and others in calling for <a href="/wiki/Alain_Jupp%C3%A9" title="Alain Juppé">Alain Juppé</a> to replace <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Fillon" title="François Fillon">François Fillon</a> as the party's candidate.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Also, he met with <a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_Macron" title="Emmanuel Macron">Emmanuel Macron</a> during his campaign.<sup id="cite_ref-reuters.com_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-reuters.com-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 8 May 2017, the day after the second round of the <a href="/wiki/2017_French_presidential_election" title="2017 French presidential election">presidential election</a>, Estrosi announced his resignation from the presidency of the Regional Council of Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur to become Mayor of Nice again, succeeding his former first deputy, <a href="/wiki/Philippe_Pradal" title="Philippe Pradal">Philippe Pradal</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Estrosi is still managing the region as one of Regional Council President <a href="/wiki/Renaud_Muselier" title="Renaud Muselier">Renaud Muselier</a>'s vice presidents. </p><p>Overseeing the local authorities' response to the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_France" title="COVID-19 pandemic in France">COVID-19 pandemic in France</a>, Estrosi called in early 2021 for a weekend lockdown in the area to reduce the flow of tourists; at the time, Nice had a level of COVID-19 infections triple the national rate.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2021, Estrosi left <a href="/wiki/The_Republicans_(France)" title="The Republicans (France)">The Republicans</a> to join <a href="/wiki/%C3%89douard_Philippe" title="Édouard Philippe">Édouard Philippe</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Horizons_(political_party)" title="Horizons (political party)">Horizons</a> party, after <a href="/wiki/Toulon" title="Toulon">Toulon</a> Mayor <a href="/wiki/Hubert_Falco" title="Hubert Falco">Hubert Falco</a>. Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur Regional Council President <a href="/wiki/Renaud_Muselier" title="Renaud Muselier">Renaud Muselier</a> also left The Republicans that year, marking a loss of elected officials in the area for the party. <i><a href="/wiki/L%27Obs" class="mw-redirect" title="L'Obs">L'Obs</a></i> nicknamed the three politicians the "infernal trio of the Provençal right".<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_activities">Other activities</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_Estrosi&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Other activities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chor%C3%A9gies_d%27Orange" title="Chorégies d'Orange">Chorégies d'Orange</a>, Member of the Board of Directors<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Political_positions">Political positions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_Estrosi&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Political positions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Estrosi was among conservative politicians in France who backed calls for a ban on the body-covering <a href="/wiki/Burkini" title="Burkini">burkini</a> swimsuit that some Muslim women wear on the beach, which was later invalidated by French courts.<sup id="cite_ref-reuters.com_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-reuters.com-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2016, he threatened to sue people who distributed photographs of an incident in which Nice police ordered a Muslim woman to remove her burkini, saying that circulating the photographs would "provoke defamatory remarks and threats against police agents".<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2017, Estrosi distanced himself from his earlier decision to vote in favour of an unsuccessful 1988 bill on the reinstatement of the <a href="/wiki/Death_penalty" class="mw-redirect" title="Death penalty">death penalty</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Recognition">Recognition</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_Estrosi&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Recognition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Estrosi is the recipient of a Doctorate Honoris Causa from the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Haifa" title="University of Haifa">University of Haifa</a> in Israel. He is a Knight of the <a href="/wiki/Legion_of_Honour" title="Legion of Honour">Legion of Honour</a> from the French Republic, an Officer of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Merit_of_the_Republic_of_Poland" title="Order of Merit of the Republic of Poland">Order of Merit of the Republic of Poland</a>, and a Commander of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Saint-Charles" class="mw-redirect" title="Order of Saint-Charles">Order of Saint-Charles</a> from <a href="/wiki/Monaco" title="Monaco">Monaco</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Controversy">Controversy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_Estrosi&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Controversy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2017, Estrosi filed a <a href="/wiki/Defamation" title="Defamation">defamation</a> suit against <a href="/wiki/Marine_Le_Pen" title="Marine Le Pen">Marine Le Pen</a> for accusing him of being in league with Islamist militants; as a consequence, the European Parliament lifted Le Pen's <a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_immunity" title="Parliamentary immunity">immunity from prosecution</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_Estrosi&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Personal life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Estrosi was married to <a href="/wiki/Dominique_Estrosi_Sassone" title="Dominique Estrosi Sassone">Dominique Sassone</a>, daughter of Jean Sassone (1931–2006), who served as Deputy Mayor of Nice from 1977 to 1998.<sup id="cite_ref-dominique_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dominique-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-liberation_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-liberation-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Early on during the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_France" title="COVID-19 pandemic in France">COVID-19 pandemic in France</a>, Estrosi tested positive for the <a href="/wiki/Severe_acute_respiratory_syndrome_coronavirus_2" class="mw-redirect" title="Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2">SARS-CoV-2</a> virus.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_Estrosi&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-official-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-official_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-official_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-official_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-official_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-official_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-official_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-official_1-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-official_1-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-official_1-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-official_1-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-official_1-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130815050552/http://www.christian-estrosi.com/mon-parcours">"Official website biography"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.christian-estrosi.com/mon-parcours">the original</a> on 2013-08-15<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-11-19</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Official+website+biography&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.christian-estrosi.com%2Fmon-parcours&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+Estrosi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-assembly-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-assembly_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.assemblee-nationale.fr/14/tribun/fiches_id/1263.asp">National Assembly webpage</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rider_Statistics_-_Christian_Estrosi-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Rider_Statistics_-_Christian_Estrosi_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rider_Statistics_-_Christian_Estrosi_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rider_Statistics_-_Christian_Estrosi_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151222232038/http://www.motogp.com/en/riders/Christian%20Estrosi">"Rider Statistics - Christian Estrosi"</a>. MotoGP.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.motogp.com/en/riders/Christian+Estrosi">the original</a> on 2015-12-22<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-12-19</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Rider+Statistics+-+Christian+Estrosi&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.motogp.com%2Fen%2Friders%2FChristian%2BEstrosi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+Estrosi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://racingmemo.free.fr/M%20FORMULE%20750/MOTO-FORMULE%20750%201976%20Res%20Comp.htm">"1976 Formula 750 final standings"</a>. Racingmemo.free.fr<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-03-19</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=1976+Formula+750+final+standings&rft.pub=Racingmemo.free.fr&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fracingmemo.free.fr%2FM%2520FORMULE%2520750%2FMOTO-FORMULE%2520750%25201976%2520Res%2520Comp.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+Estrosi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www2.assemblee-nationale.fr/deputes/fiche/OMC_PA1263">Christian Estrosi</a>, <a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(France)" title="National Assembly (France)">French National Assembly</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hugh Carnegy (29 February 2012), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ft.com/content/5972dd62-5c6e-11e1-911f-00144feabdc0">Politics: Sarkozy confident of support in the south</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Financial_Times" title="Financial Times">Financial Times</a></i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Paul Barelli, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lemonde.fr/societe/article/2013/10/10/mosquee-a-nice-l-equilibrisme-electoral-de-m-estrosi_3493863_3224.html">"Mosquée à Nice : l'équilibrisme électoral de M. Estrosi"</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Le_Monde" title="Le Monde">Le Monde</a></i> (in French), 10 October 2013.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Alexandre Lemarié, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ump.blog.lemonde.fr/2013/01/15/dati-ciotti-morano-lorganigramme-complet-de-la-direction-de-lump/">« Hortefeux, Ciotti, Morano… L’organigramme complet de la direction de l’UMP »</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/20130116142105/http://ump.blog.lemonde.fr/2013/01/15/dati-ciotti-morano-lorganigramme-complet-de-la-direction-de-lump/">Archived</a> 16 January 2013 at Wikiwix, <a href="/wiki/Le_Monde" title="Le Monde">lemonde.fr</a>, 15 January 2013</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Nicholas Vinocur and Emmanuel Jarry (4 June 2014), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSKBN0EF1WI20140604">Sarkozy allies urge him to return, lead divided opposition</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a></i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Tristan Quinault-Maupoil (21 August 2016), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lefigaro.fr/politique/le-scan/coulisses/2016/08/21/25006-20160821ARTFIG00059-primaire-a-droite-christian-estrosi-rallie-nicolas-sarkozy.php">Primaire à droite : Christian Estrosi rallie Nicolas Sarkozy</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Le_Figaro" title="Le Figaro">Le Figaro</a></i> (in French).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sophie Louet and Richard Lough (25 July 2016), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSKCN10515Q">French government raps conservative opponents over Nice security row</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a></i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">John Irish (5 March 2017), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSKBN16C0JC">French conservative party heavyweights to push for Fillon alternative, says senior politician</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a></i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">John Irish and Andrew Callus (5 March 2017), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSKBN16C0G5">French conservatives in disarray as Fillon clings on</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a></i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-reuters.com-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-reuters.com_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-reuters.com_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Marc Leras and Dominique Vidalon (1 April 2017), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSKBN1733FD">Macron throws electoral net wide, meeting Sarkozy's man in the south</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a></i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lemonde.fr/politique/article/2017/05/08/christian-estrosi-annonce-qu-il-demissionne-de-la-presidence-de-la-region-paca-pour-redevenir-maire-de-nice_5124485_823448.html">"Christian Estrosi annonce sa démission de la présidence de la région PACA pour redevenir maire de Nice"</a>. Agence France-Presse. 8 May 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 May</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Christian+Estrosi+annonce+sa+d%C3%A9mission+de+la+pr%C3%A9sidence+de+la+r%C3%A9gion+PACA+pour+redevenir+maire+de+Nice&rft.date=2017-05-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lemonde.fr%2Fpolitique%2Farticle%2F2017%2F05%2F08%2Fchristian-estrosi-annonce-qu-il-demissionne-de-la-presidence-de-la-region-paca-pour-redevenir-maire-de-nice_5124485_823448.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+Estrosi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Geert De Clercq (21 February 2021), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-france/french-city-of-nice-asks-tourists-to-stay-away-amid-covid-surge-idUSKBN2AL061?il=0">French city of Nice asks tourists to stay away amid COVID surge</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a></i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nouvelobs.com/elections-regionales-2021/20210513.OBS43974/muselier-falco-estrosi-le-trio-infernal-de-la-droite-provencale.html">"Muselier, Falco, Estrosi : le trio infernal de la droite provençale"</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/L%27Obs" class="mw-redirect" title="L'Obs">L'Obs</a></i> (in French), 13 May 2021.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.choregies.fr/conseil-d-administration.html">Board of Directors</a> <a href="/wiki/Chor%C3%A9gies_d%27Orange" title="Chorégies d'Orange">Chorégies d'Orange</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAmar_Toor2016" class="citation news cs1">Amar Toor (2016-08-25). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theverge.com/2016/8/25/12637964/france-burkini-ban-photo-nice-social-media">"French official threatens to sue social media users who share burkini photos"</a>. The Verge.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=French+official+threatens+to+sue+social+media+users+who+share+burkini+photos&rft.date=2016-08-25&rft.au=Amar+Toor&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theverge.com%2F2016%2F8%2F25%2F12637964%2Ffrance-burkini-ban-photo-nice-social-media&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+Estrosi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://twitter.com/JulesDrmnn/status/768455562073772032">Press release from Deputy Mayor of Nice, 24 August 2016</a>, <a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lepoint.fr/politique/peine-de-mort-christian-estrosi-se-deteste-01-12-2017-2176630_20.php">Peine de mort : Christian Estrosi se « déteste</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Le_Point" title="Le Point">Le Point</a></i> (in French), 1 December 2017.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gilbert Reilhac and Elizabeth Miles (June 15, 2017), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSKBN1961LN">EU parliament strips Le Pen of immunity in defamation case</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a></i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-dominique-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-dominique_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dominiqueestrosisassone.com/?page_id=6">Dominique Estrosi Sassone: Official biography</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150204191853/http://dominiqueestrosisassone.com/?page_id=6">Archived</a> 2015-02-04 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-liberation-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-liberation_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Olivier Bertrand, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.liberation.fr/politiques/2011/03/14/nice-l-ex-femme-d-estrosi-contre-l-ex-maire_721348">Nice : l’ex-femme d’Estrosi contre l’ex-maire</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Lib%C3%A9ration" title="Libération">Libération</a></i>, 14 March 2011.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Eric Gaillard and Sudip Kar-Gupta (20 March 2020), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSKBN2171BH">France's Nice city to close Promenade des Anglais over coronavirus</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a></i>.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output 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aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q749029#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q749029#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q749029#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000078323812">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/12377373">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1991226/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJbWtkHThJDMgGdTBmFYfq">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/141402946">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n93053047">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12319872d">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12319872d">BnF data</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www2.assemblee-nationale.fr/sycomore/fiche/(num_dept)/2858">Sycomore</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/032103913">IdRef</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p>· </p>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: 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