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class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Career in national politics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Career_in_national_politics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-President_of_the_Regional_Council_of_Île-de-France" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#President_of_the_Regional_Council_of_Île-de-France"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>President of the Regional Council of Île-de-France</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-President_of_the_Regional_Council_of_Île-de-France-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Candidacy_for_2022_presidential_election" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Candidacy_for_2022_presidential_election"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Candidacy for 2022 presidential election</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Candidacy_for_2022_presidential_election-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Political_positions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Political_positions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Political positions</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Political_positions-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Political positions subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Political_positions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Social_policy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Social_policy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Social policy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Social_policy-sublist" 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class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Valérie Pécresse</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 37 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-37" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">37 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%8A_%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B3" title="فاليري بيكريس – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="فاليري بيكريس" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valeri_Pekress" title="Valeri Pekress – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Valeri Pekress" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%8B_%D0%9F%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%80%D1%8D%D1%81" title="Валеры Пекрэс – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Валеры Пекрэс" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%8B_%D0%9F%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%80%D1%8D%D1%81" title="Валеры Пекрэс – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Валеры Пекрэс" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Val%C3%A9rie_P%C3%A9cresse" title="Valérie Pécresse – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Valérie Pécresse" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Val%C3%A9rie_P%C3%A9cresse" title="Valérie Pécresse – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Valérie Pécresse" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Val%C3%A9rie_P%C3%A9cresseov%C3%A1" title="Valérie Pécresseová – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Valérie Pécresseová" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Val%C3%A9rie_P%C3%A9cresse" title="Valérie Pécresse – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Valérie Pécresse" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Val%C3%A9rie_P%C3%A9cresse" title="Valérie Pécresse – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Valérie Pécresse" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Val%C3%A9rie_P%C3%A9cresse" title="Valérie Pécresse – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Valérie Pécresse" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Val%C3%A9rie_P%C3%A9cresse" title="Valérie Pécresse – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Valérie Pécresse" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Val%C3%A9rie_P%C3%A9cresse" title="Valérie Pécresse – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Valérie Pécresse" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D9%BE%DA%A9%D8%B1%D8%B3" title="والری پکرس – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="والری پکرس" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Val%C3%A9rie_P%C3%A9cresse" title="Valérie Pécresse – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Valérie Pécresse" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B0%9C%EB%A0%88%EB%A6%AC_%ED%8E%98%ED%81%AC%EB%A0%88%EC%8A%A4" title="발레리 페크레스 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="발레리 페크레스" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Val%C3%A9rie_P%C3%A9cresse" title="Valérie Pécresse – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Valérie Pécresse" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Val%C3%A9rie_P%C3%A9cresse" title="Valérie Pécresse – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Valérie Pécresse" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Val%C3%A9rie_P%C3%A9cresse" title="Valérie Pécresse – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Valérie Pécresse" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%95%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%A8%D7%99_%D7%A4%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%A1" title="ואלרי פקרס – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ואלרי פקרס" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A4%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%89_%D9%BE%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B3" title="ڤاليرى پيكريس – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ڤاليرى پيكريس" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Val%C3%A9rie_P%C3%A9cresse" title="Valérie Pécresse – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Valérie Pécresse" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Val%C3%A9rie_P%C3%A9cresse" title="Valérie Pécresse – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Valérie Pécresse" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%B4%E3%82%A1%E3%83%AC%E3%83%AA%E3%83%BC%E3%83%BB%E3%83%9A%E3%82%AF%E3%83%AC%E3%82%B9" title="ヴァレリー・ペクレス – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ヴァレリー・ペクレス" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Val%C3%A9rie_P%C3%A9cresse" title="Valérie Pécresse – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Valérie Pécresse" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Val%C3%A9rie_Ros_Pecressa" title="Valérie Ros Pecressa – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Valérie Ros Pecressa" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valeriya_Pecresse" title="Valeriya Pecresse – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Valeriya Pecresse" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Val%C3%A9rie_P%C3%A9cresse" title="Valérie Pécresse – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Valérie Pécresse" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Val%C3%A9rie_P%C3%A9cresse" title="Valérie Pécresse – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Valérie Pécresse" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Val%C3%A9rie_P%C3%A9cresse" title="Valérie Pécresse – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Valérie Pécresse" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%81,_%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Пекресс, Валери – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Пекресс, Валери" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Val%C3%A9rie_P%C3%A9cresse" title="Valérie Pécresse – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Valérie Pécresse" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%9F%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81" title="Валери Пекрес – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Валери Пекрес" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Val%C3%A9rie_P%C3%A9cresse" title="Valérie Pécresse – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Valérie Pécresse" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Val%C3%A9rie_P%C3%A9cresse" title="Valérie Pécresse – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Valérie Pécresse" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Val%C3%A9rie_P%C3%A9cresse" title="Valérie Pécresse – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Valérie Pécresse" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%96_%D0%9F%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%81" title="Валері Пекресс – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Валері Пекресс" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a 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//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Translation_to_english_arrow.svg/100px-Translation_to_english_arrow.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="20" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1214851843">.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{box-sizing:border-box;width:100%;padding:5px;border:none;font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .hidden-title{font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .hidden-content{text-align:left}@media all and (max-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{width:auto!important;clear:none!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="font-size:100%; padding: 0px;"><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="text-align:center; padding-right: 3em; font-weight: normal; text-align: left">You can help <b>expand this article with text translated from <a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Val%C3%A9rie_P%C3%A9cresse" class="extiw" title="fr:Valérie Pécresse">the corresponding article</a> in French</b>.  <i><small>(April 2023)</small></i> <small>Click [show] for important translation instructions.</small></div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style=""> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/translate?&u=https%3A%2F%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FVal%C3%A9rie_P%C3%A9cresse&sl=fr&tl=en&prev=_t&hl=en">View</a> a machine-translated version of the French article.</li> <li>Machine translation, like <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://deepl.com">DeepL</a> or <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/">Google Translate</a>, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Wikipedia.</li> <li>Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.</li> <li>You <b>must</b> provide <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Copying_within_Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia:Copying within Wikipedia">copyright attribution</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Help:Edit_summary" title="Help:Edit summary">edit summary</a> accompanying your translation by providing an <a href="/wiki/Help:Interlanguage_links" title="Help:Interlanguage links">interlanguage link</a> to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is <code>Content in this edit is translated from the existing French Wikipedia article at [[:fr:Valérie Pécresse]]; see its history for attribution.</code></li> <li>You may also add the template <code>{{Translated|fr|Valérie Pécresse}}</code> to the <a href="/wiki/Talk:Val%C3%A9rie_P%C3%A9cresse" title="Talk:Valérie Pécresse">talk page</a>.</li> <li>For more guidance, see <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Translation" title="Wikipedia:Translation">Wikipedia:Translation</a>.</li></ul></div></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Valérie Pécresse</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Val%C3%A9rie_P%C3%A9cresse_(2022)_(cropped_2).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Val%C3%A9rie_P%C3%A9cresse_%282022%29_%28cropped_2%29.jpg/220px-Val%C3%A9rie_P%C3%A9cresse_%282022%29_%28cropped_2%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="291" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Val%C3%A9rie_P%C3%A9cresse_%282022%29_%28cropped_2%29.jpg/330px-Val%C3%A9rie_P%C3%A9cresse_%282022%29_%28cropped_2%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Val%C3%A9rie_P%C3%A9cresse_%282022%29_%28cropped_2%29.jpg/440px-Val%C3%A9rie_P%C3%A9cresse_%282022%29_%28cropped_2%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1511" data-file-height="1996" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-top:0.2em;">Pécresse in 2022</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Regional_Council_(France)" title="President of the Regional Council (France)">President</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Regional_Council_of_%C3%8Ele-de-France" title="Regional Council of Île-de-France">Regional Council<br />of Île-de-France</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><div class="skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="width:100%; margin:0; color: black; background-color: lavender"><b><a href="/wiki/Incumbent" title="Incumbent">Incumbent</a></b></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>Assumed office</b></span> <br />18 December 2015</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Jean-Paul_Huchon" title="Jean-Paul Huchon">Jean-Paul Huchon</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Budget_Ministers_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Budget Ministers of France">Minister of the Budget</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />29 June 2011 – 10 May 2012</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Prime Minister</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Fillon" title="François Fillon">François Fillon</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Baroin" title="François Baroin">François Baroin</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/J%C3%A9r%C3%B4me_Cahuzac" title="Jérôme Cahuzac">Jérôme Cahuzac</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_government_spokespeople_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="List of government spokespeople of France">Government Spokesperson</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />29 June 2011 – 15 May 2012</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Prime Minister</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Fillon" title="François Fillon">François Fillon</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Baroin" title="François Baroin">François Baroin</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Najat_Vallaud-Belkacem" title="Najat Vallaud-Belkacem">Najat Vallaud-Belkacem</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Higher_Education,_Research_and_Innovation_(France)" title="Minister of Higher Education, Research and Innovation (France)">Minister of Higher Education and Research</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />18 May 2007 – 29 June 2011</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Prime Minister</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Fillon" title="François Fillon">François Fillon</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Goulard" title="François Goulard">François Goulard</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Laurent_Wauquiez" title="Laurent Wauquiez">Laurent Wauquiez</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Member of the <a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(France)" title="National Assembly (France)">National Assembly</a><br />for <a href="/wiki/Yvelines" title="Yvelines">Yvelines</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Yvelines%27s_2nd_constituency" title="Yvelines's 2nd constituency">2nd</a> constituency</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />20 June 2012 – 20 January 2016</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Yves_Vandewalle" title="Yves Vandewalle">Yves Vandewalle</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Pascal_Th%C3%A9venot" title="Pascal Thévenot">Pascal Thévenot</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />19 June 2002 – 19 July 2007</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Franck_Borotra" title="Franck Borotra">Franck Borotra</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Yves_Vandewalle" title="Yves Vandewalle">Yves Vandewalle</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Member of the <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Regional_Council_of_%C3%8Ele-de-France" title="Regional Council of Île-de-France">Regional Council of Île-de-France</a></span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><div class="skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="width:100%; margin:0; color: black; background-color: lavender"><b><a href="/wiki/Incumbent" title="Incumbent">Incumbent</a></b></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>Assumed office</b></span> <br />2 April 2004</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">President</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Jean-Paul_Huchon" title="Jean-Paul Huchon">Jean-Paul Huchon</a><br /><i>Herself</i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Constituency</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Yvelines" title="Yvelines">Yvelines</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Valérie Anne Émilie Roux</div><br /><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday">1967-07-14</span>) </span>14 July 1967<span class="noprint ForceAgeToShow"> (age 57)</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Neuilly-sur-Seine" title="Neuilly-sur-Seine">Neuilly-sur-Seine</a>, France</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/The_Republicans_(France)" title="The Republicans (France)">LR</a> (2015–2019; since 2021)<br /><a href="/wiki/Soyons_libres" title="Soyons libres">SL</a> (since 2017)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Other political<br />affiliations</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Rally_for_the_Republic" title="Rally for the Republic">RPR</a> (until 2002)<br /><a href="/wiki/Union_for_a_Popular_Movement" title="Union for a Popular Movement">UMP</a> (2002–2015)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=J%C3%A9r%C3%B4me_P%C3%A9cresse&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jérôme Pécresse (page does not exist)">Jérôme Pécresse</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%A9r%C3%B4me_P%C3%A9cresse" class="extiw" title="fr:Jérôme Pécresse">fr</a>]</span></div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip" title="6 August 1994">1994</span>)<wbr /></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">3</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Parent</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dominique_Roux&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dominique Roux (page does not exist)">Dominique Roux</a> (father)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Relatives</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Louis_Bertagna&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Louis Bertagna (page does not exist)">Louis Bertagna</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Bertagna" class="extiw" title="fr:Louis Bertagna">fr</a>]</span> (maternal grandfather)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Education</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Lyc%C3%A9e_priv%C3%A9_Sainte-Genevi%C3%A8ve" title="Lycée privé Sainte-Geneviève">Lycée Sainte-Geneviève</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Alma_mater" title="Alma mater">Alma mater</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/HEC_Paris" title="HEC Paris">HEC Paris</a><br /><a href="/wiki/%C3%89cole_nationale_d%27administration" title="École nationale d'administration">École nationale d'administration</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Valérie Anne Émilie Pécresse</b> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">French pronunciation:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="fr-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/French" title="Help:IPA/French">[valeʁi<span class="wrap"> </span>pekʁɛs]</a></span> <span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/8\/87\/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Fabricio_Cardenas_%28Culex%29-Val%C3%A9rie_P%C3%A9cresse.wav\/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Fabricio_Cardenas_%28Culex%29-Val%C3%A9rie_P%C3%A9cresse.wav.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"LL-Q150 (fra)-Fabricio Cardenas (Culex)-Val\u00e9rie P\u00e9cresse.wav"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/87/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Fabricio_Cardenas_%28Culex%29-Val%C3%A9rie_P%C3%A9cresse.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Fabricio_Cardenas_%28Culex%29-Val%C3%A9rie_P%C3%A9cresse.wav.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:LL-Q150_(fra)-Fabricio_Cardenas_(Culex)-Val%C3%A9rie_P%C3%A9cresse.wav" title="File:LL-Q150 (fra)-Fabricio Cardenas (Culex)-Valérie Pécresse.wav">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span>; <a href="/wiki/Birth_name" title="Birth name">née</a> <b>Roux</b> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="fr-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/French" title="Help:IPA/French">[ʁu]</a></span> <span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-2" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/b\/b7\/Fr-roux.ogg\/Fr-roux.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Fr-roux.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b7/Fr-roux.ogg/Fr-roux.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Fr-roux.ogg" title="File:Fr-roux.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span>; 14 July 1967) is a French politician who has been the <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Regional_Council_(France)" title="President of the Regional Council (France)">President of the Regional Council</a> of <a href="/wiki/%C3%8Ele-de-France" title="Île-de-France">Île-de-France</a> since 2015. A member of <a href="/wiki/The_Republicans_(France)" title="The Republicans (France)">The Republicans</a>, she previously served as <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Higher_Education,_Research_and_Innovation_(France)" title="Minister of Higher Education, Research and Innovation (France)">Minister of Higher Education and Research</a> from 2007 to 2011 and <a href="/wiki/List_of_Budget_Ministers_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Budget Ministers of France">Minister of the Budget</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_government_spokespeople_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="List of government spokespeople of France">Government Spokeswoman</a> from 2011 to 2012 under Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Fillon" title="François Fillon">François Fillon</a>. Pécresse represented the <a href="/wiki/Yvelines%27s_2nd_constituency" title="Yvelines's 2nd constituency">2nd constituency</a> of <a href="/wiki/Yvelines" title="Yvelines">Yvelines</a> in the <a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(France)" title="National Assembly (France)">National Assembly</a> from 2002 to 2007 and again from 2012 until 2016. </p><p>Pécresse was voted as the Republicans' nominee for the <a href="/wiki/2022_French_presidential_election" title="2022 French presidential election">2022 French presidential election</a>, defeating <a href="/wiki/%C3%89ric_Ciotti" title="Éric Ciotti">Éric Ciotti</a> in the <a href="/wiki/2021_The_Republicans_congress" title="2021 The Republicans congress">party primary</a>. She came fifth in the election with 4.8% of the vote, the worst result in the history of her party or its <a href="/wiki/Gaullism" title="Gaullism">Gaullist</a> predecessors. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education_and_early_career">Education and early career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Val%C3%A9rie_P%C3%A9cresse&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Education and early career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Pécresse is the daughter of economist <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dominique_Roux&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dominique Roux (page does not exist)">Dominique Roux</a> who taught at <a href="/wiki/Paris_Dauphine_University" title="Paris Dauphine University">Université Paris Dauphine</a> and later served as CEO of French conglomerate <a href="/wiki/Bollor%C3%A9" title="Bolloré">Bolloré</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-auto1_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She has degrees from <a href="/wiki/HEC_Paris" title="HEC Paris">HEC Paris</a> and the <a href="/wiki/%C3%89cole_nationale_d%27administration" title="École nationale d'administration">École nationale d'administration</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She speaks French, English, Russian and Japanese.<sup id="cite_ref-auto1_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-auto2_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto2-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pécresse was an auditor of the <a href="/wiki/Conseil_d%27%C3%89tat_(France)" class="mw-redirect" title="Conseil d'État (France)">Conseil d'État</a> until 1998, when she was designated councillor to President <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Chirac" title="Jacques Chirac">Jacques Chirac</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-auto1_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-auto2_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto2-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Political_career">Political career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Val%C3%A9rie_P%C3%A9cresse&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Political career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Career_in_local_politics">Career in local politics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Val%C3%A9rie_P%C3%A9cresse&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Career in local politics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/2004_French_regional_elections" title="2004 French regional elections">2004</a>, she took office as a <a href="/wiki/Regional_council_(France)" title="Regional council (France)">regional councillor</a> of <a href="/wiki/%C3%8Ele-de-France" title="Île-de-France">Île-de-France</a>. She was also the spokeswoman of the <a href="/wiki/Union_for_a_Popular_Movement" title="Union for a Popular Movement">Union for a Popular Movement</a> party in <a href="/wiki/Yvelines" title="Yvelines">Yvelines</a>. In <a href="/wiki/2020_French_municipal_elections" title="2020 French municipal elections">2020</a>, she took office as a <a href="/wiki/Municipal_council_(France)" title="Municipal council (France)">municipal councillor</a> of <a href="/wiki/V%C3%A9lizy-Villacoublay" title="Vélizy-Villacoublay">Vélizy-Villacoublay</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Career_in_national_politics">Career in national politics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Val%C3%A9rie_P%C3%A9cresse&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Career in national politics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In addition to her activities in regional politics, Pécresse served as a member of the <a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(France)" title="National Assembly (France)">National Assembly of France</a> from 2002 until 2007, representing the <a href="/wiki/Yvelines" title="Yvelines">Yvelines</a> <a href="/wiki/Departments_of_France" title="Departments of France">department</a> (2nd constituency).<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In parliament, she was a member of the Committee on Constitutional Affairs (2002–2005) and the Committee on Cultural Affairs (2005–2007).<sup id="cite_ref-auto_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2004, she became the spokeswoman for <a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Sarkozy" title="Nicolas Sarkozy">Nicolas Sarkozy</a>, who was then leader of the UMP.<sup id="cite_ref-auto1_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From 2007 until 2011, Pécresse served as Minister of Higher Education and Research in the cabinet of Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Fillon" title="François Fillon">François Fillon</a>. During her time in office, she launched many reforms to give universities a greater degree of autonomy over their resources and open the way for more private sector financing. The reforms caused a <a href="/wiki/2007%E2%80%932009_university_protests_in_France" title="2007–2009 university protests in France">wave of strikes</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2009, the <a href="/wiki/Acad%C3%A9mie_de_la_Carpette_anglaise" title="Académie de la Carpette anglaise">Académie de la Carpette anglaise</a>, an organisation that opposes the spread of the English language in Francophone countries, gave Pécresse the Prix de la Carpette Anglaise (lit: "English Doormat Prize") for having refused to speak French at international meetings in <a href="/wiki/Brussels" title="Brussels">Brussels</a>, Belgium; Pécresse had stated that English was the easiest means of communication.<sup id="cite_ref-carpette_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-carpette-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the same time, Pécresse was described by the <i><a href="/wiki/Financial_Times" title="Financial Times">Financial Times</a></i> as one of the most successful of Sarkozy's ministers and considered as a candidate to succeed <a href="/wiki/Christine_Lagarde" title="Christine Lagarde">Christine Lagarde</a> as <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_the_Economy_and_Finance_(France)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of the Economy and Finance (France)">Minister of the Economy and Finance</a> in 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>From 2011 until 2012, Pécresse served as the government's spokeswoman and as Minister of Budget, Public Accounts and State Reform in Fillon's <a href="/wiki/Third_Fillon_government" title="Third Fillon government">third cabinet</a>, succeeding <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Baroin" title="François Baroin">François Baroin</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In this capacity, she opposed increases in the <a href="/wiki/Budget_of_the_European_Union" title="Budget of the European Union">EU budget</a> for 2013.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the 2011 local elections, she notably went against official <a href="/wiki/Party_line_(politics)" title="Party line (politics)">party line</a>, led by then UMP leader <a href="/wiki/Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_Cop%C3%A9" title="Jean-François Copé">Jean-François Copé</a>, not to direct the party's supporters how to vote; instead, she said she would rather vote for the <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_(France)" title="Socialist Party (France)">Socialist Party</a> (PS) in the case of a runoff against the <a href="/wiki/National_Rally" title="National Rally">National Front</a> (FN).<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the defeat of <a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Sarkozy" title="Nicolas Sarkozy">Nicolas Sarkozy</a> in the <a href="/wiki/2012_French_presidential_election" title="2012 French presidential election">2012 French presidential election</a>, Pécresse remained a key member of the <a href="/wiki/Union_for_a_Popular_Movement" title="Union for a Popular Movement">Union for a Popular Movement</a> (UMP) and its successor, the Republicans (LR). She returned to the National Assembly, where she served on the Finance Committee from 2012 until 2016.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In September 2014, she joined Fillon, <a href="/wiki/%C3%89tienne_Blanc" title="Étienne Blanc">Étienne Blanc</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C3%89ric_Ciotti" title="Éric Ciotti">Éric Ciotti</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Lellouche" title="Pierre Lellouche">Pierre Lellouche</a> on an official trip to <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="President_of_the_Regional_Council_of_Île-de-France"><span id="President_of_the_Regional_Council_of_.C3.8Ele-de-France"></span>President of the Regional Council of Île-de-France</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Val%C3%A9rie_P%C3%A9cresse&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: President of the Regional Council of Île-de-France"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Val%C3%A9rie_Pecresse_C%C3%A9sar_2016_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Val%C3%A9rie_Pecresse_C%C3%A9sar_2016_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Val%C3%A9rie_Pecresse_C%C3%A9sar_2016_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="320" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/89/Val%C3%A9rie_Pecresse_C%C3%A9sar_2016_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="318" data-file-height="463" /></a><figcaption>Valérie Pécresse at the <a href="/wiki/41st_C%C3%A9sar_Awards" title="41st César Awards">41st César Awards</a> in 2016</figcaption></figure> <p>In December 2015, Pécresse led a list of candidates of the Union of the Right, a coalition of centrist and right-wing parties, which narrowly won the <a href="/wiki/%C3%8Ele-de-France" title="Île-de-France">Île-de-France</a> <a href="/wiki/2015_French_regional_elections" title="2015 French regional elections">regional election</a>, defeating the Union of the Left, a coalition of socialists and ecologists. She became the first woman to hold the office of president of the Regional Council of Île-de-France.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> In the party's <a href="/wiki/2016_The_Republicans_(France)_presidential_primary" title="2016 The Republicans (France) presidential primary">2016 presidential primaries</a> Pécresse endorsed former prime minister <a href="/wiki/Alain_Jupp%C3%A9" title="Alain Juppé">Alain Juppé</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Amid the <a href="/wiki/Fillon_affair" title="Fillon affair">Fillon affair</a>, in March 2017, she joined <a href="/wiki/Xavier_Bertrand" title="Xavier Bertrand">Xavier Bertrand</a>, <a href="/wiki/Christian_Estrosi" title="Christian Estrosi">Christian Estrosi</a> and others in calling for Juppé to replace <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Fillon" title="François Fillon">François Fillon</a> as the party's candidate.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In response to the <a href="/wiki/Brexit" title="Brexit">Brexit</a> vote in 2016, Pécresse helped launch an initiative of corporate leaders and politicians – including <a href="/wiki/Anne_Hidalgo" title="Anne Hidalgo">Anne Hidalgo</a>, <a href="/wiki/G%C3%A9rard_Mestrallet" title="Gérard Mestrallet">Gérard Mestrallet</a> and <a href="/wiki/Christian_Noyer" title="Christian Noyer">Christian Noyer</a> – to attract business from London.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She has since been saying publicly that France was rolling out the "red-white-and-blue carpet" for UK bankers.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ahead of the Republicans' <a href="/wiki/2017_The_Republicans_(France)_leadership_election" title="2017 The Republicans (France) leadership election">2017 leadership elections</a>, Pécresse founded her own political movement <i><a href="/wiki/Soyons_Libres" class="mw-redirect" title="Soyons Libres">Libres!</a></i> in July 2017. She also publicly opposed newly elected LR chairman <a href="/wiki/Laurent_Wauquiez" title="Laurent Wauquiez">Laurent Wauquiez</a>, warning against his possible "porosity" to the far-right <a href="/wiki/National_Rally" title="National Rally">National Front</a>'s (FN) ideas.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She later announced her resignation from LR on 5 June 2019, three days after Wauquiez's resignation from the presidency of the party.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2019, Pécresse announced plans to boost the number of people in the Paris region who cycle to work by investing 100 million euros in new cycle lanes and infrastructure and a subsidized electric bike rental scheme before 2021.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Candidacy_for_2022_presidential_election">Candidacy for 2022 presidential election</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Val%C3%A9rie_P%C3%A9cresse&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Candidacy for 2022 presidential election"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/2021_The_Republicans_congress" title="2021 The Republicans congress">2021 The Republicans congress</a>, <a href="/wiki/2022_French_presidential_election" title="2022 French presidential election">2022 French presidential election</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Opinion_polling_for_the_2022_French_presidential_election" title="Opinion polling for the 2022 French presidential election">Opinion polling for the 2022 French presidential election</a></div> <p>In July 2021, Pécresse announced her intention to run as the Republican candidate in the 2022 presidential election.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In an interview with <i><a href="/wiki/Le_Figaro" title="Le Figaro">Le Figaro</a></i>, she said: "I am ready to be the first woman president of the Republic."<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the party's congress in November 2021, she came in second after <a href="/wiki/%C3%89ric_Ciotti" title="Éric Ciotti">Éric Ciotti</a> in an internal vote; for the <a href="/wiki/Two-round_system" title="Two-round system">runoff</a> election, she was endorsed by the other defeated candidates <a href="/wiki/Michel_Barnier" title="Michel Barnier">Michel Barnier</a>, <a href="/wiki/Xavier_Bertrand" title="Xavier Bertrand">Xavier Bertrand</a> and <a href="/wiki/Philippe_Juvin" title="Philippe Juvin">Philippe Juvin</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 4 December 2021, she won the Republican candidacy in the final round of voting with 61 percent of ballots cast by party members, the first woman to be so nominated; Ciotti polled 39 percent.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She appointed <a href="/wiki/Sonia_Petro" title="Sonia Petro">Sonia Petro</a>, a politician from Guadeloupe as Overseas Speaker during her campaign.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After winning the nomination, Pécresse's polling numbers soared above those of far-right candidates <a href="/wiki/Marine_Le_Pen" title="Marine Le Pen">Marine Le Pen</a> and <a href="/wiki/%C3%89ric_Zemmour" title="Éric Zemmour">Éric Zemmour</a>, though trailing incumbent <a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_Macron" title="Emmanuel Macron">Emmanuel Macron</a> in the first round. From the end of December, Pécresse and Le Pen were close together in polls for second place in the first round, to advance into the second round behind Macron.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In January 2022, Pécresse said that France should metaphorically use a <a href="/wiki/K%C3%A4rcher" title="Kärcher">Kärcher</a> pressure washer against crime in <i><a href="/wiki/Banlieue" title="Banlieue">banlieues</a></i>; the same argument had been used by Sarkozy in 2005. The German corporation said that it did not want to be used in political discourse.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In February, some of her aides including <a href="/wiki/%C3%89ric_Woerth" title="Éric Woerth">Éric Woerth</a> and <a href="/wiki/Natacha_Bouchart" title="Natacha Bouchart">Natacha Bouchart</a> left her campaign and endorsed Macron.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At a rally in February, Pécresse said "in ten years time … will we be a sovereign nation, a U.S. satellite or a Chinese trading post? Will we be unified or divided? Nothing is written, whether it's loss of economic status, or the <a href="/wiki/Great_Replacement" class="mw-redirect" title="Great Replacement">Great Replacement</a>". She was criticised for referring to the Great Replacement, and later said that her mention was not an endorsement of what she considered to be a "theory of hate".<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition to this statement, her rally was ridiculed by members of her own party, who perceived her delivery as awkward and likened the rally to the sinking of the <i>Titanic</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By March 2022, Pécresse was polling in fifth place for the first round, behind Macron, Zemmour, Le Pen and <a href="/wiki/Jean-Luc_M%C3%A9lenchon" title="Jean-Luc Mélenchon">Jean-Luc Mélenchon</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She finished in fifth place with 1,679,470 votes (4.8%), the worst-ever result for the Republicans or its <a href="/wiki/Gaullism" title="Gaullism">Gaullist</a> predecessors.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She then endorsed Macron for the second round.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pécresse received slightly less than the 5% threshold to be reimbursed by the state for her campaign; she said that her campaign had cost €7 million, of which €5 million was her personal responsibility. She then announced a plan to <a href="/wiki/Crowdfund" class="mw-redirect" title="Crowdfund">crowdfund</a> the paying of her debts.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Political_positions">Political positions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Val%C3%A9rie_P%C3%A9cresse&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Political positions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output 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.sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks" style="border: 4px double #154E9D; border-spacing:0.2em 0;color: var(--color-base, #000);"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">This article is part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Conservatism_in_France" title="Category:Conservatism in France">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="background:#154e9d; padding-top:0.25em; font-size:160%; font-weight:normal; color:white; line-height:1em"><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_France" title="Conservatism in France"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#FFF">Conservatism in France</span></a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Monarchist_France_Conservatism_Flags_Symbol.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Monarchist_France_Conservatism_Flags_Symbol.svg/120px-Monarchist_France_Conservatism_Flags_Symbol.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Monarchist_France_Conservatism_Flags_Symbol.svg/180px-Monarchist_France_Conservatism_Flags_Symbol.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Monarchist_France_Conservatism_Flags_Symbol.svg/240px-Monarchist_France_Conservatism_Flags_Symbol.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="519" data-file-height="290" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #154e9d; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Ideologies</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/French_nationalism" title="French nationalism">French nationalism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Integral_nationalism" title="Integral nationalism">Integral</a></li> <li><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Nouvelle_Droite" title="Nouvelle Droite">Nouvelle Droite</a></i></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaullism" title="Gaullism">Gaullism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_and_politics" title="Catholic Church and politics">Political Catholicism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_democracy" title="Christian democracy">Christian democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Integralism#French_integralism" title="Integralism">Integralism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultramontanism" title="Ultramontanism">Ultramontanism</a></li></ul></li> <li><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9volution_nationale" title="Révolution nationale">Révolution nationale</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Royalism">Royalism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bonapartism" title="Bonapartism">Bonapartism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legitimists" title="Legitimists">Legitimism</a></li> <li><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Maurrassisme" title="Maurrassisme">Maurrassisme</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orl%C3%A9anist" title="Orléanist">Orléanism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarkozysm" title="Sarkozysm">Sarkozysm</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #154e9d; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Principles</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-communism#France" title="Anti-communism">Anti-communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_social_teaching" title="Catholic social teaching">Catholic social teaching</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counter-revolutionary#France" title="Counter-revolutionary">Counter-revolution</a></li> <li><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Dirigisme#France" title="Dirigisme">Dirigisme</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elitism" title="Elitism">Elitism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Meritocracy" title="Meritocracy">Meritocracy</a></li> <li><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Noblesse_oblige" title="Noblesse oblige">Noblesse oblige</a></i></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnopluralism" title="Ethnopluralism">Ethnopluralism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Family_values" title="Family values">Family values</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_France" title="Culture of France">French culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_colonial_empire" title="French colonial empire">Imperialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchism" title="Monarchism">Monarchism</a> <ul><li><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Monarchism_in_France" title="Monarchism in France">Restauration</a></i></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metapolitics#Contemporary_politics" title="Metapolitics">Metapolitics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nativism_(politics)#France" title="Nativism (politics)">Nativism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Politique_naturelle#The_natural_order" title="La Politique naturelle">Natural order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patriotism" title="Patriotism">Patriotism</a></li> <li> <a href="/wiki/Social_stratification" title="Social stratification">Social hierarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_order" title="Social order">Social order</a></li> <li><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Sovereigntism" title="Sovereigntism">Souverainisme</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_authority" title="Traditional authority">Traditional authority</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #154e9d; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">History</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Ancien_R%C3%A9gime" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancien Régime">Ancien Régime</a></i></span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Monarchiens" title="Monarchiens">Monarchiens</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Feuillant_(political_group)" title="Feuillant (political group)">Feuillant</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_and_Royal_Armies" title="Catholic and Royal Armies">Catholic and Royal Armies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_in_the_Vend%C3%A9e" title="War in the Vendée">War in the Vendée</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thermidorian_Reaction" title="Thermidorian Reaction">Thermidorian Reaction</a></li> <li><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Chouannerie" title="Chouannerie">Chouannerie</a></i></span> <ul><li><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Chouan" title="Chouan">Chouan</a></i></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_White_Terror" title="First White Terror">First White Terror</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Companions_of_Jehu" title="Companions of Jehu">Companions of Jehu</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Muscadins" class="mw-redirect" title="Muscadins">Muscadins</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_White_Terror" title="Second White Terror">Second White Terror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bourbon_Restoration_in_France" title="Bourbon Restoration in France">Bourbon Restoration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultra-royalists" class="mw-redirect" title="Ultra-royalists">Ultra-royalists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dreyfus_affair" title="Dreyfus affair">Dreyfus affair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_French_Empire" title="Second French Empire">Second French Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippe_Daudet_affair" title="Philippe Daudet affair">Philippe Daudet affair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Algiers_putsch_of_1961" title="Algiers putsch of 1961">Algiers putsch of 1961</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vichy_France" title="Vichy France">Vichy France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_The_Republicans_alliance_crisis" title="2024 The Republicans alliance crisis">2024 The Republicans alliance crisis</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #154e9d; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Intellectuals</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jules_Barbey_d%27Aurevilly" title="Jules Barbey d'Aurevilly">Barbey d'Aurevilly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Bainville" title="Jacques Bainville">Bainville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustin_Barruel" title="Augustin Barruel">Barruel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alain_de_Benoist" title="Alain de Benoist">de Benoist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoine_Blanc_de_Saint-Bonnet" title="Antoine Blanc de Saint-Bonnet">Blanc de Saint-Bonnet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Bloy" title="Léon Bloy">Bloy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_de_Bonald" title="Louis de Bonald">de Bonald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Boutang" title="Pierre Boutang">Boutang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pascal_Bruckner" title="Pascal Bruckner">Bruckner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Bruneti%C3%A8re" title="Ferdinand Brunetière">Brunetière</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Cau_(writer)" title="Jean Cau (writer)">Cau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois-Ren%C3%A9_de_Chateaubriand" title="François-René de Chateaubriand">de Chateaubriand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Numa_Denis_Fustel_de_Coulanges" title="Numa Denis Fustel de Coulanges">Fustel de Coulanges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Daudet" title="Léon Daudet">Daudet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georges_Dum%C3%A9zil" title="Georges Dumézil">Dumézil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_de_Fabr%C3%A8gues" title="Jean de Fabrègues">de Fabrègues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guillaume_Faye" title="Guillaume Faye">Faye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julien_Freund" title="Julien Freund">Freund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raoul_Girardet" title="Raoul Girardet">Girardet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Gu%C3%A9non" title="René Guénon">Guénon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_de_Gobineau" title="Arthur de Gobineau">de Gobineau</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Social_thinking_of_Arthur_de_Gobineau" title="Social thinking of Arthur de Gobineau">Social thinking</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michel_Houellebecq" title="Michel Houellebecq">Houellebecq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bertrand_de_Jouvenel" title="Bertrand de Jouvenel">de Jouvenel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9licit%C3%A9_de_La_Mennais" title="Félicité de La Mennais">de La Mennais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gustave_Le_Bon" title="Gustave Le Bon">Le Bon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcel_Lefebvre" title="Marcel Lefebvre">Lefebvre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jules_Lema%C3%AEtre" title="Jules Lemaître">Lemaître</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Guillaume_Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_le_Play" title="Pierre Guillaume Frédéric le Play">Le Play</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernard_Lugan" title="Bernard Lugan">Lugan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Madiran" title="Jean Madiran">Madiran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_de_Maistre" title="Joseph de Maistre">de Maistre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9n%C3%A9dict_Augustin_Morel" class="mw-redirect" title="Bénédict Augustin Morel">Morel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michel_Maffesoli" title="Michel Maffesoli">Maffesoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Maurras" title="Charles Maurras">Maurras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Nimier" title="Roger Nimier">Nimier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89mile_Poulat" title="Émile Poulat">Poulat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_R%C3%A9mond" title="René Rémond">Rémond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Renan" title="Ernest Renan">Renan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoine_de_Rivarol" title="Antoine de Rivarol">de Rivarol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Rueff" title="Jacques Rueff">Rueff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Salleron" title="Louis Salleron">Salleron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hippolyte_Taine" title="Hippolyte Taine">Taine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexis_de_Tocqueville" title="Alexis de Tocqueville">de Tocqueville</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #154e9d; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Literature</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Considerations_on_France" title="Considerations on France">Considerations on France</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1796)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Memoirs_Illustrating_the_History_of_Jacobinism" title="Memoirs Illustrating the History of Jacobinism">Memoirs Illustrating the History of Jacobinism</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1797)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Genius_of_Christianity" title="The Genius of Christianity">The Genius of Christianity</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1802)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Pope_(book)" title="The Pope (book)">The Pope</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1819)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/St_Petersburg_Dialogues" title="St Petersburg Dialogues">St Petersburg Dialogues</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1821)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Democracy_in_America" title="Democracy in America">Democracy in America</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1835)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Ancient_City" title="The Ancient City">The Ancient City</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1864)</span></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/What_Is_a_Nation%3F" title="What Is a Nation?">What Is a Nation?</a>" <span style="font-size:85%;">(1882)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Crowd:_A_Study_of_the_Popular_Mind" title="The Crowd: A Study of the Popular Mind">The Crowd</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1895)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Enqu%C3%AAte_sur_la_monarchie" title="Enquête sur la monarchie">Inquiry into the Monarchy</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1900)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%27Avenir_de_l%27intelligence" title="L'Avenir de l'intelligence">"The Future of the Intelligentsia"</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1905)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/My_Political_Ideas" title="My Political Ideas">My Political Ideas</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1937)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Reign_of_Quantity_and_the_Signs_of_the_Times" title="The Reign of Quantity and the Signs of the Times">The Reign of Quantity</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1945)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Opium_of_the_Intellectuals" title="The Opium of the Intellectuals">The Opium of the Intellectuals</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1955)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Violence_and_the_Sacred" title="Violence and the Sacred">Violence and the Sacred</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1972)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Camp_of_the_Saints" title="The Camp of the Saints">The Camp of the Saints</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1973)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Tyranny_of_Guilt" title="The Tyranny of Guilt">The Tyranny of Guilt</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2006)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_French_Suicide" title="The French Suicide">The French Suicide</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2014)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Submission_(novel)" title="Submission (novel)">Submission</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2015)</span></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #154e9d; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Politicians</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jordan_Bardella" title="Jordan Bardella">Bardella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois-Xavier_Bellamy" title="François-Xavier Bellamy">Bellamy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_de_Bonald" title="Louis de Bonald">de Bonald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georges_Ernest_Boulanger" title="Georges Ernest Boulanger">Boulanger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Cathelineau" title="Jacques Cathelineau">Cathelineau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois-Ren%C3%A9_de_Chateaubriand" title="François-René de Chateaubriand">de Chateaubriand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89ric_Ciotti" title="Éric Ciotti">Ciotti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre-%C3%89tienne_Flandin" title="Pierre-Étienne Flandin">Flandin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yann_Fou%C3%A9r%C3%A9" title="Yann Fouéré">Fouéré</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_de_Gaulle" title="Charles de Gaulle">de Gaulle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Holeindre" title="Roger Holeindre">Holeindre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alain_Jupp%C3%A9" title="Alain Juppé">Juppé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henri_de_K%C3%A9rillis" title="Henri de Kérillis">de Kérillis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Marie_Le_Pen" title="Jean-Marie Le Pen">Le Pen (Jean-Marie)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marine_Le_Pen" title="Marine Le Pen">Le Pen (Marine)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Marine_Le_Pen" title="Political positions of Marine Le Pen">Political positions</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Maurras" title="Charles Maurras">Maurras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Malraux" title="André Malraux">Malraux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrice_de_MacMahon" title="Patrice de MacMahon">MacMahon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marion_Mar%C3%A9chal" title="Marion Maréchal">Maréchal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Messiha" title="Jean Messiha">Messiha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Messmer" title="Pierre Messmer">Messmer</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Pécresse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippe_P%C3%A9tain" title="Philippe Pétain">Pétain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alain_Peyrefitte" title="Alain Peyrefitte">Peyrefitte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Charles_Pichegru" title="Jean-Charles Pichegru">Pichegru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raymond_Poincar%C3%A9" title="Raymond Poincaré">Poincaré</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Poisson" title="Jean-Frédéric Poisson">Poisson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jules_de_Polignac" title="Jules de Polignac">de Polignac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georges_Pompidou" title="Georges Pompidou">Pompidou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruno_Retailleau" title="Bruno Retailleau">Retailleau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_de_La_Rocque" title="François de La Rocque">de La Rocque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_de_La_Tour_du_Pin" title="René de La Tour du Pin">de La Tour du Pin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Sarkozy" title="Nicolas Sarkozy">Sarkozy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Schuman" title="Robert Schuman">Schuman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vincent-Marie_Vi%C3%A9not,_Count_of_Vaublanc" title="Vincent-Marie Viénot, Count of Vaublanc">de Vaublanc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_de_Vill%C3%A8le" title="Joseph de Villèle">de Villèle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippe_de_Villiers" title="Philippe de Villiers">de Villiers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89ric_Zemmour" title="Éric Zemmour">Zemmour</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #154e9d; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Commentators</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christophe_Barbier" title="Christophe Barbier">Barbier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Buisson" title="Patrick Buisson">Buisson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean,_Count_of_Paris" title="Jean, Count of Paris">Count of Paris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franz-Olivier_Giesbert" title="Franz-Olivier Giesbert">Giesbert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89mile_de_Girardin" title="Émile de Girardin">de Girardin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tha%C3%AFs_d%27Escufon" title="Thaïs d'Escufon">d'Escufon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominique_Jamet" title="Dominique Jamet">Jamet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89lisabeth_L%C3%A9vy" title="Élisabeth Lévy">Lévy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michel_Marmin" title="Michel Marmin">Marmin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henri_Massis" title="Henri Massis">Massis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thierry_Maulnier" title="Thierry Maulnier">Maulnier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_M%C3%A9nard" title="Robert Ménard">Ménard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89tienne_Mougeotte" title="Étienne Mougeotte">Mougeotte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_Nay" title="Catherine Nay">Nay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laurent_Obertone" title="Laurent Obertone">Obertone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_d%27Orcival" title="François d'Orcival">d'Orcival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlotte_d%27Ornellas" title="Charlotte d'Ornellas">d'Ornellas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Pauwels" title="Louis Pauwels">Pauwels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Pujo" title="Maurice Pujo">Pujo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peggy_Sastre" title="Peggy Sastre">Sastre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_S%C3%A9rant" title="Paul Sérant">Sérant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominique_Venner" title="Dominique Venner">Venner</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #154e9d; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Parties</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"><b>Active</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alliance_Royale" title="Alliance Royale">Alliance Royale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Debout_la_France" title="Debout la France">Debout la France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Future" title="French Future">French Future</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Nationalists_(France)" title="The Nationalists (France)">The Nationalists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Republican_Movement" title="National Republican Movement">National Republican Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Future_with_Confidence" title="Future with Confidence">Future with Confidence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Centre_of_Independents_and_Peasants" title="National Centre of Independents and Peasants">National Centre of Independents & Peasants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Rally" title="National Rally">National Rally</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reconqu%C3%AAte" title="Reconquête">Reconquête</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Republicans_(France)" title="The Republicans (France)">The Republicans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_Republicans" title="Senate Republicans">Senate Republicans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyons_libres" title="Soyons libres">Soyons libres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VIA,_the_Way_of_the_People" title="VIA, the Way of the People">VIA, the Way of the People</a></li></ul> <p><b>Defunct</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Republican_Alliance" title="Democratic Republican Alliance">Democratic Republican Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feuillant_(political_group)" title="Feuillant (political group)">Feuillants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Agrarian_and_Peasant_Party" title="French Agrarian and Peasant Party">French Agrarian and Peasant Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Social_Party" title="French Social Party">French Social Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Movement_for_France" title="Movement for France">Movement for France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_Radicals" title="Independent Radicals">Independent Radicals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_Republicans" title="Independent Republicans">Independent Republicans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Party_of_Order" title="Party of Order">Party of Order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rally_of_the_French_People" title="Rally of the French People">Rally of the French People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Liberal_Action" title="Popular Liberal Action">Popular Liberal Action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rally_for_France" title="Rally for France">Rally for France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rally_for_the_Republic" title="Rally for the Republic">Rally for the Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republican_Federation" title="Republican Federation">Republican Federation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resistance_Party_(France)" title="Resistance Party (France)">Resistance Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_for_a_Popular_Movement" title="Union for a Popular Movement">Union for a Popular Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_for_the_New_Republic" title="Union for the New Republic">Union for the New Republic</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #154e9d; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Organisations</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"><b>Active</b> <ul><li><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Action_Fran%C3%A7aise" title="Action Française">Action Française</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carrefour_de_l%27Horloge" title="Carrefour de l'Horloge">Carrefour de l'Horloge</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(formerly known as: Club de l'Horloge)</span></li> <li><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Cit%C3%A9_catholique" title="Cité catholique">Cité catholique</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Groupement_de_Recherche_et_d%27%C3%89tudes_pour_la_Civilisation_Europ%C3%A9enne" class="mw-redirect" title="Groupement de Recherche et d'Études pour la Civilisation Européenne">Groupement de Recherche et d'Études<br />pour la Civilisation Européenne</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Initiative_and_Liberty_Movement" title="Initiative and Liberty Movement">Initiative and Liberty Movement</a></li> <li><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/La_Manif_pour_tous" title="La Manif pour tous">La Manif pour tous</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Les_Identitaires" title="Les Identitaires">Les Identitaires</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_for_Life_(Paris)" title="March for Life (Paris)">March for Life</a></li> <li><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Nouvelle_Action_Royaliste" title="Nouvelle Action Royaliste">Nouvelle Action Royaliste</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Rassemblement_national_de_la_jeunesse" title="Rassemblement national de la jeunesse">Rassemblement national de la jeunesse</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Student_Cockade" title="Student Cockade">Student Cockade</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UDR_group" title="UDR group">UDR group</a></li> <li><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Union_Nationale_Inter-universitaire" title="Union Nationale Inter-universitaire">Union Nationale Inter-universitaire</a></i></span></li></ul> <p><b>Defunct</b> </p> <ul><li><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Camelots_du_Roi" title="Camelots du Roi">Camelots du Roi</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Cercle_Proudhon" title="Cercle Proudhon">Cercle Proudhon</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Civitas_(movement)" title="Civitas (movement)">Civitas</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Croix-de-Feu" title="Croix-de-Feu">Croix-de-Feu</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_Republicans" title="Independent Republicans">Independent Republicans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hussards_(literary_movement)" title="Hussards (literary movement)">Hussards</a></li> <li><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Service_d%27Action_Civique" title="Service d'Action Civique">Service d'Action Civique</a></i></span></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #154e9d; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Media</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Atlantico" title="Atlantico">Atlantico</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CNews" title="CNews">CNews</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/%C3%89l%C3%A9ments" title="Éléments">Éléments</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Famille_chr%C3%A9tienne" title="Famille chrétienne">Famille chrétienne</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/L%27%C3%89cho_du_Sud" title="L'Écho du Sud">L'Écho du Sud</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/La_Croix_(newspaper)" title="La Croix (newspaper)">La Croix</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/La_Libert%C3%A9_(France)" title="La Liberté (France)">La Liberté</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Defunct)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/La_Nation_fran%C3%A7aise" title="La Nation française">La Nation française</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/La_Presse_(French_newspaper)" title="La Presse (French newspaper)">La Presse</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Defunct)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Le_Figaro" title="Le Figaro">Le Figaro</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Le_Figaro_Magazine" title="Le Figaro Magazine">Le Figaro Magazine</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Le_Point" title="Le Point">Le Point</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pr%C3%A9sent" title="Présent">Présent</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Defunct)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Minute_(newspaper)" title="Minute (newspaper)">Minute</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nouvelle_%C3%89cole" title="Nouvelle École">Nouvelle École</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Le_Quotidien_de_Paris" title="Le Quotidien de Paris">Le Quotidien de Paris</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Radio_Courtoisie" title="Radio Courtoisie">Radio Courtoisie</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Valeurs_actuelles" title="Valeurs actuelles">Valeurs actuelles</a></i></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #154e9d; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Related topics</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Archeofuturism" class="mw-redirect" title="Archeofuturism">Archeofuturism</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clerical_philosophers" title="Clerical philosophers">Clerical philosophers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_New_Right" title="European New Right">European New Right</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/France_profonde" title="France profonde">France profonde</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French%E2%80%93German_enmity" title="French–German enmity">French–German enmity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Revolution" title="French Revolution">French Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurrassisme_in_Argentina" title="Maurrassisme in Argentina"><i>Maurrassisme</i> in Argentina</a></li> <li><span 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.navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Conservatism_in_France" title="Template:Conservatism in France"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Conservatism_in_France" title="Template talk:Conservatism in France"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Conservatism_in_France" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Conservatism in France"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Social_policy">Social policy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Val%C3%A9rie_P%C3%A9cresse&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Social policy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Opposed to the <a href="/wiki/Law_2013-404" title="Law 2013-404">Taubira bill on same-sex marriage in France</a>, Pécresse participated in various demonstrations opposing same-sex marriage and <a href="/wiki/LGBT_parenting" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT parenting">LGBT parenting</a> between 2012 and 2013, notably led by <i><a href="/wiki/La_Manif_pour_tous" title="La Manif pour tous">La Manif pour tous</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In a 2016 <a href="/wiki/Op-ed" title="Op-ed">op-ed</a> published by Sunday newspaper <i><a href="/wiki/Le_Journal_du_Dimanche" title="Le Journal du Dimanche">Le Journal du Dimanche</a></i>, Pécresse joined sixteen other high-profile women from across the political spectrum – including <a href="/wiki/%C3%89lisabeth_Guigou" title="Élisabeth Guigou">Élisabeth Guigou</a>, <a href="/wiki/Christine_Lagarde" title="Christine Lagarde">Christine Lagarde</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Fleur_Pellerin" title="Fleur Pellerin">Fleur Pellerin</a> – in making a public vow to expose "all sexist remarks, inappropriate gestures and behaviour."<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When founding <i>Libres!</i> in 2017, Pécresse told Sunday newspaper <i><a href="/wiki/Le_Journal_du_Dimanche" title="Le Journal du Dimanche">Le Journal du Dimanche</a></i> she would seek to position her grouping between those who had joined Macron's <a href="/wiki/First_Philippe_government" title="First Philippe government">government</a> – including Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/%C3%89douard_Philippe" title="Édouard Philippe">Édouard Philippe</a> – and those who would follow a line she called "aggressive opposition," and which has gathered around the party's right wing.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Also in 2020, Pécresse said she was "totally hostile" to <a href="/wiki/Postal_voting" title="Postal voting">mail-in voting</a> to facilitate voting during the public health crisis caused by the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_France" title="COVID-19 pandemic in France">COVID-19 pandemic in France</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2021, Pécresse advocated a more restrictive approach to the issue of immigration, seeing it as a "major societal challenge". In particular, she suggests the introduction of maximum annual immigration ceilings and stricter conditions for the issuance of a residence permit, such as having "sufficient resources" (the amount of which would be raised by 25%), "mastery of the French language" and "respect for secularism and the values of the Republic". Finally, she wants to exclude people who have been living in France for less than five years from social assistance.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Homeland_security">Homeland security</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Val%C3%A9rie_P%C3%A9cresse&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Homeland security"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In response to the <a href="/wiki/January_2015_%C3%8Ele-de-France_attacks" title="January 2015 Île-de-France attacks">January 2015 Île-de-France attacks</a>, Pécresse said France needed its own version of the <a href="/wiki/Patriot_Act" title="Patriot Act">Patriot Act</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following the <a href="/wiki/Murder_of_Samuel_Paty" title="Murder of Samuel Paty">murder of Samuel Paty</a> in 2020, Pécresse argued for lifting restrictions on <a href="/wiki/Facial_recognition_system" title="Facial recognition system">facial recognition</a> and using artificial intelligence to fight terrorism on public transport networks.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Economic_policy">Economic policy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Val%C3%A9rie_P%C3%A9cresse&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Economic policy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Declaring herself in favour of economic liberalism, she said in August 2021 that she was "two-thirds Merkel, one-third Thatcher".<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the run-up to the 2022 presidential election, she promised to cut public spending and taxes through four major reforms: eliminating 150,000 civil service jobs, moving to retirement at age 65, reducing unemployment benefits and withdrawing the state from competitive companies in which it is a minority shareholder.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She also wants to end the <a href="/wiki/35-hour_workweek" title="35-hour workweek">35-hour workweek</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the same time, she has attempted to present herself as an <a href="/wiki/Environmentalist" title="Environmentalist">environmentalist</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Val%C3%A9rie_P%C3%A9cresse&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Personal life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Pécresse has been married to former investment banker and current CEO of <a href="/wiki/GE_Renewable_Energy" title="GE Renewable Energy">GE Renewable Energy</a> Jérôme Pécresse since 1994. The couple have three children.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Val%C3%A9rie_P%C3%A9cresse&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>"Miss Oradour", in <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Jean-Pierre_Thiollet" title="Jean-Pierre Thiollet">Thiollet, Jean-Pierre</a> (2022), <i>Hallier en roue libre</i>, Paris: Neva Editions, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-35055-305-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-35055-305-4"><bdi>978-2-35055-305-4</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hallier+en+roue+libre&rft.place=Paris&rft.pub=Neva+Editions&rft.date=2022&rft.isbn=978-2-35055-305-4&rft.au=Thiollet%2C+Jean-Pierre&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVal%C3%A9rie+P%C3%A9cresse" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Val%C3%A9rie_P%C3%A9cresse&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-auto1-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto1_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto1_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto1_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto1_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGuttenplan2011" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/D._D._Guttenplan" title="D. D. Guttenplan">Guttenplan, D. D.</a> (22 May 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2011/05/23/education/23iht-educlede.html">"France Reinvesting in Universities, Education Minister Says"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 December</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=France+Reinvesting+in+Universities%2C+Education+Minister+Says&rft.date=2011-05-22&rft.aulast=Guttenplan&rft.aufirst=D.+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2011%2F05%2F23%2Feducation%2F23iht-educlede.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVal%C3%A9rie+P%C3%A9cresse" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.leparisien.fr/politique/valerie-pecresse-la-guerriere-29-03-2009-458582.php">"Valérie Pécresse, la guerrière"</a>. <i>Le Parisien</i> (in French). 29 March 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 December</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Le+Parisien&rft.atitle=Val%C3%A9rie+P%C3%A9cresse%2C+la+guerri%C3%A8re&rft.date=2009-03-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.leparisien.fr%2Fpolitique%2Fvalerie-pecresse-la-guerriere-29-03-2009-458582.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVal%C3%A9rie+P%C3%A9cresse" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto2-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto2_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto2_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20071013225556/http://www.nouveleconomiste.fr/Portraits/1280-Pecresse.html">"Valérie Pécresse, Et Dieu créa la femme"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Le_Nouvel_%C3%89conomiste" title="Le Nouvel Économiste">Le Nouvel Économiste</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nouveleconomiste.fr/Portraits/1280-Pecresse.html">the original</a> on 13 October 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Le+Nouvel+%C3%89conomiste&rft.atitle=Val%C3%A9rie+P%C3%A9cresse%2C+Et+Dieu+cr%C3%A9a+la+femme&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nouveleconomiste.fr%2FPortraits%2F1280-Pecresse.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVal%C3%A9rie+P%C3%A9cresse" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-france-election-ministers/factbox-results-for-ministers-in-french-election-idUSL1045477020070610">FACTBOX: Results for ministers in French election</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a></i>, 10 June 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www2.assemblee-nationale.fr/deputes/fiche/OMC_PA267605">Valérie Pécresse</a> <a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(France)" title="National Assembly (France)">National Assembly</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWillard2007" class="citation web cs1">Willard, Anna (27 November 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-france-students/french-students-hold-fresh-protests-against-reform-idUSL2652256420071127">"French students hold fresh protests against reform"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=French+students+hold+fresh+protests+against+reform&rft.date=2007-11-27&rft.aulast=Willard&rft.aufirst=Anna&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-france-students%2Ffrench-students-hold-fresh-protests-against-reform-idUSL2652256420071127&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVal%C3%A9rie+P%C3%A9cresse" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBintliff2009" class="citation web cs1">Bintliff, Esther (15 May 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ft.com/content/886924dc-417d-11de-bdb7-00144feabdc0">"French students rue wasted semester"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Financial_Times" title="Financial Times">Financial Times</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Financial+Times&rft.atitle=French+students+rue+wasted+semester&rft.date=2009-05-15&rft.aulast=Bintliff&rft.aufirst=Esther&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ft.com%2Fcontent%2F886924dc-417d-11de-bdb7-00144feabdc0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVal%C3%A9rie+P%C3%A9cresse" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-carpette-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-carpette_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchofiel2009" class="citation web cs1">Schofiel, Hugh (22 January 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/from_our_own_correspondent/7844192.stm">"New lingua franca upsets French"</a>. <i>BBC News</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 September</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Politico+Europe&rft.atitle=France+split+over+%27American%27+mail-in+ballots+for+2021+regional+elections&rft.date=2020-11-16&rft.aulast=Bermingham&rft.aufirst=Pierre-Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.politico.eu%2Farticle%2Ffrance-is-split-over-american-mail-in-ballots-2021-regional-election%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVal%C3%A9rie+P%C3%A9cresse" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.francetvinfo.fr/societe/immigration/presidentielle-2022-valerie-pecresse-presente-un-projet-constitutionnel-pour-stopper-l-immigration-incontrolee_4796027.html">"Présidentielle 2022 : Valérie Pécresse présente un projet de révision de la Constitution pour "stopper l'immigration incontrôlée"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>Franceinfo</i> (in French). 5 May 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 December</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Franceinfo&rft.atitle=Pr%C3%A9sidentielle+2022+%3A+Val%C3%A9rie+P%C3%A9cresse+pr%C3%A9sente+un+projet+de+r%C3%A9vision+de+la+Constitution+pour+%22stopper+l%27immigration+incontr%C3%B4l%C3%A9e%22&rft.date=2021-05-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.francetvinfo.fr%2Fsociete%2Fimmigration%2Fpresidentielle-2022-valerie-pecresse-presente-un-projet-constitutionnel-pour-stopper-l-immigration-incontrolee_4796027.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVal%C3%A9rie+P%C3%A9cresse" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFApuzzoErlanger2015" class="citation web cs1">Apuzzo, Matt; Erlanger, Steven (16 January 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2015/01/17/world/europe/patriot-act-idea-rises-in-france-and-is-ridiculed.html">"Patriot Act Idea Rises in France, and Is Ridiculed"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 December</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Patriot+Act+Idea+Rises+in+France%2C+and+Is+Ridiculed&rft.date=2015-01-16&rft.aulast=Apuzzo&rft.aufirst=Matt&rft.au=Erlanger%2C+Steven&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2015%2F01%2F17%2Fworld%2Feurope%2Fpatriot-act-idea-rises-in-france-and-is-ridiculed.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVal%C3%A9rie+P%C3%A9cresse" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVinocur2020" class="citation web cs1">Vinocur, Nicholas (30 October 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.politico.eu/article/french-politicians-urge-deployment-of-surveillance-technology-after-series-of-attacks/">"French politicians urge deployment of surveillance technology after series of attacks"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Politico_Europe" title="Politico Europe">Politico Europe</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 December</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Politico+Europe&rft.atitle=French+politicians+urge+deployment+of+surveillance+technology+after+series+of+attacks&rft.date=2020-10-30&rft.aulast=Vinocur&rft.aufirst=Nicholas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.politico.eu%2Farticle%2Ffrench-politicians-urge-deployment-of-surveillance-technology-after-series-of-attacks%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVal%C3%A9rie+P%C3%A9cresse" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lepoint.fr/politique/valerie-pecresse-je-suis-2-3-merkel-et-1-3-thatcher-18-08-2021-2439397_20.php">"Valérie Pécresse : "Je suis 2/3 Merkel et 1/3 Thatcher"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>Le Point</i> (in French). 18 August 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 December</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Le+Point&rft.atitle=Val%C3%A9rie+P%C3%A9cresse+%3A+%22Je+suis+2%2F3+Merkel+et+1%2F3+Thatcher%22&rft.date=2021-08-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lepoint.fr%2Fpolitique%2Fvalerie-pecresse-je-suis-2-3-merkel-et-1-3-thatcher-18-08-2021-2439397_20.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVal%C3%A9rie+P%C3%A9cresse" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://actu.orange.fr/politique/valerie-pecresse-propose-la-suppression-de-150-000-postes-dans-l-administration-CNT000001Fr3vu.html">"Valérie Pécresse propose la suppression de "150.000 postes dans l'administration"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>actu.orange.fr</i> (in French). 18 October 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 December</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=actu.orange.fr&rft.atitle=Val%C3%A9rie+P%C3%A9cresse+propose+la+suppression+de+%22150.000+postes+dans+l%27administration%22&rft.date=2021-10-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Factu.orange.fr%2Fpolitique%2Fvalerie-pecresse-propose-la-suppression-de-150-000-postes-dans-l-administration-CNT000001Fr3vu.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVal%C3%A9rie+P%C3%A9cresse" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.euronews.com/2021/12/04/french-presidential-election-2022-valerie-pecresse-wins-conservative-primary">"In first, French conservatives pick a woman as presidential candidate"</a>. <i>Euronews</i>. 4 December 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Euronews&rft.atitle=In+first%2C+French+conservatives+pick+a+woman+as+presidential+candidate&rft.date=2021-12-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.euronews.com%2F2021%2F12%2F04%2Ffrench-presidential-election-2022-valerie-pecresse-wins-conservative-primary&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVal%C3%A9rie+P%C3%A9cresse" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sarah White and Victor Mallet (4 December 2021), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ft.com/content/fdbe4b1e-b83e-46f7-be9c-c87a1d25bbf8">Valérie Pécresse to confront Emmanuel Macron in 2022 election</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Financial_Times" title="Financial Times">Financial Times</a></i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLechevallier2010" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Lechevallier, Anne-Sophie (24 August 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.parismatch.com/People/Politique/Jerome-Pecresse-le-marie-de-Valerie-152505">"Jérôme Pécresse, le mari de Valérie"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Paris_Match" title="Paris Match">Paris Match</a></i> (in French)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 December</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Paris+Match&rft.atitle=J%C3%A9r%C3%B4me+P%C3%A9cresse%2C+le+mari+de+Val%C3%A9rie&rft.date=2010-08-24&rft.aulast=Lechevallier&rft.aufirst=Anne-Sophie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.parismatch.com%2FPeople%2FPolitique%2FJerome-Pecresse-le-marie-de-Valerie-152505&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVal%C3%A9rie+P%C3%A9cresse" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Victor Mallet (10 December 2021), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ft.com/content/51aff277-bb70-41be-9b9f-f8f0400dc25c">Valérie Pécresse, the woman who could beat Macron</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Financial_Times" title="Financial Times">Financial Times</a></i>.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Val%C3%A9rie_P%C3%A9cresse&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Val%C3%A9rie_P%C3%A9cresse" class="extiw" title="commons:Valérie Pécresse"><span style="font-style:italic; font-weight:bold;">Valérie Pécresse</span></a>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070527215151/http://www.recherche.gouv.fr/ministre/index.htm">Biography</a></li> <li><span class="languageicon">(in French)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.telesorbonne.com/index.php?option=com_xevgfx&func=detail&id=148">interview of Valérie Pécresse for a student TV during the strike of university teacher in February 2009</a></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ccccff;">Political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Jean-Paul_Huchon" title="Jean-Paul Huchon">Jean-Paul Huchon</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Regional_Council_(France)" title="President of the Regional Council (France)">President of the Regional Council</a> of <a href="/wiki/%C3%8Ele-de-France" title="Île-de-France">Île-de-France</a> </b><br />2015 – present </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold">Incumbent</div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Goulard" title="François Goulard">François Goulard</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Higher_Education_and_Research" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Higher Education and Research">Minister of Higher Education and Research</a> </b><br />2007–2011 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Laurent_Wauquiez" title="Laurent Wauquiez">Laurent Wauquiez</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Baroin" title="François Baroin">François Baroin</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Budget_Ministers_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Budget Ministers of France">Minister of the Budget</a> </b><br />2011–2012 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/J%C3%A9r%C3%B4me_Cahuzac" title="Jérôme Cahuzac">Jérôme Cahuzac</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output 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.navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Current_presidents_of_the_regional_councils_of_France_and_the_Corsican_Assembly" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:FranceRegionalPresidents" title="Template:FranceRegionalPresidents"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:FranceRegionalPresidents" title="Template talk:FranceRegionalPresidents"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:FranceRegionalPresidents" title="Special:EditPage/Template:FranceRegionalPresidents"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Current_presidents_of_the_regional_councils_of_France_and_the_Corsican_Assembly" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Regional_Council_(France)" title="President of the Regional Council (France)">Current presidents of the regional councils of France and the Corsican Assembly</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="padding:0px"><table class="navbox-columns-table" style="border-spacing: 0px; text-align:left;width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:5em;">   </td><td class="navbox-list" style="padding:0px;width:33%;"><div> <div> <p>Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes: <a href="/wiki/Laurent_Wauquiez" title="Laurent Wauquiez">Laurent Wauquiez</a> (LR)<br /> Bourgogne-Franche-Comté: <a href="/wiki/Marie-Guite_Dufay" title="Marie-Guite Dufay">Marie-Guite Dufay</a> (PS)<br /> Brittany: <a href="/wiki/Lo%C3%AFg_Chesnais-Girard" title="Loïg Chesnais-Girard">Loïg Chesnais-Girard</a> (DVG)<br /> Centre-Val de Loire: <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Bonneau" title="François Bonneau">François Bonneau</a> (PS)<br /> Corsica: <a href="/wiki/Marie-Antoinette_Maupertuis" title="Marie-Antoinette Maupertuis">Marie-Antoinette Maupertuis</a> (FAC)<br /> Grand Est: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Franck_Leroy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Franck Leroy (page does not exist)">Franck Leroy</a> (LR)<br /> </p> </div> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;width:33%;"><div> <div> <p>Nouvelle-Aquitaine: <a href="/wiki/Alain_Rousset" title="Alain Rousset">Alain Rousset</a> (PS)<br /> French Guiana: <a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Serville" title="Gabriel Serville">Gabriel Serville</a> (PG)<br /> Guadeloupe: <a href="/wiki/Ary_Chalus" title="Ary Chalus">Ary Chalus</a> (PS)<br /> Île-de-France: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Valérie Pécresse</a> (LR)<br /> Martinique: <a href="/wiki/Claude_Lise" title="Claude Lise">Claude Lise</a> (PPM)<br /> </p> </div> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;width:33%;"><div> <div> <p>Occitania: <a href="/wiki/Carole_Delga" title="Carole Delga">Carole Delga</a> (PS)<br /> Hauts-de-France: <a href="/wiki/Xavier_Bertrand" title="Xavier Bertrand">Xavier Bertrand</a> (DVD)<br /> Normandy: <a href="/wiki/Herv%C3%A9_Morin" title="Hervé Morin">Hervé Morin</a> (LR)<br /> Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur: <a href="/wiki/Renaud_Muselier" title="Renaud Muselier">Renaud Muselier</a> (LR)<br /> Pays de la Loire: <a href="/wiki/Christelle_Moran%C3%A7ais" title="Christelle Morançais">Christelle Morançais</a> (LR)<br /> Réunion: <a href="/wiki/Didier_Robert" title="Didier Robert">Didier Robert</a> (LR)<br /> </p> </div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>DVD: <a href="/wiki/Miscellaneous_right" title="Miscellaneous right">Miscellaneous right</a> ◌ FAC: <a href="/wiki/Femu_a_Corsica" title="Femu a Corsica">Femu a Corsica</a> ◌ LR: <a href="/wiki/The_Republicans_(France)" title="The Republicans (France)">The Republicans</a> ◌ PG: <a href="/wiki/P%C3%A9yi_Guyane" title="Péyi Guyane">Péyi Guyane</a> ◌ PPM: <a href="/wiki/Martinican_Progressive_Party" title="Martinican Progressive Party">Martinican Progressive Party</a> ◌ PRG: <a href="/wiki/Radical_Party_of_the_Left" title="Radical Party of the Left">Radical Party of the Left</a> ◌ PS: <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_(France)" title="Socialist Party (France)">Socialist Party</a> ◌ PSG: <a href="/wiki/Guianese_Socialist_Party" title="Guianese Socialist Party">Guianese Socialist Party</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="First_Fillon_government" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Fillon_I" title="Template:Fillon I"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Fillon_I" title="Template talk:Fillon I"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Fillon_I" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Fillon I"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="First_Fillon_government" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">First <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Fillon" title="François Fillon">Fillon</a> government</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Fillon" title="François Fillon">François Fillon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alain_Jupp%C3%A9" title="Alain Juppé">Alain Juppé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernard_Kouchner" title="Bernard Kouchner">Bernard Kouchner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herv%C3%A9_Morin" title="Hervé Morin">Hervé Morin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mich%C3%A8le_Alliot-Marie" title="Michèle Alliot-Marie">Michèle Alliot-Marie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brice_Hortefeux" title="Brice Hortefeux">Brice Hortefeux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rachida_Dati" title="Rachida Dati">Rachida Dati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Louis_Borloo" title="Jean-Louis Borloo">Jean-Louis Borloo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89ric_W%C5%93rth" class="mw-redirect" title="Éric Wœrth">Éric Wœrth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xavier_Bertrand" title="Xavier Bertrand">Xavier Bertrand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christine_Boutin" title="Christine Boutin">Christine Boutin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christine_Lagarde" title="Christine Lagarde">Christine Lagarde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xavier_Darcos" title="Xavier Darcos">Xavier Darcos</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Valérie Pécresse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christine_Albanel" title="Christine Albanel">Christine Albanel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roselyne_Bachelot" title="Roselyne Bachelot">Roselyne Bachelot</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Armoiries_r%C3%A9publique_fran%C3%A7aise.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of Arms of France"><img alt="Coat of Arms of France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Armoiries_r%C3%A9publique_fran%C3%A7aise.svg/50px-Armoiries_r%C3%A9publique_fran%C3%A7aise.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="57" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Armoiries_r%C3%A9publique_fran%C3%A7aise.svg/75px-Armoiries_r%C3%A9publique_fran%C3%A7aise.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Armoiries_r%C3%A9publique_fran%C3%A7aise.svg/100px-Armoiries_r%C3%A9publique_fran%C3%A7aise.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="175" data-file-height="199" /></a><figcaption>Coat of Arms of France</figcaption></figure></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Second_Fillon_government" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Fillon_II" title="Template:Fillon II"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Fillon_II" title="Template talk:Fillon II"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Fillon_II" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Fillon II"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Second_Fillon_government" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Second <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Fillon" title="François Fillon">Fillon</a> government</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Fillon" title="François Fillon">François Fillon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Baroin" title="François Baroin">François Baroin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alain_Jupp%C3%A9" title="Alain Juppé">Alain Juppé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Louis_Borloo" title="Jean-Louis Borloo">Jean-Louis Borloo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mich%C3%A8le_Alliot-Marie" title="Michèle Alliot-Marie">Michèle Alliot-Marie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernard_Kouchner" title="Bernard Kouchner">Bernard Kouchner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herv%C3%A9_Morin" title="Hervé Morin">Hervé Morin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brice_Hortefeux" title="Brice Hortefeux">Brice Hortefeux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xavier_Darcos" title="Xavier Darcos">Xavier Darcos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christine_Lagarde" title="Christine Lagarde">Christine Lagarde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89ric_W%C5%93rth" class="mw-redirect" title="Éric Wœrth">Éric Wœrth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89ric_Besson" title="Éric Besson">Éric Besson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luc_Chatel" title="Luc Chatel">Luc Chatel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruno_Le_Maire" title="Bruno Le Maire">Bruno Le Maire</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Valérie Pécresse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Mitterrand" title="Frédéric Mitterrand">Frédéric Mitterrand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roselyne_Bachelot" title="Roselyne Bachelot">Roselyne Bachelot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michel_Mercier" title="Michel Mercier">Michel Mercier</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Armoiries_r%C3%A9publique_fran%C3%A7aise.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of Arms of France"><img alt="Coat of Arms of France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Armoiries_r%C3%A9publique_fran%C3%A7aise.svg/50px-Armoiries_r%C3%A9publique_fran%C3%A7aise.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="57" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Armoiries_r%C3%A9publique_fran%C3%A7aise.svg/75px-Armoiries_r%C3%A9publique_fran%C3%A7aise.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Armoiries_r%C3%A9publique_fran%C3%A7aise.svg/100px-Armoiries_r%C3%A9publique_fran%C3%A7aise.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="175" data-file-height="199" /></a><figcaption>Coat of Arms of France</figcaption></figure></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Candidates_in_the_2022_French_presidential_election" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Candidates_in_the_2022_French_presidential_election" title="Template:Candidates in the 2022 French presidential election"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Candidates_in_the_2022_French_presidential_election" title="Template talk:Candidates in the 2022 French presidential election"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Candidates_in_the_2022_French_presidential_election" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Candidates in the 2022 French presidential election"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Candidates_in_the_2022_French_presidential_election" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Candidates in the <a href="/wiki/2022_French_presidential_election" title="2022 French presidential election">2022 French presidential election</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Winner</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_Macron" title="Emmanuel Macron">Emmanuel Macron</a> (<a href="/wiki/La_R%C3%A9publique_En_Marche!" class="mw-redirect" title="La République En Marche!">LREM</a>; <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=2022_Emmanuel_Macron_presidential_campaign&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2022 Emmanuel Macron presidential campaign (page does not exist)">campaign</a></i>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lost in <a href="/wiki/Two-round_system" title="Two-round system">runoff</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marine_Le_Pen" title="Marine Le Pen">Marine Le Pen</a> (<a href="/wiki/National_Rally" title="National Rally">RN</a>; <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=2022_Marine_Le_Pen_presidential_campaign&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2022 Marine Le Pen presidential campaign (page does not exist)">campaign</a></i>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Luc_M%C3%A9lenchon" title="Jean-Luc Mélenchon">Jean-Luc Mélenchon</a> (<a href="/wiki/La_France_Insoumise" title="La France Insoumise">LFI</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89ric_Zemmour" title="Éric Zemmour">Éric Zemmour</a> (<a href="/wiki/Reconqu%C3%AAte" title="Reconquête">R!</a>)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Valérie Pécresse</a> (<a href="/wiki/The_Republicans_(France)" title="The Republicans (France)">LR</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yannick_Jadot" title="Yannick Jadot">Yannick Jadot</a> (<a href="/wiki/Europe_Ecology_%E2%80%93_The_Greens" class="mw-redirect" title="Europe Ecology – The Greens">EELV</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Lassalle" title="Jean Lassalle">Jean Lassalle</a> (<a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9sistons!" class="mw-redirect" title="Résistons!">RES</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fabien_Roussel" title="Fabien Roussel">Fabien Roussel</a> (<a href="/wiki/French_Communist_Party" title="French Communist Party">PCF</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Dupont-Aignan" title="Nicolas Dupont-Aignan">Nicolas Dupont-Aignan</a> (<a href="/wiki/Debout_la_France" title="Debout la France">DLF</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_Hidalgo" title="Anne Hidalgo">Anne Hidalgo</a> (<a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_(France)" title="Socialist Party (France)">PS</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippe_Poutou" title="Philippe Poutou">Philippe Poutou </a>(<a href="/wiki/New_Anticapitalist_Party" title="New Anticapitalist Party">NPA</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathalie_Arthaud" title="Nathalie Arthaud">Nathalie Arthaud</a> (<a href="/wiki/Lutte_Ouvri%C3%A8re" title="Lutte Ouvrière">LO</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="The_Republicans" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#0043B0; color:white;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:The_Republicans_(France)" title="Template:The Republicans (France)"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:white">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:The_Republicans_(France)" title="Template talk:The Republicans (France)"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:white">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:The_Republicans_(France)" title="Special:EditPage/Template:The Republicans (France)"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:white">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="The_Republicans" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/The_Republicans_(France)" title="The Republicans (France)"><span style="color:white;">The Republicans</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#0043B0; color:white;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Union_for_a_Popular_Movement#Leadership" title="Union for a Popular Movement"><span style="color:white;">Predecessors</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rally_of_the_French_People" title="Rally of the French People">Rally of the French People</a> (1947–1955)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Centre_of_Social_Republicans" title="National Centre of Social Republicans">National Centre of Social Republicans</a> (1954–1958)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_for_the_New_Republic" title="Union for the New Republic">Union for the New Republic</a> (1958–1967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_of_Democrats_for_the_Republic" title="Union of Democrats for the Republic">Union of Democrats for the Republic</a> (1967–1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rally_for_the_Republic" title="Rally for the Republic">Rally for the Republic</a> (1976–2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_for_a_Popular_Movement" title="Union for a Popular Movement">Union for a Popular Movement</a> (2002–2015)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#0043B0; color:white;;width:1%">Presidents</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Sarkozy" title="Nicolas Sarkozy">Nicolas Sarkozy</a> (2015–2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laurent_Wauquiez" title="Laurent Wauquiez">Laurent Wauquiez</a> (2016 <i>ad interim</i>, 2017–2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Leonetti" title="Jean Leonetti">Jean Leonetti</a> (2019 <i>ad interim</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Jacob_(politician)" title="Christian Jacob (politician)">Christian Jacob</a> (2019–2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annie_Genevard" title="Annie Genevard">Annie Genevard</a> (2022 <i>ad interim</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89ric_Ciotti" title="Éric Ciotti">Éric Ciotti</a> (2022–present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#0043B0; color:white;;width:1%">Secretaries-general</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Laurent_Wauquiez" title="Laurent Wauquiez">Laurent Wauquiez</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89ric_Woerth" title="Éric Woerth">Éric Woerth</a> (2015–2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernard_Accoyer" title="Bernard Accoyer">Bernard Accoyer</a> (2016–2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annie_Genevard" title="Annie Genevard">Annie Genevard</a> (2017–2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aur%C3%A9lien_Pradi%C3%A9" title="Aurélien Pradié">Aurélien Pradié</a> (2019–present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#0043B0; color:white;;width:1%">Presidential candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Fillon" title="François Fillon">François Fillon</a> (<a href="/wiki/2017_French_presidential_election" title="2017 French presidential election">2017</a>)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Valérie Pécresse</a> (<a href="/wiki/2022_French_presidential_election" title="2022 French presidential election">2022</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#0043B0; color:white;;width:1%">Elections</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2016_The_Republicans_(France)_presidential_primary" title="2016 The Republicans (France) presidential primary">2016 presidential primary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_The_Republicans_(France)_leadership_election" title="2017 The Republicans (France) leadership election">2017 leadership election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_The_Republicans_(France)_leadership_election" title="2019 The Republicans (France) leadership election">2019 leadership election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_The_Republicans_congress" title="2021 The Republicans congress">2021 presidential primary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_The_Republicans_(France)_leadership_election" title="2022 The Republicans (France) leadership election">2022 leadership election</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#0043B0; color:white;;width:1%">Parliamentary groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Republicans_group_(National_Assembly)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Republicans group (National Assembly)">National Assembly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Republicans_group_(Senate)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Republicans group (Senate)">Senate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q455023#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q455023#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q455023#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000077319774">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/51978507">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1673988/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJp9rcP8V6yCVyPj4WGyh3">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/140784942">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n2007030861">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb15066842p">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb15066842p">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9812476893605606">Poland</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www2.assemblee-nationale.fr/sycomore/fiche/(num_dept)/10745">Sycomore</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/068738374">IdRef</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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