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He received his PhD in organic chemistry from Trent University in England. He directs a laboratory of around a dozen scientists who work in photodynamic therapy and photobiomodulation. He has published 376 peer-reviewed articles, is Editor or Associate Editor for 10 journals and serves on NIH Study-Sections. He has an h-factor of 82 and >25,000 citations. He has authored/edited 11 proceedings volumes together with ten other major textbooks on PDT and photomedicine. Dr Hamblin was honored by election as a Fellow of SPIE in 2011, and received the 1st Endre Mester Lifetime Achievement Award in Photomedicine from NAALT in 2017.<br /><div class="js-profile-less-about u-linkUnstyled u-tcGrayDarker u-textDecorationUnderline u-displayNone">less</div></div></div><div class="suggested-academics-container"><div class="suggested-academics--header"><p class="ds2-5-body-md-bold">Related Authors</p></div><ul class="suggested-user-card-list"><div class="suggested-user-card"><div class="suggested-user-card__avatar social-profile-avatar-container"><a href="https://mssm.academia.edu/IrazToprakAydin"><img class="profile-avatar u-positionAbsolute" alt="Iraz T Aydin" border="0" onerror="if (this.src != '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png') this.src = '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png';" width="200" height="200" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/122312/99579/116602/s200_iraz_toprak.aydin.jpg" /></a></div><div 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class="profile-avatar u-positionAbsolute" alt="János Hunyadi" border="0" onerror="if (this.src != '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png') this.src = '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png';" width="200" height="200" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/33059181/9816800/10939230/s200_j_nos.hunyadi.jpg_oh_0f97882ed5f6b72d9611138019b0234b_oe_5617d4d1___gda___1444185550_b04903bfe379d3fd03f84d5498ca4ab0" /></a></div><div class="suggested-user-card__user-info"><a class="suggested-user-card__user-info__header ds2-5-body-sm-bold ds2-5-body-link" href="https://unideb.academia.edu/J%C3%A1nosHunyadi">János Hunyadi</a><p class="suggested-user-card__user-info__subheader ds2-5-body-xs">University of Debrecen</p></div></div><div class="suggested-user-card"><div class="suggested-user-card__avatar social-profile-avatar-container"><a href="https://hms-harvard.academia.edu/MikeHamblin"><img class="profile-avatar u-positionAbsolute" alt="Mike Hamblin" border="0" onerror="if (this.src != '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png') this.src = '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png';" width="200" height="200" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/44782898/11897692/19119389/s200_mike.hamblin.jpg" /></a></div><div class="suggested-user-card__user-info"><a class="suggested-user-card__user-info__header ds2-5-body-sm-bold ds2-5-body-link" href="https://hms-harvard.academia.edu/MikeHamblin">Mike Hamblin</a><p class="suggested-user-card__user-info__subheader ds2-5-body-xs">Harvard Medical School</p></div></div></ul></div><div class="ri-section"><div class="ri-section-header"><span>Interests</span></div><div class="ri-tags-container"><a data-click-track="profile-user-info-expand-research-interests" data-has-card-for-ri-list="31841740" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dermatology"><div id="js-react-on-rails-context" style="display:none" data-rails-context="{"inMailer":false,"i18nLocale":"en","i18nDefaultLocale":"en","href":"https://hms-harvard.academia.edu/MichaelHamblin","location":"/MichaelHamblin","scheme":"https","host":"hms-harvard.academia.edu","port":null,"pathname":"/MichaelHamblin","search":null,"httpAcceptLanguage":null,"serverSide":false}"></div> <div class="js-react-on-rails-component" style="display:none" data-component-name="Pill" data-props="{"color":"gray","children":["Dermatology"]}" data-trace="false" data-dom-id="Pill-react-component-bb63c056-c8c8-4ca1-8e20-c358045d36a0"></div> <div id="Pill-react-component-bb63c056-c8c8-4ca1-8e20-c358045d36a0"></div> </a></div></div></div></div><div class="right-panel-container"><div class="user-content-wrapper"><div class="uploads-container" id="social-redesign-work-container"><div class="upload-header"><h2 class="ds2-5-heading-sans-serif-xs">Uploads</h2></div><div class="documents-container backbone-social-profile-documents" style="width: 100%;"><div class="u-taCenter"></div><div class="profile--tab_content_container js-tab-pane tab-pane active" id="all"><div class="profile--tab_heading_container js-section-heading" data-section="Papers" id="Papers"><h3 class="profile--tab_heading_container">Papers by Michael Hamblin</h3></div><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="31483179"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/31483179/Pegylation_of_charged_polymer_photosensitiser_conjugates_Effects_on_photodynamic_efficacy"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Pegylation of charged polymer-photosensitiser conjugates: Effects on photodynamic efficacy" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/51834451/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/31483179/Pegylation_of_charged_polymer_photosensitiser_conjugates_Effects_on_photodynamic_efficacy">Pegylation of charged polymer-photosensitiser conjugates: Effects on photodynamic efficacy</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://oxford.academia.edu/JaimieMillerFriedmann">Jaimie Miller-Friedmann</a> and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://hms-harvard.academia.edu/MichaelHamblin">Michael Hamblin</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>British Journal of Cancer</span><span>, 2003</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Conjugates between photosensitisers (PS) and charged polymeric carriers are under investigation f...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Conjugates between photosensitisers (PS) and charged polymeric carriers are under investigation for photodynamic therapy of cancer and may allow targeting to certain cell types or compartments in tumours. Covalent attachment of polyethylene glycol to macromolecules (pegylation) may alter their pharmacokinetics, cell type targeting, and photophysical properties. Macrophages may take up large amounts of aggregated PS, thus lessening the selectivity for cancer cells in tumours. We investigated the effect of pegylation on the uptake and phototoxicity of poly-L-lysine chlorin e6 conjugates with either cationic or anionic charges in two cell lines, human ovarian cancer cells and mouse macrophages. The cationic conjugate after pegylation became less aggregated, consumed less oxygen and had reduced cellular uptake. However, the phototoxicity corrected for cellular uptake increased three-to five-fold. In contrast, the anionic succinylated conjugate on pegylation became more aggregated, consumed similar amounts of oxygen, and had higher cellular uptake. The anionic conjugate showed the highest relative phototoxicity towards both the cell lines (compared to the other three conjugates) and it decreased most towards the macrophages after pegylation. Pegylation reduced the amount of oxygen consumed per chlorin e6 molecule when photosensitised cells were illuminated. These in vitro studies suggest that pegylation alters the phototoxicity of PS conjugates depending on the effect produced on the aggregation state.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="309e92b0e6d2010ec52aac80c73b9456" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":51834451,"asset_id":31483179,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/51834451/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="31483179"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="31483179"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 31483179; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=31483179]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=31483179]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 31483179; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='31483179']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "309e92b0e6d2010ec52aac80c73b9456" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=31483179]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":31483179,"title":"Pegylation of charged polymer-photosensitiser conjugates: Effects on photodynamic efficacy","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/31483179/Pegylation_of_charged_polymer_photosensitiser_conjugates_Effects_on_photodynamic_efficacy","owner_id":6579980,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":6579980,"first_name":"Jaimie","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Miller-Friedmann","page_name":"JaimieMillerFriedmann","domain_name":"oxford","created_at":"2013-11-03T17:20:42.523-08:00","display_name":"Jaimie Miller-Friedmann","url":"https://oxford.academia.edu/JaimieMillerFriedmann","email":"czU3Ri9Lc1VBQXVQWmJXbDcyUW8rbGNyakRFZVNYemxrZ3htOHg2VzhFdE9hRG9EOWd4RGtXaElMSGFNcVkyeUx5NFhhZTlVRFJXaFJWSFhDek15alE9PS0tZXEva0s1cCtDclhWM2ZjZXdncmpFdz09--262c6bc7030bd29857501e09f30cefe7a511dca1"},"attachments":[{"id":51834451,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/51834451/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Pegylation_of_charged_polymer-photosensi20170217-26695-4bnlm7.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/51834451/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Pegylation_of_charged_polymer_photosensi.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/51834451/Pegylation_of_charged_polymer-photosensi20170217-26695-4bnlm7-libre.pdf?1487329059=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DPegylation_of_charged_polymer_photosensi.pdf\u0026Expires=1740076686\u0026Signature=UqHphbT8Kwnz0BGQUcHCTKDV6laNKMze7xBmr-0EyreaiBf~c9NHzkAg6gX1CcNz9tqlf1byFCT0Df5Nq4HqnOfZgi8hp73npkKRYQFjHMuf0UZMXyhOZZO81pZurgYQ~KkPnzo5WqDD4e~qIcZV2p15k0wxJQdvC4HVNGrean4b9lJvqd4NgHYA6IG1Vz15ghdSm54BX7ElrcNh8gfGwKy-OZjup~V0IZB4qqlGolj4IEaYTK77I6-mG0~7pDssUOQW9amsWF07Ze6ZWY8MMOHaofKIhM1KLlEJdoRDaTlh223hxdsKHJ1~BGl3eAJipfOHwQJX8Bp7dmKGGur3~A__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="33886121"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/33886121/Chitin_and_Chitosan_Production_and_Application_of_Versatile_Biomedical_Nanomaterials"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Chitin and Chitosan: Production and Application of Versatile Biomedical Nanomaterials" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/33886121/Chitin_and_Chitosan_Production_and_Application_of_Versatile_Biomedical_Nanomaterials">Chitin and Chitosan: Production and Application of Versatile Biomedical Nanomaterials</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>International journal of advanced research</span><span>, 2016</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Chitin is the most abundant aminopolysaccharide polymer occurring in nature, and is the building ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Chitin is the most abundant aminopolysaccharide polymer occurring in nature, and is the building material that gives strength to the exoskeletons of crustaceans, insects, and the cell walls of fungi. Through enzymatic or chemical deacetylation, chitin can be converted to its most well-known derivative, chitosan. The main natural sources of chitin are shrimp and crab shells, which are an abundant byproduct of the food-processing industry, that provides large quantities of this biopolymer to be used in biomedical applications. In living chitin-synthesizing organisms, the synthesis and degradation of chitin require strict enzymatic control to maintain homeostasis. Chitin synthase, the pivotal enzyme in the chitin synthesis pathway, uses UDP-N-acetylglucosamine (UDPGlcNAc), produce the chitin polymer, whereas, chitinase enzymes degrade chitin. Bacteria are considered as the major mediators of chitin degradation in nature. Chitin and chitosan, owing to their unique biochemical properties...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="33886121"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="33886121"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 33886121; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=33886121]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=33886121]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 33886121; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='33886121']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=33886121]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":33886121,"title":"Chitin and Chitosan: Production and Application of Versatile Biomedical Nanomaterials","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/33886121/Chitin_and_Chitosan_Production_and_Application_of_Versatile_Biomedical_Nanomaterials","owner_id":31841740,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":31841740,"first_name":"Michael","middle_initials":"","last_name":"Hamblin","page_name":"MichaelHamblin","domain_name":"hms-harvard","created_at":"2015-06-03T12:56:46.943-07:00","display_name":"Michael Hamblin","url":"https://hms-harvard.academia.edu/MichaelHamblin"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="33886120"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/33886120/Infrared_radiative_properties_and_thermal_modeling_of_ceramic_embedded_textile_fabrics"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Infrared radiative properties and thermal modeling of ceramic-embedded textile fabrics" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/33886120/Infrared_radiative_properties_and_thermal_modeling_of_ceramic_embedded_textile_fabrics">Infrared radiative properties and thermal modeling of ceramic-embedded textile fabrics</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Biomedical optics express</span><span>, 2017</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The infrared optical properties of textiles are of great importance in numerous applications, inc...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The infrared optical properties of textiles are of great importance in numerous applications, including infrared therapy and body thermoregulation. Tuning the spectral response of fabrics by the engineering of composite textile materials can produce fabrics targeted for use in these applications. We present spectroscopic data for engineered polyester fabric containing varying amounts of ceramic microparticles within the fiber core and report a spectrally-dependent shift in infrared reflectance, transmittance and absorptance. A thermal transport model is subsequently implemented to study the effect of these modified properties on the spectral distribution of infrared radiation incident upon the wearer of a garment constructed of this fabric.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="33886120"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="33886120"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 33886120; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=33886120]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=33886120]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 33886120; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='33886120']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=33886120]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":33886120,"title":"Infrared radiative properties and thermal modeling of ceramic-embedded textile fabrics","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/33886120/Infrared_radiative_properties_and_thermal_modeling_of_ceramic_embedded_textile_fabrics","owner_id":31841740,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":31841740,"first_name":"Michael","middle_initials":"","last_name":"Hamblin","page_name":"MichaelHamblin","domain_name":"hms-harvard","created_at":"2015-06-03T12:56:46.943-07:00","display_name":"Michael Hamblin","url":"https://hms-harvard.academia.edu/MichaelHamblin"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="33886118"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/33886118/Photobiomodulation_in_human_muscle_tissue_an_advantage_in_sports_performance"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Photobiomodulation in human muscle tissue: an advantage in sports performance?" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/33886118/Photobiomodulation_in_human_muscle_tissue_an_advantage_in_sports_performance">Photobiomodulation in human muscle tissue: an advantage in sports performance?</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Journal of biophotonics</span><span>, 2016</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Photobiomodulation (PBM) describes the use of red or near-infrared (NIR) light to stimulate, heal...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Photobiomodulation (PBM) describes the use of red or near-infrared (NIR) light to stimulate, heal, and regenerate damaged tissue. Both preconditioning (light delivered to muscles before exercise) and PBM applied after exercise can increase sports performance in athletes. This review covers the effects of PBM on human muscle tissue in clinical trials in volunteers related to sports performance and in athletes. The parameters used were categorized into those with positive effects or no effects on muscle performance and recovery. Randomized controlled trials and case-control studies in both healthy trained and untrained participants, and elite athletes were retrieved from MEDLINE up to 2016. Performance metrics included fatigue, number of repetitions, torque, hypertrophy; measures of muscle damage and recovery such as creatine kinase and delayed onset muscle soreness. Searches retrieved 533 studies, of which 46 were included in the review (n = 1045 participants). Studies used single la...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="33886118"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="33886118"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 33886118; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=33886118]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=33886118]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 33886118; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='33886118']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=33886118]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":33886118,"title":"Photobiomodulation in human muscle tissue: an advantage in sports performance?","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/33886118/Photobiomodulation_in_human_muscle_tissue_an_advantage_in_sports_performance","owner_id":31841740,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":31841740,"first_name":"Michael","middle_initials":"","last_name":"Hamblin","page_name":"MichaelHamblin","domain_name":"hms-harvard","created_at":"2015-06-03T12:56:46.943-07:00","display_name":"Michael Hamblin","url":"https://hms-harvard.academia.edu/MichaelHamblin"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="33886117"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/33886117/Photobiomodulation_or_low_level_laser_therapy"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Photobiomodulation or low-level laser therapy" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/33886117/Photobiomodulation_or_low_level_laser_therapy">Photobiomodulation or low-level laser therapy</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Journal of biophotonics</span><span>, 2016</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="33886117"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="33886117"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 33886117; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=33886117]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=33886117]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 33886117; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='33886117']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=33886117]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":33886117,"title":"Photobiomodulation or low-level laser therapy","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/33886117/Photobiomodulation_or_low_level_laser_therapy","owner_id":31841740,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":31841740,"first_name":"Michael","middle_initials":"","last_name":"Hamblin","page_name":"MichaelHamblin","domain_name":"hms-harvard","created_at":"2015-06-03T12:56:46.943-07:00","display_name":"Michael Hamblin","url":"https://hms-harvard.academia.edu/MichaelHamblin"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="33886116"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/33886116/Significant_Improvement_in_Cognition_in_Mild_to_Moderately_Severe_Dementia_Cases_Treated_with_Transcranial_Plus_Intranasal_Photobiomodulation_Case_Series_Report"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Significant Improvement in Cognition in Mild to Moderately Severe Dementia Cases Treated with Transcranial Plus Intranasal Photobiomodulation: Case Series Report" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/33886116/Significant_Improvement_in_Cognition_in_Mild_to_Moderately_Severe_Dementia_Cases_Treated_with_Transcranial_Plus_Intranasal_Photobiomodulation_Case_Series_Report">Significant Improvement in Cognition in Mild to Moderately Severe Dementia Cases Treated with Transcranial Plus Intranasal Photobiomodulation: Case Series Report</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Photomedicine and laser surgery</span><span>, Jan 10, 2017</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">This study investigated whether patients with mild to moderately severe dementia or possible Alzh...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">This study investigated whether patients with mild to moderately severe dementia or possible Alzheimer&#39;s disease (AD) with Mini-Mental State Exam (MMSE) Baseline scores of 10-24 would improve when treated with near-infrared photobiomodulation (PBM) therapy. Animal studies have presented the potential of PBM for AD. Dysregulation of the brain&#39;s default mode network (DMN) has been associated with AD, presenting the DMN as an identifiable target for PBM. The study used 810 nm, 10 Hz pulsed, light-emitting diode devices combining transcranial plus intranasal PBM to treat the cortical nodes of the DMN (bilateral mesial prefrontal cortex, precuneus/posterior cingulate cortex, angular gyrus, and hippocampus). Five patients with mild to moderately severe cognitive impairment were entered into 12 weeks of active treatment as well as a follow-up no-treatment, 4-week period. Patients were assessed with the MMSE and Alzheimer&#39;s Disease Assessment Scale (ADAS-cog) tests. The protocol...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="33886116"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="33886116"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 33886116; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=33886116]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=33886116]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 33886116; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='33886116']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=33886116]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":33886116,"title":"Significant Improvement in Cognition in Mild to Moderately Severe Dementia Cases Treated with Transcranial Plus Intranasal Photobiomodulation: Case Series Report","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/33886116/Significant_Improvement_in_Cognition_in_Mild_to_Moderately_Severe_Dementia_Cases_Treated_with_Transcranial_Plus_Intranasal_Photobiomodulation_Case_Series_Report","owner_id":31841740,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":31841740,"first_name":"Michael","middle_initials":"","last_name":"Hamblin","page_name":"MichaelHamblin","domain_name":"hms-harvard","created_at":"2015-06-03T12:56:46.943-07:00","display_name":"Michael Hamblin","url":"https://hms-harvard.academia.edu/MichaelHamblin"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="33886115"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/33886115/Visible_Blue_Light_is_Capable_of_Inactivating_Candida_albicans_and_Other_Fungal_Species"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Visible Blue Light is Capable of Inactivating Candida albicans and Other Fungal Species" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/33886115/Visible_Blue_Light_is_Capable_of_Inactivating_Candida_albicans_and_Other_Fungal_Species">Visible Blue Light is Capable of Inactivating Candida albicans and Other Fungal Species</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Photomedicine and laser surgery</span><span>, 2017</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="33886115"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="33886115"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 33886115; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=33886115]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=33886115]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 33886115; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='33886115']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=33886115]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":33886115,"title":"Visible Blue Light is Capable of Inactivating Candida albicans and Other Fungal Species","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/33886115/Visible_Blue_Light_is_Capable_of_Inactivating_Candida_albicans_and_Other_Fungal_Species","owner_id":31841740,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":31841740,"first_name":"Michael","middle_initials":"","last_name":"Hamblin","page_name":"MichaelHamblin","domain_name":"hms-harvard","created_at":"2015-06-03T12:56:46.943-07:00","display_name":"Michael Hamblin","url":"https://hms-harvard.academia.edu/MichaelHamblin"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="33886114"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/33886114/Current_Advances_in_5_Aminolevulinic_Acid_Mediated_Photodynamic_Therapy"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Current Advances in 5-Aminolevulinic Acid Mediated Photodynamic Therapy" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/33886114/Current_Advances_in_5_Aminolevulinic_Acid_Mediated_Photodynamic_Therapy">Current Advances in 5-Aminolevulinic Acid Mediated Photodynamic Therapy</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Current dermatology reports</span><span>, 2016</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Kennedy and Pottier discovered that photodynamic therapy (PDT) could be carried out using a proce...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Kennedy and Pottier discovered that photodynamic therapy (PDT) could be carried out using a procedure consisting of topical application of the porphyrin-precursor, 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) to the skin, followed after some time by illumination with various light parameters in the 1980s. Since then, ALA-PDT has expanded enormously and now covers most aspects of dermatological disease. The purpose of this review is to discuss a range of ingenious strategies that investigators have devised for improving the overall outcome (higher efficiency and lower side effects) of ALA-PDT. The big advance of using ALA esters instead of the free acid to improve skin penetration was conceived in the 1990s. A variety of more recent innovative approaches can be divided into three broad groups: (a) those relying on improving delivery or penetration of ALA into the skin; (b) those relying on ways to increase the synthesis of protoporphyrin IX inside the skin; (c) those relying on modification of the il...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="33886114"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="33886114"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 33886114; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=33886114]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=33886114]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 33886114; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='33886114']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=33886114]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":33886114,"title":"Current Advances in 5-Aminolevulinic Acid Mediated Photodynamic Therapy","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/33886114/Current_Advances_in_5_Aminolevulinic_Acid_Mediated_Photodynamic_Therapy","owner_id":31841740,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":31841740,"first_name":"Michael","middle_initials":"","last_name":"Hamblin","page_name":"MichaelHamblin","domain_name":"hms-harvard","created_at":"2015-06-03T12:56:46.943-07:00","display_name":"Michael Hamblin","url":"https://hms-harvard.academia.edu/MichaelHamblin"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="33886113"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/33886113/Plant_protein_based_hydrophobic_fine_and_ultrafine_carrier_particles_in_drug_delivery_systems"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Plant protein-based hydrophobic fine and ultrafine carrier particles in drug delivery systems" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/33886113/Plant_protein_based_hydrophobic_fine_and_ultrafine_carrier_particles_in_drug_delivery_systems">Plant protein-based hydrophobic fine and ultrafine carrier particles in drug delivery systems</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Critical reviews in biotechnology</span><span>, Jan 24, 2017</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">For thousands of years, plants and their products have been used as the mainstay of medicinal the...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">For thousands of years, plants and their products have been used as the mainstay of medicinal therapy. In recent years, besides attempts to isolate the active ingredients of medicinal plants, other new applications of plant products, such as their use to prepare drug delivery vehicles, have been discovered. Nanobiotechnology is a branch of pharmacology that can provide new approaches for drug delivery by the preparation of biocompatible carrier nanoparticles (NPs). In this article, we review recent studies with four important plant proteins that have been used as carriers for targeted delivery of drugs and genes. Zein is a water-insoluble protein from maize; Gliadin is a 70% alcohol-soluble protein from wheat and corn; legumin is a casein-like protein from leguminous seeds such as peas; lectins are glycoproteins naturally occurring in many plants that recognize specific carbohydrate residues. NPs formed from these proteins show good biocompatibility, possess the ability to enhance s...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="33886113"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="33886113"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 33886113; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=33886113]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=33886113]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 33886113; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='33886113']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=33886113]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":33886113,"title":"Plant protein-based hydrophobic fine and ultrafine carrier particles in drug delivery systems","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/33886113/Plant_protein_based_hydrophobic_fine_and_ultrafine_carrier_particles_in_drug_delivery_systems","owner_id":31841740,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":31841740,"first_name":"Michael","middle_initials":"","last_name":"Hamblin","page_name":"MichaelHamblin","domain_name":"hms-harvard","created_at":"2015-06-03T12:56:46.943-07:00","display_name":"Michael Hamblin","url":"https://hms-harvard.academia.edu/MichaelHamblin"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="33886112"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/33886112/Photobiomodulation_leads_to_enhanced_radiosensitivity_through_induction_of_apoptosis_and_autophagy_in_human_cervical_cancer_cells"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Photobiomodulation leads to enhanced radiosensitivity through induction of apoptosis and autophagy in human cervical cancer cells" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/33886112/Photobiomodulation_leads_to_enhanced_radiosensitivity_through_induction_of_apoptosis_and_autophagy_in_human_cervical_cancer_cells">Photobiomodulation leads to enhanced radiosensitivity through induction of apoptosis and autophagy in human cervical cancer cells</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Journal of biophotonics</span><span>, Jan 2, 2017</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The radiomodulatory effect of photobiomodulation (PBM) has recently been studied in cancer cells....</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The radiomodulatory effect of photobiomodulation (PBM) has recently been studied in cancer cells. The aim of this study was to investigate cellular mechanisms involved in the X-ray radiosensitivity of HeLa cells pre-exposed to PBM. HeLa cells were irradiated with 685 nm laser at different energy densities prior to X-ray ionizing radiation. After irradiation, clonogenic cell survival, cell death due to apoptosis and autophagy were determined. Levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), DNA damage and, cell cycle distribution after PBM were measured. PBM at different energy densities (5-20 J/cm(2) ) was not cytotoxic. However, HeLa cells pre-exposed to 20 J/cm(2) showed enhanced inhibition of colony formation following ionizing radiation. Enhanced radiosensitivity was due to increased oxidative stress, DNA damage, and radiation-induced apoptosis and autophagy. These results suggest that 685 nm PBM at a higher energy density could possibly be a promising radiosensitizing age...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="33886112"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="33886112"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 33886112; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=33886112]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=33886112]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 33886112; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='33886112']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=33886112]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":33886112,"title":"Photobiomodulation leads to enhanced radiosensitivity through induction of apoptosis and autophagy in human cervical cancer cells","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/33886112/Photobiomodulation_leads_to_enhanced_radiosensitivity_through_induction_of_apoptosis_and_autophagy_in_human_cervical_cancer_cells","owner_id":31841740,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":31841740,"first_name":"Michael","middle_initials":"","last_name":"Hamblin","page_name":"MichaelHamblin","domain_name":"hms-harvard","created_at":"2015-06-03T12:56:46.943-07:00","display_name":"Michael Hamblin","url":"https://hms-harvard.academia.edu/MichaelHamblin"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="33886111"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/33886111/_em_In_Vivo_em_Investigation_of_Antimicrobial_Blue_Light_Therapy_for_Multidrug_resistant_em_Acinetobacter_baumannii_em_Burn_Infections_Using_Bioluminescence_Imaging"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of <em>In Vivo</em> Investigation of Antimicrobial Blue Light Therapy for Multidrug-resistant <em>Acinetobacter baumannii</em> Burn Infections Using Bioluminescence Imaging" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/33886111/_em_In_Vivo_em_Investigation_of_Antimicrobial_Blue_Light_Therapy_for_Multidrug_resistant_em_Acinetobacter_baumannii_em_Burn_Infections_Using_Bioluminescence_Imaging"><em>In Vivo</em> Investigation of Antimicrobial Blue Light Therapy for Multidrug-resistant <em>Acinetobacter baumannii</em> Burn Infections Using Bioluminescence Imaging</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Journal of Visualized Experiments</span><span>, 2017</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Burn infections continue to be an important cause of morbidity and mortality. The increasing emer...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Burn infections continue to be an important cause of morbidity and mortality. The increasing emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria has led to the frequent failure of traditional antibiotic treatments. Alternative therapeutics are urgently needed to tackle MDR bacteria. An innovative non-antibiotic approach, antimicrobial blue light (aBL), has shown promising effectiveness against MDR infections. The mechanism of action of aBL is not yet well understood. It is commonly hypothesized that naturally occurring endogenous photosensitizing chromophores in bacteria (e.g., iron-free porphyrins, flavins, etc.) are excited by aBL, which in turn produces cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) through a photochemical process. Unlike another light-based antimicrobial approach, antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT), aBL therapy does not require the involvement of an exogenous photosensitizer. All it needs to take effect is the irradiation of blue light; therefore, it is simple and inexpensive. The aBL receptors are the endogenous cellular photosensitizers in bacteria, rather than the DNA. Thus, aBL is believed to be much less genotoxic to host cells than ultraviolet-C (UVC) irradiation, which directly causes DNA damage in host cells. In this paper, we present a protocol to assess the effectiveness of aBL therapy for MDR Acinetobacter baumannii infections in a mouse model of burn injury. By using an engineered bioluminescent strain, we were able to noninvasively monitor the extent of infection in real time in living animals. This technique is also an effective tool for monitoring the spatial distribution of infections in animals.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="33886111"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="33886111"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 33886111; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=33886111]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=33886111]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 33886111; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='33886111']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=33886111]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":33886111,"title":"\u003cem\u003eIn Vivo\u003c/em\u003e Investigation of Antimicrobial Blue Light Therapy for Multidrug-resistant \u003cem\u003eAcinetobacter baumannii\u003c/em\u003e Burn Infections Using Bioluminescence Imaging","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/33886111/_em_In_Vivo_em_Investigation_of_Antimicrobial_Blue_Light_Therapy_for_Multidrug_resistant_em_Acinetobacter_baumannii_em_Burn_Infections_Using_Bioluminescence_Imaging","owner_id":31841740,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":31841740,"first_name":"Michael","middle_initials":"","last_name":"Hamblin","page_name":"MichaelHamblin","domain_name":"hms-harvard","created_at":"2015-06-03T12:56:46.943-07:00","display_name":"Michael Hamblin","url":"https://hms-harvard.academia.edu/MichaelHamblin"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="33886110"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/33886110/Design_features_for_optimization_of_tetrapyrrole_macrocycles_as_antimicrobial_and_anticancer_photosensitizers"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Design features for optimization of tetrapyrrole macrocycles as antimicrobial and anticancer photosensitizers" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/33886110/Design_features_for_optimization_of_tetrapyrrole_macrocycles_as_antimicrobial_and_anticancer_photosensitizers">Design features for optimization of tetrapyrrole macrocycles as antimicrobial and anticancer photosensitizers</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Chemical Biology & Drug Design</span><span>, 2017</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Photodynamic therapy (PDT) uses non-toxic dyes called photosensitizers (PS) and harmless visible ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Photodynamic therapy (PDT) uses non-toxic dyes called photosensitizers (PS) and harmless visible light that combine to form highly toxic reactive oxygen species that kill cells. Originally, a cancer therapy, PDT, now includes applications for infections. The most widely studied PS are tetrapyrrole macrocycles including porphyrins, chlorins, bacteriochlorins, and phthalocyanines. The present review covers the design features in PS that can work together to maximize the PDT activity for various disease targets. Photophysical and photochemical properties include the wavelength and size of the long-wavelength absorption peak (for good light penetration into tissue), the triplet quantum yield and lifetime, and the propensity to undergo type I (electron transfer) or type II (energy transfer) photochemical mechanisms. The central metal in the tetrapyrrole macrocycle has a strong influence on the PDT activity. Hydrophobicity and charge are important factors that govern interactions with various types of cells (cancer and microbial) in vitro and the pharmacokinetics and biodistribution in vivo. Hydrophobic structures tend to be water insoluble and require a drug delivery vehicle for maximal activity. Molecular asymmetry and amphiphilicity are also important for high activity. In vivo some structures possess the ability to selectively accumulate in tumors and to localize in the tumor microvasculature producing vascular shutdown after illumination.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="33886110"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="33886110"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 33886110; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=33886110]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=33886110]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 33886110; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='33886110']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=33886110]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":33886110,"title":"Design features for optimization of tetrapyrrole macrocycles as antimicrobial and anticancer photosensitizers","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/33886110/Design_features_for_optimization_of_tetrapyrrole_macrocycles_as_antimicrobial_and_anticancer_photosensitizers","owner_id":31841740,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":31841740,"first_name":"Michael","middle_initials":"","last_name":"Hamblin","page_name":"MichaelHamblin","domain_name":"hms-harvard","created_at":"2015-06-03T12:56:46.943-07:00","display_name":"Michael Hamblin","url":"https://hms-harvard.academia.edu/MichaelHamblin"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="33886109"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/33886109/Photoantimicrobials_are_we_afraid_of_the_light"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Photoantimicrobials—are we afraid of the light?" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/33886109/Photoantimicrobials_are_we_afraid_of_the_light">Photoantimicrobials—are we afraid of the light?</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>The Lancet Infectious Diseases</span><span>, 2017</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Although conventional antimicrobial drugs have been viewed as miraculous cure-alls for the past 8...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Although conventional antimicrobial drugs have been viewed as miraculous cure-alls for the past 80 years, increasing antimicrobial drug resistance requires a major and rapid intervention. However, the development of novel but still conventional systemic antimicrobial agents, having only a single mode or site of action, will not alleviate the situation because it is probably only a matter of time until any such agents will also become ineffective. To continue to produce new agents based on this notion is unacceptable, and there is an increasing need for alternative approaches to the problem. By contrast, light-activated molecules called photoantimicrobials act locally via the in-situ production of highly reactive oxygen species, which simultaneously attack various biomolecular sites in the pathogenic target and therefore offer both multiple and variable sites of action. This non-specificity at the target circumvents conventional mechanisms of resistance and inhibits the development of resistance to the agents themselves. Photoantimicrobial therapy is safe and easy to implement and, unlike conventional agents, the activity spectrum of photoantimicrobials covers bacteria, fungi, viruses, and protozoa. However, clinical trials of these new, truly broad-spectrum, and minimally toxic agents have been few, and the funding for research and development is almost non-existent. Photoantimicrobials constitute one of the few ways forward through the morass of drug-resistant infectious disease and should be fully explored. In this Personal View, we raise awareness of the novel photoantimicrobial technologies that offer a viable alternative to conventional drugs in many relevant application fields, and could thus slow the pace of resistance development.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="33886109"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="33886109"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 33886109; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=33886109]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=33886109]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 33886109; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='33886109']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=33886109]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":33886109,"title":"Photoantimicrobials—are we afraid of the light?","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/33886109/Photoantimicrobials_are_we_afraid_of_the_light","owner_id":31841740,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":31841740,"first_name":"Michael","middle_initials":"","last_name":"Hamblin","page_name":"MichaelHamblin","domain_name":"hms-harvard","created_at":"2015-06-03T12:56:46.943-07:00","display_name":"Michael Hamblin","url":"https://hms-harvard.academia.edu/MichaelHamblin"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="33886108"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/33886108/Sodium_ascorbate_kills_Candida_albicans_in_vitro_via_iron_catalyzed_Fenton_reaction_importance_of_oxygenation_and_metabolism"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Sodium ascorbate kills Candida albicans in vitro via iron-catalyzed Fenton reaction: importance of oxygenation and metabolism" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/33886108/Sodium_ascorbate_kills_Candida_albicans_in_vitro_via_iron_catalyzed_Fenton_reaction_importance_of_oxygenation_and_metabolism">Sodium ascorbate kills Candida albicans in vitro via iron-catalyzed Fenton reaction: importance of oxygenation and metabolism</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Future microbiology</span><span>, 2016</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Ascorbate can inhibit growth and even decrease viability of various microbial species including C...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Ascorbate can inhibit growth and even decrease viability of various microbial species including Candida albicans. However the optimum conditions and the mechanism of action are unclear. Materials/methodology: Candida albicans shaken for 90 min in a buffered solution of ascorbate (90 mM) gave a 5-log reduction of cell viability, while there was no killing without shaking, in growth media with different carbon sources or at 4°C. Killing was inhibited by the iron chelator 2,2&#39;-bipyridyl. Hydroxyphenyl fluorescein probe showed the intracellular generation of hydroxyl radicals. Ascorbate-mediated killing of C. albicans depends on oxygenation and metabolism, involves iron-catalyzed generation of hydroxyl radicals via Fenton reaction and depletion of intracellular NADH. Ascorbate could serve as a component of a topical antifungal therapy.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="33886108"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="33886108"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 33886108; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=33886108]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=33886108]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 33886108; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='33886108']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=33886108]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":33886108,"title":"Sodium ascorbate kills Candida albicans in vitro via iron-catalyzed Fenton reaction: importance of oxygenation and metabolism","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/33886108/Sodium_ascorbate_kills_Candida_albicans_in_vitro_via_iron_catalyzed_Fenton_reaction_importance_of_oxygenation_and_metabolism","owner_id":31841740,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":31841740,"first_name":"Michael","middle_initials":"","last_name":"Hamblin","page_name":"MichaelHamblin","domain_name":"hms-harvard","created_at":"2015-06-03T12:56:46.943-07:00","display_name":"Michael Hamblin","url":"https://hms-harvard.academia.edu/MichaelHamblin"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="33886107"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/33886107/Antimicrobial_Blue_Light_Therapy_for_Infectious_Keratitis_Ex_Vivo_and_In_Vivo_Studies"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Antimicrobial Blue Light Therapy for Infectious Keratitis: Ex Vivo and In Vivo Studies" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/33886107/Antimicrobial_Blue_Light_Therapy_for_Infectious_Keratitis_Ex_Vivo_and_In_Vivo_Studies">Antimicrobial Blue Light Therapy for Infectious Keratitis: Ex Vivo and In Vivo Studies</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Investigative ophthalmology & visual science</span><span>, 2017</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">To investigate the effectiveness of antimicrobial blue light (aBL) as an alternative or adjunctiv...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">To investigate the effectiveness of antimicrobial blue light (aBL) as an alternative or adjunctive therapeutic for infectious keratitis. We developed an ex vivo rabbit model and an in vivo mouse model of infectious keratitis. A bioluminescent strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa was used as the causative pathogen, allowing noninvasive monitoring of the extent of infection in real time via bioluminescence imaging. Quantitation of bacterial luminescence was correlated to colony-forming units (CFU). Using the ex vivo and in vivo models, the effectiveness of aBL (415 nm) for the treatment of keratitis was evaluated as a function of radiant exposure when aBL was delivered at 6 or 24 hours after bacterial inoculation. The aBL exposures calculated to reach the retina were compared to the American National Standards Institute standards to estimate aBL retinal safety. Pseudomonas aeruginosa keratitis fully developed in both the ex vivo and in vivo models at 24 hours post inoculation. Bacterial l...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="33886107"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="33886107"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 33886107; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=33886107]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=33886107]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 33886107; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='33886107']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=33886107]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":33886107,"title":"Antimicrobial Blue Light Therapy for Infectious Keratitis: Ex Vivo and In Vivo Studies","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/33886107/Antimicrobial_Blue_Light_Therapy_for_Infectious_Keratitis_Ex_Vivo_and_In_Vivo_Studies","owner_id":31841740,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":31841740,"first_name":"Michael","middle_initials":"","last_name":"Hamblin","page_name":"MichaelHamblin","domain_name":"hms-harvard","created_at":"2015-06-03T12:56:46.943-07:00","display_name":"Michael Hamblin","url":"https://hms-harvard.academia.edu/MichaelHamblin"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="33886106"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/33886106/Transcranial_Red_Near_Infrared_Light_Emitting_Diode_Therapy_to_Improve_Cognition_in_Chronic_Traumatic_Brain_Injury"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Transcranial, Red/Near-Infrared Light-Emitting Diode Therapy to Improve Cognition in Chronic Traumatic Brain Injury" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/33886106/Transcranial_Red_Near_Infrared_Light_Emitting_Diode_Therapy_to_Improve_Cognition_in_Chronic_Traumatic_Brain_Injury">Transcranial, Red/Near-Infrared Light-Emitting Diode Therapy to Improve Cognition in Chronic Traumatic Brain Injury</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Photomedicine and laser surgery</span><span>, 2016</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">We review the general topic of traumatic brain injury (TBI) and our research utilizing transcrani...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">We review the general topic of traumatic brain injury (TBI) and our research utilizing transcranial photobiomodulation (tPBM) to improve cognition in chronic TBI using red/near-infrared (NIR) light-emitting diodes (LEDs) to deliver light to the head. tPBM improves mitochondrial function increasing oxygen consumption, production of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and improving cellular energy stores. Nitric oxide is released from the cells increasing regional blood flow in the brain. Review of published studies: In our previously published study, 11 chronic TBI patients with closed-head TBI caused by different accidents (motor vehicle accident, sports-related, improvised explosive device blast injury) and exhibiting long-lasting cognitive dysfunction received 18 outpatient treatments (Monday, Wednesday, Friday for 6 weeks) starting at 10 months to 8 years post-TBI. LED therapy is nonthermal, painless, and noninvasive. An LED-based device classified as nonsignificant risk (FDA cleared) ...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="33886106"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="33886106"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 33886106; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=33886106]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=33886106]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 33886106; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='33886106']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=33886106]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":33886106,"title":"Transcranial, Red/Near-Infrared Light-Emitting Diode Therapy to Improve Cognition in Chronic Traumatic Brain Injury","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/33886106/Transcranial_Red_Near_Infrared_Light_Emitting_Diode_Therapy_to_Improve_Cognition_in_Chronic_Traumatic_Brain_Injury","owner_id":31841740,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":31841740,"first_name":"Michael","middle_initials":"","last_name":"Hamblin","page_name":"MichaelHamblin","domain_name":"hms-harvard","created_at":"2015-06-03T12:56:46.943-07:00","display_name":"Michael Hamblin","url":"https://hms-harvard.academia.edu/MichaelHamblin"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="33886105"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/33886105/Sonodynamic_inactivation_of_Gram_positive_and_Gram_negative_bacteria_using_a_Rose_Bengal_antimicrobial_peptide_conjugate"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Sonodynamic inactivation of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria using a Rose Bengal–antimicrobial peptide conjugate" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/33886105/Sonodynamic_inactivation_of_Gram_positive_and_Gram_negative_bacteria_using_a_Rose_Bengal_antimicrobial_peptide_conjugate">Sonodynamic inactivation of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria using a Rose Bengal–antimicrobial peptide conjugate</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents</span><span>, 2016</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Combating antimicrobial resistance is one of the most serious public health challenges facing soc...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Combating antimicrobial resistance is one of the most serious public health challenges facing society today. The development of new antibiotics or alternative techniques that can help combat antimicrobial resistance is being prioritised by many governments and stakeholders across the globe. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy is one such technique that has received considerable attention but is limited by the inability of light to penetrate through human tissue, reducing its effectiveness when used to treat deep-seated infections. The related technique sonodynamic therapy (SDT) has the potential to overcome this limitation given the ability of low-intensity ultrasound to penetrate human tissue. In this study, a Rose Bengal-antimicrobial peptide conjugate was prepared for use in antimicrobial SDT (ASDT). When Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa planktonic cultures were treated with the conjugate and subsequently exposed to ultrasound, 5 log and 7 log reductions, respectively, in bacterial numbers were observed. The conjugate also displayed improved uptake by bacterial cells compared with a mammalian cell line (P ≤ 0.01), whilst pre-treatment of a P. aeruginosa biofilm with ultrasound resulted in a 2.6-fold improvement in sensitiser diffusion (P ≤ 0.01). A preliminary in vivo experiment involving ASDT treatment of P. aeruginosa-infected wounds in mice demonstrated that ultrasound irradiation of conjugate-treated wounds affects a substantial reduction in bacterial burden. Combined, the results obtained from this study highlight ASDT as a targeted broad-spectrum novel modality with potential for the treatment of deep-seated bacterial infections.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="33886105"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="33886105"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 33886105; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=33886105]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=33886105]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 33886105; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='33886105']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); 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</script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="33886104"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/33886104/Synthesis_of_myo_inositol_phosphates_and_analogues_using_a_phosphite_chemistry_approach"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Synthesis of myo -inositol phosphates and analogues using a phosphite chemistry approach" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/33886104/Synthesis_of_myo_inositol_phosphates_and_analogues_using_a_phosphite_chemistry_approach">Synthesis of myo -inositol phosphates and analogues using a phosphite chemistry approach</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Biochemical Society Transactions</span><span>, 1987</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="33886104"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="33886104"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 33886104; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=33886104]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=33886104]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 33886104; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='33886104']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=33886104]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":33886104,"title":"Synthesis of myo -inositol phosphates and analogues using a phosphite chemistry approach","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/33886104/Synthesis_of_myo_inositol_phosphates_and_analogues_using_a_phosphite_chemistry_approach","owner_id":31841740,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":31841740,"first_name":"Michael","middle_initials":"","last_name":"Hamblin","page_name":"MichaelHamblin","domain_name":"hms-harvard","created_at":"2015-06-03T12:56:46.943-07:00","display_name":"Michael Hamblin","url":"https://hms-harvard.academia.edu/MichaelHamblin"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="33886103"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/33886103/Photobiomodulation_blue_and_green_light_encourages_osteoblastic_differentiation_of_human_adipose_derived_stem_cells_role_of_intracellular_calcium_and_light_gated_ion_channels"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Photobiomodulation (blue and green light) encourages osteoblastic-differentiation of human adipose-derived stem cells: role of intracellular calcium and light-gated ion channels" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/33886103/Photobiomodulation_blue_and_green_light_encourages_osteoblastic_differentiation_of_human_adipose_derived_stem_cells_role_of_intracellular_calcium_and_light_gated_ion_channels">Photobiomodulation (blue and green light) encourages osteoblastic-differentiation of human adipose-derived stem cells: role of intracellular calcium and light-gated ion channels</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Scientific reports</span><span>, Jan 21, 2016</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Human adipose-derived stem cells (hASCs) have the potential to differentiate into several differe...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Human adipose-derived stem cells (hASCs) have the potential to differentiate into several different cell types including osteoblasts. Photobiomodulation (PBM) or low level laser therapy (LLLT) using red or near-infrared wavelengths has been reported to have effects on both proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of stem cells. We examined the effects of delivering four different wavelengths (420 nm, 540 nm, 660 nm, 810 nm) at the same dose (3 J/cm(2)) five times (every two days) on hASCs cultured in osteogenic medium over three weeks. We measured expression of the following transcription factors by RUNX2, osterix, and the osteoblast protein, osteocalcin. The 420 nm and 540 nm wavelengths were more effective in stimulating osteoblast differentiation compared to 660 nm and 810 nm. Intracellular calcium was higher after 420 nm and 540 nm, and could be inhibited by capsazepine and SKF96365, which also inhibited osteogenic differentiation. We hypothesize that activation of light-gat...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="33886103"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="33886103"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 33886103; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=33886103]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=33886103]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 33886103; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='33886103']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=33886103]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":33886103,"title":"Photobiomodulation (blue and green light) encourages osteoblastic-differentiation of human adipose-derived stem cells: role of intracellular calcium and light-gated ion channels","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/33886103/Photobiomodulation_blue_and_green_light_encourages_osteoblastic_differentiation_of_human_adipose_derived_stem_cells_role_of_intracellular_calcium_and_light_gated_ion_channels","owner_id":31841740,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":31841740,"first_name":"Michael","middle_initials":"","last_name":"Hamblin","page_name":"MichaelHamblin","domain_name":"hms-harvard","created_at":"2015-06-03T12:56:46.943-07:00","display_name":"Michael Hamblin","url":"https://hms-harvard.academia.edu/MichaelHamblin"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="33886102"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/33886102/Papain_gel_containing_methylene_blue_for_simultaneous_caries_removal_and_antimicrobial_photoinactivation_against_Streptococcus_mutans_biofilms"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Papain gel containing methylene blue for simultaneous caries removal and antimicrobial photoinactivation against Streptococcus mutans biofilms" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/33886102/Papain_gel_containing_methylene_blue_for_simultaneous_caries_removal_and_antimicrobial_photoinactivation_against_Streptococcus_mutans_biofilms">Papain gel containing methylene blue for simultaneous caries removal and antimicrobial photoinactivation against Streptococcus mutans biofilms</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Scientific Reports</span><span>, 2016</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">This study intended to evaluate the effects of a papain-gel with a red-light absorbing pigment (m...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">This study intended to evaluate the effects of a papain-gel with a red-light absorbing pigment (methylene blue - MB) to mediate photodynamic therapy (PDT) against Streptococcus mutans biofilms. The PapaMBlue was compared with free MB to generate reactive oxygen species using fluorescence probes (SOSG and HPF). PDT (660-nm light) was carried out against S. mutans biofilms grown on either plastic dishes or on collagen membrane and assayed by CFU, live-dead staining using confocal microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and H&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;E staining for collagen films. Cytotoxicity and subcellular localization was studied in human fibroblasts. Sponges of bioabsorbable type I collagen membrane were exposed to papain based gel, irradiated with laser and analyzed about their integrity by ATR-FTIR. The PapaMBlue produced higher amounts of singlet oxygen and hydroxyl radicals than free MB, possibly due to better disaggregation of the dye in solution. The PapaMBlue antimicrobial effects on biofilms proved to be capable of reducing the S. mutans. Both MTT and PrestoBlue assays showed higher cell viability and metabolism scores in fibroblasts treated with PapaMBlue and MB, possibly due to stimulation of mitochondrial activity and that collagen triple helix is unaffected. The PapaMBlue is equally effective as MB in destroying S. mutans biofilms growing on plastic or collagen without affecting fibroblasts.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="33886102"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="33886102"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 33886102; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=33886102]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=33886102]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 33886102; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='33886102']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=33886102]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":33886102,"title":"Papain gel containing methylene blue for simultaneous caries removal and antimicrobial photoinactivation against Streptococcus mutans biofilms","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/33886102/Papain_gel_containing_methylene_blue_for_simultaneous_caries_removal_and_antimicrobial_photoinactivation_against_Streptococcus_mutans_biofilms","owner_id":31841740,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":31841740,"first_name":"Michael","middle_initials":"","last_name":"Hamblin","page_name":"MichaelHamblin","domain_name":"hms-harvard","created_at":"2015-06-03T12:56:46.943-07:00","display_name":"Michael Hamblin","url":"https://hms-harvard.academia.edu/MichaelHamblin"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> </div><div class="profile--tab_content_container js-tab-pane tab-pane" data-section-id="3002311" id="papers"><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="31483179"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/31483179/Pegylation_of_charged_polymer_photosensitiser_conjugates_Effects_on_photodynamic_efficacy"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Pegylation of charged polymer-photosensitiser conjugates: Effects on photodynamic efficacy" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/51834451/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/31483179/Pegylation_of_charged_polymer_photosensitiser_conjugates_Effects_on_photodynamic_efficacy">Pegylation of charged polymer-photosensitiser conjugates: Effects on photodynamic efficacy</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://oxford.academia.edu/JaimieMillerFriedmann">Jaimie Miller-Friedmann</a> and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://hms-harvard.academia.edu/MichaelHamblin">Michael Hamblin</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>British Journal of Cancer</span><span>, 2003</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Conjugates between photosensitisers (PS) and charged polymeric carriers are under investigation f...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Conjugates between photosensitisers (PS) and charged polymeric carriers are under investigation for photodynamic therapy of cancer and may allow targeting to certain cell types or compartments in tumours. Covalent attachment of polyethylene glycol to macromolecules (pegylation) may alter their pharmacokinetics, cell type targeting, and photophysical properties. Macrophages may take up large amounts of aggregated PS, thus lessening the selectivity for cancer cells in tumours. We investigated the effect of pegylation on the uptake and phototoxicity of poly-L-lysine chlorin e6 conjugates with either cationic or anionic charges in two cell lines, human ovarian cancer cells and mouse macrophages. The cationic conjugate after pegylation became less aggregated, consumed less oxygen and had reduced cellular uptake. However, the phototoxicity corrected for cellular uptake increased three-to five-fold. In contrast, the anionic succinylated conjugate on pegylation became more aggregated, consumed similar amounts of oxygen, and had higher cellular uptake. The anionic conjugate showed the highest relative phototoxicity towards both the cell lines (compared to the other three conjugates) and it decreased most towards the macrophages after pegylation. Pegylation reduced the amount of oxygen consumed per chlorin e6 molecule when photosensitised cells were illuminated. These in vitro studies suggest that pegylation alters the phototoxicity of PS conjugates depending on the effect produced on the aggregation state.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="309e92b0e6d2010ec52aac80c73b9456" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":51834451,"asset_id":31483179,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/51834451/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="31483179"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="31483179"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 31483179; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=31483179]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=31483179]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 31483179; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='31483179']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="33886121"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/33886121/Chitin_and_Chitosan_Production_and_Application_of_Versatile_Biomedical_Nanomaterials"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Chitin and Chitosan: Production and Application of Versatile Biomedical Nanomaterials" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/33886121/Chitin_and_Chitosan_Production_and_Application_of_Versatile_Biomedical_Nanomaterials">Chitin and Chitosan: Production and Application of Versatile Biomedical Nanomaterials</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>International journal of advanced research</span><span>, 2016</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Chitin is the most abundant aminopolysaccharide polymer occurring in nature, and is the building ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Chitin is the most abundant aminopolysaccharide polymer occurring in nature, and is the building material that gives strength to the exoskeletons of crustaceans, insects, and the cell walls of fungi. Through enzymatic or chemical deacetylation, chitin can be converted to its most well-known derivative, chitosan. The main natural sources of chitin are shrimp and crab shells, which are an abundant byproduct of the food-processing industry, that provides large quantities of this biopolymer to be used in biomedical applications. In living chitin-synthesizing organisms, the synthesis and degradation of chitin require strict enzymatic control to maintain homeostasis. Chitin synthase, the pivotal enzyme in the chitin synthesis pathway, uses UDP-N-acetylglucosamine (UDPGlcNAc), produce the chitin polymer, whereas, chitinase enzymes degrade chitin. Bacteria are considered as the major mediators of chitin degradation in nature. Chitin and chitosan, owing to their unique biochemical properties...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="33886121"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="33886121"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 33886121; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=33886121]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=33886121]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 33886121; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='33886121']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=33886121]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":33886121,"title":"Chitin and Chitosan: Production and Application of Versatile Biomedical Nanomaterials","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/33886121/Chitin_and_Chitosan_Production_and_Application_of_Versatile_Biomedical_Nanomaterials","owner_id":31841740,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":31841740,"first_name":"Michael","middle_initials":"","last_name":"Hamblin","page_name":"MichaelHamblin","domain_name":"hms-harvard","created_at":"2015-06-03T12:56:46.943-07:00","display_name":"Michael Hamblin","url":"https://hms-harvard.academia.edu/MichaelHamblin"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="33886120"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/33886120/Infrared_radiative_properties_and_thermal_modeling_of_ceramic_embedded_textile_fabrics"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Infrared radiative properties and thermal modeling of ceramic-embedded textile fabrics" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/33886120/Infrared_radiative_properties_and_thermal_modeling_of_ceramic_embedded_textile_fabrics">Infrared radiative properties and thermal modeling of ceramic-embedded textile fabrics</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Biomedical optics express</span><span>, 2017</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The infrared optical properties of textiles are of great importance in numerous applications, inc...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The infrared optical properties of textiles are of great importance in numerous applications, including infrared therapy and body thermoregulation. Tuning the spectral response of fabrics by the engineering of composite textile materials can produce fabrics targeted for use in these applications. We present spectroscopic data for engineered polyester fabric containing varying amounts of ceramic microparticles within the fiber core and report a spectrally-dependent shift in infrared reflectance, transmittance and absorptance. A thermal transport model is subsequently implemented to study the effect of these modified properties on the spectral distribution of infrared radiation incident upon the wearer of a garment constructed of this fabric.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="33886120"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="33886120"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 33886120; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=33886120]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=33886120]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 33886120; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='33886120']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=33886120]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":33886120,"title":"Infrared radiative properties and thermal modeling of ceramic-embedded textile fabrics","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/33886120/Infrared_radiative_properties_and_thermal_modeling_of_ceramic_embedded_textile_fabrics","owner_id":31841740,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":31841740,"first_name":"Michael","middle_initials":"","last_name":"Hamblin","page_name":"MichaelHamblin","domain_name":"hms-harvard","created_at":"2015-06-03T12:56:46.943-07:00","display_name":"Michael Hamblin","url":"https://hms-harvard.academia.edu/MichaelHamblin"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="33886118"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/33886118/Photobiomodulation_in_human_muscle_tissue_an_advantage_in_sports_performance"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Photobiomodulation in human muscle tissue: an advantage in sports performance?" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/33886118/Photobiomodulation_in_human_muscle_tissue_an_advantage_in_sports_performance">Photobiomodulation in human muscle tissue: an advantage in sports performance?</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Journal of biophotonics</span><span>, 2016</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Photobiomodulation (PBM) describes the use of red or near-infrared (NIR) light to stimulate, heal...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Photobiomodulation (PBM) describes the use of red or near-infrared (NIR) light to stimulate, heal, and regenerate damaged tissue. Both preconditioning (light delivered to muscles before exercise) and PBM applied after exercise can increase sports performance in athletes. This review covers the effects of PBM on human muscle tissue in clinical trials in volunteers related to sports performance and in athletes. The parameters used were categorized into those with positive effects or no effects on muscle performance and recovery. Randomized controlled trials and case-control studies in both healthy trained and untrained participants, and elite athletes were retrieved from MEDLINE up to 2016. Performance metrics included fatigue, number of repetitions, torque, hypertrophy; measures of muscle damage and recovery such as creatine kinase and delayed onset muscle soreness. Searches retrieved 533 studies, of which 46 were included in the review (n = 1045 participants). Studies used single la...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="33886118"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="33886118"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 33886118; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=33886118]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=33886118]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 33886118; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='33886118']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=33886118]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":33886118,"title":"Photobiomodulation in human muscle tissue: an advantage in sports performance?","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/33886118/Photobiomodulation_in_human_muscle_tissue_an_advantage_in_sports_performance","owner_id":31841740,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":31841740,"first_name":"Michael","middle_initials":"","last_name":"Hamblin","page_name":"MichaelHamblin","domain_name":"hms-harvard","created_at":"2015-06-03T12:56:46.943-07:00","display_name":"Michael Hamblin","url":"https://hms-harvard.academia.edu/MichaelHamblin"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="33886117"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/33886117/Photobiomodulation_or_low_level_laser_therapy"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Photobiomodulation or low-level laser therapy" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/33886117/Photobiomodulation_or_low_level_laser_therapy">Photobiomodulation or low-level laser therapy</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Journal of biophotonics</span><span>, 2016</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="33886117"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="33886117"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 33886117; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=33886117]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=33886117]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 33886117; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='33886117']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=33886117]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":33886117,"title":"Photobiomodulation or low-level laser therapy","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/33886117/Photobiomodulation_or_low_level_laser_therapy","owner_id":31841740,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":31841740,"first_name":"Michael","middle_initials":"","last_name":"Hamblin","page_name":"MichaelHamblin","domain_name":"hms-harvard","created_at":"2015-06-03T12:56:46.943-07:00","display_name":"Michael Hamblin","url":"https://hms-harvard.academia.edu/MichaelHamblin"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="33886116"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/33886116/Significant_Improvement_in_Cognition_in_Mild_to_Moderately_Severe_Dementia_Cases_Treated_with_Transcranial_Plus_Intranasal_Photobiomodulation_Case_Series_Report"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Significant Improvement in Cognition in Mild to Moderately Severe Dementia Cases Treated with Transcranial Plus Intranasal Photobiomodulation: Case Series Report" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/33886116/Significant_Improvement_in_Cognition_in_Mild_to_Moderately_Severe_Dementia_Cases_Treated_with_Transcranial_Plus_Intranasal_Photobiomodulation_Case_Series_Report">Significant Improvement in Cognition in Mild to Moderately Severe Dementia Cases Treated with Transcranial Plus Intranasal Photobiomodulation: Case Series Report</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Photomedicine and laser surgery</span><span>, Jan 10, 2017</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">This study investigated whether patients with mild to moderately severe dementia or possible Alzh...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">This study investigated whether patients with mild to moderately severe dementia or possible Alzheimer&#39;s disease (AD) with Mini-Mental State Exam (MMSE) Baseline scores of 10-24 would improve when treated with near-infrared photobiomodulation (PBM) therapy. Animal studies have presented the potential of PBM for AD. Dysregulation of the brain&#39;s default mode network (DMN) has been associated with AD, presenting the DMN as an identifiable target for PBM. The study used 810 nm, 10 Hz pulsed, light-emitting diode devices combining transcranial plus intranasal PBM to treat the cortical nodes of the DMN (bilateral mesial prefrontal cortex, precuneus/posterior cingulate cortex, angular gyrus, and hippocampus). Five patients with mild to moderately severe cognitive impairment were entered into 12 weeks of active treatment as well as a follow-up no-treatment, 4-week period. Patients were assessed with the MMSE and Alzheimer&#39;s Disease Assessment Scale (ADAS-cog) tests. The protocol...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="33886116"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="33886116"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 33886116; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=33886116]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=33886116]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 33886116; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='33886116']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=33886116]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":33886116,"title":"Significant Improvement in Cognition in Mild to Moderately Severe Dementia Cases Treated with Transcranial Plus Intranasal Photobiomodulation: Case Series Report","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/33886116/Significant_Improvement_in_Cognition_in_Mild_to_Moderately_Severe_Dementia_Cases_Treated_with_Transcranial_Plus_Intranasal_Photobiomodulation_Case_Series_Report","owner_id":31841740,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":31841740,"first_name":"Michael","middle_initials":"","last_name":"Hamblin","page_name":"MichaelHamblin","domain_name":"hms-harvard","created_at":"2015-06-03T12:56:46.943-07:00","display_name":"Michael Hamblin","url":"https://hms-harvard.academia.edu/MichaelHamblin"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="33886115"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/33886115/Visible_Blue_Light_is_Capable_of_Inactivating_Candida_albicans_and_Other_Fungal_Species"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Visible Blue Light is Capable of Inactivating Candida albicans and Other Fungal Species" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/33886115/Visible_Blue_Light_is_Capable_of_Inactivating_Candida_albicans_and_Other_Fungal_Species">Visible Blue Light is Capable of Inactivating Candida albicans and Other Fungal Species</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Photomedicine and laser surgery</span><span>, 2017</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="33886115"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="33886115"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 33886115; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=33886115]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=33886115]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 33886115; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='33886115']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=33886115]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":33886115,"title":"Visible Blue Light is Capable of Inactivating Candida albicans and Other Fungal Species","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/33886115/Visible_Blue_Light_is_Capable_of_Inactivating_Candida_albicans_and_Other_Fungal_Species","owner_id":31841740,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":31841740,"first_name":"Michael","middle_initials":"","last_name":"Hamblin","page_name":"MichaelHamblin","domain_name":"hms-harvard","created_at":"2015-06-03T12:56:46.943-07:00","display_name":"Michael Hamblin","url":"https://hms-harvard.academia.edu/MichaelHamblin"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="33886114"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/33886114/Current_Advances_in_5_Aminolevulinic_Acid_Mediated_Photodynamic_Therapy"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Current Advances in 5-Aminolevulinic Acid Mediated Photodynamic Therapy" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/33886114/Current_Advances_in_5_Aminolevulinic_Acid_Mediated_Photodynamic_Therapy">Current Advances in 5-Aminolevulinic Acid Mediated Photodynamic Therapy</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Current dermatology reports</span><span>, 2016</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Kennedy and Pottier discovered that photodynamic therapy (PDT) could be carried out using a proce...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Kennedy and Pottier discovered that photodynamic therapy (PDT) could be carried out using a procedure consisting of topical application of the porphyrin-precursor, 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) to the skin, followed after some time by illumination with various light parameters in the 1980s. Since then, ALA-PDT has expanded enormously and now covers most aspects of dermatological disease. The purpose of this review is to discuss a range of ingenious strategies that investigators have devised for improving the overall outcome (higher efficiency and lower side effects) of ALA-PDT. The big advance of using ALA esters instead of the free acid to improve skin penetration was conceived in the 1990s. A variety of more recent innovative approaches can be divided into three broad groups: (a) those relying on improving delivery or penetration of ALA into the skin; (b) those relying on ways to increase the synthesis of protoporphyrin IX inside the skin; (c) those relying on modification of the il...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="33886114"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="33886114"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 33886114; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=33886114]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=33886114]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 33886114; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='33886114']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=33886114]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":33886114,"title":"Current Advances in 5-Aminolevulinic Acid Mediated Photodynamic Therapy","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/33886114/Current_Advances_in_5_Aminolevulinic_Acid_Mediated_Photodynamic_Therapy","owner_id":31841740,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":31841740,"first_name":"Michael","middle_initials":"","last_name":"Hamblin","page_name":"MichaelHamblin","domain_name":"hms-harvard","created_at":"2015-06-03T12:56:46.943-07:00","display_name":"Michael Hamblin","url":"https://hms-harvard.academia.edu/MichaelHamblin"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="33886113"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/33886113/Plant_protein_based_hydrophobic_fine_and_ultrafine_carrier_particles_in_drug_delivery_systems"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Plant protein-based hydrophobic fine and ultrafine carrier particles in drug delivery systems" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/33886113/Plant_protein_based_hydrophobic_fine_and_ultrafine_carrier_particles_in_drug_delivery_systems">Plant protein-based hydrophobic fine and ultrafine carrier particles in drug delivery systems</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Critical reviews in biotechnology</span><span>, Jan 24, 2017</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">For thousands of years, plants and their products have been used as the mainstay of medicinal the...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">For thousands of years, plants and their products have been used as the mainstay of medicinal therapy. In recent years, besides attempts to isolate the active ingredients of medicinal plants, other new applications of plant products, such as their use to prepare drug delivery vehicles, have been discovered. Nanobiotechnology is a branch of pharmacology that can provide new approaches for drug delivery by the preparation of biocompatible carrier nanoparticles (NPs). In this article, we review recent studies with four important plant proteins that have been used as carriers for targeted delivery of drugs and genes. Zein is a water-insoluble protein from maize; Gliadin is a 70% alcohol-soluble protein from wheat and corn; legumin is a casein-like protein from leguminous seeds such as peas; lectins are glycoproteins naturally occurring in many plants that recognize specific carbohydrate residues. NPs formed from these proteins show good biocompatibility, possess the ability to enhance s...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="33886113"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="33886113"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 33886113; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=33886113]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=33886113]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 33886113; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='33886113']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=33886113]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":33886113,"title":"Plant protein-based hydrophobic fine and ultrafine carrier particles in drug delivery systems","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/33886113/Plant_protein_based_hydrophobic_fine_and_ultrafine_carrier_particles_in_drug_delivery_systems","owner_id":31841740,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":31841740,"first_name":"Michael","middle_initials":"","last_name":"Hamblin","page_name":"MichaelHamblin","domain_name":"hms-harvard","created_at":"2015-06-03T12:56:46.943-07:00","display_name":"Michael Hamblin","url":"https://hms-harvard.academia.edu/MichaelHamblin"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="33886112"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/33886112/Photobiomodulation_leads_to_enhanced_radiosensitivity_through_induction_of_apoptosis_and_autophagy_in_human_cervical_cancer_cells"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Photobiomodulation leads to enhanced radiosensitivity through induction of apoptosis and autophagy in human cervical cancer cells" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/33886112/Photobiomodulation_leads_to_enhanced_radiosensitivity_through_induction_of_apoptosis_and_autophagy_in_human_cervical_cancer_cells">Photobiomodulation leads to enhanced radiosensitivity through induction of apoptosis and autophagy in human cervical cancer cells</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Journal of biophotonics</span><span>, Jan 2, 2017</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The radiomodulatory effect of photobiomodulation (PBM) has recently been studied in cancer cells....</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The radiomodulatory effect of photobiomodulation (PBM) has recently been studied in cancer cells. The aim of this study was to investigate cellular mechanisms involved in the X-ray radiosensitivity of HeLa cells pre-exposed to PBM. HeLa cells were irradiated with 685 nm laser at different energy densities prior to X-ray ionizing radiation. After irradiation, clonogenic cell survival, cell death due to apoptosis and autophagy were determined. Levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), DNA damage and, cell cycle distribution after PBM were measured. PBM at different energy densities (5-20 J/cm(2) ) was not cytotoxic. However, HeLa cells pre-exposed to 20 J/cm(2) showed enhanced inhibition of colony formation following ionizing radiation. Enhanced radiosensitivity was due to increased oxidative stress, DNA damage, and radiation-induced apoptosis and autophagy. These results suggest that 685 nm PBM at a higher energy density could possibly be a promising radiosensitizing age...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="33886112"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="33886112"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 33886112; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=33886112]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=33886112]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 33886112; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='33886112']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=33886112]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":33886112,"title":"Photobiomodulation leads to enhanced radiosensitivity through induction of apoptosis and autophagy in human cervical cancer cells","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/33886112/Photobiomodulation_leads_to_enhanced_radiosensitivity_through_induction_of_apoptosis_and_autophagy_in_human_cervical_cancer_cells","owner_id":31841740,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":31841740,"first_name":"Michael","middle_initials":"","last_name":"Hamblin","page_name":"MichaelHamblin","domain_name":"hms-harvard","created_at":"2015-06-03T12:56:46.943-07:00","display_name":"Michael Hamblin","url":"https://hms-harvard.academia.edu/MichaelHamblin"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="33886111"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/33886111/_em_In_Vivo_em_Investigation_of_Antimicrobial_Blue_Light_Therapy_for_Multidrug_resistant_em_Acinetobacter_baumannii_em_Burn_Infections_Using_Bioluminescence_Imaging"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of <em>In Vivo</em> Investigation of Antimicrobial Blue Light Therapy for Multidrug-resistant <em>Acinetobacter baumannii</em> Burn Infections Using Bioluminescence Imaging" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/33886111/_em_In_Vivo_em_Investigation_of_Antimicrobial_Blue_Light_Therapy_for_Multidrug_resistant_em_Acinetobacter_baumannii_em_Burn_Infections_Using_Bioluminescence_Imaging"><em>In Vivo</em> Investigation of Antimicrobial Blue Light Therapy for Multidrug-resistant <em>Acinetobacter baumannii</em> Burn Infections Using Bioluminescence Imaging</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Journal of Visualized Experiments</span><span>, 2017</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Burn infections continue to be an important cause of morbidity and mortality. The increasing emer...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Burn infections continue to be an important cause of morbidity and mortality. The increasing emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria has led to the frequent failure of traditional antibiotic treatments. Alternative therapeutics are urgently needed to tackle MDR bacteria. An innovative non-antibiotic approach, antimicrobial blue light (aBL), has shown promising effectiveness against MDR infections. The mechanism of action of aBL is not yet well understood. It is commonly hypothesized that naturally occurring endogenous photosensitizing chromophores in bacteria (e.g., iron-free porphyrins, flavins, etc.) are excited by aBL, which in turn produces cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) through a photochemical process. Unlike another light-based antimicrobial approach, antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT), aBL therapy does not require the involvement of an exogenous photosensitizer. All it needs to take effect is the irradiation of blue light; therefore, it is simple and inexpensive. The aBL receptors are the endogenous cellular photosensitizers in bacteria, rather than the DNA. Thus, aBL is believed to be much less genotoxic to host cells than ultraviolet-C (UVC) irradiation, which directly causes DNA damage in host cells. In this paper, we present a protocol to assess the effectiveness of aBL therapy for MDR Acinetobacter baumannii infections in a mouse model of burn injury. By using an engineered bioluminescent strain, we were able to noninvasively monitor the extent of infection in real time in living animals. This technique is also an effective tool for monitoring the spatial distribution of infections in animals.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="33886111"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="33886111"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 33886111; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=33886111]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=33886111]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 33886111; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='33886111']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=33886111]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":33886111,"title":"\u003cem\u003eIn Vivo\u003c/em\u003e Investigation of Antimicrobial Blue Light Therapy for Multidrug-resistant \u003cem\u003eAcinetobacter baumannii\u003c/em\u003e Burn Infections Using Bioluminescence Imaging","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/33886111/_em_In_Vivo_em_Investigation_of_Antimicrobial_Blue_Light_Therapy_for_Multidrug_resistant_em_Acinetobacter_baumannii_em_Burn_Infections_Using_Bioluminescence_Imaging","owner_id":31841740,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":31841740,"first_name":"Michael","middle_initials":"","last_name":"Hamblin","page_name":"MichaelHamblin","domain_name":"hms-harvard","created_at":"2015-06-03T12:56:46.943-07:00","display_name":"Michael Hamblin","url":"https://hms-harvard.academia.edu/MichaelHamblin"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="33886110"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/33886110/Design_features_for_optimization_of_tetrapyrrole_macrocycles_as_antimicrobial_and_anticancer_photosensitizers"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Design features for optimization of tetrapyrrole macrocycles as antimicrobial and anticancer photosensitizers" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/33886110/Design_features_for_optimization_of_tetrapyrrole_macrocycles_as_antimicrobial_and_anticancer_photosensitizers">Design features for optimization of tetrapyrrole macrocycles as antimicrobial and anticancer photosensitizers</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Chemical Biology & Drug Design</span><span>, 2017</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Photodynamic therapy (PDT) uses non-toxic dyes called photosensitizers (PS) and harmless visible ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Photodynamic therapy (PDT) uses non-toxic dyes called photosensitizers (PS) and harmless visible light that combine to form highly toxic reactive oxygen species that kill cells. Originally, a cancer therapy, PDT, now includes applications for infections. The most widely studied PS are tetrapyrrole macrocycles including porphyrins, chlorins, bacteriochlorins, and phthalocyanines. The present review covers the design features in PS that can work together to maximize the PDT activity for various disease targets. Photophysical and photochemical properties include the wavelength and size of the long-wavelength absorption peak (for good light penetration into tissue), the triplet quantum yield and lifetime, and the propensity to undergo type I (electron transfer) or type II (energy transfer) photochemical mechanisms. The central metal in the tetrapyrrole macrocycle has a strong influence on the PDT activity. Hydrophobicity and charge are important factors that govern interactions with various types of cells (cancer and microbial) in vitro and the pharmacokinetics and biodistribution in vivo. Hydrophobic structures tend to be water insoluble and require a drug delivery vehicle for maximal activity. Molecular asymmetry and amphiphilicity are also important for high activity. In vivo some structures possess the ability to selectively accumulate in tumors and to localize in the tumor microvasculature producing vascular shutdown after illumination.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="33886110"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="33886110"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 33886110; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=33886110]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=33886110]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 33886110; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='33886110']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=33886110]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":33886110,"title":"Design features for optimization of tetrapyrrole macrocycles as antimicrobial and anticancer photosensitizers","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/33886110/Design_features_for_optimization_of_tetrapyrrole_macrocycles_as_antimicrobial_and_anticancer_photosensitizers","owner_id":31841740,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":31841740,"first_name":"Michael","middle_initials":"","last_name":"Hamblin","page_name":"MichaelHamblin","domain_name":"hms-harvard","created_at":"2015-06-03T12:56:46.943-07:00","display_name":"Michael Hamblin","url":"https://hms-harvard.academia.edu/MichaelHamblin"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="33886109"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/33886109/Photoantimicrobials_are_we_afraid_of_the_light"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Photoantimicrobials—are we afraid of the light?" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/33886109/Photoantimicrobials_are_we_afraid_of_the_light">Photoantimicrobials—are we afraid of the light?</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>The Lancet Infectious Diseases</span><span>, 2017</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Although conventional antimicrobial drugs have been viewed as miraculous cure-alls for the past 8...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Although conventional antimicrobial drugs have been viewed as miraculous cure-alls for the past 80 years, increasing antimicrobial drug resistance requires a major and rapid intervention. However, the development of novel but still conventional systemic antimicrobial agents, having only a single mode or site of action, will not alleviate the situation because it is probably only a matter of time until any such agents will also become ineffective. To continue to produce new agents based on this notion is unacceptable, and there is an increasing need for alternative approaches to the problem. By contrast, light-activated molecules called photoantimicrobials act locally via the in-situ production of highly reactive oxygen species, which simultaneously attack various biomolecular sites in the pathogenic target and therefore offer both multiple and variable sites of action. This non-specificity at the target circumvents conventional mechanisms of resistance and inhibits the development of resistance to the agents themselves. Photoantimicrobial therapy is safe and easy to implement and, unlike conventional agents, the activity spectrum of photoantimicrobials covers bacteria, fungi, viruses, and protozoa. However, clinical trials of these new, truly broad-spectrum, and minimally toxic agents have been few, and the funding for research and development is almost non-existent. Photoantimicrobials constitute one of the few ways forward through the morass of drug-resistant infectious disease and should be fully explored. In this Personal View, we raise awareness of the novel photoantimicrobial technologies that offer a viable alternative to conventional drugs in many relevant application fields, and could thus slow the pace of resistance development.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="33886109"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="33886109"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 33886109; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=33886109]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=33886109]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 33886109; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='33886109']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=33886109]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":33886109,"title":"Photoantimicrobials—are we afraid of the light?","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/33886109/Photoantimicrobials_are_we_afraid_of_the_light","owner_id":31841740,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":31841740,"first_name":"Michael","middle_initials":"","last_name":"Hamblin","page_name":"MichaelHamblin","domain_name":"hms-harvard","created_at":"2015-06-03T12:56:46.943-07:00","display_name":"Michael Hamblin","url":"https://hms-harvard.academia.edu/MichaelHamblin"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="33886108"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/33886108/Sodium_ascorbate_kills_Candida_albicans_in_vitro_via_iron_catalyzed_Fenton_reaction_importance_of_oxygenation_and_metabolism"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Sodium ascorbate kills Candida albicans in vitro via iron-catalyzed Fenton reaction: importance of oxygenation and metabolism" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/33886108/Sodium_ascorbate_kills_Candida_albicans_in_vitro_via_iron_catalyzed_Fenton_reaction_importance_of_oxygenation_and_metabolism">Sodium ascorbate kills Candida albicans in vitro via iron-catalyzed Fenton reaction: importance of oxygenation and metabolism</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Future microbiology</span><span>, 2016</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Ascorbate can inhibit growth and even decrease viability of various microbial species including C...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Ascorbate can inhibit growth and even decrease viability of various microbial species including Candida albicans. However the optimum conditions and the mechanism of action are unclear. Materials/methodology: Candida albicans shaken for 90 min in a buffered solution of ascorbate (90 mM) gave a 5-log reduction of cell viability, while there was no killing without shaking, in growth media with different carbon sources or at 4°C. Killing was inhibited by the iron chelator 2,2&#39;-bipyridyl. Hydroxyphenyl fluorescein probe showed the intracellular generation of hydroxyl radicals. Ascorbate-mediated killing of C. albicans depends on oxygenation and metabolism, involves iron-catalyzed generation of hydroxyl radicals via Fenton reaction and depletion of intracellular NADH. Ascorbate could serve as a component of a topical antifungal therapy.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="33886108"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="33886108"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 33886108; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=33886108]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=33886108]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 33886108; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='33886108']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=33886108]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":33886108,"title":"Sodium ascorbate kills Candida albicans in vitro via iron-catalyzed Fenton reaction: importance of oxygenation and metabolism","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/33886108/Sodium_ascorbate_kills_Candida_albicans_in_vitro_via_iron_catalyzed_Fenton_reaction_importance_of_oxygenation_and_metabolism","owner_id":31841740,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":31841740,"first_name":"Michael","middle_initials":"","last_name":"Hamblin","page_name":"MichaelHamblin","domain_name":"hms-harvard","created_at":"2015-06-03T12:56:46.943-07:00","display_name":"Michael Hamblin","url":"https://hms-harvard.academia.edu/MichaelHamblin"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="33886107"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/33886107/Antimicrobial_Blue_Light_Therapy_for_Infectious_Keratitis_Ex_Vivo_and_In_Vivo_Studies"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Antimicrobial Blue Light Therapy for Infectious Keratitis: Ex Vivo and In Vivo Studies" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/33886107/Antimicrobial_Blue_Light_Therapy_for_Infectious_Keratitis_Ex_Vivo_and_In_Vivo_Studies">Antimicrobial Blue Light Therapy for Infectious Keratitis: Ex Vivo and In Vivo Studies</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Investigative ophthalmology & visual science</span><span>, 2017</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">To investigate the effectiveness of antimicrobial blue light (aBL) as an alternative or adjunctiv...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">To investigate the effectiveness of antimicrobial blue light (aBL) as an alternative or adjunctive therapeutic for infectious keratitis. We developed an ex vivo rabbit model and an in vivo mouse model of infectious keratitis. A bioluminescent strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa was used as the causative pathogen, allowing noninvasive monitoring of the extent of infection in real time via bioluminescence imaging. Quantitation of bacterial luminescence was correlated to colony-forming units (CFU). Using the ex vivo and in vivo models, the effectiveness of aBL (415 nm) for the treatment of keratitis was evaluated as a function of radiant exposure when aBL was delivered at 6 or 24 hours after bacterial inoculation. The aBL exposures calculated to reach the retina were compared to the American National Standards Institute standards to estimate aBL retinal safety. Pseudomonas aeruginosa keratitis fully developed in both the ex vivo and in vivo models at 24 hours post inoculation. Bacterial l...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="33886107"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="33886107"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 33886107; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=33886107]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=33886107]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 33886107; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='33886107']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=33886107]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":33886107,"title":"Antimicrobial Blue Light Therapy for Infectious Keratitis: Ex Vivo and In Vivo Studies","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/33886107/Antimicrobial_Blue_Light_Therapy_for_Infectious_Keratitis_Ex_Vivo_and_In_Vivo_Studies","owner_id":31841740,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":31841740,"first_name":"Michael","middle_initials":"","last_name":"Hamblin","page_name":"MichaelHamblin","domain_name":"hms-harvard","created_at":"2015-06-03T12:56:46.943-07:00","display_name":"Michael Hamblin","url":"https://hms-harvard.academia.edu/MichaelHamblin"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="33886106"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/33886106/Transcranial_Red_Near_Infrared_Light_Emitting_Diode_Therapy_to_Improve_Cognition_in_Chronic_Traumatic_Brain_Injury"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Transcranial, Red/Near-Infrared Light-Emitting Diode Therapy to Improve Cognition in Chronic Traumatic Brain Injury" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/33886106/Transcranial_Red_Near_Infrared_Light_Emitting_Diode_Therapy_to_Improve_Cognition_in_Chronic_Traumatic_Brain_Injury">Transcranial, Red/Near-Infrared Light-Emitting Diode Therapy to Improve Cognition in Chronic Traumatic Brain Injury</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Photomedicine and laser surgery</span><span>, 2016</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">We review the general topic of traumatic brain injury (TBI) and our research utilizing transcrani...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">We review the general topic of traumatic brain injury (TBI) and our research utilizing transcranial photobiomodulation (tPBM) to improve cognition in chronic TBI using red/near-infrared (NIR) light-emitting diodes (LEDs) to deliver light to the head. tPBM improves mitochondrial function increasing oxygen consumption, production of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and improving cellular energy stores. Nitric oxide is released from the cells increasing regional blood flow in the brain. Review of published studies: In our previously published study, 11 chronic TBI patients with closed-head TBI caused by different accidents (motor vehicle accident, sports-related, improvised explosive device blast injury) and exhibiting long-lasting cognitive dysfunction received 18 outpatient treatments (Monday, Wednesday, Friday for 6 weeks) starting at 10 months to 8 years post-TBI. LED therapy is nonthermal, painless, and noninvasive. An LED-based device classified as nonsignificant risk (FDA cleared) ...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="33886106"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="33886106"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 33886106; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=33886106]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=33886106]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 33886106; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='33886106']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=33886106]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":33886106,"title":"Transcranial, Red/Near-Infrared Light-Emitting Diode Therapy to Improve Cognition in Chronic Traumatic Brain Injury","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/33886106/Transcranial_Red_Near_Infrared_Light_Emitting_Diode_Therapy_to_Improve_Cognition_in_Chronic_Traumatic_Brain_Injury","owner_id":31841740,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":31841740,"first_name":"Michael","middle_initials":"","last_name":"Hamblin","page_name":"MichaelHamblin","domain_name":"hms-harvard","created_at":"2015-06-03T12:56:46.943-07:00","display_name":"Michael Hamblin","url":"https://hms-harvard.academia.edu/MichaelHamblin"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="33886105"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/33886105/Sonodynamic_inactivation_of_Gram_positive_and_Gram_negative_bacteria_using_a_Rose_Bengal_antimicrobial_peptide_conjugate"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Sonodynamic inactivation of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria using a Rose Bengal–antimicrobial peptide conjugate" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/33886105/Sonodynamic_inactivation_of_Gram_positive_and_Gram_negative_bacteria_using_a_Rose_Bengal_antimicrobial_peptide_conjugate">Sonodynamic inactivation of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria using a Rose Bengal–antimicrobial peptide conjugate</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents</span><span>, 2016</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Combating antimicrobial resistance is one of the most serious public health challenges facing soc...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Combating antimicrobial resistance is one of the most serious public health challenges facing society today. The development of new antibiotics or alternative techniques that can help combat antimicrobial resistance is being prioritised by many governments and stakeholders across the globe. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy is one such technique that has received considerable attention but is limited by the inability of light to penetrate through human tissue, reducing its effectiveness when used to treat deep-seated infections. The related technique sonodynamic therapy (SDT) has the potential to overcome this limitation given the ability of low-intensity ultrasound to penetrate human tissue. In this study, a Rose Bengal-antimicrobial peptide conjugate was prepared for use in antimicrobial SDT (ASDT). When Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa planktonic cultures were treated with the conjugate and subsequently exposed to ultrasound, 5 log and 7 log reductions, respectively, in bacterial numbers were observed. The conjugate also displayed improved uptake by bacterial cells compared with a mammalian cell line (P ≤ 0.01), whilst pre-treatment of a P. aeruginosa biofilm with ultrasound resulted in a 2.6-fold improvement in sensitiser diffusion (P ≤ 0.01). A preliminary in vivo experiment involving ASDT treatment of P. aeruginosa-infected wounds in mice demonstrated that ultrasound irradiation of conjugate-treated wounds affects a substantial reduction in bacterial burden. Combined, the results obtained from this study highlight ASDT as a targeted broad-spectrum novel modality with potential for the treatment of deep-seated bacterial infections.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="33886105"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="33886105"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 33886105; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=33886105]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=33886105]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 33886105; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='33886105']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); 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</script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="33886104"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/33886104/Synthesis_of_myo_inositol_phosphates_and_analogues_using_a_phosphite_chemistry_approach"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Synthesis of myo -inositol phosphates and analogues using a phosphite chemistry approach" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/33886104/Synthesis_of_myo_inositol_phosphates_and_analogues_using_a_phosphite_chemistry_approach">Synthesis of myo -inositol phosphates and analogues using a phosphite chemistry approach</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Biochemical Society Transactions</span><span>, 1987</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="33886104"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="33886104"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 33886104; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=33886104]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=33886104]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 33886104; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='33886104']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=33886104]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":33886104,"title":"Synthesis of myo -inositol phosphates and analogues using a phosphite chemistry approach","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/33886104/Synthesis_of_myo_inositol_phosphates_and_analogues_using_a_phosphite_chemistry_approach","owner_id":31841740,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":31841740,"first_name":"Michael","middle_initials":"","last_name":"Hamblin","page_name":"MichaelHamblin","domain_name":"hms-harvard","created_at":"2015-06-03T12:56:46.943-07:00","display_name":"Michael Hamblin","url":"https://hms-harvard.academia.edu/MichaelHamblin"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="33886103"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/33886103/Photobiomodulation_blue_and_green_light_encourages_osteoblastic_differentiation_of_human_adipose_derived_stem_cells_role_of_intracellular_calcium_and_light_gated_ion_channels"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Photobiomodulation (blue and green light) encourages osteoblastic-differentiation of human adipose-derived stem cells: role of intracellular calcium and light-gated ion channels" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/33886103/Photobiomodulation_blue_and_green_light_encourages_osteoblastic_differentiation_of_human_adipose_derived_stem_cells_role_of_intracellular_calcium_and_light_gated_ion_channels">Photobiomodulation (blue and green light) encourages osteoblastic-differentiation of human adipose-derived stem cells: role of intracellular calcium and light-gated ion channels</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Scientific reports</span><span>, Jan 21, 2016</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Human adipose-derived stem cells (hASCs) have the potential to differentiate into several differe...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Human adipose-derived stem cells (hASCs) have the potential to differentiate into several different cell types including osteoblasts. Photobiomodulation (PBM) or low level laser therapy (LLLT) using red or near-infrared wavelengths has been reported to have effects on both proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of stem cells. We examined the effects of delivering four different wavelengths (420 nm, 540 nm, 660 nm, 810 nm) at the same dose (3 J/cm(2)) five times (every two days) on hASCs cultured in osteogenic medium over three weeks. We measured expression of the following transcription factors by RUNX2, osterix, and the osteoblast protein, osteocalcin. The 420 nm and 540 nm wavelengths were more effective in stimulating osteoblast differentiation compared to 660 nm and 810 nm. Intracellular calcium was higher after 420 nm and 540 nm, and could be inhibited by capsazepine and SKF96365, which also inhibited osteogenic differentiation. We hypothesize that activation of light-gat...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="33886103"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="33886103"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 33886103; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=33886103]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=33886103]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 33886103; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='33886103']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=33886103]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":33886103,"title":"Photobiomodulation (blue and green light) encourages osteoblastic-differentiation of human adipose-derived stem cells: role of intracellular calcium and light-gated ion channels","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/33886103/Photobiomodulation_blue_and_green_light_encourages_osteoblastic_differentiation_of_human_adipose_derived_stem_cells_role_of_intracellular_calcium_and_light_gated_ion_channels","owner_id":31841740,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":31841740,"first_name":"Michael","middle_initials":"","last_name":"Hamblin","page_name":"MichaelHamblin","domain_name":"hms-harvard","created_at":"2015-06-03T12:56:46.943-07:00","display_name":"Michael Hamblin","url":"https://hms-harvard.academia.edu/MichaelHamblin"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="33886102"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/33886102/Papain_gel_containing_methylene_blue_for_simultaneous_caries_removal_and_antimicrobial_photoinactivation_against_Streptococcus_mutans_biofilms"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Papain gel containing methylene blue for simultaneous caries removal and antimicrobial photoinactivation against Streptococcus mutans biofilms" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/33886102/Papain_gel_containing_methylene_blue_for_simultaneous_caries_removal_and_antimicrobial_photoinactivation_against_Streptococcus_mutans_biofilms">Papain gel containing methylene blue for simultaneous caries removal and antimicrobial photoinactivation against Streptococcus mutans biofilms</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Scientific Reports</span><span>, 2016</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">This study intended to evaluate the effects of a papain-gel with a red-light absorbing pigment (m...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">This study intended to evaluate the effects of a papain-gel with a red-light absorbing pigment (methylene blue - MB) to mediate photodynamic therapy (PDT) against Streptococcus mutans biofilms. The PapaMBlue was compared with free MB to generate reactive oxygen species using fluorescence probes (SOSG and HPF). PDT (660-nm light) was carried out against S. mutans biofilms grown on either plastic dishes or on collagen membrane and assayed by CFU, live-dead staining using confocal microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and H&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;E staining for collagen films. Cytotoxicity and subcellular localization was studied in human fibroblasts. Sponges of bioabsorbable type I collagen membrane were exposed to papain based gel, irradiated with laser and analyzed about their integrity by ATR-FTIR. The PapaMBlue produced higher amounts of singlet oxygen and hydroxyl radicals than free MB, possibly due to better disaggregation of the dye in solution. The PapaMBlue antimicrobial effects on biofilms proved to be capable of reducing the S. mutans. Both MTT and PrestoBlue assays showed higher cell viability and metabolism scores in fibroblasts treated with PapaMBlue and MB, possibly due to stimulation of mitochondrial activity and that collagen triple helix is unaffected. The PapaMBlue is equally effective as MB in destroying S. mutans biofilms growing on plastic or collagen without affecting fibroblasts.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="33886102"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="33886102"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 33886102; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=33886102]").text(description); 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dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=33886102]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":33886102,"title":"Papain gel containing methylene blue for simultaneous caries removal and antimicrobial photoinactivation against Streptococcus mutans biofilms","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/33886102/Papain_gel_containing_methylene_blue_for_simultaneous_caries_removal_and_antimicrobial_photoinactivation_against_Streptococcus_mutans_biofilms","owner_id":31841740,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":31841740,"first_name":"Michael","middle_initials":"","last_name":"Hamblin","page_name":"MichaelHamblin","domain_name":"hms-harvard","created_at":"2015-06-03T12:56:46.943-07:00","display_name":"Michael Hamblin","url":"https://hms-harvard.academia.edu/MichaelHamblin"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); 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