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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Climate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Demographics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Demographics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Population" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Population"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Population</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Population-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Literacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Literacy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Language" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Language"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Language</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Language-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Governance_and_politics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Governance_and_politics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Governance and politics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Governance_and_politics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Governance and politics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Governance_and_politics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Civic_administration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Civic_administration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Civic administration</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Civic_administration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lok_Sabha_and_Vidhan_Sabha_constituencies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lok_Sabha_and_Vidhan_Sabha_constituencies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Lok Sabha and Vidhan Sabha constituencies</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lok_Sabha_and_Vidhan_Sabha_constituencies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Judicial_and_police_institutions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Judicial_and_police_institutions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Judicial and police institutions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Judicial_and_police_institutions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Public_utilities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Public_utilities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Public utilities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Public_utilities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Education</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Education-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Education subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Primary_and_secondary_education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Primary_and_secondary_education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Primary and secondary education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Primary_and_secondary_education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Higher_education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Higher_education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Higher education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Higher_education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Engineering_and_applied_sciences_institutions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Engineering_and_applied_sciences_institutions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2.1</span> <span>Engineering and applied sciences institutions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Engineering_and_applied_sciences_institutions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Medical_institutions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Medical_institutions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2.2</span> <span>Medical institutions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Medical_institutions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Universities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Universities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2.3</span> <span>Universities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Universities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Think_tanks_and_research_institutes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Think_tanks_and_research_institutes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2.4</span> <span>Think tanks and research institutes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Think_tanks_and_research_institutes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Transport</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Transport-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Transport subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bicycle" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bicycle"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Bicycle</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bicycle-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2</span> <span>Bus</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Road" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Road"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.3</span> <span>Road</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Road-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Railway_station" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Railway_station"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.4</span> <span>Railway station</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Railway_station-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Airport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Airport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.5</span> <span>Airport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Airport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Culture</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Culture subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Odissi_dance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Odissi_dance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.1</span> <span>Odissi dance</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Odissi_dance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dress_and_attire" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dress_and_attire"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.2</span> <span>Dress and attire</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dress_and_attire-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Festivals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Festivals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.3</span> <span>Festivals</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Festivals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cuisine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cuisine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.4</span> <span>Cuisine</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cuisine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Sports</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Media</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_people" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_people"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Notable people</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_people-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sister_cities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sister_cities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>Sister cities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sister_cities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">17</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Bhubaneswar</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 88 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-88" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">88 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="بوبانسوار – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بوبانسوار" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhubaneshwar" title="Bhubaneshwar – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Bhubaneshwar" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhubane%C5%9Fvar" title="Bhubaneşvar – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Bhubaneşvar" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1" title="بوبانسور – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="بوبانسور" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%B0" title="ভুবনেশ্বর – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ভুবনেশ্বর" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhubaneswar" title="Bhubaneswar – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Bhubaneswar" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%85%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%88%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Бхубанешвар – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Бхубанешвар" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0" title="भुबनेश्वर – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="भुबनेश्वर" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%85%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%88%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Бхубанешвар – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Бхубанешвар" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhubaneswar" title="Bhubaneswar – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Bhubaneswar" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhubaneswar" title="Bhubaneswar – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Bhubaneswar" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhubaneshwar" title="Bhubaneshwar – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Bhubaneshwar" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhuvan%C3%A9%C5%A1var" title="Bhuvanéšvar – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Bhuvanéšvar" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhubaneswar" title="Bhubaneswar – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Bhubaneswar" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhubaneswar" title="Bhubaneswar – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Bhubaneswar" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0" title="भुवनेश्वर – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="भुवनेश्वर" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>डोटेली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CF%80%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%BC%CF%80%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B5%CF%83%CE%B2%CE%B1%CF%81" title="Μπουμπάνεσβαρ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μπουμπάνεσβαρ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhubaneshwar" title="Bhubaneshwar – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Bhubaneshwar" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bubane%C5%9Daro" title="Bubaneŝaro – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Bubaneŝaro" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhubaneswar" title="Bhubaneswar – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Bhubaneswar" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="بوبانسوار – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="بوبانسوار" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhubaneswar" title="Bhubaneswar – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Bhubaneswar" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhubaneswar" title="Bhubaneswar – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Bhubaneswar" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%AD%E0%AB%81%E0%AA%B5%E0%AA%A8%E0%AB%87%E0%AA%B6%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%B5%E0%AA%B0" title="ભુવનેશ્વર – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="ભુવનેશ્વર" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B6%80%EB%B0%94%EB%84%A4%EC%8A%A4%EC%99%80%EB%A5%B4" title="부바네스와르 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="부바네스와르" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B2%D5%B0%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A2%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A5%D5%B7%D5%BE%D5%A1%D6%80" title="Բհուբանեշվար – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Բհուբանեշվար" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0" title="भुवनेश्वर – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="भुवनेश्वर" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhubaneswar" title="Bhubaneswar – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Bhubaneswar" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%B0" title="ভুবনেশ্বর – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="ভুবনেশ্বর" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhubaneswar" title="Bhubaneswar – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bhubaneswar" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhubaneswar" title="Bhubaneswar – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Bhubaneswar" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhubaneshwar" title="Bhubaneshwar – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Bhubaneshwar" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhubaneswar" title="Bhubaneswar – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Bhubaneswar" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%95%D7%91%D7%A0%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%95%D7%90%D7%A8" title="בובנשוואר – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="בובנשוואר" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AD%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%87%E0%B2%B6%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%B0" title="ಭುವನೇಶ್ವರ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಭುವನೇಶ್ವರ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhubaneswar" title="Bhubaneswar – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Bhubaneswar" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%91%E1%83%B0%E1%83%A3%E1%83%91%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%A1%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="ბჰუბანესვარი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ბჰუბანესვარი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhubaneswar" title="Bhubaneswar – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Bhubaneswar" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhubaneswar" title="Bhubaneswar – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Bhubaneswar" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhubane%C5%A1bara" title="Bhubanešbara – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Bhubanešbara" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhubane%C5%A1varas" title="Bhubanešvaras – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Bhubanešvaras" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhuvanesvar" title="Bhuvanesvar – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Bhuvanesvar" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0" title="भुवनेश्वर – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="भुवनेश्वर" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhubaneswar" title="Bhubaneswar – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Bhubaneswar" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AD%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B6%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%BC" title="ഭുവനേശ്വർ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഭുവനേശ്വർ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0" title="भुवनेश्वर – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="भुवनेश्वर" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%91%E1%83%B0%E1%83%A3%E1%83%91%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%A8%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="ბჰუბანეშვარი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ბჰუბანეშვარი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="بوبانسوار – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="بوبانسوار" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhubaneswar" title="Bhubaneswar – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Bhubaneswar" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhubaneswar" title="Bhubaneswar – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Bhubaneswar" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0" title="भुवनेश्वर – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="भुवनेश्वर" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0" title="भुवनेश्वर – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="भुवनेश्वर" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%96%E3%83%90%E3%83%8D%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A5%E3%83%AF%E3%83%AB" title="ブバネーシュワル – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ブバネーシュワル" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%85%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%88%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Бхубанешвар – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Бхубанешвар" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhubaneswar" title="Bhubaneswar – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Bhubaneswar" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhubaneswar" title="Bhubaneswar – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Bhubaneswar" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhubaneswar" title="Bhubaneswar – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Bhubaneswar" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%AD%E0%AD%81%E0%AC%AC%E0%AC%A8%E0%AD%87%E0%AC%B6%E0%AD%8D%E0%AD%B1%E0%AC%B0" title="ଭୁବନେଶ୍ୱର – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଭୁବନେଶ୍ୱର" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bxubaneshvar" title="Bxubaneshvar – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Bxubaneshvar" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AD%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%B0" title="ਭੁਬਨੇਸ਼ਵਰ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਭੁਬਨੇਸ਼ਵਰ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DA%BE%D9%8F%D8%A8%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B4%D9%88%D9%8E%D8%B1" title="بھُبنیشوَر – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="بھُبنیشوَر" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="بوبنسوار – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="بوبنسوار" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhubaneswar" title="Bhubaneswar – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Bhubaneswar" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bubanesvar" title="Bubanesvar – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Bubanesvar" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhubaneswar" title="Bhubaneswar – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Bhubaneswar" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%85%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%88%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Бхубанешвар – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Бхубанешвар" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D" title="भुवनेश्वरम् – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="भुवनेश्वरम्" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%B5%E1%B1%B7%E1%B1%A9%E1%B1%B5%E1%B1%BD%E1%B1%B1%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%A8" title="ᱵᱷᱩᱵᱽᱱᱮᱥᱚᱨ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱵᱷᱩᱵᱽᱱᱮᱥᱚᱨ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhubaneswar" title="Bhubaneswar – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Bhubaneswar" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhubaneshwar" title="Bhubaneshwar – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Bhubaneshwar" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%80%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1" title="ڀوبينسور – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ڀوبينسور" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%88%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Бубанешвар – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Бубанешвар" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhubaneswar" title="Bhubaneswar – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Bhubaneswar" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhubaneswar" title="Bhubaneswar – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Bhubaneswar" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhubaneshwar" title="Bhubaneshwar – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Bhubaneshwar" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="புவனேசுவரம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="புவனேசுவரம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%85%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%88%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Бхубанешвар – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Бхубанешвар" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AD%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%AC%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%B6%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D" title="భుబనేశ్వర్ – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="భుబనేశ్వర్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%9E%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A3" title="ภุพเนศวร – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ภุพเนศวร" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%85%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%88%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Бхубанешвар – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Бхубанешвар" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhubaneswar" title="Bhubaneswar – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Bhubaneswar" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%85%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%88%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Бхубанешвар – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Бхубанешвар" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DA%BE%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%B1" title="بھوبنیشور – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="بھوبنیشور" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhubaneswar" title="Bhubaneswar – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Bhubaneswar" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhubaneswar" title="Bhubaneswar – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Bhubaneswar" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E5%B7%B4%E5%86%85%E4%BB%80%E7%93%A6%E5%B0%94" title="布巴内什瓦尔 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="布巴内什瓦尔" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E5%B7%B4%E5%85%A7%E6%96%AF%E7%A6%BE" title="布巴內斯禾 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="布巴內斯禾" data-language-autonym="粵語" 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data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Bhubaneswar&params=20.27_N_85.84_E_region:IN-OR_type:city(837000)"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">20°16′N</span> <span class="longitude">85°50′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">20.27°N 85.84°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">20.27; 85.84</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">City in Odisha, India</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">City in Odisha, India</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Bhubaneswar</div> <div class="nickname ib-settlement-other-name">Temple City, Ekamra Khetra</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category">City</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="multiimageinner" style="width:292px;max-width:292px;border:none"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:290px;max-width:290px"><div style=";height:192px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bhubaneswar_skyline.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Bhubaneswar_skyline.jpg/288px-Bhubaneswar_skyline.jpg" decoding="async" width="288" height="192" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Bhubaneswar_skyline.jpg/432px-Bhubaneswar_skyline.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Bhubaneswar_skyline.jpg/576px-Bhubaneswar_skyline.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a></span></div><div>Skyline of Bhubaneswar</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:176px;max-width:176px"><div style=";height:82px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Khandagari_and_Udaygiri_featured_image.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Khandagari_and_Udaygiri_featured_image.jpg/174px-Khandagari_and_Udaygiri_featured_image.jpg" decoding="async" width="174" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Khandagari_and_Udaygiri_featured_image.jpg/261px-Khandagari_and_Udaygiri_featured_image.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Khandagari_and_Udaygiri_featured_image.jpg/348px-Khandagari_and_Udaygiri_featured_image.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="913" /></a></span></div><div><a href="/wiki/Udayagiri_and_Khandagiri_Caves" class="mw-redirect" title="Udayagiri and Khandagiri Caves">Udayagiri Caves</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:112px;max-width:112px"><div style=";height:82px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Rajarani_Temple_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Rajarani_Temple_2.jpg/110px-Rajarani_Temple_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Rajarani_Temple_2.jpg/165px-Rajarani_Temple_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Rajarani_Temple_2.jpg/220px-Rajarani_Temple_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a></span></div><div><a href="/wiki/Rajarani_Temple" title="Rajarani Temple">Rajarani Temple</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:155px;max-width:155px"><div style=";height:86px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lingaraj_Temple_in_MahaShivratri.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Lingaraj_Temple_in_MahaShivratri.jpg/153px-Lingaraj_Temple_in_MahaShivratri.jpg" decoding="async" width="153" height="86" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Lingaraj_Temple_in_MahaShivratri.jpg/230px-Lingaraj_Temple_in_MahaShivratri.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Lingaraj_Temple_in_MahaShivratri.jpg/306px-Lingaraj_Temple_in_MahaShivratri.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="675" /></a></span></div><div><a href="/wiki/Lingaraja_Temple" title="Lingaraja Temple">Lingaraja Temple</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:133px;max-width:133px"><div style=";height:86px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kalinga_Stadium_during_ISL.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Kalinga_Stadium_during_ISL.jpg/131px-Kalinga_Stadium_during_ISL.jpg" decoding="async" width="131" height="86" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Kalinga_Stadium_during_ISL.jpg/197px-Kalinga_Stadium_during_ISL.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Kalinga_Stadium_during_ISL.jpg/262px-Kalinga_Stadium_during_ISL.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="790" /></a></span></div><div><a href="/wiki/Kalinga_Stadium" title="Kalinga Stadium">Kalinga Stadium</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:152px;max-width:152px"><div style=";height:100px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Parsurameswara_temple_complex.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Parsurameswara_temple_complex.jpg/150px-Parsurameswara_temple_complex.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Parsurameswara_temple_complex.jpg/225px-Parsurameswara_temple_complex.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Parsurameswara_temple_complex.jpg/300px-Parsurameswara_temple_complex.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5456" data-file-height="3632" /></a></span></div><div><a href="/wiki/Parsurameswara_Temple" title="Parsurameswara Temple">Parsurameswara Temple</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:136px;max-width:136px"><div style=";height:100px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tribal_museum_Bhubaneswar.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Tribal_museum_Bhubaneswar.jpg/134px-Tribal_museum_Bhubaneswar.jpg" decoding="async" width="134" height="101" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Tribal_museum_Bhubaneswar.jpg/201px-Tribal_museum_Bhubaneswar.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Tribal_museum_Bhubaneswar.jpg/268px-Tribal_museum_Bhubaneswar.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span></div><div><a href="/wiki/Tribal_Research_Institute_Museum" title="Tribal Research Institute Museum">Tribal Research Institute Museum</a></div></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Nicknames: <div class="ib-settlement-nickname nickname">Temple City of Odisha</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="switcher-container"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:India_Odisha_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bhubaneswar is located in Odisha"><img alt="Bhubaneswar is located in Odisha" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/India_Odisha_location_map.svg/250px-India_Odisha_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="191" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/India_Odisha_location_map.svg/375px-India_Odisha_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/India_Odisha_location_map.svg/500px-India_Odisha_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1128" data-file-height="860" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:47.337%;left:70.827%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Bhubaneswar"><img alt="Bhubaneswar" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:4px"><div>Bhubaneswar</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Map showing Bhubaneswar in Odisha</div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Odisha</span></div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:India_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bhubaneswar is located in India"><img alt="Bhubaneswar is located in India" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/India_location_map.svg/250px-India_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="269" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/India_location_map.svg/375px-India_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/India_location_map.svg/500px-India_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1615" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:53.015%;left:58.875%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Bhubaneswar"><img alt="Bhubaneswar" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Bhubaneswar</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Bhubaneswar (India)</div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of India</span></div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Asia_laea_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bhubaneswar is located in Asia"><img alt="Bhubaneswar is located in Asia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Asia_laea_location_map.svg/250px-Asia_laea_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="222" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Asia_laea_location_map.svg/375px-Asia_laea_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Asia_laea_location_map.svg/500px-Asia_laea_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1181" data-file-height="1050" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:70.585%;left:41.811%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Bhubaneswar"><img alt="Bhubaneswar" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Bhubaneswar</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Bhubaneswar (Asia)</div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Asia</span></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Bhubaneswar&params=20.27_N_85.84_E_region:IN-OR_type:city(837000)"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">20°16′N</span> <span class="longitude">85°50′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">20.27°N 85.84°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">20.27; 85.84</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/States_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="States of India">State</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Orissa_Flag%28INDIA%29.png/23px-Orissa_Flag%28INDIA%29.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Orissa_Flag%28INDIA%29.png/35px-Orissa_Flag%28INDIA%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Orissa_Flag%28INDIA%29.png/45px-Orissa_Flag%28INDIA%29.png 2x" data-file-width="680" data-file-height="454" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Odisha" title="Odisha">Odisha</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_districts_of_Odisha" title="List of districts of Odisha">District</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Khordha_district" title="Khordha district">Khordha</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Odisha" title="Government of Odisha">Government of Odisha</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Namesake" title="Namesake">Named for</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Shiva" title="Shiva">Shiva</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Municipal_Corporations_in_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Municipal Corporations in India">Municipal Corporation</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Body</th><td class="infobox-data agent"><a href="/wiki/Bhubaneswar_Municipal_Corporation" title="Bhubaneswar Municipal Corporation">Bhubaneswar Municipal Corporation</a> (BMC)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Lok_Sabha" title="Lok Sabha">Member of Parliament</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Aparajita_Sarangi" title="Aparajita Sarangi">Aparajita Sarangi</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Janata_Party" title="Bharatiya Janata Party">BJP</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Odisha_Legislative_Assembly" title="Odisha Legislative Assembly">Members of Legislative Assembly</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Bhubaneswar Central : Ananta Narayana Jena, <a href="/wiki/Biju_Janata_Dal" title="Biju Janata Dal">BJD</a> <p>Bhubaneswar North : Susanta Rout, <a href="/wiki/Biju_Janata_Dal" title="Biju Janata Dal">BJD</a> </p> Ekamra Bhubaneswar : Babu Singh, <a href="/wiki/Bhartiya_Janata_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Bhartiya Janata Party">BJP</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Mayor" title="Mayor">Mayor</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Sulochana Das, <a href="/wiki/Biju_Janata_Dal" title="Biju Janata Dal">BJD</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Municipal_commissioner_(India)" title="Municipal commissioner (India)">Municipal Commissioner</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Rajesh Prabhakar Patil, <a href="/wiki/Indian_Administrative_Service" title="Indian Administrative Service">IAS</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Bhubaneswar-Cuttack_Police_Commissionerate" class="mw-redirect" title="Bhubaneswar-Cuttack Police Commissionerate">Commissioner of Police</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Suresh Dev Dutta Singh <a href="/wiki/Indian_Police_Service" title="Indian Police Service">IPS</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup id="cite_ref-Bhubaneswar_City_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bhubaneswar_City-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">135 km<sup>2</sup> (52 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">45 m (148 ft)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(2024)<sup id="cite_ref-census_of_Khorda_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-census_of_Khorda-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">837,000</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">6,200/km<sup>2</sup> (16,000/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonym</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Bhubaneswariya<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Languages<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Official</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Odia_language" title="Odia language">Odia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indian_English" title="Indian English">English</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B5:30" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+5:30">UTC+5:30</a> (<a href="/wiki/Indian_Standard_Time" title="Indian Standard Time">IST</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Postal_Index_Number" title="Postal Index Number">PIN</a></th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="postal-code">751024, 751020, 751022</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Telephone code</th><td class="infobox-data">0674, 06752</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plate" title="Vehicle registration plate">Vehicle registration</a></th><td class="infobox-data">OD-02 (South Bhubaneswar) <br /> OD-33 (North Bhubaneswar)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/UN/LOCODE" title="UN/LOCODE">UN/LOCODE</a></th><td class="infobox-data">IN BBI</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bhubaneswar.me/">www<wbr />.bhubaneswar<wbr />.me</a></span> <br /> <span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.smartcitybhubaneswar.gov.in/">www<wbr />.smartcitybhubaneswar<wbr />.gov<wbr />.in</a></span> <br /> <span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bmc.gov.in/">www<wbr />.bmc<wbr />.gov<wbr />.in</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Bhubaneswar</b> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Odia:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="or-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Odia" title="Help:IPA/Odia">[ˈbʱubɔneswɔɾɔ]</a></span> <span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/5\/50\/Or-%E0%AC%AD%E0%AD%81%E0%AC%AC%E0%AC%A8%E0%AD%87%E0%AC%B6%E0%AD%8D%E0%AD%B1%E0%AC%B0.wav\/Or-%E0%AC%AD%E0%AD%81%E0%AC%AC%E0%AC%A8%E0%AD%87%E0%AC%B6%E0%AD%8D%E0%AD%B1%E0%AC%B0.wav.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Or-\u0b2d\u0b41\u0b2c\u0b28\u0b47\u0b36\u0b4d\u0b71\u0b30.wav"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/50/Or-%E0%AC%AD%E0%AD%81%E0%AC%AC%E0%AC%A8%E0%AD%87%E0%AC%B6%E0%AD%8D%E0%AD%B1%E0%AC%B0.wav/Or-%E0%AC%AD%E0%AD%81%E0%AC%AC%E0%AC%A8%E0%AD%87%E0%AC%B6%E0%AD%8D%E0%AD%B1%E0%AC%B0.wav.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Or-%E0%AC%AD%E0%AD%81%E0%AC%AC%E0%AC%A8%E0%AD%87%E0%AC%B6%E0%AD%8D%E0%AD%B1%E0%AC%B0.wav" title="File:Or-ଭୁବନେଶ୍ୱର.wav">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span>) is the capital and the largest city of the <a href="/wiki/States_and_territories_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="States and territories of India">Indian state</a> of <a href="/wiki/Odisha" title="Odisha">Odisha</a>. It is located in the <a href="/wiki/Khordha_district" title="Khordha district">Khordha district</a>. The suburban region, especially the old town, was historically often depicted as <i>Chakra Khetra</i> and <i>Ekamra Khetra</i> (Area adorned with a mango tree).<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bhubaneswar is dubbed the "Temple City", a <a href="/wiki/Nickname" title="Nickname">nickname</a> earned because of many <a href="/wiki/Temple" title="Temple">temples</a> which are standing there.<sup id="cite_ref-Ring_Salkin_Schellinger_Boda_1994_p._121_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ring_Salkin_Schellinger_Boda_1994_p._121-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-D_2014_p._38_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-D_2014_p._38-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In contemporary times, the city is a hub of sports, tourism and IT in the country. </p><p>Although the modern city of Bhubaneswar was formally established in 1968, the history of the areas in and around the present-day city can be traced to the 1st century BCE. It is a confluence of <a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hindu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhist</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jainism" title="Jainism">Jain</a> heritage and includes several <a href="/wiki/Kalinga_architecture" title="Kalinga architecture">Kalingan temples</a>, many of them from 6th–13th century CE. With <a href="/wiki/Puri" title="Puri">Puri</a> and <a href="/wiki/Konark" title="Konark">Konark</a> it forms the "Swarna Tribhuja" (<abbr style="font-size:85%" title="literal translation">lit.</abbr><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> </span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">Golden Triangle</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span>), one of Eastern India's most visited destinations.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-R._P._Mohapatra,_Page_47_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-R._P._Mohapatra,_Page_47-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bhubaneswar replaced <a href="/wiki/Cuttack" title="Cuttack">Cuttack</a> as the capital on 1968. The modern city was designed by the German architect <a href="/wiki/Otto_K%C3%B6nigsberger" title="Otto Königsberger">Otto Königsberger</a> in 1966. Along with <a href="/wiki/Jamshedpur" title="Jamshedpur">Jamshedpur</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chandigarh" title="Chandigarh">Chandigarh</a>, it was one of modern India's first planned cities.<sup id="cite_ref-census_of_Khorda2_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-census_of_Khorda2-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bhubaneswar and <a href="/wiki/Cuttack" title="Cuttack">Cuttack</a> are often referred to as the 'twin cities of Odisha'. The area formed by the two cities had a population of 1.7 million in 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is categorised as a <a href="/wiki/Classification_of_Indian_cities" title="Classification of Indian cities">Tier-2</a> city.<sup id="cite_ref-UNcities2016_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UNcities2016-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bhubaneswar and <a href="/wiki/Rourkela" title="Rourkela">Rourkela</a> are the two cities in smart city mission from <a href="/wiki/Odisha" title="Odisha">Odisha</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bhubaneswar&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Bhubaneswar</i> is the anglicisation of the actual <a href="/wiki/Odia_language" title="Odia language">Odia</a> name "Bhubaneśwara"(ଭୁବନେଶ୍ୱର), derived from the word <i>Tribhubaneśwara</i> (ତ୍ରିଭୁବନେଶ୍ୱର), which literally means the Lord (Iśwara) of the Three Worlds (Tribhubana), which in this context refers to <a href="/wiki/Shiva" title="Shiva">Shiva</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bhubaneswar&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sisupalagada_Bhubaneswar.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Sisupalagada_Bhubaneswar.jpg/220px-Sisupalagada_Bhubaneswar.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Sisupalagada_Bhubaneswar.jpg/330px-Sisupalagada_Bhubaneswar.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Sisupalagada_Bhubaneswar.jpg/440px-Sisupalagada_Bhubaneswar.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="750" /></a><figcaption>Remains of the ancient city of <a href="/wiki/Sisupalgarh" title="Sisupalgarh">Sisupalagada</a>, on the outskirts of Bhubaneswar, dated to 7th century BCE</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hatigumfa.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Inscription on rock in Brahmi language" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Hatigumfa.jpg/220px-Hatigumfa.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Hatigumfa.jpg/330px-Hatigumfa.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Hatigumfa.jpg/440px-Hatigumfa.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a><figcaption>Hathigumpha inscriptions at the Udayagiri and Khandagiri caves near Bhubaneswar</figcaption></figure> <p>Bhubaneswar stands near the ruins of <a href="/wiki/Sisupalgarh" title="Sisupalgarh">Sisupalgarh</a>. <a href="/wiki/Dhauli" title="Dhauli">Dhauli</a>, near Bhubaneswar was the site of the <a href="/wiki/Kalinga_War" title="Kalinga War">Kalinga War</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 262</span>-261 BCE), in which the <a href="/wiki/Mauryan_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Mauryan Empire">Mauryan</a> emperor <a href="/wiki/Ashoka" title="Ashoka">Ashoka</a> invaded and annexed <a href="/wiki/Kalinga_(historical_kingdom)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kalinga (historical kingdom)">Kalinga</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Nab_Ramesh_2005_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nab_Ramesh_2005-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One of the most complete <a href="/wiki/Edicts_of_Ashoka" title="Edicts of Ashoka">edicts</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Mauryan" class="mw-redirect" title="Mauryan">Mauryan</a> Emperor, <a href="/wiki/Ashoka" title="Ashoka">Ashoka</a>, dating from between 272 and 236 BCE, remains carved in rock, 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) to the southwest of the modern city.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the decline of the Mauryan empire, the area came under the rule of <a href="/wiki/Mahameghavahana_dynasty" title="Mahameghavahana dynasty">Mahameghavahana dynasty</a>, whose most well-known ruler is <a href="/wiki/Kharavela" title="Kharavela">Kharavela</a>. His <a href="/wiki/Hathigumpha_inscription" title="Hathigumpha inscription">Hathigumpha inscription</a> is located at the <a href="/wiki/Udayagiri_and_Khandagiri_Caves" class="mw-redirect" title="Udayagiri and Khandagiri Caves">Udayagiri and Khandagiri Caves</a> near Bhubaneswar. The area was subsequently ruled by several dynasties, including <a href="/wiki/Satavahana" class="mw-redirect" title="Satavahana">Satavahanas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gupta_Empire" title="Gupta Empire">Guptas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mathara_dynasty" title="Mathara dynasty">Matharas</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Shailodbhava_dynasty" title="Shailodbhava dynasty">Shailodbhavas</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Nab_Ramesh_2005_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nab_Ramesh_2005-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the 7th century, <a href="/wiki/Somava%E1%B9%83%C5%9B%C4%AB_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Somavaṃśī dynasty">Somavamshi</a> or Keshari dynasty established their kingdom and constructed a number of temples. After the Kesharis, the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Ganga_dynasty" title="Eastern Ganga dynasty">Eastern Gangas</a> ruled Kalinga area until the 14th century CE. Their capital was located in present-day <a href="/wiki/Cuttack" title="Cuttack">Cuttack</a> City. After them, <a href="/wiki/Mukunda_Deva" title="Mukunda Deva">Mukunda Deva</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Bhoi_dynasty" title="Bhoi dynasty">Bhoi Dynasty</a> – the last Hindu ruler of the area until the Marathas ruled Odisha from Cuttack.<sup id="cite_ref-Nab_Ramesh_2005_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nab_Ramesh_2005-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most of the older temples in Bhubaneswar were built between 8th and 12th centuries, under <a href="/wiki/Shaivism" title="Shaivism">Shaiva</a> influence.<sup id="cite_ref-Fergusson_pp._92–116_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fergusson_pp._92–116-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Ananta_Vasudeva_Temple" title="Ananta Vasudeva Temple">Ananta Vasudeva Temple</a> is the only old temple of <a href="/wiki/Vishnu" title="Vishnu">Vishnu</a> in the city.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1568, the <a href="/wiki/Karrani_dynasty" title="Karrani dynasty">Karrani dynasty</a> of Afghan origin gained control of Odisha . During their reign, most of the temples and other structures were destroyed or disfigured.<sup id="cite_ref-Nab_Ramesh_2005_13-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nab_Ramesh_2005-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the 16th century, the area came under pachamani <a href="/wiki/Mughal_Empire" title="Mughal Empire">Mughal</a> control. The <a href="/wiki/Maratha_confederacy" class="mw-redirect" title="Maratha confederacy">Marathas</a>, who succeeded the Mughals in the mid-18th century, encouraged pilgrimage in Odisha . In 1803, the area came under <a href="/wiki/British_India" class="mw-redirect" title="British India">British</a> colonial rule, and was part of the <a href="/wiki/Bengal_Presidency" title="Bengal Presidency">Bengal Presidency</a> (until 1912), <a href="/wiki/Bihar_and_Orissa_Province" title="Bihar and Orissa Province">Bihar and Orissa Province</a> (1912–1936) and <a href="/wiki/Orissa_Province" title="Orissa Province">Orissa Province</a> (1936–1947).<sup id="cite_ref-Nab_Ramesh_2005_13-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nab_Ramesh_2005-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The capital of the British-ruled and post-independent Orissa State was also <a href="/wiki/Cuttack" title="Cuttack">Cuttack</a>, which was vulnerable to floods and suffered from space constraints. Because of this, on 1966, a proposal to move the capital to a new capital was introduced in the Legislative Assembly of the Odisha Province. After independence of India, the foundation of the new capital was laid on 13 April 1968.<sup id="cite_ref-Nab_Ramesh_2005_13-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nab_Ramesh_2005-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The name of the new capital came from "Tribhubaneswara" or "Bhubaneswara" (literally "Lord of the Earth"), a name of <a href="/wiki/Shiva" title="Shiva">Shiva</a>, the deity of the <a href="/wiki/Lingaraja_temple" class="mw-redirect" title="Lingaraja temple">Lingaraja temple</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Legislative Assembly of <a href="/wiki/Odisha,_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Odisha, India">Odisha</a> was shifted from Cuttack to Bhubaneswar in 1969.<sup id="cite_ref-Nab_Ramesh_2005_13-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nab_Ramesh_2005-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bhubaneswar was built as a modern city, designed by German architect <a href="/wiki/Otto_K%C3%B6nigsberger" title="Otto Königsberger">Otto Königsberger</a> with wide roads, gardens and parks.<sup id="cite_ref-vision2030_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vision2030-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Though part of the city followed the plan, it grew rapidly over the next few decades, outstripping the planning process.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the first census of independent India, taken in 1951, the town's population was just 16,000. From 1952 to 1979, it was administered by a <a href="/wiki/Notified_Area_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Notified Area Council">Notified Area Council</a> or a <i>nagar panchayat</i>; a <a href="/wiki/Municipality" title="Municipality">municipality</a> was established only on 12 March 1979. During this time, due to fear of wild animals and forested areas, Cuttack continued to be the people's favourite destination, which continues to be even today. The government officials lived at Cuttack and came to Bhubaneswar for work. The government then forced the officials to live at Bhubaneswar. Then some traders came to set up some shops. By the 1991 census, the population of Bhubaneswar had increased to 411,542. Accordingly, on 14 August 1994, the <a href="/wiki/Bhubaneswar_Municipal_Corporation" title="Bhubaneswar Municipal Corporation">Bhubaneswar Municipal Corporation</a> was established.<sup id="cite_ref-Nab_Ramesh_2005_13-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nab_Ramesh_2005-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bhubaneswar&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kalinga_battlefield_daya_river_dhauli_hills.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Kalinga_battlefield_daya_river_dhauli_hills.jpg/220px-Kalinga_battlefield_daya_river_dhauli_hills.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Kalinga_battlefield_daya_river_dhauli_hills.jpg/330px-Kalinga_battlefield_daya_river_dhauli_hills.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Kalinga_battlefield_daya_river_dhauli_hills.jpg/440px-Kalinga_battlefield_daya_river_dhauli_hills.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>Daya River at the foothills of Dhauli</figcaption></figure> <p>Bhubaneswar is in <a href="/wiki/Khordha_district" title="Khordha district">Khordha district</a> of <a href="/wiki/Odisha" title="Odisha">Odisha</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ARIMAKHORDHA2018_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ARIMAKHORDHA2018-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is in the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_coastal_plains" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern coastal plains">eastern coastal plains</a>, along the axis of the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Ghats" title="Eastern Ghats">Eastern Ghats</a> mountains.<sup id="cite_ref-cdpbbsr_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cdpbbsr-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The city has an average altitude of 45 m (148 ft) <a href="/wiki/Above_mean_sea_level" class="mw-redirect" title="Above mean sea level">above sea level</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-cdpbbsr_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cdpbbsr-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bhubaneswar lies in Mahanadi River Delta. The <a href="/wiki/Daya_River" title="Daya River">Daya River</a> is 4 km to the south and the <a href="/wiki/Kuakhai_River" title="Kuakhai River">Kuakhai River</a> 4 km to the east;<sup id="cite_ref-cdpbbsr_20-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cdpbbsr-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <a href="/wiki/Chandaka_Wildlife_Sanctuary" class="mw-redirect" title="Chandaka Wildlife Sanctuary">Chandaka Wildlife Sanctuary</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nandankanan_Zoo" class="mw-redirect" title="Nandankanan Zoo">Nandankanan Zoo</a> are in west and north to Bhubaneswar, respectively.<sup id="cite_ref-vision2030_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vision2030-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bhubaneswar is topographically divided into western uplands and eastern lowlands, with hillocks in the western and northern parts.<sup id="cite_ref-cdpbbsr_20-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cdpbbsr-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Kanjia_lake" class="mw-redirect" title="Kanjia lake">Kanjia lake</a> on the northern outskirts, affords rich <a href="/wiki/Biodiversity" title="Biodiversity">biodiversity</a> and is a <a href="/wiki/Wetland" title="Wetland">wetland</a> of national importance.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bhubaneswar's soils are 65 per cent <a href="/wiki/Laterite" title="Laterite">laterite</a>, 25 per cent <a href="/wiki/Alluvial" class="mw-redirect" title="Alluvial">alluvial</a> and 10 per cent <a href="/wiki/Sandstone" title="Sandstone">sandstone</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-disaster_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-disaster-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Indian_Standards" title="Bureau of Indian Standards">Bureau of Indian Standards</a> places the city inside <a href="/wiki/Earthquake_hazard_zoning_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Earthquake hazard zoning of India">seismic zone III</a> on a scale ranging from <span class="nowrap">I to V</span> in order of increasing susceptibility to earthquakes.<sup id="cite_ref-hazardprofile_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hazardprofile-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Development_Programme" title="United Nations Development Programme">United Nations Development Programme</a> reports that there is "very high damage risk" from winds and <a href="/wiki/Cyclone" title="Cyclone">cyclones</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-hazardprofile_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hazardprofile-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/1999_Odisha_cyclone" title="1999 Odisha cyclone">1999 Odisha cyclone</a> caused major damage to buildings, the city's infrastructure and cost many human lives.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Floods and waterlogging in the low-lying areas have become common due to unplanned growth.<sup id="cite_ref-disaster_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-disaster-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bhubaneswar_Map.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Bhubaneswar Schematic Map" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Bhubaneswar_Map.png/220px-Bhubaneswar_Map.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="223" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Bhubaneswar_Map.png/330px-Bhubaneswar_Map.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Bhubaneswar_Map.png/440px-Bhubaneswar_Map.png 2x" data-file-width="2773" data-file-height="2813" /></a><figcaption>Bhubaneswar schematic tourist map</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Urban_structure">Urban structure</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bhubaneswar&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Urban structure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_neighbourhoods_in_Bhubaneswar" title="List of neighbourhoods in Bhubaneswar">List of neighbourhoods in Bhubaneswar</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Governor_House_Road.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Governor_House_Road.jpg/220px-Governor_House_Road.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Governor_House_Road.jpg/330px-Governor_House_Road.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Governor_House_Road.jpg/440px-Governor_House_Road.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4315" data-file-height="2858" /></a><figcaption>Rajpath, Bhubaneswar</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pathani_Samanta_Planetarium.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Pathani_Samanta_Planetarium.JPG/220px-Pathani_Samanta_Planetarium.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Pathani_Samanta_Planetarium.JPG/330px-Pathani_Samanta_Planetarium.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Pathani_Samanta_Planetarium.JPG/440px-Pathani_Samanta_Planetarium.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4376" data-file-height="2604" /></a><figcaption>Pathani Samanta Planetarium Bhubaneswar</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Bhubaneswar_Development_Authority" title="Bhubaneswar Development Authority">Bhubaneswar urban development area</a> consists of the <a href="/wiki/Bhubaneswar_Municipal_Corporation" title="Bhubaneswar Municipal Corporation">Bhubaneswar Municipal Corporation</a> area, 173 revenue villages and two other municipalities spread over 1,110 km<sup>2</sup> (430 sq mi).<sup id="cite_ref-Bhubaneswar_Info_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bhubaneswar_Info-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-bdasnap_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bdasnap-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The area under the jurisdiction of the Bhubaneswar Municipal Corporation covers 186 square kilometres (72 sq mi).<sup id="cite_ref-Bhubaneswar_City_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bhubaneswar_City-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The city is somewhat <a href="/wiki/Dumbbell" title="Dumbbell">dumbbell</a>-shaped with most of the growth taking place to the north, northeast and southwest.<sup id="cite_ref-citystructure_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-citystructure-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The north–south axis of the city is widest, at roughly 22.5 kilometres (14.0 mi). Growth in the east is restricted due to the presence of <a href="/wiki/Kuakhai_River" title="Kuakhai River">Kuakhai River</a> and by the wildlife sanctuary in the northwestern part.<sup id="cite_ref-citystructure_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-citystructure-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The city can be broadly divided into the old town, planned city (or state capital), added areas and into Units and Colonies. </p><p>The old town or "Temple Town", the oldest part of the city, is characterised by many temples, including the <a href="/wiki/Lingaraja_temple" class="mw-redirect" title="Lingaraja temple">Lingaraja</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nilakantha_Siva_Temple" title="Nilakantha Siva Temple">Nilakantha Siva</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rajarani_Temple" title="Rajarani Temple">Rajarani</a> and <a href="/wiki/Muktesvara_deula" class="mw-redirect" title="Muktesvara deula">Muktesvara temples</a>, standing alongside residential areas. Additional structures include the <a href="/wiki/Somabaresvara_Siva_Temple" title="Somabaresvara Siva Temple">Somabaresvara Siva Temple</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Kartikesvara_Siva_Temple" title="Kartikesvara Siva Temple">Kartikesvara Siva Temple</a>. The area is congested, with narrow roads and poor infrastructure.<sup id="cite_ref-citystructure_28-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-citystructure-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Among neighbourhoods in the old town are Rajarani Colony, Pandaba Nagar, Brahmeswara Bagh, Lingaraja Nagar, Gouri Nagar, Bhimatangi, Kapilaprasad and Sundarpada. </p><p>The planned city was designed in 1948 to house the capital. It is subdivided into units, each with a high school, shopping centres, dispensaries and play areas. While most of the units house government employees, Unit V houses the administrative buildings, including the State Secretariat, State Assembly and the Raj Bhavan. Private residential areas were later built in other areas of the planned city, including <a href="/wiki/Saheed_Nagar" title="Saheed Nagar">Saheed Nagar</a> and Satya Nagar. Unit I, popularly known as the Market Building, was formed to cater to the shopping needs of the new capital's residents. Later, markets and commercial establishments developed along the <a href="/wiki/Janpath,_Bhubaneswar" class="mw-redirect" title="Janpath, Bhubaneswar">Janpath</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cuttack-Puri_Road" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuttack-Puri Road">Cuttack-Puri Road</a> at <a href="/wiki/Saheed_Nagar" title="Saheed Nagar">Saheed Nagar</a>, Satya Nagar, Bapuji Nagar and Ashok Nagar. A dedicated institutional area houses educational and research institutes, including <a href="/wiki/Utkal_University" title="Utkal University">Utkal University</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Institute_of_Physics,_Bhubaneswar" title="Institute of Physics, Bhubaneswar">Institute of Physics</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Institute_of_Minerals_and_Materials_Technology" title="Institute of Minerals and Materials Technology">Institute of Minerals and Materials Technology</a> and Sainik School. Indira Gandhi Park, Gandhi Park and the Biju Patnaik Park are located in the unit.<sup id="cite_ref-citystructure_28-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-citystructure-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The added areas are mostly areas lying north of National Highway 5, including Nayapalli, Jayadev Vihar, <a href="/wiki/Chandrasekharpur" title="Chandrasekharpur">Chandrasekharpur</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chandrasekharpur#Sailashree_Vihar" title="Chandrasekharpur">Sailashree Vihar</a>, <a href="#Niladri_vihar">Niladri vihar</a> which were developed by Bhubaneswar Development Authority to house the growing population.<sup id="cite_ref-citystructure_28-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-citystructure-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With the development of the new areas such as Chandrasekharpur the city is now divided roughly into North (newer areas) and South Bhubaneswar (older areas) by the NH-5 highway. </p><p>The peripheral areas are outside the municipal boundary or have subsequently been included within the extended boundary, including Tomando, Patia and Raghunathpur. Most of these areas were developed in a haphazard manner, without proper planning.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Master Planning Branch of the <a href="/wiki/Bhubaneswar_Development_Authority" title="Bhubaneswar Development Authority">Bhubaneswar Development Authority</a> developed the Comprehensive Development Plan (CDP) in 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the Odisha Development Authorities Act, 1982, the Development Authority has control over the planning for municipal areas.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Apart from the CDP, BDA has also created Zonal Development Plans for some of the areas under the CDP.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bhubaneswar secured the top rank in the <a href="/wiki/Smart_city" title="Smart city">Smart city</a> list in India.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="thumb tnone" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:1008px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="overflow:auto"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Deras_Dam.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Deras Dam"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Deras_Dam.jpg/1000px-Deras_Dam.jpg" decoding="async" width="1000" height="312" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Deras_Dam.jpg/1500px-Deras_Dam.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Deras_Dam.jpg/2000px-Deras_Dam.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3968" data-file-height="1238" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption" style="text-align:left"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Deras_Dam.jpg" title="File:Deras Dam.jpg"> </a></div><a href="/wiki/Deras_Dam" class="mw-redirect" title="Deras Dam">Deras Dam</a></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bhubaneswar&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Meteorological_Centre,_Bhubaneswar,_Odisha.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A one storied building with decorative plants and landscaping around it" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Meteorological_Centre%2C_Bhubaneswar%2C_Odisha.JPG/220px-Meteorological_Centre%2C_Bhubaneswar%2C_Odisha.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Meteorological_Centre%2C_Bhubaneswar%2C_Odisha.JPG/330px-Meteorological_Centre%2C_Bhubaneswar%2C_Odisha.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Meteorological_Centre%2C_Bhubaneswar%2C_Odisha.JPG/440px-Meteorological_Centre%2C_Bhubaneswar%2C_Odisha.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="2698" /></a><figcaption>Meteorological Centre, Bhubaneswar</figcaption></figure> <p>Bhubaneswar has a <a href="/wiki/Tropical_savanna_climate" title="Tropical savanna climate">tropical savanna climate</a>, designated <i>Aw</i> under the <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen climate classification</a>. Temperatures in Bhubaneswar usually range from 11 to 44 °C (52 to 111 °F). It experiences five primary seasons: winter (December to January), when temperatures can drop to 11 °C (52 °F); spring (February); summer (March to May), when temperatures can reach 44 °C (111 °F) or higher; monsoon (June to October); and post-monsoon (November). The annual mean temperature is 27.4 °C (81.3 °F); monthly mean temperatures are 22–32 °C (72–90 °F).<sup id="cite_ref-weatherbase_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-weatherbase-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Summers (March to June) are hot and humid, with temperatures in the low 30s C; during dry spells, maximum temperatures often exceed 40 °C (104 °F) in May and June.<sup id="cite_ref-weatherbase_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-weatherbase-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Winter lasts for only about ten weeks, with seasonal lows dipping to 15–18 °C (59–64 °F) in December and January. May is the hottest month, when daily temperatures range from 32–42 °C (90–108 °F). January, the coldest month, has temperatures varying from 15–28 °C (59–82 °F). The highest and lowest temperatures ever recorded in Bhubaneswar are 46.7 °C (116.1 °F) on 5 June 2012 and 8.2 °C (46.8 °F) on 30 December 2018.<sup id="cite_ref-IMDextremes_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IMDextremes-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The official weather station for the city is the <a href="/wiki/Biju_Patnaik_Airport" title="Biju Patnaik Airport">Biju Patnaik Airport</a>. Weather records here date back to 1 July 1948. </p><p>Rains brought by the <a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Bengal" title="Bay of Bengal">Bay of Bengal</a> branch of the <a href="/wiki/Southwest_monsoon" class="mw-redirect" title="Southwest monsoon">south west summer monsoon</a><sup id="cite_ref-monsoontribune_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-monsoontribune-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> lash Bhubaneswar between June and September, supplying it with most of its annual rainfall of 1,657.8 mm (65 in). The highest monthly rainfall total, 374.6 mm (15 in), occurs in August.<sup id="cite_ref-IMDnormals_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IMDnormals-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Bhubaneswar (<a href="/wiki/Biju_Patnaik_International_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Biju Patnaik International Airport">Biju Patnaik International Airport</a>) 1991–2020, extremes 1952–present </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF2700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.8<br />(96.4) </td> <td style="background: #EE0000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">42.7<br />(108.9) </td> <td style="background: #D90000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">44.2<br />(111.6) </td> <td style="background: #C30000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">45.8<br />(114.4) </td> <td style="background: #BA0000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">46.5<br />(115.7) </td> <td style="background: #B70000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">46.7<br />(116.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF0100; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">41.3<br />(106.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF1C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">37.4<br />(99.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF1800; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">37.9<br />(100.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF2100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36.6<br />(97.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF1A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">37.6<br />(99.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF3600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.6<br />(92.5) </td> <td style="background: #B70000; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">46.7<br />(116.1) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF3B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.8<br />(91.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF1F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">37.0<br />(98.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF0B00; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">39.8<br />(103.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF0200; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">41.2<br />(106.2) </td> <td style="background: #F20000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">42.4<br />(108.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF0400; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">40.9<br />(105.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF2300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36.3<br />(97.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF2C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.1<br />(95.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF2A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.3<br />(95.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF3000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.4<br />(93.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF3900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.2<br />(91.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF4100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.0<br />(89.6) </td> <td style="background: #E20000; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">43.6<br />(110.5) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF5400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.2<br />(84.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF3E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.5<br />(90.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF2600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.9<br />(96.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF1A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">37.7<br />(99.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF1A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">37.7<br />(99.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF2A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.3<br />(95.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF3E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.4<br />(90.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF4100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.0<br />(89.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF3E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.4<br />(90.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF4200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.9<br />(89.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF4900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.8<br />(87.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF5600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.9<br />(84.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF3A00; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">33.0<br />(91.4) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF850B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.2<br />(72.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF6D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.6<br />(78.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF5400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.2<br />(84.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF4500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.4<br />(88.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF4100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.0<br />(89.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF4A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.7<br />(87.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF5600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.0<br />(84.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF5800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.6<br />(83.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF5700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.8<br />(83.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF5F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.7<br />(81.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF7100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.1<br />(77.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF850B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.2<br />(72.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF5F00; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">27.7<br />(81.9) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFB367; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.5<br />(59.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF9E3E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.5<br />(65.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF8002; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.8<br />(73.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF6F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.3<br />(77.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF6600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.7<br />(80.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF6800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.4<br />(79.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF6D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.6<br />(78.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF6E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.4<br />(77.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF7000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.2<br />(77.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF7C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.4<br />(74.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF9932; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.3<br />(66.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFB368; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.4<br />(59.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF8308; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">22.4<br />(72.3) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFCF9F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.4<br />(52.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFBC7A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.1<br />(57.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF9D3C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.6<br />(65.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF8C1A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.1<br />(70.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF8811; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.7<br />(71.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF7F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.0<br />(73.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF7D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.3<br />(73.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF7C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.5<br />(74.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF7E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.1<br />(73.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF962D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.7<br />(67.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFB56C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.1<br />(59.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFCE9D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.6<br />(52.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFD4A9; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">10.7<br />(51.3) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFE2C6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.6<br />(47.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFDBB8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.6<br />(49.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFB973; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.6<br />(58.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFA852; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.0<br />(62.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFB66E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.0<br />(59.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFAA55; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.8<br />(62.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF9429; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.0<br />(68.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF9F3F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.4<br />(65.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF9E3E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.5<br />(65.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFAF5F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.1<br />(61.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFDBB7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.7<br />(49.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFE5CC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.2<br />(46.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFE5CC; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">8.2<br />(46.8) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average rainfall mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #EBFFEB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.1<br />(0.52) </td> <td style="background: #DCFFDC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.1<br />(0.83) </td> <td style="background: #E0FFE0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.6<br />(0.81) </td> <td style="background: #C0FFC0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">40.4<br />(1.59) </td> <td style="background: #67FF67; color:#000000;" class="notheme">101.6<br />(4.00) </td> <td style="background: #00BC00; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">208.5<br />(8.21) </td> <td style="background: #003000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">359.7<br />(14.16) </td> <td style="background: #003000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">374.6<br />(14.75) </td> <td style="background: #004C00; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">281.7<br />(11.09) </td> <td style="background: #00D200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">201.2<br />(7.92) </td> <td style="background: #D0FFD0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.3<br />(1.19) </td> <td style="background: #F7FFF7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.9<br />(0.19) </td> <td style="background: #2DFF2D; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">1,657.8<br />(65.27) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average rainy days </th> <td style="background: #F5F5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.8 </td> <td style="background: #F0F0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.1 </td> <td style="background: #EDEDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.4 </td> <td style="background: #E2E2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.2 </td> <td style="background: #C7C7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.5 </td> <td style="background: #8080FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.9 </td> <td style="background: #4545FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">15.0 </td> <td style="background: #3E3EFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">15.6 </td> <td style="background: #5D5DFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">12.7 </td> <td style="background: #9D9DFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.9 </td> <td style="background: #EBEBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.5 </td> <td style="background: #FAFAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.4 </td> <td style="background: #B2B2FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">73.0 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Relative_humidity" class="mw-redirect" title="Relative humidity">relative humidity</a> (%) <span style="font-size:90%;" class="nowrap">(at 17:30 <a href="/wiki/Indian_Standard_Time" title="Indian Standard Time">IST</a>)</span> </th> <td style="background: #2C2CFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">55 </td> <td style="background: #3838FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">52 </td> <td style="background: #2121FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">58 </td> <td style="background: #0A0AFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">64 </td> <td style="background: #0000FD; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">67 </td> <td style="background: #0000DF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">75 </td> <td style="background: #0000B8; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">85 </td> <td style="background: #0000B5; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">86 </td> <td style="background: #0000B8; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">85 </td> <td style="background: #0000CB; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">80 </td> <td style="background: #0000F6; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">69 </td> <td style="background: #1919FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">60 </td> <td style="background: #0000F2; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">70 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean monthly <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">sunshine hours</a> </th> <td style="background: #E3E300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">253.4 </td> <td style="background: #E4E400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">234.0 </td> <td style="background: #E0E000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">237.8 </td> <td style="background: #E2E200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">238.8 </td> <td style="background: #E1E100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">242.9 </td> <td style="background: #C1C11A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">140.7 </td> <td style="background: #B0B083; color:#000000;" class="notheme">107.2 </td> <td style="background: #BABA48; color:#000000;" class="notheme">128.6 </td> <td style="background: #C6C600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">150.8 </td> <td style="background: #DCDC00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">221.8 </td> <td style="background: #DDDD00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">217.5 </td> <td style="background: #E4E400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">255.0 </td> <td style="background: #D9D900; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">2,428.5 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 1: <a href="/wiki/India_Meteorological_Department" title="India Meteorological Department">India Meteorological Department</a><sup id="cite_ref-IMDnormals_37-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IMDnormals-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-IMDextremes_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IMDextremes-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Marchextremes_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Marchextremes-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-IMDcityrainfall_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IMDcityrainfall-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-IMDcityextremes2_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IMDcityextremes2-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 2: NOAA (sun, 1971–1990),<sup id="cite_ref-NOAA_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NOAA-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tokyo Climate Center (mean temperatures 1991–2020)<sup id="cite_ref-TCC1_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TCC1-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div><p>Bhubaneswar has been ranked 7th best “National Clean Air City” under (Category 2 3-10L Population cities) in India according to 'Swachh Vayu Survekshan 2024 Results' <sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bhubaneswar&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:DLF_Cyber_City,_Bhubaneswar_.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/DLF_Cyber_City%2C_Bhubaneswar_.jpg/220px-DLF_Cyber_City%2C_Bhubaneswar_.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="171" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/DLF_Cyber_City%2C_Bhubaneswar_.jpg/330px-DLF_Cyber_City%2C_Bhubaneswar_.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/DLF_Cyber_City%2C_Bhubaneswar_.jpg/440px-DLF_Cyber_City%2C_Bhubaneswar_.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1247" data-file-height="970" /></a><figcaption>DLF Cyber City Bhubaneswar</figcaption></figure> <p>Bhubaneswar is an administrative, information technology, education and tourism city.<sup id="cite_ref-cdpbbsr_20-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cdpbbsr-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bhubaneswar was ranked as the best place to do business in India by the <a href="/wiki/World_Bank" title="World Bank">World Bank</a> in 2014.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bhubaneswar has emerged as one of the fast-growing, important trading and commercial hub in the state and eastern India.<sup id="cite_ref-:6_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tourism is a major industry, attracting about 1.5 million tourists in 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-cdpbbsr_20-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cdpbbsr-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bhubaneswar was designed to be a largely residential city with outlying industrial areas. The economy had few major players until the 1990s and was dominated by retail and small-scale manufacturing. With the <a href="/wiki/Economic_liberalisation_in_India" title="Economic liberalisation in India">economic liberalisation</a> policy adopted by the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_India" title="Government of India">Government of India</a> in the 1990s, Bhubaneswar received investment in <a href="/wiki/Telecommunications" title="Telecommunications">telecommunications</a>, information technology (IT) and higher education.<sup id="cite_ref-cdpbbsr_20-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cdpbbsr-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2011, according to a study by <a href="/wiki/Associated_Chambers_of_Commerce_and_Industry_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Associated Chambers of Commerce and Industry of India">Associated Chambers of Commerce and Industry of India</a>, Bhubaneswar had the highest rate of employment growth among 17 Tier-2 cities in India.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It has been listed among the top ten emerging cities in India by <a href="/wiki/Cushman_and_Wakefield" class="mw-redirect" title="Cushman and Wakefield">Cushman and Wakefield</a>, taking into consideration factors like demographics, physical, social and real estate infrastructure, current level and scope of economic activities and government support.<sup id="cite_ref-:7_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2012, Bhubaneswar was ranked third among Indian cities, in starting and operating a business by the <a href="/wiki/World_Bank" title="World Bank">World Bank</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:8_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bhubaneswar has been traditionally home to handicrafts industry, including silver filigree work, <a href="/wiki/Appliqu%C3%A9" title="Appliqué">appliqué</a> work, stone and wood carvings and <a href="/wiki/Pattachitra" title="Pattachitra">patta painting</a>, which significantly contributes to the city's economy.<sup id="cite_ref-cdpbbsr_20-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cdpbbsr-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The late 2000s saw a surge of investments in the real estate, infrastructure, retail and hospitality sectors; several shopping malls and organised retails opened outlets in Bhubaneswar.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the <a href="/wiki/Informal_sector" class="mw-redirect" title="Informal sector">informal sector</a>, 22,000 vendors operate in regulated or unregulated vending zones.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As of 2001, around 2.15% of the city's workforce was employed in the <a href="/wiki/Primary_sector_of_the_economy" title="Primary sector of the economy">primary sector</a> (agriculture, forestry, mining, etc.); 2.18% worked in the <a href="/wiki/Secondary_sector_of_the_economy" title="Secondary sector of the economy">secondary sector</a> (industrial and manufacturing); and 95.67% worked in the <a href="/wiki/Tertiary_sector_of_the_economy" title="Tertiary sector of the economy">tertiary sector</a> (service industries).<sup id="cite_ref-cdpbbsr_20-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cdpbbsr-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Department of Industries established four industrial areas in and around Bhubaneswar, in the Rasulgarh, Mancheswar, Chandaka, and Bhagabanpur areas.<sup id="cite_ref-cdpbbsr_20-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cdpbbsr-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Industrial sector in Bhubaneswar includes paper, steel, automobile, food, pharma and electronics industries. A large number of companies including <a href="/wiki/Odisha_State_Cooperative_Milk_Producers%27_Federation" title="Odisha State Cooperative Milk Producers' Federation">Odisha State Cooperative Milk Producers' Federation</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bharat_Biotech" title="Bharat Biotech">Bharat Biotech</a>, <a href="/wiki/Topaz_Solar_Farm" title="Topaz Solar Farm">Topaz Solar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Britannia_Industries" title="Britannia Industries">Britannia Industries</a>, SMS Group and <a href="/wiki/Jockey_International" title="Jockey International">Jockey International</a> have there manufacturing plant.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2009, Odisha was ranked ninth among Indian states in terms of software export by <a href="/wiki/NASSCOM" title="NASSCOM">NASSCOM</a>, with most IT/ITES companies established in Bhubaneswar. In 2011–12, Odisha had a growth rate of 17% for software exports.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to a 2012 survey, among the tier-2 cities in India, Bhubaneswar has been chosen as the best for conducting IT/ITES business.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The government fostered growth by developing of IT parks such as Infocity-1, Infovalley, <a href="/wiki/STPI" class="mw-redirect" title="STPI">STPI</a>-Bhubaneswar and JSS STP.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-itsector_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-itsector-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Infocity was conceived as a five-star park, under the Export Promotion Industrial Parks (EPIP) Scheme to create infrastructure facilities for setting up information technology related industries. <a href="/wiki/Infosys" title="Infosys">Infosys</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tech_Mahindra" title="Tech Mahindra">Tech Mahindra</a> have been present in Bhubaneswar since 1996. Other Multinational Companies include <a href="/wiki/Accenture" title="Accenture">Accenture</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cognizant" title="Cognizant">Cognizant</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tata_Consultancy_Services" title="Tata Consultancy Services">Tata Consultancy Services</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wipro" title="Wipro">Wipro</a>, <a href="/wiki/IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a>, <a href="/wiki/Genpact" title="Genpact">Genpact</a>, <a href="/wiki/Firstsource" title="Firstsource">Firstsource</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mindtree" title="Mindtree">Mindtree</a>, <a href="/wiki/MphasiS" class="mw-redirect" title="MphasiS">MphasiS</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ericsson" title="Ericsson">Ericsson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Semtech" title="Semtech">Semtech</a>, <a href="/wiki/Reliance_Communications" title="Reliance Communications">Reliance Communications</a>, <a href="/wiki/PricewaterhouseCoopers" class="mw-redirect" title="PricewaterhouseCoopers">PricewaterhouseCoopers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bharti_Airtel" title="Bharti Airtel">Bharti Airtel</a>, <a href="/wiki/DLF_(company)" title="DLF (company)">DLF (company)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Capgemini" title="Capgemini">Capgemini</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Happiest_Minds&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Happiest Minds (page does not exist)">Happiest Minds</a>, Concentrix, RiR Electronics, Synopsis, EY and <a href="/wiki/Deloitte" title="Deloitte">Deloitte</a>. It also houses the headquarters of <a href="/wiki/POSCO_India" title="POSCO India">POSCO India</a>, a subsidiary of South Korean conglomerate <a href="/wiki/POSCO" title="POSCO">POSCO</a> and Govt. of India owned <a href="/wiki/National_Aluminium_Company" title="National Aluminium Company">National Aluminium Company</a>(NALCO). Apart from the big multinationals, some 300 small and mid-size IT companies and business startups have offices in Bhubaneswar.<sup id="cite_ref-itsector_62-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-itsector-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Lulu International Shopping Malls Private Limited plans to set up shopping malls, hypermarkets, agri sourcing and logistics hub with an investment of Rs 1,500 crore.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bhubaneswar&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Demographics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Population">Population</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bhubaneswar&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Population"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236656977">.mw-parser-output .abbr-header{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-bottom:none;background-color:lavender}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .caption-purple{background:inherit!important}}.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-top:none;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);padding:5px}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border-top:1px #a2a9b1 solid!important}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:none}}</style><table class="table-pale" style="width:15em;border-top-width:0;border-spacing: 0;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 0.5em;"><caption class="caption-purple" style="padding:0.25em;font-weight:bold">Historical population</caption><tbody><tr style="font-size:95%"><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;width:3em">Year</th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px 2px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Population" class="abbr-header">Pop.</abbr></th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Percent change" class="abbr-header">±%</abbr></th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1951 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">16,512</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">—    </td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1961 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">38,211</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+131.4%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1971 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">105,491</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+176.1%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1981 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">227,525</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+115.7%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb"> 1991 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">423,465</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+86.1%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 2001 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">647,302</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+52.9%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 2011 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">837,737</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+29.4%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);font-size:85%;text-align:left">Source: <sup id="cite_ref-Census_1951-61_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Census_1951-61-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Census_Hyderabad_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Census_Hyderabad-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-greater_Hyderabad_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-greater_Hyderabad-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>As per the <a href="/wiki/2011_census_of_India" title="2011 census of India">2011 census of India</a>, Bhubaneswar had a population of 837,737, while the metropolitan area had a population of 881,988.<sup id="cite_ref-pop_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pop-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As per the estimate of <a href="/wiki/IIT_Kharagpur" title="IIT Kharagpur">IIT Kharagpur</a>, which made a development plan, the Bhubaneswar–Cuttack Urban complex, consisting of 721.9 square kilometres (278.7 sq mi), has a population of 1.9 million (as of 2008<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bhubaneswar&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>).<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of 2011<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bhubaneswar&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, the number of males was 445,233, while the number of females were 392,504. The decadal growth rate was 45.90 per cent.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Literacy">Literacy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bhubaneswar&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Literacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Effective male literacy was 95.69 per cent, while female literacy was 90.26 per cent. About 75,237 were under six. Bhubaneswar's <a href="/wiki/Literacy_rate" class="mw-redirect" title="Literacy rate">literacy rate</a> is 93.15 per cent<sup id="cite_ref-pop_67-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pop-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>—significantly higher than the national average of 74.04 per cent.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Language">Language</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bhubaneswar&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Language"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="PieChartTemplate thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:202px"> <div class="mw-no-invert" style="background-color:white;margin:auto;position:relative;width:200px;height:200px;overflow:hidden;border-radius:100px;border:1px solid black;transform:scaleX(-1)rotate(-90deg)"> <div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:0; top:0; border-width:0 200px 200px 0; border-color:cyan; z-index:-1"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 1431.5027833609px; border-left-color:purple"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:purple"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:purple"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 820.59085996177px; border-left-color:green"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:green"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:green"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 415.38003935225px; border-left-color:red"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:red"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:red"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 263.63989766845px; border-left-color:blue"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:blue"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:blue"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 167.16726824144px; border-left-color:orange"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:orange"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:orange"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 112.56937902005px; border-left-color:pink"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:pink"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:pink"></div> </div> <div class="thumbcaption"> <p>Languages spoken in Bhubaneswar (2011)<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:pink; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Odia_language" title="Odia language">Odia</a> (88.44%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:orange; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Hindi_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindi language">Hindi</a> (2.98%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:blue; color:white;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Telugu_language" title="Telugu language">Telugu</a> (2.81%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:red; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Bengali_language" title="Bengali language">Bengali</a> (2.01%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:green; color:white;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Urdu_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Urdu language">Urdu</a> (1.83%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:purple; color:white;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Santali_language" title="Santali language">Santali</a> (0.82%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:cyan; color:black;"> </span> Others (1.12%)</div> </div> </div></div><p>The main language spoken in the city is <a href="/wiki/Odia_language" title="Odia language">Odia</a>. However, <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hindi" title="Hindi">Hindi</a> are understood by most residents. Although <a href="/wiki/Odia_people" title="Odia people">Odias</a> comprise the vast majority, migrants from other states like <a href="/wiki/Andhra_Pradesh" title="Andhra Pradesh">Andhra Pradesh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bihar" title="Bihar">Bihar</a>, <a href="/wiki/West_Bengal" title="West Bengal">West Bengal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rajasthan" title="Rajasthan">Rajasthan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jharkhand" title="Jharkhand">Jharkhand</a> also dwell in the city. Growth in the information technology industry and education sector in Bhubaneswar changed the city's demographic profile; likely infrastructure strains and haphazard growth from demographic changes have been a cause of concern. </p><div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religion">Religion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bhubaneswar&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="PieChartTemplate thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:202px"> <div class="mw-no-invert" style="background-color:white;margin:auto;position:relative;width:200px;height:200px;overflow:hidden;border-radius:100px;border:1px solid black;transform:scaleX(-1)rotate(-90deg)"> <div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:0; top:0; border-width:0 200px 200px 0; border-color:Yellow; z-index:-1"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 3700.3771126px; border-left-color:DarkBlue"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:DarkBlue"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:DarkBlue"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 2892.5742290081px; border-left-color:LightBlue"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:LightBlue"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:LightBlue"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 1079.6061745041px; border-left-color:Green"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:Green"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:Green"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 324.32984297402px; border-left-color:DarkOrange"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:DarkOrange"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:DarkOrange"></div> </div> <div class="thumbcaption"> <p><b>Religion in Bhubaneshwar</b> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:DarkOrange; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Hindus" title="Hindus">Hindus</a> (95.24%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:Green; color:white;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Muslims" title="Muslims">Muslims</a> (3.29%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:LightBlue; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Christians" title="Christians">Christians</a> (0.92%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:DarkBlue; color:white;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Sikhs" title="Sikhs">Sikhs</a> (0.12%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:Yellow; color:black;"> </span> Others<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1041539562">.mw-parser-output .citation{word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}</style><sup class="citation nobold" id="ref_naming"><a href="#endnote_naming">[^]</a></sup> (0.43%)</div> <p style="margin-bottom:0"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_naming"><b><a href="#ref_naming">^</a></b></span> Others includes Jain, Buddhists and not stated</p> </div> </div></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bhubaneswar,_India,_ca._1906_(IMP-CSCNWW33-OS14-56).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Bhubaneswar%2C_India%2C_ca._1906_%28IMP-CSCNWW33-OS14-56%29.jpg/222px-Bhubaneswar%2C_India%2C_ca._1906_%28IMP-CSCNWW33-OS14-56%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="222" height="186" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Bhubaneswar%2C_India%2C_ca._1906_%28IMP-CSCNWW33-OS14-56%29.jpg/333px-Bhubaneswar%2C_India%2C_ca._1906_%28IMP-CSCNWW33-OS14-56%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Bhubaneswar%2C_India%2C_ca._1906_%28IMP-CSCNWW33-OS14-56%29.jpg/444px-Bhubaneswar%2C_India%2C_ca._1906_%28IMP-CSCNWW33-OS14-56%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3879" data-file-height="3253" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Mukteshvara_Temple,_Bhubaneswar" title="Mukteshvara Temple, Bhubaneswar">Mukteshvara Temple, Bhubaneswar</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Bhubaneswar is a religiously diverse city. <a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hindus</a> form the majority in the city with more than 95% of the total population, as of <a href="/wiki/2011_Census_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="2011 Census of India">2011 Census of India</a>. <a href="/wiki/Muslims" title="Muslims">Muslims</a> forms the second largest minority with 3.3% and <a href="/wiki/Christians" title="Christians">Christians</a> with 0.92%. There is also a significant minority population of <a href="/wiki/Sikhs" title="Sikhs">Sikhs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhists</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jainism" title="Jainism">Jains</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Dolagovinda_Siva_Temple" title="Dolagovinda Siva Temple">Dolagovinda Siva Temple</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gosagarsevara_Mandapa" title="Gosagarsevara Mandapa">Gosagarsevara Mandapa</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Governance_and_politics">Governance and politics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bhubaneswar&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Governance and politics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Civic_administration">Civic administration</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bhubaneswar&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Civic administration"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Krushi_Bhavan_Bhubaneswar.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Krushi_Bhavan_Bhubaneswar.jpg/220px-Krushi_Bhavan_Bhubaneswar.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Krushi_Bhavan_Bhubaneswar.jpg/330px-Krushi_Bhavan_Bhubaneswar.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Krushi_Bhavan_Bhubaneswar.jpg/440px-Krushi_Bhavan_Bhubaneswar.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="1588" /></a><figcaption>Krushi Bhavan building in Bhubaneswar.</figcaption></figure><p>The <a href="/wiki/Bhubaneswar_Municipal_Corporation" title="Bhubaneswar Municipal Corporation">Bhubaneswar Municipal Corporation</a> (BMC) oversees and manages civic infrastructure for the city's 67 <a href="/wiki/Ward_(politics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ward (politics)">wards</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-profile_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-profile-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It started as a Notified Area Committee in 1946 and was upgraded to a municipal corporation in 1994.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Orissa Municipal Corporation Act, 2003 is the governing act.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Residents of each ward elect a corporator to the BMC for a five-year term. Standing committees handle urban planning and maintain roads, government-aided schools, hospitals and municipal markets.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As Bhubaneswar's apex body, the corporation discharges its functions through the mayor-in-council, which comprises a mayor, a deputy mayor and other elected members. The executive wing is headed by a Commissioner. There are 13 administrative departments under BMC: PR & Communication, Disaster Management, Finance, Health & Sanitation, Engineering, Revenue & Tax, Electrical, Environment, Social Welfare, IT and Social Projects, Establishment, Land & Assets, Enforcement & Recovery.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The responsibilities of the municipal body include drainage and sewerage, sanitation, solid waste management and street lighting.<sup id="cite_ref-cdpbbsr_20-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cdpbbsr-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The tenure of the last elected body ended in March 2022 and new elections have already took place.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ward committees have been formed in Bhubaneswar and are very active.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Committees are responsible for issues such as public health, sanitation, street lighting and conservancy in their respective wards. There is no fixed number of members in the committees. </p><p>The processes for the municipal budget 2020–21 was initiated in February 2020, but it is unclear if they have continued after the lockdown was announced.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The budget for 2020–21 was supposed to be aroound Rs. 700, an increase of 51.8% from the 2019–20 budget. The increase was supposedly to fund the various socio-economic welfare schemes in the city. The key revenue sources for BMC are: Holding Taxes, tax from advertisements, rent from municipal properties such as markets, shopping complexes, and kalyan mandaps (marriage halls), fees and user charges, and grants from state and central governments.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lok_Sabha_and_Vidhan_Sabha_constituencies">Lok Sabha and Vidhan Sabha constituencies</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bhubaneswar&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Lok Sabha and Vidhan Sabha constituencies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Citizens of Bhubaneswar elect <a href="/wiki/Bhubaneswar_(Lok_Sabha_constituency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bhubaneswar (Lok Sabha constituency)">one representative</a> to India's lower house, the <a href="/wiki/Lok_Sabha" title="Lok Sabha">Lok Sabha</a>, and three representatives to the state legislative assembly, through the constituencies of <a href="/wiki/Bhubaneswar_North_(Vidhan_Sabha_Constituency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bhubaneswar North (Vidhan Sabha Constituency)">Bhubaneswar North</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ekamra-Bhubaneswar" class="mw-redirect" title="Ekamra-Bhubaneswar">Ekamra-Bhubaneswar</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Bhubaneswar_Central_(Vidhan_Sabha_Constituency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bhubaneswar Central (Vidhan Sabha Constituency)">Bhubaneswar Central</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/2019_Indian_general_election" title="2019 Indian general election">last Lok Sabha election</a> was in 2019, when <a href="/wiki/Aparajita_Sarangi" title="Aparajita Sarangi">Aparajita Sarangi</a> from <a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Janata_Party" title="Bharatiya Janata Party">Bharatiya Janata Party</a> won the seat.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The last state assembly election took place in 2019 as well, when all three <a href="/wiki/Odisha_Vidhan_Sabha" class="mw-redirect" title="Odisha Vidhan Sabha">Vidhan Sabha</a> seats in Bhubaneswar were won by <a href="/wiki/Biju_Janata_Dal" title="Biju Janata Dal">Biju Janata Dal</a>: Susant Kumar Rout from North, Ashok Chandra Panda from Ekamra, and Ananta Narayan Jena from Central.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Judicial_and_police_institutions">Judicial and police institutions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bhubaneswar&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Judicial and police institutions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As the seat of the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Odisha" title="Government of Odisha">Government of Odisha</a>, Bhubaneswar is home to the <a href="/wiki/Odisha_Legislative_Assembly" title="Odisha Legislative Assembly">Odisha Legislative Assembly</a> and the state secretariat. Bhubaneswar has lower courts: the Court of Small Causes and the District Civil Court decide civil matters; the Sessions Court rules in criminal cases.<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Bhubaneswar%E2%80%93Cuttack_Police_Commissionerate" title="Bhubaneswar–Cuttack Police Commissionerate">Bhubaneswar–Cuttack Police Commissionerate</a>, established in 2008, is a city police force with primary responsibilities in law enforcement and investigation in the Bhubaneswar-Cuttack area.<sup id="cite_ref-evolution_89-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-evolution-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Shri S.K. Priyadarshi, IPS is the police commissioner.<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ORISSA_SECRETARIAT.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A wide four storied building with landscaped lawn and garden in the foreground" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/ORISSA_SECRETARIAT.jpg/220px-ORISSA_SECRETARIAT.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="123" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/ORISSA_SECRETARIAT.jpg/330px-ORISSA_SECRETARIAT.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/ORISSA_SECRETARIAT.jpg/440px-ORISSA_SECRETARIAT.jpg 2x" data-file-width="766" data-file-height="428" /></a><figcaption>Odisha State Secretariat building</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Public_utilities">Public utilities</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bhubaneswar&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Public utilities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Electricity was earlier being supplied by the state-operated <a href="/wiki/Central_Electricity_Supply_Utility_of_Odisha" class="mw-redirect" title="Central Electricity Supply Utility of Odisha">Central Electricity Supply Utility of Odisha</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-disaster_22-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-disaster-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Tata_Power" title="Tata Power">TATA Power</a>- TP-CODL as a private entity started Power distribution in the city by the end of 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fire services are handled by the state agency <a href="/wiki/Odisha_Fire_Service" title="Odisha Fire Service">Odisha Fire Service</a>. Drinking water is sourced from the Mahanadi, Kuakhai and Daya rivers. <a href="/wiki/Water_supply" title="Water supply">Water supply</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sewerage" title="Sewerage">sewerage</a> are handled by the <a href="/wiki/Public_Health_Engineering_Organisation" class="mw-redirect" title="Public Health Engineering Organisation">Public Health Engineering Organisation</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-cdpbbsr_20-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cdpbbsr-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of 2015, 35% of the city was covered by piped water connections, 1.4% of the households had metered water connection, and the extent of non-revenue water in the city ran to 62.5%.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_93-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Engineering Department of BMC creates and maintains roads.<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>26.7% of the city is covered by sewage network, while more than 50% of the households are dependent on onsite containment systems, such as septic tanks.<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There is no <a href="/wiki/Sewage_treatment_plant" class="mw-redirect" title="Sewage treatment plant">sewage treatment plant</a> in Bhubaneswar right now,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The time period mentioned near this tag is ambiguous. (January 2021)">when?</span></a></i>]</sup> but one is being built using <a href="/wiki/Jawaharlal_Nehru_National_Urban_Renewal_Mission" title="Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission">JNNURM</a> funds.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_93-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The waste from the limited sewage network flows untreated into the Daya river. There is one septage treatment plant for fecal sludge with a capacity of 75 KLD.<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The municipal corporation is responsible for the solid waste management in the city. The average municipal waste generated in the city is 480 kg/m3 for wet waste and 600 kg/m3 for wet waste.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_98-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bhubaneswar Municipal Corporation BMC has introduced door to door collection through battery operated garbage collection vehicle.<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is trying to introduce segregation at source by providing two waste bins to every household, one each for dry and wet waste.<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Landfilling is the most common method of waste disposal in Bhubaneswar.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_98-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> State-owned <a href="/wiki/Bharat_Sanchar_Nigam_Limited" title="Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited">Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Bharat_Sanchar_Nigam_Limited" title="Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited">BSNL</a>, as well as private enterprises, among them <a href="/wiki/Reliance_Jio" class="mw-redirect" title="Reliance Jio">Reliance Jio</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bharti_Airtel" title="Bharti Airtel">Bharti Airtel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vodafone_Idea" title="Vodafone Idea">Vodafone Idea</a>, are the leading telephone, cell phone and <a href="/wiki/Internet_service_provider" title="Internet service provider">internet service providers</a> in the city.<sup id="cite_ref-trai_ar_11_wire_101-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-trai_ar_11_wire-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bhubaneswar&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_institutions_of_higher_education_in_Odisha" title="List of institutions of higher education in Odisha">List of institutions of higher education in Odisha</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:XIMB_New_Academic_Block.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/XIMB_New_Academic_Block.JPG/220px-XIMB_New_Academic_Block.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/XIMB_New_Academic_Block.JPG/330px-XIMB_New_Academic_Block.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/XIMB_New_Academic_Block.JPG/440px-XIMB_New_Academic_Block.JPG 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="530" /></a><figcaption>Academic Block of <a href="/wiki/Xavier_Institute_of_Management,_Bhubaneswar" title="Xavier Institute of Management, Bhubaneswar">Xavier Institute of Management, Bhubaneswar</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:IOP_Bhubaneswar_library.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/IOP_Bhubaneswar_library.JPG/220px-IOP_Bhubaneswar_library.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/IOP_Bhubaneswar_library.JPG/330px-IOP_Bhubaneswar_library.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/IOP_Bhubaneswar_library.JPG/440px-IOP_Bhubaneswar_library.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>Institute of Physics Bhubaneswar library</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:NISER_Academic_Complex,_June_2016.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/NISER_Academic_Complex%2C_June_2016.jpg/220px-NISER_Academic_Complex%2C_June_2016.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/NISER_Academic_Complex%2C_June_2016.jpg/330px-NISER_Academic_Complex%2C_June_2016.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/NISER_Academic_Complex%2C_June_2016.jpg/440px-NISER_Academic_Complex%2C_June_2016.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1776" data-file-height="999" /></a><figcaption>NISER, Bhubaneshwar</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:H222222222222.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/H222222222222.jpg/220px-H222222222222.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/H222222222222.jpg/330px-H222222222222.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/H222222222222.jpg/440px-H222222222222.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1152" /></a><figcaption>Indian Institute of Technology Bhubaneswar</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:AIIMS_Bhubaneswar_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/AIIMS_Bhubaneswar_01.jpg/220px-AIIMS_Bhubaneswar_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="122" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/AIIMS_Bhubaneswar_01.jpg/330px-AIIMS_Bhubaneswar_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/AIIMS_Bhubaneswar_01.jpg/440px-AIIMS_Bhubaneswar_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3527" data-file-height="1963" /></a><figcaption>All India Institute of Medical Sciences Bhubaneswar</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Utkal_University_Main_Gate.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Utkal_University_Main_Gate.jpg/220px-Utkal_University_Main_Gate.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Utkal_University_Main_Gate.jpg/330px-Utkal_University_Main_Gate.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Utkal_University_Main_Gate.jpg/440px-Utkal_University_Main_Gate.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4518" data-file-height="3388" /></a><figcaption>Utkal University Bhubaneswar</figcaption></figure> <p>Bhubaneswar is a centre for higher education in the Eastern Region and is considered the education hub of Eastern India with several government and privately funded Universities and colleges.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_103-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:5_104-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Indian_Institute_of_Technology_Bhubaneswar" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Institute of Technology Bhubaneswar">IIT Bhubaneswar</a>, <a href="/wiki/National_Institute_of_Science_Education_and_Research" title="National Institute of Science Education and Research">NISER</a> Bhubaneswar, <a href="/wiki/All_India_Institute_of_Medical_Sciences_Bhubaneswar" class="mw-redirect" title="All India Institute of Medical Sciences Bhubaneswar">AIIMS Bhubaneswar</a> and <a href="/wiki/National_Institute_of_Fashion_Technology_Bhubaneswar" class="mw-redirect" title="National Institute of Fashion Technology Bhubaneswar">NIFT Bhubaneswar</a> are some of the elite institutions of country which are located in the city. <a href="/wiki/Utkal_University" title="Utkal University">Utkal University</a> Bhubaneswar is the oldest university in Odisha and the 17th oldest university in India. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Primary_and_secondary_education">Primary and secondary education</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bhubaneswar&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Primary and secondary education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Odia and English are the primary languages of instruction. Schools in Bhubaneswar follow the <a href="/wiki/Education_in_India" title="Education in India">"10+2+3" plan</a> for Regular Graduates and <a href="/wiki/Education_in_India" title="Education in India">"10+2+4" plan</a> for Technical studies. Schools in Bhubaneswar are either run by the state government or private organisations. Students typically enroll in schools that are affiliated with any of the following mediums of education. </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Board_of_Secondary_Education,_Odisha" class="mw-redirect" title="Board of Secondary Education, Odisha">BSE, Odisha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Higher_Secondary_Education,_Odisha" class="mw-redirect" title="Council of Higher Secondary Education, Odisha">CHSE, Odisha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Board_of_Secondary_Education" title="Central Board of Secondary Education">CBSE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_for_the_Indian_School_Certificate_Examinations" title="Council for the Indian School Certificate Examinations">Council for the Indian School Certificate Examinations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Council_for_Technical_Education_%26_Vocational_Training" title="State Council for Technical Education & Vocational Training">SCTE&VT, Odisha</a></li></ul> <p>Notable union government schools in the city include </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kendriya_Vidyalaya_No._1,_Bhubaneswar" title="Kendriya Vidyalaya No. 1, Bhubaneswar">Kendriya Vidyalaya No. 1, Bhubaneswar</a>,</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sainik_School,_Bhubaneswar" title="Sainik School, Bhubaneswar">Sainik School</a></li></ul> <p>Notable state government schools in the city include </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Badagada_Government_High_School,_Bhubaneswar" title="Badagada Government High School, Bhubaneswar">Badagada Government High School, Bhubaneswar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capital_High_School,_Bhubaneswar" title="Capital High School, Bhubaneswar">Capital High School, Bhubaneswar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_High_School,_Saheed_Nagar" title="Government High School, Saheed Nagar">Government High School, Saheed Nagar</a></li></ul> <p>Notable private schools in the city include </p> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=DAV_Public_School,_Pokhariput,_Bhubaneswar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="DAV Public School, Pokhariput, Bhubaneswar (page does not exist)">DAV Public School, Pokhariput, Bhubaneswar</a>,</li> <li><a href="/wiki/D.A.V._Public_School,_Chandrasekharpur" title="D.A.V. Public School, Chandrasekharpur">D.A.V. Public School, Chandrasekharpur</a>,</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loyola_School,_Bhubaneswar" title="Loyola School, Bhubaneswar">Loyola School, Bhubaneswar</a>,</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sai_International_School,_Bhubaneswar" class="mw-redirect" title="Sai International School, Bhubaneswar">Sai International School, Bhubaneswar</a>,</li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Joseph%27s_High_School,_Bhubaneswar" title="St. Joseph's High School, Bhubaneswar">St. Joseph's High School, Bhubaneswar</a>,</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Higher_education">Higher education</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bhubaneswar&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Higher education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Several colleges are affiliated with universities or institution based in Bhubaneswar or elsewhere in India. Most offer a wide range of programs in <a href="/wiki/Science,_technology,_engineering,_and_mathematics" title="Science, technology, engineering, and mathematics">STEM</a> and applied research and are rated highly by the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Human_Resource_Development" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Human Resource Development">Ministry of Human Resource Development</a>, India. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Engineering_and_applied_sciences_institutions">Engineering and applied sciences institutions</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bhubaneswar&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Engineering and applied sciences institutions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/C._V._Raman_Global_University" title="C. V. Raman Global University">C. V. Raman Global University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Institute_of_Freshwater_Aquaculture" title="Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture">Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Academy_of_Science_and_Technology" title="Eastern Academy of Science and Technology">Eastern Academy of Science and Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IIT_Bhubaneswar" title="IIT Bhubaneswar">Indian Institute of Technology Bhubaneswar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institute_of_Chemical_Technology" title="Institute of Chemical Technology">Institute of Chemical Technology</a>, Mumbai (off campus in collaboration with IndianOil and IIT Kharagpur)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institute_of_Minerals_and_Materials_Technology" title="Institute of Minerals and Materials Technology">Institute of Minerals and Materials Technology</a> (IMMT, erstwhile RRL)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institute_of_Physics,_Bhubaneswar" title="Institute of Physics, Bhubaneswar">Institute of Physics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Institute_of_Information_Technology,_Bhubaneswar" title="International Institute of Information Technology, Bhubaneswar">International Institute of Information Technology, Bhubaneswar</a> (IIIT-BBSR or IIIT-BH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalinga_Institute_of_Industrial_Technology" title="Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology">Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Institute_of_Fashion_Technology" title="National Institute of Fashion Technology">National Institute of Fashion Technology</a> (NIFT)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Institute_of_Science_Education_and_Research" title="National Institute of Science Education and Research">National Institute of Science Education and Research</a> (NISER)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orissa_Engineering_College" title="Orissa Engineering College">Orissa Engineering College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regional_Institute_of_Education,_Bhubaneswar" title="Regional Institute of Education, Bhubaneswar">Regional Institute of Education</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Medical_institutions">Medical institutions</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bhubaneswar&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Medical institutions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/All_India_Institute_of_Medical_Sciences_Bhubaneswar" class="mw-redirect" title="All India Institute of Medical Sciences Bhubaneswar">All India Institute of Medical Sciences Bhubaneswar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hi-Tech_Medical_College_%26_Hospital,_Bhubaneswar" title="Hi-Tech Medical College & Hospital, Bhubaneswar">Hi-Tech Medical College & Hospital, Bhubaneswar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institute_of_Medical_Sciences_and_Sum_Hospital" title="Institute of Medical Sciences and Sum Hospital">Institute of Medical Sciences and Sum Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalinga_Institute_of_Medical_Sciences" class="mw-redirect" title="Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences">Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regional_Medical_Research_Center,_Bhubaneswar" title="Regional Medical Research Center, Bhubaneswar">Regional Medical Research Center</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Universities">Universities</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bhubaneswar&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Universities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Birla_Global_University" title="Birla Global University">Birla Global University</a>, Bhubaneswar</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centurion_University_of_Technology_and_Management" class="mw-redirect" title="Centurion University of Technology and Management">Centurion University of Technology and Management</a>, Bhubaneswar</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Institute_of_Information_Technology,_Bhubaneswar" title="International Institute of Information Technology, Bhubaneswar">International Institute of Information Technology, Bhubaneswar</a> (IIIT-BBSR or IIIT-BH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalinga_Institute_of_Industrial_Technology" title="Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology">Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odisha_State_Open_University" title="Odisha State Open University">Odisha State Open University</a><sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odisha_University_of_Agriculture_and_Technology" title="Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology">Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odisha_University_of_Health_Sciences" title="Odisha University of Health Sciences">Odisha University of Health Sciences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odisha_University_of_Technology_and_Research" title="Odisha University of Technology and Research">Odisha University of Technology and Research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rama_Devi_Women%27s_University" title="Rama Devi Women's University">Rama Devi Women's University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regional_College_of_Management" title="Regional College of Management">Regional College of Management</a><sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siksha_%27O%27_Anusandhan" title="Siksha 'O' Anusandhan">Siksha 'O' Anusandhan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utkal_University_of_Culture" title="Utkal University of Culture">Utkal University of Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utkal_University" title="Utkal University">Utkal University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xavier_Institute_of_Management,_Bhubaneswar" title="Xavier Institute of Management, Bhubaneswar">XIM University</a></li></ul> <p><b>Professional Institute</b> </p> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Institute_of_Cost_Accountants_of_India" title="Institute of Cost Accountants of India">Institute of Cost Accountants</a> of India -Bhubaneswar Chapter, Bhubaneswar.</li> <li>The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India-Bhuneshwar Branch of EIRC<sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Think_tanks_and_research_institutes">Think tanks and research institutes</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bhubaneswar&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Think tanks and research institutes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nabakrushna_Choudhury_Centre_for_Development_Studies" title="Nabakrushna Choudhury Centre for Development Studies">Nabakrushna Choudhury Centre for Development Studies</a> (NCDS)</li></ul> <p>The Eastern Regional Centre of Indian Institute of Tourism and Travel Management (IITTM), was established in 1996. One IATA Authorised Training Centre (ATC) is located in the city. Several regional management educational institutions also have travel and tourism related courses in their curriculum.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transport">Transport</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bhubaneswar&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Transport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mo_Cycle_Bhubaneswar.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Mo_Cycle_Bhubaneswar.jpg/220px-Mo_Cycle_Bhubaneswar.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="126" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Mo_Cycle_Bhubaneswar.jpg/330px-Mo_Cycle_Bhubaneswar.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Mo_Cycle_Bhubaneswar.jpg/440px-Mo_Cycle_Bhubaneswar.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1254" data-file-height="719" /></a><figcaption>Mo Cycle</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bicycle">Bicycle</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bhubaneswar&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Bicycle"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A public bicycle sharing project named Mo Cycle has been started by the Bhubaneswar Smart City Limited (BSCL) and the Capital Region Urban Transport (CRUT). The scheme aims to reduce <a href="/wiki/Traffic_congestion" title="Traffic congestion">traffic congestion</a>, promote non-motorized transport in the city and ensure better last mile connectivity. Chief minister Naveen Patnaik in November 2011 inaugurated Mo Cycle. Around 400 cycle stands have been set up across the city. Around 2,000 bicycles have been ordered from three companies – Hexi, Yaana and Yulu. Hexi (from Hero Cycles) will provide 1,000 bicycles and Yaana and Yulu will provide 500 each. The availability of rentals Bicycles are accessed by the Dedicated mobile app – "mo app".<sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bus">Bus</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bhubaneswar&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Bus"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:MoBus_AC_Bus.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/MoBus_AC_Bus.jpg/220px-MoBus_AC_Bus.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/MoBus_AC_Bus.jpg/330px-MoBus_AC_Bus.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/MoBus_AC_Bus.jpg/440px-MoBus_AC_Bus.jpg 2x" data-file-width="899" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Mo_Bus" title="Mo Bus">Mo Bus</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Internal public transport is maintained by "Mo Bus (My Bus)" service administered by CRUT(Capital Region Urban Transport) along with connecting nearest cities like Cuttack and Puri. The headquarters of the <a href="/wiki/Odisha_State_Road_Transport_Corporation" title="Odisha State Road Transport Corporation">Odisha State Road Transport Corporation</a> (OSRTC) is in Bhubaneswar. The main Bhubaneswar inter-state bus terminus is at Barmunda, 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) from the city centre, from where OSRTC and private operators run buses connecting Bhubaneswar to cities in Odisha and with the neighbouring states of <a href="/wiki/Andhra_Pradesh" title="Andhra Pradesh">Andhra Pradesh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jharkhand" title="Jharkhand">Jharkhand</a>, <a href="/wiki/West_Bengal" title="West Bengal">West Bengal</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chhattisgarh" title="Chhattisgarh">Chhattisgarh</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bhubaneswar is connected to the rest of Odisha and India by <a href="/wiki/National_Highway_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Highway (India)">National Highway</a>-<a href="/wiki/National_Highway_16_(India)" title="National Highway 16 (India)">NH 16</a>, which is a part of the Kolkata-Chennai prong of the <a href="/wiki/Golden_Quadrilateral" title="Golden Quadrilateral">Golden Quadrilateral</a>, <a href="/wiki/National_Highway_203_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Highway 203 (India)">NH 203</a>, State Highway 13 (Odisha) and State Highway 27 (Odisha). Asian Highway- <a href="/wiki/AH_45" class="mw-redirect" title="AH 45">AH 45</a> passes through the city.<sup id="cite_ref-bdasnap_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bdasnap-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1222442370">.mw-parser-output .mapframe-multi-container>label:first-of-type{clear:both}.mw-parser-output .mapframe-multi-container a.mw-kartographer-container.floatright,.mw-parser-output .mapframe-multi-container a.mw-kartographer-container.floatleft,.mw-parser-output .mapframe-multi-container div.mw-kartographer-container.tright,.mw-parser-output .mapframe-multi-container div.mw-kartographer-container.tleft{padding:0 0 0 0;margin:0 0 0 0}</style><div class="mapframe-multi-outer-container mw-kartographer-container thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:300px"><div class="switcher-container mapframe-multi-container"><div><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container floatright" style="width: 300px; height: 200px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="300" data-height="200" data-zoom="4" data-lat="20.264444444444" data-lon="85.828055555556" data-overlays="["_fa798815552af6252ad51723915729a355ae5d40"]" href="/wiki/Special:Map/4/20.264444444444/85.828055555556/en"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,4,20.264444444444,85.828055555556,300x200.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Bhubaneswar&revid=1256744555&groups=_fa798815552af6252ad51723915729a355ae5d40" width="300" height="200" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,4,20.264444444444,85.828055555556,300x200@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Bhubaneswar&revid=1256744555&groups=_fa798815552af6252ad51723915729a355ae5d40 2x" alt="Map" /></a><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show zoomed out</span></div><div><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container floatright" style="width: 300px; height: 200px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="300" data-height="200" data-zoom="6" data-lat="20.264444444444" data-lon="85.828055555556" data-overlays="["_fa798815552af6252ad51723915729a355ae5d40"]" href="/wiki/Special:Map/6/20.264444444444/85.828055555556/en"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,6,20.264444444444,85.828055555556,300x200.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Bhubaneswar&revid=1256744555&groups=_fa798815552af6252ad51723915729a355ae5d40" width="300" height="200" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,6,20.264444444444,85.828055555556,300x200@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Bhubaneswar&revid=1256744555&groups=_fa798815552af6252ad51723915729a355ae5d40 2x" alt="Map" /></a><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show zoomed mid</span></div><div><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container floatright" style="width: 300px; height: 200px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="300" data-height="200" data-zoom="10" data-lat="20.264444444444" data-lon="85.828055555556" data-overlays="["_fa798815552af6252ad51723915729a355ae5d40"]" href="/wiki/Special:Map/10/20.264444444444/85.828055555556/en"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,10,20.264444444444,85.828055555556,300x200.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Bhubaneswar&revid=1256744555&groups=_fa798815552af6252ad51723915729a355ae5d40" width="300" height="200" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,10,20.264444444444,85.828055555556,300x200@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Bhubaneswar&revid=1256744555&groups=_fa798815552af6252ad51723915729a355ae5d40 2x" alt="Map" /></a><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show zoomed in</span></div></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Road">Road</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bhubaneswar&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Road"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Aerial_view_of_flyover,_Bhubaneswar.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Aerial_view_of_flyover%2C_Bhubaneswar.jpg/220px-Aerial_view_of_flyover%2C_Bhubaneswar.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="116" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Aerial_view_of_flyover%2C_Bhubaneswar.jpg/330px-Aerial_view_of_flyover%2C_Bhubaneswar.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Aerial_view_of_flyover%2C_Bhubaneswar.jpg/440px-Aerial_view_of_flyover%2C_Bhubaneswar.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="675" /></a><figcaption>One of the many fly-overs in the city.</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Roads_in_Bhubaneswar" title="Roads in Bhubaneswar">Bhubaneswar has roads</a> in grid form in the central city. Bhubaneswar has approximately 1,600 kilometres (990 mi) of roads, with average road density of 11.82 square kilometres (4.56 sq mi).<sup id="cite_ref-cdpbbsr_20-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cdpbbsr-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Baramunda Inter State Bus Terminus (ISBT) is the major bus terminus in the city from where buses ply to all the districts in Odisha as well as to neighbouring state's cities like <a href="/wiki/Hyderabad" title="Hyderabad">Hyderabad</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kolkata" title="Kolkata">Kolkata</a>, <a href="/wiki/Visakhapatnam" title="Visakhapatnam">Visakhapatnam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Raipur" title="Raipur">Raipur</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ranchi" title="Ranchi">Ranchi</a>. <a href="/wiki/Bhubaneswar_City_Bus" title="Bhubaneswar City Bus">City bus service</a> (<a href="/wiki/Mo_Bus" title="Mo Bus">Mo Bus</a>) runs across Bhubaneswar by Capital Region Urban Transport Authority run by Bhubaneswar Development Authority.<sup id="cite_ref-citybus_110-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-citybus-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A fleet of 300+ buses cover all major destinations including Cuttack, Puri and Khordha.<sup id="cite_ref-citybus_110-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-citybus-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Auto_rickshaw" title="Auto rickshaw">Auto rickshaws</a> are available for hire and on a share basis throughout the city. In parts of the city, <a href="/wiki/Cycle_rickshaw" title="Cycle rickshaw">cycle rickshaws</a> offer short trips.<sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To ease traffic jams, over-bridges at major road junctions and expansion of roads are under construction.<sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-113" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In a study of six cities in India, Bhubaneswar was ranked third concerning pedestrian infrastructure. The city scored 50 points out of a maximum of 100. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Railway_station">Railway station</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bhubaneswar&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Railway station"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:BBSrailwaystation.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/BBSrailwaystation.jpg/220px-BBSrailwaystation.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/BBSrailwaystation.jpg/330px-BBSrailwaystation.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/BBSrailwaystation.jpg/440px-BBSrailwaystation.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3840" data-file-height="2160" /></a><figcaption>Bhubaneswar railway station</figcaption></figure> <p>Bhubaneswar has the following stations: </p> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="background:#fff;"> <tbody><tr> <th style="background:#ffd750;">Station name </th> <th style="background:#ffd750;">Station code </th> <th style="background:#ffd750;">Railway zone </th> <th style="background:#ffd750;">Number of platforms </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bhubaneswar_railway_station" title="Bhubaneswar railway station">Bhubaneswar</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">BBS </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/East_Coast_Railway_zone" title="East Coast Railway zone">East Coast Railway</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">6 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mancheswar_railway_station" title="Mancheswar railway station">Mancheswar</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">MCS </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/East_Coast_Railway_zone" title="East Coast Railway zone">East Coast Railway</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">4 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lingaraj_Temple_Road_railway_station" title="Lingaraj Temple Road railway station">Lingaraj Temple Road</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">LGTR </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/East_Coast_Railway_zone" title="East Coast Railway zone">East Coast Railway</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">3 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Vani_Vihar_railway_station" title="Vani Vihar railway station">Vani Vihar</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">BNBH </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/East_Coast_Railway_zone" title="East Coast Railway zone">East Coast Railway</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">2 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Patia_railway_station" title="Patia railway station">Patia</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">PTAB </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/East_Coast_Railway_zone" title="East Coast Railway zone">East Coast Railway</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">2 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/New_Bhubaneswar_railway_station" class="mw-redirect" title="New Bhubaneswar railway station">New Bhubaneswar</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">BBSN </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/East_Coast_Railway_zone" title="East Coast Railway zone">East Coast Railway</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">7 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Barang </td> <td style="text-align:center;">BRAG </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/East_Coast_Railway_zone" title="East Coast Railway zone">East Coast Railway</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">3 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <a href="/wiki/East_Coast_Railway" class="mw-redirect" title="East Coast Railway">East Coast Railway</a> has its headquarters in Bhubaneswar. <a href="/wiki/Bhubaneswar_railway_station" title="Bhubaneswar railway station">Bhubaneswar railway station</a> is one of the main stations of the Indian railway network. It is connected to major cities by daily express and passenger trains and daily service to all metro cities is available from here. However, the station is overloaded by existing traffic. Currently, the station has six platforms. There are plans to add two more platforms.<sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A satellite station <a href="/wiki/New_Bhubaneswar_railway_station" class="mw-redirect" title="New Bhubaneswar railway station">New Bhubaneswar railway station</a> is opened near Barang in July 2018 to decongest the existing installation.<sup id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Airport">Airport</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bhubaneswar&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Airport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Biju_Patnaik_Airport_Bhubaneswar.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Biju_Patnaik_Airport_Bhubaneswar.jpg/220px-Biju_Patnaik_Airport_Bhubaneswar.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Biju_Patnaik_Airport_Bhubaneswar.jpg/330px-Biju_Patnaik_Airport_Bhubaneswar.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Biju_Patnaik_Airport_Bhubaneswar.jpg/440px-Biju_Patnaik_Airport_Bhubaneswar.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>Biju Patnaik International Airport</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Biju_Patnaik_Airport" title="Biju Patnaik Airport">Biju Patnaik International Airport</a> (<a href="/wiki/International_Air_Transport_Association_airport_code" class="mw-redirect" title="International Air Transport Association airport code">IATA</a>: <b>BBI</b>, <a href="/wiki/International_Civil_Aviation_Organization_airport_code" class="mw-redirect" title="International Civil Aviation Organization airport code">ICAO</a>: <b>VEBS</b>) also known as Bhubaneswar Airport, 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) south of the city centre, is the major and sole international airport in Odisha. There are daily domestic flights from Bhubaneswar to <a href="/wiki/Delhi" title="Delhi">Delhi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hyderabad" title="Hyderabad">Hyderabad</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai">Mumbai</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kolkata" title="Kolkata">Kolkata</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vishakhapatnam" class="mw-redirect" title="Vishakhapatnam">Vishakhapatnam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chennai" title="Chennai">Chennai</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bangalore" class="mw-redirect" title="Bangalore">Bangalore</a> and International Flight From Bhubaneswar to Dubai, Singapore and Bangkok The major carriers from Bhubaneswar are <a href="/wiki/IndiGo" title="IndiGo">Indigo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vistara" title="Vistara">Vistara</a>, <a href="/wiki/Akasa_Air" title="Akasa Air">Akasa Air</a>, and <a href="/wiki/AirAsia_India" class="mw-redirect" title="AirAsia India">AirAsia India</a>. In March 2013, a new domestic terminal with a capacity of handling 30 million passengers per year was inaugurated to handle increased air traffic.<sup id="cite_ref-116" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 10 July 2015, the first international flight took off from terminal 2 of <a href="/wiki/Biju_Patnaik_International_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Biju Patnaik International Airport">Biju Patnaik International Airport</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bhubaneswar&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Muktesvara_deula.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Muktesvara_deula.jpg/220px-Muktesvara_deula.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Muktesvara_deula.jpg/330px-Muktesvara_deula.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Muktesvara_deula.jpg/440px-Muktesvara_deula.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1965" data-file-height="1474" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Muktesvara_deula" class="mw-redirect" title="Muktesvara deula">Muktesvara deula</a>, covered with erotic ancient carvings, known for its quality of sculptures</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ravindra_Mandap,_Bhubaneswar,_Odisha.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Ravindra_Mandap%2C_Bhubaneswar%2C_Odisha.jpg/220px-Ravindra_Mandap%2C_Bhubaneswar%2C_Odisha.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Ravindra_Mandap%2C_Bhubaneswar%2C_Odisha.jpg/330px-Ravindra_Mandap%2C_Bhubaneswar%2C_Odisha.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Ravindra_Mandap%2C_Bhubaneswar%2C_Odisha.jpg/440px-Ravindra_Mandap%2C_Bhubaneswar%2C_Odisha.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption>Ravindra Mandapa, an auditorium in Bhubaneswar</figcaption></figure> <p>Bhubaneswar is supposed to have had over one <a href="/wiki/List_of_temples_in_Bhubaneswar" class="mw-redirect" title="List of temples in Bhubaneswar">thousand temples</a>, earning the tag of the 'Temple City of India'. Temples are made in the <a href="/wiki/Kalinga_architecture" title="Kalinga architecture">Kalinga architectural</a> style with a pine spire that curves up to a point over the sanctum housing the presiding deity and a pyramid-covered hall where people sit and pray. </p><p>Temples include <a href="/wiki/Lingaraja_Temple" title="Lingaraja Temple">Lingaraja Temple</a>, <a href="/wiki/Muktesvara_deula" class="mw-redirect" title="Muktesvara deula">Muktesvara Temple</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rajarani_Temple" title="Rajarani Temple">Rajarani Temple</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ananta_Vasudeva_Temple" title="Ananta Vasudeva Temple">Ananta Vasudeva Temple</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-117" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Kukutesvara_Siva_Temple" title="Kukutesvara Siva Temple">Kukutesvara Siva Temple</a> is a small, 1000-year-old shrine to <a href="/wiki/Shiva" title="Shiva">Shiva</a>. </p><p>The twin hills of <a href="/wiki/Udayagiri_and_Khandagiri_Caves" class="mw-redirect" title="Udayagiri and Khandagiri Caves">Khandagiri and Udayagiri</a>, served as the site of an ancient <a href="/wiki/Jainism" title="Jainism">Jaina</a> <a href="/wiki/Matha" title="Matha">monastery</a> which was carved into cave-like chambers in the face of the hill. These caves, with artistic carvings, date back to the 2nd century BCE. <a href="/wiki/Dhauli" title="Dhauli">Dhauli</a> hills has major edicts of <a href="/wiki/Ashoka" title="Ashoka">Ashoka</a> engraved on a mass of rock and a white <a href="/wiki/Peace_Pagoda" title="Peace Pagoda">Peace Pagoda</a> was built by the Japan Buddha Sangha and the Kalinga Nippon Buddha Sangha in the 1970s. Apart from the ancient temples, other important temples were built in recent times include <a href="/wiki/Ram_Mandir,_Bhubaneswar" title="Ram Mandir, Bhubaneswar">Ram Mandir</a> and <a href="/wiki/ISKCON" class="mw-redirect" title="ISKCON">ISKCON</a>. </p><p>Bhubaneswar along with Cuttack is the home of the Odia cinema industry, dubbed "<a href="/wiki/Ollywood" class="mw-redirect" title="Ollywood">Ollywood</a>", where most of the state's film studios are situated. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Odisha" title="Culture of Odisha">Odia culture</a> survives in the form of Classical <a href="/wiki/Odissi" title="Odissi">Odissi</a> dance, handicrafts, sand artistry and sculpturing as well as theatre and music. Boundary walls and gardens are increasingly being redone to depict the folk art of the state.<sup id="cite_ref-118" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-119" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Odissi" title="Odissi">Odissi</a>, the oldest of the eight surviving <a href="/wiki/Indian_classical_dance" title="Indian classical dance">classical dance forms</a> of India can be traced from archaeological evidence from the temples in Bhubaneswar.<sup id="cite_ref-120" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-121" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-122" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Odissi_dance">Odissi dance</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bhubaneswar&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Odissi dance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Odissi_dance" class="mw-redirect" title="Odissi dance">Odissi dance</a> is generally accompanied by <a href="/wiki/Odissi_music" title="Odissi music">Odissi music</a>. Srjan, the Odissi dance academy founded by Guru <a href="/wiki/Kelucharan_Mohapatra" title="Kelucharan Mohapatra">Kelucharan Mohapatra</a>, the legendary Odissi dancer is found here.<sup id="cite_ref-123" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-124" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Rabindra Mandapa in central Bhubaneswar plays host to cultural engagements, theatre and private functions.<sup id="cite_ref-125" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-125"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>125<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Odissi_Performance_DS.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Odissi_Performance_DS.jpg/170px-Odissi_Performance_DS.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="276" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Odissi_Performance_DS.jpg/255px-Odissi_Performance_DS.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Odissi_Performance_DS.jpg/340px-Odissi_Performance_DS.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="2432" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Odissi" title="Odissi">Odissi</a> dance</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dress_and_attire">Dress and attire</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bhubaneswar&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Dress and attire"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Though Odia women traditionally wear the <a href="/wiki/Sari" title="Sari">sari</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shalwar_kameez" title="Shalwar kameez">shalwar kameez</a> and of late, Western attire is gaining acceptance among younger women.<sup id="cite_ref-126" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-126"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>126<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Western-style dress has greater acceptance among men, although the traditional <a href="/wiki/Dhoti" title="Dhoti">dhoti</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kurta" title="Kurta">kurta</a> are seen during festivals.<sup id="cite_ref-127" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-127"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>127<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Odisha_State_Museum" title="Odisha State Museum">Odisha State Museum</a> offers archaeological artefacts, weapons, local arts and crafts as well as insights into Odisha's natural and indigenous history.<sup id="cite_ref-128" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-128"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>128<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Tribal_Research_Institute_Museum" title="Tribal Research Institute Museum">Tribal Research Institute Museum</a> hosts authentic tribal dwellings created by tribal craftsmen.<sup id="cite_ref-129" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-129"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>129<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Nandankanan_Zoological_Park" title="Nandankanan Zoological Park">Nandankanan Zoological Park</a>, located on the northern outskirt of the city, is India's first zoo to join <a href="/wiki/World_Association_of_Zoos_and_Aquariums" title="World Association of Zoos and Aquariums">World Association of Zoos and Aquariums</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-130" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-130"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>130<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-131" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-131"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>131<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The State Botanical Garden (Odisha) and Regional Plant Resource Center, popularly known as <i><a href="/wiki/Ekamra_Kanan" title="Ekamra Kanan">Ekamra Kanan</a></i>, a park and botanical garden, has a large collection of exotic and regional fauna. The <i>Ekamra Haat</i> is a hand-loom and handicrafts market. Nicco Park and Ocean World are amusement parks. Other museums include <a href="/wiki/Pathani_Samanta_Planetarium" title="Pathani Samanta Planetarium">Pathani Samanta Planetarium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Regional_Museum_of_Natural_History,_Bhubaneswar" title="Regional Museum of Natural History, Bhubaneswar">Regional Museum of Natural History</a>, Regional Science Center and State Handicrafts Museum. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Festivals">Festivals</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bhubaneswar&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Festivals"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On the day of Ashokashtami in the month of March or April, the image of Lingaraja (Shiva) and other deities are taken in a procession from Lingaraja Temple to the Mausima Temple, where the deities remain for four days.<sup id="cite_ref-132" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-132"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>132<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hundreds of devotees participate in pulling the <a href="/wiki/Temple_car" title="Temple car">temple car</a> that carries the deities, known as <i>Rukuna Ratha</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-133" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-133"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>133<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Ratha-Yatra" class="mw-redirect" title="Ratha-Yatra">Ratha-Yatra</a>, "Temple Car Festival," is the most important festival in Odisha and Bhubaneswar.<sup id="cite_ref-134" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-134"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>134<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The festival commemorates Jagannatha, who is said to have been the incarnation of India's revered deities, Vishnu and <a href="/wiki/Krishna" title="Krishna">Krishna</a>. <a href="/wiki/Durga_Puja" title="Durga Puja">Durga Puja</a>, held in September–October, is an occasion for glamorous celebrations.<sup id="cite_ref-135" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-135"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>135<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-136" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-136"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>136<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As a part of the Ekamra Festival, many cultural sub-festivals take place in January in Bhubaneswar which include Kalinga Mahotsaba (for traditional martial arts), Dhauli-Kalinga Mahotsaba (for classical dance forms), Rajarani Music Festival (for classical music) and Mukteswara Dance Festival (for Odishi dance).<sup id="cite_ref-137" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-137"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>137<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Residents engage in <i>khattis</i>, or leisurely chats, that often take the form of freestyle intellectual conversation.<sup id="cite_ref-138" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-138"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>138<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Other festivals celebrated include <a href="/wiki/Shivaratri" class="mw-redirect" title="Shivaratri">Shivaratri</a>, <a href="/wiki/Diwali" title="Diwali">Diwali</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ganesh_Puja" class="mw-redirect" title="Ganesh Puja">Ganesha Chaturthi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nuakhai" title="Nuakhai">Nuakhai</a> and <a href="/wiki/Saraswati_Puja" class="mw-redirect" title="Saraswati Puja">Saraswati Puja</a>. Eid and Christmas are celebrated by the religious minorities in the city.<sup id="cite_ref-139" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-139"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>139<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-140" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-140"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>140<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-141" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-141"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>141<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Adivasi Mela, held in January, is a fair that displays the art, artefacts, tradition, culture, and music of the tribal inhabitants of Odisha.<sup id="cite_ref-142" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-142"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>142<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Toshali National Crafts Mela, held in December, showcases handicrafts from all over India and from foreign countries.<sup id="cite_ref-143" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-143"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>143<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other important fairs in the city include the Rajdhani Book Fair, Dot Fest<sup id="cite_ref-144" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-144"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>144<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Khandagiri Utsav.<sup id="cite_ref-145" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-145"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>145<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-146" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-146"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>146<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Two international literary festivals are held in the city, <a href="/wiki/Kalinga_Literary_Festival" title="Kalinga Literary Festival">Kalinga Literary Festival</a><sup id="cite_ref-147" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-147"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>147<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-148" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-148"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>148<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Mystic Kalinga Festival.<sup id="cite_ref-149" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-149"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>149<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-150" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-150"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>150<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In modern times Bhubaneswar hosts a literary festival, the Odisha Literary Fest.<sup id="cite_ref-151" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-151"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>151<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cuisine">Cuisine</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bhubaneswar&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Cuisine"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rasagola.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Rasagola.jpg/220px-Rasagola.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Rasagola.jpg/330px-Rasagola.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Rasagola.jpg/440px-Rasagola.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="1836" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Rasgulla" title="Rasgulla">Pahala rasagola</a>, a sweet which originated in Odisha</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Chenagaja.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Chenagaja.jpg/220px-Chenagaja.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="82" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Chenagaja.jpg/330px-Chenagaja.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Chenagaja.jpg/440px-Chenagaja.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="373" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Chhena_Gaja" class="mw-redirect" title="Chhena Gaja">Chhena Gaja</a>, a sweet of Odisha</figcaption></figure> <p>Key elements of the city's cuisine include rice and a fish curry known as <i><a href="/wiki/Machha_Jhola" class="mw-redirect" title="Machha Jhola">Machha Jhola</a></i>, which can be accompanied by desserts such as <a href="/wiki/Rasagola" class="mw-redirect" title="Rasagola">Rasagola</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rasabali" title="Rasabali">Rasabali</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chhena_Gaja" class="mw-redirect" title="Chhena Gaja">Chhena Gaja</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chhena_Jhili" title="Chhena Jhili">Chhena Jhilli</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chhena_Poda" class="mw-redirect" title="Chhena Poda">Chhena Poda</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-152" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-152"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>152<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Odisha's large repertoire of seafood dishes includes various preparations of <a href="/wiki/Lobsters" class="mw-redirect" title="Lobsters">lobsters</a> and <a href="/wiki/Crabs" class="mw-redirect" title="Crabs">crabs</a> brought in from <a href="/wiki/Chilika_Lake" title="Chilika Lake">Chilika Lake</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-oriyacuis_153-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oriyacuis-153"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>153<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Street foods such as <i><a href="/wiki/Gupchup" class="mw-redirect" title="Gupchup">gupchup</a></i> (a deep-fried crêpe, stuffed with a mix of mashed potatoes and boiled yellow peas, and dipped in tamarind-infused water), <i>cuttack-chaat</i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Dahibara_Aludam" class="mw-redirect" title="Dahibara Aludam">dahibara aloo dum</a></i> (a deep-fried doughnut-shaped lentil dumpling marinated in yogurt-infused water and served alongside potato curry) and <i>bara-ghuguni</i> are sold all over the city.<sup id="cite_ref-154" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-154"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>154<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Traditional Oriya food such as <i><a href="/wiki/Pakhala" title="Pakhala">dahi-pakhala</a></i> (rice soaked in water with yogurt and seasonings) which is considered as a body coolant, accompanied by <i>badi chura</i> or <i>saga</i> are consumed during the months of April–June.<sup id="cite_ref-155" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-155"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>155<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <i>abadha</i> of <a href="/wiki/Lingaraja_Temple" title="Lingaraja Temple">Lingaraja Temple</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ananta_Vasudeva_Temple" title="Ananta Vasudeva Temple">Ananta Vasudeva Temple</a> served for devotees is considered a vegetarian culinary delight. Other vegetarian dishes are <a href="/wiki/Dalma_(cuisine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dalma (cuisine)">Dalma</a> (made of lentils and vegetables boiled together and then fried with other spices) and <a href="/wiki/Santula" title="Santula">Santula</a> (lightly spiced steamed vegetables).<sup id="cite_ref-oriyacuis_153-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oriyacuis-153"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>153<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sports">Sports</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bhubaneswar&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Sports"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kalinga_Stadium_during_ISL.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Kalinga_Stadium_during_ISL.jpg/220px-Kalinga_Stadium_during_ISL.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Kalinga_Stadium_during_ISL.jpg/330px-Kalinga_Stadium_during_ISL.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Kalinga_Stadium_during_ISL.jpg/440px-Kalinga_Stadium_during_ISL.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="790" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Kalinga_Stadium" title="Kalinga Stadium">Kalinga Stadium</a>, Bhubaneswar</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bhubaneswar_Golf_Club.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Bhubaneswar_Golf_Club.jpg/142px-Bhubaneswar_Golf_Club.jpg" decoding="async" width="142" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Bhubaneswar_Golf_Club.jpg/213px-Bhubaneswar_Golf_Club.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Bhubaneswar_Golf_Club.jpg/284px-Bhubaneswar_Golf_Club.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>Bhubaneswar Golf Club</figcaption></figure> <p>Bhubaneswar's major sporting arena is the <a href="/wiki/Kalinga_Stadium" title="Kalinga Stadium">Kalinga Stadium</a>, having facilities for athletics, <a href="/wiki/Association_football" title="Association football">football</a>, <a href="/wiki/Field_hockey" title="Field hockey">hockey</a>, basketball, tennis, table tennis and swimming.<sup id="cite_ref-indoor_156-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-indoor-156"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>156<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-157" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-157"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>157<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-158" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-158"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>158<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It hosted the Odisha Hockey World Cup in November–December <a href="/wiki/2018_Men%27s_Hockey_World_Cup" title="2018 Men's Hockey World Cup">2018</a> and becoming the first city to host two consecutive Field Hockey World cup by hosting the FIH WC with <a href="/wiki/Rourkela" title="Rourkela">Rourkela</a> in January <a href="/wiki/2023_Men%27s_Hockey_World_Cup" class="mw-redirect" title="2023 Men's Hockey World Cup">2023</a>. <a href="/wiki/Kalinga_Lancers" title="Kalinga Lancers">Kalinga Lancers</a>, the sixth franchise of <a href="/wiki/Hockey_India_League" title="Hockey India League">Hockey India League</a> (HIL) and <a href="/wiki/Odisha_FC" title="Odisha FC">Odisha FC</a> of <a href="/wiki/Indian_Super_League" title="Indian Super League">Indian Super League</a> (ISL) are based in Bhubaneswar with <a href="/wiki/Kalinga_Stadium" title="Kalinga Stadium">Kalinga Stadium</a> as their home ground. <a href="/wiki/East_Coast_Railway_Stadium" title="East Coast Railway Stadium">East Coast Railway Stadium</a>, a prominent <a href="/wiki/Cricket" title="Cricket">cricket</a> stadium hosts <a href="/wiki/Ranji_Trophy" title="Ranji Trophy">Ranji Trophy</a> and other matches.<sup id="cite_ref-159" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-159"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>159<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Odisha_Naval_Tata_Hockey_High_Performance_Centre" title="Odisha Naval Tata Hockey High Performance Centre">Odisha Naval Tata Hockey High Performance Centre</a>, a hockey academy for sub-junior and junior category, has also been set up at Kalinga Stadium after Government of Odisha, Tata Steel & Tata Trusts (Hockey Ace foundation) joined hands to initiate a three-pronged program under the HPC banner of <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Odisha" title="Government of Odisha">Government of Odisha</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-160" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-160"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>160<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>The construction of a gallery and stadium renovation is under way. An air-conditioned indoor stadium, with a capacity of 2000 spectators for badminton, volleyball, basketball and table tennis games is also being constructed.<sup id="cite_ref-indoor_156-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-indoor-156"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>156<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Barabati_Stadium" title="Barabati Stadium">Barabati Stadium</a> in Cuttack, Odisha's only venue for international cricket matches, is located around 25 kilometres (16 mi) away.<sup id="cite_ref-161" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-161"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>161<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bhubaneswar has a franchise of Odisha Premier League, Bhubaneswar Jaguars, which started in 2010. <a href="/wiki/Bhubaneswar_Golf_Club" title="Bhubaneswar Golf Club">Bhubaneswar Golf Club</a>, a nine-hole golf course is situated in Infocity.<sup id="cite_ref-162" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-162"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>162<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology Stadium commonly <a href="/wiki/KIIT_Stadium" class="mw-redirect" title="KIIT Stadium">KIIT Stadium</a> is a new multipurpose stadium located as a part of Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology University Campus or KIIT University in Bhubaneswar with a capacity of 40,000. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/2017_Asian_Athletics_Championships" title="2017 Asian Athletics Championships">2017 Asian Athletics Championships</a> was the 22nd edition of the Asian Athletics Championships. It was held from 6–9 July 2017 at the <a href="/wiki/Kalinga_Stadium" title="Kalinga Stadium">Kalinga Stadium</a>. Bhubaneswar is the third Indian city to host the Asian Athletics Championships, with Delhi being the first, in 1989, and Pune, the second, in 2013.<sup id="cite_ref-163" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-163"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>163<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The FIH and the IOA president, Narindar Batra stated in a ceremony that Bhubaneswar is emerging as the new sports capital of India while unveiling the new logo for the Indian hockey team jersey, which is sponsored by the government of Odisha. The state, Batra mentioned, provides equal importance and opportunity for all sports such as cricket, football, field hockey, tennis, badminton, chess and many more.<sup id="cite_ref-164" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-164"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>164<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Media">Media</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bhubaneswar&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Media"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The city's widely circulated Odia-language newspapers are <i><a href="/wiki/Sambad" title="Sambad">Sambad</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Dharitri_(newspaper)" title="Dharitri (newspaper)">Dharitri</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Pragativadi" title="Pragativadi">Pragatibadi</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Samaja" class="mw-redirect" title="Samaja">Samaja</a></i>, News 7, Argus, <i>Khabara</i>, <i>Orissa Bhaskara</i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Prameya" title="Prameya">Prameya</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Samaya" title="Samaya">Samaya</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-newspaper_165-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-newspaper-165"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>165<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Orissa Post</i> and <i>Odia Age</i> are the English-language newspaper that is produced and published from Bhubaneswar. Other popular English-language newspapers published and sold in Bhubaneswar include <i><a href="/wiki/The_Times_of_India" title="The Times of India">The Times of India</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Statesman_(India)" title="The Statesman (India)">The Statesman</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Hindustan_Times" title="Hindustan Times">Hindustan Times</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Hindu" title="The Hindu">The Hindu</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Indian_Express" title="The Indian Express">The Indian Express</a></i> and the <i><a href="/wiki/Asian_Age" class="mw-redirect" title="Asian Age">Asian Age</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-newspaper_165-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-newspaper-165"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>165<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bhubaneswar has substantial circulation of financial dailies, including <i><a href="/wiki/The_Economic_Times" title="The Economic Times">The Economic Times</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Financial_Express_(India)" title="The Financial Express (India)">The Financial Express</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Business_Line" title="Business Line">Business Line</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Business_Standard" title="Business Standard">Business Standard</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-newspaper_165-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-newspaper-165"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>165<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Vernacular newspapers, such as those in the <a href="/wiki/Hindi" title="Hindi">Hindi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bengali_language" title="Bengali language">Bengali</a> and <a href="/wiki/Telugu_language" title="Telugu language">Telugu</a> languages are read by minorities.<sup id="cite_ref-newspaper_165-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-newspaper-165"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>165<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Major periodicals based in Bhubaneswar include <a href="/wiki/Saptahik_Samaya" title="Saptahik Samaya"><i>Saptahika Samaya</i></a>, <i>Saptahika Samaja</i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Kadambini" title="Kadambini">Kadambini</a></i>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/All_India_Radio" title="All India Radio">All India Radio</a>, the national state-owned radio broadcaster, airs several <a href="/wiki/AM_broadcasting" title="AM broadcasting">AM</a> channels from the radio station located in Cuttack.<sup id="cite_ref-air_166-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-air-166"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>166<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bhubaneswar has <a href="/wiki/List_of_FM_radio_stations_in_India" class="mw-redirect" title="List of FM radio stations in India">five local radio stations</a> broadcasting on <a href="/wiki/Frequency_modulation" title="Frequency modulation">FM</a>, including two from <a href="/wiki/All_India_Radio" title="All India Radio">AIR</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-air_166-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-air-166"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>166<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-167" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-167"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>167<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> India's state-owned television broadcaster <a href="/wiki/DD_Odia" title="DD Odia">Doordarshan Odia</a> provides two free-to-air terrestrial channels,<sup id="cite_ref-168" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-168"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>168<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while a mix of <a href="/wiki/Odia_language" title="Odia language">Odia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hindi" title="Hindi">Hindi</a>, <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a> and other regional channels are accessible via <a href="/wiki/Cable_television" title="Cable television">cable subscription</a> and <a href="/wiki/Direct-broadcast_satellite" class="mw-redirect" title="Direct-broadcast satellite">direct-broadcast satellite</a> services. Some of the <a href="/wiki/Odia_language" title="Odia language">Odia language</a> television channels are Sidarth TV, Manjari, Colors Odia, Sarthak TV and <a href="/wiki/Tarang_TV" title="Tarang TV">Tarang TV</a>. <a href="/wiki/List_of_Oriya-language_television_channels#News_&_Current_affairs" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Oriya-language television channels">Odia-language 24-hour television news channels</a> include <a href="/wiki/News_7" class="mw-redirect" title="News 7">News 7</a>, Argus, <a href="/wiki/Odisha_TV" title="Odisha TV">Odisha TV</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kanak_TV" class="mw-redirect" title="Kanak TV">Kanak TV</a>, ETV News Odia, MBC TV and Naxatra News.<sup id="cite_ref-169" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-169"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>169<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_people">Notable people</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bhubaneswar&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Notable people"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Bhubaneswar" title="Special:EditPage/Bhubaneswar">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">November 2023</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The following are some of the notable people associated (i.e. either born or spent a significant part of their life) with Bhubaneswar: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Subroto_Bagchi" title="Subroto Bagchi">Subroto Bagchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranjib_Biswal" title="Ranjib Biswal">Ranjib Biswal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutee_Chand" title="Dutee Chand">Dutee Chand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nabakrushna_Choudhury" class="mw-redirect" title="Nabakrushna Choudhury">Nabakrushna Choudhury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ileana_Citaristi" title="Ileana Citaristi">Ileana Citaristi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bidhu_Bhusan_Das" title="Bidhu Bhusan Das">Bidhu Bhusan Das</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prabhat_Nalini_Das" title="Prabhat Nalini Das">Prabhat Nalini Das</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pankaj_Charan_Das" title="Pankaj Charan Das">Pankaj Charan Das</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._B._S._Haldane" title="J. B. S. Haldane">J. B. S. Haldane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baidyanath_Misra" title="Baidyanath Misra">Baidyanath Misra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B._K._Misra" title="B. K. Misra">B. K. Misra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhubaneswar_Mishra" title="Bhubaneswar Mishra">Bhubaneswar Mishra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bijay_Mohanty" title="Bijay Mohanty">Bijay Mohanty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Debashish_Mohanty" title="Debashish Mohanty">Debashish Mohanty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gopinath_Mohanty" title="Gopinath Mohanty">Gopinath Mohanty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saraju_Mohanty" title="Saraju Mohanty">Saraju Mohanty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uttam_Mohanty" title="Uttam Mohanty">Uttam Mohanty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bibhu_Mohapatra" title="Bibhu Mohapatra">Bibhu Mohapatra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kelucharan_Mohapatra" title="Kelucharan Mohapatra">Kelucharan Mohapatra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mira_Nair" title="Mira Nair">Mira Nair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oopali_Operajita" title="Oopali Operajita">Oopali Operajita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanjukta_Panigrahi" title="Sanjukta Panigrahi">Sanjukta Panigrahi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramesh_Chandra_Parida" title="Ramesh Chandra Parida">Ramesh Chandra Parida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prasanna_Kumar_Patasani" title="Prasanna Kumar Patasani">Prasanna Kumar Patasani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biju_Patnaik" title="Biju Patnaik">Biju Patnaik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janaki_Ballabh_Patnaik" title="Janaki Ballabh Patnaik">Janaki Ballabh Patnaik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naveen_Patnaik" title="Naveen Patnaik">Naveen Patnaik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudarsan_Pattnaik" title="Sudarsan Pattnaik">Sudarsan Pattnaik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rakesh_Pradhan" title="Rakesh Pradhan">Rakesh Pradhan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trilochan_Pradhan" title="Trilochan Pradhan">Trilochan Pradhan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biswa_Kalyan_Rath" title="Biswa Kalyan Rath">Biswa Kalyan Rath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahasweta_Ray" title="Mahasweta Ray">Mahasweta Ray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tandra_Ray" title="Tandra Ray">Tandra Ray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archita_Sahu" title="Archita Sahu">Archita Sahu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salabega" title="Salabega">Salabega</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Achyuta_Samanta" title="Achyuta Samanta">Achyuta Samanta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pathani_Samanta" title="Pathani Samanta">Pathani Samanta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_Spurway" title="Helen Spurway">Helen Spurway</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sister_cities">Sister cities</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bhubaneswar&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Sister cities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Cupertino,_California" title="Cupertino, California">Cupertino, California</a>, United States<sup id="cite_ref-170" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-170"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>170<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-171" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-171"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>171<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa"><img alt="South Africa" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Bloemfontein" title="Bloemfontein">Bloemfontein</a>, South Africa<sup id="cite_ref-172" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-172"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>172<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bhubaneswar&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bhubaneswar_ITIR" title="Bhubaneswar ITIR">Bhubaneswar ITIR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chari_Kshetra" title="Chari Kshetra">Chari Kshetra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghanteswara_Siva_Temple" title="Ghanteswara Siva Temple">Ghanteswara Siva Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_neighbourhoods_in_Bhubaneswar" title="List of neighbourhoods in Bhubaneswar">List of neighbourhoods in Bhubaneswar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_parks_in_Bhubaneswar" title="List of parks in Bhubaneswar">List of parks in Bhubaneswar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_temples_in_Bhubaneswar" class="mw-redirect" title="List of temples in Bhubaneswar">List of temples in Bhubaneswar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_twin_towns_and_sister_cities_in_India" title="List of twin towns and sister cities in India">List of twin towns and sister cities in India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Markandeshwar_Siva_Temple" title="Markandeshwar Siva Temple">Markandeshwar Siva Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nandankanan_Zoological_Park" title="Nandankanan Zoological Park">Nandankanan Zoological Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sankarananda_Matha" title="Sankarananda Matha">Sankarananda Matha</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bhubaneswar&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Bhubaneswar_City-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Bhubaneswar_City_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bhubaneswar_City_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bmc.gov.in/about/profile">":: Bhubaneswar Municipal Corporation"</a>. <i>www.bmc.gov.in</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.bmc.gov.in&rft.atitle=%3A%3A+Bhubaneswar+Municipal+Corporation&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bmc.gov.in%2Fabout%2Fprofile&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABhubaneswar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-census_of_Khorda-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-census_of_Khorda_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.citypopulation.de/php/india-odisha.php?cityid=2141702000">"BBSR (India): Union Territory, Major Agglomerations & Towns – Population Statistics in Maps and Charts"</a>. <i>City Population</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 February</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=City+Population&rft.atitle=BBSR+%28India%29%3A+Union+Territory%2C+Major+Agglomerations+%26+Towns+%E2%80%93+Population+Statistics+in+Maps+and+Charts&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.citypopulation.de%2Fphp%2Findia-odisha.php%3Fcityid%3D2141702000&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABhubaneswar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dailypioneer.com/state-editions/bhubaneswar/amme-bhubaneswariya-goes-viral-on-net.html">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Amme Bhubaneswariya' goes viral on net"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171229172200/http://www.dailypioneer.com/state-editions/bhubaneswar/amme-bhubaneswariya-goes-viral-on-net.html">Archived</a> from the original on 29 December 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 April</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%27Amme+Bhubaneswariya%27+goes+viral+on+net&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dailypioneer.com%2Fstate-editions%2Fbhubaneswar%2Famme-bhubaneswariya-goes-viral-on-net.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABhubaneswar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201020093453/http://whc.unesco.org/en/criteria/">"UNESCO World Heritage Centre – The Criteria for Selection"</a>. 20 October 2020. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://whc.unesco.org/en/criteria/">the original</a> on 20 October 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 December</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=UNESCO+World+Heritage+Centre+%E2%80%93+The+Criteria+for+Selection&rft.date=2020-10-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwhc.unesco.org%2Fen%2Fcriteria%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABhubaneswar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ring_Salkin_Schellinger_Boda_1994_p._121-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Ring_Salkin_Schellinger_Boda_1994_p._121_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRingSalkinSchellingerBoda1994" class="citation book cs1">Ring, T.; Salkin, R. M.; Schellinger, P.E.; Boda, S. L.; Watson, N.; Berney, K. A.; Hudson, C.; Hast, A.; Kulling, P. (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=JqHPpNaZfNwC&pg=PA121"><i>International Dictionary of Historic Places: Asia and Oceania</i></a>. Fitzroy Dearborn. p. 121. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-884964-04-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-884964-04-6"><bdi>978-1-884964-04-6</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 October</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=International+Dictionary+of+Historic+Places%3A+Asia+and+Oceania&rft.pages=121&rft.pub=Fitzroy+Dearborn&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-1-884964-04-6&rft.aulast=Ring&rft.aufirst=T.&rft.au=Salkin%2C+R.+M.&rft.au=Schellinger%2C+P.E.&rft.au=Boda%2C+S.+L.&rft.au=Watson%2C+N.&rft.au=Berney%2C+K.+A.&rft.au=Hudson%2C+C.&rft.au=Hast%2C+A.&rft.au=Kulling%2C+P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJqHPpNaZfNwC%26pg%3DPA121&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABhubaneswar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-D_2014_p._38-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-D_2014_p._38_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFD2014" class="citation book cs1">D, S.C.B. (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=hKQOBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA38"><i>India the Land of Gods</i></a>. Author Solutions. p. 38. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4828-3655-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4828-3655-4"><bdi>978-1-4828-3655-4</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 October</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=India+the+Land+of+Gods&rft.pages=38&rft.pub=Author+Solutions&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1-4828-3655-4&rft.aulast=D&rft.aufirst=S.C.B.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DhKQOBQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA38&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABhubaneswar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDas2016" class="citation book cs1">Das, Piyush (2016). <i>Memory of a Stream: Gandhabati, Sacred Cultural Landscape of Ekamara Kshetra (Bhubaneswar)</i>. New Delhi: Copal Publishing. p. 42. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9383419401" title="Special:BookSources/978-9383419401"><bdi>978-9383419401</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Memory+of+a+Stream%3A+Gandhabati%2C+Sacred+Cultural+Landscape+of+Ekamara+Kshetra+%28Bhubaneswar%29&rft.place=New+Delhi&rft.pages=42&rft.pub=Copal+Publishing&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-9383419401&rft.aulast=Das&rft.aufirst=Piyush&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABhubaneswar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-R._P._Mohapatra,_Page_47-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-R._P._Mohapatra,_Page_47_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Ramesh_Prasad_Mohapatra" title="Ramesh Prasad Mohapatra">Ramesh Prasad Mohapatra</a>, <i>Archaeology in Orissa</i>, Vol I, Page 47, B. R. Publishing Corporation, Delhi, 1986, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/81-7018-346-4" title="Special:BookSources/81-7018-346-4">81-7018-346-4</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-census_of_Khorda2-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-census_of_Khorda2_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">BBSR Metropolitan/City Population section of <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/2117_PART_B_DCHB_KHORDHA.pdf">"BBSR Population Sex Ratio in BBSR Literacy rate BBSR"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/2011_Census_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="2011 Census of India">2011 Census of India</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=2011+Census+of+India&rft.atitle=BBSR+Population+Sex+Ratio+in+BBSR+Literacy+rate+BBSR&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcensusindia.gov.in%2F2011census%2Fdchb%2F2117_PART_B_DCHB_KHORDHA.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABhubaneswar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.orissalinks.com/bigfiles/Draft%20Proposal_CDP%20BDPA-2008/Pre%20Content/Preface.pdf">"Preface of the Comprehensive Development Plan for the Bhubaneswar-Cuttack Urban Complex"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130207230753/http://www.orissalinks.com/bigfiles/Draft%20Proposal_CDP%20BDPA-2008/Pre%20Content/Preface.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 7 February 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 October</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Preface+of+the+Comprehensive+Development+Plan+for+the+Bhubaneswar-Cuttack+Urban+Complex&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.orissalinks.com%2Fbigfiles%2FDraft%2520Proposal_CDP%2520BDPA-2008%2FPre%2520Content%2FPreface.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABhubaneswar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-UNcities2016-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-UNcities2016_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.un.org/en/development/desa/population/publications/pdf/urbanization/the_worlds_cities_in_2016_data_booklet.pdf">"The World's Cities in 2016"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a>. October 2016. p. 4. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170112211410/http://www.un.org/en/development/desa/population/publications/pdf/urbanization/the_worlds_cities_in_2016_data_booklet.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 12 January 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 December</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+World%27s+Cities+in+2016&rft.pages=4&rft.pub=United+Nations&rft.date=2016-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.un.org%2Fen%2Fdevelopment%2Fdesa%2Fpopulation%2Fpublications%2Fpdf%2Furbanization%2Fthe_worlds_cities_in_2016_data_booklet.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABhubaneswar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKalia1994" class="citation book cs1">Kalia, Ravi (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=F2YSPiKbmHkC&pg=PA2"><i>Bhubaneswar: From a Temple Town to a Capital City</i></a>. SIU Press. p. 3. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8093-1876-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8093-1876-6"><bdi>978-0-8093-1876-6</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160610125211/https://books.google.ca/books?id=F2YSPiKbmHkC&pg=PA2">Archived</a> from the original on 10 June 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Mohanty (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=BXWRIYPkVEoC&pg=PA17"><i>Urbanisation, Street Children, and Their Problems</i></a>. Discovery. pp. 17–21. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-7141-924-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-7141-924-1"><bdi>978-81-7141-924-1</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161223225525/https://books.google.com/books?id=BXWRIYPkVEoC&pg=PA17">Archived</a> from the original on 23 December 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 October</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Urbanisation%2C+Street+Children%2C+and+Their+Problems&rft.pages=17-21&rft.pub=Discovery&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-81-7141-924-1&rft.au=Nab+Kishore+Behura&rft.au=Ramesh+P.+Mohanty&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DBXWRIYPkVEoC%26pg%3DPA17&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABhubaneswar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>History, Religion and Culture of India</i>. P.180. S. Gajrani</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fergusson_pp._92–116-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Fergusson_pp._92–116_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFergusson2013" class="citation book cs1">Fergusson, James (2013). "ORISSA". In Burgess, James; Spiers, Richard Phene (eds.). <i>History of Indian and Eastern Architecture</i>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 92–116. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2Fcbo9781139814638.007">10.1017/cbo9781139814638.007</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-139-81463-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-139-81463-8"><bdi>978-1-139-81463-8</bdi></a>. <q>The oldest temple in the town of Bhuvancrwar is probably that called Pararuramejwar (Woodcut No. 312), which, from the termination of the name, as well as the Linga in the cella, and subjects portrayed in the three principal niches of the tower, mark it as a Saiva shrine. </q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=ORISSA&rft.btitle=History+of+Indian+and+Eastern+Architecture&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pages=92-116&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2013&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2Fcbo9781139814638.007&rft.isbn=978-1-139-81463-8&rft.aulast=Fergusson&rft.aufirst=James&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABhubaneswar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Bengal District Gazetteer: Puri</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 December</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+India&rft.atitle=Gateway+to+Bhubaneswar+stinks+of+apathy+and+neglect&rft.date=2012-06-29&rft.aulast=Pradhan&rft.aufirst=Ashok&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2Fcity%2Fbhubaneswar%2FGateway-to-Bhubaneswar-stinks-of-apathy-and-neglect%2Farticleshow%2F14509086.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABhubaneswar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-citybus-110"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-citybus_110-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-citybus_110-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMohapatra2012" class="citation news cs1">Mohapatra, Debabrata (20 October 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bhubaneswar/Bus-operator-launches-e-info-system/articleshow/16885574.cms">"Bus operator launches e-info system"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Times_of_India" title="The Times of India">The Times of India</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130617002324/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-10-20/bhubaneswar/34606108_1_bus-routes-dts-chairman-nishikant-mishra-city-bus-service">Archived</a> from the original on 17 June 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 December</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+India&rft.atitle=Bus+operator+launches+e-info+system&rft.date=2012-10-20&rft.aulast=Mohapatra&rft.aufirst=Debabrata&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2Fcity%2Fbhubaneswar%2FBus-operator-launches-e-info-system%2Farticleshow%2F16885574.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABhubaneswar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140204042055/http://www.hindu.com/2009/04/30/stories/2009043052410300.htm">"Cycle-rickshaws a rarity in capital"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Hindu" title="The Hindu">The Hindu</a></i>. 30 April 2009. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hindu.com/2009/04/30/stories/2009043052410300.htm">the original</a> on 4 February 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 December</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hindu&rft.atitle=Cycle-rickshaws+a+rarity+in+capital&rft.date=2009-04-30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindu.com%2F2009%2F04%2F30%2Fstories%2F2009043052410300.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABhubaneswar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPradhan2011" class="citation news cs1">Pradhan, Ashok (21 May 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bhubaneswar/High-hopes-for-highway-/articleshow/8495804.cms">"High hopes for highway"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Times_of_India" title="The Times of India">The Times of India</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130617002408/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-05-21/bhubaneswar/29568327_1_nhai-plans-national-highways-authority-underpasses">Archived</a> from the original on 17 June 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 December</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+India&rft.atitle=High+hopes+for+highway&rft.date=2011-05-21&rft.aulast=Pradhan&rft.aufirst=Ashok&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2Fcity%2Fbhubaneswar%2FHigh-hopes-for-highway-%2Farticleshow%2F8495804.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABhubaneswar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMohapatra2011" class="citation news cs1">Mohapatra, Debabrata (7 February 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bhubaneswar/Roads-wide-open-to-accidents/articleshow/7447198.cms">"Roads wide open to accidents"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Times_of_India" title="The Times of India">The Times of India</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130617040610/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-02-07/bhubaneswar/28541473_1_road-accidents-janpath-ongoing-road">Archived</a> from the original on 17 June 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 December</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+India&rft.atitle=Roads+wide+open+to+accidents&rft.date=2011-02-07&rft.aulast=Mohapatra&rft.aufirst=Debabrata&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2Fcity%2Fbhubaneswar%2FRoads-wide-open-to-accidents%2Farticleshow%2F7447198.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABhubaneswar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bhubaneswar/new-platform-to-come-up-at-bhubaneswar-railway-station/articleshow/57133161.cms">"New platform to come up at Bhubaneswar railway station – Times of India"</a>. <i>The Times of India</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171222033216/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bhubaneswar/new-platform-to-come-up-at-bhubaneswar-railway-station/articleshow/57133161.cms">Archived</a> from the original on 22 December 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 October</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+India&rft.atitle=New+platform+to+come+up+at+Bhubaneswar+railway+station+%E2%80%93+Times+of+India&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2Fcity%2Fbhubaneswar%2Fnew-platform-to-come-up-at-bhubaneswar-railway-station%2Farticleshow%2F57133161.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABhubaneswar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-115">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bhubaneswar/bhubaneswar-new-station-opened-for-public/articleshow/64894934.cms">"Bhubaneswar New Station opened for public | Bhubaneswar News – Times of India"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Times_of_India" title="The Times of India">The Times of India</a></i>. 7 July 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181223220707/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bhubaneswar/bhubaneswar-new-station-opened-for-public/articleshow/64894934.cms">Archived</a> from the original on 23 December 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 December</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+India&rft.atitle=Bhubaneswar+New+Station+opened+for+public+%26%23124%3B+Bhubaneswar+News+%E2%80%93+Times+of+India&rft.date=2018-07-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2Fcity%2Fbhubaneswar%2Fbhubaneswar-new-station-opened-for-public%2Farticleshow%2F64894934.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABhubaneswar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-116">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSingha2013" class="citation news cs1">Singha, Minati (5 March 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bhubaneswar/International-airport-to-take-off-by-June/articleshow/18804322.cms">"International airport to take off by June"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Times_of_India" title="The Times of India">The Times of India</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131011133555/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-03-05/bhubaneswar/37468355_1_aai-sources-airports-authority-biju-patnaik-airport">Archived</a> from the original on 11 October 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 March</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+India&rft.atitle=International+airport+to+take+off+by+June&rft.date=2013-03-05&rft.aulast=Singha&rft.aufirst=Minati&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2Fcity%2Fbhubaneswar%2FInternational-airport-to-take-off-by-June%2Farticleshow%2F18804322.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABhubaneswar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-117">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Ramesh_Prasad_Mohapatra" title="Ramesh Prasad Mohapatra">Ramesh Prasad Mohapatra</a>, <i>Archaeology in Orissa</i>, Vol I, Page 47-84, B. R. Publishing Corporation, Delhi, 1986, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/81-7018-346-4" title="Special:BookSources/81-7018-346-4">81-7018-346-4</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-118"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-118">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRautray2009" class="citation news cs1">Rautray, Samanwaya (11 April 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140703174743/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1090411/jsp/nation/story_10801416.jsp">"Orissa campaign hits painted wall"</a>. <i>The Telegraph</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.telegraphindia.com/1090411/jsp/nation/story_10801416.jsp">the original</a> on 3 July 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 February</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Orissa+campaign+hits+painted+wall&rft.date=2009-04-11&rft.aulast=Rautray&rft.aufirst=Samanwaya&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraphindia.com%2F1090411%2Fjsp%2Fnation%2Fstory_10801416.jsp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABhubaneswar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-119"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-119">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081118142512/http://www.hindu.com/2008/03/12/stories/2008031251750300.htm">"BMC takes up wall painting"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Hindu" title="The Hindu">The Hindu</a></i>. 12 March 2008. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hindu.com/2008/03/12/stories/2008031251750300.htm">the original</a> on 18 November 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 February</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hindu&rft.atitle=BMC+takes+up+wall+painting&rft.date=2008-03-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindu.com%2F2008%2F03%2F12%2Fstories%2F2008031251750300.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABhubaneswar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-120"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-120">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKuiper2010" class="citation book cs1">Kuiper, Kathleen (2010). <i>The Culture of India</i>. The Rosen Publishing Group. p. 278. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-61530-149-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-61530-149-2"><bdi>978-1-61530-149-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Culture+of+India&rft.pages=278&rft.pub=The+Rosen+Publishing+Group&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1-61530-149-2&rft.aulast=Kuiper&rft.aufirst=Kathleen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABhubaneswar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-121"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-121">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNayak2008" class="citation book cs1">Nayak, Smritilekha (2008). <i>Dance and Architecture: Body, Form, Space and Transformation</i>. pp. 5–6. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-549-96518-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-549-96518-3"><bdi>978-0-549-96518-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dance+and+Architecture%3A+Body%2C+Form%2C+Space+and+Transformation&rft.pages=5-6&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-549-96518-3&rft.aulast=Nayak&rft.aufirst=Smritilekha&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABhubaneswar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-122"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-122">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLemon2004" class="citation book cs1">Lemon, Ralph (2004). <i>Tree: Belief / Culture / Balance</i>. Wesleyan University Press. pp. 69–70. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8195-6699-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8195-6699-7"><bdi>978-0-8195-6699-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tree%3A+Belief+%2F+Culture+%2F+Balance&rft.pages=69-70&rft.pub=Wesleyan+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-8195-6699-7&rft.aulast=Lemon&rft.aufirst=Ralph&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABhubaneswar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-123"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-123">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090418062501/http://www.hindu.com/2007/08/18/stories/2007081850890200.htm">"Dance fete to start from Sept. 14"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Hindu" title="The Hindu">The Hindu</a></i>. 18 August 2007. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 February</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+India&rft.atitle=Khadi+makes+a+cool+fashion+statement&rft.date=2011-03-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2Fcity%2Fbhubaneswar%2FKhadi-makes-a-cool-fashion-statement%2Farticleshow%2F7810685.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABhubaneswar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-128"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-128">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130103220053/http://orissamuseum.nic.in/About_Us.html">"About Odisha State Museum"</a>. Odisha State Museum, Government of Odisha. 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Ministry of Information & Broadcasting, Government of India. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mib.nic.in/writereaddata/html_en_files/tvchannels/channellist.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 5 September 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 January</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Consolidated+list+of+channels+allowed+to+be+carried+by+dable+operators%2F+multi+system+operators%2F+DTH+licensees+in+India&rft.pub=Ministry+of+Information+%26+Broadcasting%2C+Government+of+India&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmib.nic.in%2Fwritereaddata%2Fhtml_en_files%2Ftvchannels%2Fchannellist.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABhubaneswar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-170"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-170">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMatt2011" class="citation news cs1">Matt, Wilson (17 August 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mercurynews.com/cupertino/ci_18701061">"Cupertino adds Bhubaneswar, India, to its list of sister cities"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/San_Jose_Mercury_News" class="mw-redirect" title="San Jose Mercury News">San Jose Mercury News</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160108051819/http://www.mercurynews.com/cupertino/ci_18701061">Archived</a> from the original on 8 January 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 January</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=San+Jose+Mercury+News&rft.atitle=Cupertino+adds+Bhubaneswar%2C+India%2C+to+its+list+of+sister+cities&rft.date=2011-08-17&rft.aulast=Matt&rft.aufirst=Wilson&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mercurynews.com%2Fcupertino%2Fci_18701061&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABhubaneswar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-171"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-171">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160108051819/http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/odisha/article351586.ece">"Cupertino, Bhubaneshwar to become Sister Cities"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_Indian_Express" title="The New Indian Express">The New Indian Express</a></i>. 12 October 2011. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/odisha/article351586.ece">the original</a> on 8 January 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 January</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+Indian+Express&rft.atitle=Cupertino%2C+Bhubaneshwar+to+become+Sister+Cities&rft.date=2011-10-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newindianexpress.com%2Fstates%2Fodisha%2Farticle351586.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABhubaneswar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-172"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-172">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sambadenglish.com/odisha-capital-to-be-linked-with-south-african-city/">"Odisha capital to be linked with South African city | Sambad English"</a>. 14 October 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 May</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Odisha+capital+to+be+linked+with+South+African+city+%7C+Sambad+English&rft.date=2017-10-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsambadenglish.com%2Fodisha-capital-to-be-linked-with-south-african-city%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABhubaneswar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bhubaneswar&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/51px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/68px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikiquote has quotations related to <i><b><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Bhubaneswar" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/Bhubaneswar">Bhubaneswar</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/16px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/24px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, 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class="Z3988"></span> <span class="languageicon">(in English)</span></li> <li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bdabbsr.in/">Bhubaneshwar Development Authority</a></span></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/5916/">Ekamra Kshetra – The Temple City, Bhubaneswar</a>, UNESCO World Heritage Centre</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol 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href="/wiki/Kalinga_War" title="Kalinga War">Kalinga War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalinga_(historical_kingdom)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kalinga (historical kingdom)">Kalinga War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kharavela" title="Kharavela">Kharavela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_K%C3%B6nigsberger" title="Otto Königsberger">Otto Königsberger</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Ahmedabad" title="Geography of Ahmedabad">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Daya_River" title="Daya River">Daya River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deras_Dam" class="mw-redirect" title="Deras Dam">Deras Dam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Ghats" title="Eastern Ghats">Eastern Ghats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanjia_Lake" title="Kanjia Lake">Kanjia Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuakhai_River" title="Kuakhai River">Kuakhai River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahanadi_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Mahanadi River">Mahanadi River</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Administration</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bhubaneswar_Municipal_Corporation" title="Bhubaneswar Municipal Corporation">Bhubaneswar Municipal Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhubaneswar_Development_Authority" title="Bhubaneswar Development Authority">Bhubaneswar Development Authority</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhubaneswar-Cuttack_Police_Commissionerate" class="mw-redirect" title="Bhubaneswar-Cuttack Police Commissionerate">Bhubaneswar-Cuttack Police Commissionerate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odisha_Police" title="Odisha Police">Odisha Police</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Visitors<br />attractions</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Religious</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aisanyesvara_Siva_Temple" title="Aisanyesvara Siva Temple">Aisanyesvara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akhadachandi_Temple" title="Akhadachandi Temple">Akhadachandi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ananta_Vasudeva_Temple" title="Ananta Vasudeva Temple">Ananta Vasudeva Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astasambhu_Siva_Temples" title="Astasambhu Siva Temples">Astasambhu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baitala_Deula" title="Baitala Deula">Baitala Deula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bharati_Matha_Temple" title="Bharati Matha Temple">Bharati Matha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhringesvara_Siva_Temple" title="Bhringesvara Siva Temple">Bhringesvara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhrukutesvar_Siva_Temple" title="Bhrukutesvar Siva Temple">Bhrukutesvar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brahma_Temple,_Bindusagar" title="Brahma Temple, Bindusagar">Brahma Temple, Bindusagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brahmeswara_Temple" title="Brahmeswara Temple">Brahmeswara Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byamokesvara_Temple" title="Byamokesvara Temple">Byamokesvara Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chakreshvari_Siva_Temple" title="Chakreshvari Siva Temple">Chakreshvari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Champakesvara_Siva_Temple" title="Champakesvara Siva Temple">Champakesvara Siva Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandrasekhara_Mahadeva_Temple" title="Chandrasekhara Mahadeva Temple">Chandrasekhara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chintamanisvara_Siva_Temple" title="Chintamanisvara Siva Temple">Chintamanisvara Siva Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devasabha_Temple" title="Devasabha Temple">Devasabha Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dishisvara_Siva_Temple" title="Dishisvara Siva Temple">Dishisvara Siva Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gangesvara_Siva_Temple" title="Gangesvara Siva Temple">Gangesvara Siva Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaleswar_Siva_Temple_Precinct" title="Jaleswar Siva Temple Precinct">Jaleswar Siva Temple Precinct</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kapilesvara_Siva_Temple" title="Kapilesvara Siva Temple">Kapilesvara Siva Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labesvara_Siva_Temple" title="Labesvara Siva Temple">Labesvara Siva Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ladu_Baba_Temple" title="Ladu Baba Temple">Ladu Baba Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lakhesvara_Siva_Temple" title="Lakhesvara Siva Temple">Lakhesvara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lingaraja_Temple" title="Lingaraja Temple">Lingaraja Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madneswar_Siva_Temple" title="Madneswar Siva Temple">Madneswar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mangalesvara_Siva_Temple" title="Mangalesvara Siva Temple">Mangalesvara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mukteshvara_Temple,_Bhubaneswar" title="Mukteshvara Temple, Bhubaneswar">Mukteshvara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagesvara_Temple,_Bhubaneswar" title="Nagesvara Temple, Bhubaneswar">Nagesvara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Western_Gossner_Evangelical_Lutheran_Church" title="North Western Gossner Evangelical Lutheran Church">North Western Gossner Evangelical Lutheran Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orissa_Baptist_Evangelistic_Crusade" title="Orissa Baptist Evangelistic Crusade">Orissa Baptist Evangelistic Crusade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pabaneswara_Temple" title="Pabaneswara Temple">Pabaneswara Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parsurameswar_Temple" class="mw-redirect" title="Parsurameswar Temple">Parsurameswar Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purvesvara_Siva_Temple" title="Purvesvara Siva Temple">Purvesvara Siva Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajarani_Temple" title="Rajarani Temple">Rajarani Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ram_Mandir,_Bhubaneswar" title="Ram Mandir, Bhubaneswar">Ram Mandir, Bhubaneswar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rameshwar_Deula" title="Rameshwar Deula">Rameshwar Deula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Cuttack-Bhubaneswar" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Cuttack-Bhubaneswar">Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Cuttack-Bhubaneswar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarvatresvara_Siva_Temple" title="Sarvatresvara Siva Temple">Sarvatresvara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sivatirtha_Matha,_Old_Town" title="Sivatirtha Matha, Old Town">Sivatirtha Matha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subarnesvara_Siva_Temple" title="Subarnesvara Siva Temple">Subarnesvara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suka_Temple" title="Suka Temple">Suka Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sukutesvara_Temple" title="Sukutesvara Temple">Sukutesvara Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Svapnesvara_Siva_Temple" title="Svapnesvara Siva Temple">Svapnesvara Siva Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talesvara_Siva_Temple" title="Talesvara Siva Temple">Talesvara Siva Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uttaresvara_Siva_Temple" title="Uttaresvara Siva Temple">Uttaresvara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vishnu_Temple,_Bhubaneswar" title="Vishnu Temple, Bhubaneswar">Vishnu Temple, Bhubaneswar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yameshwar_Temple" title="Yameshwar Temple">Yameshwar Temple</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bhima_Kunda" title="Bhima Kunda">Bhima Kunda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bindusagar_Tank" class="mw-redirect" title="Bindusagar Tank">Bindusagar Tank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chakresvara_Tank" title="Chakresvara Tank">Chakresvara Tank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandaka_Elephant_Sanctuary" title="Chandaka Elephant Sanctuary">Chandaka Elephant Sanctuary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chudanga_Gada" title="Chudanga Gada">Chudanga Gada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhauli" title="Dhauli">Dhauli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahabhoi_Sasana_Tank" title="Mahabhoi Sasana Tank">Mahabhoi Sasana Tank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manikarnika_Tank" title="Manikarnika Tank">Manikarnika Tank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nandankanan_Zoological_Park" title="Nandankanan Zoological Park">Nandankanan Zoological Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odisha_State_Museum" title="Odisha State Museum">Odisha State Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramakrishna_Math_and_Mission,_Bhubaneswar" title="Ramakrishna Math and Mission, Bhubaneswar">Ramakrishna Math and Mission, Bhubaneswar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regional_Museum_of_Natural_History,_Bhubaneswar" title="Regional Museum of Natural History, Bhubaneswar">Regional Museum of Natural History, Bhubaneswar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sisupalgarh" title="Sisupalgarh">Sisupalgarh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tribal_Research_Institute_Museum" title="Tribal Research Institute Museum">Tribal Research Institute Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Udayagiri_and_Khandagiri_Caves" class="mw-redirect" title="Udayagiri and Khandagiri Caves">Udayagiri and Khandagiri Caves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yamesvara_Tank_(Nala_Kunda)" title="Yamesvara Tank (Nala Kunda)">Yamesvara Tank (Nala Kunda)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Institutes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Science &<br />research</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/College_of_Basic_Science_and_Humanities,_Bhubaneswar" title="College of Basic Science and Humanities, Bhubaneswar">College of Basic Science and Humanities, Bhubaneswar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Academy_of_Science_and_Technology" title="Eastern Academy of Science and Technology">Eastern Academy of Science and Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indira_Gandhi_Institute_of_Pharmaceutical_Sciences" class="mw-redirect" title="Indira Gandhi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences">Indira Gandhi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Institute_of_Rehabilitation_Sciences_and_Research" title="International Institute of Rehabilitation Sciences and Research">International Institute of Rehabilitation Sciences and Research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konark_Institute_of_Science_and_Technology" title="Konark Institute of Science and Technology">Konark Institute of Science and Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Institute_of_Science_Education_and_Research" title="National Institute of Science Education and Research">National Institute of Science Education and Research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regional_Medical_Research_Center,_Bhubaneswar" title="Regional Medical Research Center, Bhubaneswar">Regional Medical Research Center, Bhubaneswar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Jayadev_College_of_Pharmaceutical_Sciences" title="Sri Jayadev College of Pharmaceutical Sciences">Sri Jayadev College of Pharmaceutical Sciences</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Odisha" title="Education in Odisha">Educational</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Universities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biju_Patnaik_University_of_Technology" title="Biju Patnaik University of Technology">Biju Patnaik University of Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centurion_University_of_Technology_and_Management" class="mw-redirect" title="Centurion University of Technology and Management">Centurion University of Technology and Management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KIIT_University" class="mw-redirect" title="KIIT University">KIIT University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orissa_University_of_Agriculture_and_Technology" class="mw-redirect" title="Orissa University of Agriculture and Technology">OUAT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siksha_O_Anusandhan_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Siksha O Anusandhan University">Siksha O Anusandhan University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Sri_University" title="Sri Sri University">Sri Sri University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utkal_University" title="Utkal University">Utkal University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utkal_University_of_Culture" title="Utkal University of Culture">Utkal University of Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veer_Surendra_Sai_University_of_Technology" title="Veer Surendra Sai University of Technology">Veer Surendra Sai University of Technology</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Center_of_excellence" title="Center of excellence">CoE</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Management_Institute_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="International Management Institute (India)">International Management Institute (India)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xavier_Institute_of_Management,_Bhubaneswar" title="Xavier Institute of Management, Bhubaneswar">XIMB</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asian_School_of_Business_Management" class="mw-redirect" title="Asian School of Business Management">Asian School of Business Management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buxi_Jagabandhu_Bidyadhar_College" title="Buxi Jagabandhu Bidyadhar College">Buxi Jagabandhu Bidyadhar College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C._V._Raman_College_of_Engineering,_Bhubaneshwar" class="mw-redirect" title="C. V. Raman College of Engineering, Bhubaneshwar">C. V. Raman College of Engineering, Bhubaneshwar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Institute_of_Plastic_Engineering_and_Technology,_Bhubaneswar" class="mw-redirect" title="Central Institute of Plastic Engineering and Technology, Bhubaneswar">Central Institute of Plastic Engineering and Technology, Bhubaneswar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/College_of_Engineering_Bhubaneswar" title="College of Engineering Bhubaneswar">College of Engineering Bhubaneswar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/College_of_Engineering_and_Technology" class="mw-redirect" title="College of Engineering and Technology">College of Engineering and Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deba_Ray_College" class="mw-redirect" title="Deba Ray College">Deba Ray College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Institute_of_Planning_and_Management" title="Indian Institute of Planning and Management">Indian Institute of Planning and Management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Institute_of_Technology,_Bhubaneswar" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Institute of Technology, Bhubaneswar">IIT Bhubaneshwar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Institute_of_Information_Technology,_Bhubaneswar" title="International Institute of Information Technology, Bhubaneswar">International Institute of Information Technology, Bhubaneswar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krupajal_Engineering_College,_Bhubaneswar" title="Krupajal Engineering College, Bhubaneswar">Krupajal Engineering College, Bhubaneswar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahavir_Institute_of_Engineering_and_Technology" title="Mahavir Institute of Engineering and Technology">Mahavir Institute of Engineering and Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_Institute_of_Technology_and_Management,_Bhubaneswar" class="mw-redirect" title="Modern Institute of Technology and Management, Bhubaneswar">Modern Institute of Technology and Management, Bhubaneswar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orissa_Engineering_College" title="Orissa Engineering College">Orissa Engineering College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajdhani_College,_Bhubaneswar" title="Rajdhani College, Bhubaneswar">Rajdhani College, Bhubaneswar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rama_Devi_Women%27s_University" title="Rama Devi Women's University">Rama Devi Women's University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regional_College_of_Management" title="Regional College of Management">Regional College of Management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silicon_Institute_of_Technology" class="mw-redirect" title="Silicon Institute of Technology">Silicon Institute of Technology</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Healthcare</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/All_India_Institute_of_Medical_Sciences,_Bhubaneswar" title="All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar">All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hi-Tech_Medical_College_%26_Hospital,_Bhubaneswar" title="Hi-Tech Medical College & Hospital, Bhubaneswar">Hi-Tech Medical College & Hospital, Bhubaneswar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institute_of_Medical_Sciences_and_Sum_Hospital" title="Institute of Medical Sciences and Sum Hospital">Institute of Medical Sciences and Sum Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalinga_Institute_of_Dental_Sciences" class="mw-redirect" title="Kalinga Institute of Dental Sciences">Kalinga Institute of Dental Sciences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalinga_Institute_of_Medical_Sciences" class="mw-redirect" title="Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences">Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Economy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bhubaneswar_ITIR" title="Bhubaneswar ITIR">Bhubaneswar ITIR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhubaneswar_Stock_Exchange" title="Bhubaneswar Stock Exchange">Bhubaneswar Stock Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Aluminium_Company" title="National Aluminium Company">National Aluminium Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pattachitra" title="Pattachitra">Pattachitra</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Transport_in_Bhubaneswar" title="Category:Transport in Bhubaneswar">Transport</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Centres</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Air_Odisha" title="Air Odisha">Air Odisha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhubaneswar_railway_station" title="Bhubaneswar railway station">Bhubaneswar Railway Station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biju_Patnaik_International_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Biju Patnaik International Airport">Biju Patnaik International Airport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Coast_Railway_zone" title="East Coast Railway zone">East Coast Railway zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lingaraj_Temple_Road_railway_station" title="Lingaraj Temple Road railway station">Lingaraj Temple Road Railway Station</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Services</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bhubaneswar_City_Bus" title="Bhubaneswar City Bus">Bhubaneswar City Bus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhubaneswar_BRTS" class="mw-redirect" title="Bhubaneswar BRTS">Bhubaneswar BRTS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odisha_State_Road_Transport_Corporation" title="Odisha State Road Transport Corporation">Odisha State Road Transport Corporation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Roads</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bidyut_Marg" class="mw-redirect" title="Bidyut Marg">Bidyut Marg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ekamra_Marg" class="mw-redirect" title="Ekamra Marg">Ekamra Marg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janpath,_Bhubaneswar" class="mw-redirect" title="Janpath, Bhubaneswar">Janpath, Bhubaneswar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nandan_Kanan_Road" class="mw-redirect" title="Nandan Kanan Road">Nandan Kanan Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Highway_203_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Highway 203 (India)">National Highway 203 (India)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajpath,_Bhubaneswar" class="mw-redirect" title="Rajpath, Bhubaneswar">Rajpath, Bhubaneswar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sachivalaya_Marg" class="mw-redirect" title="Sachivalaya Marg">Sachivalaya Marg</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sports</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Venues</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kalinga_Stadium" title="Kalinga Stadium">Kalinga Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Coast_Railway_Stadium" title="East Coast Railway Stadium">East Coast Railway Stadium</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Teams</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kalinga_Lancers" title="Kalinga Lancers">Kalinga Lancers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odisha_football_team" title="Odisha football team">Odisha football team</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samaleswari_S.C." class="mw-redirect" title="Samaleswari S.C.">Samaleswari S.C.</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Games</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hockey_India_League" title="Hockey India League">Hockey India League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I-League" title="I-League">I-League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odisha_First_Division_League" class="mw-redirect" title="Odisha First Division League">Odisha First Division League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Men%27s_Hockey_Champions_Trophy" title="2014 Men's Hockey Champions Trophy">2014 Men's Hockey Champions Trophy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_institutions_of_higher_education_in_Odisha" title="List of institutions of higher education in Odisha">List of institutions of higher education in Odisha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_neighbourhoods_in_Bhubaneswar" title="List of neighbourhoods in Bhubaneswar">List of neighbourhoods in Bhubaneswar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_temples_in_Bhubaneswar" class="mw-redirect" title="List of temples in Bhubaneswar">List of temples in Bhubaneswar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Bhubaneswar" title="Category:Bhubaneswar">Category:Bhubaneswar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Education_in_Bhubaneswar" title="Category:Education in Bhubaneswar">Category:Education in Bhubaneswar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Economy_of_Bhubaneswar" title="Category:Economy of Bhubaneswar">Category:Economy of Bhubaneswar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Geography_of_Bhubaneswar" title="Category:Geography of Bhubaneswar">Category:Geography of Bhubaneswar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Mass_media_in_Bhubaneswar" title="Category:Mass media in Bhubaneswar">Category:Mass media in Bhubaneswar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Organisations_based_in_Bhubaneswar" title="Category:Organisations based in Bhubaneswar">Category:Organisations based in Bhubaneswar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:People_from_Bhubaneswar" title="Category:People from Bhubaneswar">Category:People from Bhubaneswar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Cities_and_towns_in_Odisha" title="Category:Cities and towns in Odisha">Category:Cities and towns in Odisha</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="x16px&#124;Emblem_of_Odisha_State_of_Odisha" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Odisha" title="Template:Odisha"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Odisha" title="Template talk:Odisha"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Odisha" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Odisha"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="x16px&#124;Emblem_of_Odisha_State_of_Odisha" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Orissa_Flag(INDIA).png" class="mw-file-description" title="Emblem of Odisha"><img alt="Emblem of Odisha" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Orissa_Flag%28INDIA%29.png/24px-Orissa_Flag%28INDIA%29.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Orissa_Flag%28INDIA%29.png/36px-Orissa_Flag%28INDIA%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Orissa_Flag%28INDIA%29.png/48px-Orissa_Flag%28INDIA%29.png 2x" data-file-width="680" data-file-height="454" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/States_and_union_territories_of_India" title="States and union territories of India">State</a> of <a href="/wiki/Odisha" title="Odisha">Odisha</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div>Capital: <b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bhubaneswar</a></b></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_state_symbols" title="List of Indian state symbols">State symbols</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_state_emblems" title="List of Indian state emblems">Emblem</a>: <a href="/wiki/Emblem_of_Odisha" title="Emblem of Odisha">Emblem of Odisha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_state_anthems" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Indian state anthems">Anthem</a>: <a href="/wiki/Bande_Utkala_Janani" title="Bande Utkala Janani">Bande Utkala Janani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_state_animals" title="List of Indian state animals">Animal</a>: <a href="/wiki/Sambar_deer" title="Sambar deer">Sambar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_state_birds" title="List of Indian state birds">Bird</a>: <a href="/wiki/Indian_roller" title="Indian roller">Indian roller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_state_flowers" title="List of Indian state flowers">Flower</a>: <a href="/wiki/Saraca_asoca" title="Saraca asoca">Ashoka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_state_trees" title="List of Indian state trees">Tree</a>: <a href="/wiki/Ficus_religiosa" title="Ficus religiosa">Sacred fig</a></li> <li>Fish: <a href="/wiki/Tor_tor" title="Tor tor">Mahanadi mahseer</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="8" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Konark_Sun_Temple_Wheel.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Konark_Sun_Temple_Wheel.jpg/100px-Konark_Sun_Temple_Wheel.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Konark_Sun_Temple_Wheel.jpg/150px-Konark_Sun_Temple_Wheel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Konark_Sun_Temple_Wheel.jpg/200px-Konark_Sun_Temple_Wheel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Odisha" title="Government of Odisha">Governance</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_Odisha" title="List of governors of Odisha">Governors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_chief_ministers_of_Odisha" title="List of chief ministers of Odisha">Chief ministers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odisha_Legislative_Assembly" title="Odisha Legislative Assembly">Legislative Assembly</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_constituencies_of_the_Odisha_Legislative_Assembly" title="List of constituencies of the Odisha Legislative Assembly">Constituencies</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orissa_High_Court" title="Orissa High Court">High Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odisha_Police" title="Odisha Police">Police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Odisha" title="Elections in Odisha">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Odisha" title="Politics of Odisha">Politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odisha_Human_Rights_Commission" title="Odisha Human Rights Commission">Human Rights Commission</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Odisha" title="History of Odisha">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kalinga_(historical_region)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kalinga (historical region)">Kalinga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_Odisha" title="List of rulers of Odisha">Rulers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahameghavahana_dynasty" title="Mahameghavahana dynasty">Mahameghavahana dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murunda_dynasty" title="Murunda dynasty">Murunda dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nala_dynasty" title="Nala dynasty">Nala dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mathara_dynasty" title="Mathara dynasty">Mathara dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pitrbhakta_dynasty" title="Pitrbhakta dynasty">Pitrbhakta dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shailodbhava_dynasty" title="Shailodbhava dynasty">Shailodbhava dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhauma-Kara_dynasty" title="Bhauma-Kara dynasty">Bhauma-Kara dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhanja_dynasty" title="Bhanja dynasty">Bhanja dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somavamshi_dynasty" title="Somavamshi dynasty">Somavamshi dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Ganga_dynasty" title="Eastern Ganga dynasty">Eastern Ganga dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gajapati_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Gajapati Empire">Gajapati Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhoi_dynasty" title="Bhoi dynasty">Bhoi dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orissa_Tributary_States" title="Orissa Tributary States">Orissa Tributary States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utkal_Sammilani" title="Utkal Sammilani">Utkal Sammilani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historic_sites_in_Odisha" title="Historic sites in Odisha">Historic sites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maritime_history_of_Odisha" title="Maritime history of Odisha">Maritime history of Odisha</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Odisha" title="Geography of Odisha">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flora_and_fauna_of_Odisha" title="Flora and fauna of Odisha">Flora and Fauna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forests_in_Odisha" title="Forests in Odisha">Forests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utkal_Plains" title="Utkal Plains">Utkal Plains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garhjat_Hills" title="Garhjat Hills">Garhjat Hills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chilika_Lake" title="Chilika Lake">Chilika Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deomali_(mountain)" title="Deomali (mountain)">Deomali (Highest point)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Kalam_Island" title="Abdul Kalam Island">Abdul Kalam Island</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_districts_of_Odisha" title="List of districts of Odisha">Districts</a><br />by<br /><a href="/wiki/Divisions_of_Odisha" class="mw-redirect" title="Divisions of Odisha">division</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left; background-color: #eee;">Northern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angul_district" title="Angul district">Angul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balangir_district" title="Balangir district">Balangir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bargarh_district" title="Bargarh district">Bargarh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Debagarh_district" title="Debagarh district">Debagarh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhenkanal_district" title="Dhenkanal district">Dhenkanal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jharsuguda_district" title="Jharsuguda district">Jharsuguda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kendujhar_district" title="Kendujhar district">Kendujhar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sambalpur_district" title="Sambalpur district">Sambalpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subarnapur_district" title="Subarnapur district">Subarnapur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sundergarh_district" title="Sundergarh district">Sundergarh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left; background-color: #eee;">Central</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balasore_district" title="Balasore district">Balasore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhadrak_district" title="Bhadrak district">Bhadrak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuttack_district" title="Cuttack district">Cuttack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jagatsinghpur_district" title="Jagatsinghpur district">Jagatsinghpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jajpur_district" title="Jajpur district">Jajpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kendrapara_district" title="Kendrapara district">Kendrapara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khordha_district" title="Khordha district">Khordha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayurbhanj_district" title="Mayurbhanj district">Mayurbhanj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nayagarh_district" title="Nayagarh district">Nayagarh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puri_district" title="Puri district">Puri</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left; background-color: #eee;">Southern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boudh_district" title="Boudh district">Boudh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gajapati_district" title="Gajapati district">Gajapati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganjam_district" title="Ganjam district">Ganjam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalahandi_district" title="Kalahandi district">Kalahandi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kandhamal_district" title="Kandhamal district">Kandhamal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koraput_district" title="Koraput district">Koraput</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malkangiri_district" title="Malkangiri district">Malkangiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nabarangpur_district" title="Nabarangpur district">Nabrangpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuapada_district" title="Nuapada district">Nuapada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rayagada_district" title="Rayagada district">Rayagada</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Odisha_by_population" title="List of cities in Odisha by population">Cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angul" title="Angul">Angul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balangir" title="Balangir">Balangir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balasore" title="Balasore">Balasore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbil" title="Barbil">Barbil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bargarh" title="Bargarh">Bargarh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baripada" title="Baripada">Baripada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhadrak" title="Bhadrak">Bhadrak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhawanipatna" title="Bhawanipatna">Bhawanipatna</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bhubaneswar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berhampur" title="Berhampur">Berhampur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuttack" title="Cuttack">Cuttack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhenkanal" title="Dhenkanal">Dhenkanal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jajpur" title="Jajpur">Jajpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jharsuguda" title="Jharsuguda">Jharsuguda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeypore" title="Jeypore">Jeypore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joda" title="Joda">Joda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kendrapara" title="Kendrapara">Kendrapara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kendujhar" title="Kendujhar">Kendujhar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khordha" title="Khordha">Khordha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paradeep" title="Paradeep">Paradeep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puri" title="Puri">Puri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rourkela" title="Rourkela">Rourkela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sambalpur" title="Sambalpur">Sambalpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talcher" title="Talcher">Talcher</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geographical_indication" title="Geographical indication">GI products</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Berhampur_Patta" title="Berhampur Patta">Berhampur Patta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bomkai_sari" title="Bomkai sari">Bomkai sari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhalapathar_Parda_%26_Fabrics" title="Dhalapathar Parda & Fabrics">Dhalapathar Parda & Fabrics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganjam_Kewda_Flower" title="Ganjam Kewda Flower">Ganjam Kewda Flower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganjam_Kewda_Rooh" title="Ganjam Kewda Rooh">Ganjam Kewda Rooh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gopalpur_Tussar_Fabrics" title="Gopalpur Tussar Fabrics">Gopalpur Tussar Fabrics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habaspuri_sari" title="Habaspuri sari">Habaspuri sari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khandua" title="Khandua">Khandua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konark_stone_carving" class="mw-redirect" title="Konark stone carving">Konark stone carving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kotpad_Handloom_fabrics" title="Kotpad Handloom fabrics">Kotpad Handloom fabrics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odisha_Ikat" title="Odisha Ikat">Odisha Ikat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pattachitra" title="Pattachitra">Pattachitra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pipili_appliqu%C3%A9_work" title="Pipili appliqué work">Pipili appliqué work</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rasgulla" title="Rasgulla">Odisha Rasagola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sambalpuri_sari" title="Sambalpuri sari">Sambalpuri sari</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Odisha" title="Category:Odisha">Topics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arts_of_Odisha" title="Arts of Odisha">Arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Odisha" title="Cinema of Odisha">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Odisha" title="Cuisine of Odisha">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Odisha" title="Culture of Odisha">Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odisha_Day" title="Odisha Day">Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Odisha" title="Economy of Odisha">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Odisha" title="Education in Odisha">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Festivals_of_Odisha" title="Festivals of Odisha">Festivals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odia_language" title="Odia language">Language</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Orissa_Official_Language_Act,_1954" title="The Orissa Official Language Act, 1954">Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odia_script" title="Odia script">Script</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odia_literature" title="Odia literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odia_grammar" title="Odia grammar">Grammar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odia_people" title="Odia people">People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Scheduled_Tribes_in_Odisha" title="List of Scheduled Tribes in Odisha">Tribes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sports_in_Odisha" title="Sports in Odisha">Sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Odisha" title="Tourism in Odisha">Tourism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/32px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/48px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/64px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:India" title="Portal:India">India portal</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="State_and_Union_Territory_capitals_of_India" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:State_and_Union_Territory_capitals_of_India" title="Template:State and Union Territory capitals of India"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:State_and_Union_Territory_capitals_of_India" title="Template talk:State and Union Territory capitals of India"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:State_and_Union_Territory_capitals_of_India" title="Special:EditPage/Template:State and Union Territory capitals of India"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="State_and_Union_Territory_capitals_of_India" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/States_and_union_territories_of_India" title="States and union territories of India">State and Union Territory</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_state_and_union_territory_capitals_in_India" title="List of state and union territory capitals in India">capitals</a> of <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Administrative</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agartala" title="Agartala">Agartala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aizawl" title="Aizawl">Aizawl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amaravati" title="Amaravati">Amaravati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangalore" class="mw-redirect" title="Bangalore">Bangalore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhopal" title="Bhopal">Bhopal</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bhubaneswar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandigarh" title="Chandigarh">Chandigarh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chennai" title="Chennai">Chennai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daman,_India" title="Daman, India">Daman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dehradun" title="Dehradun">Dehradun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dispur" title="Dispur">Dispur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gandhinagar" title="Gandhinagar">Gandhinagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gangtok" title="Gangtok">Gangtok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyderabad" title="Hyderabad">Hyderabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imphal" title="Imphal">Imphal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Itanagar" title="Itanagar">Itanagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaipur" title="Jaipur">Jaipur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jammu" title="Jammu">Jammu</a> (<i>winter</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kargil" title="Kargil">Kargil</a> (<i>winter</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kavaratti" title="Kavaratti">Kavaratti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kohima" title="Kohima">Kohima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kolkata" title="Kolkata">Kolkata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leh" title="Leh">Leh</a> (<i>summer</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucknow" title="Lucknow">Lucknow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai">Mumbai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Delhi" title="New Delhi">New Delhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panaji" title="Panaji">Panaji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patna" title="Patna">Patna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pondicherry" title="Pondicherry">Pondicherry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_Blair" title="Port Blair">Port Blair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranchi" title="Ranchi">Ranchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raipur" title="Raipur">Raipur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shillong" title="Shillong">Shillong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shimla" title="Shimla">Shimla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Srinagar" title="Srinagar">Srinagar</a> (<i>summer</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thiruvananthapuram" title="Thiruvananthapuram">Thiruvananthapuram</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Legislative</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agartala" title="Agartala">Agartala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aizawl" title="Aizawl">Aizawl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amaravati" title="Amaravati">Amaravati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangalore" class="mw-redirect" title="Bangalore">Bangalore</a> (<i>summer</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgaum" title="Belgaum">Belgaum</a> (<i>winter</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhararisain" title="Bhararisain">Bhararisain</a> (<i>summer</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhopal" title="Bhopal">Bhopal</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bhubaneswar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandigarh" title="Chandigarh">Chandigarh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chennai" title="Chennai">Chennai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dharamshala" title="Dharamshala">Dharamshala</a> (<i>winter</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dehradun" title="Dehradun">Dehradun</a> (<i>winter</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gandhinagar" title="Gandhinagar">Gandhinagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gangtok" title="Gangtok">Gangtok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guwahati" title="Guwahati">Guwahati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyderabad" title="Hyderabad">Hyderabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imphal" title="Imphal">Imphal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Itanagar" title="Itanagar">Itanagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaipur" title="Jaipur">Jaipur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jammu" title="Jammu">Jammu</a> (<i>winter</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kohima" title="Kohima">Kohima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kolkata" title="Kolkata">Kolkata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucknow" title="Lucknow">Lucknow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai">Mumbai</a> (<i>summer</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagpur" title="Nagpur">Nagpur</a> (<i>winter</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Delhi" title="New Delhi">New Delhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patna" title="Patna">Patna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pondicherry" title="Pondicherry">Pondicherry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porvorim" title="Porvorim">Porvorim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raipur" title="Raipur">Raipur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranchi" title="Ranchi">Ranchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shillong" title="Shillong">Shillong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shimla" title="Shimla">Shimla</a> (<i>summer</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Srinagar" title="Srinagar">Srinagar</a> (<i>summer</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thiruvananthapuram" title="Thiruvananthapuram">Thiruvananthapuram</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Judicial</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agartala" title="Agartala">Agartala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmedabad" title="Ahmedabad">Ahmedabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amaravati" title="Amaravati">Amaravati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangalore" class="mw-redirect" title="Bangalore">Bangalore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bilaspur,_Chhattisgarh" title="Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh">Bilaspur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandigarh" title="Chandigarh">Chandigarh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chennai" title="Chennai">Chennai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuttack" title="Cuttack">Cuttack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gangtok" title="Gangtok">Gangtok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guwahati" title="Guwahati">Guwahati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyderabad" title="Hyderabad">Hyderabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imphal" title="Imphal">Imphal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jabalpur" title="Jabalpur">Jabalpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jodhpur" title="Jodhpur">Jodhpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jammu" title="Jammu">Jammu</a> (<i>winter</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kochi" title="Kochi">Kochi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kolkata" title="Kolkata">Kolkata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai">Mumbai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nainital" title="Nainital">Nainital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Delhi" title="New Delhi">New Delhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patna" title="Patna">Patna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prayagraj" title="Prayagraj">Prayagraj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranchi" title="Ranchi">Ranchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shillong" title="Shillong">Shillong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shimla" title="Shimla">Shimla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Srinagar" title="Srinagar">Srinagar</a> (<i>summer</i>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Khordha_district" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Khordha_district" title="Template:Khordha district"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Khordha_district" title="Template talk:Khordha district"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Khordha_district" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Khordha district"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Khordha_district" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Khordha_district" title="Khordha district">Khordha district</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_constituencies_of_Odisha_Legislative_Assembly" class="mw-redirect" title="List of constituencies of Odisha Legislative Assembly">Constituencies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Begunia_(Vidhan_Sabha_constituency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Begunia (Vidhan Sabha constituency)">Begunia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhubaneswar_Central_(Vidhan_Sabha_Constituency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bhubaneswar Central (Vidhan Sabha Constituency)">Bhubaneswar Central</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhubaneswar_North_(Vidhan_Sabha_Constituency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bhubaneswar North (Vidhan Sabha Constituency)">Bhubaneswar North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chilika_(Vidhan_Sabha_constituency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chilika (Vidhan Sabha constituency)">Chilika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ekamra-Bhubaneswar_(Vidhan_Sabha_constituency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ekamra-Bhubaneswar (Vidhan Sabha constituency)">Ekamra-Bhubaneswar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jatani_(Vidhan_Sabha_constituency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jatani (Vidhan Sabha constituency)">Jatani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jayadev_(Vidhan_Sabha_constituency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jayadev (Vidhan Sabha constituency)">Jayadev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khurda_(Vidhan_Sabha_constituency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Khurda (Vidhan Sabha constituency)">Khurda</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Towns and villages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baghamari" title="Baghamari">Baghamari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balugaon" title="Balugaon">Balugaon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banapur" title="Banapur">Banapur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Begunia" title="Begunia">Begunia</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bhubaneswar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dungamal" title="Dungamal">Dungamal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gandarpur" title="Gandarpur">Gandarpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jatani" title="Jatani">Jatani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jhinkijhari" title="Jhinkijhari">Jhinkijhari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khurda_(Khordha)" class="mw-redirect" title="Khurda (Khordha)">Khordha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mangalajodi" title="Mangalajodi">Mangalajodi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pratapsasan" title="Pratapsasan">Pratapsasan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sundarpur,_Khurda" title="Sundarpur, Khurda">Sundarpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tangi,_Odisha" title="Tangi, Odisha">Tangi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_districts_of_Odisha" title="List of districts of Odisha">Other districts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Angul_district" title="Template:Angul district">Angul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Balangir_district" title="Template:Balangir district">Balangir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Balasore_district" title="Template:Balasore district">Balasore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Bargarh_district" title="Template:Bargarh district">Bargarh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Bhadrak_district" title="Template:Bhadrak district">Bhadrak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Boudh_district" title="Template:Boudh district">Boudh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Cuttack_district" title="Template:Cuttack district">Cuttack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Debagarh_district" title="Template:Debagarh district">Debagarh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Dhenkanal_district" title="Template:Dhenkanal district">Dhenkanal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Gajapati_district" title="Template:Gajapati district">Gajapati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Ganjam_district" title="Template:Ganjam district">Ganjam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Jagatsinghpur_district" title="Template:Jagatsinghpur district">Jagatsinghpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Jajpur_district" title="Template:Jajpur district">Jajpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Jharsuguda_district" title="Template:Jharsuguda district">Jharsuguda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Kalahandi_district" title="Template:Kalahandi district">Kalahandi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Kandhamal_district" title="Template:Kandhamal district">Kandhamal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Kendrapara_district" title="Template:Kendrapara district">Kendrapara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Kendujhar_district" title="Template:Kendujhar district">Kendujhar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Koraput_district" title="Template:Koraput district">Koraput</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Malkangiri_district" title="Template:Malkangiri district">Malkangiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Mayurbhanj_district" title="Template:Mayurbhanj district">Mayurbhanj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Nabarangpur_district" title="Template:Nabarangpur district">Nabarangpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Nayagarh_district" title="Template:Nayagarh district">Nayagarh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Nuapada_district" title="Template:Nuapada district">Nuapada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Puri_district" title="Template:Puri district">Puri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Rayagada_district" title="Template:Rayagada district">Rayagada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Sambalpur_district" title="Template:Sambalpur district">Sambalpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Subarnapur_district" title="Template:Subarnapur district">Subarnapur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Sundergarh_district" title="Template:Sundergarh district">Sundergarh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Industrial_hubs_in_Odisha" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Industrial_hubs_in_Odisha" title="Template:Industrial hubs in Odisha"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Industrial_hubs_in_Odisha" title="Template talk:Industrial hubs in Odisha"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Industrial_hubs_in_Odisha" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Industrial hubs in Odisha"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Industrial_hubs_in_Odisha" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Industrial hubs in <a href="/wiki/Odisha" title="Odisha">Odisha</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angul" title="Angul">Angul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balasore" title="Balasore">Balasore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbil" title="Barbil">Barbil</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bhubaneswar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brajarajnagar" title="Brajarajnagar">Brajarajnagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandikhole" title="Chandikhole">Chandikhole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Choudwar" title="Choudwar">Choudwar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuttack" title="Cuttack">Cuttack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Damanjodi" title="Damanjodi">Damanjodi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hirakud" title="Hirakud">Hirakud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jharsuguda" title="Jharsuguda">Jharsuguda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joda" title="Joda">Joda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalinganagar" title="Kalinganagar">Kalinganagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalunga_Industrial_Estate" title="Kalunga Industrial Estate">Kalunga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kansbahal" title="Kansbahal">Kansbahal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paradeep" title="Paradeep">Paradeep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajgangpur" title="Rajgangpur">Rajgangpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rayagada" title="Rayagada">Rayagada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rourkela" title="Rourkela">Rourkela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunabeda" title="Sunabeda">Sunabeda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talcher" title="Talcher">Talcher</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Municipalities_of_Odisha" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Municipalities_of_Odisha" title="Template:Municipalities of Odisha"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Municipalities_of_Odisha" title="Template talk:Municipalities of Odisha"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Municipalities_of_Odisha" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Municipalities of Odisha"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Municipalities_of_Odisha" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Municipalities of <a href="/wiki/Odisha" title="Odisha">Odisha</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Municipal_corporation" title="Municipal corporation">Municipal<br />corporations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bhubaneswar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuttack" title="Cuttack">Cuttack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brahmapur,_Odisha" class="mw-redirect" title="Brahmapur, Odisha">Brahmapur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sambalpur" title="Sambalpur">Sambalpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rourkela" title="Rourkela">Rourkela</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Municipality" title="Municipality">Municipalities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anandapur" title="Anandapur">Anandapur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angul" title="Angul">Angul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asika" title="Asika">Asika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbil" title="Barbil">Barbil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balangir" title="Balangir">Balangir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balasore" title="Balasore">Balasore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bargarh" title="Bargarh">Bargarh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baripada" title="Baripada">Baripada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhadrak" title="Bhadrak">Bhadrak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhawanipatna" title="Bhawanipatna">Bhawanipatna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biramitrapur" title="Biramitrapur">Biramitrapur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boudh" title="Boudh">Baudhgarh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brajarajnagar" title="Brajarajnagar">Brajarajnagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byasanagar" title="Byasanagar">Byasanagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Choudwar" title="Choudwar">Choudwar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chhatrapur" title="Chhatrapur">Chhatrapur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Debagarh" title="Debagarh">Debagarh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhenkanal" title="Dhenkanal">Dhenkanal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gunupur" title="Gunupur">Gunupur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hinjilicut" title="Hinjilicut">Hinjilicut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jagatsinghpur" title="Jagatsinghpur">Jagatsinghpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jajpur" title="Jajpur">Jajpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jatani" title="Jatani">Jatani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeypore" title="Jeypore">Jeypore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jharsuguda" title="Jharsuguda">Jharsuguda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joda" title="Joda">Joda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kendrapara" title="Kendrapara">Kendrapara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kendujhar" title="Kendujhar">Kendujhar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khordha" title="Khordha">Khordha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nabarangpur" title="Nabarangpur">Nabarangpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nayagarh" title="Nayagarh">Nayagarh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuapada" title="Nuapada">Nuapada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paradeep" title="Paradeep">Paradeep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paralakhemundi" title="Paralakhemundi">Paralakhemundi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phulbani" title="Phulbani">Phulbani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puri" title="Puri">Puri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajgangpur" title="Rajgangpur">Rajgangpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rayagada" title="Rayagada">Rayagada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subarnapur,_Odisha" title="Subarnapur, Odisha">Subarnapur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sundergarh" title="Sundergarh">Sundergarh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talcher" title="Talcher">Talcher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basudebpur" title="Basudebpur">Basudebpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaleswar" title="Jaleswar">Jaleswar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kantabanji" title="Kantabanji">Kantabanji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koraput" title="Koraput">Koraput</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malkangiri" title="Malkangiri">Malkangiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pattamundai" title="Pattamundai">Pattamundai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rairangpur" title="Rairangpur">Rairangpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soro,_Balasore" title="Soro, Balasore">Soro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunabeda" title="Sunabeda">Sunabeda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titlagarh" title="Titlagarh">Titlagarh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umerkote" title="Umerkote">Umerkote</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nagar_panchayat" title="Nagar panchayat">NAC</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agarpada&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Agarpada (page does not exist)">Agarpada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athagad" title="Athagad">Athagad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attabira" class="mw-redirect" title="Attabira">Attabira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balimela" title="Balimela">Balimela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balugaon" title="Balugaon">Balugaon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bamra" class="mw-redirect" title="Bamra">Bamra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banapur" title="Banapur">Banapur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banki,_Odisha" title="Banki, Odisha">Banki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barapali" title="Barapali">Barapali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bargarh" title="Bargarh">Bargarh</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Basta,_Odisha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Basta, Odisha (page does not exist)">Basta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Begunia" title="Begunia">Begunia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belaguntha" title="Belaguntha">Belaguntha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belpahar" title="Belpahar">Belpahar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bheden&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bheden (page does not exist)">Bheden</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Belpada&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Belpada (page does not exist)">Belpada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhadrak" title="Bhadrak">Bhadrak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhanjanagar" title="Bhanjanagar">Bhanjanagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Binika" title="Binika">Binika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Binjharpur" class="mw-redirect" title="Binjharpur">Binjharpur</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bissamcuttack&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bissamcuttack (page does not exist)">Bissamcuttack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhuban" title="Bhuban">Bhuban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borigumma" title="Borigumma">Borigumma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buguda" title="Buguda">Buguda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burla,_India" title="Burla, India">Burla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandikhole" title="Chandikhole">Chandikhole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandili" title="Chandili">Chandili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chhendipada" class="mw-redirect" title="Chhendipada">Chhendipada</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dunguripali&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dunguripali (page does not exist)">Dunguripali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganjam" title="Ganjam">Ganjam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gop,_Odisha" title="Gop, Odisha">Go</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gopalpur,_Odisha" title="Gopalpur, Odisha">Gopalpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gudari,_Rayagada" title="Gudari, Rayagada">Gudari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hirakud" title="Hirakud">Hirakud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaipatna" title="Jaipatna">Jaipatna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jarka" title="Jarka">Jarka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Junagarh,_Kalahandi" title="Junagarh, Kalahandi">Junagarh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamakhyanagar" title="Kamakhyanagar">Kamakhyanagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kantilo" title="Kantilo">Kantilo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kantamal" class="mw-redirect" title="Kantamal">Kantamal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karanjia" title="Karanjia">Karanjia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashinagara" title="Kashinagara">Kashinagara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kabisuryanagar" title="Kabisuryanagar">Kabisuryanagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kesinga" title="Kesinga">Kesinga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khallikote" title="Khallikote">Khallikote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khandapada" title="Khandapada">Khandapada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khariar" title="Khariar">Khariar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khariar_Road" title="Khariar Road">Khariar Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kodala" title="Kodala">Kodala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konark" title="Konark">Konark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kotpad" title="Kotpad">Kotpad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuchinda" title="Kuchinda">Kuchinda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kukudakhandi" title="Kukudakhandi">Kukudakhandi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muniguda" title="Muniguda">Muniguda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narsinghpur" title="Narsinghpur">Narsinghpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niali" title="Niali">Niali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nilagiri" title="Nilagiri">Nilagiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nimapada" title="Nimapada">Nimapada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuapada" title="Nuapada">Nuapada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Padmapur" title="Padmapur">Padmapur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paikmal" title="Paikmal">Paikmal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pallahara" title="Pallahara">Pallahara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panikoili" title="Panikoili">Panikoili</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parjang&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Parjang (page does not exist)">Parjang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patnagarh" title="Patnagarh">Patnagarh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pipili" title="Pipili">Pipili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polasara" title="Polasara">Polasara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puri" title="Puri">Puri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purusottampur" title="Purusottampur">Purusottampur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raikia" title="Raikia">Raikia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rairakhol" class="mw-redirect" title="Rairakhol">Redhakho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rambha,_Odisha" title="Rambha, Odisha">Rambhaa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rayagada" title="Rayagada">Rayagada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salepur" title="Salepur">Salepur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saintala" title="Saintala">Saintala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sambalpur" title="Sambalpur">Sambalpur</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sheragarh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sheragarh (page does not exist)">Sheragarh</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Simulia,_Odisha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Simulia, Odisha (page does not exist)">Simulia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinapali" title="Sinapali">Sinapali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subarnapur,_Odisha" title="Subarnapur, Odisha">Subarnapur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sundergarh" title="Sundergarh">Sundergarh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surada" title="Surada">Surada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tangi,_Odisha" title="Tangi, Odisha">Tangi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarbha" title="Tarbha">Tarbha</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px 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