CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Ammonia transporter - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"50b1957c-6857-4336-9e90-073323c63611","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Ammonia_transporter","wgTitle":"Ammonia transporter","wgCurRevisionId":1187810845,"wgRevisionId":1187810845,"wgArticleId":33049356,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","All articles with unsourced statements","Articles with unsourced statements from November 2013","Articles with imported Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 text","Solute carrier family"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Ammonia_transporter","wgRelevantArticleId":33049356,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true, "wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":10000,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q24739617","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false, "wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init", "ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.16"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1c/Rhcg_3hd6.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1120"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1c/Rhcg_3hd6.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="747"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="597"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Ammonia transporter - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ammonia_transporter"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Ammonia_transporter&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ammonia_transporter"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Ammonia_transporter rootpage-Ammonia_transporter skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" title="Main menu" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="n-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages"><span>Special pages</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Ammonia+transporter" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Ammonia+transporter" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Ammonia+transporter" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Ammonia+transporter" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Structure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Structure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Structure</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Structure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Substrate_specificity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Substrate_specificity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Substrate specificity</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Substrate_specificity-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Substrate specificity subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Substrate_specificity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Transport_reaction" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transport_reaction"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Transport reaction</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transport_reaction-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mechanism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mechanism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Mechanism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mechanism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Regulation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Regulation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Regulation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Regulation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Human_ammonia_transporter-related_proteins" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Human_ammonia_transporter-related_proteins"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Human ammonia transporter-related proteins</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Human_ammonia_transporter-related_proteins-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Ammonia transporter</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="This article exist only in this language. Add the article for other languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-0" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Add languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="uls-after-portlet-link"></span><span class="wb-langlinks-add wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q24739617#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Add interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Add links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Ammonia_transporter" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Ammonia_transporter" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Ammonia_transporter"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ammonia_transporter&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ammonia_transporter&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Ammonia_transporter"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ammonia_transporter&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ammonia_transporter&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Ammonia_transporter" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Ammonia_transporter" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ammonia_transporter&oldid=1187810845" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ammonia_transporter&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Ammonia_transporter&id=1187810845&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FAmmonia_transporter"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FAmmonia_transporter"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Ammonia_transporter&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ammonia_transporter&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q24739617" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Protein family</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above">Ammonia transporter</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Rhcg_3hd6.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Rhcg_3hd6.png/220px-Rhcg_3hd6.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="205" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1c/Rhcg_3hd6.png 1.5x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="280" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Human Rhesus C Glycoprotein. <a href="/wiki/Protein_Data_Bank" title="Protein Data Bank">PDB</a> <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbe/entry/pdb/3hd6">3hd6</a></span><sup id="cite_ref-rhcgstruct_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rhcgstruct-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #ddd; color:inherit;">Identifiers</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: #e7dcc3; color:inherit;">Symbol</th><td class="infobox-data" style="background-color: #eee; color:inherit;">AmtB</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: #e7dcc3; color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Pfam" title="Pfam">Pfam</a></th><td class="infobox-data pfam" style="background-color: #eee; color:inherit;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/interpro/entry/pfam/PF00909">PF00909</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: #e7dcc3; color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/InterPro" title="InterPro">InterPro</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="background-color: #eee; color:inherit;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/interpro/entry/IPR001905">IPR001905</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: #e7dcc3; color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/TCDB" class="mw-redirect" title="TCDB">TCDB</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="background-color: #eee; color:inherit;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tcdb.org/search/result.php?tc=1.A.11">1.A.11</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: #e7dcc3; color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Orientations_of_Proteins_in_Membranes_database" title="Orientations of Proteins in Membranes database">OPM superfamily</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="background-color: #eee; color:inherit;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opm.phar.umich.edu/protein_superfamilies/13">13</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: #e7dcc3; color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Orientations_of_Proteins_in_Membranes_database" title="Orientations of Proteins in Membranes database">OPM protein</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="background-color: #eee; color:inherit;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opm.phar.umich.edu/proteins?search=2ns1">2ns1</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="background-color: #eee; color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="float:none; clear:none; margin:0; border-width:0; border-collapse:collapse; text-align:left; width:100%"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #ddd; color:inherit;">Available protein structures:</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: #e7dcc3; color:inherit; border:#fafafa 2px solid; border-width:3px 2px 0 0;"><a href="/wiki/Pfam" title="Pfam">Pfam</a>  </th><td class="infobox-data" style="background-color: #eee; color:inherit; border:#fafafa 2px solid; border-width:3px 0 0 2px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pfam.xfam.org/family/PF00909?tab=pdbBlock">structures</a> / <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://prodata.swmed.edu/ecod/complete/search?kw=PF00909">ECOD</a>  </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: #e7dcc3; color:inherit; border:#fafafa 2px solid; border-width:3px 2px 0 0;"><a href="/wiki/Protein_Data_Bank" title="Protein Data Bank">PDB</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="background-color: #eee; color:inherit; border:#fafafa 2px solid; border-width:3px 0 0 2px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/search?q=rcsb_polymer_entity_annotation.annotation_id:PF00909%20AND%20rcsb_polymer_entity_annotation.type:Pfam">RCSB PDB</a>; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbe/entry/search/index?pfam_accession:PF00909">PDBe</a>; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pdbj.org/search/pdb?other_db_select=PFam&other_db_field=PF00909">PDBj</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: #e7dcc3; color:inherit; border:#fafafa 2px solid; border-width:3px 2px 0 0;"><a href="/wiki/PDBsum" title="PDBsum">PDBsum</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="background-color: #eee; color:inherit; border:#fafafa 2px solid; border-width:3px 0 0 2px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/thornton-srv/databases/cgi-bin/pdbsum/GetPfamStr.pl?pfam_id=PF00909">structure summary</a></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Ammonia transporters</b> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tcdb.org/search/result.php?tc=1.a.11">TC# 1.A.11</a>) are structurally related <a href="/wiki/Membrane_transport_protein" title="Membrane transport protein">membrane transport proteins</a> called <b>Amt proteins</b> (ammonia transporters) in <a href="/wiki/Bacteria" title="Bacteria">bacteria</a> and <a href="/wiki/Plants" class="mw-redirect" title="Plants">plants</a>, methylammonium/ammonium permeases (MEPs) in <a href="/wiki/Yeast" title="Yeast">yeast</a>, or Rhesus (Rh) proteins in <a href="/wiki/Chordate" title="Chordate">chordates</a>. In humans, the <a href="/wiki/RHAG" title="RHAG">RhAG</a>, <a href="/wiki/RHBG" title="RHBG">RhBG</a>, and <a href="/wiki/RHCG" title="RHCG">RhCG</a> Rhesus proteins constitute <a href="/wiki/Solute_carrier_family" title="Solute carrier family">solute carrier family</a> 42<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> whilst <a href="/wiki/RHD_(gene)" title="RHD (gene)">RhD</a> and <a href="/wiki/RHCE_(gene)" title="RHCE (gene)">RhCE</a> form the <a href="/wiki/Rh_blood_group_system" title="Rh blood group system">Rh blood group system</a>. The three-dimensional structure of the ammonia transport protein AmtB from <i><a href="/wiki/Escherichia_coli" title="Escherichia coli">Escherichia coli</a></i> has been determined by <a href="/wiki/X-ray_crystallography" title="X-ray crystallography">x-ray crystallography</a><sup id="cite_ref-pmid15361618_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid15361618-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pmid15563598_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid15563598-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> revealing a hydrophobic <a href="/wiki/Ammonia" title="Ammonia">ammonia</a> channel.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The human RhCG ammonia transporter was found to have a similar ammonia-conducting channel structure.<sup id="cite_ref-rhcgstruct_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rhcgstruct-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was proposed<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2013)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> that the <a href="/wiki/Erythrocyte" class="mw-redirect" title="Erythrocyte">erythrocyte</a> Rh complex is a heterotrimer of RhAG, <a href="/wiki/RHD_(gene)" title="RHD (gene)">RhD</a>, and <a href="/wiki/RHCE_(gene)" title="RHCE (gene)">RhCE</a> subunits in which RhD and RhCE might play roles in anchoring the ammonia-conducting RhAG subunit to the cytoskeleton. Based on reconstitution experiments, purified RhCG subunits alone can function to transport ammonia.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> RhCG is required for normal <a href="/wiki/Renal_tubular_acidosis" title="Renal tubular acidosis">acid excretion</a> by the mouse <a href="/wiki/Kidney" title="Kidney">kidney</a><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Epididymis" title="Epididymis">epididymis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Structure">Structure</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ammonia_transporter&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Structure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The structure of the ammonia channel from <i>E. coli</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-pmid15361618_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid15361618-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pmid15563598_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid15563598-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was, at the time of its publication, the highest resolution structure of any integral membrane protein. It shows a trimer of subunits, each made up of 11 <a href="/wiki/Transmembrane_domain" title="Transmembrane domain">transmembrane segments</a> (TMSs) and containing a pseudo two-fold symmetry.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Each monomer contains a hydrophobic ammonia conducting channel. </p><p>While prokaryotic ammonia channel proteins have an N-terminal region which acts as a signal sequence and is cleaved in the mature protein,<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the Rhesus glycoproteins retain this as a 12th transmembrane helix in the mature protein.<sup id="cite_ref-rhcgstruct_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rhcgstruct-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Substrate_specificity">Substrate specificity</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ammonia_transporter&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Substrate specificity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Most functionally characterized members of the family are ammonium uptake transporters.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some, but not other Amt proteins also transport methylammonium.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Detailed phylogenetic analyses of plant homologues have been published.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In <i>E. coli</i>, <a href="/wiki/Ammonium" title="Ammonium">NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup></a>, rather than NH<sub>3</sub>, may be the substrate of AmtB, but controversy still exists.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> If NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup> is transported, K<sup>+</sup> possibly serves as a <a href="/wiki/Counterion" title="Counterion">counter ion</a> in an <a href="/wiki/Antiporter" title="Antiporter">antiport</a> process with K<sup>+</sup>, and that one histidine removes a proton off of NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup> to yield NH<sub>3</sub>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Transport_reaction">Transport reaction</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ammonia_transporter&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Transport reaction"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The generalized transport reaction catalyzed by members of the Amt family are suggested to be: </p> <dl><dd>NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup> (out) ⇌ NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup> (in)</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mechanism">Mechanism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ammonia_transporter&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Mechanism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The X-ray structures have revealed that the pore of the Amt and Rh proteins is characterized by a hydrophobic portion about 12 <a href="/wiki/%C3%85" title="Å">Å</a> long, in which electronic density was observed in the crystallographic study of AmtB from <i>Escherichia coli</i>. This electronic density was initially only observed when crystals were grown in the presence of ammonium, and was thus attributed to ammonia molecules. The Amt/Rh protein mechanism might involve the single-file diffusion of NH<sub>3</sub> molecules. However, the pore could also be filled with water molecules. The possible presence of water molecules in the pore lumen calls for a reassessment of the notion that Amt/Rh proteins work as plain NH<sub>3</sub> channels. Indeed, functional experiments on plant ammonium transporters and Rh proteins suggest a variety of permeation mechanisms including the passive diffusion of NH<sub>3</sub>, the antiport of NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>/H<sup>+</sup>, the transport of NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>, or the <a href="/wiki/Active_transport" title="Active transport">cotransport</a> of NH<sub>3</sub>/H<sup>+</sup>. Lamoureux <i>et al.</i> discuss these mechanisms in light of functional and simulation studies on the AmtB transporter.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Regulation">Regulation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ammonia_transporter&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Regulation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <i>E. coli</i> the AmtB gene is expressed only under limiting nitrogen levels to yield the AmtB protein. It is co-expressed with the GlnK gene which encodes a <a href="/wiki/Pii_nitrogen_regulatory_proteins" title="Pii nitrogen regulatory proteins">PII protein</a>. This protein is also trimeric and remains in the cytoplasm.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is covalently modified by a U/U deuridylylated group at Y51. The hydrolyzed product, adenosine 5'-diphosphate, orients the surface of GlnK for AmtB blockade. When nitrogen levels outside the cell rise, the ammonia channel must be deactivated to prevent excessive ammonia entering the cell (where ammonia would be combined with glutamate to make glutamine, utilizing <a href="/wiki/Adenosine_triphosphate" title="Adenosine triphosphate">ATP</a> and thereby depleting the cell's ATP reserves). This deactivation is achieved by deuridylylation of the GlnK protein which then binds to the cytoplasmic face of AmtB and inserts a loop into the ammonia conducting pore. At the tip of this loop is an <a href="/wiki/Arginine" title="Arginine">arginine</a> residue which sterically blocks the channel.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Human_ammonia_transporter-related_proteins">Human ammonia transporter-related proteins</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ammonia_transporter&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Human ammonia transporter-related proteins"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/RHAG" title="RHAG">RHAG</a>, <a href="/wiki/RHBG" title="RHBG">RHBG</a>, <a href="/wiki/RHCE_(gene)" title="RHCE (gene)">RHCE</a>, <a href="/wiki/RHCG" title="RHCG">RHCG</a>, <a href="/wiki/RHD_(gene)" title="RHD (gene)">RHD</a> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ammonia_transporter&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 35em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-rhcgstruct-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-rhcgstruct_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rhcgstruct_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rhcgstruct_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFGruswitzChaudharyHoSchlessinger2010" class="citation journal cs1">Gruswitz, F.; Chaudhary, S.; Ho, J. D.; Schlessinger, A.; Pezeshki, B.; Ho, C. -M.; Sali, A.; Westhoff, C. M.; Stroud, R. M. (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2906887">"Function of human Rh based on structure of RhCG at 2.1 A"</a>. <i>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences</i>. <b>107</b> (21): <span class="nowrap">9638–</span>9643. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1073%2Fpnas.1003587107">10.1073/pnas.1003587107</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2906887">2906887</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20457942">20457942</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+National+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.atitle=Function+of+human+Rh+based+on+structure+of+RhCG+at+2.1+A&rft.volume=107&rft.issue=21&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E9638-%3C%2Fspan%3E9643&rft.date=2010&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2906887%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F20457942&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1073%2Fpnas.1003587107&rft.aulast=Gruswitz&rft.aufirst=F.&rft.au=Chaudhary%2C+S.&rft.au=Ho%2C+J.+D.&rft.au=Schlessinger%2C+A.&rft.au=Pezeshki%2C+B.&rft.au=Ho%2C+C.+-M.&rft.au=Sali%2C+A.&rft.au=Westhoff%2C+C.+M.&rft.au=Stroud%2C+R.+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2906887&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmmonia+transporter" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNakhoulHamm2004" class="citation journal cs1">Nakhoul NL, Hamm LL (Feb 2004). "Non-erythroid Rh glycoproteins: a putative new family of mammalian ammonium transporters". <i>Pflügers Archiv</i>. <b>447</b> (5): <span class="nowrap">807–</span>12. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs00424-003-1142-8">10.1007/s00424-003-1142-8</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12920597">12920597</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:24601165">24601165</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pfl%C3%BCgers+Archiv&rft.atitle=Non-erythroid+Rh+glycoproteins%3A+a+putative+new+family+of+mammalian+ammonium+transporters&rft.volume=447&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E807-%3C%2Fspan%3E12&rft.date=2004-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A24601165%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F12920597&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs00424-003-1142-8&rft.aulast=Nakhoul&rft.aufirst=NL&rft.au=Hamm%2C+LL&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmmonia+transporter" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pmid15361618-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-pmid15361618_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pmid15361618_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbe/entry/pdb/1xqe">1xqe</a></span>; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKhademiO'ConnellRemisRobles-Colmenares2004" class="citation journal cs1">Khademi S, O'Connell J, Remis J, Robles-Colmenares Y, Miercke LJ, Stroud RM (Sep 2004). "Mechanism of ammonia transport by Amt/MEP/Rh: structure of AmtB at 1.35 A". <i>Science</i>. <b>305</b> (5690): <span class="nowrap">1587–</span>94. <a href="/wiki/CiteSeerX_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="CiteSeerX (identifier)">CiteSeerX</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.133.6480">10.1.1.133.6480</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.1101952">10.1126/science.1101952</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15361618">15361618</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:11436509">11436509</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science&rft.atitle=Mechanism+of+ammonia+transport+by+Amt%2FMEP%2FRh%3A+structure+of+AmtB+at+1.35+A&rft.volume=305&rft.issue=5690&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1587-%3C%2Fspan%3E94&rft.date=2004-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fciteseerx.ist.psu.edu%2Fviewdoc%2Fsummary%3Fdoi%3D10.1.1.133.6480%23id-name%3DCiteSeerX&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A11436509%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F15361618&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1126%2Fscience.1101952&rft.aulast=Khademi&rft.aufirst=S&rft.au=O%27Connell%2C+J&rft.au=Remis%2C+J&rft.au=Robles-Colmenares%2C+Y&rft.au=Miercke%2C+LJ&rft.au=Stroud%2C+RM&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmmonia+transporter" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pmid15563598-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-pmid15563598_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pmid15563598_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbe/entry/pdb/2u7c">2u7c</a></span>; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZhengKostrewaBernècheWinkler2004" class="citation journal cs1">Zheng L, Kostrewa D, Bernèche S, Winkler FK, Li XD (Dec 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC535379">"The mechanism of ammonia transport based on the crystal structure of AmtB of Escherichia coli"</a>. <i>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America</i>. <b>101</b> (49): <span class="nowrap">17090–</span>5. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2004PNAS..10117090Z">2004PNAS..10117090Z</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1073%2Fpnas.0406475101">10.1073/pnas.0406475101</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC535379">535379</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15563598">15563598</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+National+Academy+of+Sciences+of+the+United+States+of+America&rft.atitle=The+mechanism+of+ammonia+transport+based+on+the+crystal+structure+of+AmtB+of+Escherichia+coli&rft.volume=101&rft.issue=49&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E17090-%3C%2Fspan%3E5&rft.date=2004-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC535379%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F15563598&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1073%2Fpnas.0406475101&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2004PNAS..10117090Z&rft.aulast=Zheng&rft.aufirst=L&rft.au=Kostrewa%2C+D&rft.au=Bern%C3%A8che%2C+S&rft.au=Winkler%2C+FK&rft.au=Li%2C+XD&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC535379&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmmonia+transporter" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKhademiStroud2006" class="citation journal cs1">Khademi S, Stroud RM (Dec 2006). "The Amt/MEP/Rh family: structure of AmtB and the mechanism of ammonia gas conduction". <i>Physiology</i>. <b>21</b> (6): <span class="nowrap">419–</span>29. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1152%2Fphysiol.00051.2005">10.1152/physiol.00051.2005</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17119155">17119155</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Physiology&rft.atitle=The+Amt%2FMEP%2FRh+family%3A+structure+of+AmtB+and+the+mechanism+of+ammonia+gas+conduction&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E419-%3C%2Fspan%3E29&rft.date=2006-12&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1152%2Fphysiol.00051.2005&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F17119155&rft.aulast=Khademi&rft.aufirst=S&rft.au=Stroud%2C+RM&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmmonia+transporter" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMouro-ChanteloupCochetChamiGenetet2010" class="citation journal cs1">Mouro-Chanteloup I, Cochet S, Chami M, Genetet S, Zidi-Yahiaoui N, Engel A, Colin Y, Bertrand O, Ripoche P (2010). Fatouros D (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2812482">"Functional reconstitution into liposomes of purified human RhCG ammonia channel"</a>. <i>PLOS ONE</i>. <b>5</b> (1): e8921. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010PLoSO...5.8921M">2010PLoSO...5.8921M</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0008921">10.1371/journal.pone.0008921</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2812482">2812482</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20126667">20126667</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=PLOS+ONE&rft.atitle=Functional+reconstitution+into+liposomes+of+purified+human+RhCG+ammonia+channel&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=e8921&rft.date=2010&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2812482%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F20126667&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0008921&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2010PLoSO...5.8921M&rft.aulast=Mouro-Chanteloup&rft.aufirst=I&rft.au=Cochet%2C+S&rft.au=Chami%2C+M&rft.au=Genetet%2C+S&rft.au=Zidi-Yahiaoui%2C+N&rft.au=Engel%2C+A&rft.au=Colin%2C+Y&rft.au=Bertrand%2C+O&rft.au=Ripoche%2C+P&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2812482&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmmonia+transporter" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWagnerDevuystBelgeBourgeois2011" class="citation journal cs1">Wagner CA, Devuyst O, Belge H, Bourgeois S, Houillier P (Jan 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.zora.uzh.ch/id/eprint/38490/4/The_Rhesus_proteins_RgCG_a_new_perspective_-_accepted_versionV.pdf">"The rhesus protein RhCG: a new perspective in ammonium transport and distal urinary acidification"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Kidney International</i>. <b>79</b> (2): <span class="nowrap">154–</span>61. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fki.2010.386">10.1038/ki.2010.386</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20927037">20927037</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Kidney+International&rft.atitle=The+rhesus+protein+RhCG%3A+a+new+perspective+in+ammonium+transport+and+distal+urinary+acidification&rft.volume=79&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E154-%3C%2Fspan%3E61&rft.date=2011-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fki.2010.386&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F20927037&rft.aulast=Wagner&rft.aufirst=CA&rft.au=Devuyst%2C+O&rft.au=Belge%2C+H&rft.au=Bourgeois%2C+S&rft.au=Houillier%2C+P&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.zora.uzh.ch%2Fid%2Feprint%2F38490%2F4%2FThe_Rhesus_proteins_RgCG_a_new_perspective_-_accepted_versionV.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmmonia+transporter" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBiverBelgeBourgeoisVan_Vooren2008" class="citation journal cs1">Biver S, Belge H, Bourgeois S, Van Vooren P, Nowik M, Scohy S, Houillier P, Szpirer J, Szpirer C, Wagner CA, Devuyst O, Marini AM (Nov 2008). "A role for Rhesus factor Rhcg in renal ammonium excretion and male fertility". <i>Nature</i>. <b>456</b> (7220): <span class="nowrap">339–</span>43. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008Natur.456..339B">2008Natur.456..339B</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fnature07518">10.1038/nature07518</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19020613">19020613</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:205215412">205215412</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.atitle=A+role+for+Rhesus+factor+Rhcg+in+renal+ammonium+excretion+and+male+fertility&rft.volume=456&rft.issue=7220&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E339-%3C%2Fspan%3E43&rft.date=2008-11&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fnature07518&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A205215412%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F19020613&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2008Natur.456..339B&rft.aulast=Biver&rft.aufirst=S&rft.au=Belge%2C+H&rft.au=Bourgeois%2C+S&rft.au=Van+Vooren%2C+P&rft.au=Nowik%2C+M&rft.au=Scohy%2C+S&rft.au=Houillier%2C+P&rft.au=Szpirer%2C+J&rft.au=Szpirer%2C+C&rft.au=Wagner%2C+CA&rft.au=Devuyst%2C+O&rft.au=Marini%2C+AM&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmmonia+transporter" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFConroyJamiesonBlakeyKaufmann2004" class="citation journal cs1">Conroy MJ, Jamieson SJ, Blakey D, Kaufmann T, Engel A, Fotiadis D, Merrick M, Bullough PA (Dec 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1299191">"Electron and atomic force microscopy of the trimeric ammonium transporter AmtB"</a>. <i>EMBO Reports</i>. <b>5</b> (12): <span class="nowrap">1153–</span>8. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fsj.embor.7400296">10.1038/sj.embor.7400296</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1299191">1299191</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15568015">15568015</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=EMBO+Reports&rft.atitle=Electron+and+atomic+force+microscopy+of+the+trimeric+ammonium+transporter+AmtB&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=12&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1153-%3C%2Fspan%3E8&rft.date=2004-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1299191%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F15568015&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fsj.embor.7400296&rft.aulast=Conroy&rft.aufirst=MJ&rft.au=Jamieson%2C+SJ&rft.au=Blakey%2C+D&rft.au=Kaufmann%2C+T&rft.au=Engel%2C+A&rft.au=Fotiadis%2C+D&rft.au=Merrick%2C+M&rft.au=Bullough%2C+PA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1299191&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmmonia+transporter" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThorntonBlakeyScanlonMerrick2006" class="citation journal cs1">Thornton J, Blakey D, Scanlon E, Merrick M (May 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1574-6968.2006.00202.x">"The ammonia channel protein AmtB from Escherichia coli is a polytopic membrane protein with a cleavable signal peptide"</a>. <i>FEMS Microbiology Letters</i>. <b>258</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">114–</span>20. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1574-6968.2006.00202.x">10.1111/j.1574-6968.2006.00202.x</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16630265">16630265</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=FEMS+Microbiology+Letters&rft.atitle=The+ammonia+channel+protein+AmtB+from+Escherichia+coli+is+a+polytopic+membrane+protein+with+a+cleavable+signal+peptide&rft.volume=258&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E114-%3C%2Fspan%3E20&rft.date=2006-05&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1574-6968.2006.00202.x&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F16630265&rft.aulast=Thornton&rft.aufirst=J&rft.au=Blakey%2C+D&rft.au=Scanlon%2C+E&rft.au=Merrick%2C+M&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1574-6968.2006.00202.x&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmmonia+transporter" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSoupeneKingFeildLiu2002" class="citation journal cs1">Soupene, Eric; King, Natalie; Feild, Eithne; Liu, Phillip; Niyogi, Krishna K.; Huang, Cheng-Han; Kustu, Sydney (2002-05-28). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC124347">"Rhesus expression in a green alga is regulated by CO(2)"</a>. <i>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America</i>. <b>99</b> (11): <span class="nowrap">7769–</span>7773. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2002PNAS...99.7769S">2002PNAS...99.7769S</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1073%2Fpnas.112225599">10.1073/pnas.112225599</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0027-8424">0027-8424</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC124347">124347</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12032358">12032358</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+National+Academy+of+Sciences+of+the+United+States+of+America&rft.atitle=Rhesus+expression+in+a+green+alga+is+regulated+by+CO%282%29&rft.volume=99&rft.issue=11&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E7769-%3C%2Fspan%3E7773&rft.date=2002-05-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC124347%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2002PNAS...99.7769S&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F12032358&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1073%2Fpnas.112225599&rft.issn=0027-8424&rft.aulast=Soupene&rft.aufirst=Eric&rft.au=King%2C+Natalie&rft.au=Feild%2C+Eithne&rft.au=Liu%2C+Phillip&rft.au=Niyogi%2C+Krishna+K.&rft.au=Huang%2C+Cheng-Han&rft.au=Kustu%2C+Sydney&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC124347&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmmonia+transporter" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMusa-AzizChenPelletierBoron2009" class="citation journal cs1">Musa-Aziz, Raif; Chen, Li-Ming; Pelletier, Marc F.; Boron, Walter F. (2009-03-31). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2664022">"Relative CO2/NH3 selectivities of AQP1, AQP4, AQP5, AmtB, and RhAG"</a>. <i>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America</i>. <b>106</b> (13): <span class="nowrap">5406–</span>5411. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009PNAS..106.5406M">2009PNAS..106.5406M</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1073%2Fpnas.0813231106">10.1073/pnas.0813231106</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1091-6490">1091-6490</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2664022">2664022</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19273840">19273840</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+National+Academy+of+Sciences+of+the+United+States+of+America&rft.atitle=Relative+CO2%2FNH3+selectivities+of+AQP1%2C+AQP4%2C+AQP5%2C+AmtB%2C+and+RhAG&rft.volume=106&rft.issue=13&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E5406-%3C%2Fspan%3E5411&rft.date=2009-03-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2664022%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2009PNAS..106.5406M&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F19273840&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1073%2Fpnas.0813231106&rft.issn=1091-6490&rft.aulast=Musa-Aziz&rft.aufirst=Raif&rft.au=Chen%2C+Li-Ming&rft.au=Pelletier%2C+Marc+F.&rft.au=Boron%2C+Walter+F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2664022&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmmonia+transporter" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAndradeEinsle2007" class="citation journal cs1">Andrade, Susana L. A.; Einsle, Oliver (2007-12-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F09687680701388423">"The Amt/Mep/Rh family of ammonium transport proteins"</a>. <i>Molecular Membrane Biology</i>. <b>24</b> (<span class="nowrap">5–</span>6): <span class="nowrap">357–</span>365. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F09687680701388423">10.1080/09687680701388423</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0968-7688">0968-7688</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17710640">17710640</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:41937253">41937253</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Molecular+Membrane+Biology&rft.atitle=The+Amt%2FMep%2FRh+family+of+ammonium+transport+proteins&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E5%E2%80%93%3C%2Fspan%3E6&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E357-%3C%2Fspan%3E365&rft.date=2007-12-01&rft.issn=0968-7688&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A41937253%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F17710640&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F09687680701388423&rft.aulast=Andrade&rft.aufirst=Susana+L.+A.&rft.au=Einsle%2C+Oliver&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1080%252F09687680701388423&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmmonia+transporter" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFvon_WittgensteinLeHawkinsEhlting2014" class="citation journal cs1">von Wittgenstein, Neil J. J. B.; Le, Cuong H.; Hawkins, Barbara J.; Ehlting, Jürgen (2014-01-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3922906">"Evolutionary classification of ammonium, nitrate, and peptide transporters in land plants"</a>. <i>BMC Evolutionary Biology</i>. <b>14</b>: 11. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1186%2F1471-2148-14-11">10.1186/1471-2148-14-11</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1471-2148">1471-2148</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3922906">3922906</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24438197">24438197</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BMC+Evolutionary+Biology&rft.atitle=Evolutionary+classification+of+ammonium%2C+nitrate%2C+and+peptide+transporters+in+land+plants&rft.volume=14&rft.pages=11&rft.date=2014-01-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3922906%23id-name%3DPMC&rft.issn=1471-2148&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F24438197&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1186%2F1471-2148-14-11&rft.aulast=von+Wittgenstein&rft.aufirst=Neil+J.+J.+B.&rft.au=Le%2C+Cuong+H.&rft.au=Hawkins%2C+Barbara+J.&rft.au=Ehlting%2C+J%C3%BCrgen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3922906&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmmonia+transporter" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFongKimYoshiharaInwood2007" class="citation journal cs1">Fong, Rebecca N.; Kim, Kwang-Seo; Yoshihara, Corinne; Inwood, William B.; Kustu, Sydney (2007-11-20). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2141841">"The W148L substitution in the Escherichia coli ammonium channel AmtB increases flux and indicates that the substrate is an ion"</a>. <i>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America</i>. <b>104</b> (47): <span class="nowrap">18706–</span>18711. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007PNAS..10418706F">2007PNAS..10418706F</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1073%2Fpnas.0709267104">10.1073/pnas.0709267104</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1091-6490">1091-6490</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2141841">2141841</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17998534">17998534</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+National+Academy+of+Sciences+of+the+United+States+of+America&rft.atitle=The+W148L+substitution+in+the+Escherichia+coli+ammonium+channel+AmtB+increases+flux+and+indicates+that+the+substrate+is+an+ion&rft.volume=104&rft.issue=47&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E18706-%3C%2Fspan%3E18711&rft.date=2007-11-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2141841%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2007PNAS..10418706F&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F17998534&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1073%2Fpnas.0709267104&rft.issn=1091-6490&rft.aulast=Fong&rft.aufirst=Rebecca+N.&rft.au=Kim%2C+Kwang-Seo&rft.au=Yoshihara%2C+Corinne&rft.au=Inwood%2C+William+B.&rft.au=Kustu%2C+Sydney&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2141841&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmmonia+transporter" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIshikitaKnapp2007" class="citation journal cs1">Ishikita, Hiroshi; Knapp, Ernst-Walter (2007-02-07). "Protonation states of ammonia/ammonium in the hydrophobic pore of ammonia transporter protein AmtB". <i>Journal of the American Chemical Society</i>. <b>129</b> (5): <span class="nowrap">1210–</span>1215. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1021%2Fja066208n">10.1021/ja066208n</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0002-7863">0002-7863</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17263403">17263403</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Chemical+Society&rft.atitle=Protonation+states+of+ammonia%2Fammonium+in+the+hydrophobic+pore+of+ammonia+transporter+protein+AmtB&rft.volume=129&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1210-%3C%2Fspan%3E1215&rft.date=2007-02-07&rft.issn=0002-7863&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F17263403&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1021%2Fja066208n&rft.aulast=Ishikita&rft.aufirst=Hiroshi&rft.au=Knapp%2C+Ernst-Walter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmmonia+transporter" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJavelleLupoZhengLi2006" class="citation journal cs1">Javelle, Arnaud; Lupo, Domenico; Zheng, Lei; Li, Xiao-Dan; Winkler, Fritz K.; Merrick, Mike (2006-12-22). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1074%2Fjbc.M608325200">"An unusual twin-his arrangement in the pore of ammonia channels is essential for substrate conductance"</a>. <i>The Journal of Biological Chemistry</i>. <b>281</b> (51): <span class="nowrap">39492–</span>39498. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1074%2Fjbc.M608325200">10.1074/jbc.M608325200</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0021-9258">0021-9258</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17040913">17040913</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+Biological+Chemistry&rft.atitle=An+unusual+twin-his+arrangement+in+the+pore+of+ammonia+channels+is+essential+for+substrate+conductance&rft.volume=281&rft.issue=51&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E39492-%3C%2Fspan%3E39498&rft.date=2006-12-22&rft.issn=0021-9258&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F17040913&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1074%2Fjbc.M608325200&rft.aulast=Javelle&rft.aufirst=Arnaud&rft.au=Lupo%2C+Domenico&rft.au=Zheng%2C+Lei&rft.au=Li%2C+Xiao-Dan&rft.au=Winkler%2C+Fritz+K.&rft.au=Merrick%2C+Mike&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1074%252Fjbc.M608325200&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmmonia+transporter" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLamoureuxJavelleBadayWang2010" class="citation journal cs1">Lamoureux, G.; Javelle, A.; Baday, S.; Wang, S.; Bernèche, S. (2010-09-01). "Transport mechanisms in the ammonium transporter family". <i>Transfusion Clinique et Biologique</i>. <b>17</b> (3): <span class="nowrap">168–</span>175. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.tracli.2010.06.004">10.1016/j.tracli.2010.06.004</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1953-8022">1953-8022</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20674437">20674437</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transfusion+Clinique+et+Biologique&rft.atitle=Transport+mechanisms+in+the+ammonium+transporter+family&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E168-%3C%2Fspan%3E175&rft.date=2010-09-01&rft.issn=1953-8022&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F20674437&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.tracli.2010.06.004&rft.aulast=Lamoureux&rft.aufirst=G.&rft.au=Javelle%2C+A.&rft.au=Baday%2C+S.&rft.au=Wang%2C+S.&rft.au=Bern%C3%A8che%2C+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmmonia+transporter" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDurandMerrick2006" class="citation journal cs1">Durand A, Merrick M (Oct 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1074%2Fjbc.M602477200">"In vitro analysis of the Escherichia coli AmtB-GlnK complex reveals a stoichiometric interaction and sensitivity to ATP and 2-oxoglutarate"</a>. <i>The Journal of Biological Chemistry</i>. <b>281</b> (40): <span class="nowrap">29558–</span>67. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1074%2Fjbc.M602477200">10.1074/jbc.M602477200</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16864585">16864585</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+Biological+Chemistry&rft.atitle=In+vitro+analysis+of+the+Escherichia+coli+AmtB-GlnK+complex+reveals+a+stoichiometric+interaction+and+sensitivity+to+ATP+and+2-oxoglutarate&rft.volume=281&rft.issue=40&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E29558-%3C%2Fspan%3E67&rft.date=2006-10&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1074%2Fjbc.M602477200&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F16864585&rft.aulast=Durand&rft.aufirst=A&rft.au=Merrick%2C+M&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1074%252Fjbc.M602477200&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmmonia+transporter" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbe/entry/pdb/2nuu">2nuu</a></span>; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFConroyDurandLupoLi2007" class="citation journal cs1">Conroy MJ, Durand A, Lupo D, Li XD, Bullough PA, Winkler FK, Merrick M (Jan 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1783118">"The crystal structure of the Escherichia coli AmtB-GlnK complex reveals how GlnK regulates the ammonia channel"</a>. <i>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America</i>. <b>104</b> (4): <span class="nowrap">1213–</span>8. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007PNAS..104.1213C">2007PNAS..104.1213C</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1073%2Fpnas.0610348104">10.1073/pnas.0610348104</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1783118">1783118</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17220269">17220269</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+National+Academy+of+Sciences+of+the+United+States+of+America&rft.atitle=The+crystal+structure+of+the+Escherichia+coli+AmtB-GlnK+complex+reveals+how+GlnK+regulates+the+ammonia+channel&rft.volume=104&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1213-%3C%2Fspan%3E8&rft.date=2007-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1783118%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F17220269&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1073%2Fpnas.0610348104&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2007PNAS..104.1213C&rft.aulast=Conroy&rft.aufirst=MJ&rft.au=Durand%2C+A&rft.au=Lupo%2C+D&rft.au=Li%2C+XD&rft.au=Bullough%2C+PA&rft.au=Winkler%2C+FK&rft.au=Merrick%2C+M&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1783118&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmmonia+transporter" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <p><i>As of <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ammonia_transporter&oldid=699838558">this edit</a>, this article uses content from </i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tcdb.org/search/result.php?tc=1.a.11">"1.A.11 The Ammonium Channel Transporter (Amt) Family"</a><i>, which is licensed in a way that permits reuse under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_3.0_Unported_License" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Text of Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License</a>, but not under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_GNU_Free_Documentation_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the GNU Free Documentation License">GFDL</a>. All relevant terms must be followed.</i> </p> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Membrane_proteins,_carrier_proteins:_membrane_transport_proteins_solute_carrier_(TC_2A)292" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e7dcc3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Solute_carrier_family" title="Template:Solute carrier family"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Solute_carrier_family" title="Template talk:Solute carrier family"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Solute_carrier_family" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Solute carrier family"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Membrane_proteins,_carrier_proteins:_membrane_transport_proteins_solute_carrier_(TC_2A)292" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Membrane_protein" title="Membrane protein">Membrane proteins</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carrier_protein" class="mw-redirect" title="Carrier protein">carrier proteins</a>: <a href="/wiki/Membrane_transport_protein" title="Membrane transport protein">membrane transport proteins</a> <a href="/wiki/Solute_carrier_family" title="Solute carrier family">solute carrier</a> (<a href="/wiki/Transporter_Classification_Database#2.A.09Porters_(uniporters,_symporters,_antiporters)" title="Transporter Classification Database">TC 2A</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible uncollapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color: AntiqueWhite;"><div id="By_group292" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">By group</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="text-align:left; background-color: AntiqueWhite;"><div id="SLC1–100" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">SLC1–10</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right; background-color: AntiqueWhite;">(1):</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Excitatory_amino-acid_transporter" class="mw-redirect" title="Excitatory amino-acid transporter">high affinity glutamate and neutral amino-acid transporter</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SLC1A1" class="mw-redirect" title="SLC1A1">SLC1A1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SLC1A2" class="mw-redirect" title="SLC1A2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glutamate_aspartate_transporter" class="mw-redirect" title="Glutamate aspartate transporter">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SLC1A4" class="mw-redirect" title="SLC1A4">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SLC1A5" class="mw-redirect" title="SLC1A5">5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Excitatory_amino-acid_transporter_4" class="mw-redirect" title="Excitatory amino-acid transporter 4">6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Excitatory_amino-acid_transporter_5" class="mw-redirect" title="Excitatory amino-acid transporter 5">7</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right; background-color: AntiqueWhite;">(2):</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Glucose_transporter" title="Glucose transporter">facilitative GLUT transporter</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/GLUT1" title="GLUT1">SLC2A1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GLUT2" title="GLUT2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GLUT3" title="GLUT3">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GLUT4" title="GLUT4">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GLUT5" title="GLUT5">5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SLC2A6" title="SLC2A6">6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SLC2A7" title="SLC2A7">7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GLUT8" title="GLUT8">8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SLC2A9" title="SLC2A9">9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SLC2A10" title="SLC2A10">10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SLC2A11" title="SLC2A11">11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SLC2A12" title="SLC2A12">12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SLC2A13" title="SLC2A13">13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SLC2A14" title="SLC2A14">14</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right; background-color: AntiqueWhite;">(3):</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>heavy subunits of <a href="/wiki/Heterodimeric_amino-acid_transporter" title="Heterodimeric amino-acid transporter">heterodimeric amino-acid transporters</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SLC3A1" class="mw-redirect" title="SLC3A1">SLC3A1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SLC3A2" class="mw-redirect" title="SLC3A2">2</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right; background-color: AntiqueWhite;">(4):</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bicarbonate_transporter_protein" class="mw-redirect" title="Bicarbonate transporter protein">bicarbonate transporter</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Band_3" class="mw-redirect" title="Band 3">SLC4A1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SLC4A2" class="mw-redirect" title="SLC4A2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SLC4A3" class="mw-redirect" title="SLC4A3">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SLC4A4" class="mw-redirect" title="SLC4A4">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SLC4A5" class="mw-redirect" title="SLC4A5">5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SLC4A6" class="mw-redirect" title="SLC4A6">6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SLC4A7" class="mw-redirect" title="SLC4A7">7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SLC4A8" class="mw-redirect" title="SLC4A8">8</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SLC4A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SLC4A9 (page does not exist)">9</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SLC4A10&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SLC4A10 (page does not exist)">10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SLC4A11" class="mw-redirect" title="SLC4A11">11</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right; background-color: AntiqueWhite;">(5):</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sodium-glucose_transport_proteins" title="Sodium-glucose transport proteins">sodium glucose cotransporter</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SLC5A1" class="mw-redirect" title="SLC5A1">SLC5A1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SGLT2" class="mw-redirect" title="SGLT2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SLC5A3" class="mw-redirect" title="SLC5A3">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SLC5A4" title="SLC5A4">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sodium-iodide_symporter" class="mw-redirect" title="Sodium-iodide symporter">5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SLC5A6" class="mw-redirect" title="SLC5A6">6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Choline_transporter" title="Choline transporter">7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SLC5A8" class="mw-redirect" title="SLC5A8">8</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SLC5A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SLC5A9 (page does not exist)">9</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SLC5A10&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SLC5A10 (page does not exist)">10</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SLC5A11&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SLC5A11 (page does not exist)">11</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SLC5A12&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SLC5A12 (page does not exist)">12</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right; background-color: AntiqueWhite;">(6):</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sodium" title="Sodium">sodium</a>- and <a href="/wiki/Chloride" title="Chloride">chloride</a>- dependent <a href="/wiki/Sodium:neurotransmitter_symporter" class="mw-redirect" title="Sodium:neurotransmitter symporter">sodium:neurotransmitter symporters</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/GABA_transporter_1" class="mw-redirect" title="GABA transporter 1">SLC6A1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norepinephrine_transporter" title="Norepinephrine transporter">SLC6A2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dopamine_transporter" title="Dopamine transporter">SLC6A3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serotonin_transporter" title="Serotonin transporter">SLC6A4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SLC6A5" class="mw-redirect" title="SLC6A5">SLC6A5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SLC6A6" class="mw-redirect" title="SLC6A6">SLC6A6</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SLC6A7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SLC6A7 (page does not exist)">SLC6A7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SLC6A8" class="mw-redirect" title="SLC6A8">SLC6A8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SLC6A9" class="mw-redirect" title="SLC6A9">SLC6A9</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SLC6A10&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SLC6A10 (page does not exist)">SLC6A10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SLC6A11" class="mw-redirect" title="SLC6A11">SLC6A11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SLC6A12" class="mw-redirect" title="SLC6A12">SLC6A12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SLC6A13" class="mw-redirect" title="SLC6A13">SLC6A13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SLC6A14" title="SLC6A14">SLC6A14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SLC6A15" class="mw-redirect" title="SLC6A15">SLC6A15</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SLC6A16&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SLC6A16 (page does not exist)">SLC6A16</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SLC6A17&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SLC6A17 (page does not exist)">SLC6A17</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SLC6A18" title="SLC6A18">SLC6A18</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SLC6A19" class="mw-redirect" title="SLC6A19">SLC6A19</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SLC6A20" title="SLC6A20">SLC6A20</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right; background-color: AntiqueWhite;">(7):</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>cationic amino-acid transporter/glycoprotein-associated <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SLC7A1" class="mw-redirect" title="SLC7A1">SLC7A1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SLC7A2" class="mw-redirect" title="SLC7A2">SLC7A2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SLC7A3" class="mw-redirect" title="SLC7A3">SLC7A3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SLC7A4" class="mw-redirect" title="SLC7A4">SLC7A4</a></li></ul></li> <li>glycoprotein-associated/light or catalytic subunits of <a href="/wiki/Heterodimeric_amino-acid_transporter" title="Heterodimeric amino-acid transporter">heterodimeric amino-acid transporters</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CD98" title="CD98">SLC7A5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SLC7A6" class="mw-redirect" title="SLC7A6">SLC7A6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SLC7A7" class="mw-redirect" title="SLC7A7">SLC7A7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SLC7A8" class="mw-redirect" title="SLC7A8">SLC7A8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SLC7A9" class="mw-redirect" title="SLC7A9">SLC7A9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SLC7A10" class="mw-redirect" title="SLC7A10">SLC7A10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SLC7A11" class="mw-redirect" title="SLC7A11">SLC7A11</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SLC7A13&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SLC7A13 (page does not exist)">SLC7A13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SLC7A14" title="SLC7A14">SLC7A14</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right; background-color: AntiqueWhite;">(8):</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sodium-calcium_exchanger" title="Sodium-calcium exchanger">Na<sup>+</sup>/Ca<sup>2+</sup> exchanger</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SLC8A1" class="mw-redirect" title="SLC8A1">SLC8A1</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SLC8A2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SLC8A2 (page does not exist)">SLC8A2</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SLC8A3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SLC8A3 (page does not exist)">SLC8A3</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right; background-color: AntiqueWhite;">(9):</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sodium%E2%80%93hydrogen_antiporter" title="Sodium–hydrogen antiporter">Na<sup>+</sup>/H<sup>+</sup> exchanger</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SLC9A1" class="mw-redirect" title="SLC9A1">SLC9A1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SLC9A2" class="mw-redirect" title="SLC9A2">SLC9A2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SLC9A3" class="mw-redirect" title="SLC9A3">SLC9A3</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SLC9A4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SLC9A4 (page does not exist)">SLC9A4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SLC9A5" class="mw-redirect" title="SLC9A5">SLC9A5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SLC9A6" class="mw-redirect" title="SLC9A6">SLC9A6</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SLC9A7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SLC9A7 (page does not exist)">SLC9A7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SLC9A8" class="mw-redirect" title="SLC9A8">SLC9A8</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SLC9A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SLC9A9 (page does not exist)">SLC9A9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SLC9A10" class="mw-redirect" title="SLC9A10">SLC9A10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SLC9A11" class="mw-redirect" title="SLC9A11">SLC9A11</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right; background-color: AntiqueWhite;">(10):</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sodium_bile_salt_cotransport&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sodium bile salt cotransport (page does not exist)">sodium bile salt cotransport</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SLC10A1" class="mw-redirect" title="SLC10A1">SLC10A1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SLC10A2" class="mw-redirect" title="SLC10A2">SLC10A2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SLC10A3" class="mw-redirect" title="SLC10A3">SLC10A3</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SLC10A4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SLC10A4 (page does not exist)">SLC10A4</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SLC10A5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SLC10A5 (page does not exist)">SLC10A5</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SLC10A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SLC10A6 (page does not exist)">SLC10A6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SLC10A7" class="mw-redirect" title="SLC10A7">SLC10A7</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SLC10A1" class="mw-redirect" title="SLC10A1">10A1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SLC10A2" class="mw-redirect" title="SLC10A2">10A2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SLC10A3" class="mw-redirect" title="SLC10A3">10A3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SLC10A7" class="mw-redirect" title="SLC10A7">10A7</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="text-align:left; background-color: AntiqueWhite;"><div id="SLC11–200" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">SLC11–20</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right; background-color: AntiqueWhite;">(11):</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Proton_coupled_metal_ion_transporter&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Proton coupled metal ion transporter (page does not exist)">proton coupled metal ion transporter</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SLC11A1" class="mw-redirect" title="SLC11A1">SLC11A1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SLC11A2" class="mw-redirect" title="SLC11A2">SLC11A2</a><a href="/wiki/Ferroportin" title="Ferroportin">11A3</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right; background-color: AntiqueWhite;">(12):</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Electroneutral_cation-Cl" title="Electroneutral cation-Cl">electroneutral cation-Cl</a> cotransporter <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Na-K-Cl_cotransporter" class="mw-redirect" title="Na-K-Cl cotransporter">SLC12A1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Na-K-Cl_cotransporter" class="mw-redirect" title="Na-K-Cl cotransporter">SLC12A2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sodium-chloride_symporter" title="Sodium-chloride symporter">SLC12A3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chloride_potassium_symporter_4" title="Chloride potassium symporter 4">SLC12A4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chloride_potassium_symporter_5" title="Chloride potassium symporter 5">SLC12A5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SLC12A6" title="SLC12A6">SLC12A6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SLC12A7" title="SLC12A7">SLC12A7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SLC12A8" title="SLC12A8">SLC12A8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SLC12A9" title="SLC12A9">SLC12A9</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right; background-color: AntiqueWhite;">(13):</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Human_Na%2B-sulfate/carboxylate_cotransporter&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Human Na+-sulfate/carboxylate cotransporter (page does not exist)">human Na<sup>+</sup>-sulfate/carboxylate cotransporter</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SLC13A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SLC13A1 (page does not exist)">SLC13A1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SLC13A2" title="SLC13A2">SLC13A2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SLC13A3" title="SLC13A3">SLC13A3</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SLC13A4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SLC13A4 (page does not exist)">SLC13A4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SLC13A5" title="SLC13A5">SLC13A5</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right; background-color: AntiqueWhite;">(14):</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Urea_transporter" title="Urea transporter">urea transporter</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SLC14A1" class="mw-redirect" title="SLC14A1">SLC14A1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SLC14A2" class="mw-redirect" title="SLC14A2">SLC14A2</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right; background-color: AntiqueWhite;">(15):</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Proton_oligopeptide_cotransporter&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Proton oligopeptide cotransporter (page does not exist)">proton oligopeptide cotransporter</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peptide_transporter_1" title="Peptide transporter 1">SLC15A1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SLC15A2" title="SLC15A2">SLC15A2</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SLC15A3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SLC15A3 (page does not exist)">SLC15A3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SLC15A4" title="SLC15A4">SLC15A4</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right; background-color: AntiqueWhite;">(16):</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monocarboxylate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Monocarboxylate (page does not exist)">monocarboxylate</a> transporter <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monocarboxylate_transporter_1" title="Monocarboxylate transporter 1">SLC16A1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monocarboxylate_transporter_8" title="Monocarboxylate transporter 8">SLC16A2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monocarboxylate_transporter_4" title="Monocarboxylate transporter 4">SLC16A3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monocarboxylate_transporter_5" title="Monocarboxylate transporter 5">SLC16A4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SLC16A5" class="mw-redirect" title="SLC16A5">SLC16A5</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SLC16A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SLC16A6 (page does not exist)">SLC16A6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monocarboxylate_transporter_2" title="Monocarboxylate transporter 2">SLC16A7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monocarboxylate_transporter_3" title="Monocarboxylate transporter 3">SLC16A8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monocarboxylate_transporter_9" title="Monocarboxylate transporter 9">SLC16A9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monocarboxylate_transporter_10" title="Monocarboxylate transporter 10">SLC16A10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SLC16A11" title="SLC16A11">SLC16A11</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SLC16A12&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SLC16A12 (page does not exist)">SLC16A12</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SLC16A13&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SLC16A13 (page does not exist)">SLC16A13</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SLC16A14&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SLC16A14 (page does not exist)">SLC16A14</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right; background-color: AntiqueWhite;">(17):</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vesicular_glutamate_transporter_1" title="Vesicular glutamate transporter 1">Vesicular glutamate transporter 1</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SLC17A1" class="mw-redirect" title="SLC17A1">SLC17A1</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SLC17A2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SLC17A2 (page does not exist)">SLC17A2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SLC17A3" title="SLC17A3">SLC17A3</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SLC17A4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SLC17A4 (page does not exist)">SLC17A4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SLC17A5" class="mw-redirect" title="SLC17A5">SLC17A5</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SLC17A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SLC17A6 (page does not exist)">SLC17A6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SLC17A7" class="mw-redirect" title="SLC17A7">SLC17A7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SLC17A8" class="mw-redirect" title="SLC17A8">SLC17A8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SLC17A9" title="SLC17A9">SLC17A9</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right; background-color: AntiqueWhite;">(18):</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vesicular_monoamine_transporter" title="Vesicular monoamine transporter">vesicular monoamine transporter</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/VMAT1" class="mw-redirect" title="VMAT1">SLC18A1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VMAT2" class="mw-redirect" title="VMAT2">SLC18A2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vesicular_acetylcholine_transporter" title="Vesicular acetylcholine transporter">SLC18A3</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right; background-color: AntiqueWhite;">(19):</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Folate" title="Folate">folate</a>/<a href="/wiki/Thiamine" title="Thiamine">thiamine</a> transporter <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SLC19A1" class="mw-redirect" title="SLC19A1">SLC19A1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SLC19A2" class="mw-redirect" title="SLC19A2">SLC19A2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SLC19A3" class="mw-redirect" title="SLC19A3">SLC19A3</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right; background-color: AntiqueWhite;">(20):</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Type_III_Na%2B-phosphate" class="mw-redirect" title="Type III Na+-phosphate">type III Na<sup>+</sup>-phosphate</a> cotransporter <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SLC20A1" title="SLC20A1">SLC20A1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SLC20A2" title="SLC20A2">SLC20A2</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="text-align:left; background-color: AntiqueWhite;"><div id="SLC21–300" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">SLC21–30</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right; background-color: AntiqueWhite;">(21):</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Organic_anion-transporting_polypeptide" class="mw-redirect" title="Organic anion-transporting polypeptide">Organic anion-transporting polypeptide</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SLCO1A2" class="mw-redirect" title="SLCO1A2">SLCO1A2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SLCO1B1" class="mw-redirect" title="SLCO1B1">SLCO1B1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SLCO1B3" class="mw-redirect" title="SLCO1B3">SLCO1B3</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SLCO1B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SLCO1B4 (page does not exist)">SLCO1B4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SLCO1C1" class="mw-redirect" title="SLCO1C1">SLCO1C1</a></li></ul></li> <li> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SLCO2A1" class="mw-redirect" title="SLCO2A1">SLCO2A1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SLCO2B1" class="mw-redirect" title="SLCO2B1">SLCO2B1</a></li></ul></li> <li> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SLCO3A1" class="mw-redirect" title="SLCO3A1">SLCO3A1</a></li></ul></li> <li> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SLCO4A1" class="mw-redirect" title="SLCO4A1">SLCO4A1</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SLCO4C1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SLCO4C1 (page does not exist)">SLCO4C1</a></li></ul></li> <li> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SLCO5A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SLCO5A1 (page does not exist)">SLCO5A1</a>(<a href="/w/index.php?title=SLCO6A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SLCO6A1 (page does not exist)">SLCO6A1</a>)</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right; background-color: AntiqueWhite;">(22):</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Organic_cation/anion/zwitterion_transporter" class="mw-redirect" title="Organic cation/anion/zwitterion transporter">organic cation/anion/zwitterion transporter</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SLC22A1" title="SLC22A1">SLC22A1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SLC22A2" title="SLC22A2">SLC22A2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SLC22A3" title="SLC22A3">SLC22A3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SLC22A4" title="SLC22A4">SLC22A4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SLC22A5" title="SLC22A5">SLC22A5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SLC22A6" class="mw-redirect" title="SLC22A6">SLC22A6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SLC22A7" title="SLC22A7">SLC22A7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SLC22A8" title="SLC22A8">SLC22A8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SLC22A9" title="SLC22A9">SLC22A9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SLC22A10" title="SLC22A10">SLC22A10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SLC22A11" title="SLC22A11">SLC22A11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SLC22A12" title="SLC22A12">SLC22A12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SLC22A13" title="SLC22A13">SLC22A13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SLC22A14" title="SLC22A14">SLC22A14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SLC22A15" class="mw-redirect" title="SLC22A15">SLC22A15</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SLC22A16&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SLC22A16 (page does not exist)">SLC22A16</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SLC22A17&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SLC22A17 (page does not exist)">SLC22A17</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SLC22A18" title="SLC22A18">SLC22A18</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SLC22A19" class="mw-redirect" title="SLC22A19">SLC22A19</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SLC22A20&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SLC22A20 (page does not exist)">SLC22A20</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right; background-color: AntiqueWhite;">(23):</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Na%2B-dependent_ascorbic_acid_transporter&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Na+-dependent ascorbic acid transporter (page does not exist)">Na+-dependent ascorbic acid transporter</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SLC23A1" title="SLC23A1">SLC23A1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SLC23A2" title="SLC23A2">SLC23A2</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SLC23A3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SLC23A3 (page does not exist)">SLC23A3</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SLC23A4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SLC23A4 (page does not exist)">SLC23A4</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right; background-color: AntiqueWhite;">(24):</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Na%2B/(Ca2%2B-K%2B)_exchanger" class="mw-redirect" title="Na+/(Ca2+-K+) exchanger">Na<sup>+</sup>/(Ca<sup>2+</sup>-K<sup>+</sup>) exchanger</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SLC24A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SLC24A1 (page does not exist)">SLC24A1</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SLC24A2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SLC24A2 (page does not exist)">SLC24A2</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SLC24A3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SLC24A3 (page does not exist)">SLC24A3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SLC24A4" class="mw-redirect" title="SLC24A4">SLC24A4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SLC24A5" class="mw-redirect" title="SLC24A5">SLC24A5</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SLC24A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SLC24A6 (page does not exist)">SLC24A6</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right; background-color: AntiqueWhite;">(25):</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mitochondrial_carrier" title="Mitochondrial carrier">mitochondrial carrier</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SLC25A1" class="mw-redirect" title="SLC25A1">SLC25A1</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SLC25A2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SLC25A2 (page does not exist)">SLC25A2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SLC25A3" class="mw-redirect" title="SLC25A3">SLC25A3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SLC25A4" class="mw-redirect" title="SLC25A4">SLC25A4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SLC25A5" class="mw-redirect" title="SLC25A5">SLC25A5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SLC25A6" class="mw-redirect" title="SLC25A6">SLC25A6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thermogenin" title="Thermogenin">SLC25A7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SLC25A8" class="mw-redirect" title="SLC25A8">SLC25A8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SLC25A9" class="mw-redirect" title="SLC25A9">SLC25A9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SLC25A10" class="mw-redirect" title="SLC25A10">SLC25A10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SLC25A11" class="mw-redirect" title="SLC25A11">SLC25A11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SLC25A12" class="mw-redirect" title="SLC25A12">SLC25A12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citrin" title="Citrin">SLC25A13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SLC25A14" class="mw-redirect" title="SLC25A14">SLC25A14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ornithine_translocase" title="Ornithine translocase">SLC25A15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SLC25A16" title="SLC25A16">SLC25A16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SLC25A17" class="mw-redirect" title="SLC25A17">SLC25A17</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SLC25A18&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SLC25A18 (page does not exist)">SLC25A18</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SLC25A19" class="mw-redirect" title="SLC25A19">SLC25A19</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carnitine-acylcarnitine_translocase" title="Carnitine-acylcarnitine translocase">SLC25A20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SLC25A21" class="mw-redirect" title="SLC25A21">SLC25A21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SLC25A22" title="SLC25A22">SLC25A22</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SLC25A23&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SLC25A23 (page does not exist)">SLC25A23</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SLC25A24" class="mw-redirect" title="SLC25A24">SLC25A24</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SLC25A25&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SLC25A25 (page does not exist)">SLC25A25</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SLC25A26&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SLC25A26 (page does not exist)">SLC25A26</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SLC25A27" class="mw-redirect" title="SLC25A27">SLC25A27</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SLC25A28&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SLC25A28 (page does not exist)">SLC25A28</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SLC25A29" title="SLC25A29">SLC25A29</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SLC25A30&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SLC25A30 (page does not exist)">SLC25A30</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SLC25A31" class="mw-redirect" title="SLC25A31">SLC25A31</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SLC25A32" class="mw-redirect" title="SLC25A32">SLC25A32</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SLC25A33&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SLC25A33 (page does not exist)">SLC25A33</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SLC25A34&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SLC25A34 (page does not exist)">SLC25A34</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SLC25A35&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SLC25A35 (page does not exist)">SLC25A35</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SLC25A36&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SLC25A36 (page does not exist)">SLC25A36</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SLC25A37" class="mw-redirect" title="SLC25A37">SLC25A37</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SLC25A38" class="mw-redirect" title="SLC25A38">SLC25A38</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SLC25A39" title="SLC25A39">SLC25A39</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SLC25A40&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SLC25A40 (page does not exist)">SLC25A40</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SLC25A41&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SLC25A41 (page does not exist)">SLC25A41</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SLC25A42&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SLC25A42 (page does not exist)">SLC25A42</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SLC25A43&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SLC25A43 (page does not exist)">SLC25A43</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SLC25A44&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SLC25A44 (page does not exist)">SLC25A44</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SLC25A45&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SLC25A45 (page does not exist)">SLC25A45</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SLC25A46" title="SLC25A46">SLC25A46</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right; background-color: AntiqueWhite;">(26):</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Multifunctional_anion_exchanger&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Multifunctional anion exchanger (page does not exist)">multifunctional anion exchanger</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SLC26A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SLC26A1 (page does not exist)">SLC26A1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SLC26A2" class="mw-redirect" title="SLC26A2">SLC26A2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SLC26A3" class="mw-redirect" title="SLC26A3">SLC26A3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pendrin" title="Pendrin">SLC26A4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SLC26A5" class="mw-redirect" title="SLC26A5">SLC26A5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SLC26A6" title="SLC26A6">SLC26A6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SLC26A7" class="mw-redirect" title="SLC26A7">SLC26A7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SLC26A8" title="SLC26A8">SLC26A8</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SLC26A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SLC26A9 (page does not exist)">SLC26A9</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SLC26A10&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SLC26A10 (page does not exist)">SLC26A10</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SLC26A11&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SLC26A11 (page does not exist)">SLC26A11</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right; background-color: AntiqueWhite;">(27):</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Membrane_transport_protein" title="Membrane transport protein">fatty acid transport proteins</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SLC27A1" class="mw-redirect" title="SLC27A1">SLC27A1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SLC27A2" title="SLC27A2">SLC27A2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SLC27A3" title="SLC27A3">SLC27A3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SLC27A4" class="mw-redirect" title="SLC27A4">SLC27A4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SLC27A5" title="SLC27A5">SLC27A5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SLC27A6" title="SLC27A6">SLC27A6</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right; background-color: AntiqueWhite;">(28):</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Na%2B-coupled_nucleoside_transport&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Na+-coupled nucleoside transport (page does not exist)">Na<sup>+</sup>-coupled nucleoside transport</a> (<a href="/wiki/SLC28A1" class="mw-redirect" title="SLC28A1">SLC28A1</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SLC28A2" class="mw-redirect" title="SLC28A2">SLC28A2</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SLC28A3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SLC28A3 (page does not exist)">SLC28A3</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right; background-color: AntiqueWhite;">(29):</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Facilitative_nucleoside_transporter&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Facilitative nucleoside transporter (page does not exist)">facilitative nucleoside transporter</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SLC29A1" class="mw-redirect" title="SLC29A1">SLC29A1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SLC29A2" class="mw-redirect" title="SLC29A2">SLC29A2</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SLC29A3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SLC29A3 (page does not exist)">SLC29A3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SLC29A4" class="mw-redirect" title="SLC29A4">SLC29A4</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right; background-color: AntiqueWhite;">(30):</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zinc_efflux" class="mw-redirect" title="Zinc efflux">zinc efflux</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SLC30A1" class="mw-redirect" title="SLC30A1">SLC30A1</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SLC30A2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SLC30A2 (page does not exist)">SLC30A2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SLC30A3" class="mw-redirect" title="SLC30A3">SLC30A3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SLC30A4" class="mw-redirect" title="SLC30A4">SLC30A4</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SLC30A5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SLC30A5 (page does not exist)">SLC30A5</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SLC30A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SLC30A6 (page does not exist)">SLC30A6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SLC30A7" class="mw-redirect" title="SLC30A7">SLC30A7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SLC30A8" class="mw-redirect" title="SLC30A8">SLC30A8</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SLC30A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SLC30A9 (page does not exist)">SLC30A9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SLC30A10" class="mw-redirect" title="SLC30A10">SLC30A10</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="text-align:left; background-color: AntiqueWhite;"><div id="SLC31–400" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">SLC31–40</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right; background-color: AntiqueWhite;">(31):</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Copper" title="Copper">copper</a> transporter <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SLC31A1" class="mw-redirect" title="SLC31A1">SLC31A1</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right; background-color: AntiqueWhite;">(32):</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vesicular_glutamate_transporter_1" title="Vesicular glutamate transporter 1">Vesicular glutamate transporter 1</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SLC32A1" class="mw-redirect" title="SLC32A1">SLC32A1</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right; background-color: AntiqueWhite;">(33):</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acetyl-CoA" title="Acetyl-CoA">Acetyl-CoA</a> transporter <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SLC33A1" class="mw-redirect" title="SLC33A1">SLC33A1</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right; background-color: AntiqueWhite;">(34):</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Type_II_Na%2B-phosphate_cotransporter&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Type II Na+-phosphate cotransporter (page does not exist)">type II Na<sup>+</sup>-phosphate cotransporter</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SLC34A1" class="mw-redirect" title="SLC34A1">SLC34A1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SLC34A2" class="mw-redirect" title="SLC34A2">SLC34A2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SLC34A3" class="mw-redirect" title="SLC34A3">SLC34A3</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right; background-color: AntiqueWhite;">(35):</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nucleoside-sugar_transporter&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nucleoside-sugar transporter (page does not exist)">nucleoside-sugar transporter</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SLC35A1" class="mw-redirect" title="SLC35A1">SLC35A1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SLC35A2" class="mw-redirect" title="SLC35A2">SLC35A2</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SLC35A3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SLC35A3 (page does not exist)">SLC35A3</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SLC35A4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SLC35A4 (page does not exist)">SLC35A4</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SLC35A5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SLC35A5 (page does not exist)">SLC35A5</a></li></ul></li> <li> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SLC35B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SLC35B1 (page does not exist)">SLC35B1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SLC35B2" class="mw-redirect" title="SLC35B2">SLC35B2</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SLC35B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SLC35B3 (page does not exist)">SLC35B3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SLC35B4" class="mw-redirect" title="SLC35B4">SLC35B4</a></li></ul></li> <li> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SLC35C1" class="mw-redirect" title="SLC35C1">SLC35C1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SLC35C2" title="SLC35C2">SLC35C2</a></li></ul></li> <li> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SLC35D1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SLC35D1 (page does not exist)">SLC35D1</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SLC35D2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SLC35D2 (page does not exist)">SLC35D2</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SLC35D3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SLC35D3 (page does not exist)">SLC35D3</a></li></ul></li> <li> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SLC35E1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SLC35E1 (page does not exist)">SLC35E1</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SLC35E2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SLC35E2 (page does not exist)">SLC35E2</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SLC35E3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SLC35E3 (page does not exist)">SLC35E3</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SLC35E4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SLC35E4 (page does not exist)">SLC35E4</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right; background-color: AntiqueWhite;">(36):</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Proton-coupled_amino-acid_transporter" class="mw-redirect" title="Proton-coupled amino-acid transporter">proton-coupled amino-acid transporter</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SLC36A1" class="mw-redirect" title="SLC36A1">SLC36A1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SLC36A2" class="mw-redirect" title="SLC36A2">SLC36A2</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SLC36A3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SLC36A3 (page does not exist)">SLC36A3</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SLC36A4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SLC36A4 (page does not exist)">SLC36A4</a><a href="/wiki/SLC36A2" class="mw-redirect" title="SLC36A2">36A2</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right; background-color: AntiqueWhite;">(37):</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sugar-phosphate/phosphate_exchanger&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sugar-phosphate/phosphate exchanger (page does not exist)">sugar-phosphate/phosphate exchanger</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SLC37A1" class="mw-redirect" title="SLC37A1">SLC37A1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SLC37A2" class="mw-redirect" title="SLC37A2">SLC37A2</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SLC37A3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SLC37A3 (page does not exist)">SLC37A3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SLC37A4" class="mw-redirect" title="SLC37A4">SLC37A4</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right; background-color: AntiqueWhite;">(38):</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=System_A_%26_N,_sodium-coupled_neutral_amino-acid_transporter&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="System A & N, sodium-coupled neutral amino-acid transporter (page does not exist)">System A & N, sodium-coupled neutral amino-acid transporter</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SLC38A1" title="SLC38A1">SLC38A1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SLC38A2" class="mw-redirect" title="SLC38A2">SLC38A2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SLC38A3" class="mw-redirect" title="SLC38A3">SLC38A3</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SLC38A4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SLC38A4 (page does not exist)">SLC38A4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SLC38A5" title="SLC38A5">SLC38A5</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SLC38A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SLC38A6 (page does not exist)">SLC38A6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SLC38A10" class="mw-redirect" title="SLC38A10">SLC38A10</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right; background-color: AntiqueWhite;">(39):</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Metal_ion_transporter" class="mw-redirect" title="Metal ion transporter">metal ion transporter</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SLC39A1" class="mw-redirect" title="SLC39A1">SLC39A1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SLC39A2" class="mw-redirect" title="SLC39A2">SLC39A2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SLC39A3" class="mw-redirect" title="SLC39A3">SLC39A3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SLC39A4" class="mw-redirect" title="SLC39A4">SLC39A4</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SLC39A5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SLC39A5 (page does not exist)">SLC39A5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SLC39A6" class="mw-redirect" title="SLC39A6">SLC39A6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SLC39A7" class="mw-redirect" title="SLC39A7">SLC39A7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SLC39A8" class="mw-redirect" title="SLC39A8">SLC39A8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SLC39A9" class="mw-redirect" title="SLC39A9">SLC39A9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SLC39A10" class="mw-redirect" title="SLC39A10">SLC39A10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SLC39A11" title="SLC39A11">SLC39A11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SLC39A12" class="mw-redirect" title="SLC39A12">SLC39A12</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SLC39A13&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SLC39A13 (page does not exist)">SLC39A13</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SLC39A14&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SLC39A14 (page does not exist)">SLC39A14</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right; background-color: AntiqueWhite;">(40):</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Basolateral_iron_transporter&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Basolateral iron transporter (page does not exist)">basolateral iron transporter</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ferroportin" title="Ferroportin">SLC40A1</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible uncollapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="text-align:left; background-color: AntiqueWhite;"><div id="SLC41–480" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">SLC41–48</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right; background-color: AntiqueWhite;">(41):</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Magnesium_transporter_E" title="Magnesium transporter E">Magnesium transporter E</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SLC41A1" title="SLC41A1">SLC41A1</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SLC41A2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SLC41A2 (page does not exist)">SLC41A2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SLC41A3" title="SLC41A3">SLC41A3</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right; background-color: AntiqueWhite;">(42):</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ammonia transporter</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/RHAG" title="RHAG">RhAG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RHBG" title="RHBG">RhBG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RHCG" title="RHCG">RhCG</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right; background-color: AntiqueWhite;">(43):</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Na%2B-independent,_system-L_like_amino-acid_transporter&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Na+-independent, system-L like amino-acid transporter (page does not exist)">Na<sup>+</sup>-independent, system-L like amino-acid transporter</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SLC43A1" class="mw-redirect" title="SLC43A1">SLC43A1</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SLC43A2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SLC43A2 (page does not exist)">SLC43A2</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SLC43A3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SLC43A3 (page does not exist)">SLC43A3</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right; background-color: AntiqueWhite;">(44):</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Choline-like_transporter&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Choline-like transporter (page does not exist)">Choline-like transporter</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SLC44A1" class="mw-redirect" title="SLC44A1">SLC44A1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SLC44A2" class="mw-redirect" title="SLC44A2">SLC44A2</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SLC44A3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SLC44A3 (page does not exist)">SLC44A3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SLC44A4" class="mw-redirect" title="SLC44A4">SLC44A4</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SLC44A5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SLC44A5 (page does not exist)">SLC44A5</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right; background-color: AntiqueWhite;">(45):</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Putative_sugar_transporter&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Putative sugar transporter (page does not exist)">Putative sugar transporter</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SLC45A1" title="SLC45A1">SLC45A1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SLC45A2" class="mw-redirect" title="SLC45A2">SLC45A2</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SLC54A3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SLC54A3 (page does not exist)">SLC54A3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SLC45A4" title="SLC45A4">SLC45A4</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right; background-color: AntiqueWhite;">(46):</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Folate_transporter&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Folate transporter (page does not exist)">Folate transporter</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SLC46A1" class="mw-redirect" title="SLC46A1">SLC46A1</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SLC46A2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SLC46A2 (page does not exist)">SLC46A2</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right; background-color: AntiqueWhite;">(47):</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Multi-antimicrobial_extrusion_protein" title="Multi-antimicrobial extrusion protein">multidrug and toxin extrusion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SLC47A1" class="mw-redirect" title="SLC47A1">SLC47A1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SLC47A2" class="mw-redirect" title="SLC47A2">SLC47A2</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right; background-color: AntiqueWhite;">(48):</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Heme_transporter" title="Heme transporter">Heme transporter</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="text-align:left; background-color: AntiqueWhite;"><div id="SLCO1–40" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">SLCO1–4</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SLCO1A2" class="mw-redirect" title="SLCO1A2">O1A2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SLCO1B1" class="mw-redirect" title="SLCO1B1">O1B1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SLCO1B3" class="mw-redirect" title="SLCO1B3">O1B3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SLCO2B1" class="mw-redirect" title="SLCO2B1">O2B1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SLCO3A1" class="mw-redirect" title="SLCO3A1">O431</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SLCO4A1" class="mw-redirect" title="SLCO4A1">O4A1</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color: AntiqueWhite;"><div id="Ion_pumps292" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Ion_transporter" title="Ion transporter">Ion pumps</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: AntiqueWhite"><a href="/wiki/Symporter" title="Symporter">Symporter</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cotransporter" title="Cotransporter">Cotransporter</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Na-K-Cl_cotransporter" class="mw-redirect" title="Na-K-Cl cotransporter">Na<sup>+</sup>/K<sup>+</sup>,Cl<sup>−</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sodium/phosphate_cotransporter" title="Sodium/phosphate cotransporter">Na<sup>+</sup>/P<sub>i</sub>3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sodium-chloride_symporter" title="Sodium-chloride symporter">Na<sup>+</sup>/Cl<sup>−</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sodium-glucose_transport_proteins" title="Sodium-glucose transport proteins">Na<sup>+</sup>/glucose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sodium-iodide_symporter" class="mw-redirect" title="Sodium-iodide symporter">Na<sup>+</sup>/I<sup>−</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chloride_potassium_symporter" title="Chloride potassium symporter">Cl<sup>−</sup>/K<sup>+</sup></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chloride_potassium_symporter_4" title="Chloride potassium symporter 4">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chloride_potassium_symporter_5" title="Chloride potassium symporter 5">5</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: AntiqueWhite"><a href="/wiki/Antiporter" title="Antiporter">Antiporter (exchanger)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sodium%E2%80%93hydrogen_antiporter" title="Sodium–hydrogen antiporter">Na<sup>+</sup>/H<sup>+</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sodium-calcium_exchanger" title="Sodium-calcium exchanger">Na<sup>+</sup>/Ca<sup>2+</sup></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Potassium-dependent_sodium-calcium_exchanger" title="Potassium-dependent sodium-calcium exchanger">Na<sup>+</sup>/(Ca<sup>2+</sup>-K<sup>+</sup></a>) - <a href="/wiki/Band_3" class="mw-redirect" title="Band 3">Cl<sup>−</sup>/<span class="chemf nowrap">HCO<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">−</sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">3</sub></span></span></span> (Band 3)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cl-formate_exchanger" class="mw-redirect" title="Cl-formate exchanger">Cl<sup>−</sup>-formate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cl-oxalate_exchanger" title="Cl-oxalate exchanger">Cl<sup>−</sup>-oxalate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color: AntiqueWhite; padding: 0px;"><div><i>see also <a href="/wiki/Template:Solute_carrier_disorders" title="Template:Solute carrier disorders">solute carrier disorders</a></i></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ammonia_transporter&oldid=1187810845">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ammonia_transporter&oldid=1187810845</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Category</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Solute_carrier_family" title="Category:Solute carrier family">Solute carrier family</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_November_2013" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from November 2013">Articles with unsourced statements from November 2013</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_imported_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_3.0_text" title="Category:Articles with imported Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 text">Articles with imported Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 text</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 1 December 2023, at 15:38<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ammonia_transporter&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" lang="en" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" width="88" height="31"><img src="/w/resources/assets/mediawiki_compact.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="25" height="25" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-header-container vector-sticky-header-container"> <div id="vector-sticky-header" class="vector-sticky-header"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-start"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-start vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" aria-hidden="true"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-sticky-header-search-toggle" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.vector-sticky-search-form.icon"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </button> </div> <div role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box"> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="vector-sticky-search-form" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia"> <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-sticky-header-toc vector-sticky-header-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-sticky-header-toc-label" for="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar-primary" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="mw-page-title-main">Ammonia transporter</span></div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-end" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icons"> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-talk-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="talk-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbles mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbles"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-subject-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="subject-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-article mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-article"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-history-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="history-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-history mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-history"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only mw-watchlink" id="ca-watchstar-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="watch-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-star mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-star"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="wikitext-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikiText mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-wikiText"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-ve-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-viewsource-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-protected-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-editLock mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-editLock"></span> <span></span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-buttons"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector" id="p-lang-btn-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-language"></span> <span>Add languages</span> </button> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbleAdd-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbleAdd-progressive"></span> <span>Add topic</span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-b766959bd-xxdpl","wgBackendResponseTime":131,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.579","walltime":"0.818","ppvisitednodes":{"value":2809,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":204168,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":2245,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":19,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":2,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":100590,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 619.759 1 -total"," 40.88% 253.360 1 Template:Reflist"," 36.15% 224.013 20 Template:Cite_journal"," 25.26% 156.567 1 Template:Pfam_box"," 24.66% 152.814 7 Template:Main_other"," 24.58% 152.337 1 Template:Membrane_transport_proteins"," 16.81% 104.166 1 Template:Short_description"," 11.01% 68.239 2 Template:Infobox"," 7.35% 45.563 1 Template:SDcat"," 6.81% 42.184 1 Template:Citation_needed"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.361","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":5924802,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.eqiad.main-868759585b-gxnhd","timestamp":"20250216193651","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Ammonia transporter","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ammonia_transporter","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q24739617","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q24739617","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2011-09-11T06:00:31Z","dateModified":"2023-12-01T15:38:22Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/1\/1c\/Rhcg_3hd6.png","headline":"group of membrane proteins that passively transport NH4+ cations through the membrane"}</script> </body> </html>