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<li id="toc-Coryell_and_two_worlds" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Coryell_and_two_worlds"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Coryell and two worlds</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Coryell_and_two_worlds-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Miles_Davis_plugs_in" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Miles_Davis_plugs_in"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Miles Davis plugs in</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Miles_Davis_plugs_in-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Davis_sidemen_branch_out" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Davis_sidemen_branch_out"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Davis sidemen branch out</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Davis_sidemen_branch_out-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Jazz_rock" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Jazz_rock"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Jazz rock</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Jazz_rock-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Jazz_metal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Jazz_metal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Jazz metal</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Jazz_metal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Jazz_pop" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Jazz_pop"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Jazz pop</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Jazz_pop-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Smooth_jazz" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Smooth_jazz"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Smooth jazz</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Smooth_jazz-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_styles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_styles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Other styles</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Other_styles-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Other styles subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Other_styles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Punk_jazz" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Punk_jazz"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Punk jazz</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Punk_jazz-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Jazz-funk" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Jazz-funk"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Jazz-funk</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Jazz-funk-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-M-Base" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#M-Base"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>M-Base</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-M-Base-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Afro-Cuban_jazz" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Afro-Cuban_jazz"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4</span> <span>Afro-Cuban jazz</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Afro-Cuban_jazz-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Influence_on_rock_music" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Influence_on_rock_music"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Influence on rock music</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Influence_on_rock_music-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Jazz fusion</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 42 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-42" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">42 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B2_%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%AC%D9%86" title="جاز فيوجن – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جاز فيوجن" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B7_%D1%84%D1%8E%D0%B6%D1%8A%D0%BD" title="Джаз фюжън – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Джаз фюжън" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jazz_fusi%C3%B3" title="Jazz fusió – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Jazz fusió" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jazz_fusion" title="Jazz fusion – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Jazz fusion" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jazz_fusion" title="Jazz fusion – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Jazz fusion" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fusion_(Musik)" title="Fusion (Musik) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Fusion (Musik)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jazz_fusion" title="Jazz fusion – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Jazz fusion" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jazz_fusi%C3%B3n" title="Jazz fusión – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Jazz fusión" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rok%C4%B5azo" title="Rokĵazo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Rokĵazo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B2_%D9%81%DB%8C%D9%88%DA%98%D9%86" title="جاز فیوژن – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="جاز فیوژن" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jazz_fusion" title="Jazz fusion – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Jazz fusion" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fusion" title="Fusion – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Fusion" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9E%AC%EC%A6%88_%ED%93%A8%EC%A0%84" title="재즈 퓨전 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="재즈 퓨전" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jazz_fuzija" title="Jazz fuzija – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Jazz fuzija" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fusion_jazz" title="Fusion jazz – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Fusion jazz" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Djassbr%C3%A6%C3%B0ingur" title="Djassbræðingur – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Djassbræðingur" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fusion_(genere_musicale)" title="Fusion (genere musicale) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Fusion (genere musicale)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AF%E1%83%90%E1%83%96-%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9F%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="ჯაზ-ფიუჟენი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ჯაზ-ფიუჟენი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C5%BEezroks" title="Džezroks – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Džezroks" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jazz_fusion" title="Jazz fusion – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Jazz fusion" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%BAzi%C3%B3s_jazz" title="Fúziós jazz – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Fúziós jazz" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fusion_(muziek)" title="Fusion (muziek) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Fusion (muziek)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%95%E3%83%A5%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B8%E3%83%A7%E3%83%B3_(%E9%9F%B3%E6%A5%BD)" title="フュージョン (音楽) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="フュージョン (音楽)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jazz-fusion" title="Jazz-fusion – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Jazz-fusion" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jazz-fusion" title="Jazz-fusion – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Jazz-fusion" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fusion_(Musik)" title="Fusion (Musik) – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Fusion (Musik)" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jazz-rock" title="Jazz-rock – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Jazz-rock" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jazz_fusion" title="Jazz fusion – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Jazz fusion" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jazz_fusion" title="Jazz fusion – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Jazz fusion" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B7-%D1%84%D1%8C%D1%8E%D0%B6%D0%BD" title="Джаз-фьюжн – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Джаз-фьюжн" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jazz_fusion" title="Jazz fusion – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Jazz fusion" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jazz_fusion" title="Jazz fusion – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Jazz fusion" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jazz_fusion" title="Jazz fusion – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Jazz fusion" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jazz_fusion" title="Jazz fusion – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Jazz fusion" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%8F%D0%B5%D0%B7_%D1%84%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Џез фузија – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Џез фузија" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jazz_fusion" title="Jazz fusion – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Jazz fusion" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuusiojazz" title="Fuusiojazz – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Fuusiojazz" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%88%E0%B9%8A%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99" title="แจ๊สฟิวชัน – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="แจ๊สฟิวชัน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caz_f%C3%BCzyonu" title="Caz füzyonu – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Caz füzyonu" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B7-%D1%84%27%D1%8E%D0%B6%D0%BD_(%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%80)" title="Джаз-ф'южн (музичний жанр) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Джаз-ф'южн (музичний жанр)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%9E%8D%E5%90%88%E7%88%B5%E5%A3%AB%E6%A8%82" title="融合爵士樂 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="融合爵士樂" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%9E%8D%E5%90%88%E7%88%B5%E5%A3%AB%E6%A8%82" title="融合爵士樂 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="融合爵士樂" 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.mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above">Jazz fusion</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Other names</th><td class="infobox-data hlist">Jazz rock, jazz-rock fusion, fusion</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Stylistic origins</th><td class="infobox-data hlist"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jazz" title="Jazz">Jazz</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music" title="Rock music">rock</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Funk" title="Funk">funk</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Psychedelic_music" title="Psychedelic music">psychedelia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cool_jazz" title="Cool jazz">cool jazz</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Bebop" title="Bebop">bebop</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Modal_jazz" title="Modal jazz">modal jazz</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Cultural origins</th><td class="infobox-data hlist">Late 1960s, United States</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Derivative forms</th><td class="infobox-data hlist"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zeuhl" title="Zeuhl">Zeuhl</a><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li><li><a href="/wiki/Smooth_jazz" title="Smooth jazz">smooth jazz</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Acid_jazz" title="Acid jazz">acid jazz</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Quiet_storm" title="Quiet storm">quiet storm</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Urban_contemporary" class="mw-redirect" title="Urban contemporary">urban contemporary</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Nu_jazz" title="Nu jazz">nu jazz</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Technical_death_metal" title="Technical death metal">technical death metal</a><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Other topics</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data hlist"><a href="/wiki/List_of_jazz_fusion_musicians" title="List of jazz fusion musicians">List of musicians</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Jazz fusion</b> (also known as <b>jazz rock</b>, <b>jazz-rock fusion</b>, or simply <b>fusion</b><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) is a <a href="/wiki/Popular_music" title="Popular music">popular music</a> <a href="/wiki/Music_genre" title="Music genre">genre</a> that developed in the late 1960s when musicians combined <a href="/wiki/Jazz" title="Jazz">jazz</a> harmony and <a href="/wiki/Jazz_improvisation" title="Jazz improvisation">improvisation</a> with <a href="/wiki/Rock_music" title="Rock music">rock music</a>, <a href="/wiki/Funk" title="Funk">funk</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Rhythm_and_blues" title="Rhythm and blues">rhythm and blues</a>. Electric guitars, amplifiers, and keyboards that were popular in rock began to be used by jazz musicians, particularly those who had grown up listening to rock and roll. </p><p>Jazz fusion <a href="/wiki/Arrangements" class="mw-redirect" title="Arrangements">arrangements</a> vary in complexity. Some employ groove-based vamps fixed to a single key or a single chord with a simple, repeated melody. Others use elaborate <a href="/wiki/Chord_progression" title="Chord progression">chord progressions</a>, unconventional time signatures, or melodies with <a href="/wiki/Hauptstimme" title="Hauptstimme">counter-melodies</a>. These arrangements, whether simple or complex, typically include improvised sections that can vary in length, much like in other forms of jazz. </p><p>As with jazz, jazz fusion can employ brass and woodwind instruments such as trumpet and saxophone, but other instruments often substitute for these. A jazz fusion band is less likely to use <a href="/wiki/Piano" title="Piano">piano</a> and <a href="/wiki/Double_bass" title="Double bass">double bass</a>, and more likely to use <a href="/wiki/Electric_guitar" title="Electric guitar">electric guitar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Electric_piano" title="Electric piano">electric piano</a>, <a href="/wiki/Synthesizer" title="Synthesizer">synthesizers</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Bass_guitar" title="Bass guitar">bass guitar</a>. </p><p>The term "jazz rock" is sometimes used as a synonym for "jazz fusion" and for music performed by late 1960s- and 1970s-era rock bands that added jazz elements to their music. After a decade of popularity during the 1970s, fusion expanded its improvisatory and experimental approaches through the 1980s in parallel with the development of a radio-friendly style called <a href="/wiki/Smooth_jazz" title="Smooth jazz">smooth jazz</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Experimentation continued in the 1990s and 2000s. Fusion albums, even those that are made by the same group or artist, may include a variety of musical styles. Rather than being a codified musical style, fusion can be viewed as a musical tradition or approach. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jazz_fusion&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Update plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Update" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_current_red_Asia_Australia.svg/42px-Ambox_current_red_Asia_Australia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="42" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_current_red_Asia_Australia.svg/63px-Ambox_current_red_Asia_Australia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_current_red_Asia_Australia.svg/84px-Ambox_current_red_Asia_Australia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="290" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section needs to be <b>updated</b>. The reason given is: Does not cover other decades besides the 70s and out of touch with recent developments.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">November 2023</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Coryell_and_two_worlds">Coryell and two worlds</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jazz_fusion&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Coryell and two worlds"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>When <a href="/wiki/John_Coltrane" title="John Coltrane">John Coltrane</a> died in 1967, rock was the most popular music in America, and <i><a href="/wiki/DownBeat" title="DownBeat">DownBeat</a></i> magazine went so far as to declare in a headline that: "Jazz as We Know It Is Dead".<sup id="cite_ref-Fusions_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fusions-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/AllMusic" title="AllMusic">AllMusic</a> states that "until around 1967, the worlds of jazz and rock were nearly completely separate".<sup id="cite_ref-Fusion_overview_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fusion_overview-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Larry_Coryell_1979.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Larry_Coryell_1979.jpg/180px-Larry_Coryell_1979.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="272" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Larry_Coryell_1979.jpg/270px-Larry_Coryell_1979.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Larry_Coryell_1979.jpg/360px-Larry_Coryell_1979.jpg 2x" data-file-width="420" data-file-height="635" /></a><figcaption>Guitarist <a href="/wiki/Larry_Coryell" title="Larry Coryell">Larry Coryell</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Guitarist <a href="/wiki/Larry_Coryell" title="Larry Coryell">Larry Coryell</a>, sometimes called the godfather of fusion, referred to a generation of musicians who had grown up on rock and roll when he said, "We loved Miles but we also loved the <a href="/wiki/Rolling_Stones" class="mw-redirect" title="Rolling Stones">Rolling Stones</a>."<sup id="cite_ref-OxMilkowski_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OxMilkowski-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1966, he started the band <a href="/wiki/The_Free_Spirits" title="The Free Spirits">the Free Spirits</a> with <a href="/wiki/Bob_Moses_(musician)" title="Bob Moses (musician)">Bob Moses</a> on drums and recorded the band's first album,<sup id="cite_ref-Fusions_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fusions-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/Out_of_Sight_and_Sound" title="Out of Sight and Sound">Out of Sight and Sound</a></i>, released in 1967. That same year, <i>DownBeat</i> began to report on rock music.<sup id="cite_ref-OxMilkowski_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OxMilkowski-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the Free Spirits, Coryell was part of a quartet led by vibraphonist <a href="/wiki/Gary_Burton" title="Gary Burton">Gary Burton</a>, releasing the album <i><a href="/wiki/Duster_(Gary_Burton_album)" title="Duster (Gary Burton album)">Duster</a></i> with its rock guitar influence.<sup id="cite_ref-Fusions_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fusions-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Burton produced the album <i>Tomorrow Never Knows</i> for Count's Jam Band, which included Coryell, <a href="/wiki/Mike_Nock" title="Mike Nock">Mike Nock</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Steve_Marcus" title="Steve Marcus">Steve Marcus</a>, all of them former students at Berklee College in Boston.<sup id="cite_ref-Fusions_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fusions-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The pioneers of fusion emphasized exploration, energy, electricity, intensity, virtuosity, and volume. <a href="/wiki/Charles_Lloyd_(jazz_musician)" title="Charles Lloyd (jazz musician)">Charles Lloyd</a> played a combination of rock and jazz at the <a href="/wiki/Monterey_Jazz_Festival" title="Monterey Jazz Festival">Monterey Jazz Festival</a> in 1966 with a quartet that included <a href="/wiki/Keith_Jarrett" title="Keith Jarrett">Keith Jarrett</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jack_DeJohnette" title="Jack DeJohnette">Jack DeJohnette</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-OxMilkowski_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OxMilkowski-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lloyd adopted the trappings of the California <a href="/wiki/Psychedelic_rock" title="Psychedelic rock">psychedelic rock</a> scene by playing at the rock venue the <a href="/wiki/Fillmore_West" title="Fillmore West">Fillmore West</a>, wearing colorful clothes, and giving his albums titles like <i>Dream Weaver</i> and <i>Forest Flower</i>, which were bestselling jazz albums in 1967.<sup id="cite_ref-Fusions_6-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fusions-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Flautist <a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Steig" title="Jeremy Steig">Jeremy Steig</a> experimented with jazz in his band Jeremy & the Satyrs with vibraphonist <a href="/wiki/Mike_Mainieri" title="Mike Mainieri">Mike Mainieri</a>. The jazz label <a href="/wiki/Verve_Records" title="Verve Records">Verve</a> released the first album (<i>Freak Out</i>) by rock guitarist <a href="/wiki/Frank_Zappa" title="Frank Zappa">Frank Zappa</a> in 1966.<sup id="cite_ref-OxMilkowski_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OxMilkowski-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Rahsaan_Roland_Kirk" title="Rahsaan Roland Kirk">Rahsaan Roland Kirk</a> performed with Jimi Hendrix at <a href="/wiki/Ronnie_Scott%27s_Jazz_Club" title="Ronnie Scott's Jazz Club">Ronnie Scott's Jazz Club</a> in London.<sup id="cite_ref-OxMilkowski_8-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OxMilkowski-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Miles_Davis_plugs_in">Miles Davis plugs in</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jazz_fusion&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Miles Davis plugs in"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As members of <a href="/wiki/Miles_Davis" title="Miles Davis">Miles Davis</a>' band, <a href="/wiki/Chick_Corea" title="Chick Corea">Chick Corea</a> and <a href="/wiki/Herbie_Hancock" title="Herbie Hancock">Herbie Hancock</a> played electric piano on <i><a href="/wiki/Filles_de_Kilimanjaro" title="Filles de Kilimanjaro">Filles de Kilimanjaro</a></i>. Davis wrote in his autobiography that in 1968 he had been listening to <a href="/wiki/Jimi_Hendrix" title="Jimi Hendrix">Jimi Hendrix</a>, <a href="/wiki/James_Brown" title="James Brown">James Brown</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Sly_and_the_Family_Stone" title="Sly and the Family Stone">Sly and the Family Stone</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-OxMilkowski_8-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OxMilkowski-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When Davis recorded <i><a href="/wiki/Bitches_Brew" title="Bitches Brew">Bitches Brew</a></i> in 1969, he mostly abandoned the swing beat in favor of a rock and roll backbeat and bass guitar grooves. The album "mixed free jazz blowing by a large ensemble with electronic keyboards and guitar, plus a dense mix of percussion".<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Davis played his trumpet like an electric guitar—plugged in to electronic effects and pedals. </p><p>By the end of the first year, <i>Bitches Brew</i> sold 400,000 copies, four times the average for a Miles Davis album. Over the next two years, the aloof Davis recorded more often, worked with many sidemen, appeared on television, and performed at rock venues. Just as quickly, Davis tested the loyalty of rock fans by continuing to experiment. His producer, <a href="/wiki/Teo_Macero" title="Teo Macero">Teo Macero</a>, inserted previously recorded material into the <i>Jack Johnson</i> soundtrack, <i><a href="/wiki/Live-Evil_(Miles_Davis_album)" title="Live-Evil (Miles Davis album)">Live-Evil</a></i>, and <i><a href="/wiki/On_the_Corner" title="On the Corner">On the Corner</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Gioia_history_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gioia_history-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Miles_Davis_24.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Miles_Davis_24.jpg/220px-Miles_Davis_24.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Miles_Davis_24.jpg/330px-Miles_Davis_24.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Miles_Davis_24.jpg/440px-Miles_Davis_24.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1614" data-file-height="1187" /></a><figcaption>Trumpet player <a href="/wiki/Miles_Davis" title="Miles Davis">Miles Davis</a> was a key figure in the development of fusion.</figcaption></figure> <p>Although <i>Bitches Brew</i> gave him a <a href="/wiki/Music_recording_sales_certification" class="mw-redirect" title="Music recording sales certification">gold record</a>, the use of electric instruments and rock beats created consternation among some jazz critics, who accused Davis of betraying the essence of jazz.<sup id="cite_ref-considine_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-considine-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Music critic Kevin Fellezs commented that some members of the jazz community regarded rock music as less sophisticated and more commercial than jazz.<sup id="cite_ref-Briley_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Briley-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Davis's 1969 album <i><a href="/wiki/In_a_Silent_Way" title="In a Silent Way">In a Silent Way</a></i> is considered his first fusion album.<sup id="cite_ref-Southall_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Southall-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Composed of two side-long improvised suites edited heavily by Teo Macero, the album was made by pioneers of jazz fusion: Corea, Hancock, <a href="/wiki/Tony_Williams_(drummer)" title="Tony Williams (drummer)">Tony Williams</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wayne_Shorter" title="Wayne Shorter">Wayne Shorter</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joe_Zawinul" title="Joe Zawinul">Joe Zawinul</a> and <a href="/wiki/John_McLaughlin_(musician)" title="John McLaughlin (musician)">John McLaughlin</a>. </p><p><i><a href="/wiki/Jack_Johnson_(album)" title="Jack Johnson (album)">A Tribute to Jack Johnson</a></i> (1971) has been cited as "the purest electric jazz record ever made" and "one of the most remarkable jazz rock discs of the era".<sup id="cite_ref-tribute_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tribute-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Fordham_tribute_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fordham_tribute-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to music journalist Zaid Mudhaffer, the term "jazz fusion" was coined in a review of <i><a href="/wiki/Song_of_Innocence" title="Song of Innocence">Song of Innocence</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/David_Axelrod_(musician)" title="David Axelrod (musician)">David Axelrod</a> when it was released in 1968.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Axelrod said Davis had played the album before conceiving <i>Bitches Brew</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Davis_sidemen_branch_out">Davis sidemen branch out</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jazz_fusion&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Davis sidemen branch out"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:JohnMcLaughlin.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/JohnMcLaughlin.jpg/220px-JohnMcLaughlin.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="278" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/75/JohnMcLaughlin.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="320" data-file-height="405" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/John_McLaughlin_(musician)" title="John McLaughlin (musician)">John McLaughlin</a> performs during his <a href="/wiki/Mahavishnu_Orchestra" title="Mahavishnu Orchestra">Mahavishnu Orchestra</a> period</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Miles_Davis" title="Miles Davis">Miles Davis</a> was one of the first jazz musicians to incorporate jazz fusion into his material. He also proved to be a good judge of talented sidemen. Several of the players he chose for his early fusion work went on to success in their own bands. His guitar player John McLaughlin branched out, forming his own fusion group <a href="/wiki/Mahavishnu_Orchestra" title="Mahavishnu Orchestra">Mahavishnu Orchestra</a>. Blending Indian classical music, jazz, and psychedelic rock, they created a whole new style just as Davis had. Davis's albums during this period, including <a href="/wiki/In_a_Silent_Way" title="In a Silent Way">In a Silent Way</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bitches_Brew" title="Bitches Brew">Bitches Brew</a>, <a href="/wiki/A_Tribute_to_Jack_Johnson" class="mw-redirect" title="A Tribute to Jack Johnson">A Tribute to Jack Johnson</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Live-Evil_(Miles_Davis_album)" title="Live-Evil (Miles Davis album)">Live-Evil</a></i> and <a href="/wiki/On_the_Corner" title="On the Corner">On the Corner</a>, featured McLaughlin. </p><p>Davis dropped out of music in 1975 because of problems with drugs and alcohol, but his sidemen took advantage of the creative and financial vistas that had been opened. Herbie Hancock brought elements of funk, disco, and electronic music into commercially successful albums such as <i><a href="/wiki/Head_Hunters" title="Head Hunters">Head Hunters</a></i> (1973) and <i><a href="/wiki/Feets,_Don%27t_Fail_Me_Now" title="Feets, Don't Fail Me Now">Feets, Don't Fail Me Now</a></i> (1979). Several years after recording <i><a href="/wiki/Miles_in_the_Sky" title="Miles in the Sky">Miles in the Sky</a></i> with Davis, guitarist <a href="/wiki/George_Benson" title="George Benson">George Benson</a> became a vocalist with enough pop hits to overshadow his earlier career in jazz.<sup id="cite_ref-Gioia_history_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gioia_history-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While Davis was sidelined, Chick Corea gained prominence. In the early 1970s Corea combined jazz, rock, pop, and Brazilian music in <a href="/wiki/Return_to_Forever" title="Return to Forever">Return to Forever</a>, a band that included <a href="/wiki/Stanley_Clarke" title="Stanley Clarke">Stanley Clarke</a> on bass guitar and <a href="/wiki/Al_Di_Meola" title="Al Di Meola">Al Di Meola</a> on electric guitar. Corea divided the rest of his career between acoustic and electric music, non-commercial and commercial, jazz and pop rock, with a band for each: the Akoustic Band and the Elektric Band.<sup id="cite_ref-Gioia_history_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gioia_history-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Joe Zawinul and Wayne Shorter started very influential jazz fusion band <a href="/wiki/Weather_Report" title="Weather Report">Weather Report</a> in 1970 and developed successful career along with major musicians like <a href="/wiki/Alphonse_Mouzon" title="Alphonse Mouzon">Alphonse Mouzon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jaco_Pastorius" title="Jaco Pastorius">Jaco Pastorius</a>, <a href="/wiki/Airto_Moreira" title="Airto Moreira">Airto Moreira</a> and <a href="/wiki/Miroslav_Vitou%C5%A1" title="Miroslav Vitouš">Miroslav Vitouš</a> until 1986. </p><p>Tony Williams was a member of Davis's band since 1963. Williams reflected, "I wanted to create a different atmosphere from the one I had been in...What better way to do it than to go electric?" He left Davis to form <a href="/wiki/The_Tony_Williams_Lifetime" title="The Tony Williams Lifetime">the Tony Williams Lifetime</a> with English guitarist John McLaughlin and organist <a href="/wiki/Larry_Young_(musician)" title="Larry Young (musician)">Larry Young</a>. The band combined rock intensity and loudness with jazz spontaneity. The debut album <a href="/wiki/Emergency!_(album)" title="Emergency! (album)"><i>Emergency!</i></a> was recorded three months before <i>Bitches Brew</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-OxMilkowski_8-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OxMilkowski-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Although McLaughlin had worked with Miles Davis, he was influenced more by Jimi Hendrix and had played with English rock musicians <a href="/wiki/Eric_Clapton" title="Eric Clapton">Eric Clapton</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mick_Jagger" title="Mick Jagger">Mick Jagger</a> before creating the Mahavishnu Orchestra around the same time that Corea started Return to Forever. McLaughlin had been a member of Tony Williams's Lifetime. He brought to his music many of the elements that interested other musicians in the 1960s and early 1970s: counterculture, rock and roll, electronic instruments, solo virtuosity, experimentation, the blending of genres, and an interest in the exotic, such as Indian music.<sup id="cite_ref-Gioia_history_10-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gioia_history-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He formed the Mahavishnu Orchestra with drummer <a href="/wiki/Billy_Cobham" title="Billy Cobham">Billy Cobham</a>, violinist <a href="/wiki/Jerry_Goodman" title="Jerry Goodman">Jerry Goodman</a>, bassist <a href="/wiki/Rick_Laird" title="Rick Laird">Rick Laird</a>, and keyboardist <a href="/wiki/Jan_Hammer" title="Jan Hammer">Jan Hammer</a>. The band released its first album, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Inner_Mounting_Flame" title="The Inner Mounting Flame">The Inner Mounting Flame</a></i>, in 1971. Hammer pioneered the use of the <a href="/wiki/Minimoog" title="Minimoog">Minimoog</a> synthesizer with distortion effects. His use of the pitch bend wheel made a keyboard sound like an electric guitar. The Mahavishnu Orchestra was influenced by both psychedelic rock and <a href="/wiki/Indian_classical_music" title="Indian classical music">Indian classical music</a>. The band's first lineup broke up after two studio albums and one live album, but McLaughlin formed another group in 1974 under the same name with jazz violinist <a href="/wiki/Jean-Luc_Ponty" title="Jean-Luc Ponty">Jean-Luc Ponty</a>, one of the first electric violinists. </p><p>After leaving the Mahavishnu Orchestra in 1975 Jean-Luc Ponty signed with <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Records" title="Atlantic Records">Atlantic</a> and released number of successful jazz fusion solo albums that entered top 5 of the <a href="/wiki/Top_Jazz_Albums" class="mw-redirect" title="Top Jazz Albums"><i>Billboard</i> jazz charts</a> in mid '70s — '80s. </p><p>During the late 1970s, <a href="/wiki/Lee_Ritenour" title="Lee Ritenour">Lee Ritenour</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stuff_(band)" title="Stuff (band)">Stuff</a>, George Benson, <a href="/wiki/Spyro_Gyra" title="Spyro Gyra">Spyro Gyra</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Crusaders_(jazz_fusion_group)" title="The Crusaders (jazz fusion group)">the Crusaders</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Larry_Carlton" title="Larry Carlton">Larry Carlton</a><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> released fusion albums. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Jazz_rock">Jazz rock</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jazz_fusion&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Jazz rock"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above">Jazz-rock</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Stylistic origins</th><td class="infobox-data hlist"> <ul><li>Jazz</li> <li>rock</li> <li>jazz fusion</li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Typical instruments</th><td class="infobox-data hlist"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Electric guitar</li><li>piano</li><li><a href="/wiki/Electric_piano" title="Electric piano">electric piano</a></li><li>drums</li><li>saxophone</li><li>trumpet</li><li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_keyboard" title="Electronic keyboard">electronic keyboard</a></li><li>bass guitar</li><li>vocals</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Derivative forms</th><td class="infobox-data hlist"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jam_band" title="Jam band">Jam band</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Punk_jazz" title="Punk jazz">punk jazz</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Jazz_metal" class="mw-redirect" title="Jazz metal">jazz metal</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_rock" title="Progressive rock">progressive rock</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Krautrock" title="Krautrock">krautrock</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Yacht_rock" title="Yacht rock">yacht rock</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The term "<b>jazz-rock</b>" (or "jazz/rock") is sometimes used as a synonym for "jazz fusion". <a href="/wiki/The_Free_Spirits" title="The Free Spirits">The Free Spirits</a> have sometimes been cited as the earliest jazz rock band.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Rock bands such as <a href="/wiki/Colosseum_(band)" title="Colosseum (band)">Colosseum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chicago_(band)" title="Chicago (band)">Chicago</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Ides_of_March_(band)" title="The Ides of March (band)">The Ides of March</a>, <a href="/wiki/Blood_Sweat_%26_Tears" class="mw-redirect" title="Blood Sweat & Tears">Blood, Sweat & Tears</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chase_(band)" title="Chase (band)">Chase</a>, <a href="/wiki/Santana_(band)" title="Santana (band)">Santana</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Soft_Machine" title="Soft Machine">Soft Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nucleus_(band)" title="Nucleus (band)">Nucleus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brand_X" title="Brand X">Brand X</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Mothers_of_Invention" title="The Mothers of Invention">the Mothers of Invention</a> and <a href="/wiki/If_(band)" title="If (band)">IF</a> blended jazz and rock with electric instruments.<sup id="cite_ref-tesser_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tesser-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Davis' fusion jazz was "pure melody and tonal color",<sup id="cite_ref-tesser_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tesser-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while Frank Zappa's music was more "complex" and "unpredictable".<sup id="cite_ref-AMGJ2_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AMGJ2-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Zappa released the solo album <i><a href="/wiki/Hot_Rats" title="Hot Rats">Hot Rats</a></i> in 1969.<sup id="cite_ref-Huey_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Huey-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The album contained long instrumental pieces with a jazz influence.<sup id="cite_ref-mileshotrats_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mileshotrats-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-hotrats_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hotrats-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Zappa released two albums, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Grand_Wazoo" title="The Grand Wazoo">The Grand Wazoo</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Waka/Jawaka" title="Waka/Jawaka">Waka/Jawaka</a></i>, in 1972 which were influenced by jazz. <a href="/wiki/George_Duke" title="George Duke">George Duke</a> and <a href="/wiki/Aynsley_Dunbar" title="Aynsley Dunbar">Aynsley Dunbar</a> played on both. 1970s band <a href="/wiki/Steely_Dan" title="Steely Dan">Steely Dan</a> has been lauded by music critic <a href="/wiki/Neil_McCormick" title="Neil McCormick">Neil McCormick</a> for their "smooth, smart jazz-rock fusion".<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The jazz artists of the 1960s and 1970s had a large impact on many rock groups of that era such as <a href="/wiki/Santana_(band)" title="Santana (band)">Santana</a> and Frank Zappa. They took jazz phrasing and harmony and incorporated it into modern rock music, significantly changing music history and paving the way for artists that would follow in their footsteps. Carlos Santana in particular has given much credit to Miles Davis and the influence he had on his music. While Miles Davis combined jazz with modal and rock influences, <a href="/wiki/Carlos_Santana" title="Carlos Santana">Carlos Santana</a> combined these along with Latin rhythms and feel, shaping a whole new genre, <a href="/wiki/Latin_rock" title="Latin rock">Latin rock</a>. Other rock artists such as <a href="/wiki/Gary_Moore" title="Gary Moore">Gary Moore</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Grateful_Dead" class="mw-redirect" title="The Grateful Dead">The Grateful Dead</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Doors" title="The Doors">The Doors</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jimi_Hendrix" title="Jimi Hendrix">Jimi Hendrix</a>, and <a href="/wiki/The_Allman_Brothers_Band" title="The Allman Brothers Band">The Allman Brothers Band</a> have taken influences from blues, jazz, <a href="/wiki/Blues_rock" title="Blues rock">blues rock</a>, jazz rock and incorporated it into their own music. </p><p>According to AllMusic, the term jazz rock "may refer to the loudest, wildest, most electrified fusion bands from the jazz camp, but most often it describes performers coming from the rock side of the equation...jazz rock first emerged during the late '60s as an attempt to fuse the visceral power of rock with the musical complexity and improvisational fireworks of jazz. Since rock often emphasized directness and simplicity over virtuosity, jazz rock generally grew out of the most artistically ambitious rock subgenres of the late '60s and early '70s: <a href="/wiki/Psychedelic_music" title="Psychedelic music">psychedelia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Progressive_rock" title="Progressive rock">progressive rock</a>, and the singer-songwriter movement."<sup id="cite_ref-JR_Overview_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JR_Overview-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to jazz writer Stuart Nicholson, jazz rock paralleled <a href="/wiki/Free_jazz" title="Free jazz">free jazz</a> by being "on the verge of creating a whole new musical language in the 1960s". He said the albums <i><a href="/wiki/Emergency!_(album)" title="Emergency! (album)">Emergency!</a></i> (1969) by the <a href="/wiki/Tony_Williams_Lifetime" class="mw-redirect" title="Tony Williams Lifetime">Tony Williams Lifetime</a> and <i><a href="/wiki/Agharta_(album)" title="Agharta (album)">Agharta</a></i> (1975) by Miles Davis "suggested the potential of evolving into something that might eventually define itself as a wholly independent genre quite apart from the sound and conventions of anything that had gone before". This development was stifled by commercialism, Nicholson said, as the genre "mutated into a peculiar species of jazz-inflected pop music that eventually took up residence on FM radio" at the end of the 1970s.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the 1970s, American fusion was being combined in the U.K. with progressive rock and psychedelic music. Bands who were part of this movement included Brand X (with <a href="/wiki/Phil_Collins" title="Phil Collins">Phil Collins</a> of Genesis), Bruford (<a href="/wiki/Bill_Bruford" title="Bill Bruford">Bill Bruford</a> of Yes), Nucleus (led by <a href="/wiki/Ian_Carr" title="Ian Carr">Ian Carr</a>), and Soft Machine. Throughout Europe and the world this movement grew due to bands like <a href="/wiki/Magma_(band)" title="Magma (band)">Magma</a> in France, <a href="/wiki/Passport_(band)" title="Passport (band)">Passport</a> in Germany, <a href="/wiki/Time_(Yugoslav_band)" title="Time (Yugoslav band)">Time</a>, <a href="/wiki/Leb_i_Sol" class="mw-redirect" title="Leb i Sol">Leb i Sol</a> and <a href="/wiki/September_(band)" title="September (band)">September</a> in Yugoslavia, and guitarists <a href="/wiki/Jan_Akkerman" title="Jan Akkerman">Jan Akkerman</a> (The Netherlands), <a href="/wiki/Volker_Kriegel" title="Volker Kriegel">Volker Kriegel</a> (Germany), <a href="/wiki/Terje_Rypdal" title="Terje Rypdal">Terje Rypdal</a> (Norway), <a href="/wiki/Jukka_Tolonen" title="Jukka Tolonen">Jukka Tolonen</a> (Finland), <a href="/wiki/Ryo_Kawasaki" title="Ryo Kawasaki">Ryo Kawasaki</a> (Japan), and <a href="/wiki/Kazumi_Watanabe" title="Kazumi Watanabe">Kazumi Watanabe</a> (Japan).<sup id="cite_ref-OxMilkowski_8-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OxMilkowski-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Jazz_metal">Jazz metal</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jazz_fusion&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Jazz metal"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above">Jazz metal</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Stylistic origins</th><td class="infobox-data hlist"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Heavy_metal_music" title="Heavy metal music">Heavy metal</a></li><li>jazz fusion</li><li><a href="/wiki/Free_jazz" title="Free jazz">free jazz</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Typical instruments</th><td class="infobox-data hlist"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Electric guitar</li><li>piano</li><li><a href="/wiki/Electric_piano" title="Electric piano">electric piano</a></li><li>drums</li><li>saxophone</li><li>trumpet</li><li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_keyboard" title="Electronic keyboard">electronic keyboard</a></li><li>bass guitar</li><li>vocals</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Other topics</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data hlist"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mathcore" title="Mathcore">Mathcore</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_metal" title="Progressive metal">progressive metal</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Punk_jazz" title="Punk jazz">punk jazz</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Punk_jazz#Jazzcore" title="Punk jazz">jazzcore</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Jazz metal</b> is the fusion of jazz fusion and jazz rock with <a href="/wiki/Heavy_metal_music" title="Heavy metal music">heavy metal</a>. <a href="/wiki/Animals_as_Leaders" title="Animals as Leaders">Animals as Leaders</a>' albums <i><a href="/wiki/The_Joy_of_Motion" title="The Joy of Motion">The Joy of Motion</a></i> (2014) and <i><a href="/wiki/The_Madness_of_Many" title="The Madness of Many">The Madness of Many</a></i> (2016) have been described as progressive metal combined with jazz fusion.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Panzerballett" title="Panzerballett">Panzerballett</a> blends jazz with heavy metal.<sup id="cite_ref-panzerballett_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-panzerballett-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Triumphant" title="Imperial Triumphant">Imperial Triumphant</a> combines jazz with <a href="/wiki/Death_metal" title="Death metal">death metal</a> and <a href="/wiki/Black_metal" title="Black metal">black metal</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Jazz_pop">Jazz pop</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jazz_fusion&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Jazz pop"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above">Jazz-pop</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Stylistic origins</th><td class="infobox-data hlist"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vocal_jazz" title="Vocal jazz">Vocal jazz</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Pop_music" title="Pop music">pop</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Soft_rock" title="Soft rock">soft rock</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Sophisti-pop" title="Sophisti-pop">Sophisti-pop</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Rhythm_and_blues" title="Rhythm and blues">Rhythm and blues</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Adult_contemporary" class="mw-redirect" title="Adult contemporary">adult contemporary</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Soul_music" title="Soul music">soul</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Bossa_nova" title="Bossa nova">bossa nova</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Latin_jazz" title="Latin jazz">latin jazz</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Easy_listening" title="Easy listening">easy listening</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Lounge_music" title="Lounge music">lounge music</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Cultural origins</th><td class="infobox-data hlist">1960s, United States</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Derivative forms</th><td class="infobox-data hlist"><a href="/wiki/Smooth_jazz" title="Smooth jazz">Smooth jazz</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Jazz pop</b> (or pop-jazz, also called <b>jazzy pop</b>) is pop music with jazz instruments, soft production, commercially viable, and radio-friendly.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In jazz pop, the music has less improvisation, but retains the melody and swing of jazz.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Robert Palmer from <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i> cited that jazz pop should be distinguished from <a href="/wiki/Jazz_rock" class="mw-redirect" title="Jazz rock">jazz rock</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Examples of jazz-pop musicians are <a href="/wiki/Kenny_G" title="Kenny G">Kenny G</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bob_James_(musician)" title="Bob James (musician)">Bob James</a>, and <a href="/wiki/George_Benson" title="George Benson">George Benson</a>. <a href="/wiki/Frank_Sinatra" title="Frank Sinatra">Frank Sinatra</a> has been referred to as a vocalist whose style blended jazz influences with <a href="/wiki/Traditional_pop" title="Traditional pop">traditional pop</a> and <a href="/wiki/Crooner" title="Crooner">crooning</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A more recent example of a vocalist described as jazz-pop is <a href="/wiki/Laufey_(singer)" title="Laufey (singer)">Laufey</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-nprtradpop_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nprtradpop-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-nytpop_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nytpop-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Smooth_jazz">Smooth jazz</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jazz_fusion&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Smooth jazz"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Smooth_jazz" title="Smooth jazz">Smooth jazz</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Spyro_Gyra_-_jazz_band.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Spyro_Gyra_-_jazz_band.JPG/250px-Spyro_Gyra_-_jazz_band.JPG" decoding="async" width="250" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Spyro_Gyra_-_jazz_band.JPG/375px-Spyro_Gyra_-_jazz_band.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Spyro_Gyra_-_jazz_band.JPG/500px-Spyro_Gyra_-_jazz_band.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Spyro_Gyra" title="Spyro Gyra">Spyro Gyra</a> combines jazz with R&B, funk and pop.</figcaption></figure> <p>By the early 1980s, much of the original fusion genre was subsumed into other branches of jazz and rock, especially <a href="/wiki/Smooth_jazz" title="Smooth jazz">smooth jazz</a>, a radio-friendly subgenre of fusion which is influenced by R&B, funk, and pop music.<sup id="cite_ref-WhatIsSmoothJazz_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WhatIsSmoothJazz-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Smooth jazz can be traced to at least the late 1960s, when producer <a href="/wiki/Creed_Taylor" title="Creed Taylor">Creed Taylor</a> worked with guitarist <a href="/wiki/Wes_Montgomery" title="Wes Montgomery">Wes Montgomery</a> on three popular music-oriented albums. Taylor founded <a href="/wiki/CTI_Records" title="CTI Records">CTI Records</a> and many established jazz performers recorded for CTI, including <a href="/wiki/Freddie_Hubbard" title="Freddie Hubbard">Freddie Hubbard</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chet_Baker" title="Chet Baker">Chet Baker</a>, George Benson, and <a href="/wiki/Stanley_Turrentine" title="Stanley Turrentine">Stanley Turrentine</a>. Albums under Taylor's guidance were aimed at both pop and jazz fans.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The merging of jazz and pop/rock music took a more commercial direction in the late 1970s and early 1980s, in the form of compositions with a softer sound palette that could fit comfortably in a <a href="/wiki/Soft_rock" title="Soft rock">soft rock</a> radio playlist. The AllMusic guide's article on fusion states that "unfortunately, as it became a money-maker and as rock declined artistically from the mid-'70s on, much of what was labeled fusion was actually a combination of jazz with easy-listening pop music and lightweight R&B."<sup id="cite_ref-Fusion_overview_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fusion_overview-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Michael_Brecker" title="Michael Brecker">Michael</a> and <a href="/wiki/Randy_Brecker" title="Randy Brecker">Randy Brecker</a> produced funk-influenced jazz with soloists.<sup id="cite_ref-Lawn_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lawn-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> David Sanborn was considered a "soulful" and "influential" voice.<sup id="cite_ref-Lawn_41-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lawn-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, Kenny G was criticized by both fusion and jazz fans, and some musicians, while having become a huge commercial success. Music reviewer George Graham argues that the "so-called 'smooth jazz' sound of people like Kenny G has none of the fire and creativity that marked the best of the fusion scene during its heyday in the 1970s."<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_styles">Other styles</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jazz_fusion&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Other styles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Punk_jazz">Punk jazz</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jazz_fusion&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Punk jazz"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Punk_jazz" title="Punk jazz">Punk jazz</a></div> <p>In the 1990s, another kind of fusion took a more hardcore approach. <a href="/wiki/Bill_Laswell" title="Bill Laswell">Bill Laswell</a> produced many albums in this movement, such as <i>Ask the Ages</i> by avant-garde guitarist Sonny Sharrock and <i><a href="/wiki/Arc_of_the_Testimony" title="Arc of the Testimony">Arc of the Testimony</a></i> with Laswell's band <a href="/wiki/Arcana_(American_band)" title="Arcana (American band)">Arcana</a>. <a href="/wiki/Niacin_(band)" class="mw-redirect" title="Niacin (band)">Niacin (band)</a> was formed by rock bassist Billy Sheehan, drummer Dennis Chambers, and organist John Novello.<sup id="cite_ref-OxMilkowski_8-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OxMilkowski-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In London, <a href="/wiki/The_Pop_Group" title="The Pop Group">The Pop Group</a> began to mix free jazz and reggae into their form of punk rock.<sup id="cite_ref-Lang_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lang-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In New York City, <a href="/wiki/No_wave" title="No wave">no wave</a> was inspired by free jazz and punk. Examples of this style include <a href="/wiki/Lydia_Lunch" title="Lydia Lunch">Lydia Lunch</a>'s <i>Queen of Siam</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-Bangs_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bangs-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/James_Chance_and_the_Contortions" title="James Chance and the Contortions">James Chance and the Contortions</a>, who mixed soul music with free jazz and punk rock, and the <a href="/wiki/Lounge_Lizards" class="mw-redirect" title="Lounge Lizards">Lounge Lizards</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Bangs_44-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bangs-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the first group to call themselves <a href="/wiki/Punk_jazz" title="Punk jazz">punk jazz</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Bangs_44-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bangs-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/John_Zorn" title="John Zorn">John Zorn</a> took note of the emphasis on speed and dissonance that was becoming prevalent in punk rock and incorporated them into free jazz with the release of the <i><a href="/wiki/Spy_vs_Spy_(album)" title="Spy vs Spy (album)">Spy vs Spy</a></i> album in 1986. The album was a collection of <a href="/wiki/Ornette_Coleman" title="Ornette Coleman">Ornette Coleman</a> tunes played in the <a href="/wiki/Thrashcore" title="Thrashcore">thrashcore</a> style.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the same year, <a href="/wiki/Sonny_Sharrock" title="Sonny Sharrock">Sonny Sharrock</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peter_Br%C3%B6tzmann" title="Peter Brötzmann">Peter Brötzmann</a>, Bill Laswell, and <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Shannon_Jackson" title="Ronald Shannon Jackson">Ronald Shannon Jackson</a> recorded the first album under the name <a href="/wiki/Last_Exit_(free_jazz_band)" title="Last Exit (free jazz band)">Last Exit</a>, a blend of thrash and free jazz.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Jazz-funk">Jazz-funk</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jazz_fusion&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Jazz-funk"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Jazz-funk" title="Jazz-funk">Jazz-funk</a></div> <p>Jazz-funk is characterized by a strong <a href="/wiki/Beat_(music)" title="Beat (music)">back beat</a> (<a href="/wiki/Groove_(music)" title="Groove (music)">groove</a>), electrified sounds,<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and an early prevalence of <a href="/wiki/Analog_synthesizers" class="mw-redirect" title="Analog synthesizers">analog synthesizers</a>. The integration of <a href="/wiki/Funk" title="Funk">funk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Soul_music" title="Soul music">soul</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Rhythm_and_blues" title="Rhythm and blues">R&B</a> music and styles into jazz resulted in the creation of a genre whose spectrum is quite wide and ranges from strong <a href="/wiki/Musical_improvisation#Jazz_improvisation" title="Musical improvisation">jazz improvisation</a> to soul, funk or <a href="/wiki/Disco" title="Disco">disco</a> with jazz arrangements, jazz <a href="/wiki/Riff" title="Riff">riffs</a>, jazz solos, and sometimes soul vocals.<sup id="cite_ref-allmusic_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-allmusic-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Jazz-funk is primarily an American genre, where it was popular throughout the 1970s and the early 1980s, but it also achieved noted appeal on the club-circuit in England during the mid-1970s. Jazz-funk retains a stronger feel of groove and R&B versus some of the jazz fusion production, and is more arranged and features more improvisation than <a href="/wiki/Soul_jazz" title="Soul jazz">soul jazz</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="M-Base">M-Base</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jazz_fusion&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: M-Base"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/M-Base" title="M-Base">M-Base</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Steve_Coleman_1611.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Steve_Coleman_1611.JPG/220px-Steve_Coleman_1611.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Steve_Coleman_1611.JPG/330px-Steve_Coleman_1611.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Steve_Coleman_1611.JPG/440px-Steve_Coleman_1611.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>Steve Coleman in Paris, July 2004</figcaption></figure> <p>M-Base ("macro-basic array of structured extemporization") centers on a movement started in the 1980s. It started as a group of young African-American musicians in New York which included <a href="/wiki/Steve_Coleman" title="Steve Coleman">Steve Coleman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Greg_Osby" title="Greg Osby">Greg Osby</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Gary_Thomas_(musician)" title="Gary Thomas (musician)">Gary Thomas</a> developing a complex but grooving sound.<sup id="cite_ref-Jost_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jost-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the 1990s most M-Base participants turned to more conventional music, but Coleman, the most active participant, continued developing his music in accordance with the M-Base concept.<sup id="cite_ref-Blumenfeld_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Blumenfeld-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Undead_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Undead-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> M-Base changed from a loose collective to an informal "school".<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Afro-Cuban_jazz">Afro-Cuban jazz</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jazz_fusion&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Afro-Cuban jazz"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Afro-Cuban_jazz" title="Afro-Cuban jazz">Afro-Cuban jazz</a></div> <p>Afro-Cuban jazz, one of the earliest forms of <a href="/wiki/Latin_jazz" title="Latin jazz">Latin jazz</a>, is a fusion of Afro-Cuban clave-based rhythms with jazz harmonies and techniques of improvisation. Afro-Cuban jazz emerged in the early 1940s with the Cuban musicians <a href="/wiki/Mario_Bauza" class="mw-redirect" title="Mario Bauza">Mario Bauza</a> and <a href="/wiki/Machito" title="Machito">Frank Grillo "Machito"</a> in the band Machito and his Afro-Cubans in New York City. In 1947 the collaborations of bebop innovator Dizzy Gillespie with Cuban percussionist <a href="/wiki/Chano_Pozo" title="Chano Pozo">Chano Pozo</a> brought Afro-Cuban rhythms and instruments, most notably the congas and the bongos, into the East Coast jazz scene. Early combinations of jazz with Cuban music, such as Gillespie's and Pozo's "Manteca" and Charlie Parker's and Machito's "Mangó Mangüé", were commonly referred to as "Cubop", short for Cuban bebop.<sup id="cite_ref-Fernandez2006_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fernandez2006-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During its first decades, the Afro-Cuban jazz movement was stronger in the United States than in Cuba.<sup id="cite_ref-Acosta_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Acosta-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Influence_on_rock_music">Influence on rock music</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jazz_fusion&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Influence on rock music"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Progressive_rock" title="Progressive rock">Progressive rock</a>, <a href="/wiki/Art_rock" title="Art rock">art rock</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Progressive_metal" title="Progressive metal">progressive metal</a></div> <p>According to bassist <a href="/wiki/Randy_Jackson" title="Randy Jackson">Randy Jackson</a>, jazz fusion is a difficult genre to play. "I ... picked jazz fusion because I was trying to become the ultimate technical musician—able to play anything. Jazz fusion to me is the hardest music to play. You have to be so proficient on your instrument. Playing five tempos at the same time, for instance. I wanted to try the toughest music because I knew if I could do that, I could do anything."<sup id="cite_ref-JacksonBaker2004_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JacksonBaker2004-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Progressive_rock" title="Progressive rock">Progressive rock</a>, with its affinity for long solos, diverse influences, non-standard time signatures, and complex music had very similar musical values as jazz fusion. Some prominent examples of progressive rock mixed with elements of fusion is the music of <a href="/wiki/Gong_(band)" title="Gong (band)">Gong</a>, <a href="/wiki/King_Crimson" title="King Crimson">King Crimson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ozric_Tentacles" title="Ozric Tentacles">Ozric Tentacles</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Emerson,_Lake_%26_Palmer" title="Emerson, Lake & Palmer">Emerson, Lake & Palmer</a>. </p><p>Jazz rock fusion's technically challenging guitar solos, bass solos, and odd-metered, syncopated drumming started to be incorporated in the technically focused <a href="/wiki/Progressive_metal" title="Progressive metal">progressive metal</a> genre by the late 1980s. <a href="/wiki/Watchtower_(band)" title="Watchtower (band)">Watchtower</a>'s 1989 album <i><a href="/wiki/Control_and_Resistance" title="Control and Resistance">Control and Resistance</a></i> is one of the earliest progressive/<a href="/wiki/Thrash_metal" title="Thrash metal">thrash metal</a> albums to experiment with a jazz fusion-influenced sound.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Death_metal" title="Death metal">death metal</a> band <a href="/wiki/Atheist_(band)" title="Atheist (band)">Atheist</a> produced albums <i><a href="/wiki/Unquestionable_Presence" title="Unquestionable Presence">Unquestionable Presence</a></i> in 1991 and <i><a href="/wiki/Elements_(Atheist_album)" title="Elements (Atheist album)">Elements</a></i> in 1993 containing heavily syncopated drumming, changing time signatures, instrumental parts, acoustic interludes, and Latin rhythms. <a href="/wiki/Meshuggah" title="Meshuggah">Meshuggah</a> first attracted international attention with the 1995 release <i><a href="/wiki/Destroy_Erase_Improve" title="Destroy Erase Improve">Destroy Erase Improve</a></i> for its fusion of fast-tempo death metal, thrash metal, and progressive metal with jazz fusion elements. <a href="/wiki/Cynic_(band)" title="Cynic (band)">Cynic</a> recorded a complex, unorthodox form of jazz fusion influenced experimental death metal with their 1993 album <i><a href="/wiki/Focus_(Cynic_album)" title="Focus (Cynic album)">Focus</a></i>. In 1997, Guitar Institute of Technology guitarist <a href="/wiki/Jennifer_Batten" title="Jennifer Batten">Jennifer Batten</a> under the name of <a href="/wiki/Jennifer_Batten%27s_Tribal_Rage:_Momentum" title="Jennifer Batten's Tribal Rage: Momentum">Jennifer Batten's Tribal Rage: Momentum</a> released <i>Momentum</i>—an instrumental hybrid of rock, fusion, and exotic sounds. <a href="/wiki/Mudvayne" title="Mudvayne">Mudvayne</a> is heavily influenced by jazz, especially in bassist <a href="/wiki/Ryan_Martinie" title="Ryan Martinie">Ryan Martinie</a>'s playing.<sup id="cite_ref-Ratliff_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ratliff-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Rvr_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rvr-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Puya_(band)" title="Puya (band)">Puya</a> frequently incorporates influences from American and <a href="/wiki/Latin_jazz" title="Latin jazz">Latin jazz</a> music.<sup id="cite_ref-Mateus_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mateus-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Another, more cerebral, all-instrumental progressive jazz fusion-metal band <a href="/wiki/Planet_X_(band)" title="Planet X (band)">Planet X</a> released <i><a href="/wiki/Universe_(Planet_X_album)" title="Universe (Planet X album)">Universe</a></i> in 2000 with <a href="/wiki/Tony_MacAlpine" title="Tony MacAlpine">Tony MacAlpine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Derek_Sherinian" title="Derek Sherinian">Derek Sherinian</a> (ex-<a href="/wiki/Dream_Theater" title="Dream Theater">Dream Theater</a>), and <a href="/wiki/Virgil_Donati" title="Virgil Donati">Virgil Donati</a> (who has played with <a href="/wiki/Scott_Henderson" title="Scott Henderson">Scott Henderson</a> from <a href="/wiki/Tribal_Tech" title="Tribal Tech">Tribal Tech</a>). The band blends fusion-style guitar solos and syncopated odd-metered drumming with the heaviness of metal. Tech-prog-fusion metal band <a href="/wiki/Aghora_(band)" title="Aghora (band)">Aghora</a> formed in 1995 and released their first album, self-titled <i><a href="/wiki/Aghora_(album)" title="Aghora (album)">Aghora</a></i>, recorded in 1999 with <a href="/wiki/Sean_Malone" title="Sean Malone">Sean Malone</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sean_Reinert" title="Sean Reinert">Sean Reinert</a>, both former members of Cynic. <a href="/wiki/Gordian_Knot_(band)" title="Gordian Knot (band)">Gordian Knot</a>, another Cynic-linked experimental progressive metal band, released its debut album in 1999 which explored a range of styles from jazz fusion to metal. <a href="/wiki/The_Mars_Volta" title="The Mars Volta">The Mars Volta</a> is extremely influenced by jazz fusion, using progressive, unexpected turns in the drum patterns and instrumental lines. The style of Uzbek prog band <a href="/wiki/Fromuz" title="Fromuz">Fromuz</a> is described as "prog fusion". In lengthy instrumental <a href="/wiki/Jam_session" title="Jam session">jams</a> the band transitions from fusion of rock and <a href="/wiki/Ambient_music" title="Ambient music">ambient</a> <a href="/wiki/World_music" title="World music">world music</a> to jazz and progressive hard rock tones.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jazz_fusion&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Saxo_Boca1.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Saxo_Boca1.JPG/27px-Saxo_Boca1.JPG" decoding="async" width="27" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Saxo_Boca1.JPG/40px-Saxo_Boca1.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Saxo_Boca1.JPG/53px-Saxo_Boca1.JPG 2x" data-file-width="219" data-file-height="230" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Jazz" title="Portal:Jazz">Jazz portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_jazz_fusion_musicians" title="List of jazz fusion musicians">List of jazz fusion musicians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Jazz_fusion_ensembles" title="Category:Jazz fusion ensembles">Jazz fusion ensembles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_soul" title="Progressive soul">Progressive soul</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jazz_fusion&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Henry Martin, Keith Waters (2008). Essential Jazz: The First 100 Years, p.178-79. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-495-50525-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-495-50525-9">978-0-495-50525-9</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWagner2010" class="citation book cs1">Wagner, Jeff (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=8ZwZcZ2X5ToC&pg=PA242"><i>Mean Deviation: Four Decades of Progressive Heavy Metal</i></a>. Bazillion Points Books. p. 242. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9796163-3-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-9796163-3-4"><bdi>978-0-9796163-3-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mean+Deviation%3A+Four+Decades+of+Progressive+Heavy+Metal&rft.pages=242&rft.pub=Bazillion+Points+Books&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-9796163-3-4&rft.aulast=Wagner&rft.aufirst=Jeff&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D8ZwZcZ2X5ToC%26pg%3DPA242&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJazz+fusion" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://entertainment.expertscolumn.com/100-greatest-technical-death-metal-bands-and-technical-thrash-metal-bands">"100 Greatest Technical Death Metal Bands And Technical Thrash Metal Bands"</a>. May 8, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 19,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=100+Greatest+Technical+Death+Metal+Bands+And+Technical+Thrash+Metal+Bands&rft.date=2015-05-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fentertainment.expertscolumn.com%2F100-greatest-technical-death-metal-bands-and-technical-thrash-metal-bands&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJazz+fusion" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGarry2005" class="citation book cs1">Garry, Jane (2005). "Jazz". In Haynes, Gerald D. (ed.). <i>Encyclopedia of African American Society</i>. <a href="/wiki/SAGE_Publications" class="mw-redirect" title="SAGE Publications">SAGE Publications</a>. p. 465.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Jazz&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+African+American+Society&rft.pages=465&rft.pub=SAGE+Publications&rft.date=2005&rft.aulast=Garry&rft.aufirst=Jane&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJazz+fusion" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.allmusic.com/style/smooth-jazz-ma0000002860">"Jazz » Fusion » Smooth Jazz"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/AllMusic" title="AllMusic">AllMusic</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 12,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AllMusic&rft.atitle=Jazz+%C2%BB+Fusion+%C2%BB+Smooth+Jazz&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.allmusic.com%2Fstyle%2Fsmooth-jazz-ma0000002860&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJazz+fusion" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fusions-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Fusions_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fusions_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fusions_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fusions_6-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fusions_6-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNicholson2002" class="citation book cs1">Nicholson, Stuart (2002). "Fusions and Crossovers". In Cooke, Mervyn; Horn, David (eds.). <i>The Cambridge Companion to Jazz</i>. Cambridge University Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">221–</span>222. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-66388-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-66388-5"><bdi>978-0-521-66388-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Fusions+and+Crossovers&rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+Companion+to+Jazz&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E221-%3C%2Fspan%3E222&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-521-66388-5&rft.aulast=Nicholson&rft.aufirst=Stuart&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJazz+fusion" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fusion_overview-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Fusion_overview_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fusion_overview_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.allmusic.com/style/fusion-ma0000002607">"Fusion Music Genre Overview"</a>. <i>AllMusic</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 23,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AllMusic&rft.atitle=Fusion+Music+Genre+Overview&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.allmusic.com%2Fstyle%2Ffusion-ma0000002607&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJazz+fusion" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-OxMilkowski-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-OxMilkowski_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-OxMilkowski_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-OxMilkowski_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-OxMilkowski_8-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-OxMilkowski_8-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-OxMilkowski_8-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-OxMilkowski_8-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-OxMilkowski_8-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-OxMilkowski_8-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMilkowski2000" class="citation book cs1">Milkowski, Bill (2000). "Fusion". In Kirchner, Bill (ed.). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/oxfordcompaniont00kirc"><i>The Oxford Companion to Jazz</i></a></span>. Oxford University Press. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/oxfordcompaniont00kirc/page/504">504</a>–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-518359-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-518359-7"><bdi>978-0-19-518359-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Fusion&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Companion+to+Jazz&rft.pages=504-&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-19-518359-7&rft.aulast=Milkowski&rft.aufirst=Bill&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Foxfordcompaniont00kirc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJazz+fusion" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jazzitude.com/essential_fusion.htm">Jazzitude | History of Jazz Part 8: Fusion</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150114032732/http://www.jazzitude.com/essential_fusion.htm">Archived</a> January 14, 2015, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gioia_history-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Gioia_history_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gioia_history_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gioia_history_10-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gioia_history_10-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGioia2011" class="citation book cs1">Gioia, Ted (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historyofjazz00gioia/page/326"><i>The History of Jazz</i></a> (2 ed.). New York: Oxford University Press. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historyofjazz00gioia/page/326">326–</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-539970-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-539970-7"><bdi>978-0-19-539970-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+History+of+Jazz&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=326-&rft.edition=2&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-19-539970-7&rft.aulast=Gioia&rft.aufirst=Ted&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhistoryofjazz00gioia%2Fpage%2F326&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJazz+fusion" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-considine-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-considine_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFConsidine1997" class="citation news cs1">Considine, J.D. (August 27, 1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.baltimoresun.com/1997/08/27/miles-davis-plugged-in-review-the-jazz-legends-electric-albums-sparked-controversy/">"Miles Davis, plugged in Review: The jazz legend's electric albums sparked controversy"</a>. <i>Baltimore Sun</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 10,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Baltimore+Sun&rft.atitle=Miles+Davis%2C+plugged+in+Review%3A+The+jazz+legend%27s+electric+albums+sparked+controversy.&rft.date=1997-08-27&rft.aulast=Considine&rft.aufirst=J.D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.baltimoresun.com%2F1997%2F08%2F27%2Fmiles-davis-plugged-in-review-the-jazz-legends-electric-albums-sparked-controversy%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJazz+fusion" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Briley-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Briley_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBriley2013" class="citation journal cs1">Briley, Ron (May 2013). "Review of Birds of Fire: Jazz, Rock, Funk, and the Creation of Fusion". <i>The History Teacher</i>. <b>46</b> (3): <span class="nowrap">465–</span>466. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/43264136">43264136</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+History+Teacher&rft.atitle=Review+of+Birds+of+Fire%3A+Jazz%2C+Rock%2C+Funk%2C+and+the+Creation+of+Fusion&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E465-%3C%2Fspan%3E466&rft.date=2013-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F43264136%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Briley&rft.aufirst=Ron&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJazz+fusion" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Southall-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Southall_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Southall, Nick. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stylusmagazine.com/articles/on_second_thought/miles-davis-in-a-silent-way.htm">Review: <i>In a Silent Way</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150710222208/http://www.stylusmagazine.com/articles/on_second_thought/miles-davis-in-a-silent-way.htm">Archived</a> July 10, 2015, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Stylus_Magazine" title="Stylus Magazine">Stylus Magazine</a></i>. Retrieved on April 1, 2010.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-tribute-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-tribute_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJurek" class="citation web cs1">Jurek, Thom. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.allmusic.com/album/a-tribute-to-jack-johnson-mw0000311307">"A Tribute to Jack Johnson"</a>. <i>AllMusic</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 3,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Jazz+%26%23124%3B+Significant+Albums%2C+Artists+and+Songs&rft.pub=AllMusic&rft.date=2013-11-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.allmusic.com%2Fgenre%2Fjazz-ma0000002674&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJazz+fusion" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Jost-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Jost_49-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJost2003" class="citation book cs1">Jost, Ekkehard (2003). <i>Sozialgeschichte des Jazz</i>. p. 377. <q>circular and highly complex polymetric patterns which preserve their danceable character of popular funk-rhythms despite their internal complexity and asymmetries</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sozialgeschichte+des+Jazz&rft.pages=377&rft.date=2003&rft.aulast=Jost&rft.aufirst=Ekkehard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJazz+fusion" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Blumenfeld-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Blumenfeld_50-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBlumenfeld2010" class="citation web cs1">Blumenfeld, Larry (June 11, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052748703302604575294532527380178">"A Saxophonist's Reverberant Sound"</a>. <i>Wall Street Journal</i>. <q>Pianist Vijay Iyer, who was chosen as Jazz Musician of the year 2010 by the Jazz Journalists Association, said, 'It's hard to overstate Steve's influence. He's affected more than one generation, as much as anyone since John Coltrane.'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span></q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Wall+Street+Journal&rft.atitle=A+Saxophonist%27s+Reverberant+Sound&rft.date=2010-06-11&rft.aulast=Blumenfeld&rft.aufirst=Larry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wsj.com%2Farticles%2FSB10001424052748703302604575294532527380178&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJazz+fusion" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Undead-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Undead_51-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRatliff2010" class="citation news cs1">Ratliff, Ben (June 14, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2010/06/15/arts/music/15undead.html?_r=1">"Undead Jazzfest Roams the West Village"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 24,</span> 2018</span>. <q>His recombinant ideas about rhythm and form and his eagerness to mentor musicians and build a new vernacular have had a profound effect on American jazz.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Undead+Jazzfest+Roams+the+West+Village&rft.date=2010-06-14&rft.aulast=Ratliff&rft.aufirst=Ben&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2010%2F06%2F15%2Farts%2Fmusic%2F15undead.html%3F_r%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJazz+fusion" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWest2010" class="citation web cs1">West, Michael J. (June 2, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://jazztimes.com/articles/26044-steve-coleman-vital-information">"Jazz Articles: Steve Coleman: Vital Information"</a>. <i>Jazztimes.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 5,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Jazztimes.com&rft.atitle=Jazz+Articles%3A+Steve+Coleman%3A+Vital+Information&rft.date=2010-06-02&rft.aulast=West&rft.aufirst=Michael+J.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fjazztimes.com%2Farticles%2F26044-steve-coleman-vital-information&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJazz+fusion" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fernandez2006-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Fernandez2006_53-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFernandez2006" class="citation book cs1">Fernandez, Raul A. (May 23, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=6WO7YevK_18C&pg=PA62"><i>From Afro-Cuban Rhythms to Latin Jazz</i></a>. University of California Press. pp. 62–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-520-93944-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-520-93944-8"><bdi>978-0-520-93944-8</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 17,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=From+Afro-Cuban+Rhythms+to+Latin+Jazz&rft.pages=62-&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=2006-05-23&rft.isbn=978-0-520-93944-8&rft.aulast=Fernandez&rft.aufirst=Raul+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D6WO7YevK_18C%26pg%3DPA62&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJazz+fusion" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Acosta-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Acosta_54-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAcosta2003" class="citation book cs1">Acosta, Leonardo (2003). <i>Cubano be, Cubano bop</i>. Washington; London: Smithsonian Books. p. 59. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-58834-147-X" title="Special:BookSources/1-58834-147-X"><bdi>1-58834-147-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cubano+be%2C+Cubano+bop&rft.place=Washington%3B+London&rft.pages=59&rft.pub=Smithsonian+Books&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=1-58834-147-X&rft.aulast=Acosta&rft.aufirst=Leonardo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJazz+fusion" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-JacksonBaker2004-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-JacksonBaker2004_55-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJacksonBaker2004" class="citation book cs1">Jackson, Randy; Baker, K. C. (January 12, 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=K3v6gPypo14C&pg=PT72"><i>What's Up, Dawg?: How to Become a Superstar in the Music Business</i></a>. Hyperion Books. pp. 72–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4013-0774-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4013-0774-5"><bdi>978-1-4013-0774-5</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 24,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=What%27s+Up%2C+Dawg%3F%3A+How+to+Become+a+Superstar+in+the+Music+Business&rft.pages=72-&rft.pub=Hyperion+Books&rft.date=2004-01-12&rft.isbn=978-1-4013-0774-5&rft.aulast=Jackson&rft.aufirst=Randy&rft.au=Baker%2C+K.+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DK3v6gPypo14C%26pg%3DPT72&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJazz+fusion" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSharpe-Young2007" class="citation book cs1">Sharpe-Young, Garry (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/books/edition/Metal/KNrV3iQ_qrIC?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=%22control+and+resistance%22+%22jazz+fusion%22+%22watchtower%22&pg=PA495&printsec=frontcover"><i>Metal: The Definitive Guide : Heavy, NWOBH, Progressive, Thrash, Death, Black, Gothic, Doom, Nu</i></a>. Jawbone Press. p. 495. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-906002-01-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-906002-01-5"><bdi>978-1-906002-01-5</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OL_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OL (identifier)">OL</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openlibrary.org/books/OL8776949M">8776949M</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Metal%3A+The+Definitive+Guide+%3A+Heavy%2C+NWOBH%2C+Progressive%2C+Thrash%2C+Death%2C+Black%2C+Gothic%2C+Doom%2C+Nu&rft.pages=495&rft.pub=Jawbone+Press&rft.date=2007&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fopenlibrary.org%2Fbooks%2FOL8776949M%23id-name%3DOL&rft.isbn=978-1-906002-01-5&rft.aulast=Sharpe-Young&rft.aufirst=Garry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2Fbooks%2Fedition%2FMetal%2FKNrV3iQ_qrIC%3Fhl%3Den%26gbpv%3D1%26dq%3D%2522control%2Band%2Bresistance%2522%2B%2522jazz%2Bfusion%2522%2B%2522watchtower%2522%26pg%3DPA495%26printsec%3Dfrontcover&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJazz+fusion" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ratliff-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Ratliff_57-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRatliff2000" class="citation magazine cs1">Ratliff, Ben (September 28, 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071112180652/http://www.rollingstone.com/artists/mudvayne/albums/album/93388/review/5941180/ld_50">"Review of <i>L.D. 50</i>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Rolling_Stone" title="Rolling Stone">Rolling Stone</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rollingstone.com/artists/mudvayne/albums/album/93388/review/5941180/ld_50">the original</a> on November 12, 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 24,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Rolling+Stone&rft.atitle=Review+of+L.D.+50&rft.date=2000-09-28&rft.aulast=Ratliff&rft.aufirst=Ben&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rollingstone.com%2Fartists%2Fmudvayne%2Falbums%2Falbum%2F93388%2Freview%2F5941180%2Fld_50&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJazz+fusion" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rvr-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Rvr_58-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jon Wiederhorn, "Hellyeah: Night Riders", <i><a href="/wiki/Revolver_(magazine)" title="Revolver (magazine)">Revolver</a></i>, March 2007, p. 60-64 (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.revolvermag.com/features/index.html">link to <i>Revolver</i> back issues</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070928225752/http://www.revolvermag.com/features/index.html">Archived</a> September 28, 2007, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mateus-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Mateus_59-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMateus2004" class="citation book cs1">Mateus, Jorge Arévalo (2004). Hernandez, Deborah Pacini; L'Hoeste, Héctor Fernández; Zolov, Eric (eds.). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/rockinlasamerica00paci"><i>Rockin' Las Americas: The Global Politics of Rock in Latin/o America</i></a></span>. Pittsburgh, PA: University of Pittsburgh Press. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/rockinlasamerica00paci/page/94">94–98</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8229-5841-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-8229-5841-4"><bdi>0-8229-5841-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rockin%27+Las+Americas%3A+The+Global+Politics+of+Rock+in+Latin%2Fo+America&rft.place=Pittsburgh%2C+PA&rft.pages=94-98&rft.pub=University+of+Pittsburgh+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=0-8229-5841-4&rft.aulast=Mateus&rft.aufirst=Jorge+Ar%C3%A9valo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Frockinlasamerica00paci&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJazz+fusion" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rockreviews.org/reviewpage.php?ID=624">"Music review of Overlook CD by Fromuz (2008)"</a>. <i>rockreviews.org</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=rockreviews.org&rft.atitle=Music+review+of+Overlook+CD+by+Fromuz+%282008%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rockreviews.org%2Freviewpage.php%3FID%3D624&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJazz+fusion" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jazz_fusion&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Coryell, Julie, and Friedman, Laura. <i>Jazz-rock Fusion: The People, The Music</i>. Delacorte Press: New York, 1978. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-440-54409-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-440-54409-2">0-440-54409-2</a></li> <li>Delbrouck, Christophe. <i>Weather Report: Une histoire du jazz électrique</i>. Mot et le reste: Marseille, 2007. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-915378-49-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-915378-49-8">978-2-915378-49-8</a></li> <li>Fellezs, Kevin. <i>Birds of Fire: Jazz, Rock, Funk, and the Creation of Fusion</i>. Duke University Press: Durham, North Carolina, 2011. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8223-5047-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8223-5047-7">978-0-8223-5047-7</a></li> <li>Hjort, Christopher, and Hinman, Doug. <i>Jeff's Book: A Chronology of Jeff Beck's Career, 1965–1980, from The Yardbirds to Jazz-rock</i>. Rock 'n' Roll Research Press: Rumford, R.I., 2000. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9641005-3-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-9641005-3-4">978-0-9641005-3-4</a></li> <li>Kolosky, Walter. <i>Power, Passion and Beauty: The Story of the Legendary Mahavishnu Orchestra: The Greatest Band That Ever Was</i>. Abstract Logix Books: Cary, North Carolina, 2006. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9761016-2-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-9761016-2-8">978-0-9761016-2-8</a></li> <li>Milkowski, Bill. <i>Jaco: The Extraordinary and Tragic Life of Jaco Pastorius</i>. Backbeat Books: San Francisco, 2005. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87930-859-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-87930-859-9">978-0-87930-859-9</a></li> <li>Nicholson, Stuart. <i>Jazz-rock: A History</i>. Schirmer Books: New York, 1998. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-02-864679-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-02-864679-4">978-0-02-864679-4</a></li> <li>Renard, Guy. <i>Fusion</i>. Editions de l'Instant: Paris, 1990. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-86929-153-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-86929-153-9">978-2-86929-153-9</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jazz_fusion&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div 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has quotations related to <i><b><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Jazz_fusion" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/Jazz fusion">Jazz fusion</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><div class="side-box metadata side-box-right"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:The_Wikipedia_Library" title="Wikipedia:The Wikipedia Library">Library resources</a> about <br /> <b>Jazz fusion</b> <hr /></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><a class="external text" href="https://ftl.toolforge.org/cgi-bin/ftl?st=wp&su=jazz+fusion">Resources in your library</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://ftl.toolforge.org/cgi-bin/ftl?st=wp&su=jazz+fusion&library=0CHOOSE0">Resources in other libraries</a></li> </ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110811073249/http://jazzfusion.tv/bootlegaudio.html">Jazzfusion.tv</a>, non-commercially released jazz fusion audio recordings, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1970s–1980s</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://liraproductions.com/jazzrock/htdocs/histhome.htm">"A History of Jazz Rock Fusion"</a> by Al Garcia</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bendingcorners.com/"><i>BendingCorners</i></a>, a monthly non-profit podcast</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output 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.navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Jazz351" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: Pink"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output 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title="Jazz">Jazz</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: Pink;width:1%">General topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_jazz" title="Outline of jazz">Outline of jazz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jazz_(word)" title="Jazz (word)">Jazz (word)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jazz_band" title="Jazz band">Jazz band</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Big_band" title="Big band">Big band</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musical_improvisation" title="Musical improvisation">Improvisation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jazz_improvisation" title="Jazz improvisation">Jazz</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jam_session" title="Jam session">Jam session</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scat_singing" title="Scat singing">Scat singing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swing_(jazz_performance_style)" class="mw-redirect" title="Swing (jazz performance style)">Swing performance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jazz_bass" title="Jazz bass">Jazz bass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jazz_drumming" title="Jazz drumming">Jazz drumming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jazz_guitar" title="Jazz guitar">Jazz guitar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_horn_in_jazz" title="French horn in jazz">French horn in jazz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jazz_piano" title="Jazz piano">Jazz piano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jazz_trombone" title="Jazz trombone">Jazz trombone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jazz_violin" title="Jazz violin">Jazz violin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vocal_jazz" title="Vocal jazz">Vocal jazz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_jazz" title="Women in jazz">Women in jazz</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: Pink;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_jazz_genres" title="List of jazz genres">Genres</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Avant-garde_jazz" title="Avant-garde jazz">Avant-garde jazz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bebop" title="Bebop">Bebop</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hard_bop" title="Hard bop">Hard bop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-bop" title="Neo-bop">Neo-bop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-bop" title="Post-bop">Post-bop</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_jazz" title="Cape jazz">Cape jazz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamber_jazz" title="Chamber jazz">Chamber jazz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cool_jazz" title="Cool jazz">Cool jazz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dixieland" class="mw-redirect" title="Dixieland">Dixieland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flamenco_jazz" title="Flamenco jazz">Flamenco jazz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folk_jazz" title="Folk jazz">Folk jazz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_jazz" title="Free jazz">Free jazz</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Free_funk" title="Free funk">Free funk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_improvisation" title="Free improvisation">Free improvisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punk_jazz" title="Punk jazz">Punk jazz</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gypsy_jazz" title="Gypsy jazz">Gypsy jazz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jazz-funk" title="Jazz-funk">Jazz-funk</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Jazz fusion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jazz_rap" title="Jazz rap">Jazz rap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_jazz" title="Latin jazz">Latin jazz</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afro-Cuban_jazz" title="Afro-Cuban jazz">Afro-Cuban jazz</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M-Base" title="M-Base">M-Base</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mainstream_jazz" title="Mainstream jazz">Mainstream jazz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marabi" title="Marabi">Marabi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modal_jazz" title="Modal jazz">Modal jazz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nu_jazz" title="Nu jazz">Nu jazz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orchestral_jazz" title="Orchestral jazz">Orchestral jazz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organ_trio" title="Organ trio">Organ trio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_jazz" class="mw-redirect" title="Progressive jazz">Progressive jazz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ska_jazz" title="Ska jazz">Ska jazz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smooth_jazz" title="Smooth jazz">Smooth jazz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soul_jazz" title="Soul jazz">Soul jazz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spiritual_jazz" title="Spiritual jazz">Spiritual jazz</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sacred_jazz" title="Sacred jazz">Sacred jazz</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stride_(music)" title="Stride (music)">Stride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swing_music" title="Swing music">Swing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Swing_revival" title="Swing revival">Swing revival</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_stream" title="Third stream">Third stream</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trad_jazz" title="Trad jazz">Trad jazz</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: Pink;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_jazz_musicians" title="List of jazz musicians">Musicians</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_jazz_bassists" title="List of jazz bassists">Bassists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_jazz_musicians#Clarinet" title="List of jazz musicians">Clarinetists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_jazz_drummers" title="List of jazz drummers">Drummers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_jazz_guitarists" title="List of jazz guitarists">Guitarists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_jazz_organists" title="List of jazz organists">Organists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_jazz_percussionists" title="List of jazz percussionists">Percussionists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_jazz_pianists" title="List of jazz pianists">Pianists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_jazz_saxophonists" title="List of jazz saxophonists">Saxophonists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_jazz_trombonists" title="List of jazz trombonists">Trombonists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_jazz_trumpeters" title="List of jazz trumpeters">Trumpeters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_vibraphonists" title="List of vibraphonists">Vibraphonists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_jazz_violinists" title="List of jazz violinists">Violinists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_jazz_vocalists" title="List of jazz vocalists">Vocalists</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: Pink;width:1%">Musicians by genre</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_bebop_musicians" title="List of bebop musicians">Bebop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_chamber_jazz_musicians" title="List of chamber jazz musicians">Chamber jazz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cool_jazz_and_West_Coast_jazz_musicians" title="List of cool jazz and West Coast jazz musicians">Cool jazz and West Coast jazz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_hard_bop_musicians" title="List of hard bop musicians">Hard bop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_jazz_fusion_musicians" title="List of jazz fusion musicians">Jazz fusion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_scat_singers" title="List of scat singers">Scat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_smooth_jazz_musicians" title="List of smooth jazz musicians">Smooth jazz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_soul_jazz_musicians" title="List of soul jazz musicians">Soul jazz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_swing_musicians" title="List of swing musicians">Swing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: Pink;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jazz_standard" title="Jazz standard">Standards</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_pre-1920_jazz_standards" title="List of pre-1920 jazz standards">Pre-1920</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_1920s_jazz_standards" title="List of 1920s jazz standards">1920s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_1930s_jazz_standards" title="List of 1930s jazz standards">1930s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_1940s_jazz_standards" title="List of 1940s jazz standards">1940s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_post-1950_jazz_standards" title="List of post-1950 jazz standards">post-1950</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: Pink;width:1%">Discographies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bethlehem_Records" title="Bethlehem Records">Bethlehem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Note_Records_discography" title="Blue Note Records discography">Blue Note</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BYG_Records" title="BYG Records">BYG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cobblestone_Records" title="Cobblestone Records">Cobblestone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contemporary_Records" title="Contemporary Records">Contemporary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CTI_Records" title="CTI Records">CTI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ECM_Records" title="ECM Records">ECM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ESP-Disk" title="ESP-Disk">ESP-Disk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flying_Dutchman_Records" title="Flying Dutchman Records">Flying Dutchman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_Records" title="Freedom Records">Freedom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Groove_Merchant" title="Groove Merchant">Groove Merchant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impulse!_Records_discography" title="Impulse! Records discography">Impulse!</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India_Navigation" title="India Navigation">India Navigation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JMT_Records" title="JMT Records">JMT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landmark_Records" title="Landmark Records">Landmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mainstream_Records" title="Mainstream Records">Mainstream</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milestone_Records_discography" title="Milestone Records discography">Milestone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPS_Records" title="MPS Records">MPS Records</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPS_Records_discography" title="MPS Records discography">MPS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muse_Records" title="Muse Records">Muse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prestige_Records_discography" title="Prestige Records discography">Prestige</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riverside_Records_discography" title="Riverside Records discography">Riverside</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strata-East_Records" title="Strata-East Records">Strata-East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verve_Records_discography" title="Verve Records discography">Verve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winter_%26_Winter_Records" title="Winter & Winter Records">Winter & Winter</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: Pink;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_jazz_festivals" title="List of jazz festivals">Festivals</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beaches_International_Jazz_Festival" title="Beaches International Jazz Festival">Beaches (Toronto)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Town_International_Jazz_Festival" title="Cape Town International Jazz Festival">Cape Town</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicago_Jazz_Festival" title="Chicago Jazz Festival">Chicago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copenhagen_Jazz_Festival" title="Copenhagen Jazz Festival">Copenhagen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Detroit_International_Jazz_Festival" title="Detroit International Jazz Festival">Detroit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jakarta_International_Java_Jazz_Festival" class="mw-redirect" title="Jakarta International Java Jazz Festival">Jakarta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monterey_Jazz_Festival" title="Monterey Jazz Festival">Monterey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montreal_International_Jazz_Festival" title="Montreal International Jazz Festival">Montreal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montreux_Jazz_Festival" title="Montreux Jazz Festival">Montreux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Orleans_Jazz_%26_Heritage_Festival" title="New Orleans Jazz & Heritage Festival">New Orleans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newport_Jazz_Festival" title="Newport Jazz Festival">Newport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Sea_Jazz_Festival" title="North Sea Jazz Festival">North Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pori_Jazz" title="Pori Jazz">Pori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Lucia_Jazz_Festival" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Lucia Jazz Festival">Saint Lucia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: Pink;width:1%">Culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_jazz_contrafacts" title="List of jazz contrafacts">Contrafacts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_jazz_institutions_and_organizations" title="List of jazz institutions and organizations">Institutions and organizations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jazz_funeral" title="Jazz funeral">Jazz funeral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jazz_poetry" title="Jazz poetry">Jazz poetry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jazz_royalty" title="Jazz royalty">Jazz royalty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jazz_harmony" title="Jazz harmony">Jazz theory</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Template:Jazz_theory" title="Template:Jazz theory">See Template: Jazz theory</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rare_groove" title="Rare groove">Rare groove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_line_(parades)" title="Second line (parades)">Second line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_jazz_venues" title="List of jazz venues">Venues</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: Pink;width:1%">Regional scenes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: Pink;width:1%">African</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ethio-jazz" title="Ethio-jazz">Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Malawi#Malawian_jazz" title="Music of Malawi">Malawian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_African_jazz" title="South African jazz">South African</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cape_jazz" title="Cape jazz">Cape jazz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marabi" title="Marabi">Marabi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zimbabwean_jazz" title="Zimbabwean jazz">Zimbabwean</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: Pink;width:1%">Asian</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_jazz" title="Armenian jazz">Armenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_jazz" title="Azerbaijani jazz">Azerbaijani</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jazz_mugham" title="Jazz mugham">Jazz mugham</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jazz_in_China" title="Jazz in China">Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jazz_in_India" title="Jazz in India">Indian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indo_jazz" title="Indo jazz">Indo jazz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sitar_in_jazz" title="Sitar in jazz">Sitar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_jazz" title="Iranian jazz">Iranian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_jazz" title="Japanese jazz">Japanese</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: Pink;width:1%">European</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balkan_jazz" title="Balkan jazz">Balkan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_jazz" title="Bulgarian jazz">Bulgarian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgian_jazz" title="Belgian jazz">Belgian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_jazz" title="British jazz">British</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_dance_band" title="British dance band">British dance band</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continental_jazz" title="Continental jazz">Continental European</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jazz_in_Czechoslovakia" title="Jazz in Czechoslovakia">Czech and Slovak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danish_jazz" title="Danish jazz">Danish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_jazz" title="Dutch jazz">Dutch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_free_jazz" title="European free jazz">European free jazz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_jazz" title="French jazz">French</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_jazz" title="German jazz">German</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_jazz" title="Italian jazz">Italian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_jazz" title="Polish jazz">Polish</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yass_(music)" title="Yass (music)">Yass</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_jazz" title="Russian jazz">Russian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_jazz" title="Spanish jazz">Spanish</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flamenco_jazz" title="Flamenco jazz">Flamenco jazz</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_jazz" title="Swedish jazz">Swedish</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: Pink;width:1%">North American</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_jazz" title="Canadian jazz">Canadian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mini-jazz" title="Mini-jazz">Haitian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_jazz" title="Latin jazz">Latin American</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afro-Cuban_jazz" title="Afro-Cuban jazz">Cuban</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="American8" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: Pink;width:1%">American</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Baltimore#Jazz" title="Music of Baltimore">Baltimore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Chicago#Jazz" title="Music of Chicago">Chicago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Detroit#Jazz" title="Music of Detroit">Detroit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kansas_City_jazz" title="Kansas City jazz">Kansas City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_New_Orleans#Jazz" title="Music of New Orleans">New Orleans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_New_York_City#Blues_and_jazz" title="Music of New York City">New York City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Washington,_D.C.#Jazz" title="Music of Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Coast_jazz" title="West Coast jazz">West Coast</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: Pink;width:1%">Oceanian</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australian_jazz" title="Australian jazz">Australian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: Pink;width:1%">South American</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_jazz" title="Brazilian jazz">Brazilian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_jazz" title="Latin jazz">Latin American</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: Pink;width:1%">Worldwide</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ethno_jazz" title="Ethno jazz">Ethno jazz</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: Pink;width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_jazz" title="Bibliography of jazz">Bibliography of jazz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blues" title="Blues">Blues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_dance_band" title="British dance band">British dance band</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ragtime" title="Ragtime">Ragtime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jazz_Age" title="Jazz Age">Jazz Age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continental_jazz" title="Continental jazz">Continental jazz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Straight-ahead_jazz" title="Straight-ahead jazz">Straight-ahead jazz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_pre-1920_jazz_standards" title="List of pre-1920 jazz standards">Pre-1920</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1920s_in_jazz" title="1920s in jazz">1920s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1930s_in_jazz" title="1930s in jazz">1930s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1940s_in_jazz" title="1940s in jazz">1940s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1950s_in_jazz" title="1950s in jazz">1950s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1960s_in_jazz" title="1960s in jazz">1960s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1970s_in_jazz" title="1970s in jazz">1970s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980s_in_jazz" title="1980s in jazz">1980s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990s_in_jazz" title="1990s in jazz">1990s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000s_in_jazz" title="2000s in jazz">2000s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010s_in_jazz" title="2010s in jazz">2010s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_in_jazz" title="2020 in jazz">2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_in_jazz" title="2021 in jazz">2021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_in_jazz" title="2022 in jazz">2022</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: Pink;width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acid_jazz" title="Acid jazz">Acid jazz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afrobeat" title="Afrobeat">Afrobeat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contradanza" title="Contradanza">Contradanza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blues" title="Blues">Blues</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jump_blues" title="Jump blues">Jump blues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Orleans_blues" title="New Orleans blues">New Orleans blues</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brass_band" title="Brass band">Brass band</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exotica" title="Exotica">Exotica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plugg_(music)" class="mw-redirect" title="Plugg (music)">Plugg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quiet_storm" title="Quiet storm">Quiet storm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ragtime" title="Ragtime">Ragtime</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Novelty_piano" title="Novelty piano">Novelty ragtime</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sophisti-pop" title="Sophisti-pop">Sophisti-pop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_West_Africa" title="Music of West Africa">West African music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_swing" title="Western swing">Western swing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: Pink;width:1%">Media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Album_covers_of_Blue_Note_Records" title="Album covers of Blue Note Records">Album covers of Blue Note Records</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bird_(1988_film)" title="Bird (1988 film)">Bird</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jazz_(miniseries)" title="Jazz (miniseries)"><i>Jazz</i> (miniseries)</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Jazz_Singer" title="The Jazz Singer">The Jazz Singer</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Round_Midnight_(film)" title="Round Midnight (film)">Round Midnight</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Thelonious_Monk:_Straight,_No_Chaser" title="Thelonious Monk: Straight, No Chaser">Straight, No Chaser</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background: Pink"><div><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Saxo_Boca1.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Saxo_Boca1.JPG/15px-Saxo_Boca1.JPG" decoding="async" width="15" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Saxo_Boca1.JPG/23px-Saxo_Boca1.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Saxo_Boca1.JPG/30px-Saxo_Boca1.JPG 2x" data-file-width="219" data-file-height="230" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Jazz" title="Portal:Jazz">Jazz portal</a></b></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Rock_music522" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Rock_music" title="Template:Rock music"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Rock_music" title="Template talk:Rock music"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Rock_music" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Rock music"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Rock_music522" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Rock_music" title="Rock music">Rock music</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Components</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beat_(music)#Backbeat" title="Beat (music)">Backbeat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Distortion_(music)" title="Distortion (music)">Distortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Band_(rock_and_pop)" title="Band (rock and pop)">Rock band</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Electric_guitar" title="Electric guitar">Electric guitar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bass_guitar" title="Bass guitar">Electric bass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhythm_section" title="Rhythm section">Rhythm section</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drum_kit" title="Drum kit">Drum kit</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Genres by<br />decade of origin<br /><span class="nobold">(sub-subgenres <br />not included)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1950s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Instrumental_rock" title="Instrumental rock">Instrumental rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_rock" title="Latin rock">Latin rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pop_rock" title="Pop rock">Pop rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_and_roll" title="Rock and roll">Rock and roll</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_rock_and_roll" title="British rock and roll">British</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rockabilly" title="Rockabilly">Rockabilly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surf_music" title="Surf music">Surf music</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1960s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anatolian_rock" title="Anatolian rock">Anatolian rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_rock" title="Art rock">Art rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baroque_pop" title="Baroque pop">Baroque rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beat_music" title="Beat music">Beat music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blues_rock" title="Blues rock">Blues rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boogie_rock" title="Boogie rock">Boogie rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamber_pop" title="Chamber pop">Chamber pop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_rock" title="Christian rock">Christian rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comedy_rock" title="Comedy rock">Comedy rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Country_rock" title="Country rock">Country rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_rock" title="Electronic rock">Electronic rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Experimental_rock" title="Experimental rock">Experimental rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flamenco_rock" title="Flamenco rock">Flamenco rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folk_rock" title="Folk rock">Folk rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garage_rock" title="Garage rock">Garage rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hard_rock" title="Hard rock">Hard rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heavy_metal_music" title="Heavy metal music">Heavy metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jam_band" title="Jam band">Jam</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Jazz rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krautrock" title="Krautrock">Krautrock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noise_rock" title="Noise rock">Noise rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occult_rock" title="Occult rock">Occult rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_rock" title="Progressive rock">Progressive rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychedelic_rock" title="Psychedelic rock">Psychedelic rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raga_rock" title="Raga rock">Raga rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roots_rock" title="Roots rock">Roots rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samba_rock" title="Samba rock">Samba rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soft_rock" title="Soft rock">Soft rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_rock" title="Southern rock">Southern rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_rock" title="Space rock">Space rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swamp_rock" title="Swamp rock">Swamp rock</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1970s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arena_rock" title="Arena rock">Arena rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cello_rock" title="Cello rock">Cello rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cock_rock" title="Cock rock">Cock rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dance-rock" title="Dance-rock">Dance-rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Funk_rock" title="Funk rock">Funk rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glam_rock" title="Glam rock">Glam rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heartland_rock" title="Heartland rock">Heartland rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_rock" title="Industrial rock">Industrial rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_wave_music" title="New wave music">New wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-progressive" title="Post-progressive">Post-progressive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-punk" title="Post-punk">Post-punk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_pop" title="Power pop">Power pop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pub_rock_(Australia)" title="Pub rock (Australia)">Pub rock (Australia)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pub_rock_(United_Kingdom)" title="Pub rock (United Kingdom)">Pub rock (United Kingdom)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punk_rock" title="Punk rock">Punk rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shock_rock" title="Shock rock">Shock rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soft_rock" title="Soft rock">Soft rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visual_kei" title="Visual kei">Visual kei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yacht_rock" title="Yacht rock">Yacht rock</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1980s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alternative_rock" title="Alternative rock">Alternative rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deathrock" title="Deathrock">Deathrock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dream_pop" title="Dream pop">Dream pop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_rock" title="Gothic rock">Gothic rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grebo_(music)" title="Grebo (music)">Grebo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grunge" title="Grunge">Grunge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indie_rock" title="Indie rock">Indie rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jangle_pop" title="Jangle pop">Jangle pop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rap_rock" title="Rap rock">Rap rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_kapak" title="Rock kapak">Rock kapak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoegaze" title="Shoegaze">Shoegaze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slacker_rock" title="Slacker rock">Slacker rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tropical_rock" title="Tropical rock">Trop rock</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1990s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Britpop" title="Britpop">Britpop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emo" title="Emo">Emo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Math_rock" title="Math rock">Math rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-rock" title="Post-rock">Post-rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stoner_rock" title="Stoner rock">Stoner rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sufi_rock" title="Sufi rock">Sufi rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viking_rock" title="Viking rock">Viking rock</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regional scenes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">North America</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_rock" title="American rock">American</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Palm_Desert_Scene" title="Palm Desert Scene">Palm Desert Scene</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_of_Canada" title="Rock music of Canada">Canadian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Costa_Rica#Rock_music" title="Music of Costa Rica">Costa Rican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuban_rock" title="Cuban rock">Cuban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_rock" title="Dominican rock">Dominican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haitian_rock" title="Haitian rock">Haitian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Mexico" title="Rock music in Mexico">Mexican</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chicano_rock" title="Chicano rock">Chicano rock</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Puerto_Rico" title="Music of Puerto Rico">Puerto Rican</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">South America</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Argentine_rock" title="Argentine rock">Argentine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_rock" title="Brazilian rock">Brazilian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_thrash_metal" title="Brazilian thrash metal">Brazilian thrash metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samba_rock" title="Samba rock">Samba rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tropic%C3%A1lia" title="Tropicália">Tropicália</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chilean_rock" title="Chilean rock">Chilean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombian_rock" title="Colombian rock">Colombian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecuadorian_rock" title="Ecuadorian rock">Ecuadorian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peruvian_rock" title="Peruvian rock">Peruvian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uruguayan_rock" title="Uruguayan rock">Uruguayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venezuelan_rock" title="Venezuelan rock">Venezuelan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Albania" title="Rock music in Albania">Albanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Belarus" title="Rock music in Belarus">Belarusian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Belgium" title="Rock music in Belgium">Belgian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Rock music in Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_rock_music" title="British rock music">British</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_rock_and_roll" title="British rock and roll">British rock and roll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Britpop" title="Britpop">Britpop</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Post-Britpop" title="Post-Britpop">Post-Britpop</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Croatia#Rock" title="Music of Croatia">Croatian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Denmark" title="Rock music in Denmark">Danish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_the_Netherlands" title="Rock music in the Netherlands">Dutch</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indorock" title="Indorock">Indorock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nederbeat" title="Nederbeat">Nederbeat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultra_(music)" title="Ultra (music)">Ultra</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Estonia" title="Rock music in Estonia">Estonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Finland" title="Rock music in Finland">Finnish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_France" title="Rock music in France">French</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Germany" title="Rock music in Germany">German</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Greece" title="Rock music in Greece">Greek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Hungary" title="Rock music in Hungary">Hungarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Iceland" title="Rock music in Iceland">Icelandic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Ireland" title="Rock music in Ireland">Irish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Italy" title="Rock music in Italy">Italian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Latvia" title="Rock music in Latvia">Latvian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Lithuania" title="Rock music in Lithuania">Lithuanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_North_Macedonia#Rock_music" title="Music of North Macedonia">Macedonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Norway" title="Rock music in Norway">Norwegian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Poland" title="Rock music in Poland">Polish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Portugal" title="Rock music in Portugal">Portuguese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Romania" title="Rock music in Romania">Romanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Russia" title="Rock music in Russia">Russian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Serbia" title="Rock music in Serbia">Serbian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Slovenia" title="Rock music in Slovenia">Slovenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Spain" title="Rock music in Spain">Spanish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_music_in_Sweden" title="Popular music in Sweden">Swedish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Switzerland" title="Rock music in Switzerland">Swiss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Ukraine" title="Rock music in Ukraine">Ukrainian</a></li> <li>Yugoslavian <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Popular_music_in_Yugoslavia#Art_rock" title="Popular music in Yugoslavia">Art rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_music_in_Yugoslavia#Hard_rock_and_heavy_metal" title="Popular music in Yugoslavia">Hard rock and heavy metal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Popular_music_in_Yugoslavia#Extreme_metal" title="Popular music in Yugoslavia">Extreme metal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_music_in_Yugoslavia#Neo-rockabilly" title="Popular music in Yugoslavia">Neo-rockabilly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_wave_music_in_Yugoslavia" title="New wave music in Yugoslavia">New wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_music_in_Yugoslavia#Post-punk" title="Popular music in Yugoslavia">Post-punk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punk_rock_in_Yugoslavia" title="Punk rock in Yugoslavia">Punk</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_rock" title="Armenian rock">Armenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_rock" title="Azerbaijani rock">Azerbaijani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladeshi_rock" title="Bangladeshi rock">Bangladeshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Cambodia#Cambodian_rock_and_pop" title="Music of Cambodia">Cambodian</a> (<a href="/wiki/Cambodian_rock_(1960s%E2%80%931970s)" title="Cambodian rock (1960s–1970s)">1959–1975</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_rock" title="Chinese rock">Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinoy_rock" title="Pinoy rock">Filipino</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bisrock" title="Bisrock">Bisrock</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_rock" title="Indian rock">Indian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_of_West_Bengal" class="mw-redirect" title="Rock music of West Bengal">Bengali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raga_rock" title="Raga rock">Raga</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_rock" title="Indonesian rock">Indonesian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_rock" title="Iranian rock">Iranian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_rock" title="Israeli rock">Israeli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_rock" title="Japanese rock">Japanese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Visual_kei" title="Visual kei">Visual kei</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_rock" title="Korean rock">Korean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_rock" title="Malaysian rock">Malaysian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rock_kapak" title="Rock kapak">Rock kapak</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepalese_rock" title="Nepalese rock">Nepalese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistani_rock" title="Pakistani rock">Pakistani</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sufi_rock" title="Sufi rock">Sufi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Russia" title="Rock music in Russia">Russian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_rock" title="Taiwanese rock">Taiwanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thai_rock" title="Thai rock">Thai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anatolian_rock" title="Anatolian rock">Turkish</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Angola" title="Rock music in Angola">Angolan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desert_blues" title="Desert blues">Sahara desert region</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zamrock" title="Zamrock">Zambian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Oceania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Australia" title="Rock music in Australia">Australian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_New_Zealand" title="Rock music in New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Radio formats</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Active_rock" title="Active rock">Active rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adult_album_alternative" title="Adult album alternative">Adult album alternative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Album-oriented_rock" title="Album-oriented rock">Album-oriented rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classic_rock" title="Classic rock">Classic rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mainstream_rock" title="Mainstream rock">Mainstream rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_rock" title="Modern rock">Modern rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_rock_(radio_format)" title="Progressive rock (radio format)">Progressive rock (radio format)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div class="hlist"><ul><li>History</li><li>Culture</li></ul></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_Invasion" title="British Invasion">British Invasion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_years_in_rock_music" title="List of years in rock music">List of years in rock music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Origins_of_rock_and_roll" title="Origins of rock and roll">Origins of rock and roll</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Country_music" title="Country music">Country music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jazz" title="Jazz">Jazz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhythm_and_blues" title="Rhythm and blues">Rhythm and blues</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronics_in_rock_music" title="Electronics in rock music">Electronics in rock music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_effects_of_rock_music" title="Social effects of rock music">Social effects</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rock_Against_Communism" title="Rock Against Communism">Rock Against Communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_Against_Racism" title="Rock Against Racism">Rock Against Racism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_Against_Sexism" title="Rock Against Sexism">Rock Against Sexism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_and_the_fall_of_communism" title="Rock music and the fall of communism">Rock music and the fall of communism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rockism_and_poptimism" title="Rockism and poptimism">Rockism and poptimism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_rock" title="Women in rock">Women in rock</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beatlesque" title="Beatlesque">Beatlesque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rock_genres" title="List of rock genres">List of rock genres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motorik" title="Motorik">Motorik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outlaw_country" title="Outlaw country">Outlaw country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_music" title="Progressive music">Progressive music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_and_Roll_Hall_of_Fame" title="Rock and Roll Hall of Fame">Rock and Roll Hall of Fame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_concert" title="Rock concert">Rock concert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_festival" title="Rock festival">Rock festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_musical" title="Rock musical">Rock musical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_opera" title="Rock opera">Rock opera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wagnerian_rock" title="Wagnerian rock">Wagnerian rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wall_of_Sound" title="Wall of Sound">Wall of Sound</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" 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