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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Feminism" title="Category:Feminism">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/Feminism" title="Feminism">Feminism</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Venus_symbol_(heavy_pink).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Venus_symbol_%28heavy_pink%29.svg/80px-Venus_symbol_%28heavy_pink%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Venus_symbol_%28heavy_pink%29.svg/120px-Venus_symbol_%28heavy_pink%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Venus_symbol_%28heavy_pink%29.svg/160px-Venus_symbol_%28heavy_pink%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content-with-subgroup plainlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">History</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table class="sidebar-subgroup"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist" style="padding-top:0.15em;"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_history" title="Feminist history">Feminist history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_feminism" title="History of feminism">History of feminism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_history" title="Women's history">Women's history</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_women_in_the_United_States" title="History of women in the United States">American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_women_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="History of women in the United Kingdom">British</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_women_in_Canada" title="History of women in Canada">Canadian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_women_in_Germany" title="History of women in Germany">German</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="padding-top:0.4em;font-style:italic;font-weight:normal;border-bottom:1px solid #ccc;;padding-top:0.2em;"> Waves</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist" style="padding-top:0.15em;"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First-wave_feminism" title="First-wave feminism">First</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second-wave_feminism" title="Second-wave feminism">Second</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third-wave_feminism" title="Third-wave feminism">Third</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth-wave_feminism" title="Fourth-wave feminism">Fourth</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="padding-top:0.4em;font-style:italic;font-weight:normal;border-bottom:1px solid #ccc;"> Timelines</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist" style="padding-top:0.15em;"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_women%27s_suffrage" title="Timeline of women's suffrage">Women's suffrage</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_first_women%27s_suffrage_in_majority-Muslim_countries" title="Timeline of first women's suffrage in majority-Muslim countries">Muslim countries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_women%27s_suffrage_in_the_United_States" title="Timeline of women's suffrage in the United States">US</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_women%27s_legal_rights_(other_than_voting)" title="Timeline of women's legal rights (other than voting)">Other women's rights</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="padding-top:0.4em;font-style:italic;font-weight:normal;border-bottom:1px solid #ccc;"> <a href="/wiki/Women%27s_suffrage" title="Women's suffrage">Women's suffrage</a> by country</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist" style="padding-top:0.15em;"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_suffrage_in_Austria" title="Women's suffrage in Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_suffrage_in_Australia" title="Women's suffrage in Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_suffrage_in_Canada" title="Women's suffrage in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_suffrage_in_Colombia" title="Women's suffrage in Colombia">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_suffrage_in_India" title="Women's suffrage in India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_suffrage_in_Japan" title="Women's suffrage in Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_suffrage_in_Kuwait" title="Women's suffrage in Kuwait">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_suffrage_in_Liechtenstein" title="Women's suffrage in Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_suffrage_in_New_Zealand" title="Women's suffrage in New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li>Spain <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_suffrage_in_the_Spanish_Second_Republic_period" title="Women's suffrage in the Spanish Second Republic period">Second Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_suffrage_in_Francoist_Spain_and_the_democratic_transition" title="Women's suffrage in Francoist Spain and the democratic transition">Francoist</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_suffrage_in_Switzerland" title="Women's suffrage in Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_suffrage_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Women's suffrage in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_suffrage_in_the_Cayman_Islands" title="Women's suffrage in the Cayman Islands">Cayman Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_suffrage_in_Wales" title="Women's suffrage in Wales">Wales</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_suffrage_in_the_United_States" title="Women's suffrage in the United States">United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_suffrage_in_states_of_the_United_States" title="Women's suffrage in states of the United States">states</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content-with-subgroup plainlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Intersectionality#Feminist_thought" title="Intersectionality">Intersectional variants</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table class="sidebar-subgroup"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist" style="padding-top:0.15em;"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fat_feminism" title="Fat feminism">Fat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesbian_feminism" title="Lesbian feminism">Lesbian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lesbian_feminism#Lesbian_of_color_feminism" title="Lesbian feminism">Lesbian of color</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radical_lesbianism" title="Radical lesbianism">Radical lesbianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_separatism#Lesbian_separatism" title="Feminist separatism">Separatist</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex-positive_feminism" title="Sex-positive feminism">Sex-positive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transfeminism" title="Transfeminism">Transfeminism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Postgenderism" title="Postgenderism">Postgenderism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegetarian_ecofeminism" title="Vegetarian ecofeminism">Vegetarian ecofeminism</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="padding-top:0.4em;font-style:italic;font-weight:normal;border-bottom:1px solid #ccc;;padding-top:0.2em;"> <a href="/wiki/Socialist_feminism" title="Socialist feminism">Socialist</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist" style="padding-top:0.15em;"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anarcha-feminism" title="Anarcha-feminism">Anarchist</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Queer_anarchism" title="Queer anarchism">Queer</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jineology" title="Jineology">Jineology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marxist_feminism" title="Marxist feminism">Marxist</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Intersectionality#Marxist_feminist_critical_theory" title="Intersectionality">Critical theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standpoint_feminism" title="Standpoint feminism">Standpoint</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Materialist_feminism" title="Materialist feminism">Materialist</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ecofeminism#Materialist_Ecofeminism" title="Ecofeminism">Ecofeminist</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postcolonial_feminism" title="Postcolonial feminism">Postcolonial</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Global_feminism" title="Global feminism">Global</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transnational_feminism" title="Transnational feminism">Transnational</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xenofeminism" class="mw-redirect" title="Xenofeminism">Xenofeminism</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="padding-top:0.4em;font-style:italic;font-weight:normal;border-bottom:1px solid #ccc;;padding-top:0.2em;"> <a href="/wiki/Multiculturalism" title="Multiculturalism">Multicultural</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist" style="padding-top:0.15em;"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Africana_womanism" title="Africana womanism">Africana womanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_feminism" title="Black feminism">Black</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hip_hop_feminism" title="Hip hop feminism">Hip hop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesbian_feminism#Black_lesbian_feminism" title="Lesbian feminism">Lesbian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ratchet_feminism" title="Ratchet feminism">Ratchet</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicana_feminism" title="Chicana feminism">Chicana</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lesbian_feminism#Chicana_lesbian_feminism" title="Lesbian feminism">Lesbian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_feminism" title="Indigenous feminism">Indigenous</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Native_American_feminism" title="Native American feminism">Native American</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multiracial_feminist_theory" title="Multiracial feminist theory">Multiracial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romani_feminism" title="Romani feminism">Romani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Womanism" title="Womanism">Womanism</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Other variants</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-abortion_feminism" title="Anti-abortion feminism">Anti-abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equity_feminism" title="Equity feminism">Equity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Femonationalism" title="Femonationalism">Femonationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maternal_feminism" title="Maternal feminism">Maternal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postfeminism" title="Postfeminism">Postfeminism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neofeminism" title="Neofeminism">Neofeminism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reactionary_feminism" title="Reactionary feminism">Reactionary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_feminism" title="State feminism">State</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carceral_feminism" title="Carceral feminism">Carceral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_feminism" title="Imperial feminism">Imperial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Embedded_feminism" title="Embedded feminism">Embedded</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender-critical_feminism" title="Gender-critical feminism"><span class="wrap"><span class="nowrap">Gender-critical</span> or <span class="nowrap">trans-exclusionary</span></span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victim_feminism" title="Victim feminism">Victim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_feminism" title="White feminism">White</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Feminist_theology" title="Feminist theology">Religious variants</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atheist_feminism" title="Atheist feminism">Atheist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_feminism" title="Buddhist feminism">Buddhist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_feminism" title="Christian feminism">Christian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mormon_feminism" title="Mormon feminism">Mormon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_feminism" title="New feminism">New</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Womanist_theology" title="Womanist theology">Womanist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asian_feminist_theology" title="Asian feminist theology">Asian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goddess_movement" title="Goddess movement">Neopagan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dianic_Wicca" title="Dianic Wicca">Dianic Wicca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reclaiming_(Neopaganism)" title="Reclaiming (Neopaganism)">Reclaiming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecofeminism#Spiritual_Ecofeminism/Cultural_Ecofeminism" title="Ecofeminism">Ecofeminist</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_India#Hindu_community" title="Feminism in India">Hindu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_feminism" title="Islamic feminism">Islamic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_feminism" title="Jewish feminism">Jewish</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Jewish_feminism" title="Orthodox Jewish feminism">Orthodox</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikh_feminism" title="Sikh feminism">Sikh</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Feminist_movements_and_ideologies" title="Feminist movements and ideologies">Movements and ideologies</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/4B_movement" title="4B movement">4B movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Analytical_feminism" title="Analytical feminism">Analytical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fantifa" title="Fantifa">Anti-fascist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-pornography_feminism" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-pornography feminism">Anti-pornography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyberfeminism" title="Cyberfeminism">Cyberfeminism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_HCI" title="Feminist HCI">HCI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Networked_feminism" title="Networked feminism">Networked</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecofeminism" title="Ecofeminism">Ecofeminism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugenic_feminism" title="Eugenic feminism">Eugenic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Individualist_feminism" title="Individualist feminism">Individualist</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lipstick_feminism" title="Lipstick feminism">Lipstick</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lipstick_feminism#Stiletto_feminism" title="Lipstick feminism">Stiletto</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_feminism" title="Liberal feminism">Liberal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Difference_feminism" title="Difference feminism">Difference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equality_feminism" title="Equality feminism">Equality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_feminism" title="Social feminism">Social</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Labor_feminism" title="Labor feminism">Labor</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_feminism" class="mw-redirect" title="Libertarian feminism">Libertarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-structural_feminism" title="Post-structural feminism">Post-structural</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Postmodern_feminism" title="Postmodern feminism">Postmodern</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radical_feminism" title="Radical feminism">Radical</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_feminism" title="Cultural feminism">Cultural</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_lesbianism" title="Political lesbianism">Political lesbianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_separatism" title="Feminist separatism">Separatist</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technofeminism" title="Technofeminism">Technofeminism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_liberation_movement" title="Women's liberation movement">Women's liberation</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Concepts</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antinaturalism_(politics)" title="Antinaturalism (politics)">Antinaturalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Choice_feminism" title="Choice feminism">Choice feminism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cognitive_labor" title="Cognitive labor">Cognitive labor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Complementarianism" title="Complementarianism">Complementarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_literature" title="Feminist literature">Literature</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_children%27s_literature" title="Feminist children's literature">Children's literature</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diversity_(politics)" title="Diversity (politics)">Diversity (politics)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diversity,_equity,_and_inclusion" title="Diversity, equity, and inclusion">Diversity, equity, and inclusion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_effects_on_society" title="Feminist effects on society">Effects on society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_and_equality" title="Feminism and equality">Equality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Female_education" title="Female education">Female education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Female_genital_mutilation" title="Female genital mutilation">Female genital mutilation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Femicide" title="Femicide">Femicide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Femonationalism" title="Femonationalism">Femonationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_culture" title="Feminism in culture">Feminism in culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_movement" title="Feminist movement">Feminist movement</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African-American_women%27s_suffrage_movement" title="African-American women's suffrage movement">African-American women's suffrage movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_art_movement" title="Feminist art movement">Art movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_activism_in_hip_hop" title="Feminist activism in hip hop">In hip hop</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_views_on_striptease" title="Feminist views on striptease">Feminist stripper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equal_opportunity" title="Equal opportunity">Formal equality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_equality" title="Gender equality">Gender equality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_quota" title="Gender quota">Gender quota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Girl_power" title="Girl power">Girl power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honor_killing" title="Honor killing">Honor killing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ideal_womanhood" title="Ideal womanhood">Ideal womanhood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Invisible_labor" title="Invisible labor">Invisible labor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internalized_sexism" title="Internalized sexism">Internalized sexism</a></li> <li>International <a href="/wiki/International_Day_of_the_Girl_Child" title="International Day of the Girl Child">Girl's Day</a> and <a href="/wiki/International_Women%27s_Day" title="International Women's Day">Women's Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_language_reform" title="Feminist language reform">Language reform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_capitalism" title="Feminist capitalism">Feminist capitalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender-blind" title="Gender-blind">Gender-blind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Likeability_trap" title="Likeability trap">Likeability trap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Male_privilege" title="Male privilege">Male privilege</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matriarchal_religion" title="Matriarchal religion">Matriarchal religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_and_media" title="Feminism and media">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Men_in_feminism" title="Men in feminism">Men in feminism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Misogyny" title="Misogyny">Misogyny</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Transmisogyny" title="Transmisogyny">Trans</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_views_on_the_Oedipus_complex" title="Feminist views on the Oedipus complex">Oedipus complex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antifeminism" title="Antifeminism">Opposition to feminism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pro-feminism" title="Pro-feminism">Pro-feminism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protofeminism" title="Protofeminism">Protofeminism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purplewashing" title="Purplewashing">Purplewashing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_and_racism" title="Feminism and racism">Racism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reproductive_justice" title="Reproductive justice">Reproductive justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_workers%27_rights" title="Sex workers' rights">Sex workers' rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_harassment" title="Sexual harassment">Sexual harassment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_objectification" title="Sexual objectification">Sexual objectification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Substantive_equality" title="Substantive equality">Substantive equality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toxic_masculinity" title="Toxic masculinity">Toxic masculinity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transmisogyny" title="Transmisogyny">Transmisogyny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triple_oppression" title="Triple oppression">Triple oppression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Violence_against_women" title="Violence against women">Violence against women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_on_women" title="War on women">War on women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_empowerment" title="Women's empowerment">Women's empowerment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women-only_space" title="Women-only space">Women-only space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_health" title="Women's health"><span class="wrap">Women's health</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_rights" title="Women's rights">Women's rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_the_workforce" title="Women in the workforce">Women in the workforce</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content-with-subgroup plainlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Outlooks</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table class="sidebar-subgroup"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist" style="padding-top:0.15em;"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bicycling_and_feminism" title="Bicycling and feminism">Bicycling and feminism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_marriage" title="Criticism of marriage">Criticism of marriage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_views_on_BDSM" title="Feminist views on BDSM">Views on BDSM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_views_on_pornography" title="Feminist views on pornography">Views on pornography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_views_on_the_sex_industry" title="Feminist views on the sex industry">Views on prostitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_views_on_sexuality" title="Feminist views on sexuality">Views on sexual orientation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_views_on_sexuality" title="Feminist views on sexuality">Views on sexuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_views_on_transgender_topics" title="Feminist views on transgender topics">Views on transgender topics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SCUM_Manifesto" title="SCUM Manifesto">SCUM Manifesto</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content-with-subgroup plainlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Feminist_theory" title="Feminist theory">Theory</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table class="sidebar-subgroup"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist" style="padding-top:0.15em;"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_method" title="Feminist method">Feminist method</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_studies" title="Gender studies">Gender studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_mainstreaming" title="Gender mainstreaming">Gender mainstreaming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gynocentrism" title="Gynocentrism">Gynocentrism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyriarchy" title="Kyriarchy">Kyriarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Male_gaze" title="Male gaze">Male gaze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matriarchy" title="Matriarchy">Matriarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_studies" title="Women's studies">Women's studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Men%27s_studies" title="Men's studies">Men's studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patriarchy" title="Patriarchy">Patriarchy</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/%C3%89criture_f%C3%A9minine" title="Écriture féminine">Écriture féminine</a></i></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="padding-top:0.4em;font-style:italic;font-weight:normal;border-bottom:1px solid #ccc;"> Areas of study</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist" style="padding-top:0.15em;"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_anthropology" title="Feminist anthropology">Anthropology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_archaeology" title="Feminist archaeology">Archaeology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_and_modern_architecture" title="Feminism and modern architecture">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_art" title="Feminist art">Art</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_art_criticism" title="Feminist art criticism">Art criticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_literary_criticism" title="Feminist literary criticism">Literary criticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_film_theory" title="Feminist film theory">Film theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_science_fiction" title="Feminist science fiction">Science fiction</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_biology" title="Feminist biology">Biology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_theory_in_composition_studies" title="Feminist theory in composition studies">Composition studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_school_of_criminology" title="Feminist school of criminology">Criminology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_pathways_perspective" title="Feminist pathways perspective">Pathways perspective</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_economics" title="Feminist economics">Economics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_post-structuralist_discourse_analysis" title="Feminist post-structuralist discourse analysis">FDPA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_geography" title="Feminist geography">Geography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_international_relations" title="Feminism in international relations">International relations</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_constructivism" title="Feminist constructivism">Constructivism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_legal_theory" title="Feminist legal theory">Legal theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_pedagogy" title="Feminist pedagogy">Pedagogy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_philosophy" title="Feminist philosophy">Philosophy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_aesthetics" title="Feminist aesthetics">Aesthetics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_empiricism" title="Feminist empiricism">Empiricism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_epistemology" title="Feminist epistemology">Epistemology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_ethics" title="Feminist ethics">Ethics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_justice_ethics" title="Feminist justice ethics">Justice ethics</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_existentialism" title="Feminist existentialism">Existentialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_metaphysics" title="Feminist metaphysics">Metaphysics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_philosophy_of_science" title="Feminist philosophy of science">science</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_political_ecology" title="Feminist political ecology">Political ecology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_political_theory" title="Feminist political theory">Political theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_pornography" title="Feminist pornography">Pornography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_psychology" title="Feminist psychology">Psychology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_therapy" title="Feminist therapy">Therapy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_revisionist_mythology" title="Feminist revisionist mythology">Revisionist mythology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_sex_wars" title="Feminist sex wars">Sex wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_sexology" title="Feminist sexology">Sexology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_sociology" title="Feminist sociology">Sociology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_technoscience" title="Feminist technoscience">Technoscience</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_theology" title="Feminist theology">Theology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Womanist_theology" title="Womanist theology">womanist theology</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">By continent/country</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_feminism" title="African feminism">Africa</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" class="mw-redirect" title="Feminism in the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_Egypt" title="Feminism in Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_Ethiopia" class="mw-redirect" title="Feminism in Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_Ghana" class="mw-redirect" title="Feminism in Ghana">Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_Mali" class="mw-redirect" title="Feminism in Mali">Mali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_Nigeria" class="mw-redirect" title="Feminism in Nigeria">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_Senegal" title="Feminism in Senegal">Senegal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_South_Africa" title="Feminism in South Africa">South Africa</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_Albania" class="mw-redirect" title="Feminism in Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_Australia" title="Feminism in Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_Bangladesh" title="Feminism in Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_Canada" title="Feminism in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_China" title="Feminism in China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Denmark" title="Women in Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_Finland" class="mw-redirect" title="Feminism in Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_France" title="Feminism in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_Germany" title="Feminism in Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_Greece" title="Feminism in Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_Hong_Kong" class="mw-redirect" title="Feminism in Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_India" title="Feminism in India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_Indonesia" title="Feminism in Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_Iran" class="mw-redirect" title="Feminism in Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_Iraq" class="mw-redirect" title="Feminism in Iraq">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Feminism in the Republic of Ireland">Republic of Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_Israel" title="Feminism in Israel">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_Italy" title="Feminism in Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_Japan" title="Feminism in Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_Latin_America" title="Feminism in Latin America">Latin America</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_Argentina" title="Feminism in Argentina">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_Brazil" title="Feminism in Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_Chile" title="Feminism in Chile">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_Haiti" class="mw-redirect" title="Feminism in Haiti">Haiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_Honduras" class="mw-redirect" title="Feminism in Honduras">Honduras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_Mexico" title="Feminism in Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_Paraguay" class="mw-redirect" title="Feminism in Paraguay">Paraguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Trinidad_and_Tobago" title="Women in Trinidad and Tobago">Trinidad and Tobago</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Lebanon" title="Women in Lebanon">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_Malaysia" title="Feminism in Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_Nepal" title="Feminism in Nepal">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_the_Netherlands" title="Feminism in the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_New_Zealand" title="Feminism in New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_Northern_Cyprus" class="mw-redirect" title="Feminism in Northern Cyprus">Northern Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_Norway" title="Feminism in Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_Pakistan" title="Feminism in Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_the_Philippines" class="mw-redirect" title="Feminism in the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_Poland" title="Feminism in Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_Russia" title="Feminism in Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_Saudi_Arabia" title="Feminism in Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_South_Korea" title="Feminism in South Korea">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_Sweden" title="Feminism in Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Syria" title="Women in Syria">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_Taiwan" title="Feminism in Taiwan">Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_Thailand" title="Feminism in Thailand">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_Turkey" class="mw-redirect" title="Feminism in Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Vietnam" title="Women in Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Ukraine" title="Women in Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Feminism in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_the_United_States" title="Feminism in the United States">United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_women_in_the_United_States" title="History of women in the United States">History of women</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content-with-subgroup plainlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Lists and categories</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table class="sidebar-subgroup"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="padding-top:0.4em;font-style:italic;font-weight:normal;border-bottom:1px solid #ccc;"> Lists</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist" style="padding-top:0.15em;"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_feminism_articles" title="Index of feminism articles">Articles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_feminists" title="List of feminists">Feminists</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Feminists_by_nationality" title="Category:Feminists by nationality">by nationality</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_feminist_literature" title="List of feminist literature">Literature</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_American_feminist_literature" title="List of American feminist literature">American feminist literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_feminist_comic_books" title="List of feminist comic books">Feminist comic books</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_feminist_anthems" title="List of feminist anthems">Feminist songs</a></li></ul> </div> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Conservative feminisms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ecofeminist_authors" title="List of ecofeminist authors">Ecofeminist authors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_feminist_art_critics" title="List of feminist art critics">Feminist art critics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_feminist_economists" title="List of feminist economists">Feminist economists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_feminist_philosophers" title="List of feminist philosophers">Feminist philosophers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_feminist_poets" title="List of feminist poets">Feminist poets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_feminist_rhetoricians" title="List of feminist rhetoricians">Feminist rhetoricians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Jewish_feminists" title="List of Jewish feminists">Jewish feminists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Muslim_feminists" title="List of Muslim feminists">Muslim feminists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_feminist_parties" title="List of feminist parties">Feminist parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_suffragists_and_suffragettes" title="List of suffragists and suffragettes">Suffragists and suffragettes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_women%27s_rights_activists" title="List of women's rights activists">Women's rights activists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_women%27s_studies_journals" title="List of women's studies journals">Women's studies journals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_suffrage_organizations" class="mw-redirect" title="Women's suffrage organizations">Women's suffrage organizations</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="padding-top:0.4em;font-style:italic;font-weight:normal;border-bottom:1px solid #ccc;"> Categories</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist" style="padding-top:0.15em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Women%27s_rights_by_country" title="Category:Women's rights by country">Women's rights by country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Feminists_by_nationality" title="Category:Feminists by nationality">Feminists by nationality</a></li></ul></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Feminism_symbol.svg/28px-Feminism_symbol.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Feminism_symbol.svg/42px-Feminism_symbol.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Feminism_symbol.svg/56px-Feminism_symbol.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Feminism" title="Portal:Feminism">Feminism portal</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output 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navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Feminism_sidebar" title="Template:Feminism sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Feminism_sidebar" title="Template talk:Feminism sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Feminism_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Feminism sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks" style="border: 4px double #154E9D; border-spacing:0.2em 0;color: var(--color-base, #000);"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Conservatism" title="Category:Conservatism">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/Conservatism" title="Conservatism">Conservatism</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image" style="padding-top:0.6em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Political_colour#Blue" title="Political colour"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Blue_flag_waving.svg/75px-Blue_flag_waving.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="81" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Blue_flag_waving.svg/113px-Blue_flag_waving.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Blue_flag_waving.svg/150px-Blue_flag_waving.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="249" data-file-height="268" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #36c; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Variants</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Authoritarian_conservatism" title="Authoritarian conservatism">Authoritarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_corporatism" title="Conservative corporatism">Corporatist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_conservatism" title="Cultural conservatism">Cultural</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiscal_conservatism" title="Fiscal conservatism">Fiscal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_conservatism" title="Green conservatism">Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_conservatism" title="Liberal conservatism">Liberal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_conservatism" title="Libertarian conservatism">Libertarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moderate_conservatism" title="Moderate conservatism">Moderate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_conservatism" title="National conservatism">National</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paternalistic_conservatism" title="Paternalistic conservatism">Paternalistic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right-wing_populism" title="Right-wing populism">Populist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pragmatic_conservatism" title="Pragmatic conservatism">Pragmatic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_conservatism" title="Progressive conservatism">Progressive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reactionism" class="mw-redirect" title="Reactionism">Reactionary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_conservatism" class="mw-redirect" title="Religious conservatism">Religious</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_conservatism" title="Social conservatism">Social</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditionalist_conservatism" title="Traditionalist conservatism">Traditionalist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultraconservatism" title="Ultraconservatism">Ultra</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #36c; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Principles</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Veneration_of_the_dead" title="Veneration of the dead">Ancestral worship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Authority" title="Authority">Authority</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_authority" title="Traditional authority">Traditional</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Class_collaboration" title="Class collaboration">Class collaboration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collective_identity" title="Collective identity">Collective identity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_heritage" title="Cultural heritage">Cultural heritage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Value_(ethics_and_social_sciences)#Cultural_values" title="Value (ethics and social sciences)">Cultural values</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_life" title="Culture of life">Culture of life</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-abortion_movements" title="Anti-abortion movements">Pro-Life</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discipline" title="Discipline">Discipline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duty" title="Duty">Duty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elitism" title="Elitism">Elitism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aristocracy" title="Aristocracy">Aristocracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meritocracy" title="Meritocracy">Meritocracy</a></li> <li><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Noblesse_oblige" title="Noblesse oblige">Noblesse oblige</a></i></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sittlichkeit" title="Sittlichkeit">Ethical order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Familialism" title="Familialism">Familialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Family_as_a_model_for_the_state" title="Family as a model for the state">Family as a state model</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Family_values" title="Family values">Family values</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fundamentalism" title="Fundamentalism">Fundamentalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_roles" class="mw-redirect" title="Gender roles">Gender roles</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Complementarianism" title="Complementarianism">Complementarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_essentialism" title="Gender essentialism">Essentialism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historism" title="Historism">Historism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honour" title="Honour">Honour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperialism" title="Imperialism">Imperialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_and_order_(politics)" title="Law and order (politics)">Law and order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loyalty" title="Loyalty">Loyalty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maternalism" title="Maternalism">Maternalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchism" title="Monarchism">Monarchism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Royalist" title="Royalist">Royalism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moral_absolutism" title="Moral absolutism">Moral absolutism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natalism#Politics" title="Natalism">Natalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationalism" title="Nationalism">Nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_law" title="Natural law">Natural law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_norm" title="Social norm">Norms</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Customary_law" title="Customary law">Customs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mores" title="Mores">Mores</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ordered_liberty" title="Ordered liberty">Ordered liberty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organicism#In_politics_and_sociology" title="Organicism">Organicism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organised_religion" class="mw-redirect" title="Organised religion">Organised religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orthodoxy" title="Orthodoxy">Orthodoxy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patriotism" title="Patriotism">Patriotism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peace_through_strength" title="Peace through strength">Peace through strength</a></li> <li> <a href="/wiki/Property_rights" class="mw-redirect" title="Property rights">Property rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_morality" title="Public morality">Public morality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rule_of_law" title="Rule of law">Rule of law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_stratification" title="Social stratification">Social hierarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institution" title="Institution">Social institutions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_order" title="Social order">Social order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sovereignty" title="Sovereignty">Sovereignty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_religion" title="State religion">State religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stewardship_(theology)" title="Stewardship (theology)">Stewardship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subsidiarity" title="Subsidiarity">Subsidiarity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tradition" title="Tradition">Tradition</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #36c; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Intellectuals</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Johnson" title="Samuel Johnson">Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Hume" title="David Hume">Hume</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmund_Burke" title="Edmund Burke">Burke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hannah_More" title="Hannah More">More</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_de_Maistre" title="Joseph de Maistre">Maistre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_de_Bonald" title="Louis de Bonald">Bonald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois-Ren%C3%A9_de_Chateaubriand" title="François-René de Chateaubriand">Chateaubriand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_Jerzy_Czartoryski" title="Adam Jerzy Czartoryski">Czartoryski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Taylor_Coleridge" title="Samuel Taylor Coleridge">Coleridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikolay_Karamzin" title="Nikolay Karamzin">Karamzin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Carl_von_Savigny" title="Friedrich Carl von Savigny">Savigny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Carlyle" title="Thomas Carlyle">Carlyle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leopold_von_Ranke" title="Leopold von Ranke">Ranke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Henry_Newman" title="John Henry Newman">Newman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexis_de_Tocqueville" title="Alexis de Tocqueville">Tocqueville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fyodor_Dostoevsky" title="Fyodor Dostoevsky">Dostoevsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hippolyte_Taine" title="Hippolyte Taine">Taine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gustave_Le_Bon" title="Gustave Le Bon">Le Bon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Nordau" title="Max Nordau">Nordau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hilaire_Belloc" title="Hilaire Belloc">Belloc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicolae_Iorga" title="Nicolae Iorga">Iorga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G._K._Chesterton" title="G. K. Chesterton">Chesterton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oswald_Spengler" title="Oswald Spengler">Spengler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ze%27ev_Jabotinsky" title="Ze'ev Jabotinsky">Jabotinsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivan_Ilyin" title="Ivan Ilyin">Ilyin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vinayak_Damodar_Savarkar" title="Vinayak Damodar Savarkar">Savarkar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Schmitt" title="Carl Schmitt">Schmitt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T._S._Eliot" title="T. S. Eliot">Eliot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Mannheim" title="Karl Mannheim">Mannheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernst_J%C3%BCnger" title="Ernst Jünger">Jünger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julius_Evola" title="Julius Evola">Evola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leo_Strauss" title="Leo Strauss">Strauss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_R%C3%B6pke" title="Wilhelm Röpke">Röpke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilberto_Freyre" title="Gilberto Freyre">Freyre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_Voegelin" title="Eric Voegelin">Voegelin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Oakeshott" title="Michael Oakeshott">Oakeshott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Burnham" title="James Burnham">Burnham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcel_Lefebvre" title="Marcel Lefebvre">Lefebvre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sayyid_Qutb" title="Sayyid Qutb">Qutb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erik_von_Kuehnelt-Leddihn" title="Erik von Kuehnelt-Leddihn">Kuehnelt-Leddihn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicol%C3%A1s_G%C3%B3mez_D%C3%A1vila" title="Nicolás Gómez Dávila">Gómez Dávila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russell_Kirk" title="Russell Kirk">Kirk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleksandr_Solzhenitsyn" title="Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn">Solzhenitsyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reinhart_Koselleck" title="Reinhart Koselleck">Koselleck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yukio_Mishima" title="Yukio Mishima">Mishima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_F._Buckley_Jr." title="William F. Buckley Jr.">Buckley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Sowell" title="Thomas Sowell">Sowell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harvey_Mansfield" title="Harvey Mansfield">Mansfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Scruton" title="Roger Scruton">Scruton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordan_Peterson" title="Jordan Peterson">Peterson</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #36c; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Politicians</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Adams" title="John Adams">Adams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Pitt_the_Younger" title="William Pitt the Younger">Pitt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Canning" title="George Canning">Canning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klemens_von_Metternich" title="Klemens von Metternich">Metternich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Disraeli" title="Benjamin Disraeli">Disraeli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_von_Bismarck" title="Otto von Bismarck">Bismarck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Gascoyne-Cecil,_3rd_Marquess_of_Salisbury" title="Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury">Salisbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Dmowski" title="Roman Dmowski">Dmowski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Gustaf_Emil_Mannerheim" title="Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim">Mannerheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Baldwin" title="Stanley Baldwin">Baldwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Maurras" title="Charles Maurras">Maurras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikl%C3%B3s_Horthy" title="Miklós Horthy">Horthy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ioannis_Metaxas" title="Ioannis Metaxas">Metaxas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill">Churchill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konrad_Adenauer" title="Konrad Adenauer">Adenauer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcide_De_Gasperi" title="Alcide De Gasperi">De Gasperi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chiang_Kai-shek" title="Chiang Kai-shek">Chiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ant%C3%B3nio_de_Oliveira_Salazar" title="António de Oliveira Salazar">Salazar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_de_Gaulle" title="Charles de Gaulle">De Gaulle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Engelbert_Dollfuss" title="Engelbert Dollfuss">Dollfuss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Franco" title="Francisco Franco">Franco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruhollah_Khomeini" title="Ruhollah Khomeini">Khomeini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Reagan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enoch_Powell" title="Enoch Powell">Powell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augusto_Pinochet" title="Augusto Pinochet">Pinochet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Marcos" title="Ferdinand Marcos">Marcos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Park_Chung_Hee" title="Park Chung Hee">Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ian_Smith" title="Ian Smith">Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Reza_Pahlavi" title="Mohammad Reza Pahlavi">Reza Shah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suharto" title="Suharto">Suharto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lee_Kuan_Yew" title="Lee Kuan Yew">Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Zia-ul-Haq" title="Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq">Zia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atal_Bihari_Vajpayee" title="Atal Bihari Vajpayee">Vajpayee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Thatcher" title="Margaret Thatcher">Thatcher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helmut_Kohl" title="Helmut Kohl">Kohl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alberto_Fujimori" title="Alberto Fujimori">Fujimori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Trump</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaros%C5%82aw_Kaczy%C5%84ski" title="Jarosław Kaczyński">Kaczyński</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Netanyahu" title="Benjamin Netanyahu">Netanyahu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narendra_Modi" title="Narendra Modi">Modi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Putin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shinzo_Abe" title="Shinzo Abe">Abe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jair_Bolsonaro" title="Jair Bolsonaro">Bolsonaro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viktor_Orb%C3%A1n" title="Viktor Orbán">Orbán</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giorgia_Meloni" title="Giorgia Meloni">Meloni</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #36c; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Religion</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_democracy" title="Christian democracy">Christian democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_right" title="Christian right">Christian right</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confucianism" title="Confucianism">Confucianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindutva" title="Hindutva">Hindutva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamism" title="Islamism">Islamism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_conservatism" title="Jewish conservatism">Jewish conservatism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religious_Zionism" title="Religious Zionism">Religious Zionism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theravada" title="Theravada">Theravada Buddhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditionalist_Catholicism" title="Traditionalist Catholicism">Traditionalist Catholicism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Integralism" title="Integralism">Integralism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultramontanism" title="Ultramontanism">Ultramontanism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditionalist_School_(perennialism)" class="mw-redirect" title="Traditionalist School (perennialism)">Traditionalist School</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #36c; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Personal variants</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Berlusconism" title="Berlusconism">Berlusconism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nayib_Bukele#Political_views" title="Nayib Bukele">Bukelism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_David_Cameron" title="Political positions of David Cameron">Cameronism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chiangism" title="Chiangism">Chiangism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erdo%C4%9Fanism" title="Erdoğanism">Erdoğanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francoism" class="mw-redirect" title="Francoism">Francoism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fujimorism" title="Fujimorism">Fujimorism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaullism" title="Gaullism">Gaullism</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Janismo" title="Janismo">Janismo</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Maurrassisme" title="Maurrassisme">Maurrassisme</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mellismo" title="Mellismo">Mellismo</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metaxism" title="Metaxism">Metaxism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Powellism" title="Powellism">Powellism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinochetism" title="Pinochetism">Pinochetism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Putinism" title="Putinism">Putinism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qutbism" title="Qutbism">Qutbism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Khomeinism" title="Khomeinism">Khomeinism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reaganism" class="mw-redirect" title="Reaganism">Reaganism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarkozysm" title="Sarkozysm">Sarkozysm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thatcherism" title="Thatcherism">Thatcherism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trumpism" title="Trumpism">Trumpism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ziaism" title="Ziaism">Ziaism</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #36c; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">National variants</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_Australia" title="Conservatism in Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism#Austria" title="Conservatism">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_Bangladesh" title="Conservatism in Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism#Belgium" title="Conservatism">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_North_America#Belize" title="Conservatism in North America">Belize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_Brazil" title="Conservatism in Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_Canada" title="Conservatism in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism#Chile" title="Conservatism">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism#China" title="Conservatism">China</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_Hong_Kong" title="Conservatism in Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_Taiwan" class="mw-redirect" title="Conservatism in Taiwan">Taiwan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_Colombia" title="Conservatism in Colombia">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_North_America#Cuba" title="Conservatism in North America">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism#Denmark" title="Conservatism">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism#Finland" title="Conservatism">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_France" title="Conservatism in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_Germany" title="Conservatism in Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism#Greece" title="Conservatism">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_North_America#Guatemala" title="Conservatism in North America">Guatemala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism#Hungary" title="Conservatism">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism#Iceland" title="Conservatism">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_India" title="Conservatism in India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism#Iran" title="Conservatism">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_Israel" title="Conservatism in Israel">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_Italy" title="Conservatism in Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_Japan" title="Conservatism in Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism#Luxembourg" title="Conservatism">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_Malaysia" title="Conservatism in Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_North_America#Mexico" title="Conservatism in North America">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism#Netherlands" title="Conservatism">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historic_conservatism_in_New_Zealand" title="Historic conservatism in New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism#Norway" title="Conservatism">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_Pakistan" title="Conservatism in Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_North_America#Panama" title="Conservatism in North America">Panama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_Peru" title="Conservatism in Peru">Peru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism#Poland" title="Conservatism">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_Russia" title="Conservatism in Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_Serbia" title="Conservatism in Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism#Singapore" title="Conservatism">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_Sweden" title="Conservatism in Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism#Switzerland" title="Conservatism">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_South_Korea" title="Conservatism in South Korea">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_Turkey" title="Conservatism in Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism#Ukraine" title="Conservatism">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Conservatism in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_the_United_States" title="Conservatism in the United States">United States</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #36c; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Related ideologies</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agrarianism" title="Agrarianism">Agrarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clerical_fascism" title="Clerical fascism">Clerical fascism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communitarianism" title="Communitarianism">Communitarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_liberalism" title="Conservative liberalism">Conservative liberalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corporatism" title="Corporatism">Corporatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ordoliberalism" title="Ordoliberalism">Ordoliberalism</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #36c; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Related topics</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="border-bottom:none;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-communism" title="Anti-communism">Anti-communism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/White_Terror_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="White Terror (disambiguation)">White Terror</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-gender_movement" title="Anti-gender movement">Anti-gender movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-immigration" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-immigration">Anti-immigration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_conservatism" title="Black conservatism">Black conservatism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_conservatism_in_the_United_States" title="Black conservatism in the United States">United States</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_social_teaching" title="Catholic social teaching">Catholic social teaching</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Conservative feminism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_wave" title="Conservative wave">Conservative wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_and_conservatism_in_Latin_America" title="Liberalism and conservatism in Latin America">Hispanic conservatism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hispanic_and_Latino_conservatism_in_the_United_States" title="Hispanic and Latino conservatism in the United States">in United States</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_conservatism" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT conservatism">LGBT conservatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Conservatism_Conference" title="National Conservatism Conference">NatCon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nativism_(politics)" title="Nativism (politics)">Nativism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Para-fascism" title="Para-fascism">Para-fascism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patriarchy" title="Patriarchy">Patriarchy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Patriarchalism" title="Patriarchalism">Patriarchalism</a></li></ul></li> <li>Radical right <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Radical_right_(Europe)" title="Radical right (Europe)">Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radical_right_(United_States)" title="Radical right (United States)">US</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_realism" title="Right realism">Right realism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right-wing_politics" title="Right-wing politics">Right-wing politics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Right-wing_authoritarianism" title="Right-wing authoritarianism">Authoritarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Far-right_politics" title="Far-right politics">Far</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Right" title="New Right">New</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Small-c_conservative" title="Small-c conservative">Small-c conservative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toryism" class="mw-redirect" title="Toryism">Toryism</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below plainlist" style="padding-bottom:0.22em; border-top:1px solid #36c; border-bottom:1px solid #36c; font-weight:bold"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg/15px-DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg/22px-DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg/30px-DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="249" data-file-height="268" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Conservatism" title="Portal:Conservatism">Conservatism portal</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:A_coloured_voting_box.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/16px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/24px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/32px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Politics" title="Portal:Politics">Politics portal</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Conservatism_sidebar" title="Template:Conservatism sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Conservatism_sidebar" title="Template talk:Conservatism sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Conservatism_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Conservatism sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Some variants of <a href="/wiki/Feminism" title="Feminism">feminism</a> are considered more <a href="/wiki/Conservatism" title="Conservatism">conservative</a> than others.<sup id="cite_ref-KatherineKersten-WhatWant_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KatherineKersten-WhatWant-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Historically feminist scholars tend to not have much interest in conservative women but in recent years there have been efforts at greater scholarly analysis of these women and their views.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Because almost any variant of feminism can have a conservative element, this list does not attempt to list variants of feminism simply with conservative elements. Instead, this list is of feminism variants that are primarily conservative. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="List">List</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Conservative_variants_of_feminism&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: List"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>This list may include organizations or individuals where conservative variants of feminism are more readily identified that way, but is primarily a list of variants <i>per se</i>. Generally, organizations and people related to a particular variant of feminism should not be included in this list but should be found by following links to articles about the variants of feminism with which such organizations and people are associated. </p> <ul><li><b>Conservative feminism</b> (in addition to various variants of feminism in this list that are conservative): <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Katherine_Kersten" title="Katherine Kersten">Katherine Kersten</a> objects "that in many of their endeavors women continue to face greater obstacles to their success than men do",<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> thus acknowledging that <a href="/wiki/Sexism" title="Sexism">sexism</a> exists,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDillard200525–26_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDillard200525–26-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and does not reject feminism entirely but draws on a classical feminist tradition, for example <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Fuller" title="Margaret Fuller">Margaret Fuller</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDillard200526–27_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDillard200526–27-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kersten advocates for conservative feminism based on equality and justice defined alike for women and men and acknowledgment of historical and present injustice suffered by women.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDillard200526_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDillard200526-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She also advocates building on Western ideals and institutions, with reform pursued slowly and cautiously and accepting that human failings mean that perfection is unattainable.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDillard200526_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDillard200526-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Her concerns include crime and violence against women, cultural popular media's degradation of women, noncommittal sex, and poverty's feminization,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDillard200526_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDillard200526-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but opposing affirmative action and class action litigation.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDillard200527_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDillard200527-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarah_Palin" title="Sarah Palin">Sarah Palin</a> "made her case for conservative feminism" in 2010, at a meeting of the <a href="/wiki/Susan_B._Anthony_List" class="mw-redirect" title="Susan B. Anthony List">Susan B. Anthony List</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFeldmann2010_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFeldmann2010-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Posner" title="Richard Posner">Richard A. Posner</a> "suggest[s]" "'conservative feminism' .... is ... the idea that women are entitled to political, legal, social, and economic equality to men, in the framework of a lightly regulated market economy."<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Posner tentatively argues for taxing housewives' at-home <a href="/wiki/Unpaid_work" title="Unpaid work">unpaid work</a> to reduce a barrier to paid outside work<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (argued by D. Kelly Weisberg to be rooted in a <a href="/wiki/Marxist_feminism" title="Marxist feminism">Marxist feminist</a> argument for <a href="/wiki/Wages_for_housework" title="Wages for housework">waged housework</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWeisberg19937_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWeisberg19937-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and argues for sex being a factor in setting wages and benefits in accordance with productivity, health costs with pregnancy, on-the-job safety, and longevity for pensions.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPosner1989195–197_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPosner1989195–197-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Posner is against <a href="/wiki/Equal_pay_for_women" class="mw-redirect" title="Equal pay for women">comparable worth</a> among private employers,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPosner1989202–203_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPosner1989202–203-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> against <a href="/wiki/No-fault_divorce" title="No-fault divorce">no-fault divorce</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPosner1989204_n.22_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPosner1989204_n.22-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in favour of surrogate motherhood by binding contract,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPosner1989205–206_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPosner1989205–206-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> against rape even in the form of nonviolent sex,<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and for a possibility that pornography may either incite rape or substitute for it.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPosner1989207_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPosner1989207-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Posner does not argue for or against an abortion right, arguing instead for a possibility but not a certainty that the fetus is "a member of society"<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPosner1989207–209_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPosner1989207–209-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> because libertarianism and economics do not say one way or the other.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Posner argues that the differences between the genders on average include women's lesser aggressiveness and greater child-centeredness<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPosner1989215_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPosner1989215-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and has "no quarrel" with law being empathetic to "all marginal groups."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPosner1989217_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPosner1989217-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Maternal_feminism" title="Maternal feminism">Maternal feminism</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Equity_feminism" title="Equity feminism">Equity feminism</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Individualist_feminism" title="Individualist feminism">Individualist feminism</a></b> was cast to appeal to "younger women ... of a more conservative generation"<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESiegel2007122–124,_nn.32–34_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESiegel2007122–124,_nn.32–34-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and includes concepts from <a href="/wiki/Rene_Denfeld" title="Rene Denfeld">Rene Denfeld</a> and <a href="/wiki/Naomi_Wolf" title="Naomi Wolf">Naomi Wolf</a>, essentially that "feminism should no longer be about communal solutions to communal problems but individual solutions to individual problems,"<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESiegel2007122–124,_nn.32–34_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESiegel2007122–124,_nn.32–34-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and concepts from <a href="/wiki/Wendy_McElroy" title="Wendy McElroy">Wendy McElroy</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Evangelicalism" title="Evangelicalism">Evangelical Protestant Christian</a> Profeminism</b>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>"Karen .... articulates the Evangelical [Protestant] profeminist position particularly well. Like profeminist Catholics and Jews, she feels that the <a href="/wiki/Women%27s_liberation_movement" title="Women's liberation movement">women's liberation movement</a> was a necessary response to the oppression of women. She praises the achievements of feminism in society as well as in Evangelical communities and insists that sexism persists and that further changes are necessary. Yet Karen, too, criticizes the movement for seeking to eliminate gender differences, devaluing motherhood and homemaking, and being led by extremists who do not represent ordinary American women, particularly with respect to the issues of homosexuality and abortion. Her comments on the latter two issues ... resemble ... closely the statements made by antifeminist Evangelicals."</p></blockquote><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEManning1999190_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEManning1999190-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The <b><a href="/wiki/National_Woman%27s_Party" title="National Woman's Party">National Woman's Party</a></b> in the U.S. was led by <a href="/wiki/Alice_Paul" title="Alice Paul">Alice Paul</a>, described as "[articulating a] narrow and conservative version of feminism."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEchols198912_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEchols198912-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/New_feminism" title="New feminism">New Catholic feminism</a></b>, embraced by conservative Catholic women as a form of reconciling their struggle for equality with the Church's official teachings on women. Influenced by <a href="/wiki/Personalism" title="Personalism">Personalism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Phenomenology_(philosophy)" title="Phenomenology (philosophy)">Phenomenology</a>, as well as Pope John Paul II's <i><a href="/wiki/Mulieris_dignitatem" title="Mulieris dignitatem">Mulieris dignitatem</a></i>, this school is represented by historian <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Fox-Genovese" title="Elizabeth Fox-Genovese">Elizabeth Fox-Genovese</a>, theologians <a href="/wiki/Alice_von_Hildebrand" title="Alice von Hildebrand">Alice Von Hildebrand</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prudence_Allen" title="Prudence Allen">Prudence Allen</a> and Robert Stackpole, journalist <a href="/w/index.php?title=Colleen_Carroll_Campbell&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Colleen Carroll Campbell (page does not exist)">Colleen Carroll Campbell</a>, among others.</li> <li><b>New conservative feminism</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStacey1983559_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStacey1983559-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or <b>backlash feminism</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>e<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is arguably antifeminist<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStacey1983574_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStacey1983574-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and is represented by <a href="/wiki/Betty_Friedan" title="Betty Friedan">Betty Friedan</a> in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Second_Stage" title="The Second Stage">The Second Stage</a></i> and <a href="/wiki/Jean_Bethke_Elshtain" title="Jean Bethke Elshtain">Jean Bethke Elshtain</a> in <i>Public Man, Private Woman</i> and anticipated by Alice Rossi, <i>A Biosocial Perspective on Parenting</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These authors do not necessarily agree with each other on all major points.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStacey1983562,_567–568_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStacey1983562,_567–568-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to Judith Stacey, new conservative feminism rejects the politicization of sexuality, supports families, gender differentiation, femininity, and mothering, and deprioritizes opposition to male domination.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStacey1983561–562_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStacey1983561–562-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>Old conservative feminism</b> or <b>domestic feminism</b>, from the 19th century<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Postfeminism" title="Postfeminism">Postfeminism</a></b></li> <li><b>Right-wing feminism</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBailey2006173_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBailey2006173-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or <b>balanced feminism</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBailey2006175_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBailey2006175-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> includes the work of <a href="/wiki/Independent_Women%27s_Forum" title="Independent Women's Forum">Independent Women's Forum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Feminists_for_Life" title="Feminists for Life">Feminists for Life of America</a>, and ifeminists.net headed by <a href="/wiki/Wendy_McElroy" title="Wendy McElroy">Wendy McElroy</a>. It generally draws on principles of <a href="/wiki/First-wave_feminism" title="First-wave feminism">first-wave feminism</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBailey2006177_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBailey2006177-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and against both <a href="/wiki/Postfeminism" title="Postfeminism">postfeminism</a> and academic or <a href="/wiki/Radical_feminism" title="Radical feminism">radical feminism</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBailey2006176_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBailey2006176-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the latter being defined to include left and progressive politics, not only feminism based on gender oppression.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBailey2006174_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBailey2006174-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Right-wing feminism supports both motherhood and women having careers<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBailey2006180–181_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBailey2006180–181-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and both individuality and <a href="/wiki/Biological_determinism" title="Biological determinism">biological determinism</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBailey2006181–182_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBailey2006181–182-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> it accepts gender equality in careers while believing that numerical equality will naturally not occur in all occupations.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBailey2006182_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBailey2006182-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/State_feminism" title="State feminism">State feminism</a></b> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Imperial_feminism" title="Imperial feminism">Imperial feminism</a></b></li></ul></li> <li>The <b><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_Equity_Action_League" title="Women's Equity Action League">Women's Equity Action League</a></b> (WEAL) was formed originally by some of the more conservative members of the <a href="/wiki/National_Organization_for_Women" title="National Organization for Women">National Organization for Women</a> (NOW) when NOW was viewed as radical.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECastro199062,_216–218_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECastro199062,_216–218-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESiegel200783_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESiegel200783-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The members who founded WEAL focused on employment and education, and shunned issues of contraception and abortion.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECastro199062,_216–218_48-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECastro199062,_216–218-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its founders called it a "'conservative NOW'".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESiegel200783_49-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESiegel200783-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its methods were "conventional", especially lobbying and lawsuits.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESiegel200783_49-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESiegel200783-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The departures from NOW left NOW freer to pursue <a href="/wiki/Reproductive_rights" title="Reproductive rights">reproductive freedom</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Equal_Rights_Amendment" title="Equal Rights Amendment">Equal Rights Amendment</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESiegel200783_49-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESiegel200783-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "[T]he fragmentation process, as organizations broke up and reformed, .... retained women within the movement who might otherwise have left it. This is what happened in the case of NOW, when it split up over internal divisions, and new feminism was nevertheless able to retain the most conservative elements through the formation of WEAL. At first, in fact, WEAL called itself the 'right wing of the women's movement.' Another NOW spinoff, Womansurge, tended to attract older women, who felt more comfortable in it than in NOW, which was becoming more politically radical under the influence of a new younger generation of militants."<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>, it is now common for prominent women in the <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)" title="Conservative Party (UK)">Conservative Party</a> to declare that they are feminists; this trend began with <a href="/wiki/Theresa_May" title="Theresa May">Theresa May</a> wearing a t-shirt by the <a href="/wiki/Fawcett_Society" title="Fawcett Society">Fawcett Society</a> emblazoned with the words 'This is What a Feminist Looks Like.' Today, British female Conservative Parliamentarians claim that they are feminists, and claim feminist justification, while advocating a range of policies, from equal career opportunities for women to, in the case of <a href="/wiki/Anna_Soubry" title="Anna Soubry">Anna Soubry</a> and others, opposing pornography. The Conservative MP <a href="/wiki/Nadine_Dorries" title="Nadine Dorries">Nadine Dorries</a> has even put forward a feminist argument for restricting abortion.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESwift2018_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESwift2018-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Conservative_variants_of_feminism&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg/26px-DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg/39px-DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg/52px-DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="249" data-file-height="268" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Conservatism" title="Portal:Conservatism">Conservatism portal</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Feminism_symbol.svg/28px-Feminism_symbol.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Feminism_symbol.svg/42px-Feminism_symbol.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Feminism_symbol.svg/56px-Feminism_symbol.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Feminism" title="Portal:Feminism">Feminism portal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_feminists" title="List of feminists">List of feminists</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Conservative_variants_of_feminism&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Adam_Smith" title="Adam Smith">Adam Smith</a>, pioneer of political economy and philosopher in the 18th century</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/John_Stuart_Mill" title="John Stuart Mill">John Stuart Mill</a>, philosopher and political economist in the 19th century</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Spencer" title="Herbert Spencer">Herbert Spencer</a>, political theorist and philosopher in the Victorian era</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Milton_Friedman" title="Milton Friedman">Milton Friedman</a>, economist in the 20th century</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">This is apparently not entirely the <a href="/wiki/Backlash:_The_Undeclared_War_Against_American_Women" title="Backlash: The Undeclared War Against American Women">backlash</a> written about by feminist author <a href="/wiki/Susan_Faludi" title="Susan Faludi">Susan Faludi</a>.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Conservative_variants_of_feminism&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-KatherineKersten-WhatWant-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-KatherineKersten-WhatWant_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFKersten1991" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Katherine_Kersten" title="Katherine Kersten">Kersten, Katherine</a> (Spring 1991). "What do women want? A conservative feminist manifesto". <i><a href="/wiki/Policy_Review" title="Policy Review">Policy Review</a></i> (56). The Heritage Foundation: 4–15. <q>If the conservative feminist becomes a mother, she accepts the need to make a host of sacrifices - personal, professional, and financial - for her children's sake. She expects her spouse to sacrifice as well, and decides together with him how each can best contribute to the family welfare. She believes that family roles are flexible: men can become primary caregivers, for example, while women can pursue full-time careers. But as she and her spouse make choices about family responsibilities, they take one thing as a given: their primary duty is to ensure their children's physical and emotional well-being, to promote their intellectual development, and to shape their moral characters.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Policy+Review&rft.atitle=What+do+women+want%3F+A+conservative+feminist+manifesto&rft.ssn=spring&rft.issue=56&rft.pages=4-15&rft.date=1991&rft.aulast=Kersten&rft.aufirst=Katherine&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+variants+of+feminism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYoung2010" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Cathy_Young" title="Cathy Young">Young, Cathy</a> (9 June 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.boston.com/bostonglobe/editorial_opinion/oped/articles/2010/06/09/right_to_be_feminist/">"Right to be feminist: a left-wing litmus test risks losing valuable allies for the women's movement"</a>. The Boston Globe<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 February</span> 2011</span>. <q>Yet the audience for a different kind of feminism – one that seeks individualistic and market-oriented solutions, rather than big-government-driven ones, and focuses on women's empowerment rather than oppression – is clearly there. The women who embrace it are likely to transform both feminism and conservatism. The feminist movement ignores them at its peril.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Right+to+be+feminist%3A+a+left-wing+litmus+test+risks+losing+valuable+allies+for+the+women%27s+movement&rft.date=2010-06-09&rft.aulast=Young&rft.aufirst=Cathy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.boston.com%2Fbostonglobe%2Feditorial_opinion%2Foped%2Farticles%2F2010%2F06%2F09%2Fright_to_be_feminist%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+variants+of+feminism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBradley2010" class="citation web cs1">Bradley, Allan (27 June 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://harvardpolitics.com/online/hprgument-blog/conservative-feminism-oxymoron/">"Conservative feminism: oxymoron?"</a>. HPRgument Blog. <i><a href="/wiki/Harvard_Political_Review" title="Harvard Political Review">Harvard Political Review</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 February</span> 2011</span>. <q>Internal contradictions aside, conservative feminism is not particularly new, and it is a mistake to call it an oxymoron. It is deeply religious, of course, and it views the anti-abortion fight as one of female empowerment. The argument is simply that as women – as the motherly and feminine forces guiding our nation's ethical compass – it is a feminine duty to defend life at its earliest stages. Women are empowered by the defense itself. This cultural theory may be out of date in Cambridge, Massachusetts, but it is at the heart of Palin's sizeable and passionate following. And it is, in its own way, a feminist argument.<br />[...]<br />My point is that the logic of conservative feminism is plain and obvious for anyone who cares to try to comprehend. It's not new or complicated, and it shouldn't be baffling. Therefore, it is a colossal mistake for Bennett to simply dismiss the self-described pro-life feminists as an oxymoron, because that's no way for her to argue her liberal position. Conservative feminism cannot be dismissively defined away.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Harvard+Political+Review&rft.atitle=Conservative+feminism%3A+oxymoron%3F&rft.date=2010-06-27&rft.aulast=Bradley&rft.aufirst=Allan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fharvardpolitics.com%2Fonline%2Fhprgument-blog%2Fconservative-feminism-oxymoron%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+variants+of+feminism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Power, Margaret. "More than mere pawns: Right-wing women in Chile." Journal of Women's History 16, no. 3 (2004): 138-151.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Guy-Meakin, Amelia. "Augusto Pinochet and the Support of Chilean Right-Wing Women." E-International Relations Students (2012).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Nielsen, Kim E. "Doing the" right" right." Journal of Women's History 16, no. 3 (2004): 168-172.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDillard2005">Dillard 2005</a>, p. 25 citing Kersten, Katherine, <i>What Do Women Want?: A Conservative Feminists Manifesto.</i>  [<i><a href="/wiki/Sic" title="Sic">sic</a></i>], in <i>Policy Review</i> (1991).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDillard200525–26-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDillard200525–26_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDillard2005">Dillard 2005</a>, pp. 25–26.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDillard200526–27-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDillard200526–27_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDillard2005">Dillard 2005</a>, pp. 26–27.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDillard200526-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDillard200526_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDillard200526_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDillard200526_10-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDillard2005">Dillard 2005</a>, p. 26.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDillard200527-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDillard200527_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDillard2005">Dillard 2005</a>, p. 27.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFeldmann2010-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFeldmann2010_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFeldmann2010">Feldmann 2010</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPosner1989">Posner 1989</a>, pp. 191–192 cited in <a href="#CITEREFWeisberg1993">Weisberg 1993</a>, p. 7</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPosner1989">Posner 1989</a>, pp. 192–194 and <a href="#CITEREFWeisberg1993">Weisberg 1993</a>, p. 7 (without the rationale about reducing a barrier).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWeisberg19937-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWeisberg19937_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWeisberg1993">Weisberg 1993</a>, p. 7.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPosner1989195–197-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPosner1989195–197_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPosner1989">Posner 1989</a>, pp. 195–197.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPosner1989202–203-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPosner1989202–203_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPosner1989">Posner 1989</a>, pp. 202–203.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPosner1989204_n.22-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPosner1989204_n.22_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPosner1989">Posner 1989</a>, p. 204 n.22.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPosner1989205–206-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPosner1989205–206_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPosner1989">Posner 1989</a>, pp. 205–206.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPosner1989">Posner 1989</a>, pp. 206–207; also see p. 203 (date and marital rape).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPosner1989207-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPosner1989207_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPosner1989">Posner 1989</a>, pp. 207.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPosner1989207–209-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPosner1989207–209_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPosner1989">Posner 1989</a>, pp. 207–209.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPosner1989">Posner 1989</a>, p. 208 (libertarians being "conservatives in the classical liberal tradition of Adam Smith, John Stuart Mill ..., Herbert Spencer ... and Milton Friedman", per <i>id.</i>, p. 191.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPosner1989215-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPosner1989215_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPosner1989">Posner 1989</a>, p. 215.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPosner1989217-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPosner1989217_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPosner1989">Posner 1989</a>, p. 217.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESiegel2007122–124,_nn.32–34-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESiegel2007122–124,_nn.32–34_30-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESiegel2007122–124,_nn.32–34_30-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSiegel2007">Siegel 2007</a>, pp. 122–124, nn.32–34.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEManning1999190-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEManning1999190_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFManning1999">Manning 1999</a>, p. 190.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEchols198912-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEchols198912_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEchols1989">Echols 1989</a>, p. 12.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStacey1983559-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStacey1983559_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFStacey1983">Stacey 1983</a>, p. 559.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStacey1983574-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStacey1983574_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFStacey1983">Stacey 1983</a>, p. 574.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rossi, Alice, <i>A Biosocial Perspective on Parenting</i>, in <i><a href="/wiki/Daedalus_(journal)" title="Daedalus (journal)">Daedalus</a></i> 106 (special issue on the family, Spring, 1977), as cited in <a href="#CITEREFStacey1983">Stacey 1983</a>, p. [559] n.3.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStacey1983562,_567–568-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStacey1983562,_567–568_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFStacey1983">Stacey 1983</a>, pp. 562, 567–568.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStacey1983561–562-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStacey1983561–562_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFStacey1983">Stacey 1983</a>, pp. 561–562.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFStacey1983">Stacey 1983</a>, pp. 575, n.53 citing, <i>e.g.</i>, Epstein, Barbara Leslie, <i>The Politics of Domesticity: Women, Evangelism, and Temperance in Nineteenth-Century America</i> (Middletown, Conn.: Wesleyan Univ. Press, 1981), Sklar, Kathryn Kish, <i><a href="/wiki/Catharine_Beecher" title="Catharine Beecher">Catharine Beecher</a>: A Study in American Domesticity</i> (New Haven: Yale Univ. Press, 1973), & DuBois, Ellen Carol, <i>Feminism and Suffrage: The Emergence of an Independent Women's Movement in America, 1848–1869</i> (Ithaca: Cornell Univ. Press, 1978).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBailey2006173-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBailey2006173_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBailey2006">Bailey 2006</a>, p. 173.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBailey2006175-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBailey2006175_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBailey2006">Bailey 2006</a>, p. 175.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBailey2006177-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBailey2006177_42-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBailey2006">Bailey 2006</a>, p. 177.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBailey2006176-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBailey2006176_43-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBailey2006">Bailey 2006</a>, p. 176.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBailey2006174-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBailey2006174_44-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBailey2006">Bailey 2006</a>, p. 174.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBailey2006180–181-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBailey2006180–181_45-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBailey2006">Bailey 2006</a>, pp. 180–181.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBailey2006181–182-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBailey2006181–182_46-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBailey2006">Bailey 2006</a>, pp. 181–182.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBailey2006182-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBailey2006182_47-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBailey2006">Bailey 2006</a>, p. 182.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECastro199062,_216–218-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECastro199062,_216–218_48-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECastro199062,_216–218_48-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCastro1990">Castro 1990</a>, pp. 62, 216–218.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESiegel200783-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESiegel200783_49-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESiegel200783_49-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESiegel200783_49-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESiegel200783_49-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSiegel2007">Siegel 2007</a>, p. 83.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSiegel2007">Siegel 2007</a>, p. 176 "new feminism" is probably the author's term not referring to the <a href="/wiki/New_feminism" title="New feminism">new feminism</a> related to Roman Catholicism but perhaps to <a href="/wiki/Second-wave_feminism" title="Second-wave feminism">second-wave feminism</a> generally) (fragmentation prob. referring to late 1960s–early 1970s in U.S.).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESwift2018-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESwift2018_51-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSwift2018">Swift 2018</a>.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Conservative_variants_of_feminism&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBailey2006" class="citation journal cs1">Bailey, Courtney (2006). "<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"Taking Back the Campus": Right-Wing Feminism as the "Middle Ground"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>". <i>Feminist Teacher</i>. <b>16</b> (3): 173–188. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/40535471">40535471</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Feminist+Teacher&rft.atitle=%22Taking+Back+the+Campus%22%3A+Right-Wing+Feminism+as+the+%22Middle+Ground%22&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=173-188&rft.date=2006&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F40535471%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Bailey&rft.aufirst=Courtney&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+variants+of+feminism" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCastro1990" class="citation book cs1">Castro, Ginette (1990) [First published 1984 in French]. <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/americanfeminism00castrich"><i>American Feminism: A Contemporary History</i></a></span>. Translated by Loverde-Bagwell, Elizabeth. <a href="/wiki/New_York_University_Press" title="New York University Press">New York University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8147-1448-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-8147-1448-X"><bdi>0-8147-1448-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=American+Feminism%3A+A+Contemporary+History&rft.pub=New+York+University+Press&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=0-8147-1448-X&rft.aulast=Castro&rft.aufirst=Ginette&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Famericanfeminism00castrich&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+variants+of+feminism" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCastro1984" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Castro, Ginette (1984). <i>Radioscopie du féminisme américain</i> (in French). Paris, France: Presses de la Fondation nationale des sciences politiques. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2724605068" title="Special:BookSources/978-2724605068"><bdi>978-2724605068</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Radioscopie+du+f%C3%A9minisme+am%C3%A9ricain&rft.place=Paris%2C+France&rft.pub=Presses+de+la+Fondation+nationale+des+sciences+politiques&rft.date=1984&rft.isbn=978-2724605068&rft.aulast=Castro&rft.aufirst=Ginette&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+variants+of+feminism" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDillard2005" class="citation journal cs1">Dillard, Angela D. (March 2005). "Adventures in Conservative Feminism". <i>Society</i>. <b>42</b> (3): 25. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2FBF02802982">10.1007/BF02802982</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:145067701">145067701</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Society&rft.atitle=Adventures+in+Conservative+Feminism&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=25&rft.date=2005-03&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2FBF02802982&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A145067701%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Dillard&rft.aufirst=Angela+D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+variants+of+feminism" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEchols1989" class="citation book cs1">Echols, Alice (1989). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/daringtobebadrad0000echo"><i>Daring to Be Bad: Radical Feminism in America: 1967–1975</i></a></span>. American Culture Series. Foreword by <a href="/wiki/Ellen_Willis" title="Ellen Willis">Ellen Willis</a>. Minneapolis, Minn.: <a href="/wiki/University_of_Minnesota_Press" title="University of Minnesota Press">University of Minnesota Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8166-1787-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-8166-1787-2"><bdi>0-8166-1787-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Daring+to+Be+Bad%3A+Radical+Feminism+in+America%3A+1967%E2%80%931975&rft.place=Minneapolis%2C+Minn.&rft.series=American+Culture+Series&rft.pub=University+of+Minnesota+Press&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=0-8166-1787-2&rft.aulast=Echols&rft.aufirst=Alice&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fdaringtobebadrad0000echo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+variants+of+feminism" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFeldmann2010" class="citation magazine cs1">Feldmann, Linda (14 May 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.csmonitor.com/USA/Politics/2010/0514/Sarah-Palin-feminist-first-tea-partyer-second">"Sarah Palin – feminist first, tea partyer second"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Christian_Science_Monitor" title="The Christian Science Monitor">The Christian Science Monitor</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 February</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Christian+Science+Monitor&rft.atitle=Sarah+Palin+%E2%80%93+feminist+first%2C+tea+partyer+second&rft.date=2010-05-14&rft.aulast=Feldmann&rft.aufirst=Linda&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.csmonitor.com%2FUSA%2FPolitics%2F2010%2F0514%2FSarah-Palin-feminist-first-tea-partyer-second&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+variants+of+feminism" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFManning1999" class="citation book cs1">Manning, Christel J. (1999). <i>God Gave Us the Right: Conservative Catholic, Evangelical Protestant, and Orthodox Jewish Women Grapple with Feminism</i>. New Brunswick, N.J.: <a href="/wiki/Rutgers_University_Press" title="Rutgers University Press">Rutgers University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8135-2599-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-8135-2599-3"><bdi>0-8135-2599-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=God+Gave+Us+the+Right%3A+Conservative+Catholic%2C+Evangelical+Protestant%2C+and+Orthodox+Jewish+Women+Grapple+with+Feminism&rft.place=New+Brunswick%2C+N.J.&rft.pub=Rutgers+University+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=0-8135-2599-3&rft.aulast=Manning&rft.aufirst=Christel+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+variants+of+feminism" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPosner1989" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Posner" title="Richard Posner">Posner, Richard A.</a> (1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://chicagounbound.uchicago.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2825&context=journal_articles">"Conservative feminism"</a>. <i>The University of Chicago Legal Forum</i>. <b>1989</b>. <a href="/wiki/University_of_Chicago" title="University of Chicago">University of Chicago</a>: 191–217.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+University+of+Chicago+Legal+Forum&rft.atitle=Conservative+feminism&rft.volume=1989&rft.pages=191-217&rft.date=1989&rft.aulast=Posner&rft.aufirst=Richard+A.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fchicagounbound.uchicago.edu%2Fcgi%2Fviewcontent.cgi%3Farticle%3D2825%26context%3Djournal_articles&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+variants+of+feminism" class="Z3988"></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150905183519/http://legal-forum.uchicago.edu/sites/legal-forum.uchicago.edu/files/uploads/Volume%201989.pdf">Table of contents.</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSiegel2007" class="citation book cs1">Siegel, Deborah (2007). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sisterhoodinterr0000sieg"><i>Sisterhood, Interrupted: From Radical Women to Grrls Gone Wild</i></a></span>. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4039-8204-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4039-8204-9"><bdi>978-1-4039-8204-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sisterhood%2C+Interrupted%3A+From+Radical+Women+to+Grrls+Gone+Wild&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1-4039-8204-9&rft.aulast=Siegel&rft.aufirst=Deborah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsisterhoodinterr0000sieg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+variants+of+feminism" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStacey1983" class="citation journal cs1">Stacey, Judith (Autumn 1983). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.feministstudies.org/issues/vol-01-09/09-3.html">"The New Conservative Feminism"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Feminist_Studies" title="Feminist Studies">Feminist Studies</a></i>. <b>9</b> (3): 559–583. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F3177616">10.2307/3177616</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/2027%2Fspo.0499697.0009.309">2027/spo.0499697.0009.309</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3177616">3177616</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 February</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Feminist+Studies&rft.atitle=The+New+Conservative+Feminism&rft.ssn=fall&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=559-583&rft.date=1983&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F2027%2Fspo.0499697.0009.309&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F3177616%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F3177616&rft.aulast=Stacey&rft.aufirst=Judith&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.feministstudies.org%2Fissues%2Fvol-01-09%2F09-3.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+variants+of+feminism" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSwift2018" class="citation journal cs1">Swift, David (2018). "From "I'm not a feminist, but..." to "Call me an old-fashioned feminist..."<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>". <i><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_History_Review" title="Women's History Review">Women's History Review</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F09612025.2018.1482659">10.1080/09612025.2018.1482659</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:150206204">150206204</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Women%27s+History+Review&rft.atitle=From+%22I%27m+not+a+feminist%2C+but...%22+to+%22Call+me+an+old-fashioned+feminist...%22&rft.date=2018&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F09612025.2018.1482659&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A150206204%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Swift&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+variants+of+feminism" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeisberg1993" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Kelly_Weisberg" class="mw-redirect" title="Kelly Weisberg">Weisberg, D. Kelly</a>, ed. (1993). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/feministlegalthe0000unse"><i>Feminist Legal Theory: Foundations (Women in the Political Economy)</i></a></span>. Philadelphia: Temple University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1566390293" title="Special:BookSources/978-1566390293"><bdi>978-1566390293</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Feminist+Legal+Theory%3A+Foundations+%28Women+in+the+Political+Economy%29&rft.place=Philadelphia&rft.pub=Temple+University+Press&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=978-1566390293&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ffeministlegalthe0000unse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+variants+of+feminism" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Conservative_variants_of_feminism&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not necessarily authored by conservative feminists, these are about conservative feminisms.</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Books">Books</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Conservative_variants_of_feminism&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Books"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andrea_Dworkin" title="Andrea Dworkin">Dworkin, Andrea</a>, <i>Right-Wing Women: The Politics of Domesticated Females</i> (N.Y.: Coward-McCann (also Wideview/Perigee Book), 1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cathy_Young" title="Cathy Young">Young, Cathy</a>, <i>Ceasefire!: Why Women and Men Must Join Forces to Achieve True Equality</i> (N.Y.: Free Press, 1999 (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-684-83442-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-684-83442-1">0-684-83442-1</a>)); she argues for a "philosophy" (<i>id.</i>, p. 10 (<i>Introduction: The Gender Wars</i>)) and "do[es]n't know if this philosophy should be called feminism or something else" (<i>id.</i>, p. 11 (<i>Introduction</i>))</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Articles">Articles</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Conservative_variants_of_feminism&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Articles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jane_Grant" title="Jane Grant">Grant, Jane</a>, <i>Confession of a Feminist</i>, in <i><a href="/wiki/The_American_Mercury" title="The American Mercury">The American Mercury</a></i>, vol. LVII, no. 240, Dec., 1943, pp. 684–691.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katherine_Kersten" title="Katherine Kersten">Kersten, Katherine</a>, <i>What Do Women Want?</i>, in <i>Policy Review</i>, issue 56, Spring, 1991</li> <li>Klatch, Rebecca, <i>Women of the New Right</i><sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Lee, Martha F., <i><a href="/wiki/Nesta_Helen_Webster" title="Nesta Helen Webster">Nesta Webster</a>: The Voice of Conspiracy</i>, in <i><a href="/wiki/Journal_of_Women%27s_History" title="Journal of Women's History">Journal of Women's History</a></i>, vol. 17, no. 3 (Fall, 2005), p. 81 <i>ff.</i> (biography including on feminism)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louise_Burfitt-Dons" title="Louise Burfitt-Dons">Burfitt-Dons, Louise</a>, <i>The successes and failures of feminism</i>, on <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Home" class="mw-redirect" title="Conservative Home">Conservative Home</a> Jan 4, 2014<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Swift, David, <i>From "I'm not a feminist but..." to "Call me an old-fashioned feminist..."</i>, in <i><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_History_Review" title="Women's History Review">Women's History Review</a></i>, (Summer, 2018).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Blogs">Blogs</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Conservative_variants_of_feminism&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Blogs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louise_Burfitt-Dons" title="Louise Burfitt-Dons">Louise Burfitt-Dons</a>, <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://thecommonsensefeminist.wordpress.com/">The Common Sense Feminist</a></i></li></ul> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">As cited in Dillard, Angela D., <i>Adventures in Conservative Feminism</i>, <i>op. cit.</i>, p. 26.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBurfitt-Dons" class="citation web cs1">Burfitt-Dons, Louise. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.conservativehome.com/platform/2014/01/from-motivatingwoman-right-wing-feminism.html">"The Successes and failures of feminism"</a>. <i>Conservative Home</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 February</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Conservative+Home&rft.atitle=The+Successes+and+failures+of+feminism&rft.aulast=Burfitt-Dons&rft.aufirst=Louise&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.conservativehome.com%2Fplatform%2F2014%2F01%2Ffrom-motivatingwoman-right-wing-feminism.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConservative+variants+of+feminism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Conservative_variants_of_feminism&oldid=1241498736">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Conservative_variants_of_feminism&oldid=1241498736</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Conservatism-related_lists" title="Category:Conservatism-related lists">Conservatism-related lists</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Feminism-related_lists" title="Category:Feminism-related lists">Feminism-related lists</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Feminist_movements_and_ideologies" title="Category:Feminist movements and ideologies">Feminist movements and ideologies</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Anti-pornography_feminism" title="Category:Anti-pornography feminism">Anti-pornography feminism</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Conservatism_in_the_United_States" title="Category:Conservatism in the United States">Conservatism in the United States</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_February_2016" title="Category:Use dmy dates from February 2016">Use dmy dates from February 2016</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_sidebar_with_the_child_parameter" title="Category:Pages using sidebar with the child parameter">Pages using sidebar with the child parameter</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_French-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing French-language text">Articles containing French-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_French-language_sources_(fr)" title="Category:CS1 French-language sources (fr)">CS1 French-language sources (fr)</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 21 August 2024, at 14:17<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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