ADW: Eurycea rathbuni: INFORMATION

<!DOCTYPE html> <html xmlns:og="http://ogp.me/ns#" lang="en" xml:lang="en"> <head> <title>ADW: Eurycea rathbuni: INFORMATION</title> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /> <link rel="canonical" href="https://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Eurycea_rathbuni/" /> <script type="text/javascript" src="//code.jquery.com/jquery-3.6.0.min.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="//code.jquery.com/jquery-migrate-3.3.2.min.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/static/js/compat.js"></script> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="https://animaldiversity.org/favicon.ico" /> <link href="//fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Gentium+Book+Basic:400,400italic,700,700italic" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" /> <link href="//fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=PT+Sans:400,700,400italic,700italic" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/static/bootstrap/css/bootstrap.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/static/css/pica.styles.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/static/css/pica.print.css" media="print" />  <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/static/colorbox/colorbox.css" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Eurycea_rathbuni/" /> <meta content="Eurycea rathbuni (Texas Blind Salamander)" property="og:title" /> <meta content="website" property="og:type" /> <meta content="Animal Diversity Web" property="og:site_name" /> <meta content="https://animaldiversity.org/collections/contributors/usfws/texasblindsalamander/medium.jpg" property="og:image" /> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary" /> <meta name="twitter:site" content="@AnimalDiversity" /> <meta name="twitter:title" content="Eurycea rathbuni (Texas Blind Salamander)" /> <meta name="twitter:description" content="Read about Eurycea rathbuni (Texas Blind Salamander) on the Animal Diversity Web." /> <meta name="twitter:image:src" content="https://animaldiversity.org/collections/contributors/usfws/texasblindsalamander/medium.jpg" /> <meta name="twitter:image:height" content="480" /> <meta name="twitter:image:width" content="718" /> <meta name="twitter:url" content="https://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Eurycea_rathbuni/" /> <script type="text/javascript" src="/static/js/Hyphenator.js"></script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/static/social-likes/social-likes_birman.css" /> <style> .social-likes { margin: 0; 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The Edwards Plateau is characterized by springs and caves and lies at an elevation of 600-750 meters. It has been found in wells but is usually restricted to caves (Duellman 1999). <span class="citations"> (<a href="#28d3700680d57a61a283ebb6843e6b6f" class="citation">Deullman, 1999</a>)</span></p> <ul class="keywords donthyphenate "> <li class="keywords-header">Habitat Regions</li> <li> <a class="gloss" href="#20020904145595">temperate</a> </li> <li> <a class="gloss" href="#20020904145747">freshwater</a> </li> </ul> <ul class="keywords donthyphenate last"> <li class="keywords-header">Other Habitat Features</li> <li> <span>caves</span> </li> </ul> </section> <section class="hyphenate"> <h3 id="physical_description">Physical Description</h3> <p audience="advanced intermediate"><span rank="Species" class="taxon-link rank-species">Eurycea rathbuni</span> is characterized by a very broad, flat head and snout. The four limbs are very thin and elongate. The tail is laterally compressed and finned, tapering at its end. The eyes are vestigial and lie beneath the animal's skin. External gills are bright red and always present. The forelimbs have four digits while the hind limbs have five. <span rank="Species" class="taxon-link rank-species">Eurycea rathbuni</span> is neotenic and thus bright red gills are present throughout the lifecycle. It has twelve costal grooves as well. Adults range in length from 3.25 to 5.375 inches (University of Texas; Potter and Sweet 1981). <span class="citations"> (<a href="#e16f2125ecacb3c234092ef5e10c4613" class="citation">Potter and Sweet, 1981</a>)</span></p> <ul class="keywords donthyphenate "> <li class="keywords-header">Other Physical Features</li> <li> <a class="gloss" href="#20020916131519">ectothermic</a> </li> <li> <a class="gloss" href="#20020916125902">heterothermic</a> </li> <li> <a class="gloss" href="#20020904145642">bilateral symmetry</a> </li> </ul> <ul class="keywords donthyphenate last"> <li class="keywords-header">Sexual Dimorphism</li> <li> <span>sexes alike</span> </li> </ul> </section> <section class="hyphenate"> <h3 id="development">Development</h3> <ul class="keywords donthyphenate last"> <li class="keywords-header">Development - Life Cycle</li> <li> <span>neotenic/paedomorphic</span> </li> <li> <a class="gloss" href="#20020904145364">metamorphosis</a> </li> </ul> </section> <section class="hyphenate"> <h3 id="reproduction">Reproduction</h3> <p audience="advanced intermediate">Little is known about the reproduction of <span rank="Species" class="taxon-link rank-species">Eurycea rathbuni</span>. The species is known to be acyclic with females maturing and reproducing throughout the year, unresponsive to seasonal cues. This breeding cycle is typical of many cave dwelling species (Lofts 1974). Breeding of this species has been observed in the laboratory. The females assumes an active role in stimulating the male to mate. Her behavior is characterized by rubbing her chin along the male's back. If this fails to stimulate the male then she may scratch at him or fan her tail at him. She may even resort to nipping at his sides if he further ignores her advances. The male will deposit a spermatophore on a rock or substrate and the female will then pick it up with her cloaca (Bechler 1988).</p> <ul class="keywords donthyphenate last"> <li class="keywords-header">Key Reproductive Features</li> <li> <a class="gloss" href="#20020904145554">iteroparous</a> </li> <li> <a class="gloss" href="#20020904145698">year-round breeding</a> </li> <li> <span>gonochoric/gonochoristic/dioecious (sexes separate)</span> </li> <li> <a class="gloss" href="#20020904145786">sexual</a> </li> <li> <a class="gloss" href="#20020904145546">fertilization</a> <ul> <li> <a class="gloss" href="#20020904145427">internal</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <a class="gloss" href="#20020904145572">oviparous</a> </li> </ul> </section> <section class="hyphenate"> <h3 id="lifespan_longevity">Lifespan/Longevity</h3> <ul class="aside block-grid donthyphenate one-up"> <li> <dl> <dt>Average lifespan<br /><span>Status: captivity</span></dt> <dd>10.3 years</dd> <dd> <small> <a href="http://genomics.senescence.info/species/entry.php?species=Eurycea_rathbuni" class="external-link">AnAge</a> </small> </dd> </dl> </li> </ul> </section> <section class="hyphenate"> <h3 id="behavior">Behavior</h3> <p audience="intermediate advanced">Little is known about the behavior of this species.</p> <ul class="keywords donthyphenate last"> <li class="keywords-header">Key Behaviors</li> <li> <a class="gloss" href="#20020904145472">motile</a> </li> </ul> </section> <section class="hyphenate"> <h3 id="food_habits">Food Habits</h3> <p audience="intermediate advanced">Little is known about this species feeding habits and methods. It may feed on snails, shrimp, and amphipods (University of Texas).</p> </section> <section class="hyphenate"> <h3 id="economic_importance_positive">Economic Importance for Humans: Positive</h3> <p audience="intermediate advanced">This salamander is not a resource for humans.</p> </section> <section class="hyphenate"> <h3 id="economic_importance_negative">Economic Importance for Humans: Negative</h3> <p audience="advanced intermediate"><span rank="Species" class="taxon-link rank-species">Eurycea rathbuni</span> does not negatively affect humans.</p> </section> <section class="hyphenate"> <h3 id="conservation_status">Conservation Status</h3> <p audience="advanced intermediate"><span rank="Species" class="taxon-link rank-species">Eurycea rathbuni</span> is listed as endangered under the U.S. Endangered Species Act (Duellman 1999). Its extremely limited range makes it a vulnerable species. <span class="citations"> (<a href="#28d3700680d57a61a283ebb6843e6b6f" class="citation">Deullman, 1999</a>)</span></p> <ul class="aside block-grid donthyphenate three-up"> <li> <dl> <dt> <a class="external-link" href="http://www.iucnredlist.org/">IUCN Red List</a> </dt> <dd> <span>Vulnerable</span> <br /> <small> <a class="external-link" href="http://www.iucnredlist.org/apps/redlist/details/39262"> More information </a> </small> </dd> </dl> </li> <li> <dl> <dt> <a class="external-link" href="http://www.iucnredlist.org/">IUCN Red List</a> </dt> <dd> <span>Vulnerable</span> <br /> <small> <a class="external-link" href="http://www.iucnredlist.org/apps/redlist/details/39262"> More information </a> </small> </dd> </dl> </li> <li> <dl> <dt> <a class="external-link" href="http://www.fws.gov/endangered/">US Federal List</a> </dt> <dd> <span>Endangered</span> </dd> </dl> </li> </ul> </section> <section class="hyphenate"> <h3 id="contributors">Contributors</h3> <p>Melissa Munger (author), Michigan State University, James Harding (editor), Michigan State University. </p> </section> <section class="offscreen"> <h3 id="glossary">Glossary</h3> <div id="20020914235803"> <dl> <dt>Nearctic</dt> <dd> <p>living in the Nearctic biogeographic province, the northern part of the New World. This includes Greenland, the Canadian Arctic islands, and all of the North American as far south as the highlands of central Mexico.</p> <p align="center"> <img alt="World Map" src="/images/worldmap.2001.jpg" /> </p> </dd> </dl> </div> <div id="20020904145642"> <dl> <dt>bilateral symmetry</dt> <dd> <p>having body symmetry such that the animal can be divided in one plane into two mirror-image halves. Animals with bilateral symmetry have dorsal and ventral sides, as well as anterior and posterior ends. Synapomorphy of the Bilateria.</p> </dd> </dl> </div> <div id="20020916131519"> <dl> <dt>ectothermic</dt> <dd> <p>animals which must use heat acquired from the environment and behavioral adaptations to regulate body temperature</p> </dd> </dl> </div> <div id="20020904145546"> <dl> <dt>fertilization</dt> <dd> <p>union of egg and spermatozoan</p> </dd> </dl> </div> <div id="20020904145747"> <dl> <dt>freshwater</dt> <dd> <p>mainly lives in water that is not salty.</p> </dd> </dl> </div> <div id="20020916125902"> <dl> <dt>heterothermic</dt> <dd> <p>having a body temperature that fluctuates with that of the immediate environment; having no mechanism or a poorly developed mechanism for regulating internal body temperature.</p> </dd> </dl> </div> <div id="20020904145427"> <dl> <dt>internal fertilization</dt> <dd> <p>fertilization takes place within the female's body</p> </dd> </dl> </div> <div id="20020904145554"> <dl> <dt>iteroparous</dt> <dd> <p>offspring are produced in more than one group (litters, clutches, etc.) and across multiple seasons (or other periods hospitable to reproduction). Iteroparous animals must, by definition, survive over multiple seasons (or periodic condition changes).</p> </dd> </dl> </div> <div id="20020904145364"> <dl> <dt>metamorphosis</dt> <dd> <p>A large change in the shape or structure of an animal that happens as the animal grows. In insects, "incomplete metamorphosis" is when young animals are similar to adults and change gradually into the adult form, and "complete metamorphosis" is when there is a profound change between larval and adult forms. Butterflies have complete metamorphosis, grasshoppers have incomplete metamorphosis.</p> </dd> </dl> </div> <div id="20020904145472"> <dl> <dt>motile</dt> <dd> <p>having the capacity to move from one place to another.</p> </dd> </dl> </div> <div id="20020904145365"> <dl> <dt>native range</dt> <dd> <p>the area in which the animal is naturally found, the region in which it is endemic.</p> </dd> </dl> </div> <div id="20020904145572"> <dl> <dt>oviparous</dt> <dd> <p>reproduction in which eggs are released by the female; development of offspring occurs outside the mother's body.</p> </dd> </dl> </div> <div id="20020904145786"> <dl> <dt>sexual</dt> <dd> <p>reproduction that includes combining the genetic contribution of two individuals, a male and a female</p> </dd> </dl> </div> <div id="20020904145595"> <dl> <dt>temperate</dt> <dd> <p>that region of the Earth between 23.5 degrees North and 60 degrees North (between the Tropic of Cancer and the Arctic Circle) and between 23.5 degrees South and 60 degrees South (between the Tropic of Capricorn and the Antarctic Circle).</p> </dd> </dl> </div> <div id="20020904145698"> <dl> <dt>year-round breeding</dt> <dd> <p>breeding takes place throughout the year</p> </dd> </dl> </div> </section> <section class="hyphenate"> <h3 id="references">References</h3> <p id="5df4d63b06499b7d6579f6f14c1afd18">Bechler, D. 1988. Courtship behavior and spermatophore deposition by the subterranean salamander, Typhlomolge rathbuni (Caudata, Plethodontidae). <span style="font-style: italic">The Southwestern Naturalist</span>, 33(1): 124-126. </p> <p id="4587f1a1bafbeb3b5957ae773733aa9c">Bockstanz, L., D. Cannatella. 1999. "Herps of Texas-Salamanders" (On-line). Herps of Texas. Accessed December 10, 1999 at <tt><a href="http://www.zo.utexas.edu/research/txherps/salamanders/typhlomolge.rathbuni.html">http://www.zo.utexas.edu/research/txherps/salamanders/typhlomolge.rathbuni.html</a></tt>. </p> <p id="28d3700680d57a61a283ebb6843e6b6f">Deullman, W. 1999. <span style="font-style: italic">Patterns of Distribution of Amphibians</span>. Baltimore: The John Hopkins University Press. </p> <p id="7535c068e124de02dc9e4f8b7932b1dd">Lofts, B. 1974. <span style="font-style: italic">Physiology of the Amphibia</span>. New York: Academic Press. </p> <p id="e16f2125ecacb3c234092ef5e10c4613">Potter, F., S. Sweet. 1981. Generic boundaries in Texas Cave Salamanders, and a Redescription of Typhlomolge robusta (Amphibia: Plethodontidae). <span style="font-style: italic">Copeia</span>, 1981(1): 64-75. </p> </section> </div> </div> <div class="span2_5 right sidebar"> <div class="well" id="pocket-guide-link"> <a href="https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/adw-pocket-guide/id916179421?mt=8" target="_blank"><i class="icon-download icon-white" style="vertical-align: bottom"></i> ADW Pocket Guides on the iOS App Store! </a> <p>The Animal Diversity Web team is excited to announce ADW Pocket Guides!</p> <p> <a href="/news/5009059054038197651/">Read more...</a> </p> </div> <h2 class="offscreen">Search</h2> <div id="site-search"> <form action="/search" method="GET"> <label for="q" class="offscreen">Enter search text</label> <input value="" id="q" name="q" class="span12" size="15" type="text" placeholder="Search ADW" /> <button class="btn"> <i class="icon-zoom-in"></i> <span class="offscreen">Search</span> </button> <p 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rel="tooltip" data-original-title="Chordata: specimens (6829)" data-delay="250">Chordata: specimens (6829)</a> <a href="/accounts/Chordata/sounds/" class="feature feature-sounds" rel="tooltip" data-original-title="Chordata: sounds (709)" data-delay="250">Chordata: sounds (709)</a> <span class="feature-off feature-maps"></span> </div> </li> <li> <span class="rank">Subphylum</span> <a href="/accounts/Vertebrata/" class="taxon-name rank-subphylum">Vertebrata</a> <span class="vernacular-name">vertebrates</span> <div class="features"> <a href="/accounts/Vertebrata/" class="feature feature-information" rel="tooltip" data-original-title="Vertebrata: information (1)" data-delay="250" data-total="3899">Vertebrata: information (1)</a> <a href="/accounts/Vertebrata/pictures/" class="feature feature-pictures" rel="tooltip" data-original-title="Vertebrata: pictures (15168)" data-delay="250">Vertebrata: pictures (15168)</a> <a href="/accounts/Vertebrata/specimens/" class="feature feature-specimens" rel="tooltip" data-original-title="Vertebrata: specimens (6827)" data-delay="250">Vertebrata: specimens (6827)</a> <a href="/accounts/Vertebrata/sounds/" class="feature feature-sounds" rel="tooltip" data-original-title="Vertebrata: sounds (709)" data-delay="250">Vertebrata: sounds (709)</a> <span class="feature-off feature-maps"></span> </div> </li> <li> <span class="rank">Class</span> <a href="/accounts/Amphibia/" class="taxon-name rank-class">Amphibia</a> <span class="vernacular-name">frogs, salamanders, and caecilians</span> <div class="features"> <a href="/accounts/Amphibia/" class="feature feature-information" rel="tooltip" data-original-title="Amphibia: information (1)" data-delay="250" data-total="221">Amphibia: information (1)</a> <a href="/accounts/Amphibia/pictures/" class="feature feature-pictures" rel="tooltip" data-original-title="Amphibia: pictures (648)" data-delay="250">Amphibia: pictures (648)</a> <a href="/accounts/Amphibia/specimens/" class="feature feature-specimens" rel="tooltip" data-original-title="Amphibia: specimens (13)" data-delay="250">Amphibia: specimens (13)</a> <a href="/accounts/Amphibia/sounds/" class="feature feature-sounds" rel="tooltip" data-original-title="Amphibia: sounds (20)" data-delay="250">Amphibia: sounds (20)</a> <span class="feature-off feature-maps"></span> </div> </li> <li> <span class="rank">Family</span> <a href="/accounts/Plethodontidae/" class="taxon-name rank-family">Plethodontidae</a> <span class="vernacular-name">Lungless Salamanders</span> <div class="features"> <a href="/accounts/Plethodontidae/" class="feature feature-information" rel="tooltip" data-original-title="Plethodontidae: information (1)" data-delay="250" data-total="36">Plethodontidae: information (1)</a> <a href="/accounts/Plethodontidae/pictures/" class="feature feature-pictures" rel="tooltip" data-original-title="Plethodontidae: pictures (74)" data-delay="250">Plethodontidae: pictures (74)</a> <span class="feature-off feature-specimens"></span> <span class="feature-off feature-sounds"></span> <span class="feature-off feature-maps"></span> </div> </li> <li> <span class="rank">Genus</span> <a href="/accounts/Eurycea/" class="taxon-name rank-genus">Eurycea</a> <span class="vernacular-name"></span> <div class="features"> <span class="feature-off feature-information"></span> <a href="/accounts/Eurycea/pictures/" class="feature feature-pictures" rel="tooltip" data-original-title="Eurycea: pictures (15)" data-delay="250">Eurycea: pictures (15)</a> <span class="feature-off feature-specimens"></span> <span class="feature-off feature-sounds"></span> <span class="feature-off feature-maps"></span> </div> </li> <li class="active"> <span class="rank">Species</span> <a href="/accounts/Eurycea_rathbuni/" class="taxon-name rank-species">Eurycea rathbuni</a> <span class="vernacular-name">Texas Blind Salamander</span> <div class="features"> <a href="/accounts/Eurycea_rathbuni/" class="feature feature-information" rel="tooltip" data-original-title="Eurycea rathbuni: information (1)" data-delay="250" data-total="1">Eurycea rathbuni: information (1)</a> <a href="/accounts/Eurycea_rathbuni/pictures/" class="feature feature-pictures" rel="tooltip" data-original-title="Eurycea rathbuni: pictures (3)" data-delay="250">Eurycea rathbuni: pictures (3)</a> <span class="feature-off feature-specimens"></span> <span class="feature-off feature-sounds"></span> <span class="feature-off feature-maps"></span> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="footer" aria-role="contentinfo"> <div class="inner-footer"> <div class="page-citation"> <p class="content">To cite this page: Munger, M. 2000. "Eurycea rathbuni" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed December 03, 2024 at https://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Eurycea_rathbuni/</p> </div> <div class="disclaimer"> <p class="content"><strong>Disclaimer:</strong> The Animal Diversity Web is an educational resource <strong>written largely by and for college students</strong>. ADW doesn't cover all species in the world, nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe. Though we edit our accounts for accuracy, we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts. While ADW staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable, we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control. </p> </div> <div class="footer-links"> <ul class="unstyled"> <li><a href="https://www.umich.edu/">U-M Gateway</a> | <a href="https://lsa.umich.edu/ummz/">U-M Museum of Zoology</a></li> <li> <a href="https://lsa.umich.edu/eeb/">U-M Ecology and Evolutionary Biology</a> </li> <li> 漏 2020 Regents of the University of Michigan </li> <li><a href="/feedback/error_form/">Report Error</a> / <a href="/feedback/comment_form/">Comment</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="thanks-links"> <p>This material is based upon work supported by the <a href="https://nsf.gov">National Science Foundation</a> Grants DRL 0089283, DRL 0628151, DUE 0633095, DRL 0918590, and DUE 1122742. Additional support has come from the Marisla Foundation, UM College of Literature, Science, and the Arts, Museum of Zoology, and Information and Technology Services. </p> <p> The ADW Team gratefully acknowledges their support. </p> </div> </div> </div> <script></script> </div> <script src="/static/js/jquery.colorbox.js"></script> <script src="/static/js/pica.information.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> var gaJsHost = (("https:" == document.location.protocol) ? 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ADW: Eurycea rathbuni: INFORMATION