CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Cao Bằng province - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"038d0e47-43d7-4dc4-98e0-146320361f00","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Cao_Bằng_province","wgTitle":"Cao Bằng province","wgCurRevisionId":1254089335,"wgRevisionId":1254089335,"wgArticleId":28561637,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas","Articles containing Chinese-language text","Articles containing Vietnamese-language text","CS1 Vietnamese-language sources (vi)","Articles with short description","Short description matches Wikidata","Short description is different from Wikidata","Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images","Coordinates on Wikidata","Pages using the Kartographer extension","Cao Bằng province","Northeast (Vietnam)","Provinces of Vietnam"], "wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Cao_Bằng_province","wgRelevantArticleId":28561637,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":40000,"wgCoordinates":{"lat":22.666666666666668,"lon":106},"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true, "wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q36865","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.kartographer.style":"ready","ext.cite.styles":"ready","mediawiki.page.gallery.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=[ "ext.kartographer.staticframe","ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.gallery","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.gadget.WikiMiniAtlas","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.quicksurveys.init","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.kartographer.style%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cmediawiki.page.gallery.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Ban_Gioc_-_Detian_Falls2.jpg/1200px-Ban_Gioc_-_Detian_Falls2.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="803"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Ban_Gioc_-_Detian_Falls2.jpg/800px-Ban_Gioc_-_Detian_Falls2.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="535"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Ban_Gioc_-_Detian_Falls2.jpg/640px-Ban_Gioc_-_Detian_Falls2.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="428"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Cao Bằng province - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cao_B%E1%BA%B1ng_province"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Cao_B%E1%BA%B1ng_province&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cao_B%E1%BA%B1ng_province"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Cao_Bằng_province rootpage-Cao_Bằng_province skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Cao+B%E1%BA%B1ng+province" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Cao+B%E1%BA%B1ng+province" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Cao+B%E1%BA%B1ng+province" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Cao+B%E1%BA%B1ng+province" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Geography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Geography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Climate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Demographics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Administrative_divisions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Administrative_divisions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Administrative divisions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Administrative_divisions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Attractions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Attractions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Attractions</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Attractions-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Attractions subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Attractions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Nature" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nature"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Nature</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nature-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gallery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gallery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Gallery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Cao Bằng province</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 44 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-44" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">44 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propinsi_Cao_B%E1%BA%B1ng" title="Propinsi Cao Bằng – Acehnese" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Propinsi Cao Bằng" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="Acehnese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%B8%D8%A9_%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%88_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%BA" title="محافظة كاو بانغ – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="محافظة كاو بانغ" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%88_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%82_%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C" title="کائو بانق اوستانی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="کائو بانق اوستانی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cao_B%E1%BA%B1ng_S%C3%A9ng" title="Cao Bằng Séng – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Cao Bằng Séng" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BE_%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3_(%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F)" title="Као Банг (провинция) – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Као Банг (провинция)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%E1%BB%89nh_Cao_B%E1%BA%B1ng" title="Tỉnh Cao Bằng – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Tỉnh Cao Bằng" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cao_Bang_(provincie)" title="Cao Bang (provincie) – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Cao Bang (provincie)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cao_B%E1%BA%B1ng_(Provinz)" title="Cao Bằng (Provinz) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Cao Bằng (Provinz)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Provincia_de_Cao_B%E1%BA%B1ng" title="Provincia de Cao Bằng – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Provincia de Cao Bằng" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%88_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF" title="استان کائو بانگ – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="استان کائو بانگ" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Province_de_Cao_B%E1%BA%B1ng" title="Province de Cao Bằng – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Province de Cao Bằng" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cao_B%E1%BA%B1ng" title="Cao Bằng – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Cao Bằng" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B9%8C%EC%98%A4%EB%B0%A9%EC%84%B1" title="까오방성 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="까오방성" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%93_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4" title="कैओ बांग प्रान्त – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="कैओ बांग प्रान्त" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Provinsi_Cao_B%E1%BA%B1ng" title="Provinsi Cao Bằng – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Provinsi Cao Bằng" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Provincia_di_Cao_Bang" title="Provincia di Cao Bang – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Provincia di Cao Bang" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cao_Bang_Lalawigan" title="Cao Bang Lalawigan – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Cao Bang Lalawigan" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mkoa_wa_Cao_B%E1%BA%B1ng" title="Mkoa wa Cao Bằng – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Mkoa wa Cao Bằng" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BB%81%E0%BA%82%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%9A%E0%BA%B1%E0%BB%88%E0%BA%87" title="ແຂວງກາວບັ່ງ – Lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ແຂວງກາວບັ່ງ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Lao" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cao_B%E1%BA%B1ng" title="Cao Bằng – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Cao Bằng" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%83_%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B3" title="Гау Бан аймаг – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Гау Бан аймаг" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cao_B%E1%BA%B1ng_(provincie)" title="Cao Bằng (provincie) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Cao Bằng (provincie)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AB%E3%82%AA%E3%83%90%E3%83%B3%E7%9C%81" title="カオバン省 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="カオバン省" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cao_B%E1%BA%B1ng_(Prowins)" title="Cao Bằng (Prowins) – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Cao Bằng (Prowins)" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B5%D9%88%D8%A8%DB%81_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%88_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF" title="صوبہ کاو بانگ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="صوبہ کاو بانگ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%81%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%8F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%84" title="ខេត្តកាវបាង – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ខេត្តកាវបាង" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prowincja_Cao_B%E1%BA%B1ng" title="Prowincja Cao Bằng – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Prowincja Cao Bằng" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cao_B%E1%BA%B1ng" title="Cao Bằng – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Cao Bằng" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3_(%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F)" title="Каобанг (провинция) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Каобанг (провинция)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cao_B%E1%BA%B1ng_province" title="Cao Bằng province – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Cao Bằng province" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BE_%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3" title="Као Банг – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Као Банг" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cao_B%E1%BA%B1ng_(maakunta)" title="Cao Bằng (maakunta) – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Cao Bằng (maakunta)" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cao_B%E1%BA%B1ng_(provins)" title="Cao Bằng (provins) – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Cao Bằng (provins)" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B1%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87" title="จังหวัดกาวบั่ง – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="จังหวัดกาวบั่ง" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B8_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%83_%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3" title="Вилояти Кау Банг – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Вилояти Кау Банг" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cao_B%E1%BA%B1ng_(il)" title="Cao Bằng (il) – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Cao Bằng (il)" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3_(%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%96%D1%8F)" title="Каобанг (провінція) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Каобанг (провінція)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B5%D9%88%D8%A8%DB%81_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%A4_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF" title="صوبہ کاؤ بانگ – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="صوبہ کاؤ بانگ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cao_B%E1%BA%B1ng" title="Cao Bằng – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Cao Bằng" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cao_Bang_(lalawigan)" title="Cao Bang (lalawigan) – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Cao Bang (lalawigan)" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E5%B9%B3%E7%9C%81" title="高平省 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="高平省" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E5%B9%B3%E7%9C%81" title="高平省 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="高平省" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cao_Bang" title="Cao Bang – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Cao Bang" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E5%B9%B3%E7%9C%81" title="高平省 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="高平省" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q36865#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Cao_B%E1%BA%B1ng_province" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Cao_B%E1%BA%B1ng_province" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Cao_B%E1%BA%B1ng_province"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cao_B%E1%BA%B1ng_province&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cao_B%E1%BA%B1ng_province&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Cao_B%E1%BA%B1ng_province"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cao_B%E1%BA%B1ng_province&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cao_B%E1%BA%B1ng_province&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Cao_B%E1%BA%B1ng_province" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Cao_B%E1%BA%B1ng_province" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cao_B%E1%BA%B1ng_province&oldid=1254089335" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cao_B%E1%BA%B1ng_province&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Cao_B%E1%BA%B1ng_province&id=1254089335&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FCao_B%25E1%25BA%25B1ng_province"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FCao_B%25E1%25BA%25B1ng_province"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Cao_B%E1%BA%B1ng_province&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cao_B%E1%BA%B1ng_province&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Cao_Bang" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q36865" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Cao_B%E1%BA%B1ng_province&params=22_40_N_106_0_E_region:VN_type:adm1st"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">22°40′N</span> <span class="longitude">106°0′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">22.667°N 106.000°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">22.667; 106.000</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Province of Vietnam</div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Province in Northeast, Vietnam</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Cao Bằng</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Vietnam" title="Provinces of Vietnam">Province</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="multiimageinner" style="width:272px;max-width:272px;border:none"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:270px;max-width:270px"><div style="border:1;;height:179px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ban_Gioc_-_Detian_Falls2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Ban_Gioc_-_Detian_Falls2.jpg/268px-Ban_Gioc_-_Detian_Falls2.jpg" decoding="async" width="268" height="179" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Ban_Gioc_-_Detian_Falls2.jpg/402px-Ban_Gioc_-_Detian_Falls2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Ban_Gioc_-_Detian_Falls2.jpg/536px-Ban_Gioc_-_Detian_Falls2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1284" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:133px;max-width:133px"><div style="border:1;;height:86px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:C%E1%BA%A7u_B%E1%BA%B1ng_Giang.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/C%E1%BA%A7u_B%E1%BA%B1ng_Giang.jpeg/131px-C%E1%BA%A7u_B%E1%BA%B1ng_Giang.jpeg" decoding="async" width="131" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/C%E1%BA%A7u_B%E1%BA%B1ng_Giang.jpeg/197px-C%E1%BA%A7u_B%E1%BA%B1ng_Giang.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/C%E1%BA%A7u_B%E1%BA%B1ng_Giang.jpeg/262px-C%E1%BA%A7u_B%E1%BA%B1ng_Giang.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="4596" data-file-height="3036" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:135px;max-width:135px"><div style="border:1;;height:86px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:M%E1%BB%99_Kim_%C4%90%E1%BB%93ng,_Cao_B%E1%BA%B1ng.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/M%E1%BB%99_Kim_%C4%90%E1%BB%93ng%2C_Cao_B%E1%BA%B1ng.JPG/133px-M%E1%BB%99_Kim_%C4%90%E1%BB%93ng%2C_Cao_B%E1%BA%B1ng.JPG" decoding="async" width="133" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/M%E1%BB%99_Kim_%C4%90%E1%BB%93ng%2C_Cao_B%E1%BA%B1ng.JPG/200px-M%E1%BB%99_Kim_%C4%90%E1%BB%93ng%2C_Cao_B%E1%BA%B1ng.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/M%E1%BB%99_Kim_%C4%90%E1%BB%93ng%2C_Cao_B%E1%BA%B1ng.JPG/266px-M%E1%BB%99_Kim_%C4%90%E1%BB%93ng%2C_Cao_B%E1%BA%B1ng.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4559" data-file-height="2968" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:134px;max-width:134px"><div style="border:1;;height:87px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:CaoBang.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/CaoBang.jpg/132px-CaoBang.jpg" decoding="async" width="132" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/CaoBang.jpg/198px-CaoBang.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/CaoBang.jpg/264px-CaoBang.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1544" data-file-height="1024" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:134px;max-width:134px"><div style="border:1;;height:87px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%C4%90%E1%BB%99ng_Ng%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Dm_Ngao.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/%C4%90%E1%BB%99ng_Ng%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Dm_Ngao.jpg/132px-%C4%90%E1%BB%99ng_Ng%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Dm_Ngao.jpg" decoding="async" width="132" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/%C4%90%E1%BB%99ng_Ng%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Dm_Ngao.jpg/198px-%C4%90%E1%BB%99ng_Ng%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Dm_Ngao.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/%C4%90%E1%BB%99ng_Ng%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Dm_Ngao.jpg/264px-%C4%90%E1%BB%99ng_Ng%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Dm_Ngao.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3543" data-file-height="2362" /></a></span></div></div></div></div></div><div class="ib-settlement-caption"><b>From top, left to right:</b> <a href="/wiki/Ban_Gioc%E2%80%93Detian_Falls" title="Ban Gioc–Detian Falls">Ban Gioc Falls</a>, Bằng Giang Bridge, Kim Đồng Tomb, Paddy field in Cao Bằng, Ngườm Ngao Cave</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Logo_t%E1%BB%89nh_Cao_B%E1%BA%B1ng.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Official seal of Cao Bằng"><img alt="Official seal of Cao Bằng" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/13/Logo_t%E1%BB%89nh_Cao_B%E1%BA%B1ng.svg/100px-Logo_t%E1%BB%89nh_Cao_B%E1%BA%B1ng.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="64" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/13/Logo_t%E1%BB%89nh_Cao_B%E1%BA%B1ng.svg/150px-Logo_t%E1%BB%89nh_Cao_B%E1%BA%B1ng.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/13/Logo_t%E1%BB%89nh_Cao_B%E1%BA%B1ng.svg/200px-Logo_t%E1%BB%89nh_Cao_B%E1%BA%B1ng.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="395" data-file-height="253" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Seal</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Nickname: <div class="ib-settlement-nickname nickname">High Plateau</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cao_Bang_in_Vietnam.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Location of Cao Bằng within Vietnam"><img alt="Location of Cao Bằng within Vietnam" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Cao_Bang_in_Vietnam.svg/250px-Cao_Bang_in_Vietnam.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="489" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Cao_Bang_in_Vietnam.svg/375px-Cao_Bang_in_Vietnam.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Cao_Bang_in_Vietnam.svg/500px-Cao_Bang_in_Vietnam.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="2349" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Location of Cao Bằng within Vietnam</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 280px; height: 200px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="280" data-height="200" data-zoom="8" data-overlays="["_d581e961e3c9e1112a56ccabb97ecee2ba518301"]"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,8,a,a,280x200.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Cao_B%E1%BA%B1ng_province&revid=1254089335&groups=_d581e961e3c9e1112a56ccabb97ecee2ba518301" width="280" height="200" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,8,a,a,280x200@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Cao_B%E1%BA%B1ng_province&revid=1254089335&groups=_d581e961e3c9e1112a56ccabb97ecee2ba518301 2x" alt="Map" /></a></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Cao_B%E1%BA%B1ng_province&params=22_40_N_106_0_E_region:VN_type:adm1st"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">22°40′N</span> <span class="longitude">106°0′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">22.667°N 106.000°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">22.667; 106.000</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/23px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/35px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/45px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Vietnam" class="mw-redirect" title="Regions of Vietnam">Region</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Northeast_(Vietnam)" title="Northeast (Vietnam)">Northeast</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Capital</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Cao_B%E1%BA%B1ng" title="Cao Bằng">Cao Bằng</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Subdivision</th><td class="infobox-data">1 city, 9 rural districts</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Vietnam" title="Provinces of Vietnam">Province</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Body</th><td class="infobox-data agent">Cao Bằng Provincial People's Council</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Chairman of People's Committee</th><td class="infobox-data">Hoàng Xuân Ánh</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup id="cite_ref-area_2022_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-area_2022-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • <a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Vietnam" title="Provinces of Vietnam">Province</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">6,700.39 km<sup>2</sup> (2,587.04 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(2023)<sup id="cite_ref-census_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-census-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • <a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Vietnam" title="Provinces of Vietnam">Province</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">547,879</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">82/km<sup>2</sup> (210/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Urban_area" title="Urban area">Urban</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">136,010</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><a href="/wiki/List_of_ethnic_groups_in_Vietnam" title="List of ethnic groups in Vietnam">Ethnic groups</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup id="cite_ref-census_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-census-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/T%C3%A0y_people" title="Tày people">Tày</a></th><td class="infobox-data">40.84%</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/N%C3%B9ng_people" title="Nùng people">Nùng</a></th><td class="infobox-data">29.81%</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Hmong_people" title="Hmong people">Mông</a></th><td class="infobox-data">11.65%</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Yao_people" title="Yao people">Dao</a></th><td class="infobox-data">10.36%</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_people" title="Vietnamese people">Vietnamese</a><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th><td class="infobox-data">5.12%</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Others</th><td class="infobox-data">2.22%</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">GDP<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Vietnam" title="Provinces of Vietnam">Province</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/VND" class="mw-redirect" title="VND">VND</a> 14.429 trillion<br /><a href="/wiki/US$" class="mw-redirect" title="US$">US$</a> 0.627 billion</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B07:00" title="UTC+07:00">UTC+07:00</a> (<a href="/wiki/Indochina_Time" class="mw-redirect" title="Indochina Time">ICT</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbers_in_Vietnam" title="Telephone numbers in Vietnam">Area codes</a></th><td class="infobox-data">206</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166" title="ISO 3166">ISO 3166 code</a></th><td class="infobox-data nickname"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166-2:VN" title="ISO 3166-2:VN">VN-04</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Human_Development_Index" title="Human Development Index">HDI</a> (2020)</th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0.659<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />(<a href="/wiki/List_of_administrative_divisions_of_Vietnam_by_Human_Development_Index" title="List of administrative divisions of Vietnam by Human Development Index">57th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.caobang.gov.vn/">www<wbr />.caobang<wbr />.gov<wbr />.vn</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Cao Bằng</b> is a <a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Vietnam" title="Provinces of Vietnam">province</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Northeast_(Vietnam)" title="Northeast (Vietnam)">Northeast</a> region of <a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a>. The province has borders with <a href="/wiki/H%C3%A0_Giang_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Hà Giang Province">Hà Giang</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tuy%C3%AAn_Quang_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Tuyên Quang Province">Tuyên Quang</a>, <a href="/wiki/B%E1%BA%AFc_K%E1%BA%A1n_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Bắc Kạn Province">Bắc Kạn</a>, and <a href="/wiki/L%E1%BA%A1ng_S%C6%A1n_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Lạng Sơn Province">Lạng Sơn</a> provinces within Vietnam. It also has a common international border with <a href="/wiki/Guangxi_province" class="mw-redirect" title="Guangxi province">Guangxi province</a> in <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>. The province covers 6,700.39 km<sup>2</sup> (2,587.04 sq mi)<sup id="cite_ref-area_2022_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-area_2022-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and, as of 2023, its population was 547,849 people.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The area has a rich history tracing to the Bronze Age Tây Âu (西甌) Kingdom of the ethnic <a href="/wiki/Tay_(people)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tay (people)">Tày</a>. Cao Bằng has several points of historical interest as well as many natural features such as the <a href="/wiki/P%C3%A1c_B%C3%B3" title="Pác Bó">Pác Bó</a> (at the mouth of the confluence of two rivers, the Bằng Giang and Hien rivers) where Hồ Chí Minh in January 1941 established a revolutionary force at Cốc Bó cave, the Mạc emperor's Temple, the Kỳ Sầm Temple, Coi Bin Church, the Bản Giốc waterfall area at the international border between Vietnam and China, and the Thang Hen Mountain Lake. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cao_B%E1%BA%B1ng_province&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Province_de_Cao-Bang_(1909).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Province_de_Cao-Bang_%281909%29.jpg/220px-Province_de_Cao-Bang_%281909%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Province_de_Cao-Bang_%281909%29.jpg/330px-Province_de_Cao-Bang_%281909%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Province_de_Cao-Bang_%281909%29.jpg/440px-Province_de_Cao-Bang_%281909%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4496" data-file-height="3128" /></a><figcaption>Map of Cao Bang province in 1909</figcaption></figure> <p>Cao Bằng's history can be traced to the <a href="/wiki/Bronze_Age" title="Bronze Age">Bronze Age</a> when the <a href="/wiki/T%C3%A0y_people" title="Tày people">Tày</a> Tây Âu Kingdom flourished. The Tây Âu or <a href="/wiki/%C3%82u_Vi%E1%BB%87t" title="Âu Việt">Âu Việt</a> were a conglomeration of upland Tai tribes living in what is today the mountainous region of northernmost <a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a>, western <a href="/wiki/Guangdong" title="Guangdong">Guangdong</a>, and southern <a href="/wiki/Guangxi" title="Guangxi">Guangxi</a>, China, since at least the 3rd century BC. According to local lore, the capital was located near today Cao Bằng City.<sup id="cite_ref-Chapuis_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chapuis-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the 3rd century BC, the Tây Âu leader <a href="/wiki/Th%E1%BB%A5c_Ph%C3%A1n" class="mw-redirect" title="Thục Phán">Thục Phán</a> shifted their capital to <a href="/wiki/C%E1%BB%95_Loa" class="mw-redirect" title="Cổ Loa">Cổ Loa</a> in the Red River Delta. <sup id="cite_ref-Chapuis_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chapuis-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Cao Bằng's proximity to China has meant that it has had a somewhat turbulent history, having changed hands a number of times. What are now the provinces of Cao Bằng and Lạng Sơn were known as châu Quảng Nguyên during the time of the Lý and Trần Dynasties. Quảng Nguyên became part of <a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%A1i_Vi%E1%BB%87t" title="Đại Việt">Đại Việt</a> in 1039, when Emperor <a href="/wiki/L%C3%BD_Th%C3%A1i_T%C3%B4ng" title="Lý Thái Tông">Lý Thái Tông</a> expelled <a href="/wiki/N%C3%B9ng_Tr%C3%AD_Cao" class="mw-redirect" title="Nùng Trí Cao">Nùng Trí Cao</a>, a <a href="/wiki/N%C3%B9ng_people" title="Nùng people">Tày-Nùng</a> leader, from the area.<sup id="cite_ref-History_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-History-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At the end of the 14th century, Tày lords dynasties ruled the area, such as Bế Khắc Thiệu and Nga Dac Thai. In the 1430s, the Lê Dynasty had many rebellions. Royalty faced strong revolt during the 16th and early part of the 17th century – <a href="/wiki/Mac_Dang_Dung" class="mw-redirect" title="Mac Dang Dung">Mạc Đăng Dung</a> initially occupied the territory and the Lê throne in 1527. However, the Lê kings were reinstated in 1592. Still, the war for control of the region continued and the Mạc family had the upper hand as they declared it an independent region and ruled for 75 years. As witness to this period, here lie ruins of a temple, which was also the palace of the Mạc Kings. It can be seen in the town of <a href="/wiki/Cao_B%C3%ACnh" class="mw-redirect" title="Cao Bình">Cao Bình</a>, which is located about 12 kilometres (7.5 mi) north of the town of Cao Bằng. Cao Bình was a prominent administrative town until the French occupied the territory; the capital was shifted to the Cao Bằng peninsula when the French conquered the area in 1884. They fortified the town with a fort on a hill overlooking the town (ruins of this fort are seen even now). This fort area is now a high-security zone of the People’s Army of Vietnam.<sup id="cite_ref-Chapuis_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chapuis-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-History_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-History-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Cao Bằng has a long history of revolutionaries and nationalists. The significant history of the peninsula to the present regime is recorded from the 1920s when it became the "cradle of the revolutionary movement in the north". Many pro-independence groups based themselves in the mountains. The <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Vietnam" title="Communist Party of Vietnam">Communist Party of Vietnam</a> chose the province as a base, using the rough terrain as protection. Its historicity was further accentuated when <a href="/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh" title="Ho Chi Minh">Hồ Chí Minh</a>, on his return from China in exile in 1941, made his headquarters at Pắc Bó, in Trường Hà commune, <a href="/wiki/H%C3%A0_Qu%E1%BA%A3ng_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Hà Quảng District">Hà Quảng District</a>, 56 kilometres (35 mi) north of Cao Bằng for the decisive revolutionary movement between 1940 and 1945.<sup id="cite_ref-Boobbyer,_p_133-135_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Boobbyer,_p_133-135-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1950, the province had 10 districts: Bảo Lạc, Hạ Lang, Hòa An, Nguyên Bình, Phú Thạch, Phục Hòa, Quảng Uyên, Thạch An, Trấn Biên and Trùng Khánh. In 1958, Trấn Biên was renamed Trà Lĩnh. The district of Thông Nông was created out of part of the district of Hà Quảng by Decision 67-CP on 7 April 1966. The districts of Phục Hòa and Quảng Uyên were merged to become <a href="/w/index.php?title=Qu%E1%BA%A3ng_H%C3%B2a&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Quảng Hòa (page does not exist)">Quảng Hòa</a> by Decision 27-CP on 8 March 1967. The district of Hạ Lang was abolished and integrated into the districts of Quảng Hòa and Trùng Khánh by Decision 176-CP on 15 September 1969.<sup id="cite_ref-Chapuis_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chapuis-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-History_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-History-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In December 1978, the two districts of <a href="/wiki/Ng%C3%A2n_S%C6%A1n_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Ngân Sơn District">Ngân Sơn</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ch%E1%BB%A3_R%C3%A3" title="Chợ Rã">Chợ Rã</a> were transferred from the province of <a href="/w/index.php?title=B%E1%BA%AFc_Th%C3%A1i&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bắc Thái (page does not exist)">Bắc Thái</a> to Cao Bằng by a decree of the congress of the Communist Party. This meant that Cao Bằng had 11 districts: Bảo Lạc, Hà Quảng, Hòa An, Nguyên Bình, Quảng Hòa, Thạch An, Thông Nông, Trà Lĩnh, Trùng Khánh, Ngân Sơn and Chợ Rã. The district of Chợ Rã was renamed <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ba_B%E1%BB%83,_B%E1%BA%AFc_K%E1%BA%A1n&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ba Bể, Bắc Kạn (page does not exist)">Ba Bể</a> by Decision 144-HĐBT on 6 November 1984.<sup id="cite_ref-History_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-History-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 27 February 1979, during the <a href="/wiki/Sino-Vietnamese_War" title="Sino-Vietnamese War">Sino-Vietnamese War</a>, Chinese troops entered and occupied the city of Cao Bằng, inflicting a "<a href="/wiki/Scorched_earth" title="Scorched earth">scorched earth</a>" policy by levelling most of the city, including places of worship.<sup id="cite_ref-Military_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Military-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The historical areas near the Pác Bó caves in the commune of Trường Hà in Hà Quảng district were mined and bombed, demolishing most of the cave mouth where Hồ Chí Minh based his guerrilla activities in the 1940s and 1950s. In 1996, the districts of Ngân Sơn and Ba Bể were transferred into the newly created province of <a href="/wiki/B%E1%BA%AFc_K%E1%BA%A1n_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Bắc Kạn Province">Bắc Kạn</a>. The district of <a href="/wiki/B%E1%BA%A3o_L%C3%A2m_District,_Cao_B%E1%BA%B1ng" class="mw-redirect" title="Bảo Lâm District, Cao Bằng">Bảo Lâm</a> was created by carving out a portion of <a href="/wiki/B%E1%BA%A3o_L%E1%BA%A1c_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Bảo Lạc District">Bảo Lạc District</a>, in accordance with Decree 52/2000/NĐ-CP on 25 September 2000.<sup id="cite_ref-Chapuis_7-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chapuis-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-History_8-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-History-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cao_B%E1%BA%B1ng_province&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Cao Bằng province located in the northern part of the country has borders with <a href="/wiki/H%C3%A0_Giang_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Hà Giang Province">Hà Giang</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tuy%C3%AAn_Quang_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Tuyên Quang Province">Tuyên Quang</a>, <a href="/wiki/B%E1%BA%AFc_K%E1%BA%A1n_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Bắc Kạn Province">Bắc Kạn</a>, and <a href="/wiki/L%E1%BA%A1ng_S%C6%A1n_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Lạng Sơn Province">Lạng Sơn</a> provinces within Vietnam. It also has a common international border (322 kilometres (200 mi) long) with the <a href="/wiki/Guangxi" title="Guangxi">Guangxi</a> province of the <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="People's Republic of China">People's Republic of China</a>. The main town is also named <a href="/wiki/Cao_B%E1%BA%B1ng" title="Cao Bằng">Cao Bằng</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Museum_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Museum-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The geographical setting of the province is mostly mountainous, with land available for habitation thus being limited. The average temperature reported in the province is 22 °C (72 °F). Winter temperatures in some areas occasionally experience freezing conditions and some amount of snowfall. The <a href="/wiki/Ban_Gioc_Waterfall" class="mw-redirect" title="Ban Gioc Waterfall">Bản Giốc Waterfall</a> which is on the border with China is a well-known natural feature in the province.<sup id="cite_ref-Museum_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Museum-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The western side of Cao Bằng borders Tuyên Quang and Hà Giang provinces. The southern side of Cao Bằng borders the provinces of Bắc Kạn and Lạng Sơn. The north-west expanse of the province is 80 kilometres (50 mi), from Trọng Con in Thạch An district to Đức Hạnh in Bảo Lâm district. It stretches 170 kilometres (110 mi) from east to west, from Quảng Lâm in Bảo Lâm district to Lý Quốc in Hạ Lang district. Cao Bằng has an area of 6,724.6 square kilometres (2,596.4 sq mi) (2008 figures). Mountainous forests take up more than 90% of the province. </p><p>The Peninsular valley of Cao Bằng province is formed between the Bằng Giang and Hien rivers. The two rivers confluence to the northwest of the town. In the war with China the town was damaged in 1979 and has been since rebuilt. The market in Cao Bằng town is believed to be the largest in Vietnam.<sup id="cite_ref-Boobbyer_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Boobbyer-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cao Bằng town is located on Highway 3 and is 270 kilometres (170 mi) from Hanoi. The road from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nao_Pac&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nao Pac (page does not exist)">Nao Pac</a> to Cao Bằng passes through the Cao Bắc Pass. Since the elevation of the town is 300 metres (980 ft) it has a salubrious temperate climate throughout the year.<sup id="cite_ref-Boobbyer_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Boobbyer-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cao_B%E1%BA%B1ng_province&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div> <table class="wikitable" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <caption>Climate data for Cao Bằng </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFA144; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18<br />(64) </td> <td style="background: #FF9B37; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19<br />(66) </td> <td style="background: #FF7F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23<br />(73) </td> <td style="background: #FF6300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27<br />(81) </td> <td style="background: #FF4800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31<br />(88) </td> <td style="background: #FF4100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32<br />(90) </td> <td style="background: #FF4100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32<br />(90) </td> <td style="background: #FF4100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32<br />(90) </td> <td style="background: #FF4800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31<br />(88) </td> <td style="background: #FF6300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27<br />(81) </td> <td style="background: #FF7800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24<br />(75) </td> <td style="background: #FF9429; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20<br />(68) </td> <td style="background: #FF6A00; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">26<br />(80) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFD9B3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10<br />(50) </td> <td style="background: #FFCB97; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12<br />(54) </td> <td style="background: #FFAF60; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16<br />(61) </td> <td style="background: #FF9B37; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19<br />(66) </td> <td style="background: #FF7F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23<br />(73) </td> <td style="background: #FF7800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24<br />(75) </td> <td style="background: #FF7800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24<br />(75) </td> <td style="background: #FF7800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24<br />(75) </td> <td style="background: #FF860D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22<br />(72) </td> <td style="background: #FF9B37; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19<br />(66) </td> <td style="background: #FFB66E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15<br />(59) </td> <td style="background: #FFD2A5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11<br />(52) </td> <td style="background: #FFA144; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">18<br />(65) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average rainfall mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #DEFFDE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22<br />(0.9) </td> <td style="background: #D4FFD4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26<br />(1.0) </td> <td style="background: #C4FFC4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">39<br />(1.5) </td> <td style="background: #72FF72; color:#000000;" class="notheme">91<br />(3.6) </td> <td style="background: #00FA00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">174<br />(6.9) </td> <td style="background: #009D00; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">229<br />(9.0) </td> <td style="background: #00B000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">224<br />(8.8) </td> <td style="background: #008A00; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">249<br />(9.8) </td> <td style="background: #18FF18; color:#000000;" class="notheme">150<br />(5.9) </td> <td style="background: #77FF77; color:#000000;" class="notheme">91<br />(3.6) </td> <td style="background: #BBFFBB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">44<br />(1.7) </td> <td style="background: #E1FFE1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20<br />(0.8) </td> <td style="background: #53FF53; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">1,359<br />(53.5) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average rainy days </th> <td style="background: #8383FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10 </td> <td style="background: #7777FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10 </td> <td style="background: #6A6AFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12 </td> <td style="background: #4C4CFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">14 </td> <td style="background: #4545FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">15 </td> <td style="background: #2626FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">17 </td> <td style="background: #2020FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">18 </td> <td style="background: #1414FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">19 </td> <td style="background: #4C4CFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">14 </td> <td style="background: #6A6AFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12 </td> <td style="background: #8C8CFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9 </td> <td style="background: #9C9CFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8 </td> <td style="background: #5959FF; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">158 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean monthly <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">sunshine hours</a> </th> <td style="background: #717171; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">62 </td> <td style="background: #707070; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">56 </td> <td style="background: #A9A9A9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">93 </td> <td style="background: #B8B855; color:#000000;" class="notheme">120 </td> <td style="background: #D4D400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">186 </td> <td style="background: #C6C600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">150 </td> <td style="background: #D4D400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">186 </td> <td style="background: #D4D400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">186 </td> <td style="background: #D4D400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">180 </td> <td style="background: #C6C600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">155 </td> <td style="background: #B8B855; color:#000000;" class="notheme">120 </td> <td style="background: #B8B855; color:#000000;" class="notheme">124 </td> <td style="background: #BEBE30; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">1,618 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.worldclimateguide.co.uk/climateguides/vietnam/caobang.php">World Climate Guide</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cao_B%E1%BA%B1ng_province&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Demographics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The province of Cao Bằng is home to many people belonging to <a href="/wiki/List_of_ethnic_groups_in_Vietnam" title="List of ethnic groups in Vietnam">Vietnam's ethnic minority groups</a>. The most notable of these are the <a href="/wiki/Tay_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Tay people">Tày</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nung_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Nung people">Nùng</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dao_(ethnic_group)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dao (ethnic group)">Dao</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Hmong_people" title="Hmong people">Hmong</a>. </p><p>According to the General Statistics Office of the Government of Vietnam, the population of Cao Bằng province as of 2019 was 530,341 with a density of 79 persons per km<sup>2</sup> over a total land area of 6,700.26 square kilometres (2,586.98 sq mi). It is one of the least populated provinces in the northern midlands and mountain areas of Vietnam.<sup id="cite_ref-gso.gov.vn_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gso.gov.vn-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The male population during this period was 265,620 while the female population was 264,721. The rural population was 406,934 against an urban population of 123,407 (about 30% of the rural population).<sup id="cite_ref-census_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-census-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There are more than 40 ethnic groups in Hà Giang recognized by the Vietnamese government. Each ethnicity has their own language, traditions, and subculture. The largest ethnic groups are: <a href="/wiki/T%C3%A0y_people" title="Tày people">Tày</a> (40.84%), <a href="/wiki/N%C3%B9ng_people" title="Nùng people">Nùng</a> (29.81%), <a href="/wiki/Hmong_people" title="Hmong people">Mông</a> (11.65%), <a href="/wiki/Yao_people" title="Yao people">Dao</a> (10.36%), <a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_people" title="Vietnamese people">Vietnamese</a><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (5.12%). Others accounted for the remaining 2.22%.<sup id="cite_ref-census_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-census-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Languages spoken in Cao Bằng province include the following. </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hmong-Mien_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Hmong-Mien languages">Hmong-Mien languages</a> <ul><li>Hmong</li> <li>Kim Mun</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_languages" title="Tai languages">Tai languages</a> <ul><li>Tày Bảo Lạc - <a href="/wiki/B%E1%BA%A3o_L%E1%BA%A1c_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Bảo Lạc District">Bảo Lạc District</a></li> <li>Tày Trùng Khánh - <a href="/wiki/Tr%C3%B9ng_Kh%C3%A1nh_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Trùng Khánh District">Trùng Khánh District</a></li> <li>Nùng An - <a href="/wiki/Qu%E1%BA%A3ng_Uy%C3%AAn_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Quảng Uyên District">Quảng Uyên District</a></li> <li>Nùng Giang - <a href="/wiki/H%C3%A0_Qu%E1%BA%A3ng_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Hà Quảng District">Hà Quảng District</a></li> <li>Giáy - <a href="/wiki/B%E1%BA%A3o_L%E1%BA%A1c_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Bảo Lạc District">Bảo Lạc District</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kra_languages" title="Kra languages">Kra languages</a> <ul><li>En (Nùng Vên) - <a href="/wiki/H%C3%A0_Qu%E1%BA%A3ng_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Hà Quảng District">Hà Quảng District</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibeto-Burman_languages" title="Tibeto-Burman languages">Tibeto-Burman languages</a> <ul><li>Black Lolo - <a href="/wiki/B%E1%BA%A3o_L%E1%BA%A1c_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Bảo Lạc District">Bảo Lạc District</a></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Administrative_divisions">Administrative divisions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cao_B%E1%BA%B1ng_province&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Administrative divisions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Cao Bằng is subdivided into 10 district-level sub-divisions and 161 commune-level sub-divisions. </p> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="6" width="100%" align="center" style="background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaa solid; margin-top: 16px"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="background: #E6E6FA; font-size: 95%;">Subdivisions of Cao Bằng </th></tr> <tr> <td width="50%" valign="top" style="background: #f9f9f9;"> <table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" style="background: #f9f9f9; font-size: 90%; text-align: right;" width="100%"> <tbody><tr> <th align="left" style="border-bottom: 2px solid #CCCCFF; padding-left: 10px; white-space:nowrap">Name</th> <th style="border-bottom: 2px solid #CCCCFF;">Population</th> <th style="border-bottom: 2px solid #CCCCFF;">Commune-level sub-divisions </th></tr> <tr> <td align="left" colspan="3" style="background: #F5F5DC; padding-left: 30px;"><b>City (1)</b> </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#f5f5f5"> <td align="left" style="padding-left: 6px; white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Cao_B%E1%BA%B1ng" title="Cao Bằng">Cao Bằng</a></td> <td>73,549</td> <td><i>8 wards, 3 communes </i> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="background: #F5F5DC; padding-left: 30px;" align="left">Huyện (9) </th></tr> <tr> <td align="left" style="padding-left: 6px; white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/B%E1%BA%A3o_L%E1%BA%A1c_district" title="Bảo Lạc district">Bảo Lạc</a></td> <td>54,420</td> <td><i>1 town, 16 communes</i> </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#F5F5F5"> <td align="left" style="padding-left: 6px; white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/B%E1%BA%A3o_L%C3%A2m_district,_Cao_B%E1%BA%B1ng" title="Bảo Lâm district, Cao Bằng">Bảo Lâm</a></td> <td>65,025</td> <td><i>1 town, 12 communes</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left" style="padding-left: 6px; white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/H%E1%BA%A1_Lang_district" title="Hạ Lang district">Hạ Lang</a></td> <td>25,439</td> <td><i>1 town, 12 communes</i> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td width="50%" valign="top" style="background: #f9f9f9;"> <table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" style="background: #f9f9f9; font-size: 90%; text-align: right;" width="100%"> <tbody><tr> <th align="left" style="border-bottom: 2px solid #CCCCFF; padding-left: 10px; white-space:nowrap">Name</th> <th style="border-bottom: 2px solid #CCCCFF;">Population</th> <th style="border-bottom: 2px solid #CCCCFF;">Commune-level sub-divisions </th></tr> <tr bgcolor="#F5F5F5"> <td align="left" style="padding-left: 6px; white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/H%C3%A0_Qu%E1%BA%A3ng_district" title="Hà Quảng district">Hà Quảng</a></td> <td>59,467</td> <td><i>2 towns, 19 communes</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left" style="padding-left: 6px; white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/H%C3%B2a_An_district" title="Hòa An district">Hòa An</a></td> <td>52,762</td> <td><i>1 town, 14 communes</i> </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#F5F5F5"> <td align="left" style="padding-left: 6px; white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nguy%C3%AAn_B%C3%ACnh_district" title="Nguyên Bình district">Nguyên Bình</a></td> <td>39,654</td> <td><i>2 towns, 15 communes</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left" style="padding-left: 6px; white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Qu%E1%BA%A3ng_H%C3%B2a_district" title="Quảng Hòa district">Quảng Hòa</a></td> <td>66,620</td> <td><i>3 towns, 16 communes</i> </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#F5F5F5"> <td align="left" style="padding-left: 6px; white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Th%E1%BA%A1ch_An_district" title="Thạch An district">Thạch An</a></td> <td>30,001</td> <td><i>1 town, 13 communes</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left" style="padding-left: 6px; white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tr%C3%B9ng_Kh%C3%A1nh_district" title="Trùng Khánh district">Trùng Khánh</a></td> <td>70,424</td> <td><i>2 towns, 19 communes</i> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td valign="top" style="background: #f9f9f9; font-size: 90%"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cao_B%E1%BA%B1ng_province&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Cao Bằng is relatively poor compared to other Vietnamese provinces. Most of the province's economy is centered on <a href="/wiki/Agriculture" title="Agriculture">agriculture</a> and <a href="/wiki/Forestry" title="Forestry">forestry</a>, although other industries exist. Facilities such as schools and hospitals tend to be in poor condition, but are gradually improving. Transportation, once a major problem, has been improved considerably by new road construction. </p><p>As against the national figure of 7,592 of Agriculture, Forestry and Fishery cooperatives there are only 4 cooperatives in the province; all are agricultural cooperatives.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are only 57 farms compared to the national total of 120,699.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The output value of agriculture produce at constant 1994 prices in the province was 676.6 billion <a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_%C4%91%E1%BB%93ng" title="Vietnamese đồng">đồngs</a> against the national value of 156,681.9 billion đồngs.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1994 the province produced 151,800 tonnes of cereals compared to the national production of 229.1 million tonnes <sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The per capita production of cereals in the district was 448.6 kg as against the national figure of 501.8 kg in 2007.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2007, the industrial output of the province was a meagre 571.8 billion đồngs against the national output of 1.47 million billion đồngs.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Attractions">Attractions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cao_B%E1%BA%B1ng_province&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Attractions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As the province is in the region where the Vietnamese people lived thousands of years ago before their southwards expansion, Cao Bằng has several points of historical interest as well as many natural features. </p> <dl><dt>Pác Bó</dt></dl> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:C%E1%BB%91c_B%C3%B3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/C%E1%BB%91c_B%C3%B3.jpg/220px-C%E1%BB%91c_B%C3%B3.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/C%E1%BB%91c_B%C3%B3.jpg/330px-C%E1%BB%91c_B%C3%B3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/C%E1%BB%91c_B%C3%B3.jpg/440px-C%E1%BB%91c_B%C3%B3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4376" data-file-height="2466" /></a><figcaption>Cốc Bó cave</figcaption></figure> <p>Pác Bó, located at the mouth of the confluence of two rivers, namely the Bằng Giang and Hien rivers. Its historicity is due to the fact that Hồ Chí Minh, on his return from China (where he had lived for 30 years) on 28 January 1941, established a revolutionary force at a cave near Pác Bó valley inhabited by the Nùng tribes. He organized the revolutionary movement by training the cadres, translated the History of the Communist Party in the USSR into the Vietnamese language and also edited a revolutionary newspaper called the 'Independent Vietnam' from Pác Bó. The Vietnam Independence League (<i>Việt Nam Độc Lập Đồng Minh Hội</i>), known by its short form as <a href="/wiki/Vi%E1%BB%87t_Minh" class="mw-redirect" title="Việt Minh">Việt Minh</a>, was established here during the Eighth Congress of the Communist Party Central Committee held at Pác Bó from 10–19 March 1941. Between 1941 and 1945 until the Japanese left was a period of great turmoil in Vietnam. The Japanese set up King Bai as the head of state to counter the influence of the French government and the Việt Minh had established themselves their rule in six provinces in North Vietnam in the Red River delta. Following the surrender of Japan on 13 August 1945 in World War II, Hồ Chí Minh had expanded the ambit of his "August revolution" to Hanoi, Huế and Saigon, and the king abdicated. Hồ Chí Minh declared the independence of Vietnam and addressed the nation from Hanoi on 2 September 1945. The Pac Ba Vestiges Area Exhibition Centre has an array of display of artifacts of the revolution with a Hồ Chí Minh House of Remembrance. A stream and a hill near Pác Bó were named as "Lenin Stream" and "Karl Marx Mountain".<sup id="cite_ref-Boobbyer,_p._135-136_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Boobbyer,_p._135-136-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dt>Kỳ Sầm Temple</dt></dl> <p>Kỳ Sầm Temple was built as a memorial at Nùng village (200 metres (660 ft) east of Highway 203) of Ngan in honour of Nùng Trí Cao, Nùng Lord of Quảng Uyên for organizing the ethnic minority revolt in the 11th century against the Vietnamese monarchy. The first effort at rebellion against the King Lý Thái Tông was started by Nùng Trí Cao's father, Nùng Tồn Phúc, and elder brother, Nùng Trí Thông. This failed and both were caught and executed. Two years later Cao mobilised a rebellion army and captured the territory and declared himself as the king of the Nùng Kingdom and named it as Dai Lich. However, this occupancy was short-lived as he was captured by Viet forces. He was, however, let go by the King and allowed to return to Quảng Uyên. Six years later he again launched a rebellion against the king in 1048 and captured the territory in southern China and declared himself as the "Emperor of Đại Nam." His kingdom survived for 5 years by the manipulation of the King of China and the King of Viet. However, in 1053 the Vietnamese king Lý Thái Tông captured Cao and executed him. The temple built in his honour, though ancient, is now a refurbished monument (renovated in the 19th century) consisting of two buildings. The outer building has the altar of one of his generals and the inner shrine housed the images of Cao, his wife and his mother till they were stolen a few years ago. An inscription still seen here narrates Cao's war exploits and his avowed commitment to the cause of his nation.<sup id="cite_ref-Boobbyer,_p._134_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Boobbyer,_p._134-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dt>Coi Binh Church</dt></dl> <p>Coi Binh Church is one of the three churches that were built in 1906 by the French; the other two are at Cao Bằng and That Khe. Except for the Vicar's house the rest of the residential buildings around the church were destroyed in 1979. The vicarage is now the venue of "Cao Bằng region's most famous apiaries".<sup id="cite_ref-Boobbyer,_p._135_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Boobbyer,_p._135-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dt>Mạc King's Temple</dt></dl> <p>Mạc King's Temple is the 16th-century palace of the Mạc Dynasty. It is located on a hill top above the Làng Đến (meaning the "Temple Village"). It is located on the west bank of the Dau Gen River, which is a tributary of the Bằng Giang River. The construction of this palace is credited to a general of the Lê Army in 1521–1522 after he forcibly dethroned the 11 year King Lê Chiêu Tông, exiled him and installed his brother Lê Thung as the king. However, two years later Lê Chiêu Tông was reinstalled as the King of Đại Việt. The Mạc Dynasty then ruled for 65 years. The Lê dynasty continued to fight the Mạc Kings and finally succeeded in regaining power in 1592 for a short time with the help of the powerful Trịnh family. A nephew of Mạc Mậu Hợp took control of Cao Bằng and three generations of his family ruled for 75 years till the armies of the Trịnh family captured Cao Bằng in 1667. The small palace building has cannons placed near the main entrance even now.<sup id="cite_ref-Boobbyer,_p._135_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Boobbyer,_p._135-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nature">Nature</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cao_B%E1%BA%B1ng_province&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Nature"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Th%C3%A1c_B%E1%BA%A3n_Gi%E1%BB%91c.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Th%C3%A1c_B%E1%BA%A3n_Gi%E1%BB%91c.jpg/220px-Th%C3%A1c_B%E1%BA%A3n_Gi%E1%BB%91c.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Th%C3%A1c_B%E1%BA%A3n_Gi%E1%BB%91c.jpg/330px-Th%C3%A1c_B%E1%BA%A3n_Gi%E1%BB%91c.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Th%C3%A1c_B%E1%BA%A3n_Gi%E1%BB%91c.jpg/440px-Th%C3%A1c_B%E1%BA%A3n_Gi%E1%BB%91c.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1544" data-file-height="1024" /></a><figcaption>Bản Giốc waterfall during the rainy season</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:DeTianPuBu.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/DeTianPuBu.jpg/220px-DeTianPuBu.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/DeTianPuBu.jpg/330px-DeTianPuBu.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/DeTianPuBu.jpg/440px-DeTianPuBu.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1519" data-file-height="1012" /></a><figcaption>Bản Giốc waterfall during the dry season</figcaption></figure> <p>Cao Bằng, which lies on the Quây Sơn River, in Ngọc Khê commune, in Trùng Khánh district, has many mountains, forests, rivers and springs throughout. The area near <a href="/w/index.php?title=B%E1%BA%A3n_Doc_Waterfall&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bản Doc Waterfall (page does not exist)">Bản Doc Waterfall</a> is a well-known scenic tourist site. The city of Cao Bằng has many buildings of World War II vintage of French design, which were in ruins, but have since been rebuilt. There is an 'Exhibition Centre' in the town where the history of the revolutionary struggle in Vietnam, which originated in this province, is displayed along with Hồ Chí Minh's vintage car, bearing the registration number "BAC 808".<sup id="cite_ref-Boobbyer_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Boobbyer-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dt>Bản Giốc waterfall</dt></dl> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Ban_Gioc_%E2%80%93_Detian_Falls" class="mw-redirect" title="Ban Gioc – Detian Falls">Ban Gioc – Detian Falls</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Ban_Gioc_%E2%80%93_Detian_Falls" class="mw-redirect" title="Ban Gioc – Detian Falls">Bản Giốc Waterfalls</a> are located 80 kilometres (50 mi) north of Cao Bằng at the Vietnam-China Border. It originates from the Quỳ Xuân River and falls over a height of 30 metres (98 ft) and is 300 metres (980 ft) wide. At the top, the waterfall is seen in three parts divided by rocks and trees. As the water falls down the cliff and merges with sunlight, a seven-coloured rainbow formation is witnessed. Many green trees and flowers that perfume the air are located at the base of the fall.<sup id="cite_ref-English_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-English-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Bản Giốc waterfall area at the Vietnam-China border is stated to be "among areas having a borderline defined on rivers and streams". It has been clarified by the Head of the Border Committee that the borderline of the fall shall be as fixed along the median of the main flow which shall be done jointly by both sides.<sup id="cite_ref-border_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-border-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Even though in Vietnam the two falls are considered as one fall with the name Bản Giốc, the physical fact is that the waterfall is named under two ownership divisions namely, "Detian - Banyue Falls" (Chinese: 德天瀑布 & 板約瀑布) or "Bản Giốc Falls" (Vietnamese: <b>thác Bản Giốc</b>).<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>Note 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>This water fall is the 4th largest <a href="/wiki/Waterfall" title="Waterfall">waterfall</a> along a national border in the world, the other three are <a href="/wiki/Iguazu_Falls" title="Iguazu Falls">Iguazu Falls</a>, <a href="/wiki/Victoria_Falls,_Zambia" class="mw-redirect" title="Victoria Falls, Zambia">Victoria Falls</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Niagara_Falls" title="Niagara Falls">Niagara Falls</a>, in that order. It was also one of the crossing points for China's <a href="/wiki/Army" title="Army">army</a> during the brief Sino-Vietnamese War. Nearby there is the Tongling Gorge accessible only through a cavern from an adjoining gorge. Rediscovered only recently, it has many species of <a href="/wiki/Endemism" title="Endemism">endemic</a> plants found only in the gorge. This cave was a hideout for the local bandits whose treasure is occasionally still found in the cliff-side caves. Bản Giốc Fall is also famous for the fish species "<a href="/w/index.php?title=Tram_huong&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tram huong (page does not exist)">tram huong</a>." During the 1920s, this was a hunting and fishing location for the French who built cottages for this purpose.<sup id="cite_ref-fall_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fall-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dt>Thang Hen Mountain lake</dt></dl> <p>Thang Hen Mountain lake, in Trà Lĩnh district, consists of 36 small natural lakes located on the top of a hill at 1,000 metres (3,300 ft). The lakes have been created in limestone formations and some of them flow out as steams. An unusual feature of the lakes is that their water level fluctuates like the tides of the seas, which phenomenon is attributed to the springs of water emerging from artesian wells in limestone formations. The lakes flow through the river, which eventually becomes the Bản Giốc waterfall.<sup id="cite_ref-English_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-English-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dt>God's Eye Mountain</dt></dl> <p>Located in Quoc Toan Commune, <a href="/wiki/Tr%C3%A0_L%C4%A9nh_district" title="Trà Lĩnh district">Trà Lĩnh district</a>, the Eye of God Mountain is a prominent tourist destination at the Non Nuoc Cao Bang <a href="/wiki/UNESCO_Global_Geoparks" title="UNESCO Global Geoparks">UNESCO Global Geopark</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cao_B%E1%BA%B1ng_province&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed-hover"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 302px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 300px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Chocaobang.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Chocaobang.jpg/450px-Chocaobang.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Chocaobang.jpg/675px-Chocaobang.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Chocaobang.jpg/900px-Chocaobang.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1300" data-file-height="867" /></a></span></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 153.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nhacaobang.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Nhacaobang.jpg/230px-Nhacaobang.jpg" decoding="async" width="154" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Nhacaobang.jpg/345px-Nhacaobang.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Nhacaobang.jpg/459px-Nhacaobang.jpg 2x" data-file-width="919" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 268.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 266.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Khach_san_Bang_Giang.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Khach_san_Bang_Giang.jpg/400px-Khach_san_Bang_Giang.jpg" decoding="async" width="267" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Khach_san_Bang_Giang.jpg/600px-Khach_san_Bang_Giang.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Khach_san_Bang_Giang.jpg/800px-Khach_san_Bang_Giang.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a></span></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 304.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 302.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:C%E1%BA%A7u_B%E1%BA%B1ng_Giang.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/C%E1%BA%A7u_B%E1%BA%B1ng_Giang.jpeg/454px-C%E1%BA%A7u_B%E1%BA%B1ng_Giang.jpeg" decoding="async" width="303" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/C%E1%BA%A7u_B%E1%BA%B1ng_Giang.jpeg/681px-C%E1%BA%A7u_B%E1%BA%B1ng_Giang.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/C%E1%BA%A7u_B%E1%BA%B1ng_Giang.jpeg/909px-C%E1%BA%A7u_B%E1%BA%B1ng_Giang.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="4596" data-file-height="3036" /></a></span></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 309.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 307.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:M%E1%BB%99_Kim_%C4%90%E1%BB%93ng,_Cao_B%E1%BA%B1ng.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/M%E1%BB%99_Kim_%C4%90%E1%BB%93ng%2C_Cao_B%E1%BA%B1ng.JPG/461px-M%E1%BB%99_Kim_%C4%90%E1%BB%93ng%2C_Cao_B%E1%BA%B1ng.JPG" decoding="async" width="308" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/M%E1%BB%99_Kim_%C4%90%E1%BB%93ng%2C_Cao_B%E1%BA%B1ng.JPG/691px-M%E1%BB%99_Kim_%C4%90%E1%BB%93ng%2C_Cao_B%E1%BA%B1ng.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/M%E1%BB%99_Kim_%C4%90%E1%BB%93ng%2C_Cao_B%E1%BA%B1ng.JPG/922px-M%E1%BB%99_Kim_%C4%90%E1%BB%93ng%2C_Cao_B%E1%BA%B1ng.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4559" data-file-height="2968" /></a></span></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 308px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 306px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cautreocaobang.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Cautreocaobang.jpg/459px-Cautreocaobang.jpg" decoding="async" width="306" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Cautreocaobang.jpg/688px-Cautreocaobang.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Cautreocaobang.jpg/917px-Cautreocaobang.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="785" /></a></span></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 268.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 266.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:567_Kegel.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/567_Kegel.JPG/400px-567_Kegel.JPG" decoding="async" width="267" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/567_Kegel.JPG/600px-567_Kegel.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/567_Kegel.JPG/800px-567_Kegel.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a></span></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 304px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 302px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:CaoBang.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/CaoBang.jpg/453px-CaoBang.jpg" decoding="async" width="302" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/CaoBang.jpg/679px-CaoBang.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/CaoBang.jpg/905px-CaoBang.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1544" data-file-height="1024" /></a></span></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 268.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 266.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:558_Morgenstimmung_in_Cao_Bang.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/558_Morgenstimmung_in_Cao_Bang.JPG/400px-558_Morgenstimmung_in_Cao_Bang.JPG" decoding="async" width="267" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/558_Morgenstimmung_in_Cao_Bang.JPG/600px-558_Morgenstimmung_in_Cao_Bang.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/558_Morgenstimmung_in_Cao_Bang.JPG/800px-558_Morgenstimmung_in_Cao_Bang.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a></span></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 358px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 356px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Qu%E1%BA%A3ng_Uy%C3%AAn.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Qu%E1%BA%A3ng_Uy%C3%AAn.jpg/534px-Qu%E1%BA%A3ng_Uy%C3%AAn.jpg" decoding="async" width="356" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Qu%E1%BA%A3ng_Uy%C3%AAn.jpg/800px-Qu%E1%BA%A3ng_Uy%C3%AAn.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Qu%E1%BA%A3ng_Uy%C3%AAn.jpg/1067px-Qu%E1%BA%A3ng_Uy%C3%AAn.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1080" /></a></span></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 268.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 266.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bang_River_at_Ta_Lung_-_Suikou_border_gates_in_Vietnam_-_China_border.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Bang_River_at_Ta_Lung_-_Suikou_border_gates_in_Vietnam_-_China_border.JPG/400px-Bang_River_at_Ta_Lung_-_Suikou_border_gates_in_Vietnam_-_China_border.JPG" decoding="async" width="267" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Bang_River_at_Ta_Lung_-_Suikou_border_gates_in_Vietnam_-_China_border.JPG/600px-Bang_River_at_Ta_Lung_-_Suikou_border_gates_in_Vietnam_-_China_border.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Bang_River_at_Ta_Lung_-_Suikou_border_gates_in_Vietnam_-_China_border.JPG/800px-Bang_River_at_Ta_Lung_-_Suikou_border_gates_in_Vietnam_-_China_border.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 466.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 464.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ban_Gioc_Waterfall.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Ban_Gioc_Waterfall.jpg/697px-Ban_Gioc_Waterfall.jpg" decoding="async" width="465" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d0/Ban_Gioc_Waterfall.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="905" data-file-height="390" /></a></span></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cao_B%E1%BA%B1ng_province&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> The two falls have separate names in Chinese: Dé Tiān=<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">德天</span></span>=<span title="Vietnamese-language text"><i lang="vi">Đức Thiên</i></span>;Bǎn Yuē=<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">板約</span></span>=<span title="Vietnamese-language text"><i lang="vi">Bản Giốc</i></span>. However, in Vietnamese, the two falls are considered as two parts of one waterfall with the sole name Bản Giốc.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cao_B%E1%BA%B1ng_province&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-area_2022-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-area_2022_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-area_2022_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation report cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://monre.gov.vn/VanBan/Lists/VanBanChiDao/Attachments/3012/b4.1_Signed.pdf">Biểu số 4.1: Hiện trạng sử dụng đất vùng Trung du và miền núi phía Bắc năm 2022</a> [Table 4.1: Current land use status in the Northern Midlands and Mountains in 2022] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (Decision 3048/QĐ-BTNMT) (in Vietnamese). <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Natural_Resources_and_Environment_(Vietnam)" title="Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment (Vietnam)">Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment (Vietnam)</a>. 18 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Bi%E1%BB%83u+s%E1%BB%91+4.1%3A+Hi%E1%BB%87n+tr%E1%BA%A1ng+s%E1%BB%AD+d%E1%BB%A5ng+%C4%91%E1%BA%A5t+v%C3%B9ng+Trung+du+v%C3%A0+mi%E1%BB%81n+n%C3%BAi+ph%C3%ADa+B%E1%BA%AFc+n%C4%83m+2022&rft.pub=Ministry+of+Natural+Resources+and+Environment+%28Vietnam%29&rft.date=2023-10-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmonre.gov.vn%2FVanBan%2FLists%2FVanBanChiDao%2FAttachments%2F3012%2Fb4.1_Signed.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACao+B%E1%BA%B1ng+province" class="Z3988"></span> – the data in the report are in hectares, rounded to integers</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-census-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-census_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-census_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-census_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-census_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGeneral_Statistics_Office_of_Vietnam2019" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/General_Statistics_Office_of_Vietnam" title="General Statistics Office of Vietnam">General Statistics Office of Vietnam</a> (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gso.gov.vn/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/Ket-qua-toan-bo-Tong-dieu-tra-dan-so-va-nha-o-2019.pdf"><i>"Completed Results of the 2019 Viet Nam Population and Housing Census"</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Statistical Publishing House (Vietnam). <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-604-75-1532-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-604-75-1532-5"><bdi>978-604-75-1532-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%22Completed+Results+of+the+2019+Viet+Nam+Population+and+Housing+Census%22&rft.pub=Statistical+Publishing+House+%28Vietnam%29&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=978-604-75-1532-5&rft.au=General+Statistics+Office+of+Vietnam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gso.gov.vn%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2019%2F12%2FKet-qua-toan-bo-Tong-dieu-tra-dan-so-va-nha-o-2019.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACao+B%E1%BA%B1ng+province" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Also called Kinh people</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://caobangtv.vn/tin-tuc-n23517/cao-bang--nhung-dau-an-noi-bat-trong-nam-2018.html">"Tình hình kinh tế, xã hội Cao Bằng năm 2018"</a>. <i>Đài truyền hình tỉnh Cao Bằng</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 May</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%C4%90%C3%A0i+truy%E1%BB%81n+h%C3%ACnh+t%E1%BB%89nh+Cao+B%E1%BA%B1ng&rft.atitle=T%C3%ACnh+h%C3%ACnh+kinh+t%E1%BA%BF%2C+x%C3%A3+h%E1%BB%99i+Cao+B%E1%BA%B1ng+n%C4%83m+2018&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcaobangtv.vn%2Ftin-tuc-n23517%2Fcao-bang--nhung-dau-an-noi-bat-trong-nam-2018.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACao+B%E1%BA%B1ng+province" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gso.gov.vn/en/px-web/?pxid=E1438&theme=Health%2C%20Culture%2C%20Sport%20and%20Living%20standard">"Human Development Index by province(*) by Cities, provincies and Year"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/General_Statistics_Office_of_Vietnam" title="General Statistics Office of Vietnam">General Statistics Office of Vietnam</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 28,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=General+Statistics+Office+of+Vietnam&rft.atitle=Human+Development+Index+by+province%28%2A%29+by+Cities%2C+provincies+and+Year&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gso.gov.vn%2Fen%2Fpx-web%2F%3Fpxid%3DE1438%26theme%3DHealth%252C%2520Culture%252C%2520Sport%2520and%2520Living%2520standard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACao+B%E1%BA%B1ng+province" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMEDIATECH" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">MEDIATECH. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://baocaobang.vn/hop-bao-cong-bo-so-lieu-thong-ke-kinh-te-xa-hoi-nam-2023-3166576.html">"Họp báo công bố số liệu thống kê kinh tế - xã hội năm 2023 - Báo Cao Bằng điện tử"</a>. <i>baocaobang.vn</i> (in Vietnamese)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-10-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=baocaobang.vn&rft.atitle=H%E1%BB%8Dp+b%C3%A1o+c%C3%B4ng+b%E1%BB%91+s%E1%BB%91+li%E1%BB%87u+th%E1%BB%91ng+k%C3%AA+kinh+t%E1%BA%BF+-+x%C3%A3+h%E1%BB%99i+n%C4%83m+2023+-+B%C3%A1o+Cao+B%E1%BA%B1ng+%C4%91i%E1%BB%87n+t%E1%BB%AD&rft.au=MEDIATECH&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbaocaobang.vn%2Fhop-bao-cong-bo-so-lieu-thong-ke-kinh-te-xa-hoi-nam-2023-3166576.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACao+B%E1%BA%B1ng+province" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Chapuis-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Chapuis_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Chapuis_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Chapuis_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Chapuis_7-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Chapuis_7-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChapuis1995" class="citation book cs1">Chapuis, Oscar (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Jskyi00bspcC&q=%22au+viet%22+%22xi+ou%22&pg=PA13">"Rulers of Vietnam"</a>. <i>A History of Vietnam: From Hong Bang to Tu Duc</i>. Greenwood Publishing Group. pp. 11–13. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-313-29622-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-313-29622-7"><bdi>0-313-29622-7</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-07-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Rulers+of+Vietnam&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Vietnam%3A+From+Hong+Bang+to+Tu+Duc&rft.pages=11-13&rft.pub=Greenwood+Publishing+Group&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=0-313-29622-7&rft.aulast=Chapuis&rft.aufirst=Oscar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJskyi00bspcC%26q%3D%2522au%2Bviet%2522%2B%2522xi%2Bou%2522%26pg%3DPA13&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACao+B%E1%BA%B1ng+province" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-History-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-History_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-History_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-History_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-History_8-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-History_8-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://translate.google.co.in/translate?hl=en&sl=vi&u=http://vn.360plus.yahoo.com/nguoi-caobang/article%3Fmid%3D247%26fid%3D-1&ei=nCcoTNyrN8eXrAeu9ajyBA&sa=X&oi=translate&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CAwQ7gEwATgU&prev=/search%3Fq%3DCoc%2BBo%2BCave%26start%3D20%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DN">"Cao Bang Province"</a>. Cambodia Travel Key and Foot Print Vietnam<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-08-30</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Cao+Bang+Province&rft.pub=Cambodia+Travel+Key+and+Foot+Print+Vietnam&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftranslate.google.co.in%2Ftranslate%3Fhl%3Den%26sl%3Dvi%26u%3Dhttp%3A%2F%2Fvn.360plus.yahoo.com%2Fnguoi-caobang%2Farticle%253Fmid%253D247%2526fid%253D-1%26ei%3DnCcoTNyrN8eXrAeu9ajyBA%26sa%3DX%26oi%3Dtranslate%26ct%3Dresult%26resnum%3D2%26ved%3D0CAwQ7gEwATgU%26prev%3D%2Fsearch%253Fq%253DCoc%252BBo%252BCave%2526start%253D20%2526hl%253Den%2526sa%253DN&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACao+B%E1%BA%B1ng+province" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Boobbyer,_p_133-135-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Boobbyer,_p_133-135_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Boobbyer, pp. 133–135</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Military-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Military_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/war/prc-vietnam.htm">"Chinese Invasion of Vietnam, February 1979"</a>. Global Security.org<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-08-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Chinese+Invasion+of+Vietnam%2C+February+1979&rft.pub=Global+Security.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.globalsecurity.org%2Fmilitary%2Fworld%2Fwar%2Fprc-vietnam.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACao+B%E1%BA%B1ng+province" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Museum-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Museum_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Museum_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://translate.google.co.in/translate?hl=en&sl=tl&u=http://www.museumstuff.com/learn/topics/Cao_Bang_Province::sub::Geography&ei=5FUoTN2pLsGVrAeQwYiMBQ&sa=X&oi=translate&ct=result&resnum=5&ved=0CB0Q7gEwBA&prev=/search%3Fq%3DWater%2BResources%2Bof%2BCao%2BB%25E1%25BA%25B1ng%2BProvince%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DG">"Geography"</a>. Museum of Learning<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-06-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Geography&rft.pub=Museum+of+Learning&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftranslate.google.co.in%2Ftranslate%3Fhl%3Den%26sl%3Dtl%26u%3Dhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.museumstuff.com%2Flearn%2Ftopics%2FCao_Bang_Province%3A%3Asub%3A%3AGeography%26ei%3D5FUoTN2pLsGVrAeQwYiMBQ%26sa%3DX%26oi%3Dtranslate%26ct%3Dresult%26resnum%3D5%26ved%3D0CB0Q7gEwBA%26prev%3D%2Fsearch%253Fq%253DWater%252BResources%252Bof%252BCao%252BB%2525E1%2525BA%2525B1ng%252BProvince%2526hl%253Den%2526sa%253DG&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACao+B%E1%BA%B1ng+province" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Boobbyer-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Boobbyer_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Boobbyer_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Boobbyer_12-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBoobbyer2008" class="citation book cs1">Boobbyer, Claire (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=0FKCuR0i0SMC&q=Coc+Bo+Cave&pg=PA136"><i>Footprint Vietnam</i></a>. Footprint Travel Guides. pp. 134–36. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-906098-13-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-906098-13-1"><bdi>978-1-906098-13-1</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-07-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Footprint+Vietnam&rft.pages=134-36&rft.pub=Footprint+Travel+Guides&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-1-906098-13-1&rft.aulast=Boobbyer&rft.aufirst=Claire&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D0FKCuR0i0SMC%26q%3DCoc%2BBo%2BCave%26pg%3DPA136&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACao+B%E1%BA%B1ng+province" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-gso.gov.vn-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-gso.gov.vn_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091113145005/http://www.gso.gov.vn/default_en.aspx?tabid=467&idmid=3&ItemID=8653">"Population and population density in 2008 by province"</a>. General Statistics Office of the Government of Vietnam. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gso.gov.vn/default_en.aspx?tabid=467&idmid=3&ItemID=8653">the original</a> on 2009-11-13<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-06-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Population+and+population+density+in+2008+by+province&rft.pub=General+Statistics+Office+of+the+Government+of+Vietnam&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gso.gov.vn%2Fdefault_en.aspx%3Ftabid%3D467%26idmid%3D3%26ItemID%3D8653&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACao+B%E1%BA%B1ng+province" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Also called Kinh people</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091113143803/http://www.gso.gov.vn/default_en.aspx?tabid=469&idmid=3&ItemID=8895">"Agriculture, Forestry and Fishery: Number of cooperatives by province"</a>. Population and Employment :General Statistics Office of the Government of Vietnam. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gso.gov.vn/default_en.aspx?tabid=469&idmid=3&ItemID=8895">the original</a> on 2009-11-13<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-06-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Agriculture%2C+Forestry+and+Fishery%3A+Number+of+cooperatives+by+province&rft.pub=Population+and+Employment+%3AGeneral+Statistics+Office+of+the+Government+of+Vietnam&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gso.gov.vn%2Fdefault_en.aspx%3Ftabid%3D469%26idmid%3D3%26ItemID%3D8895&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACao+B%E1%BA%B1ng+province" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091113143601/http://www.gso.gov.vn/default_en.aspx?tabid=469&idmid=3&ItemID=8894">"Number of cooperatives in 2008 by kind of activity and by province: Agriculture, Forestry and Fishery"</a>. Population and Employment: General Statistics Office of the Government of Vietnam. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gso.gov.vn/default_en.aspx?tabid=469&idmid=3&ItemID=8894">the original</a> on 2009-11-13<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-06-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Number+of+cooperatives+in+2008+by+kind+of+activity+and+by+province%3A+Agriculture%2C+Forestry+and+Fishery&rft.pub=Population+and+Employment%3A+General+Statistics+Office+of+the+Government+of+Vietnam&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gso.gov.vn%2Fdefault_en.aspx%3Ftabid%3D469%26idmid%3D3%26ItemID%3D8894&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACao+B%E1%BA%B1ng+province" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091113143547/http://www.gso.gov.vn/default_en.aspx?tabid=469&idmid=3&ItemID=8893">"Agriculture, Forestry and Fishery: Number of farms by province"</a>. Population and Employment: General Statistics Office of the Government of Vietnam. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gso.gov.vn/default_en.aspx?tabid=469&idmid=3&ItemID=8893">the original</a> on 2009-11-13<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-06-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Agriculture%2C+Forestry+and+Fishery%3A+Number+of+farms+by+province&rft.pub=Population+and+Employment%3A+General+Statistics+Office+of+the+Government+of+Vietnam&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gso.gov.vn%2Fdefault_en.aspx%3Ftabid%3D469%26idmid%3D3%26ItemID%3D8893&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACao+B%E1%BA%B1ng+province" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091113143648/http://www.gso.gov.vn/default_en.aspx?tabid=469&idmid=3&ItemID=8889">"Agriculture, Forestry and Fishery :Output value of agriculture at constant 1994 prices"</a>. Population and Employment: General Statistics Office of the Government of Vietnam. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gso.gov.vn/default_en.aspx?tabid=469&idmid=3&ItemID=8889">the original</a> on 2009-11-13<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-06-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Agriculture%2C+Forestry+and+Fishery+%3AOutput+value+of+agriculture+at+constant+1994+prices&rft.pub=Population+and+Employment%3A+General+Statistics+Office+of+the+Government+of+Vietnam&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gso.gov.vn%2Fdefault_en.aspx%3Ftabid%3D469%26idmid%3D3%26ItemID%3D8889&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACao+B%E1%BA%B1ng+province" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091113143531/http://www.gso.gov.vn/default_en.aspx?tabid=469&idmid=3&ItemID=8883">"Agriculture, Forestry and Fishery:Production of cereals by province"</a>. Population and Employment: General Statistics Office of the Government of Vietnam. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gso.gov.vn/default_en.aspx?tabid=469&idmid=3&ItemID=8883">the original</a> on 2009-11-13<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-06-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Agriculture%2C+Forestry+and+Fishery%3AProduction+of+cereals+by+province&rft.pub=Population+and+Employment%3A+General+Statistics+Office+of+the+Government+of+Vietnam&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gso.gov.vn%2Fdefault_en.aspx%3Ftabid%3D469%26idmid%3D3%26ItemID%3D8883&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACao+B%E1%BA%B1ng+province" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091113143730/http://www.gso.gov.vn/default_en.aspx?tabid=469&idmid=3&ItemID=8882">"Agriculture, Forestry and Fishery: Production of cereals per capita by province"</a>. Population and Employment: General Statistics Office of the Government of Vietnam. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gso.gov.vn/default_en.aspx?tabid=469&idmid=3&ItemID=8882">the original</a> on 2009-11-13<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-06-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Agriculture%2C+Forestry+and+Fishery%3A+Production+of+cereals+per+capita+by+province&rft.pub=Population+and+Employment%3A+General+Statistics+Office+of+the+Government+of+Vietnam&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gso.gov.vn%2Fdefault_en.aspx%3Ftabid%3D469%26idmid%3D3%26ItemID%3D8882&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACao+B%E1%BA%B1ng+province" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090831194744/http://www.gso.gov.vn/default_en.aspx?tabid=470&idmid=3&ItemID=8970">"Industry: Industrial output value at current prices by province"</a>. Population and Employment: General Statistics Office of the Government of Vietnam. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gso.gov.vn/default_en.aspx?tabid=470&idmid=3&ItemID=8970">the original</a> on 2009-08-31<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-06-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Industry%3A+Industrial+output+value+at+current+prices+by+province&rft.pub=Population+and+Employment%3A+General+Statistics+Office+of+the+Government+of+Vietnam&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gso.gov.vn%2Fdefault_en.aspx%3Ftabid%3D470%26idmid%3D3%26ItemID%3D8970&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACao+B%E1%BA%B1ng+province" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Boobbyer,_p._135-136-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Boobbyer,_p._135-136_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Boobbyer, pp. 135–136</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Boobbyer,_p._134-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Boobbyer,_p._134_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Boobbyer, p. 134</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Boobbyer,_p._135-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Boobbyer,_p._135_24-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Boobbyer,_p._135_24-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Boobbyer, p. 135</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-English-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-English_25-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-English_25-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090301014712/http://english.vietnamnet.vn/travel/2006/03/547831/">"Cao Bang - the land of mountains and water"</a>. English Vietnamvnet. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://english.vietnamnet.vn/travel/2006/03/547831">the original</a> on March 1, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-07-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Cao+Bang+-+the+land+of+mountains+and+water&rft.pub=English+Vietnamvnet&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fenglish.vietnamnet.vn%2Ftravel%2F2006%2F03%2F547831&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACao+B%E1%BA%B1ng+province" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-border-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-border_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vietnamembassy-usa.org/news/story.php?d=20020916000456">"On the settlement of Vietnam-China border issue"</a>. Vietnam Embassy. 2002-09-16<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-07-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=On+the+settlement+of+Vietnam-China+border+issue&rft.pub=Vietnam+Embassy&rft.date=2002-09-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.vietnamembassy-usa.org%2Fnews%2Fstory.php%3Fd%3D20020916000456&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACao+B%E1%BA%B1ng+province" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://caidatwin.net/sua-chua-may-tinh/">"Cao Bằng"</a>. <i>triphanoi.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-02-12</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=triphanoi.com&rft.atitle=Cao+B%E1%BA%B1ng&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcaidatwin.net%2Fsua-chua-may-tinh%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACao+B%E1%BA%B1ng+province" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-fall-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-fall_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vietnam-beauty.com/top-destinations/destination-in-the-north/179--ban-gioc-waterfall-the-largest-one-in-vietnam-.html">"Ban Gioc Waterfall – the largest one in Vietnam!"</a>. Vietnam Beauty.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-07-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ban+Gioc+Waterfall+%E2%80%93+the+largest+one+in+Vietnam%21&rft.pub=Vietnam+Beauty.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.vietnam-beauty.com%2Ftop-destinations%2Fdestination-in-the-north%2F179--ban-gioc-waterfall-the-largest-one-in-vietnam-.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACao+B%E1%BA%B1ng+province" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://vietnamnet.vn/en/god-s-eye-mountain-in-cao-bang-2120021.html">"God's Eye Mountain in Cao Bang"</a>. Vietnamnet Global. 2023-03-18. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231227092406/https://vietnamnet.vn/en/god-s-eye-mountain-in-cao-bang-2120021.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2023-12-27<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-03-08</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=God%27s+Eye+Mountain+in+Cao+Bang&rft.pub=Vietnamnet+Global&rft.date=2023-03-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvietnamnet.vn%2Fen%2Fgod-s-eye-mountain-in-cao-bang-2120021.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACao+B%E1%BA%B1ng+province" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <ul><li>Cœdès, George. (1966). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qgrAFlAC4-QC"><i>The Making of South East Asia</i></a> (illustrated, reprint ed.). University of California Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0520050614" title="Special:BookSources/0520050614">0520050614</a>. Retrieved 7 August 2013.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cao_B%E1%BA%B1ng_province&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://caidatwin.net">[1]</a> (English version)</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Places_adjacent_to_Cao_Bằng_province" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Adjacent_communities" title="Template:Adjacent communities"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Adjacent_communities" title="Template talk:Adjacent communities"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Adjacent_communities" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Adjacent communities"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Places_adjacent_to_Cao_Bằng_province" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Places adjacent to Cao Bằng province</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><table role="presentation" style="width:100%; margin:0; text-align:center;"><tbody><tr> <td></td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Guangxi" title="Guangxi">Guangxi</a>, <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a></td> </tr><tr> <td></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="North"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/14px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/21px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/28px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></td> <td></td> </tr><tr> <td style="width:33%"><a href="/wiki/H%C3%A0_Giang_province" title="Hà Giang province">Hà Giang province</a></td> <td style="width:33%;"> <div style="white-space:nowrap;"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span title="West"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/17px-Pfeil_links.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/25px-Pfeil_links.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/34px-Pfeil_links.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></span></span><b style="display:inline-block; vertical-align:middle; margin:0.75em 1em">Cao Bằng province</b><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span title="East"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/17px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/25px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/34px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></div> </td> <td style="width:33%"></td> </tr><tr> <td></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="South"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/14px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/21px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/28px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></td> <td></td> </tr><tr> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/B%E1%BA%AFc_K%E1%BA%A1n_province" title="Bắc Kạn province">Bắc Kạn province</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/L%E1%BA%A1ng_S%C6%A1n_province" title="Lạng Sơn province">Lạng Sơn province</a></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Subdivisions_of_Vietnam" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Subdivisions_of_Vietnam" title="Template:Subdivisions of Vietnam"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Subdivisions_of_Vietnam" title="Template talk:Subdivisions of Vietnam"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Subdivisions_of_Vietnam" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Subdivisions of Vietnam"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Subdivisions_of_Vietnam" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Subdivisions_of_Vietnam" title="Subdivisions of Vietnam">Subdivisions of Vietnam</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_Vietnam" title="Municipalities of Vietnam">Municipalities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Northern_Vietnam" title="Northern Vietnam">Northern</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Haiphong" title="Haiphong">Haiphong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanoi" title="Hanoi">Hanoi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Central_Vietnam" title="Central Vietnam">Central</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Da_Nang" title="Da Nang">Da Nang</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Southern_Vietnam" title="Southern Vietnam">Sothern</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/C%E1%BA%A7n_Th%C6%A1" title="Cần Thơ">Cần Thơ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh_City" title="Ho Chi Minh City">Ho Chi Minh City</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Vietnam" title="Provinces of Vietnam">Provinces</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Northeast_(Vietnam)" title="Northeast (Vietnam)">Northeast</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/B%E1%BA%AFc_Giang_province" title="Bắc Giang province">Bắc Giang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%E1%BA%AFc_K%E1%BA%A1n_province" title="Bắc Kạn province">Bắc Kạn</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Cao Bằng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%A0_Giang_province" title="Hà Giang province">Hà Giang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%E1%BA%A1ng_S%C6%A1n_province" title="Lạng Sơn province">Lạng Sơn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ph%C3%BA_Th%E1%BB%8D_province" title="Phú Thọ province">Phú Thọ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qu%E1%BA%A3ng_Ninh_province" title="Quảng Ninh province">Quảng Ninh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A1i_Nguy%C3%AAn_province" title="Thái Nguyên province">Thái Nguyên</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuy%C3%AAn_Quang_province" title="Tuyên Quang province">Tuyên Quang </a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Northwest_(Vietnam)" title="Northwest (Vietnam)">Northwest</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C4%90i%E1%BB%87n_Bi%C3%AAn_province" title="Điện Biên province">Điện Biên</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%B2a_B%C3%ACnh_province" title="Hòa Bình province">Hòa Bình</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lai_Ch%C3%A2u_province" title="Lai Châu province">Lai Châu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A0o_Cai_province" title="Lào Cai province">Lào Cai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C6%A1n_La_province" title="Sơn La province">Sơn La</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Y%C3%AAn_B%C3%A1i_province" title="Yên Bái province">Yên Bái</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Red_River_Delta" title="Red River Delta">Red River Delta</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/B%E1%BA%AFc_Ninh_province" title="Bắc Ninh province">Bắc Ninh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%A0_Nam_province" title="Hà Nam province">Hà Nam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%E1%BA%A3i_D%C6%B0%C6%A1ng_province" title="Hải Dương province">Hải Dương</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C6%B0ng_Y%C3%AAn_province" title="Hưng Yên province">Hưng Yên</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nam_%C4%90%E1%BB%8Bnh_province" title="Nam Định province">Nam Định</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ninh_B%C3%ACnh_province" title="Ninh Bình province">Ninh Bình</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A1i_B%C3%ACnh_province" title="Thái Bình province">Thái Bình</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C4%A9nh_Ph%C3%BAc_province" title="Vĩnh Phúc province">Vĩnh Phúc</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/North_Central_Coast" title="North Central Coast">North Central Coast</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%A0_T%C4%A9nh_province" title="Hà Tĩnh province">Hà Tĩnh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ngh%E1%BB%87_An_province" title="Nghệ An province">Nghệ An</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qu%E1%BA%A3ng_B%C3%ACnh_province" title="Quảng Bình province">Quảng Bình</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qu%E1%BA%A3ng_Tr%E1%BB%8B_province" title="Quảng Trị province">Quảng Trị</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thanh_H%C3%B3a_province" title="Thanh Hóa province">Thanh Hóa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Th%E1%BB%ABa_Thi%C3%AAn_Hu%E1%BA%BF_province" title="Thừa Thiên Huế province">Thừa Thiên Huế</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/South_Central_Coast" title="South Central Coast">South Central Coast</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%ACnh_%C4%90%E1%BB%8Bnh_province" title="Bình Định province">Bình Định</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%ACnh_Thu%E1%BA%ADn_province" title="Bình Thuận province">Bình Thuận</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kh%C3%A1nh_H%C3%B2a_province" title="Khánh Hòa province">Khánh Hòa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ninh_Thu%E1%BA%ADn_province" title="Ninh Thuận province">Ninh Thuận</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ph%C3%BA_Y%C3%AAn_province" title="Phú Yên province">Phú Yên</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qu%E1%BA%A3ng_Nam_province" title="Quảng Nam province">Quảng Nam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qu%E1%BA%A3ng_Ng%C3%A3i_province" title="Quảng Ngãi province">Quảng Ngãi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Central_Highlands_(Vietnam)" title="Central Highlands (Vietnam)">Central Highlands</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%AFk_L%E1%BA%AFk_province" title="Đắk Lắk province">Đắk Lắk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%90%C4%83k_N%C3%B4ng_province" title="Đăk Nông province">Đắk Nông</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gia_Lai_province" title="Gia Lai province">Gia Lai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kon_Tum_province" title="Kon Tum province">Kon Tum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A2m_%C4%90%E1%BB%93ng_province" title="Lâm Đồng province">Lâm Đồng</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Southeast_(Vietnam)" title="Southeast (Vietnam)">Southeast</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A0_R%E1%BB%8Ba%E2%80%93V%C5%A9ng_T%C3%A0u_province" title="Bà Rịa–Vũng Tàu province">Bà Rịa–Vũng Tàu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%ACnh_D%C6%B0%C6%A1ng_province" title="Bình Dương province">Bình Dương</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%ACnh_Ph%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Bc_province" title="Bình Phước province">Bình Phước</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%93ng_Nai_province" title="Đồng Nai province">Đồng Nai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%A2y_Ninh_province" title="Tây Ninh province">Tây Ninh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mekong_Delta" title="Mekong Delta">Mekong Delta</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/An_Giang_province" title="An Giang province">An Giang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%E1%BA%A1c_Li%C3%AAu_province" title="Bạc Liêu province">Bạc Liêu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%E1%BA%BFn_Tre_province" title="Bến Tre province">Bến Tre </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%C3%A0_Mau_province" title="Cà Mau province">Cà Mau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%93ng_Th%C3%A1p_province" title="Đồng Tháp province">Đồng Tháp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%E1%BA%ADu_Giang_province" title="Hậu Giang province">Hậu Giang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ki%C3%AAn_Giang_province" title="Kiên Giang province">Kiên Giang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_An_province" title="Long An province">Long An</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%B3c_Tr%C4%83ng_province" title="Sóc Trăng province">Sóc Trăng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ti%E1%BB%81n_Giang_province" title="Tiền Giang province">Tiền Giang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tr%C3%A0_Vinh_province" title="Trà Vinh province">Trà Vinh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C4%A9nh_Long_province" title="Vĩnh Long province">Vĩnh Long</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_district-level_subdivisions_in_Vietnam" title="List of district-level subdivisions in Vietnam">District level subdivisions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commune-level_subdivisions_(Vietnam)" title="Commune-level subdivisions (Vietnam)">Commune level subdivisions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Vietnam" title="List of cities in Vietnam">List of cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Vietnam#Historical_provinces_of_Vietnam" title="Provinces of Vietnam">List of former provinces</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36865#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36865#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36865#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/150258767">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1336644/">FAST</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4339036-5">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n95114233">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb124683542">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb124683542">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX6008084">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007533210605171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Cao Bằng"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/c70a1dff-5965-4c88-bea7-cf7b1be702f6">MusicBrainz area</a></span></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/189232846">IdRef</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cao_Bằng_province&oldid=1254089335">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cao_Bằng_province&oldid=1254089335</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Cao_B%E1%BA%B1ng_province" title="Category:Cao Bằng province">Cao Bằng province</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Northeast_(Vietnam)" title="Category:Northeast (Vietnam)">Northeast (Vietnam)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Provinces_of_Vietnam" title="Category:Provinces of Vietnam">Provinces of Vietnam</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_gadget_WikiMiniAtlas" title="Category:Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas">Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Chinese-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Chinese-language text">Articles containing Chinese-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Vietnamese-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Vietnamese-language text">Articles containing Vietnamese-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Vietnamese-language_sources_(vi)" title="Category:CS1 Vietnamese-language sources (vi)">CS1 Vietnamese-language sources (vi)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_multiple_image_with_auto_scaled_images" title="Category:Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images">Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Coordinates_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Coordinates on Wikidata">Coordinates on Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_the_Kartographer_extension" title="Category:Pages using the Kartographer extension">Pages using the Kartographer extension</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 29 October 2024, at 11:07<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cao_B%E1%BA%B1ng_province&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-7dfb9d98f5-kq4bf","wgBackendResponseTime":242,"wgKartographerLiveData":{"_d581e961e3c9e1112a56ccabb97ecee2ba518301":[{"type":"ExternalData","service":"geoshape","url":"https://maps.wikimedia.org/geoshape?getgeojson=1\u0026ids=Q36865","properties":{"title":"Cao Bằng province","fill-opacity":0.5,"stroke":"#FF0000","stroke-width":3,"fill":"#606060"}},{"type":"ExternalData","service":"geoline","url":"https://maps.wikimedia.org/geoline?getgeojson=1\u0026ids=Q36865","properties":{"stroke-width":5,"stroke":"#FF0000","title":"Cao Bằng province"}}]},"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"1.171","walltime":"1.417","ppvisitednodes":{"value":7312,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":141354,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":13778,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":29,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":8,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":130115,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1258.356 1 -total"," 30.31% 381.450 1 Template:Infobox_settlement"," 26.11% 328.522 1 Template:Infobox"," 21.45% 269.960 1 Template:Reflist"," 11.45% 144.102 4 Template:Lang"," 9.98% 125.626 1 Template:Cite_act"," 9.09% 114.339 1 Template:Geographic_location"," 7.47% 93.941 1 Template:Short_description"," 7.14% 89.809 19 Template:Cite_web"," 4.82% 60.656 4 Template:Pagetype"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.710","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":24743571,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-f7b5ccf54-dc82h","timestamp":"20241125152039","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Cao B\u1eb1ng province","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cao_B%E1%BA%B1ng_province","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q36865","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q36865","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2003-12-19T13:29:07Z","dateModified":"2024-10-29T11:07:44Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/9\/9b\/Ban_Gioc_-_Detian_Falls2.jpg","headline":"province of Vietnam"}</script> </body> </html>