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.infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Raphael Salaman</div><div class="honorific-suffix" style="font-size: 77%; font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Society_of_Antiquaries_of_London" title="Society of Antiquaries of London">FSA</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Raphael Arthur Salaman</div><br /><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1906-04-24</span>)</span>24 April 1906<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Barley,_Hertfordshire" title="Barley, Hertfordshire">Barley</a>, Hertfordshire, England</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">31 December 1993<span style="display:none">(1993-12-31)</span> (aged 87)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Harpenden" title="Harpenden">Harpenden</a>, Hertfordshire, England</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Nationality</th><td class="infobox-data category">British</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Education</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Bedales_School" title="Bedales School">Bedales School</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Alma mater</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/University_of_Cambridge" title="University of Cambridge">University of Cambridge</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation(s)</th><td class="infobox-data role">Tool collector, writer</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data org"><a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Labour Party (UK)">Labour</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;">Miriam Polianowsky</div> <div style="display:inline-block;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1933)<wbr /></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">3; including <a href="/wiki/Jenny_Manson" title="Jenny Manson">Jenny Manson</a> (daughter)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Parent(s)</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Redcliffe_N._Salaman" class="mw-redirect" title="Redcliffe N. Salaman">Redcliffe N. Salaman</a> (father)<br /><a href="/wiki/Nina_Salaman" title="Nina Salaman">Nina Ruth Davis</a> (mother)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Relatives</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Esther_Salaman_(writer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Esther Salaman (writer)">Esther Polianowsky</a> (sister-in-law)</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Raphael Arthur Salaman</b> <span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Society_of_Antiquaries_of_London" title="Society of Antiquaries of London">FSA</a></span> (24 April 1906 – 31 December 1993) was an English engineer, collector, and writer. His work recorded the <a href="/wiki/Hand_tool" title="Hand tool">hand tools</a> used in Britain during the 18th, 19th and early 20th centuries. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biography">Biography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raphael_Salaman&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Biography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Family_and_education">Family and education</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raphael_Salaman&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Family and education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>R. A. Salaman, also known as Raph, was born in <a href="/wiki/Barley,_Hertfordshire" title="Barley, Hertfordshire">Barley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hertfordshire" title="Hertfordshire">Hertfordshire</a> into a well-established <a href="/wiki/British_Jews" title="British Jews">Anglo-Jewish family</a>. His father was Dr <a href="/wiki/Redcliffe_N._Salaman" class="mw-redirect" title="Redcliffe N. Salaman">Redcliffe N. Salaman</a>, the botanist who wrote <i>The History and Social Influence of the Potato.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </i>His mother <a href="/wiki/Nina_Salaman" title="Nina Salaman">Nina</a> (<i>née</i> Davis) was a writer, poet and <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a> scholar who tried to teach him Hebrew, which he found hard unlike his elder brothers.<sup id="cite_ref-Karl_Popper_and_the_Two_New_Secrets_of_Life1_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Karl_Popper_and_the_Two_New_Secrets_of_Life1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, being Jewish was still important to Salaman and he used to tell his children about it and read the <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_Bible" title="Hebrew Bible">Bible</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-thejc_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-thejc-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Salaman family were <a href="/wiki/Ashkenazi_Jews" title="Ashkenazi Jews">Ashkenazi Jews</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-theguardian2_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-theguardian2-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> who, according to his father, migrated to Britain from either <a href="/wiki/Holland" title="Holland">Holland</a> or the <a href="/wiki/Rhineland" title="Rhineland">Rhineland</a> in the early 18th century.<sup id="cite_ref-Plumes_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Plumes-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His family were members of <a href="/wiki/Bevis_Marks_Synagogue" title="Bevis Marks Synagogue">Bevis Marks Synagogue</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-thejc_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-thejc-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Salaman's interest in tools developed from watching craftsmen in rural Hertfordshire.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Salaman attended <a href="/wiki/Bedales_School" title="Bedales School">Bedales School</a> and then studied engineering at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Cambridge" title="University of Cambridge">University of Cambridge</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-independent_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-independent-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Career">Career</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raphael_Salaman&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After university Salaman set up his own light-engineering company in London. During the Second World War, he went to work for Marks and Spencer, organizing air-raid precautions (ARP) and fire-fighting.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the war he continued to work for the retailer.<sup id="cite_ref-saulwordsworth.com_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-saulwordsworth.com-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His job involved travelling around Britain, which gave him the opportunity to collect tools. He collected hand tools related to trades that were becoming less common, including those of wheelwrights, coopers, farriers, saddlers and dairy workers. </p><p>His interest in tools was more than a hobby, and he contributed to scholarly research in the subject. In 1959 he worked on a piece entitled, <i>The Wheelwright's Art in Ancient China</i> with <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Needham" title="Joseph Needham">Joseph Needham</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lu_Gwei-djen" title="Lu Gwei-djen">Lu Gwei-djen</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Raph retired early and dedicated himself to compiling two definitive books about hand tools<sup id="cite_ref-theguardian_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-theguardian-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> that have become standard reference works and are in the holdings of many libraries worldwide. The first, <i>Dictionary of Woodworking Tools</i>, was first published in 1975.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His other book <i>Dictionary of Leather-working Tools, c. 1700–1950, and the Tools of Allied Trades</i> first came out in 1986.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Personal_life_and_death">Personal life and death</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raphael_Salaman&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Personal life and death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1933,<sup id="cite_ref-theguardian_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-theguardian-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Salaman married Miriam Polianowsky. The couple had one son and three daughters,<sup id="cite_ref-independent_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-independent-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> including <a href="/wiki/Jewish_Voice_for_Labour" title="Jewish Voice for Labour">Jewish Voice for Labour</a> Chair, <a href="/wiki/Jenny_Manson" title="Jenny Manson">Jenny Manson</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-thejc_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-thejc-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Their family were the only <a href="/wiki/Jewish" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish">Jewish</a> family in the town and according to his daughter Jenny Manson "the only family that voted <a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Labour Party (UK)">Labour</a>."<sup id="cite_ref-thejc_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-thejc-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He and his wife were Labour Party supporters and actively involved with <a href="/wiki/Campaign_for_Nuclear_Disarmament" title="Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament">CND</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-hgs_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hgs-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Salaman used to get news from <a href="/wiki/Amnesty_International" title="Amnesty International">Amnesty</a> and CND delivered.<sup id="cite_ref-thejc_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-thejc-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Salaman's elder brother Myer married Miriam's elder sister who became the writer <a href="/wiki/Esther_Salaman_(writer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Esther Salaman (writer)">Esther Salaman</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Karl_Popper_and_the_Two_New_Secrets_of_Life2_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Karl_Popper_and_the_Two_New_Secrets_of_Life2-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Salaman died in <a href="/wiki/Harpenden,_Hertfordshire" class="mw-redirect" title="Harpenden, Hertfordshire">Harpenden, Hertfordshire</a>, on 31 December 1993.<sup id="cite_ref-independent_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-independent-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raphael_Salaman&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Salaman's collection of hand tools was bought by St Albans Museums Service. Part of the collection was on display for many years at the Museum of St Albans, but in 2010 it was removed from permanent exhibition.<sup id="cite_ref-saulwordsworth.com_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-saulwordsworth.com-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The tools remain in the reserve collection of the Museum Service. Some of his catalogues, price lists, books and drawings featured in an auction sale organized by David Stanley and held in Loughborough in 1987.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Salaman Awards and Grants were established in memory of Raphael Salaman and are available to successful applicants through the <a href="/wiki/Tools_and_Trades_History_Society" title="Tools and Trades History Society">Tools and Trades History Society</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raphael_Salaman&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_Jews" title="British Jews">British Jews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_British_Jewish_writers" title="List of British Jewish writers">List of British Jewish writers</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raphael_Salaman&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Salaman, Redcliffe N. (1949; 2nd edition with new introduction and emendations by J. G. Hawkes 1985) <i>The History and Social Influence of the Potato</i> Cambridge: Cambridge University Press <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-31623-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-31623-1">978-0-521-31623-1</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Karl_Popper_and_the_Two_New_Secrets_of_Life1-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Karl_Popper_and_the_Two_New_Secrets_of_Life1_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFNiemann2014" class="citation book cs1">Niemann, Hans-Joachim (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=RTPpiAMuZRcC&pg=PA39"><i>Karl Popper and the Two New Secrets of Life</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Mohr_Siebeck" title="Mohr Siebeck">Mohr Siebeck</a>. p. 39. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3161532078" title="Special:BookSources/978-3161532078"><bdi>978-3161532078</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210314171938/https://books.google.com/books?id=RTPpiAMuZRcC&pg=PA39">Archived</a> from the original on 14 March 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 October</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Karl+Popper+and+the+Two+New+Secrets+of+Life&rft.pages=39&rft.pub=Mohr+Siebeck&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-3161532078&rft.aulast=Niemann&rft.aufirst=Hans-Joachim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DRTPpiAMuZRcC%26pg%3DPA39&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARaphael+Salaman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-thejc-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-thejc_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-thejc_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-thejc_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-thejc_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-thejc_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDoherty2018" class="citation news cs1">Doherty, Rosa (19 June 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thejc.com/news/news-features/jeremy-corbyn-s-devoted-defender-jewish-voice-for-labour-jenny-manson-1.465660">"Meet Jeremy Corbyn's devoted Jewish defender: Jenny Manson"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Jewish_Chronicle" title="The Jewish Chronicle">The Jewish Chronicle</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190427030502/https://www.thejc.com/news/news-features/jeremy-corbyn-s-devoted-defender-jewish-voice-for-labour-jenny-manson-1.465660">Archived</a> from the original on 27 April 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 July</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Jewish+Chronicle&rft.atitle=Meet+Jeremy+Corbyn%27s+devoted+Jewish+defender%3A+Jenny+Manson&rft.date=2018-06-19&rft.aulast=Doherty&rft.aufirst=Rosa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thejc.com%2Fnews%2Fnews-features%2Fjeremy-corbyn-s-devoted-defender-jewish-voice-for-labour-jenny-manson-1.465660&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARaphael+Salaman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-theguardian2-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-theguardian2_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMorrison2013" class="citation news cs1">Morrison, Blake (11 October 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/books/2003/oct/11/featuresreviews.guardianreview2">"Generation gap"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221003155829/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2003/oct/11/featuresreviews.guardianreview2">Archived</a> from the original on 3 October 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 July</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Generation+gap&rft.date=2013-10-11&rft.aulast=Morrison&rft.aufirst=Blake&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fbooks%2F2003%2Foct%2F11%2Ffeaturesreviews.guardianreview2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARaphael+Salaman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Plumes-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Plumes_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFStein2010" class="citation book cs1">Stein, Sarah Abrevaya (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ikHj7Xc9lJUC&pg=PA180"><i>Plumes: Ostrich Feathers, Jews, and a Lost World of Global Commerce</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Yale_University_Press" title="Yale University Press">Yale University Press</a>. p. 180. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0300168181" title="Special:BookSources/978-0300168181"><bdi>978-0300168181</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221003155829/https://books.google.com/books?id=ikHj7Xc9lJUC&pg=PA180">Archived</a> from the original on 3 October 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 October</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Plumes%3A+Ostrich+Feathers%2C+Jews%2C+and+a+Lost+World+of+Global+Commerce&rft.pages=180&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0300168181&rft.aulast=Stein&rft.aufirst=Sarah+Abrevaya&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DikHj7Xc9lJUC%26pg%3DPA180&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARaphael+Salaman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-independent-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-independent_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-independent_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-independent_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKessler1994" class="citation news cs1">Kessler, David (13 January 1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/obituary-r-a-salaman-1399714.html">"Obituary: R. A. Salaman"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Independent" title="The Independent">The Independent</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180701054758/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/obituary-r-a-salaman-1399714.html">Archived</a> from the original on 1 July 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 October</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Obituary%3A+R.+A.+Salaman&rft.date=1994-01-13&rft.aulast=Kessler&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fpeople%2Fobituary-r-a-salaman-1399714.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARaphael+Salaman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.harpenden-history.org.uk/page_id__371.aspx?path=0p3p">"Raphael Salaman - 1906-1993"</a>. <i>www.harpenden-history.org.uk</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141106002523/http://www.harpenden-history.org.uk/page_id__371.aspx?path=0p3p">Archived</a> from the original on 6 November 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 November</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.harpenden-history.org.uk&rft.atitle=Raphael+Salaman+-+1906-1993&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.harpenden-history.org.uk%2Fpage_id__371.aspx%3Fpath%3D0p3p&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARaphael+Salaman" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="Please supply either "|first=" and the actual title of the cited work, or use "|title=[untitled]" for intentional omission. (May 2022)">title missing</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-saulwordsworth.com-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-saulwordsworth.com_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-saulwordsworth.com_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.saulwordsworth.com/blog/?p=373">"On Raphael Salaman (1906-1993)"</a>. <i>www.saulwordsworth.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221003155832/https://www.saulwordsworth.com/online-petition-to-save-family/">Archived</a> from the original on 3 October 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 November</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.saulwordsworth.com&rft.atitle=On+Raphael+Salaman+%281906-1993%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.saulwordsworth.com%2Fblog%2F%3Fp%3D373&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARaphael+Salaman" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="Please supply either "|first=" and the actual title of the cited work, or use "|title=[untitled]" for intentional omission. (May 2022)">title missing</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://collections.si.edu/search/results.htm?q=record_ID:siris_sil_894791">"The wheelwright's art in ancient China / Lu Gwei-Djen, Raphel A. Salaman and Joseph Needham"</a>. Smithsonian Institution. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221003155833/https://collections.si.edu/search/results.htm?q=record_ID:siris_sil_894791">Archived</a> from the original on 3 October 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 August</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+wheelwright%27s+art+in+ancient+China+%2F+Lu+Gwei-Djen%2C+Raphel+A.+Salaman+and+Joseph+Needham&rft.pub=Smithsonian+Institution&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcollections.si.edu%2Fsearch%2Fresults.htm%3Fq%3Drecord_ID%3Asiris_sil_894791&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARaphael+Salaman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-theguardian-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-theguardian_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-theguardian_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWordsworth2011" class="citation news cs1">Wordsworth, Saul (15 January 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2011/jan/15/saul-wordsworth-ukraine-grandmother">"The adventures of Miriam"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180701030845/https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2011/jan/15/saul-wordsworth-ukraine-grandmother">Archived</a> from the original on 1 July 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 July</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=The+adventures+of+Miriam&rft.date=2011-01-15&rft.aulast=Wordsworth&rft.aufirst=Saul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Flifeandstyle%2F2011%2Fjan%2F15%2Fsaul-wordsworth-ukraine-grandmother&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARaphael+Salaman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Salaman, R. A., with foreword by Joseph Needham (1997, revised by Philip Walker). <i>Dictionary of Woodworking Tools, c. 1700–1970, and Tools of Allied Trades</i> Mendham, NJ: Astragal Press <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-879335-79-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-879335-79-0">978-1-879335-79-0</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Salaman, R. A. (1996). <i>Dictionary of Leather-working Tools, c. 1700–1950, and the Tools of Allied Trades</i> Mendham, NJ: Astragal Press <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-879335-72-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-879335-72-1">978-1-879335-72-1</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hgs-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-hgs_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hgs.org.uk/suburbnews/sn104/sn-7.pdf">"What It Feels Like to Be Me"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. No. 104. Suburb News. 2010. p. 7. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180701030639/http://www.hgs.org.uk/suburbnews/sn104/sn-7.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 1 July 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 July</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=What+It+Feels+Like+to+Be+Me&rft.issue=104&rft.pages=7&rft.date=2010&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hgs.org.uk%2Fsuburbnews%2Fsn104%2Fsn-7.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARaphael+Salaman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Karl_Popper_and_the_Two_New_Secrets_of_Life2-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Karl_Popper_and_the_Two_New_Secrets_of_Life2_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFNiemann2014" class="citation book cs1">Niemann, Hans-Joachim (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=RTPpiAMuZRcC&pg=PA40"><i>Karl Popper and the Two New Secrets of Life</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Mohr_Siebeck" title="Mohr Siebeck">Mohr Siebeck</a>. p. 40. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3161532078" title="Special:BookSources/978-3161532078"><bdi>978-3161532078</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220224090041/https://books.google.com/books?id=RTPpiAMuZRcC&pg=PA40">Archived</a> from the original on 24 February 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 October</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Karl+Popper+and+the+Two+New+Secrets+of+Life&rft.pages=40&rft.pub=Mohr+Siebeck&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-3161532078&rft.aulast=Niemann&rft.aufirst=Hans-Joachim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DRTPpiAMuZRcC%26pg%3DPA40&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARaphael+Salaman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Special Consignment Sale by Auction of Quality Antique Woodworking & Allied Trades, Tools, Treen & Bygones: To Include a Rare Collection of Early Catalogues, Price Lists, Books & Drawings from Mr R.A. Salaman, the Kings Head Hotel, High Street, Loughborough, Leicestershire: Tuesday 23 June 1987</i>. Osgathorpe: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://davidstanley.com/">David Stanley Auctions</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150504225110/http://davidstanley.com/">Archived</a> 4 May 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://taths.org.uk/about/awards-and-grants">Salaman Awards and Grants</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210122072124/https://taths.org.uk/about/awards-and-grants">Archived</a> 22 January 2021 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span 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class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/965453">Trove</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Raphael_Salaman&oldid=1206953135">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Raphael_Salaman&oldid=1206953135</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1906_births" title="Category:1906 births">1906 births</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1993_deaths" title="Category:1993 deaths">1993 deaths</a></li><li><a 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