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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Foundation_of_the_colleges"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2 Foundation of the colleges </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Foundation_of_the_colleges-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mathematics_and_mathematical_physics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mathematics_and_mathematical_physics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.3 Mathematics and mathematical physics </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mathematics_and_mathematical_physics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Modern_period" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modern_period"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.4 Modern period </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Modern_period-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Parliamentary_representation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Parliamentary_representation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.4.1 Parliamentary representation </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Parliamentary_representation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Women's_education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Women's_education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.5 Women's education </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Women's_education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Town_and_gown" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Town_and_gown"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.6 Town and gown </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Town_and_gown-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Myths,_legends_and_traditions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Myths,_legends_and_traditions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.7 Myths, legends and traditions </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Myths,_legends_and_traditions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Locations_and_buildings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Locations_and_buildings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Locations and buildings </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Locations_and_buildings-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Locations and buildings subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Locations_and_buildings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Buildings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Buildings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Buildings </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Buildings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sites" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sites"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 Sites </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sites-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_locations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_locations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 Notable locations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_locations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Organisation_and_administration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Organisation_and_administration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Organisation and administration </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Organisation_and_administration-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Organisation and administration subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Organisation_and_administration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Colleges" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Colleges"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Colleges </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Colleges-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Schools,_faculties_and_departments" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Schools,_faculties_and_departments"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Schools, faculties and departments </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Schools,_faculties_and_departments-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Central_administration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Central_administration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 Central administration </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Central_administration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Chancellor_and_Vice-Chancellor" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chancellor_and_Vice-Chancellor"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3.1 Chancellor and Vice-Chancellor </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chancellor_and_Vice-Chancellor-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Senate_and_the_Regent_House" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Senate_and_the_Regent_House"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3.2 Senate and the Regent House </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Senate_and_the_Regent_House-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Council_and_General_Board" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Council_and_General_Board"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3.3 Council and General Board </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Council_and_General_Board-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Finances" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Finances"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.4 Finances </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Finances-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Endowment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Endowment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.4.1 Endowment </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Endowment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Benefactions_and_fundraising" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Benefactions_and_fundraising"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.4.2 Benefactions and fundraising </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Benefactions_and_fundraising-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bonds" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bonds"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.4.3 Bonds </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bonds-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Affiliations_and_memberships" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Affiliations_and_memberships"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.5 Affiliations and memberships </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Affiliations_and_memberships-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Academic_profile" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Academic_profile"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Academic profile </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Academic_profile-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Academic profile subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Academic_profile-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Admissions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Admissions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Admissions </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Admissions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Process" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Process"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1.1 Process </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Process-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Winter_pool" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Winter_pool"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1.2 Winter pool </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Winter_pool-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Access" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Access"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1.3 Access </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Access-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Teaching" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Teaching"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 Teaching </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Teaching-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Research" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Research"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3 Research </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Research-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Graduation_tradition_and_ceremony" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Graduation_tradition_and_ceremony"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.4 Graduation tradition and ceremony </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Graduation_tradition_and_ceremony-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Libraries_and_museums" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Libraries_and_museums"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.5 Libraries and museums </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Libraries_and_museums-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Publishing_and_assessments" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Publishing_and_assessments"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.6 Publishing and assessments </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Publishing_and_assessments-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Awards" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Awards"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.7 Awards </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Awards-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reputation_and_rankings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reputation_and_rankings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.8 Reputation and rankings </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reputation_and_rankings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Student_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Student_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Student life </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Student_life-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Student life subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Student_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Formal_halls_and_May_balls" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Formal_halls_and_May_balls"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Formal halls and May balls </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Formal_halls_and_May_balls-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-JCR_and_MCR" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#JCR_and_MCR"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 JCR and MCR </div> </a> <ul id="toc-JCR_and_MCR-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Societies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Societies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.3 Societies </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Societies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.4 Sports </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Student_newspapers_and_radio" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Student_newspapers_and_radio"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.5 Student newspapers and radio </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Student_newspapers_and_radio-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Student_Union" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Student_Union"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.6 Student Union </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Student_Union-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Politics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Politics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.7 Politics </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Politics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_alumni_and_academics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_alumni_and_academics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Notable alumni and academics </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Notable_alumni_and_academics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Notable alumni and academics subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Notable_alumni_and_academics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 Education </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Humanities,_music,_and_art" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Humanities,_music,_and_art"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2 Humanities, music, and art </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Humanities,_music,_and_art-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Literature" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literature"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.3 Literature </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literature-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mathematics_and_sciences" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mathematics_and_sciences"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.4 Mathematics and sciences </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mathematics_and_sciences-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Politics_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Politics_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.5 Politics </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Politics_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sports_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sports_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.6 Sports </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sports_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Technology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Technology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.7 Technology </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Technology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_literature_and_popular_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_literature_and_popular_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 In literature and popular culture </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_literature_and_popular_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gallery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gallery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Gallery </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 References </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle References subsection </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11.1 Citations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11.2 Sources </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 Bibliography </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">University of Cambridge</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 122 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-122" aria-hidden="true" > 122 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universiteit_van_Cambridge" title="Universiteit van Cambridge – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Universiteit van Cambridge" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8B%A9%E1%8A%92%E1%89%A8%E1%88%AD%E1%88%B5%E1%89%B2_%E1%8A%A6%E1%8D%8D_%E1%8A%AC%E1%88%9D%E1%89%A5%E1%88%AA%E1%8C%85" title="ዩኒቨርስቲ ኦፍ ኬምብሪጅ – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ዩኒቨርስቲ ኦፍ ኬምብሪጅ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target">አማርኛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%AF" title="कैम्ब्रिज विश्वविद्यालय – Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="कैम्ब्रिज विश्वविद्यालय" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target">अंगिका</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%9F%D1%8C_%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Кембриџь ауниверситет – Abkhazian" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Кембриџь ауниверситет" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="Abkhazian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Аԥсшәа</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9_%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AF%D8%AC" title="جامعة كامبريدج – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جامعة كامبريدج" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universidat_de_Cambridge" title="Universidat de Cambridge – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Universidat de Cambridge" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8D%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9C_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC" title="কেমব্ৰিজ বিশ্ববিদ্যালয় – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="কেমব্ৰিজ বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">অসমীয়া</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universid%C3%A1_de_Cambridge" title="Universidá de Cambridge – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Universidá de Cambridge" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kembric_Universiteti" title="Kembric Universiteti – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Kembric Universiteti" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AC_%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%85%E2%80%8C%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%88" title="کمبریج بیلیم‌یوردو – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="کمبریج بیلیم‌یوردو" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Univ%C3%A9rsitas_Cambridge" title="Univérsitas Cambridge – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Univérsitas Cambridge" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Bali</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9C_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC" title="কেমব্রিজ বিশ্ববিদ্যালয় – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="কেমব্রিজ বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambridge_T%C4%81i-ha%CC%8Dk" title="Cambridge Tāi-ha̍k – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Cambridge Tāi-ha̍k" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B6_%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8B" title="Кембридж университеты – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Кембридж университеты" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target">Башҡортса</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B4%D0%B6%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96_%D1%9E%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D1%96%D1%82%D1%8D%D1%82" title="Кембрыджскі ўніверсітэт – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Кембрыджскі ўніверсітэт" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B4%D0%B7%D0%BA%D1%96_%D1%9E%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B2%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%81%D1%8B%D1%82%D1%8D%D1%82" title="Кембрыдзкі ўнівэрсытэт – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Кембрыдзкі ўнівэрсытэт" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Кеймбриджки университет – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Кеймбриджки университет" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universitat_de_Cambridge" title="Universitat de Cambridge – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Universitat de Cambridge" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B6_%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%87%C4%95" title="Кембридж университечĕ – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Кембридж университечĕ" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target">Чӑвашла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Cambridge" title="University of Cambridge – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="University of Cambridge" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cebuano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Univerzita_v_Cambridgi" title="Univerzita v Cambridgi – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Univerzita v Cambridgi" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prifysgol_Caergrawnt" title="Prifysgol Caergrawnt – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Prifysgol Caergrawnt" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Cambridge" title="University of Cambridge – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="University of Cambridge" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9_%D8%AF_%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AF%D8%AC" title="لجامعة د كامبريدج – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="لجامعة د كامبريدج" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">الدارجة</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Cambridge" title="University of Cambridge – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="University of Cambridge" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambridge%27i_%C3%9Clikool" title="Cambridge'i Ülikool – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Cambridge'i Ülikool" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B5%CF%80%CE%B9%CF%83%CF%84%CE%AE%CE%BC%CE%B9%CE%BF_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%9A%CE%AD%CE%B9%CE%BC%CF%80%CF%81%CE%B9%CF%84%CE%B6" title="Πανεπιστήμιο του Κέιμπριτζ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Πανεπιστήμιο του Κέιμπριτζ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universidad_de_Cambridge" title="Universidad de Cambridge – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Universidad de Cambridge" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universitato_de_Kembri%C4%9Do" title="Universitato de Kembriĝo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Universitato de Kembriĝo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambridgeko_Unibertsitatea" title="Cambridgeko Unibertsitatea – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Cambridgeko Unibertsitatea" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B4%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%87_%DA%A9%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AC" title="دانشگاه کمبریج – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دانشگاه کمبریج" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Cambridge" title="University of Cambridge – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="University of Cambridge" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Føroyskt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universit%C3%A9_de_Cambridge" title="Université de Cambridge – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Université de Cambridge" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universiteit_fan_Cambridge" title="Universiteit fan Cambridge – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Universiteit fan Cambridge" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ollscoil_Cambridge" title="Ollscoil Cambridge – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Ollscoil Cambridge" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oilthigh_Chambridge" title="Oilthigh Chambridge – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Oilthigh Chambridge" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gàidhlig</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universidade_de_Cambridge" title="Universidade de Cambridge – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Universidade de Cambridge" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%95%E0%AB%87%E0%AA%AE%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%AC%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%B0%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%9C_%E0%AA%B5%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%B6%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%B5%E0%AA%B5%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%A6%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%AF%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%B2%E0%AA%AF" title="કેમ્બ્રિજ વિશ્વવિદ્યાલય – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="કેમ્બ્રિજ વિશ્વવિદ્યાલય" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target">ગુજરાતી</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambridge_Thai-ho%CC%8Dk" title="Cambridge Thai-ho̍k – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Cambridge Thai-ho̍k" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%BC%80%EC%9E%84%EB%B8%8C%EB%A6%AC%EC%A7%80_%EB%8C%80%ED%95%99%EA%B5%90" title="케임브리지 대학교 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="케임브리지 대학교" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%94%D5%A5%D5%B4%D5%A2%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%BB%D5%AB_%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%AC%D5%BD%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B6" title="Քեմբրիջի համալսարան – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Քեմբրիջի համալսարան" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%AF" title="कैम्ब्रिज विश्वविद्यालय – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="कैम्ब्रिज विश्वविद्यालय" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sveu%C4%8Dili%C5%A1te_u_Cambridgeu" title="Sveučilište u Cambridgeu – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Sveučilište u Cambridgeu" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universitas_Cambridge" title="Universitas Cambridge – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Universitas Cambridge" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universitate_de_Cambridge" title="Universitate de Cambridge – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Universitate de Cambridge" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambridge-h%C3%A1sk%C3%B3li" title="Cambridge-háskóli – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Cambridge-háskóli" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universit%C3%A0_di_Cambridge" title="Università di Cambridge – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Università di Cambridge" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%98%D7%AA_%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%93%D7%92%27" title="אוניברסיטת קיימברידג' – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אוניברסיטת קיימברידג'" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universitas_Cambridge" title="Universitas Cambridge – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Universitas Cambridge" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambridge_sukuli_k%C9%A9t%C9%9Bz%CA%8A%CA%8A" title="Cambridge sukuli kɩtɛzʊʊ – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Cambridge sukuli kɩtɛzʊʊ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kabɩyɛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%87%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%AC%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%A1%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%9C%E0%B3%8D%E2%80%8C%E2%80%8C%E2%80%8C%E2%80%8C%E2%80%8C%E2%80%8C%E2%80%8C%E2%80%8C%E2%80%8C%E2%80%8C%E2%80%8C_%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%B6%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%A6%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%B2%E0%B2%AF" title="ಕೇಂಬ್ರಿಡ್ಜ್‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌ ವಿಶ್ವವಿದ್ಯಾನಿಲಯ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಕೇಂಬ್ರಿಡ್ಜ್‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌ ವಿಶ್ವವಿದ್ಯಾನಿಲಯ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%94%E1%83%9B%E1%83%91%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%AF%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%95%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98" title="კემბრიჯის უნივერსიტეტი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="კემბრიჯის უნივერსიტეტი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B6_%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%96" title="Кембридж университеті – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Кембридж университеті" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaminuza_ya_Cambridge" title="Kaminuza ya Cambridge – Kinyarwanda" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Kaminuza ya Cambridge" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="Kinyarwanda" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ikinyarwanda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chuo_Kikuu_cha_Cambridge" title="Chuo Kikuu cha Cambridge – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Chuo Kikuu cha Cambridge" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zan%C3%AEngeha_Cambridge" title="Zanîngeha Cambridge – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Zanîngeha Cambridge" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universitas_Cantabrigiensis" title="Universitas Cantabrigiensis – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Universitas Cantabrigiensis" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kembrid%C5%BEas_Universit%C4%81te" title="Kembridžas Universitāte – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Kembridžas Universitāte" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universit%C3%A9it_vu_Cambridge" title="Universitéit vu Cambridge – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Universitéit vu Cambridge" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kembrid%C5%BEo_universitetas" title="Kembridžo universitetas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Kembridžo universitetas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambridge-i_Egyetem" title="Cambridge-i Egyetem – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Cambridge-i Egyetem" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Кембрички универзитет – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Кембрички универзитет" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9C%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B6%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B2" title="കേംബ്രിഡ്ജ് സർവകലാശാല – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="കേംബ്രിഡ്ജ് സർവകലാശാല" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%91%E0%A4%AB_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C" title="युनिव्हर्सिटी ऑफ केंब्रिज – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="युनिव्हर्सिटी ऑफ केंब्रिज" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%94%E1%83%9B%E1%83%91%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%AF%E1%83%98%E1%83%A8_%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%95%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98" title="კემბრიჯიშ უნივერსიტეტი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="კემბრიჯიშ უნივერსიტეტი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9_%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AF%D8%AC" title="جامعة كامبريدج – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="جامعة كامبريدج" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universiti_Cambridge" title="Universiti Cambridge – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Universiti Cambridge" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D0%98%D1%85_%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3%D1%83%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Кембрижийн Их Сургууль – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Кембрижийн Их Сургууль" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%80%E1%80%AD%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%98%E1%80%9B%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA%E1%80%81%E1%80%BB%E1%80%BA_%E1%80%90%E1%80%80%E1%80%B9%E1%80%80%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%9C%E1%80%BA" title="ကိန်းဘရစ်ချ် တက္ကသိုလ် – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ကိန်းဘရစ်ချ် တက္ကသိုလ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universiteit_van_Cambridge" title="Universiteit van Cambridge – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Universiteit van Cambridge" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%AF" title="क्याम्ब्रिज विश्वविद्यालय – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="क्याम्ब्रिज विश्वविद्यालय" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B1%E3%83%B3%E3%83%96%E3%83%AA%E3%83%83%E3%82%B8%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6" title="ケンブリッジ大学 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ケンブリッジ大学" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Cambridge" title="University of Cambridge – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="University of Cambridge" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Cambridge" title="University of Cambridge – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="University of Cambridge" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unniv%C3%A8rsit%C3%A9_d%27Cambridge" title="Unnivèrsité d'Cambridge – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Unnivèrsité d'Cambridge" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nouormand</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kembrij_universiteti" title="Kembrij universiteti – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Kembrij universiteti" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%9C_%E0%A8%AF%E0%A9%82%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%9F%E0%A9%80" title="ਕੈਂਬਰਿਜ ਯੂਨੀਵਰਸਿਟੀ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਕੈਂਬਰਿਜ ਯੂਨੀਵਰਸਿਟੀ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AC_%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%B9%DB%8C" title="کیمبرج یونیورسٹی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="کیمبرج یونیورسٹی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universidat_di_Cambridge" title="Universidat di Cambridge – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Universidat di Cambridge" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target">Papiamentu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF_%DA%A9%DB%90%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%B1%DB%90%D8%AC_%D9%BE%D9%88%D9%87%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86" title="د کېمبرېج پوهنتون – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="د کېمبرېج پوهنتون" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universit%C3%A0_%C3%ABd_Cambridge" title="Università ëd Cambridge – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Università ëd Cambridge" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Piemontèis</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Cambridge" title="University of Cambridge – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="University of Cambridge" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universidade_de_Cambridge" title="Universidade de Cambridge – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Universidade de Cambridge" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kembridj_universiteti" title="Kembridj universiteti – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Kembridj universiteti" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Qaraqalpaqsha</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universitatea_Cambridge" title="Universitatea Cambridge – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Universitatea Cambridge" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambridge_Yachay_Suntur" title="Cambridge Yachay Suntur – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Cambridge Yachay Suntur" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%80%D1%96%D0%B4%D0%B6%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B7%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Кембріджска універзіта – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Кембріджска універзіта" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русиньскый</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B6%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Кембриджский университет – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Кембриджский университет" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B6_%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Кембридж университета – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Кембридж университета" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target">Саха тыла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varsity_o_Cambridge" title="Varsity o Cambridge – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Varsity o Cambridge" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universiteti_i_Kembrixhit" title="Universiteti i Kembrixhit – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Universiteti i Kembrixhit" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Univirsitati_di_Cambridge" title="Univirsitati di Cambridge – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Univirsitati di Cambridge" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sicilianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%9A%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%B6%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%8A_%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%81%E0%B7%8A%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%BD%E0%B6%BA" title="කේම්බ්‍රිජ් විශ්වවිද්‍යාලය – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="කේම්බ්‍රිජ් විශ්වවිද්‍යාලය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target">සිංහල</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Cambridge" title="University of Cambridge – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="University of Cambridge" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AA%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AC_%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%BD%D9%8A" title="ڪيمبرج يونيورسٽي – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ڪيمبرج يونيورسٽي" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target">سنڌي</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Cambridge" title="University of Cambridge – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="University of Cambridge" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Univerza_v_Cambridgeu" title="Univerza v Cambridgeu – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Univerza v Cambridgeu" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaamacadda_Cambridge" title="Jaamacadda Cambridge – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Jaamacadda Cambridge" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target">Soomaaliga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%A9%DB%86%DB%8C_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AC" title="زانکۆی کامبریج – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="زانکۆی کامبریج" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82_%D1%83_%D0%9A%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%9F%D1%83" title="Универзитет у Кембриџу – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Универзитет у Кембриџу" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Univerzitet_u_Cambridgeu" title="Univerzitet u Cambridgeu – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Univerzitet u Cambridgeu" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambridgen_yliopisto" title="Cambridgen yliopisto – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Cambridgen yliopisto" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universitetet_i_Cambridge" title="Universitetet i Cambridge – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Universitetet i Cambridge" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unibersidad_ng_Cambridge" title="Unibersidad ng Cambridge – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Unibersidad ng Cambridge" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="கேம்பிரிச்சுப் பல்கலைக்கழகம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கேம்பிரிச்சுப் பல்கலைக்கழகம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tasdawit_n_Kambri%C7%A7" title="Tasdawit n Kambriǧ – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Tasdawit n Kambriǧ" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target">Taqbaylit</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kembric_universitet%C4%B1" title="Kembric universitetı – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Kembric universitetı" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%AC%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%A1%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%9C%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%B6%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%A6%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%82" title="కేంబ్రిడ్జ్ విశ్వవిద్యాలయం – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="కేంబ్రిడ్జ్ విశ్వవిద్యాలయం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target">తెలుగు</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%88%E0%B9%8C" title="มหาวิทยาลัยเคมบริดจ์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="มหาวิทยาลัยเคมบริดจ์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%B3%D0%BE%D2%B3%D0%B8_%D0%9A%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B8%D2%B7" title="Донишгоҳи Кембриҷ – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Донишгоҳи Кембриҷ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тоҷикӣ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambridge_%C3%9Cniversitesi" title="Cambridge Üniversitesi – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Cambridge Üniversitesi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tw mw-list-item"><a href="https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Cambridge" title="University of Cambridge – Twi" lang="tw" hreflang="tw" data-title="University of Cambridge" data-language-autonym="Twi" data-language-local-name="Twi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Twi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B6%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Кембриджський університет – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Кембриджський університет" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%DB%81_%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AC" title="جامعہ کیمبرج – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="جامعہ کیمبرج" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%89%D8%AC_%D8%A6%DB%87%D9%86%D9%89%DB%8B%DB%90%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%AA%DB%90%D8%AA%D9%89" title="كامبرىج ئۇنىۋېرستېتى – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="كامبرىج ئۇنىۋېرستېتى" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target">ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%A1i_h%E1%BB%8Dc_Cambridge" title="Đại học Cambridge – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Đại học Cambridge" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unibersidad_han_Cambridge" title="Unibersidad han Cambridge – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Unibersidad han Cambridge" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%89%91%E6%A1%A5%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6" title="剑桥大学 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="剑桥大学" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%95%D7%95%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%98%D7%A2%D7%98_%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%9F_%D7%A7%D7%A2%D7%9E%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%93%D7%96%D7%A9" title="אוניווערסיטעט פון קעמברידזש – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="אוניווערסיטעט פון קעמברידזש" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target">ייִדיש</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8A%8D%E6%A9%8B%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8" title="劍橋大學 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="劍橋大學" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%89%91%E6%A1%A5%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6" title="剑桥大学 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="剑桥大学" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uniwersit%C3%A8t_K%C3%A8mbrit" title="Uniwersitèt Kèmbrit – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Uniwersitèt Kèmbrit" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Betawi</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q35794#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div 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.geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=University_of_Cambridge&params=52_12_19_N_0_7_2_E_type:edu_region:GB-CAM">52°12′19″N 0°7′2″E / 52.20528°N 0.11722°E / 52.20528; 0.11722</a></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Public collegiate university in England</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Cambridge University" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Cambridge University (disambiguation)">Cambridge University (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">University of Cambridge</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_Arms_of_the_University_of_Cambridge.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Coat_of_Arms_of_the_University_of_Cambridge.svg/150px-Coat_of_Arms_of_the_University_of_Cambridge.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Coat_of_Arms_of_the_University_of_Cambridge.svg/225px-Coat_of_Arms_of_the_University_of_Cambridge.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Coat_of_Arms_of_the_University_of_Cambridge.svg/300px-Coat_of_Arms_of_the_University_of_Cambridge.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="2339" /></a><div class="infobox-caption"><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_the_University_of_Cambridge" title="Coat of arms of the University of Cambridge">Coat of arms</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data nickname"><a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a>: Universitas Cantabrigiensis<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Other name</div></th><td class="infobox-data nickname">The Chancellor, Masters and Scholars of the University of Cambridge</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Motto</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a>: Hinc lucem et pocula sacra</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Motto in English</div></th><td class="infobox-data">Literal: From here, light and sacred draughts. Nonliteral: From this place, we gain enlightenment and precious knowledge.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Public_university" title="Public university">Public</a> <a href="/wiki/Research_university" title="Research university">research university</a> <a href="/wiki/Ancient_university" title="Ancient university">Ancient university</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Established</th><td class="infobox-data"><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1209; 815 years ago (1209)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Financial_endowment" title="Financial endowment">Endowment</a></th><td class="infobox-data">£2.47 billion (2023; excluding colleges)<a href="#cite_note-annualfinstat23-4">[4]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Budget</th><td class="infobox-data">£2.32 billion (2022/2023; excluding colleges)<a href="#cite_note-finstat23-5">[5]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Chancellor_(education)" title="Chancellor (education)">Chancellor</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/David_Sainsbury,_Baron_Sainsbury_of_Turville" title="David Sainsbury, Baron Sainsbury of Turville">The Lord Sainsbury of Turville</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Vice-Chancellor" class="mw-redirect" title="Vice-Chancellor">Vice-Chancellor</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Deborah_Prentice" title="Deborah Prentice">Deborah Prentice</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Academic staff</div></th><td class="infobox-data">5,940 (2022/23)<a href="#cite_note-HESAStaff-6">[6]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Administrative staff</div></th><td class="infobox-data">6,525 (2022/23)<a href="#cite_note-HESAStaff-6">[6]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Students</th><td class="infobox-data">22,975 (2022/23)<a href="#cite_note-HESAStudents-7">[7]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Undergraduate_education" title="Undergraduate education">Undergraduates</a></th><td class="infobox-data">13,750 (2022/23)<a href="#cite_note-HESAStudents-7">[7]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Postgraduate_education" title="Postgraduate education">Postgraduates</a></th><td class="infobox-data">9,225 (2022/23)<a href="#cite_note-HESAStudents-7">[7]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Location</th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div style="display:inline" class="locality"><a href="/wiki/Cambridge" title="Cambridge">Cambridge</a></div>, <div style="display:inline" class="country-name">England</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Campus</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/College_town" title="College town">University town</a>:</li><li>617 hectares (1,520 acres)<a href="#cite_note-estate-8">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-10">[a]</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/School_colors" title="School colors">Colours</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style>  Cambridge Blue<a href="#cite_note-11">[10]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Affiliations</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt 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ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Association_of_Commonwealth_Universities" title="Association of Commonwealth Universities">ACU</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/European_University_Association" title="European University Association">EUA</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/International_Alliance_of_Research_Universities" title="International Alliance of Research Universities">IARU</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/League_of_European_Research_Universities" title="League of European Research Universities">LERU</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Russell_Group" title="Russell Group">Russell Group</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/SES_(universities)" class="mw-redirect" title="SES (universities)">SES</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Universities_UK" title="Universities UK">Universities UK</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cam.ac.uk">cam.ac.uk</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/File:University_of_Cambridge_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/2b/University_of_Cambridge_logo.svg/255px-University_of_Cambridge_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="255" height="54" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/2b/University_of_Cambridge_logo.svg/383px-University_of_Cambridge_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/2b/University_of_Cambridge_logo.svg/510px-University_of_Cambridge_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="234" data-file-height="50" /></a></td></tr></tbody></table> The University of Cambridge is a <a href="/wiki/Public_university" title="Public university">public</a> <a href="/wiki/Collegiate_university" title="Collegiate university">collegiate</a> <a href="/wiki/Research_university" title="Research university">research university</a> in <a href="/wiki/Cambridge" title="Cambridge">Cambridge</a>, England. Founded in 1209, the University of Cambridge is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_oldest_universities_in_continuous_operation" title="List of oldest universities in continuous operation">world's third-oldest university in continuous operation</a>. The university's founding followed the arrival of scholars who left the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Oxford" title="University of Oxford">University of Oxford</a> for Cambridge after a dispute with local townspeople.<a href="#cite_note-12">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-13">[12]</a> The two <a href="/wiki/Ancient_university" title="Ancient university">ancient</a> English universities, although sometimes described as rivals, share many common features and are often jointly referred to as <a href="/wiki/Oxbridge" title="Oxbridge">Oxbridge</a>. In 1231, 22 years after its founding, the university was recognised with a <a href="/wiki/Royal_charter" title="Royal charter">royal charter</a>, granted by <a href="/wiki/Henry_III_of_England" title="Henry III of England">King Henry III</a>. The University of Cambridge includes <a href="/wiki/Colleges_of_the_University_of_Cambridge" title="Colleges of the University of Cambridge">31 semi-autonomous constituent colleges</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_institutions_of_the_University_of_Cambridge#Schools,_Faculties,_and_Departments" title="List of institutions of the University of Cambridge">over 150 academic departments, faculties, and other institutions organised into six schools</a>. The largest department is <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press_%26_Assessment" class="mw-redirect" title="Cambridge University Press & Assessment">Cambridge University Press & Assessment</a>, which has £1 billion of annual revenue and reaches 100 million learners.<a href="#cite_note-14">[13]</a> All of the colleges are self-governing institutions within the university, managing their own personnel and policies, and all students are required to have a college affiliation within the university. Undergraduate teaching at Cambridge is centred on weekly small-group <a href="/wiki/Tutorial_system" title="Tutorial system">supervisions</a> in the colleges with lectures, seminars, laboratory work, and occasionally further supervision provided by the central university faculties and departments.<a href="#cite_note-15">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-16">[15]</a> The university operates eight cultural and scientific museums, including the <a href="/wiki/Fitzwilliam_Museum" title="Fitzwilliam Museum">Fitzwilliam Museum</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Botanic_Garden" title="Cambridge University Botanic Garden">Cambridge University Botanic Garden</a>. <a href="/wiki/Libraries_of_the_University_of_Cambridge" title="Libraries of the University of Cambridge">Cambridge's 116 libraries</a> hold a total of approximately 16 million books, around nine million of which are in <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Library" title="Cambridge University Library">Cambridge University Library</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Legal_deposit" title="Legal deposit">legal deposit library</a> and one of the world's largest <a href="/wiki/Academic_library" title="Academic library">academic libraries</a>. Cambridge alumni, academics, and affiliates have won 124 Nobel Prizes.<a href="#cite_note-17">[16]</a> Among the university's <a href="/wiki/List_of_University_of_Cambridge_people" title="List of University of Cambridge people">notable alumni</a> are 194 <a href="/wiki/Olympic_medal" title="Olympic medal">Olympic medal</a>-winning athletes<a href="#cite_note-Hawks-18">[17]</a> and several historically iconic and transformational individuals in their respective fields, including <a href="/wiki/Francis_Bacon" title="Francis Bacon">Francis Bacon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lord_Byron" title="Lord Byron">Lord Byron</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oliver_Cromwell" title="Oliver Cromwell">Oliver Cromwell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin">Charles Darwin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rajiv_Gandhi" title="Rajiv Gandhi">Rajiv Gandhi</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Harvard_(clergyman)" title="John Harvard (clergyman)">John Harvard</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Hawking" title="Stephen Hawking">Stephen Hawking</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Maynard_Keynes" title="John Maynard Keynes">John Maynard Keynes</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Milton" title="John Milton">John Milton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Nabokov" title="Vladimir Nabokov">Vladimir Nabokov</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jawaharlal_Nehru" title="Jawaharlal Nehru">Jawaharlal Nehru</a>, <a href="/wiki/Isaac_Newton" title="Isaac Newton">Isaac Newton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sylvia_Plath" title="Sylvia Plath">Sylvia Plath</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bertrand_Russell" title="Bertrand Russell">Bertrand Russell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alan_Turing" title="Alan Turing">Alan Turing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ludwig_Wittgenstein" title="Ludwig Wittgenstein">Ludwig Wittgenstein</a>, and others. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Cambridge&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Founding">Founding</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Cambridge&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Founding">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Cambridge" title="Timeline of Cambridge">Timeline of Cambridge</a></div> Prior to the founding of the University of Cambridge in 1209, <a href="/wiki/Cambridge" title="Cambridge">Cambridge</a> and the area surrounding it already had developed a scholarly and ecclesiastical reputation due largely to the intellectual reputation and academic contributions of monks from the nearby bishopric church in <a href="/wiki/Ely,_Cambridgeshire" title="Ely, Cambridgeshire">Ely</a>. The founding of the University of Cambridge, however, was inspired largely by an incident at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Oxford" title="University of Oxford">University of Oxford</a> during which three Oxford scholars, as an administration of justice in the death of a local <a href="/wiki/Oxford" title="Oxford">Oxford</a>-area woman, were <a href="/wiki/Hanging" title="Hanging">hanged</a> by town authorities without first consulting ecclesiastical authorities, who traditionally would be inclined to pardon scholars in such cases. But during this time, Oxford's town authorities were in conflict with <a href="/wiki/John,_King_of_England" title="John, King of England">King John</a>. Fearing more violence from Oxford townsfolk, University of Oxford scholars began leaving Oxford for more hospitable cities, including Paris, <a href="/wiki/Reading,_Berkshire" title="Reading, Berkshire">Reading</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Cambridge" title="Cambridge">Cambridge</a>. Enough scholars ultimately took residence in Cambridge to form, along with the many scholars already there, the nucleus for the new university's formation.<a href="#cite_note-Early_records-19">[18]</a><a href="#cite_note-20">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-21">[20]</a> By 1225, a chancellor of the university was appointed, and writs issued by <a href="/wiki/Henry_III_of_England" title="Henry III of England">King Henry III</a> in 1231 established that rents in Cambridge were to be set secundum consuetudinem universitatis, according to the custom of the university, and established a panel of two masters and two townsmen to determine these. A letter from <a href="/wiki/Pope_Gregory_IX" title="Pope Gregory IX">Pope Gregory IX</a> two years later to the chancellor and the guild of scholars granted the new university ius non trahi extra, or the right not to be drawn out, for three years, meaning its members could not be summoned to a court outside of the diocese of Ely.<a href="#cite_note-22">[21]</a> After Cambridge was described as a <a href="/wiki/Studium_generale" title="Studium generale">studium generale</a> in a letter from <a href="/wiki/Pope_Nicholas_IV" title="Pope Nicholas IV">Pope Nicholas IV</a> in 1290,<a href="#cite_note-Hackett-23">[22]</a> and confirmed as such by <a href="/wiki/Pope_John_XXII" title="Pope John XXII">Pope John XXII</a>'s 1318 <a href="/wiki/Papal_bull" title="Papal bull">papal bull</a>,<a href="#cite_note-24">[23]</a> it became common for researchers from other European <a href="/wiki/Medieval_university" title="Medieval university">medieval universities</a> to visit Cambridge to study or give lecture courses.<a href="#cite_note-Hackett-23">[22]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Foundation_of_the_colleges">Foundation of the colleges</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Cambridge&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Foundation of the colleges">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Colleges_of_the_University_of_Cambridge" title="Colleges of the University of Cambridge">Colleges of the University of Cambridge</a> and <a href="/wiki/Oxford_and_Cambridge_Act_1571" title="Oxford and Cambridge Act 1571">Oxford and Cambridge Act 1571</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Emmanuel_College_Front_Court,_Cambridge,_UK_-_Diliff.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Emmanuel_College_Front_Court%2C_Cambridge%2C_UK_-_Diliff.jpg/220px-Emmanuel_College_Front_Court%2C_Cambridge%2C_UK_-_Diliff.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="119" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Emmanuel_College_Front_Court%2C_Cambridge%2C_UK_-_Diliff.jpg/330px-Emmanuel_College_Front_Court%2C_Cambridge%2C_UK_-_Diliff.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Emmanuel_College_Front_Court%2C_Cambridge%2C_UK_-_Diliff.jpg/440px-Emmanuel_College_Front_Court%2C_Cambridge%2C_UK_-_Diliff.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5930" data-file-height="3211" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_College,_Cambridge" title="Emmanuel College, Cambridge">Emmanuel College</a> Chapel</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Peterhouse_Chapel.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Peterhouse_Chapel.jpg/220px-Peterhouse_Chapel.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="304" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Peterhouse_Chapel.jpg/330px-Peterhouse_Chapel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Peterhouse_Chapel.jpg/440px-Peterhouse_Chapel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2603" data-file-height="3595" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Peterhouse,_Cambridge" title="Peterhouse, Cambridge">Peterhouse</a>, Cambridge's first college, founded in 1284</figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Colleges_of_the_University_of_Cambridge" title="Colleges of the University of Cambridge">31 colleges</a> of the present-day University of Cambridge were originally an incidental feature of the university; no college within the University of Cambridge is as old as the university itself. The colleges within the university were initially endowed fellowships of scholars. There were also institutions without endowments, called hostels, which were gradually absorbed by the colleges over the centuries, and they have left some traces, including the naming of Garret Hostel Lane and <a href="/wiki/Garret_Hostel_Bridge" title="Garret Hostel Bridge">Garret Hostel Bridge</a>, a street and bridge in Cambridge.<a href="#cite_note-25">[24]</a> The University of Cambridge's first college, <a href="/wiki/Peterhouse,_Cambridge" title="Peterhouse, Cambridge">Peterhouse</a>, was founded in 1284 by <a href="/wiki/Hugh_de_Balsham" title="Hugh de Balsham">Hugh de Balsham</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Bishop_of_Ely" title="Bishop of Ely">Bishop of Ely</a>. Multiple additional colleges were founded during the 14th and 15th centuries, and colleges continued to be established during modern times, though there was a 204-year gap between the founding of <a href="/wiki/Sidney_Sussex_College,_Cambridge" title="Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge">Sidney Sussex</a> in 1596 and that of <a href="/wiki/Downing_College,_Cambridge" title="Downing College, Cambridge">Downing</a> in 1800. The most recent college to be established is <a href="/wiki/Robinson_College,_Cambridge" title="Robinson College, Cambridge">Robinson</a>, which was built in the late 1970s. Most recently, in March 2010, <a href="/wiki/Homerton_College,_Cambridge" title="Homerton College, Cambridge">Homerton College</a> achieved full university college status, making it technically the university's newest full college. In <a href="/wiki/Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages">medieval</a> times, many colleges were founded so that their members could <a href="/wiki/Prayer" title="Prayer">pray</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Soul" title="Soul">souls</a> of the founders. University of Cambridge colleges were often associated with chapels or <a href="/wiki/Abbey" title="Abbey">abbeys</a>. The colleges' focus began to shift in 1536, however, with the <a href="/wiki/Dissolution_of_the_monasteries" title="Dissolution of the monasteries">dissolution of the monasteries</a> and <a href="/wiki/Henry_VIII" title="Henry VIII">Henry VIII</a>'s order that the university disband the <a href="/wiki/Canon_law" title="Canon law">canon law</a> that governed the university's faculty<a href="#cite_note-26">[25]</a> and stop teaching <a href="/wiki/Scholasticism" title="Scholasticism">scholastic philosophy</a>. In response, colleges changed their curricula from canon law to <a href="/wiki/Classics" title="Classics">classics</a>, the Bible, and mathematics. Nearly a century later, the university found itself at the centre of a <a href="/wiki/Protestant" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestant">Protestant</a> schism. Many nobles, intellectuals, and also commoners saw the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_England" title="Church of England">Church of England</a> as too similar to the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a> and felt that it was being used by <a href="/wiki/The_Crown" title="The Crown">The Crown</a> to usurp the counties' rightful powers. <a href="/wiki/East_Anglia" title="East Anglia">East Anglia</a> emerged as the centre of what ultimately became the <a href="/wiki/Puritans" title="Puritans">Puritan movement</a>. In Cambridge, the Puritan movement was particularly strong at <a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_College,_Cambridge" title="Emmanuel College, Cambridge">Emmanuel</a>, <a href="/wiki/St_Catharine%27s_College,_Cambridge" title="St Catharine's College, Cambridge">St Catharine Hall</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sidney_Sussex_College" class="mw-redirect" title="Sidney Sussex College">Sidney Sussex</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Christ%27s_College,_Cambridge" title="Christ's College, Cambridge">Christ's</a>.<a href="#cite_note-27">[26]</a> These colleges produced many nonconformist graduates who greatly influenced, by social position or preaching, some 20,000 Puritans who ultimately left England for <a href="/wiki/New_England" title="New England">New England</a> and especially <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Bay_Colony" title="Massachusetts Bay Colony">Massachusetts Bay Colony</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Puritan_migration_to_New_England_(1620%E2%80%931640)" title="Puritan migration to New England (1620–1640)">Great Migration</a> decade of the 1630s, settling in the <a href="/wiki/Colonial_history_of_the_United_States" title="Colonial history of the United States">colonial-era</a> <a href="/wiki/Colony_of_Virginia" title="Colony of Virginia">Colony of Virginia</a> and other fledgling American colonies. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mathematics_and_mathematical_physics">Mathematics and mathematical physics</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Cambridge&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Mathematics and mathematical physics">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Lucasian_Professor_of_Mathematics" title="Lucasian Professor of Mathematics">Lucasian Professor of Mathematics</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mathematical_Tripos" title="Mathematical Tripos">Mathematical Tripos</a></div> The university quickly established itself as a global leader in the study of mathematics. The university's examination in mathematics, known as the <a href="/wiki/Mathematical_Tripos" title="Mathematical Tripos">Mathematical Tripos</a>,<a href="#cite_note-28">[27]</a> was initially compulsory for all undergraduates studying for the Bachelor of Arts degree, the most common degree first offered at Cambridge. From the time of <a href="/wiki/Isaac_Newton" title="Isaac Newton">Isaac Newton</a> in the late 17th century until the mid-19th century, the university maintained an especially strong emphasis on <a href="/wiki/Applied_mathematics" title="Applied mathematics">applied mathematics</a>, and especially <a href="/wiki/Mathematical_physics" title="Mathematical physics">mathematical physics</a>. Students awarded <a href="/wiki/British_undergraduate_degree_classification" title="British undergraduate degree classification">first class honours</a> after completing the mathematics Tripos exam are called <a href="/wiki/Wrangler_(University_of_Cambridge)" title="Wrangler (University of Cambridge)">wranglers</a>, and the top student among them is known as the <a href="/wiki/Senior_Wrangler" title="Senior Wrangler">Senior Wrangler</a>, a position that has been described as "the greatest intellectual achievement attainable in Britain."<a href="#cite_note-Forfar_1996-29">[28]</a> The Cambridge Mathematical Tripos is highly competitive and has helped produce some of the most famous names in British science, including <a href="/wiki/James_Clerk_Maxwell" title="James Clerk Maxwell">James Clerk Maxwell</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Thomson,_1st_Baron_Kelvin" class="mw-redirect" title="William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin">Lord Kelvin</a>, and <a href="/wiki/John_William_Strutt,_3rd_Baron_Rayleigh" title="John William Strutt, 3rd Baron Rayleigh">Lord Rayleigh</a>.<a href="#cite_note-30">[29]</a> However, some famous students, such as <a href="/wiki/G._H._Hardy" title="G. H. Hardy">G. H. Hardy</a>, disliked the Tripos system, feeling that students were becoming too focused on accumulating high exam marks at the expense of the subject itself. Pure mathematics at the University of Cambridge in the 19th century achieved great things, though it largely missed out on substantial developments in French and German mathematics. By the early 20th century, however, pure mathematical research at Cambridge reached the highest international standard, thanks largely to G. H. Hardy and his collaborators, <a href="/wiki/J._E._Littlewood" class="mw-redirect" title="J. E. Littlewood">J. E. Littlewood</a> and <a href="/wiki/Srinivasa_Ramanujan" title="Srinivasa Ramanujan">Srinivasa Ramanujan</a>. <a href="/wiki/W._V._D._Hodge" title="W. V. D. Hodge">W. V. D. Hodge</a> and others helped establish Cambridge as a global leader in <a href="/wiki/Geometry" title="Geometry">geometry</a> in the 1930s. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Modern_period">Modern period</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Cambridge&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Modern period">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_movement_(philosophy)" title="Cambridge movement (philosophy)">Cambridge movement (philosophy)</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Selwyn_College_Old_Court,_Cambridge,_UK_-_Diliff.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Selwyn_College_Old_Court%2C_Cambridge%2C_UK_-_Diliff.jpg/220px-Selwyn_College_Old_Court%2C_Cambridge%2C_UK_-_Diliff.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Selwyn_College_Old_Court%2C_Cambridge%2C_UK_-_Diliff.jpg/330px-Selwyn_College_Old_Court%2C_Cambridge%2C_UK_-_Diliff.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Selwyn_College_Old_Court%2C_Cambridge%2C_UK_-_Diliff.jpg/440px-Selwyn_College_Old_Court%2C_Cambridge%2C_UK_-_Diliff.jpg 2x" data-file-width="8000" data-file-height="3814" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Selwyn_College,_Cambridge" title="Selwyn College, Cambridge">Selwyn College</a>, founded in 1882</figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Act_1856" title="Cambridge University Act 1856">Cambridge University Act 1856</a> formalised the university's organisational structure and introduced the study of many new subjects, including theology, history, and <a href="/wiki/Modern_language" title="Modern language">Modern languages</a>.<a href="#cite_note-31">[30]</a> Resources necessary for new courses in the arts, architecture, and <a href="/wiki/Archeology" class="mw-redirect" title="Archeology">archaeology</a> were donated by <a href="/wiki/Richard_FitzWilliam,_7th_Viscount_FitzWilliam" title="Richard FitzWilliam, 7th Viscount FitzWilliam">Viscount Fitzwilliam</a> of <a href="/wiki/Trinity_College,_Cambridge" title="Trinity College, Cambridge">Trinity College</a>, who also founded <a href="/wiki/Fitzwilliam_Museum" title="Fitzwilliam Museum">Fitzwilliam Museum</a> in 1816.<a href="#cite_note-32">[31]</a> In 1847, <a href="/wiki/Albert,_Prince_Consort" class="mw-redirect" title="Albert, Prince Consort">Prince Albert</a> was elected the university's chancellor in a close contest with the <a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Powis" title="Earl of Powis">Earl of Powis</a>. As chancellor, Albert reformed university curricula beyond its initial focus on mathematics and classics, adding <a href="/wiki/Modern_era" title="Modern era">modern era history</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Natural_science" title="Natural science">natural sciences</a>. Between 1896 and 1902, <a href="/wiki/Downing_College,_Cambridge" title="Downing College, Cambridge">Downing College</a> sold part of its land to permit the construction of <a href="/wiki/Downing_Site" title="Downing Site">Downing Site</a>, the university's grouping of scientific laboratories for the study of <a href="/wiki/Anatomy" title="Anatomy">anatomy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Genetics" title="Genetics">genetics</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Department_of_Earth_Sciences,_University_of_Cambridge" title="Department of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge">Earth sciences</a>.<a href="#cite_note-33">[32]</a> During this period, the <a href="/wiki/New_Museums_Site" title="New Museums Site">New Museums Site</a> was erected, including the <a href="/wiki/Cavendish_Laboratory" title="Cavendish Laboratory">Cavendish Laboratory</a>, which has since moved to <a href="/wiki/West_Cambridge" title="West Cambridge">West Cambridge</a>, and other <a href="/wiki/Yusuf_Hamied_Department_of_Chemistry" title="Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry">departments for chemistry</a> and medicine.<a href="#cite_note-34">[33]</a> The University of Cambridge began to award PhD degrees in the first third of the 20th century; the first Cambridge PhD in mathematics was awarded in 1924.<a href="#cite_note-35">[34]</a> The university contributed significantly to the <a href="/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_I" title="Allies of World War I">Allies' forces</a> in <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a> with 13,878 members of the university serving and 2,470 being <a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action">killed in action</a> during the war. Teaching, and the fees it earned, nearly came to a halt during World War I, and severe financial difficulties followed. As a result, the university received its first systematic state support in 1919, and a <a href="/wiki/Royal_commission" title="Royal commission">Royal commission</a> was appointed in 1920 to recommend that the university (but not its colleges) begin receiving an annual grant.<a href="#cite_note-36">[35]</a> Following <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, the university experienced a rapid expansion in applications and enrollment, partly due to the success and popularity gained by many Cambridge scientists.<a href="#cite_note-37">[36]</a> This was not without controversies, however. For example, Cambridge researchers were accused in 2023 of helping to develop weapon systems for Iran.<a href="#cite_note-38">[37]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Parliamentary_representation">Parliamentary representation</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Cambridge&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Parliamentary representation">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Cambridge University (UK Parliament constituency)">Cambridge University (UK Parliament constituency)</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable selfref">See also: <a href="/wiki/Category:Members_of_the_Parliament_of_the_United_Kingdom_for_the_University_of_Cambridge" title="Category:Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for the University of Cambridge">Category:Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for the University of Cambridge</a></div> The University of Cambridge was one of only two universities to hold parliamentary seats in the <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_England" title="Parliament of England">Parliament of England</a> and was later one of 19 represented in the <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Parliament of the United Kingdom">Parliament of the United Kingdom</a>. The constituency was created by a <a href="/wiki/Royal_charter" title="Royal charter">Royal charter</a> of 1603 and returned two members of parliament until 1950 when it was abolished by the <a href="/wiki/Representation_of_the_People_Act_1948" title="Representation of the People Act 1948">Representation of the People Act 1948</a>. The constituency was not a geographical area; rather, its electorate consisted of university graduates. Before 1918, the franchise was restricted to male graduates with a <a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Philosophy" title="Doctor of Philosophy">doctorate</a> or <a href="/wiki/Master_of_Arts_(Oxbridge_and_Dublin)" class="mw-redirect" title="Master of Arts (Oxbridge and Dublin)">MA</a> degree. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Women's_education">Women's education</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Cambridge&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Women's education">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cambridge_Newnham.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Cambridge_Newnham.JPG/220px-Cambridge_Newnham.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Cambridge_Newnham.JPG/330px-Cambridge_Newnham.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Cambridge_Newnham.JPG/440px-Cambridge_Newnham.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1632" data-file-height="1232" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Newnham_College,_Cambridge" title="Newnham College, Cambridge">Newnham College</a>, one of two female-only colleges at the university</figcaption></figure> For the first several centuries of its existence, as was the case broadly in England and the world, the University of Cambridge was only open to male students. The first colleges established for women were <a href="/wiki/Girton_College,_Cambridge" title="Girton College, Cambridge">Girton College</a>, founded by <a href="/wiki/Emily_Davies" title="Emily Davies">Emily Davies</a> in 1869, <a href="/wiki/Newnham_College,_Cambridge" title="Newnham College, Cambridge">Newnham College</a>, founded by <a href="/wiki/Anne_Clough" title="Anne Clough">Anne Clough</a> and <a href="/wiki/Henry_Sidgwick" title="Henry Sidgwick">Henry Sidgwick</a> in 1872, <a href="/wiki/Hughes_Hall,_Cambridge" title="Hughes Hall, Cambridge">Hughes Hall</a>, founded in 1885 by <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Phillips_Hughes" title="Elizabeth Phillips Hughes">Elizabeth Phillips Hughes</a> as the Cambridge Teaching College for Women, <a href="/wiki/Murray_Edwards_College" class="mw-redirect" title="Murray Edwards College">Murray Edwards College</a>, founded in 1954 by <a href="/wiki/Rosemary_Murray" title="Rosemary Murray">Rosemary Murray</a> as <a href="/wiki/Murray_Edwards_College,_Cambridge" title="Murray Edwards College, Cambridge">New Hall</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Lucy_Cavendish_College,_Cambridge" title="Lucy Cavendish College, Cambridge">Lucy Cavendish College</a>, founded in 1965. Prior to ultimately being permitted admission to the university in 1948, female students were granted the right to take University of Cambridge exams beginning in the late 19th century.<a href="#cite_note-39">[38]</a> Women were also allowed to study courses, take examinations, and have prior exam results recorded retroactively, dating back to 1881; for a brief period after the turn of the 20th century, this allowed the <a href="/wiki/Steamboat_ladies" title="Steamboat ladies">steamboat ladies</a> to receive <a href="/wiki/Ad_eundem_gradum" class="mw-redirect" title="Ad eundem gradum">ad eundem</a> degrees from the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Dublin" title="University of Dublin">University of Dublin</a>.<a href="#cite_note-40">[39]</a> In 1998, a special graduation ceremony was held in which the women who attended Cambridge before admission was allowed in 1948 were finally conferred their degrees.<a href="#cite_note-41">[40]</a> Beginning in 1921, women were awarded diplomas that conferred the title associated with the Bachelor of Arts degree. But since women were not yet admitted to the Bachelor of Arts degree program, they were excluded from the university's governance structure. Since University of Cambridge students must belong to a college, and since established colleges remained closed to women, women found admissions restricted to the few university colleges that had been established only for them. <a href="/wiki/Darwin_College,_Cambridge" title="Darwin College, Cambridge">Darwin College</a>, the first graduate college of the university, matriculated both male and female students from its inception in 1964 and elected a mixed fellowship. Undergraduate colleges, starting with <a href="/wiki/Churchill_College,_Cambridge" title="Churchill College, Cambridge">Churchill</a>, <a href="/wiki/Clare_College,_Cambridge" title="Clare College, Cambridge">Clare</a>, and <a href="/wiki/King%27s_College,_Cambridge" title="King's College, Cambridge">King</a>'s colleges, began admitting women between 1972 and 1988. Among women's colleges at the university, <a href="/wiki/Girton_College,_Cambridge" title="Girton College, Cambridge">Girton</a> began admitting male students in 1979, and <a href="/wiki/Lucy_Cavendish_College,_Cambridge" title="Lucy Cavendish College, Cambridge">Lucy Cavendish</a> began admitting men in 2021. But the other female-only colleges have remained female-only colleges as of 2023. As a result of <a href="/wiki/St_Hilda%27s_College,_Oxford" title="St Hilda's College, Oxford">St Hilda's College, Oxford</a>, ending its ban on male students in 2008, Cambridge is now the only remaining university in the United Kingdom with female-only colleges; the two female-only colleges at the university are <a href="/wiki/Newnham_College,_Cambridge" title="Newnham College, Cambridge">Newnham</a> and <a href="/wiki/Murray_Edwards_College,_Cambridge" title="Murray Edwards College, Cambridge">Murray Edwards</a>.<a href="#cite_note-42">[41]</a><a href="#cite_note-43">[42]</a> As of the 2019–2020 academic year, the university's male to female enrollment, including post-graduates, was nearly balanced with its total student population being 53% male and 47% female.<a href="#cite_note-44">[43]</a> In 2018 and later years, the university has come under some criticism and faced legal challenges over alleged sexual harassment at the university.<a href="#cite_note-45">[44]</a><a href="#cite_note-46">[45]</a> In 2019, for example, former student Danielle Bradford, represented by sexual harassment lawyer <a href="/wiki/Ann_Olivarius" title="Ann Olivarius">Ann Olivarius</a>, sued the university for its handling of her sexual misconduct complaint. "I was told that I should think about it very carefully because making a complaint could affect my place in my department", Bradford alleged in 2019.<a href="#cite_note-47">[46]</a> In 2020, hundreds of current and former students accused the university in a letter, citing "a complete failure" to deal with sexual misconduct complaints.<a href="#cite_note-48">[47]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Town_and_gown">Town and gown</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Cambridge&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Town and gown">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Town_and_gown" title="Town and gown">Town and gown</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Away_with_the_learning_of_clerks,_away_with_it!" title="Away with the learning of clerks, away with it!">Away with the learning of clerks, away with it!</a> and <a href="/wiki/Silicon_Fen" title="Silicon Fen">Silicon Fen</a></div> The relationship between the university and the city of <a href="/wiki/Cambridge" title="Cambridge">Cambridge</a> has sometimes been uneasy. The phrase <a href="/wiki/Town_and_gown" title="Town and gown">town and gown</a> continues to be employed to distinguish between Cambridge residents (town) and University of Cambridge students (gown), who historically wore <a href="/wiki/Academic_dress" title="Academic dress">academical dress</a>. Ferocious rivalry between Cambridge's residents and university students have periodically erupted over the centuries. During the <a href="/wiki/Peasants%27_Revolt" title="Peasants' Revolt">Peasants' Revolt</a> of 1381, strong clashes led to attacks and <a href="/wiki/Looting" title="Looting">looting</a> of university properties as locals contested the privileges granted by the British government to the University of Cambridge's academic staff. Residents burned university property in <a href="/wiki/Market_Hill,_Cambridge" title="Market Hill, Cambridge">Market Square</a> to the famed rallying cry "<a href="/wiki/Away_with_the_learning_of_clerks,_away_with_it!" title="Away with the learning of clerks, away with it!">Away with the learning of clerks, away with it!</a>".<a href="#cite_note-49">[48]</a> Following these events, the <a href="/wiki/List_of_chancellors_of_the_University_of_Cambridge" title="List of chancellors of the University of Cambridge">University of Cambridge's Chancellor</a> was given special powers allowing him to prosecute criminals and reestablish order in the city. Attempts at reconciliation between the city's residents and students followed; in the 16th century, agreements were signed to improve the quality of streets and student accommodation around the city. However, this was followed by new confrontations when the <a href="/wiki/Plague_(disease)" title="Plague (disease)">plague</a> reached Cambridge in 1630 and colleges refused to assist those affected by the disease by locking their sites.<a href="#cite_note-50">[49]</a> Such conflicts between Cambridge's residents and university students have largely disappeared since the 16th century, and the university has grown as a source of enormous employment and expanded wealth in Cambridge and the region.<a href="#cite_note-51">[50]</a> The university also has proven a source of extraordinary growth in <a href="/wiki/High_tech" title="High tech">high tech</a> and <a href="/wiki/Biotech" class="mw-redirect" title="Biotech">biotech</a> start-ups and established companies and associated providers of services to these companies. The economic growth associated with the university's high tech and biotech growth has been labeled the Cambridge Phenomenon, and has included the addition of 1,500 new companies and as many as 40,000 new jobs added between 1960 and 2010, mostly at <a href="/wiki/Silicon_Fen" title="Silicon Fen">Silicon Fen</a>, a business cluster launched by the university in the late 20th century.<a href="#cite_note-52">[51]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Myths,_legends_and_traditions">Myths, legends and traditions</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Cambridge&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Myths, legends and traditions">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/University_of_Cambridge_legends" title="University of Cambridge legends">University of Cambridge legends</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Category:Terminology_of_the_University_of_Cambridge" title="Category:Terminology of the University of Cambridge">Category:Terminology of the University of Cambridge</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Nine_Lessons_and_Carols" title="Nine Lessons and Carols">Nine Lessons and Carols</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wooden_spoon_(award)" title="Wooden spoon (award)">wooden spoon (award)</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Queens%27_College_-_Mathematical_Bridge.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Queens%27_College_-_Mathematical_Bridge.jpg/220px-Queens%27_College_-_Mathematical_Bridge.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Queens%27_College_-_Mathematical_Bridge.jpg/330px-Queens%27_College_-_Mathematical_Bridge.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Queens%27_College_-_Mathematical_Bridge.jpg/440px-Queens%27_College_-_Mathematical_Bridge.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Mathematical_Bridge" title="Mathematical Bridge">Mathematical Bridge</a> crossing <a href="/wiki/River_Cam" title="River Cam">River Cam</a> at <a href="/wiki/Queens%27_College,_Cambridge" title="Queens' College, Cambridge">Queens' College</a></figcaption></figure> Partly because of the University of Cambridge's extensive history, which now exceeds 800 years, the university has developed a large number of traditions, myths, and legends. Some are true, some are not, and some were true but have been discontinued but have been propagated nonetheless by generations of students and tour guides. One such discontinued tradition is that of the <a href="/wiki/Wooden_spoon_(award)" title="Wooden spoon (award)">wooden spoon</a>, the prize awarded to the student with the lowest passing honours grade in the final examinations of the university's <a href="/wiki/Mathematical_Tripos" title="Mathematical Tripos">Mathematical Tripos</a>. The last of these spoons was awarded in 1909 to Cuthbert Lempriere Holthouse, an oarsman of the Lady Margaret Boat Club at <a href="/wiki/St_John%27s_College,_Cambridge" title="St John's College, Cambridge">St John's College</a>. It was over one metre in length and had an oar blade for a handle. It can now be seen outside the Senior Combination Room of St John's College. Since 1908, examination results have been published alphabetically within class rather than in strict order of merit, which made it difficult to ascertain the student with the lowest passing grade deserving of the spoon, leading to discontinuation of the tradition. Each Christmas Eve, <a href="/wiki/Nine_Lessons_and_Carols" title="Nine Lessons and Carols">The Festival of Nine Lessons and Carols</a>, sung by the <a href="/wiki/Choir_of_King%27s_College,_Cambridge" title="Choir of King's College, Cambridge">Choir of King's College</a>, are broadcast globally on <a href="/wiki/BBC_World_Service" title="BBC World Service">BBC World Service</a> television and radio and syndicated to hundreds of additional radio stations in the U.S. and elsewhere. The radio broadcast has been a national Christmas Eve tradition since 1928, though the festival has existed since 1918 and the celebration itself originated even earlier at <a href="/wiki/Truro_Cathedral" title="Truro Cathedral">Truro Cathedral</a> in Cornwall in 1880.<a href="#cite_note-guardian-truro-53">[52]</a> The first television broadcast of the festival was in 1954.<a href="#cite_note-54">[53]</a><a href="#cite_note-55">[54]</a> <div class="thumb tnone" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:1008px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="overflow:auto"><a href="/wiki/File:Panorama_depicting_the_Front_Court_of_King%27s_College_Cambridge_v2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Front Court of King's College, founded in 1441 by King Henry VI"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Panorama_depicting_the_Front_Court_of_King%27s_College_Cambridge_v2.jpg/1000px-Panorama_depicting_the_Front_Court_of_King%27s_College_Cambridge_v2.jpg" decoding="async" width="1000" height="222" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Panorama_depicting_the_Front_Court_of_King%27s_College_Cambridge_v2.jpg/1500px-Panorama_depicting_the_Front_Court_of_King%27s_College_Cambridge_v2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Panorama_depicting_the_Front_Court_of_King%27s_College_Cambridge_v2.jpg/2000px-Panorama_depicting_the_Front_Court_of_King%27s_College_Cambridge_v2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="16362" data-file-height="3633" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption" style="text-align:center"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Panorama_depicting_the_Front_Court_of_King%27s_College_Cambridge_v2.jpg" title="File:Panorama depicting the Front Court of King's College Cambridge v2.jpg"> </a></div>Front Court of <a href="/wiki/King%27s_College,_Cambridge" title="King's College, Cambridge">King's College</a>, founded in 1441 by <a href="/wiki/Henry_VI_of_England" title="Henry VI of England">King Henry VI</a></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Locations_and_buildings">Locations and buildings</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Cambridge&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Locations and buildings">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Cavendish_Laboratory_-_geograph.org.uk_-_631839.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/The_Cavendish_Laboratory_-_geograph.org.uk_-_631839.jpg/220px-The_Cavendish_Laboratory_-_geograph.org.uk_-_631839.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/The_Cavendish_Laboratory_-_geograph.org.uk_-_631839.jpg/330px-The_Cavendish_Laboratory_-_geograph.org.uk_-_631839.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/The_Cavendish_Laboratory_-_geograph.org.uk_-_631839.jpg/440px-The_Cavendish_Laboratory_-_geograph.org.uk_-_631839.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>The entrance to the original <a href="/wiki/Cavendish_Laboratory" title="Cavendish Laboratory">Cavendish Laboratory</a> on the <a href="/wiki/New_Museums_Site" title="New Museums Site">New Museums Site</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Library_in_winter,_Faculty_of_Education,_University_of_Cambridge.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Library_in_winter%2C_Faculty_of_Education%2C_University_of_Cambridge.jpg/220px-Library_in_winter%2C_Faculty_of_Education%2C_University_of_Cambridge.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Library_in_winter%2C_Faculty_of_Education%2C_University_of_Cambridge.jpg/330px-Library_in_winter%2C_Faculty_of_Education%2C_University_of_Cambridge.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Library_in_winter%2C_Faculty_of_Education%2C_University_of_Cambridge.jpg/440px-Library_in_winter%2C_Faculty_of_Education%2C_University_of_Cambridge.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3088" data-file-height="2316" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Faculty_of_Education,_University_of_Cambridge" title="Faculty of Education, University of Cambridge">Faculty of Education</a> building</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cmglee_Cambridge_University_Faculty_of_Law.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Cmglee_Cambridge_University_Faculty_of_Law.jpg/220px-Cmglee_Cambridge_University_Faculty_of_Law.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Cmglee_Cambridge_University_Faculty_of_Law.jpg/330px-Cmglee_Cambridge_University_Faculty_of_Law.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Cmglee_Cambridge_University_Faculty_of_Law.jpg/440px-Cmglee_Cambridge_University_Faculty_of_Law.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4800" data-file-height="3200" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Faculty_of_Law,_University_of_Cambridge" title="Faculty of Law, University of Cambridge">Faculty of Law</a> building on the <a href="/wiki/Sidgwick_Site" title="Sidgwick Site">Sidgwick Site</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Buildings">Buildings</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Cambridge&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Buildings">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/A_Classical_Adventure:_The_Architectural_History_of_Downing_College,_Cambridge" title="A Classical Adventure: The Architectural History of Downing College, Cambridge">A Classical Adventure: The Architectural History of Downing College, Cambridge</a>; <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_Medical_School_building" title="Cambridge Medical School building">Cambridge Medical School building</a>; <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_Observatory" title="Cambridge Observatory">Cambridge Observatory</a>; <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Library" title="Cambridge University Library">Cambridge University Library</a>; <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Real_Tennis_Club" title="Cambridge University Real Tennis Club">Cambridge University Real Tennis Club</a>; <a href="/wiki/Fitzwilliam_Museum" title="Fitzwilliam Museum">Fitzwilliam Museum</a>; <a href="/wiki/Goldie_Boathouse" title="Goldie Boathouse">Goldie Boathouse</a>; <a href="/wiki/Lady_Mitchell_Hall" title="Lady Mitchell Hall">Lady Mitchell Hall</a>; <a href="/wiki/Old_Schools" title="Old Schools">Old Schools</a>; <a href="/wiki/Senate_House,_Cambridge" title="Senate House, Cambridge">Senate House, Cambridge</a>; <a href="/wiki/Scott_Polar_Research_Institute" title="Scott Polar Research Institute">Scott Polar Research Institute</a>; <a href="/wiki/University_of_Cambridge_Sports_Centre" title="University of Cambridge Sports Centre">University of Cambridge Sports Centre</a>; and <a href="/wiki/William_Gates_Building,_Cambridge" title="William Gates Building, Cambridge">William Gates Building, Cambridge</a></div> The university occupies a central location within the city of <a href="/wiki/Cambridge" title="Cambridge">Cambridge</a>. University of Cambridge students represent approximately 20 percent of the town's population, which was 145,674 as of 2021, resulting in a lower age demographic in the city.<a href="#cite_note-56">[55]</a> Most of the university's older colleges are located near the city centre, through which <a href="/wiki/River_Cam" title="River Cam">River Cam</a> flows. Students and others traditionally <a href="/wiki/Punt_(boat)" title="Punt (boat)">punt</a> on the River Cam, which provides views of the university's buildings that surround the river.<a href="#cite_note-57">[56]</a> A few of the notable University of Cambridge buildings are <a href="/wiki/King%27s_College_Chapel,_Cambridge" title="King's College Chapel, Cambridge">King's College Chapel</a>;<a href="#cite_note-58">[57]</a> the history faculty building<a href="#cite_note-59">[58]</a> designed by <a href="/wiki/James_Stirling_(architect)" title="James Stirling (architect)">James Stirling</a>; and the New Court and Cripps Buildings at <a href="/wiki/St_John%27s_College,_Cambridge" title="St John's College, Cambridge">St John's College</a>.<a href="#cite_note-60">[59]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Brickwork" title="Brickwork">brickwork</a> of several colleges is notable: <a href="/wiki/Queens%27_College" class="mw-redirect" title="Queens' College">Queens' College</a> has some of the earliest patterned brickwork in England<a href="#cite_note-61">[60]</a> and the brick walls of St John's College are examples of <a href="/wiki/English_bond" class="mw-redirect" title="English bond">English bond</a>, <a href="/wiki/Flemish_bond" title="Flemish bond">Flemish bond</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Running_bond" class="mw-redirect" title="Running bond">Running bond</a>.<a href="#cite_note-62">[61]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sites">Sites</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Cambridge&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Sites">edit</a>]</div> The university is divided into several sites, which house the university's various departments, including:<a href="#cite_note-63">[62]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Addenbrooke%27s_Hospital" title="Addenbrooke's Hospital">Addenbrooke's Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Downing_Site" title="Downing Site">Downing Site</a></li> <li>Madingley/Gorton</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Museums_Site" title="New Museums Site">New Museums Site</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_West_Cambridge_development" title="North West Cambridge development">North West Cambridge Development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Addenbrooke%27s_Site" title="Old Addenbrooke's Site">Old Addenbrooke's Site</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Schools" title="Old Schools">Old Schools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidgwick_Site" title="Sidgwick Site">Sidgwick Site</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silver_Street,_Cambridge" title="Silver Street, Cambridge">Silver Street</a>/<a href="/wiki/Pembroke_Street,_Cambridge" title="Pembroke Street, Cambridge">Mill Lane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Cambridge" title="West Cambridge">West Cambridge</a></li></ul> </div> The university's <a href="/wiki/School_of_Clinical_Medicine,_University_of_Cambridge" title="School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge">School of Clinical Medicine</a> is based in <a href="/wiki/Addenbrooke%27s_Hospital" title="Addenbrooke's Hospital">Addenbrooke's Hospital</a>, where medical students undergo their three-year clinical placement period after obtaining their <a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Arts" title="Bachelor of Arts">BA</a> degree.<a href="#cite_note-64">[63]</a> The <a href="/wiki/West_Cambridge" title="West Cambridge">West Cambridge</a> site is undergoing a major expansion and will host new buildings and fields for university sports.<a href="#cite_note-65">[64]</a> Since 1990, <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_Judge_Business_School" title="Cambridge Judge Business School">Cambridge Judge Business School</a>, on <a href="/wiki/Trumpington_Street" title="Trumpington Street">Trumpington Street</a>, provides management education courses and is consistently ranked among the top 20 business schools in the world by <a href="/wiki/Financial_Times" title="Financial Times">Financial Times</a>.<a href="#cite_note-66">[65]</a> Many of the sites are quite close together, and the area around Cambridge is reasonably flat. Furthermore, students are not permitted to hold car park permits except under special circumstances. For these reasons, of the favourite modes of transport for students is the bicycle; an estimated one-fifth of journeys in the city are made by bike.<a href="#cite_note-67">[66]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Notable_locations">Notable locations</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Cambridge&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Notable locations">edit</a>]</div> The University of Cambridge and its constituent colleges include many notable locations, some of which are iconic or of historical, academic, religious, and cultural significance, including: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bridge_of_Sighs,_Cambridge" title="Bridge of Sighs, Cambridge">Bridge of Sighs, Cambridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Botanic_Garden" title="Cambridge University Botanic Garden">Cambridge University Botanic Garden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_St_Mary_the_Great,_Cambridge" title="Church of St Mary the Great, Cambridge">Church of St Mary the Great, Cambridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Downing_Site" title="Downing Site">Downing Site</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fenner%27s" title="Fenner's">Fenner's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goldie_Boathouse" title="Goldie Boathouse">Goldie Boathouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King%27s_College_Chapel,_Cambridge" title="King's College Chapel, Cambridge">King's College Chapel, Cambridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lady_Mitchell_Hall" title="Lady Mitchell Hall">Lady Mitchell Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mathematical_Bridge" title="Mathematical Bridge">Mathematical Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nevile%27s_Court,_Trinity_College,_Cambridge" title="Nevile's Court, Trinity College, Cambridge">Nevile's Court, Trinity College, Cambridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidgwick_Site" title="Sidgwick Site">Sidgwick Site</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Bene%27t%27s_Church" title="St Bene't's Church">St Bene't's Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Backs" title="The Backs">The Backs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinity_College_Chapel,_Cambridge" title="Trinity College Chapel, Cambridge">Trinity College Chapel, Cambridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Cambridge" title="West Cambridge">West Cambridge</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Organisation_and_administration">Organisation and administration</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Cambridge&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Organisation and administration">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_institutions_of_the_University_of_Cambridge" title="List of institutions of the University of Cambridge">List of institutions of the University of Cambridge</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cam_colls_from_johns.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Cam_colls_from_johns.jpg/220px-Cam_colls_from_johns.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Cam_colls_from_johns.jpg/330px-Cam_colls_from_johns.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Cam_colls_from_johns.jpg/440px-Cam_colls_from_johns.jpg 2x" data-file-width="647" data-file-height="467" /></a><figcaption>View over <a href="/wiki/Trinity_College,_Cambridge" title="Trinity College, Cambridge">Trinity College</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gonville_and_Caius_College,_Cambridge" title="Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge">Gonville and Caius College</a>, <a href="/wiki/Trinity_Hall,_Cambridge" title="Trinity Hall, Cambridge">Trinity Hall</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Clare_College,_Cambridge" title="Clare College, Cambridge">Clare College</a> towards <a href="/wiki/King%27s_College,_Cambridge" title="King's College, Cambridge">King's College</a> Chapel seen from <a href="/wiki/St_John%27s_College,_Cambridge" title="St John's College, Cambridge">St John's College</a> Chapel on the left. In front of King's College Chapel is the <a href="/wiki/Senate_House_(University_of_Cambridge)" class="mw-redirect" title="Senate House (University of Cambridge)">Senate House</a>.</figcaption></figure> Cambridge is a <a href="/wiki/Collegiate_university" title="Collegiate university">collegiate university</a>, which means that its colleges are self-governing and independent, each with its own property, endowments, and income. Most colleges bring together academics and students from a broad range of disciplines. Each faculty, school, or department at the university includes academics affiliated with differing colleges. The university is legally structured as an <a href="/wiki/Exempt_charity" title="Exempt charity">exempt charity</a> and a common law corporation. Its corporate titles include the <a href="/wiki/List_of_chancellors_of_the_University_of_Cambridge" title="List of chancellors of the University of Cambridge">Chancellor</a>, Masters, and Scholars of the University of Cambridge.<a href="#cite_note-68">[67]</a> The college faculties are responsible for giving lectures, arranging seminars, performing research, and determining the <a href="/wiki/Syllabus" title="Syllabus">syllabi</a> for teaching, all of which is overseen by the university's general board. Together with the central administration headed by the <a href="/wiki/List_of_vice-chancellors_of_the_University_of_Cambridge" title="List of vice-chancellors of the University of Cambridge">Vice-Chancellor</a>, the college faculties make up the University of Cambridge. Facilities such as libraries are provided on all these levels by the university. The <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Library" title="Cambridge University Library">Cambridge University Library</a> is the university's largest and primary library. <a href="/wiki/Faculty_of_Law,_University_of_Cambridge" title="Faculty of Law, University of Cambridge">Squire Law Library</a> is the primary library for the university's <a href="/wiki/Faculty_of_Law,_University_of_Cambridge" title="Faculty of Law, University of Cambridge">students of law</a>. Individual colleges each maintain a multi-discipline library designed for each college's respective undergraduates. College libraries tend to operate 24/7 and their usage in generally restricted to members of the college. Conversely, libraries operated by departments are generally open to all students of the university, regardless of subject. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Colleges">Colleges</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Cambridge&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Colleges">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Colleges_of_the_University_of_Cambridge" title="Colleges of the University of Cambridge">Colleges of the University of Cambridge</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Interior_East_Side_of_Gonville_Court,_Gonville_%26_Caius_(full).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Interior_East_Side_of_Gonville_Court%2C_Gonville_%26_Caius_%28full%29.jpg/220px-Interior_East_Side_of_Gonville_Court%2C_Gonville_%26_Caius_%28full%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Interior_East_Side_of_Gonville_Court%2C_Gonville_%26_Caius_%28full%29.jpg/330px-Interior_East_Side_of_Gonville_Court%2C_Gonville_%26_Caius_%28full%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Interior_East_Side_of_Gonville_Court%2C_Gonville_%26_Caius_%28full%29.jpg/440px-Interior_East_Side_of_Gonville_Court%2C_Gonville_%26_Caius_%28full%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Gonville_and_Caius_College,_Cambridge" title="Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge">Gonville and Caius College</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Margaret_Wileman_Building,_Hughes_Hall.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Margaret_Wileman_Building%2C_Hughes_Hall.jpg/220px-Margaret_Wileman_Building%2C_Hughes_Hall.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Margaret_Wileman_Building%2C_Hughes_Hall.jpg/330px-Margaret_Wileman_Building%2C_Hughes_Hall.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Margaret_Wileman_Building%2C_Hughes_Hall.jpg/440px-Margaret_Wileman_Building%2C_Hughes_Hall.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption>Margaret Wileman Building at <a href="/wiki/Hughes_Hall,_Cambridge" title="Hughes Hall, Cambridge">Hughes Hall</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cambridge_2013-07_(12645169105).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Cambridge_2013-07_%2812645169105%29.jpg/220px-Cambridge_2013-07_%2812645169105%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Cambridge_2013-07_%2812645169105%29.jpg/330px-Cambridge_2013-07_%2812645169105%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Cambridge_2013-07_%2812645169105%29.jpg/440px-Cambridge_2013-07_%2812645169105%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>The President's Lodge at <a href="/wiki/Queens%27_College,_Cambridge" title="Queens' College, Cambridge">Queens' College</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bridge_of_Sighs,_St_John%27s_College,_Cambridge,_UK_-_Diliff.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Bridge_of_Sighs%2C_St_John%27s_College%2C_Cambridge%2C_UK_-_Diliff.jpg/220px-Bridge_of_Sighs%2C_St_John%27s_College%2C_Cambridge%2C_UK_-_Diliff.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Bridge_of_Sighs%2C_St_John%27s_College%2C_Cambridge%2C_UK_-_Diliff.jpg/330px-Bridge_of_Sighs%2C_St_John%27s_College%2C_Cambridge%2C_UK_-_Diliff.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Bridge_of_Sighs%2C_St_John%27s_College%2C_Cambridge%2C_UK_-_Diliff.jpg/440px-Bridge_of_Sighs%2C_St_John%27s_College%2C_Cambridge%2C_UK_-_Diliff.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5680" data-file-height="3787" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Bridge_of_Sighs,_Cambridge" title="Bridge of Sighs, Cambridge">Bridge of Sighs</a> over the <a href="/wiki/River_Cam" title="River Cam">River Cam</a> at <a href="/wiki/St_John%27s_College,_Cambridge" title="St John's College, Cambridge">St John's College</a></figcaption></figure> The colleges are self-governing institutions with their own endowments and property, each founded as components of the university. All students and most academics are attached to a college. The colleges' importance lies in the housing, welfare, social functions, and undergraduate teaching they provide. All faculties, departments, research centres, and laboratories belong to the university, which arranges lectures and awards degrees, but undergraduates receive their overall academic supervision within the colleges through small group teaching sessions, which often include just one student; though in many cases students go to other colleges for supervision if the teaching fellows at their college do not specialise in a student's particular area of academic focus. Each college appoints its own teaching staff and fellows, both of whom are members of a university department. The colleges also decide which undergraduates to admit to the university, in accordance with university standards and regulations. Costs to students for room and board vary considerably from college to college.<a href="#cite_note-69">[68]</a><a href="#cite_note-70">[69]</a> Similarly, the investment in student education by each college at the university varies widely between the colleges.<a href="#cite_note-TCS_college_spending-71">[70]</a> Cambridge has 31 colleges, two of which, <a href="/wiki/Murray_Edwards_College,_Cambridge" title="Murray Edwards College, Cambridge">Murray Edwards</a> and <a href="/wiki/Newnham_College,_Cambridge" title="Newnham College, Cambridge">Newnham</a>, admit women only. The other colleges are <a href="/wiki/Mixed-sex_education" title="Mixed-sex education">mixed</a>. <a href="/wiki/Darwin_College,_Cambridge" title="Darwin College, Cambridge">Darwin</a> was the first college to admit both men and women. In 1972, <a href="/wiki/Churchill_College,_Cambridge" title="Churchill College, Cambridge">Churchill</a>, <a href="/wiki/Clare_Hall,_Cambridge" title="Clare Hall, Cambridge">Clare</a>, and <a href="/wiki/King%27s_College,_Cambridge" title="King's College, Cambridge">King's</a> were the first previously all-male colleges to admit female undergraduates. In 1988, <a href="/wiki/Magdalene_College,_Cambridge" title="Magdalene College, Cambridge">Magdalene</a> became the last all-male college to accept women.<a href="#cite_note-72">[71]</a> Clare Hall and Darwin admit only postgraduates, and <a href="/wiki/Hughes_Hall,_Cambridge" title="Hughes Hall, Cambridge">Hughes Hall</a>, <a href="/wiki/St_Edmund%27s_College,_Cambridge" title="St Edmund's College, Cambridge">St Edmund's</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Wolfson_College,_Cambridge" title="Wolfson College, Cambridge">Wolfson</a> admit only <a href="/wiki/Mature_student" class="mw-redirect" title="Mature student">mature undergraduate and graduate students</a> who are 21 years or older on the date of their <a href="/wiki/Matriculation" title="Matriculation">matriculation</a>. <a href="/wiki/Lucy_Cavendish_College,_Cambridge" title="Lucy Cavendish College, Cambridge">Lucy Cavendish</a>, which was previously a women-only mature college, began admitting both men and women in 2021.<a href="#cite_note-73">[72]</a> All other colleges admit both undergraduate and postgraduate students without any age restrictions. Colleges are not required to admit students in all subjects; some colleges choose not to offer subjects such as architecture, art history, or theology, but most offer a complete range of academic specialties and related courses. Some colleges maintain a relative strength and associated reputation for expertise in certain academic disciplines. <a href="/wiki/Churchill_College,_Cambridge" title="Churchill College, Cambridge">Churchill</a>, for example, has a reputation for its expertise and focus on the sciences and engineering, in part due to the requirement imposed by Winston Churchill upon the college's founding that 70% of its students studied mathematics, engineering, and the sciences.<a href="#cite_note-74">[73]</a> Other colleges have more informal academic focus and even demonstrate ideological focus, such as <a href="/wiki/King%27s_College,_Cambridge" title="King's College, Cambridge">King's</a>, which is known for its left-wing political orientation,<a href="#cite_note-75">[74]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Robinson_College,_Cambridge" title="Robinson College, Cambridge">Robinson</a> and <a href="/wiki/Churchill_College,_Cambridge" title="Churchill College, Cambridge">Churchill</a>, both of which have a reputation for academic focus on <a href="/wiki/Sustainability" title="Sustainability">sustainability</a> and environmentalism.<a href="#cite_note-76">[75]</a> Three theological colleges at the university, <a href="/wiki/Westcott_House,_Cambridge" title="Westcott House, Cambridge">Westcott House</a>, <a href="/wiki/Westminster_College,_Cambridge" class="mw-redirect" title="Westminster College, Cambridge">Westminster College</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ridley_Hall,_Cambridge" title="Ridley Hall, Cambridge">Ridley Hall Theological College</a>, are members of the <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_Theological_Federation" title="Cambridge Theological Federation">Cambridge Theological Federation</a> and associated in partnership with the university.<a href="#cite_note-77">[76]</a> The University of Cambridge's 31 colleges are:<a href="#cite_note-78">[77]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 15em;"> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/File:Christs_shield.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Christ's College heraldic shield"><img alt="Christ's College heraldic shield" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Christs_shield.png/12px-Christs_shield.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Christs_shield.png/18px-Christs_shield.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Christs_shield.png/24px-Christs_shield.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="953" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Christ%27s_College,_Cambridge" title="Christ's College, Cambridge">Christ's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:Churchill_College_Crest.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Churchill College heraldic shield"><img alt="Churchill College heraldic shield" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Churchill_College_Crest.svg/12px-Churchill_College_Crest.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Churchill_College_Crest.svg/18px-Churchill_College_Crest.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Churchill_College_Crest.svg/24px-Churchill_College_Crest.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="421" data-file-height="492" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Churchill_College,_Cambridge" title="Churchill College, Cambridge">Churchill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:ClareCollegeCrest.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Clare College heraldic shield"><img alt="Clare College heraldic shield" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/ClareCollegeCrest.svg/12px-ClareCollegeCrest.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/ClareCollegeCrest.svg/18px-ClareCollegeCrest.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/ClareCollegeCrest.svg/24px-ClareCollegeCrest.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="579" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Clare_College,_Cambridge" title="Clare College, Cambridge">Clare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:Clarehall_shield.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Clare Hall heraldic shield"><img alt="Clare Hall heraldic shield" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Clarehall_shield.png/12px-Clarehall_shield.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Clarehall_shield.png/18px-Clarehall_shield.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Clarehall_shield.png/24px-Clarehall_shield.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="905" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Clare_Hall,_Cambridge" title="Clare Hall, Cambridge">Clare Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:Arms_of_Corpus_Christi_College,_Cambridge.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Corpus Christi heraldic shield"><img alt="Corpus Christi heraldic shield" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Arms_of_Corpus_Christi_College%2C_Cambridge.svg/12px-Arms_of_Corpus_Christi_College%2C_Cambridge.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Arms_of_Corpus_Christi_College%2C_Cambridge.svg/18px-Arms_of_Corpus_Christi_College%2C_Cambridge.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Arms_of_Corpus_Christi_College%2C_Cambridge.svg/24px-Arms_of_Corpus_Christi_College%2C_Cambridge.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="486" data-file-height="546" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Corpus_Christi_College,_Cambridge" title="Corpus Christi College, Cambridge">Corpus Christi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:Darwin_College_Arms.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Darwin College heraldic shield"><img alt="Darwin College heraldic shield" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Darwin_College_Arms.svg/12px-Darwin_College_Arms.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Darwin_College_Arms.svg/18px-Darwin_College_Arms.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Darwin_College_Arms.svg/24px-Darwin_College_Arms.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Darwin_College,_Cambridge" title="Darwin College, Cambridge">Darwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:Downing_Crest.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Downing College heraldic shield"><img alt="Downing College heraldic shield" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Downing_Crest.svg/12px-Downing_Crest.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Downing_Crest.svg/18px-Downing_Crest.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Downing_Crest.svg/24px-Downing_Crest.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="324" data-file-height="422" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Downing_College,_Cambridge" title="Downing College, Cambridge">Downing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:Emmanuel_College_Crest.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Emmanuel College heraldic shield"><img alt="Emmanuel College heraldic shield" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Emmanuel_College_Crest.svg/12px-Emmanuel_College_Crest.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Emmanuel_College_Crest.svg/18px-Emmanuel_College_Crest.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Emmanuel_College_Crest.svg/24px-Emmanuel_College_Crest.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1145" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_College,_Cambridge" title="Emmanuel College, Cambridge">Emmanuel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:Fitzwilliam_College_shield.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Fitzwilliam College heraldic shield"><img alt="Fitzwilliam College heraldic shield" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Fitzwilliam_College_shield.svg/12px-Fitzwilliam_College_shield.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Fitzwilliam_College_shield.svg/18px-Fitzwilliam_College_shield.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Fitzwilliam_College_shield.svg/24px-Fitzwilliam_College_shield.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="563" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Fitzwilliam_College,_Cambridge" title="Fitzwilliam College, Cambridge">Fitzwilliam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:Arms_of_Girton_College,_Cambridge.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Arms_of_Girton_College%2C_Cambridge.svg/12px-Arms_of_Girton_College%2C_Cambridge.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Arms_of_Girton_College%2C_Cambridge.svg/18px-Arms_of_Girton_College%2C_Cambridge.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Arms_of_Girton_College%2C_Cambridge.svg/24px-Arms_of_Girton_College%2C_Cambridge.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="604" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Girton_College,_Cambridge" title="Girton College, Cambridge">Girton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:Gonville_%26_Caius_College_Crest.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Gonville and Caius College heraldic shield"><img alt="Gonville and Caius College heraldic shield" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Gonville_%26_Caius_College_Crest.svg/12px-Gonville_%26_Caius_College_Crest.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Gonville_%26_Caius_College_Crest.svg/18px-Gonville_%26_Caius_College_Crest.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Gonville_%26_Caius_College_Crest.svg/24px-Gonville_%26_Caius_College_Crest.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="709" data-file-height="709" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Gonville_and_Caius_College,_Cambridge" title="Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge">Gonville & Caius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:Homerton_College_Shield_for_print.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Homerton_College_Shield_for_print.png/12px-Homerton_College_Shield_for_print.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Homerton_College_Shield_for_print.png/18px-Homerton_College_Shield_for_print.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Homerton_College_Shield_for_print.png/24px-Homerton_College_Shield_for_print.png 2x" data-file-width="1321" data-file-height="1608" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Homerton_College,_Cambridge" title="Homerton College, Cambridge">Homerton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:HughesHallShield.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Hughes Hall heraldic shield"><img alt="Hughes Hall heraldic shield" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/HughesHallShield.png/12px-HughesHallShield.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/HughesHallShield.png/18px-HughesHallShield.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/HughesHallShield.png/24px-HughesHallShield.png 2x" data-file-width="1233" data-file-height="1487" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Hughes_Hall,_Cambridge" title="Hughes Hall, Cambridge">Hughes Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:Jesus_College_(Cambridge)_shield.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Jesus College heraldic shield"><img alt="Jesus College heraldic shield" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Jesus_College_%28Cambridge%29_shield.svg/12px-Jesus_College_%28Cambridge%29_shield.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Jesus_College_%28Cambridge%29_shield.svg/18px-Jesus_College_%28Cambridge%29_shield.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Jesus_College_%28Cambridge%29_shield.svg/24px-Jesus_College_%28Cambridge%29_shield.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="301" data-file-height="354" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Jesus_College,_Cambridge" title="Jesus College, Cambridge">Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:Kingscollegearms-alternative.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="King's College heraldic shield"><img alt="King's College heraldic shield" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Kingscollegearms-alternative.svg/12px-Kingscollegearms-alternative.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Kingscollegearms-alternative.svg/18px-Kingscollegearms-alternative.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Kingscollegearms-alternative.svg/24px-Kingscollegearms-alternative.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="588" /></a> <a href="/wiki/King%27s_College,_Cambridge" title="King's College, Cambridge">King's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:Lucy_cav_shield.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Lucy Cavendish College heraldic shield"><img alt="Lucy Cavendish College heraldic shield" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Lucy_cav_shield.png/12px-Lucy_cav_shield.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Lucy_cav_shield.png/18px-Lucy_cav_shield.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Lucy_cav_shield.png/24px-Lucy_cav_shield.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="1002" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Lucy_Cavendish_College,_Cambridge" title="Lucy Cavendish College, Cambridge">Lucy Cavendish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:Magdalene_college_shield.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Magdalene College heraldic shield"><img alt="Magdalene College heraldic shield" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Magdalene_college_shield.svg/12px-Magdalene_college_shield.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Magdalene_college_shield.svg/18px-Magdalene_college_shield.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Magdalene_college_shield.svg/24px-Magdalene_college_shield.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="524" data-file-height="601" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Magdalene_College,_Cambridge" title="Magdalene College, Cambridge">Magdalene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:MurrayEdwardsCollegeCrest.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/MurrayEdwardsCollegeCrest.svg/12px-MurrayEdwardsCollegeCrest.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/MurrayEdwardsCollegeCrest.svg/18px-MurrayEdwardsCollegeCrest.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/MurrayEdwardsCollegeCrest.svg/24px-MurrayEdwardsCollegeCrest.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1285" data-file-height="1508" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Murray_Edwards_College,_Cambridge" title="Murray Edwards College, Cambridge">Murray Edwards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:Newnham_crest.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Newnham College heraldic shield"><img alt="Newnham College heraldic shield" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Newnham_crest.png/12px-Newnham_crest.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Newnham_crest.png/18px-Newnham_crest.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Newnham_crest.png/24px-Newnham_crest.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="1051" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Newnham_College,_Cambridge" title="Newnham College, Cambridge">Newnham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:Pembroke_College_(Cambridge)_shield.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Pembroke College heraldic shield"><img alt="Pembroke College heraldic shield" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Pembroke_College_%28Cambridge%29_shield.svg/12px-Pembroke_College_%28Cambridge%29_shield.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Pembroke_College_%28Cambridge%29_shield.svg/18px-Pembroke_College_%28Cambridge%29_shield.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Pembroke_College_%28Cambridge%29_shield.svg/24px-Pembroke_College_%28Cambridge%29_shield.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="350" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Pembroke_College,_Cambridge" title="Pembroke College, Cambridge">Pembroke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:Peterhouse_shield.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Peterhouse coat of arms"><img alt="Peterhouse coat of arms" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Peterhouse_shield.svg/12px-Peterhouse_shield.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Peterhouse_shield.svg/18px-Peterhouse_shield.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Peterhouse_shield.svg/24px-Peterhouse_shield.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="605" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Peterhouse,_Cambridge" title="Peterhouse, Cambridge">Peterhouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:Queens%27_College_(Cambridge)_shield.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Queens' College heraldic shield"><img alt="Queens' College heraldic shield" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Queens%27_College_%28Cambridge%29_shield.svg/12px-Queens%27_College_%28Cambridge%29_shield.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Queens%27_College_%28Cambridge%29_shield.svg/18px-Queens%27_College_%28Cambridge%29_shield.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Queens%27_College_%28Cambridge%29_shield.svg/24px-Queens%27_College_%28Cambridge%29_shield.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="299" data-file-height="354" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Queens%27_College,_Cambridge" title="Queens' College, Cambridge">Queens'</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:Robinson_College_Crest.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Robinson College heraldic shield"><img alt="Robinson College heraldic shield" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Robinson_College_Crest.svg/12px-Robinson_College_Crest.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Robinson_College_Crest.svg/18px-Robinson_College_Crest.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Robinson_College_Crest.svg/24px-Robinson_College_Crest.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1076" data-file-height="1325" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Robinson_College,_Cambridge" title="Robinson College, Cambridge">Robinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:Selwyn_College_shield.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Selwyn College heraldic shield"><img alt="Selwyn College heraldic shield" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Selwyn_College_shield.svg/12px-Selwyn_College_shield.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Selwyn_College_shield.svg/18px-Selwyn_College_shield.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Selwyn_College_shield.svg/24px-Selwyn_College_shield.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="296" data-file-height="354" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Selwyn_College,_Cambridge" title="Selwyn College, Cambridge">Selwyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:Sidney_Sussex_College_shield.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Sidney Sussex College heraldic shield"><img alt="Sidney Sussex College heraldic shield" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Sidney_Sussex_College_shield.svg/12px-Sidney_Sussex_College_shield.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Sidney_Sussex_College_shield.svg/18px-Sidney_Sussex_College_shield.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Sidney_Sussex_College_shield.svg/24px-Sidney_Sussex_College_shield.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="298" data-file-height="354" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Sidney_Sussex_College,_Cambridge" title="Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge">Sidney Sussex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:St_Catharine%27s_College_Crest_-_flat.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="St Catharine's College heraldic shield"><img alt="St Catharine's College heraldic shield" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/St_Catharine%27s_College_Crest_-_flat.svg/12px-St_Catharine%27s_College_Crest_-_flat.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/St_Catharine%27s_College_Crest_-_flat.svg/18px-St_Catharine%27s_College_Crest_-_flat.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/St_Catharine%27s_College_Crest_-_flat.svg/24px-St_Catharine%27s_College_Crest_-_flat.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="501" data-file-height="615" /></a> <a href="/wiki/St_Catharine%27s_College,_Cambridge" title="St Catharine's College, Cambridge">St Catharine's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:StEdmund%27sCrest.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/StEdmund%27sCrest.png/12px-StEdmund%27sCrest.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/StEdmund%27sCrest.png/18px-StEdmund%27sCrest.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/StEdmund%27sCrest.png/24px-StEdmund%27sCrest.png 2x" data-file-width="582" data-file-height="712" /></a> <a href="/wiki/St_Edmund%27s_College,_Cambridge" title="St Edmund's College, Cambridge">St Edmund's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:Johns_shield.png" class="mw-file-description" title="St John's College heraldic shield"><img alt="St John's College heraldic shield" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Johns_shield.png/12px-Johns_shield.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Johns_shield.png/18px-Johns_shield.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Johns_shield.png/24px-Johns_shield.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="953" /></a> <a href="/wiki/St_John%27s_College,_Cambridge" title="St John's College, Cambridge">St John's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:Trinity_College_(Cambridge)_shield.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Trinity College coat of arms"><img alt="Trinity College coat of arms" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Trinity_College_%28Cambridge%29_shield.svg/12px-Trinity_College_%28Cambridge%29_shield.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Trinity_College_%28Cambridge%29_shield.svg/18px-Trinity_College_%28Cambridge%29_shield.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Trinity_College_%28Cambridge%29_shield.svg/24px-Trinity_College_%28Cambridge%29_shield.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="303" data-file-height="353" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Trinity_College,_Cambridge" title="Trinity College, Cambridge">Trinity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:Trinity_Hall_Crest.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Trinity Hall heraldic shield"><img alt="Trinity Hall heraldic shield" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Trinity_Hall_Crest.png/12px-Trinity_Hall_Crest.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Trinity_Hall_Crest.png/18px-Trinity_Hall_Crest.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Trinity_Hall_Crest.png/24px-Trinity_Hall_Crest.png 2x" data-file-width="1224" data-file-height="1482" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Trinity_Hall,_Cambridge" title="Trinity Hall, Cambridge">Trinity Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:Wolfson_College_Crest.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Wolfson College Crest"><img alt="Wolfson College Crest" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Wolfson_College_Crest.png/12px-Wolfson_College_Crest.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Wolfson_College_Crest.png/18px-Wolfson_College_Crest.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Wolfson_College_Crest.png/24px-Wolfson_College_Crest.png 2x" data-file-width="1217" data-file-height="1383" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Wolfson_College,_Cambridge" title="Wolfson College, Cambridge">Wolfson</a></li></ol> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Schools,_faculties_and_departments">Schools, faculties and departments</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Cambridge&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Schools, faculties and departments">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_institutions_of_the_University_of_Cambridge#Schools,_Faculties,_and_Departments" title="List of institutions of the University of Cambridge">List of institutions of the University of Cambridge § Schools, Faculties, and Departments</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Across_the_lake_to_Madingley_Hall_(geograph_6402209_by_John_Sutton).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Across_the_lake_to_Madingley_Hall_%28geograph_6402209_by_John_Sutton%29.jpg/220px-Across_the_lake_to_Madingley_Hall_%28geograph_6402209_by_John_Sutton%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="275" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Across_the_lake_to_Madingley_Hall_%28geograph_6402209_by_John_Sutton%29.jpg/330px-Across_the_lake_to_Madingley_Hall_%28geograph_6402209_by_John_Sutton%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Across_the_lake_to_Madingley_Hall_%28geograph_6402209_by_John_Sutton%29.jpg/440px-Across_the_lake_to_Madingley_Hall_%28geograph_6402209_by_John_Sutton%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="819" data-file-height="1024" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/University_of_Cambridge_Institute_of_Continuing_Education" title="University of Cambridge Institute of Continuing Education">Institute of Continuing Education</a> at Madingley Hall</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Old_Schools_from_Kings_Parade,_Cambridge,_UK_-_Diliff.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Old_Schools_from_Kings_Parade%2C_Cambridge%2C_UK_-_Diliff.jpg/220px-Old_Schools_from_Kings_Parade%2C_Cambridge%2C_UK_-_Diliff.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Old_Schools_from_Kings_Parade%2C_Cambridge%2C_UK_-_Diliff.jpg/330px-Old_Schools_from_Kings_Parade%2C_Cambridge%2C_UK_-_Diliff.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Old_Schools_from_Kings_Parade%2C_Cambridge%2C_UK_-_Diliff.jpg/440px-Old_Schools_from_Kings_Parade%2C_Cambridge%2C_UK_-_Diliff.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5418" data-file-height="3049" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Old_Schools" title="Old Schools">Old Schools</a> (left) houses the university's administrative offices.</figcaption></figure> In addition to the 31 colleges, the university maintains over 150 departments, faculties, schools, syndicates, and other academic institutions.<a href="#cite_note-79">[78]</a> Members of these are usually members of one of the colleges, and responsibility for the entire academic programme of the university is divided among them. The university has a department dedicated to providing <a href="/wiki/Continuing_education" title="Continuing education">continuing education</a>, the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Cambridge_Institute_of_Continuing_Education" title="University of Cambridge Institute of Continuing Education">Institute of Continuing Education</a>, which is based primarily in <a href="/wiki/Madingley_Hall" class="mw-redirect" title="Madingley Hall">Madingley Hall</a>, a 16th-century manor house in <a href="/wiki/Cambridgeshire" title="Cambridgeshire">Cambridgeshire</a>. Its award-bearing programmes include both undergraduate certificates and part-time master's degrees.<a href="#cite_note-80">[79]</a> A school in the University of Cambridge is a broad administrative grouping of related faculties and other units. Each has an elected supervisory body known as a Council, composed of representatives of the various constituent bodies. The University of Cambridge maintains six such schools:<a href="#cite_note-81">[80]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col"> <ul><li>Arts and Humanities</li> <li>Biological Sciences</li> <li>Clinical Medicine</li> <li>Humanities and Social Sciences</li> <li>Physical Sciences</li> <li>Technology</li></ul> </div> Teaching and research at the university is organised by faculties. The faculties have varying organisational substructures that partly reflect their respective histories and the university's operational needs, which may include a number of departments and other institutions. A small number of bodies called syndicates hold responsibility for teaching and research, including for the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Cambridge_Local_Examinations_Syndicate" title="University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate">University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">University Press</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Library" title="Cambridge University Library">University Library</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Central_administration">Central administration</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Cambridge&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Central administration">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Chancellor_and_Vice-Chancellor">Chancellor and Vice-Chancellor</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Cambridge&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Chancellor and Vice-Chancellor">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_chancellors_of_the_University_of_Cambridge" title="List of chancellors of the University of Cambridge">List of chancellors of the University of Cambridge</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_vice-chancellors_of_the_University_of_Cambridge" title="List of vice-chancellors of the University of Cambridge">List of vice-chancellors of the University of Cambridge</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cmglee_Cambridge_graduation_officers.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Cmglee_Cambridge_graduation_officers.jpg/220px-Cmglee_Cambridge_graduation_officers.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Cmglee_Cambridge_graduation_officers.jpg/330px-Cmglee_Cambridge_graduation_officers.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Cmglee_Cambridge_graduation_officers.jpg/440px-Cmglee_Cambridge_graduation_officers.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="4096" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Regent_House" title="Regent House">Regent House</a> officers following a July 2014 graduation ceremony</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:DivinityFaculty.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/DivinityFaculty.jpg/220px-DivinityFaculty.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/DivinityFaculty.jpg/330px-DivinityFaculty.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/DivinityFaculty.jpg/440px-DivinityFaculty.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Faculty_of_Divinity,_University_of_Cambridge" title="Faculty of Divinity, University of Cambridge">Faculty of Divinity</a> at the university</figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/List_of_Chancellors_of_the_University_of_Cambridge" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Chancellors of the University of Cambridge">Chancellor</a> of the university is limitless term position that is mainly ceremonial and is held currently by <a href="/wiki/David_Sainsbury,_Baron_Sainsbury_of_Turville" title="David Sainsbury, Baron Sainsbury of Turville">David Sainsbury, Baron Sainsbury of Turville</a>, who succeeded the <a href="/wiki/Prince_Philip,_Duke_of_Edinburgh" title="Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh">Duke of Edinburgh</a> following his retirement on his 90th birthday in June 2011. Lord Sainsbury was nominated by the nomination board.<a href="#cite_note-82">[81]</a><a href="#cite_note-83">[82]</a><a href="#cite_note-Guardian-84">[83]</a><a href="#cite_note-CamElectionNews-85">[84]</a> The <a href="/wiki/University_of_Cambridge_Chancellor_election,_2011" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Cambridge Chancellor election, 2011">election</a> took place on 14 and 15 October 2011<a href="#cite_note-CamElectionNews-85">[84]</a> with Sainsbury taking 2,893 of the 5,888 votes cast, and winning on the election's first count. The current <a href="/wiki/List_of_vice-chancellors_of_the_University_of_Cambridge" title="List of vice-chancellors of the University of Cambridge">vice-chancellor</a> is <a href="/wiki/Deborah_Prentice" title="Deborah Prentice">Deborah Prentice</a>, who began her role in July 2023.<a href="#cite_note-86">[85]</a> While the Chancellor's office is ceremonial, the Vice-Chancellor serves as the university's de facto principal administrative officer. The university's internal governance is carried out almost entirely by <a href="/wiki/Regent_House" title="Regent House">Regent House</a> augmented by some external representation from the Audit Committee and four external members of the <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Council" title="Cambridge University Council">University's Council</a>.<a href="#cite_note-87">[86]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Senate_and_the_Regent_House">Senate and the Regent House</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Cambridge&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Senate and the Regent House">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:CamLight.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/CamLight.jpg/220px-CamLight.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="116" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/CamLight.jpg/330px-CamLight.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/CamLight.jpg/440px-CamLight.jpg 2x" data-file-width="840" data-file-height="442" /></a><figcaption>Light show on <a href="/wiki/Senate_House,_Cambridge" title="Senate House, Cambridge">Senate House</a> for the 800th anniversary of the university's founding</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:20130808_Castle_End_from_Kings_Bridge.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/20130808_Castle_End_from_Kings_Bridge.jpg/220px-20130808_Castle_End_from_Kings_Bridge.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/20130808_Castle_End_from_Kings_Bridge.jpg/330px-20130808_Castle_End_from_Kings_Bridge.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/20130808_Castle_End_from_Kings_Bridge.jpg/440px-20130808_Castle_End_from_Kings_Bridge.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3600" data-file-height="2400" /></a><figcaption>Old Court at <a href="/wiki/Clare_College,_Cambridge" title="Clare College, Cambridge">Clare College</a></figcaption></figure> The university Senate consists of all holders of the <a href="/wiki/Master_of_Arts_(Oxbridge_and_Dublin)" class="mw-redirect" title="Master of Arts (Oxbridge and Dublin)">MA</a> or higher degrees and is responsible for electing the Chancellor and the High Steward. Until 1950 when the <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Cambridge University (UK Parliament constituency)">Cambridge University constituency</a> was abolished, it was also responsible for electing two members of the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Commons_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="House of Commons of the United Kingdom">House of Commons</a>. Prior to 1926, the university Senate was the university's governing body, fulfilling the functions that <a href="/wiki/Regent_House" title="Regent House">Regent House</a> has provided since.<a href="#cite_note-88">[87]</a> Regent House is the university's governing body, comprising all resident senior members of the university and the colleges, the Chancellor, the <a href="/wiki/High_Steward_(academia)" title="High Steward (academia)">High Steward</a>, the Deputy High Steward, and the Commissary.<a href="#cite_note-89">[88]</a> Public representatives of Regent House are the two <a href="/wiki/Proctor" title="Proctor">Proctors</a>, elected to serve for one year terms upon their nominations by the colleges. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Council_and_General_Board">Council and General Board</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Cambridge&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Council and General Board">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Senate_House_Passage_in_the_snow.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Senate_House_Passage_in_the_snow.JPG/220px-Senate_House_Passage_in_the_snow.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Senate_House_Passage_in_the_snow.JPG/330px-Senate_House_Passage_in_the_snow.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Senate_House_Passage_in_the_snow.JPG/440px-Senate_House_Passage_in_the_snow.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2448" data-file-height="3264" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Trinity_Lane" title="Trinity Lane">Senate House Passage</a> in the snow with <a href="/wiki/Senate_House,_Cambridge" title="Senate House, Cambridge">Senate House</a> on the right and <a href="/wiki/Gonville_and_Caius_College,_Cambridge" title="Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge">Gonville and Caius College</a> on the left</figcaption></figure> Although the <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Council" title="Cambridge University Council">University Council</a> is the university's principal executive and policy-making body, the Council reports to, and is held accountable by, <a href="/wiki/Regent_House" title="Regent House">Regent House</a> through a variety of checks and balances. The council is obliged to advise Regent House on matters of general concern to the university, which it does by publishing notices to the <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Reporter" title="Cambridge University Reporter">Cambridge University Reporter</a>, the university's official journal.<a href="#cite_note-90">[89]</a> In March 2008, Regent House voted to increase from two to four the number of external members on the council,<a href="#cite_note-91">[90]</a><a href="#cite_note-92">[91]</a> and this was approved by Her Majesty the Queen in July 2008.<a href="#cite_note-93">[92]</a> The General Board of the Faculties is responsible for the university's academic and educational policies<a href="#cite_note-94">[93]</a> and is accountable to the council for its management of these affairs. Faculty boards are accountable to the general board; other boards and syndicates are accountable either to the general board or to the council. Under this organizational structure, the university's various arms are kept under supervision of both the central administration and Regent House.<a href="#cite_note-95">[94]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Finances">Finances</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Cambridge&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Finances">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Endowment">Endowment</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Cambridge&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Endowment">edit</a>]</div> The Cambridge University Endowment Fund is the main vehicle of investment for the University.<a href="#cite_note-96">[95]</a> In the fiscal year ending 31 July 2023, the university group, excluding colleges, reported a total endowment of £3.736 billion.<a href="#cite_note-provicechancellorr-97">[96]</a> The figure includes both restricted and unrestricted funds. When reported strictly using Statements of Recommended Practice (SORPs) guidelines, which accounted for only donations that meet certain criteria among non-profit organizations in the UK, endowment reserve stood at £2.469 billion.<a href="#cite_note-provicechancellorr-97">[96]</a> The 31 colleges reported collective <a href="/wiki/Colleges_of_the_University_of_Cambridge" title="Colleges of the University of Cambridge">endowment reserve of £4.582 billion</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Benefactions_and_fundraising">Benefactions and fundraising</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Cambridge&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Benefactions and fundraising">edit</a>]</div> In the fiscal year ending 31 July 2023, the central university, excluding colleges, reported total consolidated income of £2.518 billion, of which £569.5 million was from research grants and contracts.<a href="#cite_note-finstat23-5">[5]</a> In July 2022, the Dear World, Yours Cambridge Campaign for the university and colleges concluded, raising a total of £2.217 billion in commitments.<a href="#cite_note-finstat23-5">[5]</a> The university maintains multiple scholarship programs. The Stormzy Scholarship for Black UK Students covers tuition costs for two students and maintenance grants for up to four years.<a href="#cite_note-98">[97]</a> In 2000, <a href="/wiki/Bill_Gates" title="Bill Gates">Bill Gates</a> of <a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a> donated US$210 million through the <a href="/wiki/Bill_and_Melinda_Gates_Foundation" class="mw-redirect" title="Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation">Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation</a> to endow <a href="/wiki/Gates_Cambridge_Scholarship" title="Gates Cambridge Scholarship">Gates Cambridge Scholarships</a> for students from outside the United Kingdom to pursue full-time postgraduate study at Cambridge.<a href="#cite_note-99">[98]</a> In October 2021, the university suspended its £400m collaboration with the <a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a>, citing allegations that UAE was involved in illegal hacking of the university's computer and storage systems using <a href="/wiki/NSO_Group" title="NSO Group">NSO Group</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Pegasus_(spyware)" title="Pegasus (spyware)">Pegasus</a> software. UAE also was behind the leak of over 50,000 phone numbers, including hundreds belonging to British citizens. <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Toope" title="Stephen Toope">Stephen Toope</a>, the university's outgoing Vice-Chancellor, said the decision to suspend its collaboration with UAE also was a result of additional revelations about UAE's Pegasus software hacking.<a href="#cite_note-100">[99]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Bonds">Bonds</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Cambridge&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Bonds">edit</a>]</div> The University of Cambridge borrowed £350 million in October 2012 by issuing 40-year security <a href="/wiki/Bond_(finance)" title="Bond (finance)">bonds</a>,<a href="#cite_note-CN2012oct11ib-101">[100]</a> whose interest rate is approximately 0.6 percent higher than the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Government of the United Kingdom">British government</a>'s 40-year bond.<a href="#cite_note-102">[101]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Affiliations_and_memberships">Affiliations and memberships</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Cambridge&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Affiliations and memberships">edit</a>]</div> The University of Cambridge is a member of the <a href="/wiki/Russell_Group" title="Russell Group">Russell Group</a> of research-led <a href="/wiki/Universities_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Universities in the United Kingdom">British universities</a>, the <a href="/wiki/G5_(education)" class="mw-redirect" title="G5 (education)">G5</a>, the <a href="/wiki/League_of_European_Research_Universities" title="League of European Research Universities">League of European Research Universities</a>, the <a href="/wiki/International_Alliance_of_Research_Universities" title="International Alliance of Research Universities">International Alliance of Research Universities</a>, and it is part of the so-called <a href="/wiki/Golden_triangle_(universities)" title="Golden triangle (universities)">golden triangle</a> of <a href="/wiki/Research_university" title="Research university">research intensive universities</a> in the <a href="/wiki/South_England" class="mw-redirect" title="South England">south of England</a>.<a href="#cite_note-103">[102]</a> It is also closely linked to the <a href="/wiki/High_tech" title="High tech">high tech</a> business cluster known as <a href="/wiki/Silicon_Fen" title="Silicon Fen">Silicon Fen</a> and is part of <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Health_Partners" title="Cambridge University Health Partners">Cambridge University Health Partners</a>, Europe's largest <a href="/wiki/Academic_health_science_centre" class="mw-redirect" title="Academic health science centre">academic health science centre</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Academic_profile">Academic profile</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Cambridge&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Academic profile">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Admissions">Admissions</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Cambridge&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Admissions">edit</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable floatright" style="font-size:85%; text-align:center;"> <caption>Undergraduate admission statistics </caption> <tbody><tr> <th> </th> <th>2023<a href="#cite_note-104">[103]</a> </th> <th>2022<a href="#cite_note-105">[104]</a> </th> <th>2021<a href="#cite_note-106">[105]</a> </th> <th>2020<a href="#cite_note-107">[106]</a> </th> <th>2019<a href="#cite_note-108">[107]</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td>Applications </td> <td>21,445 </td> <td>22,470 </td> <td>22,795 </td> <td>20,426 </td> <td>19,359 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Offer Rate (%) </td> <td>21.2 </td> <td>18.9 </td> <td>18.7 </td> <td>23.1 </td> <td>24.3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Enrols </td> <td>3,557 </td> <td>3,544 </td> <td>3,660 </td> <td>3,997 </td> <td>3,528 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Yield_(college_admissions)" title="Yield (college admissions)">Yield (%)</a> </td> <td>78.1 </td> <td>83.6 </td> <td>85.9 </td> <td>84.9 </td> <td>75.2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Applicant/Enrolled Ratio </td> <td>6.03 </td> <td>6.34 </td> <td>6.23 </td> <td>5.11 </td> <td>5.49 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/UCAS_Tariff" title="UCAS Tariff">Average Entry Tariff</a><a href="#cite_note-CUG_Entry-109">[108]</a> </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td>209 </td> <td>207 </td> <td>205 </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable floatright sortable collapsible mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="font-size:85%; text-align:right;"> <caption class="nowrap">HESA Student Body Composition </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Domicile<a href="#cite_note-110">[109]</a> and Ethnicity<a href="#cite_note-HESA_ethnicity-111">[110]</a> </th> <th colspan="2" data-sort-type="number">Total </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/White_people_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="White people in the United Kingdom">British White</a> </td> <td align="right">47% </td> <td align="left">47<div style="width:94px;height:2ex;background:#aaa;color:inherit;background:red"> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Classification_of_ethnicity_in_the_United_Kingdom#Collective_terms_for_minority_ethnic_groups" title="Classification of ethnicity in the United Kingdom">British Ethnic Minorities</a><a href="#cite_note-112">[b]</a> </td> <td align="right">21% </td> <td align="left">21<div style="width:42px;height:2ex;background:#aaa;color:inherit;background:green"> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">International EU</a> </td> <td align="right">9% </td> <td align="left">9<div style="width:18px;height:2ex;background:#aaa;color:inherit;background:blue"> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/International_students_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="International students in the United Kingdom">International Non-EU</a> </td> <td align="right">23% </td> <td align="left">23<div style="width:46px;height:2ex;background:#aaa;color:inherit;background:gray"> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="4" data-sort-type="number">Undergraduate <a href="/wiki/Widening_participation" title="Widening participation">Widening Participation</a> Indicators<a href="#cite_note-113">[111]</a><a href="#cite_note-Times23-114">[112]</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_the_United_Kingdom#Education" title="Feminism in the United Kingdom">Female</a> </td> <td align="right">50% </td> <td align="left">50<div style="width:100px;height:2ex;background:#aaa;color:inherit;background:purple"> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Private_schools_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Private schools in the United Kingdom">Private School</a> </td> <td align="right">30% </td> <td align="left">30<div style="width:60px;height:2ex;background:#aaa;color:inherit;background:orange"> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Low Participation Areas<a href="#cite_note-115">[c]</a> </td> <td align="right">5% </td> <td align="left">5<div style="width:10px;height:2ex;background:#aaa;color:inherit;background:black"> </div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Process">Process</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Cambridge&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Process">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:St_John%27s_College_New_Court_1,_Cambridge,_UK_-_Diliff.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="St John's New Court" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/St_John%27s_College_New_Court_1%2C_Cambridge%2C_UK_-_Diliff.jpg/220px-St_John%27s_College_New_Court_1%2C_Cambridge%2C_UK_-_Diliff.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/St_John%27s_College_New_Court_1%2C_Cambridge%2C_UK_-_Diliff.jpg/330px-St_John%27s_College_New_Court_1%2C_Cambridge%2C_UK_-_Diliff.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/St_John%27s_College_New_Court_1%2C_Cambridge%2C_UK_-_Diliff.jpg/440px-St_John%27s_College_New_Court_1%2C_Cambridge%2C_UK_-_Diliff.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6748" data-file-height="4305" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/St_John%27s_College,_Cambridge" title="St John's College, Cambridge">St John's College</a> New Court</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:TrinityCollegeCamGreatCourt.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/TrinityCollegeCamGreatCourt.jpg/220px-TrinityCollegeCamGreatCourt.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/TrinityCollegeCamGreatCourt.jpg/330px-TrinityCollegeCamGreatCourt.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/TrinityCollegeCamGreatCourt.jpg/440px-TrinityCollegeCamGreatCourt.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1181" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Trinity_Great_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="Trinity Great Court">Great Court</a> of <a href="/wiki/Trinity_College,_Cambridge" title="Trinity College, Cambridge">Trinity College</a>, dating back to the 16th Century</figcaption></figure> Admission to the University of Cambridge is extremely competitive. In 2022, for instance, around 15% of applicants were admitted.<a href="#cite_note-116">[113]</a><a href="#cite_note-117">[114]</a> In 2021, Cambridge introduced an over-subscription clause to its offers of admission, which also permits the university to withdraw acceptances if too many students meet its selective entrance criteria. The clause can be invoked in the event of circumstances outside the reasonable control of the university. The clause was introduced following a record number of <a href="/wiki/GCE_Advanced_Level" class="mw-redirect" title="GCE Advanced Level">A-level</a> pupils who obtained the highest grades from teacher assessment, which was introduced due to the cancellation of A-level examinations during the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic</a>.<a href="#cite_note-118">[115]</a><a href="#cite_note-119">[116]</a> The university's standard offer for most courses is set at A*AA,<a href="#cite_note-120">[117]</a><a href="#cite_note-121">[118]</a> with A*A*A for science courses, or equivalent in other examination systems, e.g. 7,6,6 or 7,7,6 in IB. Due to a high proportion of applicants receiving the highest school grades, an interview process was introduced as a component of consideration for admission. Interviews are performed by College Fellows, who evaluate candidates on unexamined factors including potential for <a href="/wiki/Critical_thinking" title="Critical thinking">original thinking</a> and creativity.<a href="#cite_note-intguide-122">[119]</a> Prior to 2020 these interviews were normally held in person but moved online during the COVID-19 pandemic and have, at most colleges, remained online since.<a href="#cite_note-123">[120]</a> For exceptional candidates, a matriculation offer is sometimes offered, requiring only two A-levels at grade E or above. <a href="/wiki/Sutton_Trust" title="Sutton Trust">Sutton Trust</a> maintains that the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Oxford" title="University of Oxford">University of Oxford</a> and the University of Cambridge recruit disproportionately from eight schools, which account for 1,310 <a href="/wiki/Oxbridge" title="Oxbridge">Oxbridge</a> places over three years contrasted with 1,220 from 2,900 other schools.<a href="#cite_note-124">[121]</a> Strong applicants who are not successful in being admitted to their chosen college at the university may be placed in the <a href="/wiki/Winter_Pool" class="mw-redirect" title="Winter Pool">Winter Pool</a>, where they can be considered for admission to other university colleges, which maintains consistency throughout the colleges, some of which receive more applicants than others. Undergraduate applications are processed through <a href="/wiki/UCAS" title="UCAS">UCAS</a>, and the deadline for their submission currently is mid-October in the year before prior to beginning. Until the 1980s, candidates for all subjects were required to take special entrance examinations,<a href="#cite_note-125">[122]</a> which have since been replaced by additional tests for some subjects, such as the Thinking Skills Assessment and Cambridge Law Test.<a href="#cite_note-126">[123]</a> The university has at times considered reintroducing an admissions exam for all subjects.<a href="#cite_note-127">[124]</a> Graduate admission is first decided by the faculty or department responsible for the applicant's respective academic subject. An offer of acceptance effectively guarantees admission to the university, though not necessarily the applicant's preferred choice of college.<a href="#cite_note-128">[125]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Winter_pool">Winter pool</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Cambridge&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Winter pool">edit</a>]</div> The Winter Pool or inter-College Pool is part of the undergraduate application process intended to ensure that the best applicants are offered admission.<a href="#cite_note-129">[126]</a> Approximately 20–25% of undergraduate admissions are awarded through the Pool. Each college can place applicants in the Winter Pool. These applicants' applications are then considered by Admissions Tutors or Directors of Studies during the pool, which takes place over three days in January prior to the release of the university's admissions decisions.<a href="#cite_note-:0a-130">[127]</a> For each subject, colleges create an ordered list of the pooled applicants they seek to admit, and take turns choosing applicants. Colleges with specific student requirements, such as mature colleges and women-only colleges, are given priority over applicants eligible for their colleges. Some applicants are selected from the pool by the college that originally pooled them.<a href="#cite_note-:0a-130">[127]</a> Once all the colleges have selected as many applicants as they need, the pool ends. Some applicants are then interviewed a second time by the colleges before final admissions decisions are made. Colleges can pool any candidate, either because the college has no space but believes the applicant is strong enough to get a place, or because the college wants to compare that applicant to other pooled applicants. Most applicants in the pool are pooled at their original college's discretion, but some candidates meet the compulsory pooling criteria.<a href="#cite_note-131">[128]</a> There were, as of the 2020–21 admissions cycle, only two grounds for compulsory pooling. For post-qualified applicants, their achieved grades at A level or equivalent and, for applicants with overseas interviews, an interview score of at least eight is achieved in all interviews. The second criterion does not apply to medicine applicants.<a href="#cite_note-WhatDoTheyKno.comw-2020-132">[129]</a> Previously, <a href="/wiki/GCE_Advanced_Subsidiary_Level" class="mw-redirect" title="GCE Advanced Subsidiary Level">AS-Level</a> UMS have been used as pooling criteria, but after <a href="/wiki/GCE_Advanced_Level" class="mw-redirect" title="GCE Advanced Level">A-levels</a> became linear this was discontinued.<a href="#cite_note-WhatDoTheyKno.comw-2020-132">[129]</a> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Compulsory pooling criteria for post-qualified candidates </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Qualification Type </th> <th>Minimum grades </th> <th>Notes </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/A-Levels" class="mw-redirect" title="A-Levels">A-Levels</a> </td> <td>A*A*A* </td> <td>For science applicants, at least three A*s must be in science/maths subjects </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/International_Baccalaureate" title="International Baccalaureate">International Baccalaureate</a> </td> <td>43 points overall with 776 at higher level or 42 points overall with 777 at higher level </td> <td>For science applicants, at least two 7s must be in science/maths subjects </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Higher" title="Advanced Higher">Scottish Advanced Highers</a> </td> <td>A1A1A1 </td> <td>For science applicants, at least 3 A1s must be in science/maths subjects </td></tr></tbody></table> As of 2012, there is only one specifically identified category for pooled applicants, which is known as S, meaning that the application is in special need of reassessment. This is used when candidates whose initial interview scores are of questionable accuracy, such as when a candidate received very different scores from different interviewers, experienced technical issues with interviews conducted over the internet, or was impacted by significant extenuating circumstances such as illness or the loss of a family member.<a href="#cite_note-WhatDoTheyKno.comw-2020-132">[129]</a> Pooled applicants who are fished by a college may be offered a place immediately or may be invited for an interview. In 2020, just 89 applicants were invited for second interviews, 34 of whom received offers of admission.<a href="#cite_note-:0a-130">[127]</a> Each year, approximately 3,500 applicants receive offers from their preference college and a further 1,000 to 1,100 applicants are offered admission by another college through the pool. On average, one in five applicants is pooled and around one in four pooled applicants receives an offer of admission.<a href="#cite_note-:0a-130">[127]</a> Statistics released by the university show that some colleges regularly receive particularly high numbers of applicants, and these colleges tend to take fewer applicants from the pool. Other colleges regularly draw a greater proportion of their undergraduate intake from the pool.<a href="#cite_note-133">[130]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Access">Access</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Cambridge&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Access">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Percentage_of_state-school_students_at_Oxford_and_Cambridge.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Percentage_of_state-school_students_at_Oxford_and_Cambridge.png/220px-Percentage_of_state-school_students_at_Oxford_and_Cambridge.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Percentage_of_state-school_students_at_Oxford_and_Cambridge.png/330px-Percentage_of_state-school_students_at_Oxford_and_Cambridge.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Percentage_of_state-school_students_at_Oxford_and_Cambridge.png/440px-Percentage_of_state-school_students_at_Oxford_and_Cambridge.png 2x" data-file-width="912" data-file-height="456" /></a><figcaption>Percent of state school students at Cambridge and <a href="/wiki/University_of_Oxford" title="University of Oxford">Oxford</a><a href="#cite_note-134">[131]</a><a href="#cite_note-135">[132]</a></figcaption></figure> Public debate in the United Kingdom exists over whether admissions processes used at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Oxford" title="University of Oxford">University of Oxford</a> and Cambridge are entirely merit-based and fair, whether enough students from <a href="/wiki/State_school#United_Kingdom" title="State school">state schools</a> are encouraged to apply, and whether these students are offered sufficient admission. In 2020–21, 71% of all successful applicants were from <a href="/wiki/State_school#United_Kingdom" title="State school">state schools</a><a href="#cite_note-136">[133]</a> compared to approximately 93% of all students in the UK who attended state schools and 82% of post-16 students<a href="#cite_note-137">[134]</a>). Critics have argued that the relative lower percent of state school applicants with the required grades for admission to Cambridge and Oxford has had a negative impact on Oxford and Cambridge's collective reputation, though both universities have encouraged pupils from state schools to apply to help redress the perceived imbalance.<a href="#cite_note-138">[135]</a> Others counter that government pressure to increase state school admissions constitutes inappropriate <a href="/wiki/Social_engineering_(political_science)" title="Social engineering (political science)">social engineering</a>.<a href="#cite_note-139">[136]</a><a href="#cite_note-140">[137]</a> The proportion of undergraduates drawn from independent schools has dropped over the years, constituting, as of 2020, 26% of total admissions among the university's 3,436 applicants from independent schools compared to 23% of the 9,237 applications from state schools.<a href="#cite_note-141">[138]</a> Cambridge, together with Oxford and <a href="/wiki/Durham_University" title="Durham University">Durham</a>, was among those universities that adopted formulae in 2009 to rate the <a href="/wiki/General_Certificate_of_Secondary_Education" class="mw-redirect" title="General Certificate of Secondary Education">GCSE</a> performance of schools, using data from the <a href="/wiki/Department_for_Children,_Schools_and_Families" title="Department for Children, Schools and Families">Department for Children, Schools and Families</a>, and took this into account when assessing university applicants.<a href="#cite_note-142">[139]</a> With the release of admissions figures, <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a> reported in 2013 that ethnic minority candidates had lower success rates in individual subjects even when they had the same grades as white applicants. The university was criticised for what was seen as institutional discrimination against ethnic minority applicants in favour of white applicants. The university denied the claims of institutional discrimination, stating the figures did not take into account other variables.<a href="#cite_note-Guardian20130226-143">[140]</a> A subsequent article reported that, in the years 2010 to 2012, ethnic minority applicants to medicine with 3 A* grades or higher were 20% less likely to gain admission than white applicants with similar grades. The university refused to provide figures for a wider range of subjects, claiming that assembling and releasing such information was excessively costly.<a href="#cite_note-144">[141]</a> Given the competitive nature of gaining admission to the University of Cambridge, a number of educational consultancies have emerged to offer support with the application process. Some claim they can improve chances for admission, though these claims have never been independently verified. None of these companies are affiliated with or endorsed by the University of Cambridge. The university informs applicants that all necessary information regarding the application process is publicly available through the university and none of these services is providing any insight not already publicly available to applicants.<a href="#cite_note-145">[142]</a> The University of Cambridge has been criticised for admitting a lower percentage of Black students, though many apply. Of the 31 colleges at Cambridge, six of them admitted fewer than 10 Black or mixed race students between 2012 and 2016.<a href="#cite_note-146">[143]</a> Similar criticism exists over a relatively lower admission rate for white working class applicants; in 2019, only 2% of admitted students were white working class.<a href="#cite_note-147">[144]</a> In January 2021, Cambridge created foundation courses for disadvantaged students.<a href="#cite_note-Media-2021-148">[145]</a> While the usual entry requirements are A*AA in <a href="/wiki/GCE_Advanced_Level" class="mw-redirect" title="GCE Advanced Level">A-Levels</a>, the one-year foundation course has 50 places for students who achieve BBB.<a href="#cite_note-149">[146]</a> If successful on the course, students receive a recognised <a href="/wiki/Certificate_of_Higher_Education" title="Certificate of Higher Education">CertHE</a> qualification and can progress to degrees in the arts, humanities, and social sciences at the university.<a href="#cite_note-Media-2021-148">[145]</a> Candidates include those who have been in care, who are estranged from their families, who have missed significant periods of learning because of health issues, those from low-income backgrounds, and those from schools with few students attending universities.<a href="#cite_note-Media-2021-148">[145]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Teaching">Teaching</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Cambridge&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Teaching">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_School_(intellectual_history)" title="Cambridge School (intellectual history)">Cambridge School (intellectual history)</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_professorships_at_the_University_of_Cambridge" title="List of professorships at the University of Cambridge">List of professorships at the University of Cambridge</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mathmo_results.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Mathmo_results.jpg/220px-Mathmo_results.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="300" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Mathmo_results.jpg/330px-Mathmo_results.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Mathmo_results.jpg/440px-Mathmo_results.jpg 2x" data-file-width="730" data-file-height="994" /></a><figcaption>Results for the <a href="/wiki/Mathematical_Tripos" title="Mathematical Tripos">Cambridge Mathematical Tripos</a> are read aloud at <a href="/wiki/Senate_House,_Cambridge" title="Senate House, Cambridge">Senate House</a> and then tossed from the balcony in accordance with a tradition that began in the 18th century.</figcaption></figure> The University of Cambridge academic year is divided into three academic terms determined by the statutes of the university.<a href="#cite_note-150">[147]</a> <a href="/wiki/Michaelmas_term" title="Michaelmas term">Michaelmas term</a> lasts from October to December; the <a href="/wiki/Lent_term" title="Lent term">Lent term</a> last from January to March; and the <a href="/wiki/Easter_term" title="Easter term">Easter term</a> last from April to June. Within these terms, undergraduate teaching takes place during eight-week periods called full terms. According to university statutes, it is a requirement during these periods that all students live within three miles of the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_St_Mary_the_Great,_Cambridge" title="Church of St Mary the Great, Cambridge">Church of St Mary the Great</a>, which is known as keeping term. Students eligible for graduation must fulfill this condition for nine terms (three years) while pursuing a Bachelor of Arts or twelve terms (four years) when pursuing a Master of Science, engineering, or mathematics degree.<a href="#cite_note-151">[148]</a> These terms are shorter than those of many other British universities.<a href="#cite_note-152">[149]</a> Undergraduates are also expected to prepare heavily in the three holidays known as the Christmas, Easter, and Long Vacation holiday periods, which are referred to by the university as vacations rather than holidays; students vacate the premises during these periods but are still expected to be pursuing studies and assignments. The <a href="/wiki/Tripos" title="Tripos">Tripos</a> exam involves a mixture of lectures organised by the university department) and <a href="/wiki/Supervision_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Supervision system">supervised</a> and organised by the colleges. Science subjects involve laboratory sessions organised by the departments. The relative importance of these methods of teaching varies according to the needs of the subject. Supervisions are typically weekly hour-long sessions in which small groups of students, usually between one and three students, who meet with a member of the teaching staff or with a doctoral student. Students are normally required to complete an assignment in advance of this supervision, which they then discuss with the supervisor during the session. The assignment is often an essay on a subject assigned by the supervisor, or a problem sheet set by the lecturer. Depending on the subject and college, students sometimes receive between one and four supervisory sessions each week.<a href="#cite_note-153">[150]</a> This <a href="/wiki/Tutorial_system" title="Tutorial system">pedagogical system</a> is often cited as being unique to Oxford, where supervisions are known as <a href="/wiki/Tutorial" title="Tutorial">tutorials</a>,<a href="#cite_note-154">[151]</a> and Cambridge and is sometimes credited with the exceptional nature generally associated with the education at these two world-renowned universities. A tutor named <a href="/wiki/William_Farish_(professor)" class="mw-redirect" title="William Farish (professor)">William Farish</a> developed the concept of grading students' work quantitatively at the University of Cambridge in 1792.<a href="#cite_note-155">[152]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Research">Research</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Cambridge&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Research">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Category:Departments_of_the_University_of_Cambridge" title="Category:Departments of the University of Cambridge">Category:Departments of the University of Cambridge</a></div> The University of Cambridge has research departments and teaching faculties in nearly every academic discipline, and ll research and lectures are conducted by university departments. The colleges are charged with giving or arranging most supervisions, student accommodation, and funding most extracurricular activities. During the 1990s, the University of Cambridge added a substantial number of new specialist research laboratories on several sites around the city, and major expansion continues.<a href="#cite_note-156">[153]</a> From 2000 to 2006, the University of Cambridge maintained a research partnership with <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Institute_of_Technology" title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">MIT</a> in the United States, known as the <a href="/wiki/Cambridge%E2%80%93MIT_Institute" title="Cambridge–MIT Institute">Cambridge–MIT Institute</a>, which was discontinued after evolving into what is now called the CMI Partnership Programme. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Graduation_tradition_and_ceremony">Graduation tradition and ceremony</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Cambridge&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Graduation tradition and ceremony">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cambridge_University_graduation_enter_Senate_House.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Cambridge_University_graduation_enter_Senate_House.jpg/220px-Cambridge_University_graduation_enter_Senate_House.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Cambridge_University_graduation_enter_Senate_House.jpg/330px-Cambridge_University_graduation_enter_Senate_House.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Cambridge_University_graduation_enter_Senate_House.jpg/440px-Cambridge_University_graduation_enter_Senate_House.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>Graduands enter <a href="/wiki/Senate_House,_Cambridge" title="Senate House, Cambridge">Senate House</a> at a graduation ceremony.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cam_degree_ceremony.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Cam_degree_ceremony.jpg/220px-Cam_degree_ceremony.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9f/Cam_degree_ceremony.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="293" data-file-height="440" /></a><figcaption>University officials leading the Vice-Chancellor's deputy into <a href="/wiki/Senate_House,_Cambridge" title="Senate House, Cambridge">Senate House</a> for graduation</figcaption></figure> The university's governing body <a href="/wiki/Regent_House" title="Regent House">Regent House</a> manages and votes on graduations. A formal meeting of Regent House, known as a <a href="/wiki/Congregation_(university)" title="Congregation (university)">congregation</a>, is held for this purpose,<a href="#cite_note-Ceremony-157">[154]</a> which is typically the final act during which all university procedures for undergraduate and graduate students and other degrees are finalised. After degrees are approved, candidates for graduation are required to request their respective college presents them during commencement congregation. Graduates receiving an undergraduate degree wear the <a href="/wiki/Academic_dress_of_the_University_of_Cambridge" title="Academic dress of the University of Cambridge">academic dress</a> to which they are entitled prior to graduating; for example, most students becoming Bachelor of Arts graduates wear undergraduate gowns and not BA gowns. Graduates receiving a post-graduate degree wear the academic dress that they were entitled to before graduating if their first degree was also from the University of Cambridge; if their first degree was from another university, they wear the academic dress of the degree that they are about to receive. The BA gown without the strings is worn if the graduate is 24 years old or younger, and the MA gown without strings is worn if the graduate is 24 years old or older.<a href="#cite_note-158">[155]</a> Graduates are presented their degrees in <a href="/wiki/Senate_House,_Cambridge" title="Senate House, Cambridge">Senate House</a> by each respective college in order of foundation or recognition by the university, except for the university's royal colleges. During the University of Cambridge's congregation ceremony, graduands are brought forth by the <a href="/wiki/Praelector" title="Praelector">Praelector</a> of their respective college, who takes them by the right hand and presents them to the vice-chancellor to receive the degree they have earned. The Praelector presents graduands with the following <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> statement, substituting "____" with the name of the degree and substituting "woman" for "man" if the graduate is female: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote">"Dignissima domina, Domina Procancellaria et tota Academia praesento vobis hunc virum quem scio tam moribus quam doctrina esse idoneum ad gradum assequendum _____; idque tibi fide mea praesto totique Academiae.</blockquote> The Latin statement translates in English as, "Most worthy Vice-Chancellor and the whole University, I present to you this man whom I know to be suitable as much by character as by learning to proceed to the degree of ____; for which I pledge my faith to you and to the whole University." After presentation, the graduate is called by name and kneels before the vice-chancellor and proffers their hands to the vice-chancellor, who clasps them and then confers the degree through the following Latin statement, known as the <a href="/wiki/Trinitarian_formula" title="Trinitarian formula">Trinitarian formula</a> (in nomine Patris), which may be omitted at the request of the graduand: "Auctoritate mihi commissa admitto te ad gradum ____, in nomine Patris et Filii et Spiritus Sancti, which translates in English as: "By the authority committed to me, I admit you to the degree of ____, in the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit." The new graduate then rises, bows, and leaves the Senate House through the Doctor's door in <a href="/wiki/Senate_House_Passage" class="mw-redirect" title="Senate House Passage">Senate House Passage</a>, where they receive their degree certificate.<a href="#cite_note-Ceremony-157">[154]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Libraries_and_museums">Libraries and museums</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Cambridge&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Libraries and museums">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Libraries_of_the_University_of_Cambridge" title="Libraries of the University of Cambridge">Libraries of the University of Cambridge</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Category:Museums_of_the_University_of_Cambridge" title="Category:Museums of the University of Cambridge">Category:Museums of the University of Cambridge</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cmglee_Cambridge_Trinity_College_Neviles_Court.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Cmglee_Cambridge_Trinity_College_Neviles_Court.jpg/220px-Cmglee_Cambridge_Trinity_College_Neviles_Court.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Cmglee_Cambridge_Trinity_College_Neviles_Court.jpg/330px-Cmglee_Cambridge_Trinity_College_Neviles_Court.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Cmglee_Cambridge_Trinity_College_Neviles_Court.jpg/440px-Cmglee_Cambridge_Trinity_College_Neviles_Court.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4096" data-file-height="2048" /></a><figcaption>Trinity College's <a href="/wiki/Wren_Library" title="Wren Library">Wren Library</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:FitzwilliamMuseum.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/FitzwilliamMuseum.jpg/220px-FitzwilliamMuseum.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/FitzwilliamMuseum.jpg/330px-FitzwilliamMuseum.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/FitzwilliamMuseum.jpg/440px-FitzwilliamMuseum.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1117" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Fitzwilliam_Museum" title="Fitzwilliam Museum">Fitzwilliam Museum</a>, the art and antiquities museum of the University of Cambridge</figcaption></figure> The University of Cambridge has <a href="/wiki/Libraries_of_Cambridge_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Libraries of Cambridge University">116 libraries</a>.<a href="#cite_note-159">[156]</a> <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Library" title="Cambridge University Library">Cambridge University Library</a>, which holds over eight million volumes, is the central research library. It is a <a href="/wiki/Legal_deposit" title="Legal deposit">legal deposit</a> library, which entitles it to request a free copy of every book published in the UK and Ireland.<a href="#cite_note-160">[157]</a> In addition to the University Library and its dependents, almost every faculty or department has a specialised library; for example, the History Faculty's <a href="/wiki/Seeley_Historical_Library" title="Seeley Historical Library">Seeley Historical Library</a> houses in excess of 100,000 books. Every college also maintains a library, partly for the purpose of undergraduate teaching; older colleges often possess many early books and manuscripts in a separate library. For example, <a href="/wiki/Trinity_College,_Cambridge" title="Trinity College, Cambridge">Trinity College's</a> <a href="/wiki/Wren_Library,_Cambridge" class="mw-redirect" title="Wren Library, Cambridge">Wren Library</a> houses over 200,000 books printed before 1800 and <a href="/wiki/Corpus_Christi_College,_Cambridge" title="Corpus Christi College, Cambridge">Corpus Christi College's</a> <a href="/wiki/Parker_Library,_Corpus_Christi_College" title="Parker Library, Corpus Christi College">Parker Library</a> has over 600 <a href="/wiki/Illuminated_manuscript" title="Illuminated manuscript">medieval manuscripts</a>, representing one of the largest such collections in the world. <a href="/wiki/Churchill_Archives_Centre" title="Churchill Archives Centre">Churchill Archives Centre</a> on the campus of <a href="/wiki/Churchill_College" class="mw-redirect" title="Churchill College">Churchill College</a> houses the official papers of former British prime ministers <a href="/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill">Winston Churchill</a> and <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Thatcher" title="Margaret Thatcher">Margaret Thatcher</a>. The university operates eight arts, cultural, and scientific museums, and a <a href="/wiki/Botanical_garden" title="Botanical garden">botanical garden</a>.<a href="#cite_note-161">[158]</a> <a href="/wiki/Fitzwilliam_Museum" title="Fitzwilliam Museum">Fitzwilliam Museum</a> is the art and antiquities museum; <a href="/wiki/Kettle%27s_Yard" title="Kettle's Yard">Kettle's Yard</a> is the university's <a href="/wiki/Contemporary_art" title="Contemporary art">contemporary art</a> gallery; the <a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Archaeology_and_Anthropology,_University_of_Cambridge" title="Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology, University of Cambridge">Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology</a> houses the university's collections of local antiquities along with archaeological and <a href="/wiki/Ethnography" title="Ethnography">ethnographic</a> artefacts from around the world; <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Museum_of_Zoology" title="Cambridge University Museum of Zoology">Cambridge University Museum of Zoology</a> houses a wide range of <a href="/wiki/Zoology" title="Zoology">zoological</a> specimens from around the world and is known for its iconic <a href="/wiki/Finback_whale" class="mw-redirect" title="Finback whale">finback whale</a> skeleton that hangs outside the museum. Cambridge University Museum of Zoology also holds specimens collected by <a href="/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin">Charles Darwin</a>, an 1831 University of Cambridge alumnus. Other museums include the <a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Classical_Archaeology,_Cambridge" title="Museum of Classical Archaeology, Cambridge">Museum of Classical Archaeology</a>, <a href="/wiki/Whipple_Museum_of_the_History_of_Science" title="Whipple Museum of the History of Science">Whipple Museum of the History of Science</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sedgwick_Museum_of_Earth_Sciences" title="Sedgwick Museum of Earth Sciences">Sedgwick Museum of Earth Sciences</a>, the university's geology museum, which displays some of Darwin's geological specimens and equipment (Darwin had studied under Adam Sedgwick, and wrote "I a geologist" in a notebook in 1838), and <a href="/wiki/Scott_Polar_Research_Institute#The_Polar_Museum" title="Scott Polar Research Institute">Polar Museum</a>, part of the <a href="/wiki/Scott_Polar_Research_Institute" title="Scott Polar Research Institute">Scott Polar Research Institute</a>, which is dedicated to <a href="/wiki/Captain_Scott" class="mw-redirect" title="Captain Scott">Captain Scott</a> and his men and focuses on the exploration of the <a href="/wiki/Polar_regions_of_Earth" title="Polar regions of Earth">Polar Regions</a>. <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Botanic_Garden" title="Cambridge University Botanic Garden">Cambridge University Botanic Garden</a>, created in 1831, is the university's botanical garden. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Publishing_and_assessments">Publishing and assessments</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Cambridge&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Publishing and assessments">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a></div> The university's publishing arm, <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press_%26_Assessment" class="mw-redirect" title="Cambridge University Press & Assessment">Cambridge University Press & Assessment</a>, is the oldest printer and publisher in the world and the second largest <a href="/wiki/University_press" title="University press">university press</a> in the world.<a href="#cite_note-162">[159]</a><a href="#cite_note-163">[160]</a> It is also the largest department of the university by financial income, reporting income above £800 million.<a href="#cite_note-164">[161]</a> The university established its Local Examination Syndicate in 1858, now known as <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press_%26_Assessment" class="mw-redirect" title="Cambridge University Press & Assessment">Cambridge University Press & Assessment</a> after its merger with Cambridge University Press. It is the largest assessment agency in Europe. Cambridge University Press & Assessment plays a leading role in researching, developing, and delivering assessments around the world.<a href="#cite_note-165">[162]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Awards">Awards</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Cambridge&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Awards">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Awards_and_prizes_of_the_University_of_Cambridge" title="Awards and prizes of the University of Cambridge">Awards and prizes of the University of Cambridge</a></div> The University of Cambridge issues a number of prestigious awards and prizes annually to accomplished University of Cambridge faculty and students. It also issues some awards to those of varying global academic accomplishment regardless of whether their recipient is affiliated with the University of Cambridge. Some of these awards and prizes rank among the world's most estimable academic and intellectual accomplishments. Among the most prominent of them are: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adam_Smith_Prize" title="Adam Smith Prize">Adam Smith Prize</a>, awarded annually to the university's top-performing student in economics</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adams_Prize" title="Adams Prize">Adams Prize</a>, awarded annually by University of Cambridge mathematics faculty to a UK resident in recognition of distinguished research in mathematics</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Browne_Medal" title="Browne Medal">Browne Medal</a>, awarded annually to students who win the <a href="/wiki/Latin_poetry" title="Latin poetry">Latin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Greek_literature" title="Greek literature">Greek</a> poetry competition</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carus_Greek_Testament_Prizes" title="Carus Greek Testament Prizes">Carus Greek Testament Prizes</a>, a prize issued to winners of an annual competition of the university's undergraduate and graduate in <a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a> translation of <a href="/wiki/New_Testament" title="New Testament">New Testament</a> passeges</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chancellor%27s_Gold_Medal" title="Chancellor's Gold Medal">Chancellor's Gold Medal</a>, a prize issued to winners of the university's annual poetry competition</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porson_Prize" title="Porson Prize">Porson Prize</a>, a prize for students who develop the best Greek composition</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raymond_Horton-Smith_Prize" title="Raymond Horton-Smith Prize">Raymond Horton-Smith Prize</a>, awarded annually to the <a href="/wiki/School_of_Clinical_Medicine,_University_of_Cambridge" title="School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge">University of Cambridge Medical School</a> student for the best medical school thesis</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seatonian_Prize" title="Seatonian Prize">Seatonian Prize</a>, awarded annually for the best English language poem on a sacred subject</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senior_Wrangler" title="Senior Wrangler">Senior Wrangler</a>, awarded annually to the university's top performing student on the Part II of <a href="/wiki/Mathematical_Tripos" title="Mathematical Tripos">Mathematical Tripos</a><a href="#cite_note-Forfar_1996-29">[28]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thirlwall_Prize" title="Thirlwall Prize">Thirlwall Prize</a>, awarded every other year for the best essay about British literature or history</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Bond_Sprague_Prize" title="Thomas Bond Sprague Prize">Thomas Bond Sprague Prize</a>, awarded annually to the top performing <a href="/wiki/Part_III_of_the_Mathematical_Tripos" title="Part III of the Mathematical Tripos">Part III of the Mathematical Tripos</a> student in the areas of probability, statistics, finance and optimization.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyson_Medal" title="Tyson Medal">Tyson Medal</a>, awarded annually to the top <a href="/wiki/Astronomy" title="Astronomy">astronomy</a> student</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayhew_Prize" title="Mayhew Prize">Mayhew Prize</a>, awarded annually to the top performing <a href="/wiki/Part_III_of_the_Mathematical_Tripos" title="Part III of the Mathematical Tripos">Part III of the Mathematical Tripos</a> student in areas of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics (DAMTP)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Reputation_and_rankings">Reputation and rankings</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Cambridge&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Reputation and rankings">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title"><a href="/wiki/College_and_university_rankings" title="College and university rankings">Rankings</a></caption><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e0e0e0;"><a href="/wiki/Rankings_of_universities_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Rankings of universities in the United Kingdom">National rankings</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Rankings_of_universities_in_the_United_Kingdom#The_Complete_University_Guide" title="Rankings of universities in the United Kingdom">Complete</a> (2025)<a href="#cite_note-Complete_League_Table-166">[163]</a></th><td class="infobox-data">1</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Rankings_of_universities_in_the_United_Kingdom#The_Guardian" title="Rankings of universities in the United Kingdom">Guardian</a> (2025)<a href="#cite_note-The_Guardian_University_Guide-167">[164]</a></th><td class="infobox-data">3</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Rankings_of_universities_in_the_United_Kingdom#The_Times/The_Sunday_Times" title="Rankings of universities in the United Kingdom">Times / Sunday Times</a> (2025)<a href="#cite_note-The_Times_and_Sunday_Times_University_Guide-168">[165]</a></th><td class="infobox-data">4</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e0e0e0;">Global rankings</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Academic_Ranking_of_World_Universities" title="Academic Ranking of World Universities">ARWU</a> (2024)<a href="#cite_note-Academic_Ranking_of_World_Universities-169">[166]</a></th><td class="infobox-data">4</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/QS_World_University_Rankings" title="QS World University Rankings">QS</a> (2025)<a href="#cite_note-QS_World_University_Rankings-170">[167]</a></th><td class="infobox-data">5</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Times_Higher_Education_World_University_Rankings" title="Times Higher Education World University Rankings">THE</a> (2025)<a href="#cite_note-THE_World_University_Rankings-171">[168]</a></th><td class="infobox-data">5</td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cambridge_10_Years.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Cambridge_10_Years.png/260px-Cambridge_10_Years.png" decoding="async" width="260" height="218" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Cambridge_10_Years.png/390px-Cambridge_10_Years.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Cambridge_10_Years.png/520px-Cambridge_10_Years.png 2x" data-file-width="1240" data-file-height="1040" /></a><figcaption>University of Cambridge's <a href="/wiki/Rankings_of_universities_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Rankings of universities in the United Kingdom">national league table</a> performance over the past ten years</figcaption></figure> Owing to its age<a href="#cite_note-BhopalMyers-172">[169]</a><a href="#cite_note-173">[170]</a> and its social and academic status,<a href="#cite_note-Abbott-174">[171]</a><a href="#cite_note-Dent-175">[172]</a> the University of Cambridge is considered to be one of Britain's most prestigious or elite universities<a href="#cite_note-176">[173]</a><a href="#cite_note-177">[174]</a><a href="#cite_note-178">[175]</a> and to form, along with the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Oxford" title="University of Oxford">University of Oxford</a>, a top two that stand above other UK universities in this regard.<a href="#cite_note-BhopalMyers-172">[169]</a><a href="#cite_note-Abbott-174">[171]</a><a href="#cite_note-Dent-175">[172]</a><a href="#cite_note-179">[176]</a> The University of Cambridge is routinely ranked among the world's top five universities, and has sometimes been ranked as the world's best. As of 2024, the University of Cambridge is ranked the second-best university in the world behind the <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Institute_of_Technology" title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">MIT</a> and the best university in Europe by <a href="/wiki/QS_World_University_Rankings" title="QS World University Rankings">QS Rankings</a>.<a href="#cite_note-180">[177]</a> <a href="/wiki/Academic_Ranking_of_World_Universities" title="Academic Ranking of World Universities">ARWU</a> ranks Cambridge the fourth-best university in the world as of 2024 behind <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stanford_University" title="Stanford University">Stanford</a>, and MIT.<a href="#cite_note-181">[178]</a> <a href="/wiki/Times_Higher_Education" title="Times Higher Education">Times Higher Education</a> ranks Cambridge third-best in the world (tied with Stanford) in its 2023 rankings behind <a href="/wiki/University_of_Oxford" title="University of Oxford">Oxford</a> and Harvard.<a href="#cite_note-182">[179]</a> In April 2022, QS Rankings ranked Cambridge's programmes among the world's best. Cambridge's Arts and Humanities program is ranked second-best in the world. The University of Cambridge's Engineering and Technology program is ranked second-best in the world. Its Life Sciences and Medicine program is ranked fourth-best in the world. Its Natural Sciences program is ranked third-best in the world. Its Social Sciences and Management program is ranked fourth-best in the world.<a href="#cite_note-183">[180]</a> In 2011, <a href="/wiki/Times_Higher_Education" title="Times Higher Education">Times Higher Education</a> recognised the University of Cambridge as one of the world's six super brands in its "World Reputation Rankings" along with <a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Berkeley" title="University of California, Berkeley">Berkeley</a>, Harvard, MIT, Oxford, and Stanford.<a href="#cite_note-184">[181]</a> The University of Cambridge has been highly ranked by most <a href="/wiki/College_and_university_rankings" title="College and university rankings">international</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rankings_of_universities_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Rankings of universities in the United Kingdom">UK</a> league tables. It was ranked the best university in the world by QS World University Rankings in both their 2010–11 and 2011–12 rankings.<a href="#cite_note-QS2010-185">[182]</a><a href="#cite_note-QS2011-186">[183]</a> In 2006, a <a href="/wiki/Thomson_Scientific" title="Thomson Scientific">Thomson Scientific</a> study reported that the University of Cambridge had the highest research paper output of any British university and ranked first in research production as assessed by total paper citation count in ten of 21 major British research fields.<a href="#cite_note-187">[184]</a> An evidence-based study published the same year showed that the University of Cambridge won a larger proportion (6.6%) of total British research grants and contracts than any other university, ranking first in three out of four major measured discipline fields.<a href="#cite_note-188">[185]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Student_life">Student life</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Cambridge&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Student life">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Academic_dress_of_the_University_of_Cambridge" title="Academic dress of the University of Cambridge">Academic dress of the University of Cambridge</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_organisations_and_institutions_associated_with_the_University_of_Cambridge" title="List of organisations and institutions associated with the University of Cambridge">List of organisations and institutions associated with the University of Cambridge</a>, and <a href="/wiki/List_of_social_activities_at_the_University_of_Cambridge" title="List of social activities at the University of Cambridge">List of social activities at the University of Cambridge</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Formal_halls_and_May_balls">Formal halls and May balls</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Cambridge&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Formal halls and May balls">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Clare_Bridge,_May_Ball_2005.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Clare_Bridge%2C_May_Ball_2005.jpg/220px-Clare_Bridge%2C_May_Ball_2005.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Clare_Bridge%2C_May_Ball_2005.jpg/330px-Clare_Bridge%2C_May_Ball_2005.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Clare_Bridge%2C_May_Ball_2005.jpg/440px-Clare_Bridge%2C_May_Ball_2005.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>The bridge over the <a href="/wiki/River_Cam" title="River Cam">River Cam</a> at <a href="/wiki/Clare_College,_Cambridge" title="Clare College, Cambridge">Clare College</a> during the 2005 <a href="/wiki/May_Ball_in_Cambridge" title="May Ball in Cambridge">May Ball in Cambridge</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cmglee_Cambridge_University_Centre_dining_hall.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Cmglee_Cambridge_University_Centre_dining_hall.jpg/220px-Cmglee_Cambridge_University_Centre_dining_hall.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Cmglee_Cambridge_University_Centre_dining_hall.jpg/330px-Cmglee_Cambridge_University_Centre_dining_hall.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Cmglee_Cambridge_University_Centre_dining_hall.jpg/440px-Cmglee_Cambridge_University_Centre_dining_hall.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1080" /></a><figcaption>The University Centre main dining hall</figcaption></figure> One privilege of student life at the University of Cambridge is the opportunity to attend formal dinners at a student's respective college, known as <a href="/wiki/Formal_(university)" title="Formal (university)">Formal Hall</a> that are held regularly during academic terms and daily at some of the university's colleges. During Formal Hall, students typically sit down for a meal in their <a href="/wiki/Academic_gown" class="mw-redirect" title="Academic gown">gowns</a> while <a href="/wiki/Fellow" title="Fellow">fellows</a> and sometimes guests eat separately at a so-called High Table. The beginning and end of the function is usually marked with <a href="/wiki/Grace_(prayer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Grace (prayer)">grace</a>, which is said in <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a>. Special Formal Halls are organised for Christmas and the Commemoration of Benefactors.<a href="#cite_note-189">[186]</a> After the exam period, <a href="/wiki/May_Week" title="May Week">May Week</a> is held during which it is customary to celebrate by attending <a href="/wiki/May_Ball" class="mw-redirect" title="May Ball">May Balls</a>, which are all-night lavish parties held in the colleges where food, drinks, and entertainment are provided. So-called Suicide Sunday, the first day of May Week, is a popular date for <a href="/wiki/Garden_party" class="mw-redirect" title="Garden party">garden parties</a>.<a href="#cite_note-190">[187]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="JCR_and_MCR">JCR and MCR</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Cambridge&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: JCR and MCR">edit</a>]</div> In addition to university-wide representation, students can participate in their own college student unions, which are known as <a href="/wiki/Common_room_(university)" title="Common room (university)">Junior Combination Room</a> (JCR) for undergraduates and Middle Combination Room (MCR) for post-graduates. These serve as a link between college staff and members and include officers elected annually between the fellow students; individual JCR and MCRs also report to <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_Students%27_Union" title="Cambridge Students' Union">Cambridge Students' Union</a>, which offers training courses for some of the positions within the body.<a href="#cite_note-191">[188]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Societies">Societies</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Cambridge&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: Societies">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main page: <a href="/wiki/Category:Clubs_and_societies_of_the_University_of_Cambridge" title="Category:Clubs and societies of the University of Cambridge">Category:Clubs and societies of the University of Cambridge</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_Union" title="Cambridge Union">Cambridge Union</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Moral_Sciences_Club" title="Cambridge University Moral Sciences Club">Cambridge University Moral Sciences Club</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Stephen_Fry_at_the_Cambridge_Union.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Stephen_Fry_at_the_Cambridge_Union.jpg/220px-Stephen_Fry_at_the_Cambridge_Union.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Stephen_Fry_at_the_Cambridge_Union.jpg/330px-Stephen_Fry_at_the_Cambridge_Union.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Stephen_Fry_at_the_Cambridge_Union.jpg/440px-Stephen_Fry_at_the_Cambridge_Union.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1363" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Fry" title="Stephen Fry">Stephen Fry</a> at <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_Union" title="Cambridge Union">Cambridge Union</a>, the world's oldest continuing running debate society</figcaption></figure> Numerous student-run societies exist at the University of Cambridge designed to encourage students who share common passions or interests to periodically meet or discuss these interests. As of 2010<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=University_of_Cambridge&action=edit">[update]</a>, there were 751 registered societies at the university.<a href="#cite_note-192">[189]</a> In addition to these, individual colleges often promote their own societies and sports teams. Although technically independent from the university, <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_Union" title="Cambridge Union">Cambridge Union</a>, a globally-renowned debate organization and the oldest debate organization in the world, offers students high-level debate and public speaking experience. Drama societies include the <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Amateur_Dramatic_Club" title="Cambridge University Amateur Dramatic Club">Amateur Dramatic Club (ADC)</a> and the comedy club <a href="/wiki/Footlights" title="Footlights">Footlights</a>, whose alumni include many well-known show business personalities. The university's <a href="/wiki/Chamber_Orchestra" class="mw-redirect" title="Chamber Orchestra">Chamber Orchestra</a>, composed entirely of university students, offers a range of orchestra programs, including symphonies. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sports">Sports</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Cambridge&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: Sports">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main page: <a href="/wiki/Category:Sport_at_the_University_of_Cambridge" title="Category:Sport at the University of Cambridge">Category:Sport at the University of Cambridge</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Cricket_Club" title="Cambridge University Cricket Club">Cambridge University Cricket Club</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_Cambridge_University_Boat_Race_crews" title="List of Cambridge University Boat Race crews">List of Cambridge University Boat Race crews</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Polo_Club" title="Cambridge University Polo Club">Cambridge University Polo Club</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cambridge_boathouses_-_Goldie.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Cambridge_boathouses_-_Goldie.jpg/220px-Cambridge_boathouses_-_Goldie.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Cambridge_boathouses_-_Goldie.jpg/330px-Cambridge_boathouses_-_Goldie.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Cambridge_boathouses_-_Goldie.jpg/440px-Cambridge_boathouses_-_Goldie.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2526" data-file-height="1686" /></a><figcaption>The boathouse of the <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Boat_Club" title="Cambridge University Boat Club">Cambridge University Boat Club</a></figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Rowing_(sport)" title="Rowing (sport)">Rowing</a> is one of the most popular sports at the University of Cambridge, and there are competitions between colleges, notably the <a href="/wiki/Bumps_race" title="Bumps race">bumps races</a>. The University of Cambridge's rowing competition against <a href="/wiki/University_of_Oxford" title="University of Oxford">Oxford</a> is known as the <a href="/wiki/Boat_Race" class="mw-redirect" title="Boat Race">Boat Race</a>. <a href="/wiki/List_of_British_and_Irish_varsity_matches" title="List of British and Irish varsity matches">Varsity matches</a> against Oxford also exist in other sports, including <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Cricket_Club" title="Cambridge University Cricket Club">cricket</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_R.U.F.C." title="Cambridge University R.U.F.C.">rugby</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chess" title="Chess">chess</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Tiddlywinks" title="Tiddlywinks">tiddlywinks</a>. Athletes who representing the university in a varsity match are entitled to a <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_Blue" class="mw-redirect" title="Cambridge Blue">Blue</a> or a Half Blue, depending on the sport and other criteria.<a href="#cite_note-Hawks-2-193">[190]</a> The <a href="/wiki/University_of_Cambridge_Sports_Centre" title="University of Cambridge Sports Centre">University of Cambridge Sports Centre</a> opened in August 2013. Phase one included a sports hall, a fitness suite, a strength and conditioning room, a multi-purpose room, and <a href="/wiki/Eton_Fives" class="mw-redirect" title="Eton Fives">Eton</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rugby_fives" title="Rugby fives">Rugby fives</a> courts. Phase two of its development included five glass-backed <a href="/wiki/Squash_(sport)" title="Squash (sport)">squash</a> courts and a team training room. Future phases include indoor and outdoor tennis courts and a swimming pool.<a href="#cite_note-194">[191]</a> The university also has an <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_%26_Coleridge_Athletic_Club" title="Cambridge & Coleridge Athletic Club">athletic track</a> at <a href="/wiki/Wilberforce_Road" title="Wilberforce Road">Wilberforce Road</a>, an indoor <a href="/wiki/Cricket" title="Cricket">cricket</a> school, and <a href="/wiki/Fenner%27s" title="Fenner's">Fenner's</a>, the cricket ground for <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Cricket_Club" title="Cambridge University Cricket Club">Cambridge University Cricket Club</a>. The university has an ice hockey club called <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Ice_Hockey_Club" title="Cambridge University Ice Hockey Club">Cambridge University Ice Hockey Club</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Hawks%27_Club" title="Hawks' Club">Hawks' Club</a> is a private members' club for the university's leading sportsmen.<a href="#cite_note-Hawks-2-193">[190]</a> The Ospreys are the equivalent female club. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Student_newspapers_and_radio">Student newspapers and radio</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Cambridge&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: Student newspapers and radio">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Category:Publications_associated_with_the_University_of_Cambridge" title="Category:Publications associated with the University of Cambridge">Category:Publications associated with the University of Cambridge</a></div> Cambridge's oldest student newspaper is <a href="/wiki/Varsity_(Cambridge)" title="Varsity (Cambridge)">Varsity</a>. Established in 1947, notable figures who have edited the newspaper include <a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Paxman" title="Jeremy Paxman">Jeremy Paxman</a>, <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a> media editor <a href="/wiki/Amol_Rajan" title="Amol Rajan">Amol Rajan</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Vogue_(magazine)" title="Vogue (magazine)">Vogue</a> international editor <a href="/wiki/Suzy_Menkes" title="Suzy Menkes">Suzy Menkes</a>. The student newspaper also has featured the early writings of <a href="/wiki/Zadie_Smith" title="Zadie Smith">Zadie Smith</a>, who appeared in Varsity's literary anthology offshoot <a href="/wiki/The_Mays" title="The Mays">The Mays</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Webb" title="Robert Webb">Robert Webb</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tristram_Hunt" title="Tristram Hunt">Tristram Hunt</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Tony_Wilson" title="Tony Wilson">Tony Wilson</a>. Varsity has a circulation of 9,000 and is the only student publication published weekly. News stories from Varsity have appeared in <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Times" title="The Times">The Times</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Sunday_Times" title="The Sunday Times">The Sunday Times</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph" title="The Daily Telegraph">The Daily Telegraph</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Independent" title="The Independent">The Independent</a>, and <a href="/wiki/I_(newspaper)" title="I (newspaper)">i</a>. Other student publications include <a href="/wiki/The_Cambridge_Student" title="The Cambridge Student">The Cambridge Student</a>, which is funded by <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_Students%27_Union" title="Cambridge Students' Union">Cambridge Students' Union</a> and is published fortnightly, <a href="/wiki/The_Tab" title="The Tab">The Tab</a>, and <a href="/wiki/The_Mays" title="The Mays">The Mays</a> Founded by two University of Cambridge students in 2009, The Tab is an online media outlet featuring light-hearted features content. The Mays is a literary anthology including student prose, poetry, and visual art from both University of Cambridge and <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Oxford University">Oxford</a> students. Founded in 1992 by three Cambridge students, the anthology publishes once a year and is overseen by Varsity Publications Ltd., the same body responsible for Varsity. Another literary journal, Notes, is published roughly twice per term. Additionally, many colleges have their own student-run publications. The student radio station, <a href="/wiki/Cam_FM" title="Cam FM">Cam FM</a>, is run jointly by University of Cambridge and <a href="/wiki/Anglia_Ruskin_University" title="Anglia Ruskin University">Anglia Ruskin University</a> students. The station holds an <a href="/wiki/FM_broadcasting" title="FM broadcasting">FM</a> licence (frequency 97.2 MHz), and hosts a mixture of music, talk, and sports shows. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Student_Union">Student Union</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Cambridge&action=edit&section=44" title="Edit section: Student Union">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_Students%27_Union" title="Cambridge Students' Union">Cambridge Students' Union</a></div> All students at the University of Cambridge are represented by <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_Students%27_Union" title="Cambridge Students' Union">Cambridge Students' Union</a>, which was founded in 2020 as a merger of two student unions, <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Students%27_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Cambridge University Students' Union">Cambridge University Students' Union</a> (CUSU) and the Graduate Union (GU). CUSU previously represented all University students, and GU represented graduate students.<a href="#cite_note-195">[192]</a><a href="#cite_note-196">[193]</a> The eight most important positions in Cambridge Students' Union are occupied by <a href="/wiki/Sabbatical_officer" title="Sabbatical officer">sabbatical officers</a>.<a href="#cite_note-197">[194]</a> In 2020, the sabbatical officers were elected with a turnout of 20.88% of the whole student body.<a href="#cite_note-198">[195]</a> In 2021, Cambridge Students' Union launched a petition opposing the financial collaboration between the university and the government of <a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a> that was worth £400m. The Union cited a "values gap" and threat to "academic freedom and institutional autonomy" following the release of internal UAE documents. Citing UAE's history of violating international human rights laws, it warned that university staff were vulnerable under the partnership to repression by gender, sexuality, or freedom of expression.<a href="#cite_note-199">[196]</a> In 2023, 72% of the Students' Union voted in favour of hosting talks regarding the removal of all animal products from cafes and canteens operated by the university's catering services. The students backed <a href="/wiki/Veganism" title="Veganism">vegan</a> food in response to threats to the climate and biodiversity. The vote is non-binding since the university controls the catering service. The vote was supported by the student chapter of <a href="/wiki/Vegan_school_meal#Plant-Based_Universities_campaign" title="Vegan school meal">Plant-Based Universities</a>.<a href="#cite_note-200">[197]</a> After the vote, <a href="/wiki/Darwin_College,_Cambridge" title="Darwin College, Cambridge">Darwin College</a> decided to serve only vegan food at its <a href="/wiki/May_Ball_in_Cambridge" title="May Ball in Cambridge">May Ball</a> in 2023.<a href="#cite_note-201">[198]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Politics">Politics</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Cambridge&action=edit&section=45" title="Edit section: Politics">edit</a>]</div> A protest in <a href="/wiki/Cambridge" title="Cambridge">Cambridge</a> with an attendance of over a thousand students and residents – the city's largest demonstration – called on the University of Cambridge to <a href="/wiki/Divestment" title="Divestment">divest</a> from Israel over Israel's actions in the <a href="/wiki/Gaza_Strip" title="Gaza Strip">Gaza Strip</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" title="Israel–Hamas war">Israel–Hamas war</a>.<a href="#cite_note-varoctlarge-202">[199]</a><a href="#cite_note-203">[200]</a> Students and staff also walked out of lectures in protest over the same issues.<a href="#cite_note-204">[201]</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_University_of_Cambridge_people" title="List of University of Cambridge people">Students and staff</a> at the University of Cambridge wrote an open letter to the university, with more than 1,400 signatories, demanding it acknowledge the "slaughter of innocent Palestinians", "sever financial ties with Israel" as it had with Russia following the <a href="/wiki/Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Russian invasion of Ukraine">invasion of Ukraine</a>, and demanding it investigate its financial ties with <a href="/wiki/Arms_industry" title="Arms industry">arms manufacturers</a> that potentially supplied to Israel, mentioning, among others, <a href="/wiki/Plasan" title="Plasan">Plasan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Caterpillar_Inc." title="Caterpillar Inc.">Caterpillar</a>.<a href="#cite_note-varoctlarge-202">[199]</a><a href="#cite_note-varNov-205">[202]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_alumni_and_academics">Notable alumni and academics</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Cambridge&action=edit&section=46" title="Edit section: Notable alumni and academics">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Summarize plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/40px-Edit-clear.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/60px-Edit-clear.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/80px-Edit-clear.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section should include only a brief summary of <a href="/wiki/List_of_University_of_Cambridge_people" title="List of University of Cambridge people">List of University of Cambridge people</a>. See <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Summary_style" title="Wikipedia:Summary style">Wikipedia:Summary style</a> for information on how to properly incorporate it into this article's main text.</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Example_farm plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/60px-Ambox_important.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/80px-Ambox_important.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="40" /></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section may contain <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Lists#List_size" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Lists">excessive</a> or <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Neutral_point_of_view#Due_and_undue_weight" title="Wikipedia:Neutral point of view">irrelevant</a> examples. Please help <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=University_of_Cambridge&action=edit">improve the article</a> by adding descriptive text and removing <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Example_cruft" title="Wikipedia:Example cruft">less pertinent examples</a>. (October 2024)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_University_of_Cambridge_people" title="List of University of Cambridge people">List of University of Cambridge people</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Nobel_laureates_by_university_affiliation" title="List of Nobel laureates by university affiliation">List of Nobel laureates by university affiliation</a> and <a href="/wiki/Alumni_Cantabrigienses" title="Alumni Cantabrigienses">Alumni Cantabrigienses</a></div> The University of Cambridge has produced many distinguished alumni in various fields. As of 2020,<a href="#cite_note-206">[203]</a><a href="#cite_note-207">[204]</a> 70 alumni have won Nobel Prizes. As of 2019, Cambridge alumni, faculty members, and researchers have won 11 <a href="/wiki/Fields_Medal" title="Fields Medal">Fields Medals</a> and seven <a href="/wiki/Turing_Award" title="Turing Award">Turing Awards</a>. Highly notable University of Cambridge alumni by specialty include: <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Education">Education</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Cambridge&action=edit&section=47" title="Edit section: Education">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Faculty_of_Education,_University_of_Cambridge" title="Faculty of Education, University of Cambridge">Faculty of Education, University of Cambridge</a></div> Notable alumni in academia include the founders and early professors of <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard University</a>, including <a href="/wiki/John_Harvard_(clergyman)" title="John Harvard (clergyman)">John Harvard</a> himself; <a href="/wiki/Emily_Davies" title="Emily Davies">Emily Davies</a>, founder of <a href="/wiki/Girton_College,_Cambridge" title="Girton College, Cambridge">Girton College</a> at Cambridge, the first residential higher education institution for women, and <a href="/wiki/John_Haden_Badley" title="John Haden Badley">John Haden Badley</a>, founder of the first mixed-sex <a href="/wiki/Public_school_(United_Kingdom)" title="Public school (United Kingdom)">public school</a> (i.e. private) in England; <a href="/wiki/Anil_Kumar_Gain" title="Anil Kumar Gain">Anil Kumar Gain</a>, 20th century mathematician and founder of the <a href="/wiki/Vidyasagar_University" title="Vidyasagar University">Vidyasagar University</a> in <a href="/wiki/Bengal" title="Bengal">Bengal</a>, <a href="/wiki/S._Venkataramadas_Nayudu" title="S. Venkataramadas Nayudu">Siram Govindarajulu Naidu</a>, founder and vice chancellor of <a href="/wiki/Sri_Venkateswara_University" title="Sri Venkateswara University">Sri Venkateswara University</a>; and <a href="/wiki/Menachem_Ben-Sasson" title="Menachem Ben-Sasson">Menachem Ben-Sasson</a>, president of <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_University_of_Jerusalem" title="Hebrew University of Jerusalem">Hebrew University of Jerusalem</a> in Israel. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Humanities,_music,_and_art">Humanities, music, and art</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Cambridge&action=edit&section=48" title="Edit section: Humanities, music, and art">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Thomas_Cranmer_by_Gerlach_Flicke.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Thomas_Cranmer_by_Gerlach_Flicke.jpg/220px-Thomas_Cranmer_by_Gerlach_Flicke.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="287" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Thomas_Cranmer_by_Gerlach_Flicke.jpg/330px-Thomas_Cranmer_by_Gerlach_Flicke.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Thomas_Cranmer_by_Gerlach_Flicke.jpg/440px-Thomas_Cranmer_by_Gerlach_Flicke.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="3129" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Cranmer" title="Thomas Cranmer">Thomas Cranmer</a>, who led the <a href="/wiki/English_Reformation" title="English Reformation">English Reformation</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Allama_Iqbal.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Allama_Iqbal.jpg/220px-Allama_Iqbal.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="315" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Allama_Iqbal.jpg/330px-Allama_Iqbal.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Allama_Iqbal.jpg/440px-Allama_Iqbal.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1491" data-file-height="2136" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Iqbal" title="Muhammad Iqbal">Muhammad Iqbal</a>, philosopher and poet</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ludwig_Wittgenstein.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Ludwig_Wittgenstein.jpg/220px-Ludwig_Wittgenstein.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="322" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Ludwig_Wittgenstein.jpg/330px-Ludwig_Wittgenstein.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Ludwig_Wittgenstein.jpg/440px-Ludwig_Wittgenstein.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4984" data-file-height="7286" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Ludwig_Wittgenstein" title="Ludwig Wittgenstein">Ludwig Wittgenstein</a>, philosopher</figcaption></figure> In the humanities, Greek studies were inaugurated at the University of Cambridge in the early sixteenth century by <a href="/wiki/Desiderius_Erasmus" class="mw-redirect" title="Desiderius Erasmus">Desiderius Erasmus</a>; contributions to the field were made by <a href="/wiki/Richard_Bentley" title="Richard Bentley">Richard Bentley</a> and <a href="/wiki/Richard_Porson" title="Richard Porson">Richard Porson</a>. <a href="/wiki/John_Chadwick" title="John Chadwick">John Chadwick</a> was associated with <a href="/wiki/Michael_Ventris" title="Michael Ventris">Michael Ventris</a> in the decipherment of <a href="/wiki/Linear_B" title="Linear B">Linear B</a>. The Latinist <a href="/wiki/A._E._Housman" title="A. E. Housman">A. E. Housman</a> taught at the university but is more widely known for his contributions as a poet. <a href="/wiki/Simon_Ockley" title="Simon Ockley">Simon Ockley</a> made a significant contribution to <a href="/wiki/Arabist" title="Arabist">Arabic Studies</a>. University of Cambridge academics include economists such as <a href="/wiki/John_Maynard_Keynes" title="John Maynard Keynes">John Maynard Keynes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Malthus" class="mw-redirect" title="Thomas Malthus">Thomas Malthus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Marshall" title="Alfred Marshall">Alfred Marshall</a>, <a href="/wiki/Milton_Friedman" title="Milton Friedman">Milton Friedman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joan_Robinson" title="Joan Robinson">Joan Robinson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Piero_Sraffa" title="Piero Sraffa">Piero Sraffa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ha-Joon_Chang" title="Ha-Joon Chang">Ha-Joon Chang</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Amartya_Sen" title="Amartya Sen">Amartya Sen</a>. Notable philosophers include <a href="/wiki/Francis_Bacon" title="Francis Bacon">Francis Bacon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bertrand_Russell" title="Bertrand Russell">Bertrand Russell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ludwig_Wittgenstein" title="Ludwig Wittgenstein">Ludwig Wittgenstein</a>, <a href="/wiki/Leo_Strauss" title="Leo Strauss">Leo Strauss</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Santayana" title="George Santayana">George Santayana</a>, <a href="/wiki/G._E._M._Anscombe" title="G. E. M. Anscombe">G. E. M. Anscombe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Karl_Popper" title="Karl Popper">Karl Popper</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Williams" title="Bernard Williams">Bernard Williams</a>, <a href="/wiki/Allama_Muhammad_Iqbal" class="mw-redirect" title="Allama Muhammad Iqbal">Allama Muhammad Iqbal</a>, and <a href="/wiki/G._E._Moore" title="G. E. Moore">G. E. Moore</a>. Notable alumni historians include <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Babington_Macaulay,_1st_Baron_Macaulay" class="mw-redirect" title="Thomas Babington Macaulay, 1st Baron Macaulay">Thomas Babington Macaulay</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frederic_William_Maitland" title="Frederic William Maitland">Frederic William Maitland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lord_Acton" class="mw-redirect" title="Lord Acton">Lord Acton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Needham" title="Joseph Needham">Joseph Needham</a>, <a href="/wiki/E._H._Carr" title="E. H. Carr">E. H. Carr</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hugh_Trevor-Roper" title="Hugh Trevor-Roper">Hugh Trevor-Roper</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rhoda_Dorsey" title="Rhoda Dorsey">Rhoda Dorsey</a>, <a href="/wiki/E._P._Thompson" title="E. P. Thompson">E. P. Thompson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eric_Hobsbawm" title="Eric Hobsbawm">Eric Hobsbawm</a>, <a href="/wiki/Quentin_Skinner" title="Quentin Skinner">Quentin Skinner</a>, <a href="/wiki/Niall_Ferguson" title="Niall Ferguson">Niall Ferguson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arthur_M._Schlesinger,_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Arthur M. Schlesinger, Jr.">Arthur M. Schlesinger, Jr.</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Karl_Schweizer" title="Karl Schweizer">Karl Schweizer</a>. Notable alumni in religion include <a href="/wiki/Rowan_Williams" title="Rowan Williams">Rowan Williams</a>, the former <a href="/wiki/Archbishop_of_Canterbury" title="Archbishop of Canterbury">Archbishop of Canterbury</a> and his predecessors; <a href="/wiki/William_Tyndale" title="William Tyndale">William Tyndale</a>, the biblical translator; <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Cranmer" title="Thomas Cranmer">Thomas Cranmer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hugh_Latimer" title="Hugh Latimer">Hugh Latimer</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Ridley_(martyr)" title="Nicholas Ridley (martyr)">Nicholas Ridley</a>, known as the Oxford martyrs from the place of their execution; <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Whichcote" title="Benjamin Whichcote">Benjamin Whichcote</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_Platonists" title="Cambridge Platonists">Cambridge Platonists</a>; <a href="/wiki/William_Paley" title="William Paley">William Paley</a>, the Christian philosopher known primarily for formulating the <a href="/wiki/Teleological_argument" title="Teleological argument">teleological argument</a> for the existence of God; <a href="/wiki/William_Wilberforce" title="William Wilberforce">William Wilberforce</a> and <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Clarkson" title="Thomas Clarkson">Thomas Clarkson</a>, largely responsible for the <a href="/wiki/Abolitionism_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Abolitionism in the United Kingdom">abolition</a> of the <a href="/wiki/History_of_slavery" title="History of slavery">slave trade</a>; Evangelical churchman <a href="/wiki/Charles_Simeon" title="Charles Simeon">Charles Simeon</a>; <a href="/wiki/John_William_Colenso" class="mw-redirect" title="John William Colenso">John William Colenso</a>, the bishop of Natal who interpreted Scripture and its relations with native peoples that seemed dangerously radical at the time; <a href="/wiki/John_Bainbridge_Webster" class="mw-redirect" title="John Bainbridge Webster">John Bainbridge Webster</a> and <a href="/wiki/David_F._Ford" title="David F. Ford">David F. Ford</a>, theologians; and six winners of the <a href="/wiki/Templeton_Prize" title="Templeton Prize">Templeton Prize</a>, the highest accolade in the world associated with the study of religion. Notable University of Cambridge alumni in the field of musical composition include <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Vaughan_Williams" title="Ralph Vaughan Williams">Ralph Vaughan Williams</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charles_Villiers_Stanford" title="Charles Villiers Stanford">Charles Villiers Stanford</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Sterndale_Bennett" title="William Sterndale Bennett">William Sterndale Bennett</a>, <a href="/wiki/Orlando_Gibbons" title="Orlando Gibbons">Orlando Gibbons</a> and, more recently, <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Goehr" title="Alexander Goehr">Alexander Goehr</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Ad%C3%A8s" title="Thomas Adès">Thomas Adès</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Rutter" title="John Rutter">John Rutter</a>, <a href="/wiki/Julian_Anderson" title="Julian Anderson">Julian Anderson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Judith_Weir" title="Judith Weir">Judith Weir</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Maury_Yeston" title="Maury Yeston">Maury Yeston</a>. The university has also produced world-renowned instrumentalists and conductors, including <a href="/wiki/Colin_Davis" title="Colin Davis">Colin Davis</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Eliot_Gardiner" title="John Eliot Gardiner">John Eliot Gardiner</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roger_Norrington" title="Roger Norrington">Roger Norrington</a>, <a href="/wiki/Trevor_Pinnock" title="Trevor Pinnock">Trevor Pinnock</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Manze" title="Andrew Manze">Andrew Manze</a>, <a href="/wiki/Richard_Egarr" title="Richard Egarr">Richard Egarr</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mark_Elder" title="Mark Elder">Mark Elder</a>, <a href="/wiki/Richard_Hickox" title="Richard Hickox">Richard Hickox</a>, <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Hogwood" title="Christopher Hogwood">Christopher Hogwood</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Marriner" title="Andrew Marriner">Andrew Marriner</a>, <a href="/wiki/David_Munrow" title="David Munrow">David Munrow</a>, <a href="/wiki/Simon_Standage" title="Simon Standage">Simon Standage</a>, <a href="/wiki/Endellion_Quartet" title="Endellion Quartet">Endellion Quartet</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Fitzwilliam_Quartet" title="Fitzwilliam Quartet">Fitzwilliam Quartet</a>. Although the university in music predominantly for its contributions to <a href="/wiki/Choral_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Choral music">choral music</a>, university alumni in popular music include members of contemporary bands such as <a href="/wiki/Radiohead" title="Radiohead">Radiohead</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hot_Chip" title="Hot Chip">Hot Chip</a>, <a href="/wiki/Procol_Harum" title="Procol Harum">Procol Harum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Clean_Bandit" title="Clean Bandit">Clean Bandit</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sports_Team" title="Sports Team">Sports Team</a> songwriter and entertainer <a href="/wiki/Jonathan_King" title="Jonathan King">Jonathan King</a>, <a href="/wiki/Henry_Cow" title="Henry Cow">Henry Cow</a>, and the singer-songwriter <a href="/wiki/Nick_Drake" title="Nick Drake">Nick Drake</a>. Artists <a href="/wiki/Quentin_Blake" title="Quentin Blake">Quentin Blake</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roger_Fry" title="Roger Fry">Roger Fry</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rose_Ferraby" title="Rose Ferraby">Rose Ferraby</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Julian_Trevelyan" title="Julian Trevelyan">Julian Trevelyan</a>, sculptors <a href="/wiki/Antony_Gormley" title="Antony Gormley">Antony Gormley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marc_Quinn" title="Marc Quinn">Marc Quinn</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Caro" title="Anthony Caro">Anthony Caro</a>, and photographers <a href="/wiki/Antony_Armstrong-Jones" class="mw-redirect" title="Antony Armstrong-Jones">Antony Armstrong-Jones</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cecil_Beaton" title="Cecil Beaton">Cecil Beaton</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Mick_Rock" title="Mick Rock">Mick Rock</a> are each University of Cambridge alumni. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Literature">Literature</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Cambridge&action=edit&section=49" title="Edit section: Literature">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Byron_1813_by_Phillips.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Byron_1813_by_Phillips.jpg/220px-Byron_1813_by_Phillips.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="283" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Byron_1813_by_Phillips.jpg/330px-Byron_1813_by_Phillips.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Byron_1813_by_Phillips.jpg/440px-Byron_1813_by_Phillips.jpg 2x" data-file-width="733" data-file-height="944" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Lord_Byron" title="Lord Byron">Lord Byron</a>, English poet</figcaption></figure> Writers to have studied at the university include the Elizabethan dramatist <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Marlowe" title="Christopher Marlowe">Christopher Marlowe</a>, his fellow <a href="/wiki/University_Wits" title="University Wits">University Wits</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Nashe" title="Thomas Nashe">Thomas Nashe</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Robert_Greene_(dramatist)" title="Robert Greene (dramatist)">Robert Greene</a>, arguably the first professional authors in England, and <a href="/wiki/John_Fletcher_(playwright)" title="John Fletcher (playwright)">John Fletcher</a> who collaborated with <a href="/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare">Shakespeare</a> on <a href="/wiki/The_Two_Noble_Kinsmen" title="The Two Noble Kinsmen">The Two Noble Kinsmen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Henry_VIII_(play)" title="Henry VIII (play)">Henry VIII</a>, and the lost <a href="/wiki/Cardenio" class="mw-redirect" title="Cardenio">Cardenio</a> and succeeded him as house playwright for <a href="/wiki/King%27s_Men_(playing_company)" title="King's Men (playing company)">The King's Men</a>. <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Pepys" title="Samuel Pepys">Samuel Pepys</a> matriculated in 1650, known for his <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Pepys#The_diary" title="Samuel Pepys">diary</a>, the original manuscripts of which are now housed in the <a href="/wiki/Pepys_Library" title="Pepys Library">Pepys Library</a> at Magdalene College. <a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Sterne" class="mw-redirect" title="Lawrence Sterne">Lawrence Sterne</a>, whose novel <a href="/wiki/Tristram_Shandy" class="mw-redirect" title="Tristram Shandy">Tristram Shandy</a> is judged to have inspired many modern narrative devices and styles. In the following century, the novelists <a href="/wiki/W._M._Thackeray" class="mw-redirect" title="W. M. Thackeray">W. M. Thackeray</a>, author of <a href="/wiki/Vanity_Fair_(novel)" title="Vanity Fair (novel)">Vanity Fair</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charles_Kingsley" title="Charles Kingsley">Charles Kingsley</a>, author of <a href="/wiki/Westward_Ho!" title="Westward Ho!">Westward Ho!</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_Water-Babies,_A_Fairy_Tale_for_a_Land_Baby" class="mw-redirect" title="The Water-Babies, A Fairy Tale for a Land Baby">Water Babies</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Butler_(novelist)" title="Samuel Butler (novelist)">Samuel Butler</a>, remembered for <a href="/wiki/The_Way_of_All_Flesh" title="The Way of All Flesh">The Way of All Flesh</a> and <a href="/wiki/Erewhon" title="Erewhon">Erewhon</a>, are all University of Cambridge alumni. Ghost story writer <a href="/wiki/M._R._James" title="M. R. James">M. R. James</a> served as provost of King's College from 1905 to 1918. Novelist <a href="/wiki/Amy_Levy" title="Amy Levy">Amy Levy</a> was the first Jewish woman to attend the university. Modernist writers to have attended the university include <a href="/wiki/E._M._Forster" title="E. M. Forster">E. M. Forster</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rosamond_Lehmann" title="Rosamond Lehmann">Rosamond Lehmann</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Nabokov" title="Vladimir Nabokov">Vladimir Nabokov</a>, <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Isherwood" title="Christopher Isherwood">Christopher Isherwood</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Malcolm_Lowry" title="Malcolm Lowry">Malcolm Lowry</a>. Playwright <a href="/wiki/J._B._Priestley" title="J. B. Priestley">J. B. Priestley</a>, physicist and novelist <a href="/wiki/C._P._Snow" title="C. P. Snow">C. P. Snow</a>, and children's writer <a href="/wiki/A._A._Milne" title="A. A. Milne">A. A. Milne</a> are each early 20th century alumni of the university. They were followed by postmodernists <a href="/wiki/Patrick_White" title="Patrick White">Patrick White</a>, <a href="/wiki/J._G._Ballard" title="J. G. Ballard">J. G. Ballard</a>, and early postcolonial writer <a href="/wiki/E._R._Braithwaite" title="E. R. Braithwaite">E. R. Braithwaite</a>. More recently, alumni include comedy writers <a href="/wiki/Douglas_Adams" title="Douglas Adams">Douglas Adams</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tom_Sharpe" title="Tom Sharpe">Tom Sharpe</a> and <a href="/wiki/Howard_Jacobson" title="Howard Jacobson">Howard Jacobson</a>, the popular novelists <a href="/wiki/A._S._Byatt" title="A. S. Byatt">A. S. Byatt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Salman_Rushdie" title="Salman Rushdie">Salman Rushdie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nick_Hornby" title="Nick Hornby">Nick Hornby</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zadie_Smith" title="Zadie Smith">Zadie Smith</a>, <a href="/wiki/Louise_Dean_(author)" title="Louise Dean (author)">Louise Dean</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Harris_(novelist)" title="Robert Harris (novelist)">Robert Harris</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Sebastian_Faulks" title="Sebastian Faulks">Sebastian Faulks</a>, action writers <a href="/wiki/Michael_Crichton" title="Michael Crichton">Michael Crichton</a>, <a href="/wiki/David_Gibbins" title="David Gibbins">David Gibbins</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Jin_Yong" title="Jin Yong">Jin Yong</a>, and contemporary playwrights and screenwriters, including <a href="/wiki/Julian_Fellowes" title="Julian Fellowes">Julian Fellowes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Poliakoff" title="Stephen Poliakoff">Stephen Poliakoff</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michael_Frayn" title="Michael Frayn">Michael Frayn</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Peter_Shaffer" title="Peter Shaffer">Peter Shaffer</a>, as well as musical theatre writers <a href="/wiki/Toby_Marlow" title="Toby Marlow">Toby Marlow</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lucy_Moss" title="Lucy Moss">Lucy Moss</a>. Within poetry, University of Cambridge alumni include the poets <a href="/wiki/Edmund_Spenser" title="Edmund Spenser">Edmund Spenser</a>, author of <a href="/wiki/The_Faerie_Queene" title="The Faerie Queene">The Faerie Queene</a>, metaphysical poets <a href="/wiki/John_Donne" title="John Donne">John Donne</a>, who wrote <a href="/wiki/For_Whom_the_Bell_Tolls_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="For Whom the Bell Tolls (disambiguation)">For Whom the Bell Tolls</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Herbert" title="George Herbert">George Herbert</a> and <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Marvell" title="Andrew Marvell">Andrew Marvell</a>, and <a href="/wiki/John_Milton" title="John Milton">John Milton</a>, who is renowned for <a href="/wiki/Paradise_Lost" title="Paradise Lost">Paradise Lost</a>, Restoration poet and playwright <a href="/wiki/John_Dryden" title="John Dryden">John Dryden</a>, pre-romantic poet <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Gray" title="Thomas Gray">Thomas Gray</a> best known his <a href="/wiki/Elegy_Written_in_a_Country_Churchyard" title="Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard">Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Wordsworth" title="William Wordsworth">William Wordsworth</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Taylor_Coleridge" title="Samuel Taylor Coleridge">Samuel Taylor Coleridge</a>, whose joint work <a href="/wiki/Lyrical_Ballads" title="Lyrical Ballads">Lyrical Ballads</a> is often cited as marking the beginning of the <a href="/wiki/Romantic_poetry" title="Romantic poetry">Romantic movement</a>, later Romantics including <a href="/wiki/Lord_Byron" title="Lord Byron">Lord Byron</a> and the post-romantic <a href="/wiki/Alfred,_Lord_Tennyson" title="Alfred, Lord Tennyson">Lord Tennyson</a>, authors of the best known <a href="/wiki/Carpe_diem" title="Carpe diem">carpe diem</a> poems, including <a href="/wiki/Robert_Herrick_(poet)" title="Robert Herrick (poet)">Robert Herrick</a> known for "<a href="/wiki/To_the_Virgins,_to_Make_Much_of_Time" title="To the Virgins, to Make Much of Time">To the Virgins, to Make Much of Time</a>" with the first line "Gather ye rosebuds while ye may", and <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Marvell" title="Andrew Marvell">Andrew Marvell</a>, who authored "<a href="/wiki/To_His_Coy_Mistress" title="To His Coy Mistress">To His Coy Mistress</a>", classical scholar and lyric poet <a href="/wiki/A._E._Housman" title="A. E. Housman">A. E. Housman</a>, war poets <a href="/wiki/Siegfried_Sassoon" title="Siegfried Sassoon">Siegfried Sassoon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rupert_Brooke" title="Rupert Brooke">Rupert Brooke</a>, modernist <a href="/wiki/T._E._Hulme" title="T. E. Hulme">T. E. Hulme</a>, confessional poets <a href="/wiki/Ted_Hughes" title="Ted Hughes">Ted Hughes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sylvia_Plath" title="Sylvia Plath">Sylvia Plath</a>, and <a href="/wiki/John_Berryman" title="John Berryman">John Berryman</a>, and, more recently, <a href="/wiki/Cecil_Day-Lewis" title="Cecil Day-Lewis">Cecil Day-Lewis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Brodsky" title="Joseph Brodsky">Joseph Brodsky</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kathleen_Raine" title="Kathleen Raine">Kathleen Raine</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Hill" title="Geoffrey Hill">Geoffrey Hill</a>. At least nine <a href="/wiki/Poet_Laureate_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Poet Laureate of the United Kingdom">Poets Laureate</a> graduated from the University of Cambridge. University alumni have also made notable contributions to literary criticism, having produced, among others, <a href="/wiki/F._R._Leavis" title="F. R. Leavis">F. R. Leavis</a>, <a href="/wiki/I._A._Richards" title="I. A. Richards">I. A. Richards</a>, <a href="/wiki/C._K._Ogden" class="mw-redirect" title="C. K. Ogden">C. K. Ogden</a>, and <a href="/wiki/William_Empson" title="William Empson">William Empson</a>, often collectively known as the <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_Critics" class="mw-redirect" title="Cambridge Critics">Cambridge Critics</a>, the Marxists <a href="/wiki/Raymond_Williams" title="Raymond Williams">Raymond Williams</a>, sometimes regarded as the founding father of <a href="/wiki/Cultural_studies" title="Cultural studies">cultural studies</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Terry_Eagleton" title="Terry Eagleton">Terry Eagleton</a>, author of Literary Theory: An Introduction, the most successful academic book ever published, the aesthetician <a href="/wiki/Harold_Bloom" title="Harold Bloom">Harold Bloom</a>, new historicist <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Greenblatt" title="Stephen Greenblatt">Stephen Greenblatt</a>, and biographical writers including <a href="/wiki/Lytton_Strachey" title="Lytton Strachey">Lytton Strachey</a>, a central figure in the <a href="/wiki/Bloomsbury_Group" title="Bloomsbury Group">Bloomsbury Group</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peter_Ackroyd" title="Peter Ackroyd">Peter Ackroyd</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Claire_Tomalin" title="Claire Tomalin">Claire Tomalin</a>. Actors and directors who attended the University of Cambridge include <a href="/wiki/Ian_McKellen" title="Ian McKellen">Ian McKellen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eleanor_Bron" title="Eleanor Bron">Eleanor Bron</a>, <a href="/wiki/Miriam_Margolyes" title="Miriam Margolyes">Miriam Margolyes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Derek_Jacobi" title="Derek Jacobi">Derek Jacobi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michael_Redgrave" title="Michael Redgrave">Michael Redgrave</a>, <a href="/wiki/James_Mason" title="James Mason">James Mason</a>, <a href="/wiki/Emma_Thompson" title="Emma Thompson">Emma Thompson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Fry" title="Stephen Fry">Stephen Fry</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hugh_Laurie" title="Hugh Laurie">Hugh Laurie</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Cleese" title="John Cleese">John Cleese</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Oliver" title="John Oliver">John Oliver</a>, <a href="/wiki/Freddie_Highmore" title="Freddie Highmore">Freddie Highmore</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eric_Idle" title="Eric Idle">Eric Idle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Graham_Chapman" title="Graham Chapman">Graham Chapman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Graeme_Garden" title="Graeme Garden">Graeme Garden</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tim_Brooke-Taylor" title="Tim Brooke-Taylor">Tim Brooke-Taylor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bill_Oddie" title="Bill Oddie">Bill Oddie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Simon_Russell_Beale" title="Simon Russell Beale">Simon Russell Beale</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tilda_Swinton" title="Tilda Swinton">Tilda Swinton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thandie_Newton" class="mw-redirect" title="Thandie Newton">Thandie Newton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Georgie_Henley" title="Georgie Henley">Georgie Henley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rachel_Weisz" title="Rachel Weisz">Rachel Weisz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sacha_Baron_Cohen" title="Sacha Baron Cohen">Sacha Baron Cohen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tom_Hiddleston" title="Tom Hiddleston">Tom Hiddleston</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sara_Mohr-Pietsch" title="Sara Mohr-Pietsch">Sara Mohr-Pietsch</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eddie_Redmayne" title="Eddie Redmayne">Eddie Redmayne</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dan_Stevens" title="Dan Stevens">Dan Stevens</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jamie_Bamber" title="Jamie Bamber">Jamie Bamber</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lily_Cole" title="Lily Cole">Lily Cole</a>, <a href="/wiki/David_Mitchell_(comedian)" title="David Mitchell (comedian)">David Mitchell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Webb" title="Robert Webb">Robert Webb</a>, <a href="/wiki/Richard_Ayoade" title="Richard Ayoade">Richard Ayoade</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mel_Giedroyc" title="Mel Giedroyc">Mel Giedroyc</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Sue_Perkins" title="Sue Perkins">Sue Perkins</a>. Directors <a href="/wiki/Mike_Newell_(director)" title="Mike Newell (director)">Mike Newell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Icke" title="Robert Icke">Robert Icke</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sam_Mendes" title="Sam Mendes">Sam Mendes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Simon_McBurney" title="Simon McBurney">Simon McBurney</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peter_Hall_(director)" title="Peter Hall (director)">Peter Hall</a>, <a href="/wiki/Trevor_Nunn" title="Trevor Nunn">Trevor Nunn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Frears" title="Stephen Frears">Stephen Frears</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paul_Greengrass" title="Paul Greengrass">Paul Greengrass</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chris_Weitz" title="Chris Weitz">Chris Weitz</a>, and <a href="/wiki/John_Madden_(director)" title="John Madden (director)">John Madden</a> each are alumni of the university. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mathematics_and_sciences">Mathematics and sciences</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Cambridge&action=edit&section=50" title="Edit section: Mathematics and sciences">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Charles_Darwin_1877_(cropped).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Charles_Darwin_1877_%28cropped%29.png/220px-Charles_Darwin_1877_%28cropped%29.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="270" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Charles_Darwin_1877_%28cropped%29.png/330px-Charles_Darwin_1877_%28cropped%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Charles_Darwin_1877_%28cropped%29.png/440px-Charles_Darwin_1877_%28cropped%29.png 2x" data-file-width="790" data-file-height="968" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin">Charles Darwin</a>, evolutionary biologist</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Stephen_Hawking.StarChild.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Stephen_Hawking.StarChild.jpg/220px-Stephen_Hawking.StarChild.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="316" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/eb/Stephen_Hawking.StarChild.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="359" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Hawking" title="Stephen Hawking">Stephen Hawking</a>, theoretical physicist and cosmologist</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Isaac_Newton,_English_School,_1715-20.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Isaac_Newton%2C_English_School%2C_1715-20.jpg/220px-Isaac_Newton%2C_English_School%2C_1715-20.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="267" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Isaac_Newton%2C_English_School%2C_1715-20.jpg/330px-Isaac_Newton%2C_English_School%2C_1715-20.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Isaac_Newton%2C_English_School%2C_1715-20.jpg/440px-Isaac_Newton%2C_English_School%2C_1715-20.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2160" data-file-height="2624" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Isaac_Newton" title="Isaac Newton">Isaac Newton</a>, mathematician and physicist who developed <a href="/wiki/Classical_mechanics" title="Classical mechanics">classical mechanics</a> and <a href="/wiki/Calculus" title="Calculus">calculus</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Abdus_Salam_1987.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Abdus_Salam_1987.jpg/220px-Abdus_Salam_1987.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="271" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Abdus_Salam_1987.jpg/330px-Abdus_Salam_1987.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Abdus_Salam_1987.jpg/440px-Abdus_Salam_1987.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1520" data-file-height="1872" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Abdus_Salam" title="Abdus Salam">Abdus Salam</a>, a theoretical physicist</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Isaac_Newton" title="Isaac Newton">Isaac Newton</a>, who conducted many of his experiments on the grounds of Trinity College, ranks among the most famed University of Cambridge alumni. Other alumni of the university include <a href="/wiki/Francis_Bacon" title="Francis Bacon">Francis Bacon</a>, who developed the <a href="/wiki/Scientific_method" title="Scientific method">scientific method</a> of inquiry, mathematicians <a href="/wiki/John_Dee" title="John Dee">John Dee</a> and <a href="/wiki/Brook_Taylor" title="Brook Taylor">Brook Taylor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pure_mathematics" title="Pure mathematics">pure mathematicians</a> <a href="/wiki/G._H._Hardy" title="G. H. Hardy">G. H. Hardy</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Edensor_Littlewood" title="John Edensor Littlewood">John Edensor Littlewood</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mary_Cartwright" title="Mary Cartwright">Mary Cartwright</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Augustus_De_Morgan" title="Augustus De Morgan">Augustus De Morgan</a>; <a href="/wiki/Michael_Atiyah" title="Michael Atiyah">Michael Atiyah</a>, a geometry specialist; <a href="/wiki/William_Oughtred" title="William Oughtred">William Oughtred</a>, inventor of the <a href="/wiki/Logarithmic_scale" title="Logarithmic scale">logarithmic scale</a>; <a href="/wiki/John_Wallis" title="John Wallis">John Wallis</a>, first to explain the law of acceleration; <a href="/wiki/Srinivasa_Ramanujan" title="Srinivasa Ramanujan">Srinivasa Ramanujan</a>, a genius who made substantial contributions to <a href="/wiki/Mathematical_analysis" title="Mathematical analysis">mathematical analysis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Number_theory" title="Number theory">number theory</a>, <a href="/wiki/Infinite_series" class="mw-redirect" title="Infinite series">infinite series</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Continued_fractions" class="mw-redirect" title="Continued fractions">continued fractions</a>; and <a href="/wiki/James_Clerk_Maxwell" title="James Clerk Maxwell">James Clerk Maxwell</a>, who brought about the second great unification of physics (the first being accredited to Newton) with his classical theory of <a href="/wiki/Electromagnetic_radiation" title="Electromagnetic radiation">electromagnetic radiation</a>. In 1890, mathematician <a href="/wiki/Philippa_Fawcett" title="Philippa Fawcett">Philippa Fawcett</a>, a University of Cambridge student, registered the highest score in the Cambridge Mathematical Tripos exams but as a woman was then ineligible to claim the title <a href="/wiki/Senior_Wrangler" title="Senior Wrangler">Senior Wrangler</a>. In biology, University of Cambridge alumni include <a href="/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin">Charles Darwin</a>, famous for developing the theory of <a href="/wiki/Natural_selection" title="Natural selection">natural selection</a> and explaining evolution, is an alumnus of <a href="/wiki/Christ%27s_College,_Cambridge" title="Christ's College, Cambridge">Christ's College</a>. Biologists <a href="/wiki/Francis_Crick" title="Francis Crick">Francis Crick</a> and <a href="/wiki/James_D._Watson" class="mw-redirect" title="James D. Watson">James Watson</a> developed the model explaining the three-dimensional structure of <a href="/wiki/DNA" title="DNA">DNA</a> while working at the <a href="/wiki/Cavendish_Laboratory" title="Cavendish Laboratory">Cavendish Laboratory</a>; University of Cambridge graduates <a href="/wiki/Maurice_Wilkins" title="Maurice Wilkins">Maurice Wilkins</a> and especially <a href="/wiki/Rosalind_Franklin" title="Rosalind Franklin">Rosalind Franklin</a> produced key <a href="/wiki/X-ray_crystallography" title="X-ray crystallography">X-ray crystallography</a> data, which was shared with Watson by Wilkins. Wilkins went on to verify the proposed structure and win the Nobel Prize with Watson and Crick. More recently, <a href="/wiki/Ian_Wilmut" title="Ian Wilmut">Ian Wilmut</a> was part of the team responsible for the first cloning of a mammal (<a href="/wiki/Dolly_the_Sheep" class="mw-redirect" title="Dolly the Sheep">Dolly the Sheep</a> in 1996), naturalist and broadcaster <a href="/wiki/David_Attenborough" title="David Attenborough">David Attenborough</a>, ethologist <a href="/wiki/Jane_Goodall" title="Jane Goodall">Jane Goodall</a>, expert on chimpanzees was a PhD student at the university, anthropologist <a href="/wiki/Alison_Richard" title="Alison Richard">Dame Alison Richard</a>, former vice-chancellor of the university, and <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Sanger" title="Frederick Sanger">Frederick Sanger</a>, a biochemist known for developing <a href="/wiki/Sanger_sequencing" title="Sanger sequencing">Sanger sequencing</a> and receiving two Nobel prizes. Despite the university's delay in admitting women to its full degree programs, women associated with the University of Cambridge have been at the heart of scientific research throughout the 20th century. Notable female scientists include biochemist <a href="/wiki/Marjory_Stephenson" title="Marjory Stephenson">Marjory Stephenson</a>, plant physiologist <a href="/wiki/Gabrielle_Howard" title="Gabrielle Howard">Gabrielle Howard</a>, social anthropologist <a href="/wiki/Audrey_Richards" title="Audrey Richards">Audrey Richards</a>, psychoanalyst <a href="/wiki/Alix_Strachey" title="Alix Strachey">Alix Strachey</a>, who with her husband translated the works of <a href="/wiki/Sigmund_Freud" title="Sigmund Freud">Sigmund Freud</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kavli_Prize" title="Kavli Prize">Kavli Prize</a>-winner <a href="/wiki/Brenda_Milner" title="Brenda Milner">Brenda Milner</a>, responsible for co-discovering specialised brain networks for memory and cognition. Veterinary epidemiologist <a href="/wiki/Sarah_Cleaveland" title="Sarah Cleaveland">Sarah Cleaveland</a> has contributed to advances in eliminating <a href="/wiki/Rabies" title="Rabies">rabies</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Serengeti" title="Serengeti">Serengeti</a>.<a href="#cite_note-208">[205]</a> The university is widely considered the birthplace of the computer; mathematician and father of the computer <a href="/wiki/Charles_Babbage" title="Charles Babbage">Charles Babbage</a> designed the world's first computing system as early as the mid-1800s. Cambridge alumnus <a href="/wiki/Alan_Turing" title="Alan Turing">Alan Turing</a> devised the basis for modern computing, and <a href="/wiki/Maurice_Wilkes" title="Maurice Wilkes">Maurice Wilkes</a> later created the first programmable computer. The <a href="/wiki/Webcam" title="Webcam">webcam</a> was also invented at the University of Cambridge, showing the <a href="/wiki/Trojan_Room_coffee_pot" title="Trojan Room coffee pot">Trojan Room coffee pot</a> in the university's computer laboratories. In physics, <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Rutherford" title="Ernest Rutherford">Ernest Rutherford</a>, regarded as the father of <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_physics" title="Nuclear physics">nuclear physics</a>, spent much of his life at the university, where he worked closely with <a href="/wiki/Evan_James_Williams" title="Evan James Williams">E. J. Williams</a> and <a href="/wiki/Niels_Bohr" title="Niels Bohr">Niels Bohr</a>, a major contributor to the understanding of the <a href="/wiki/Atom" title="Atom">atom</a>, <a href="/wiki/J._J._Thomson" title="J. J. Thomson">J. J. Thomson</a>, discoverer of the <a href="/wiki/Electron" title="Electron">electron</a>, <a href="/wiki/James_Chadwick" title="James Chadwick">James Chadwick</a>, discoverer of the <a href="/wiki/Neutron" title="Neutron">neutron</a>, and <a href="/wiki/John_Cockcroft" title="John Cockcroft">John Cockcroft</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Walton" title="Ernest Walton">Ernest Walton</a>, responsible for first splitting the atom. <a href="/wiki/J._Robert_Oppenheimer" title="J. Robert Oppenheimer">J. Robert Oppenheimer</a>, leader of the <a href="/wiki/Manhattan_Project" title="Manhattan Project">Manhattan Project</a> that developed the <a href="/wiki/Atomic_bomb" class="mw-redirect" title="Atomic bomb">atomic bomb</a>, also studied under Rutherford and Thomson. <a href="/wiki/Joan_Curran" title="Joan Curran">Joan Curran</a> devised the <a href="/wiki/Chaff_(countermeasure)" title="Chaff (countermeasure)">'chaff'</a> technique used during <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> to disrupt <a href="/wiki/Radar" title="Radar">radar</a> on <a href="/wiki/Axis_powers" title="Axis powers">Axis powers</a>' planes. University of Cambridge alumni in astronomy include <a href="/wiki/John_Herschel" title="John Herschel">John Herschel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Eddington" title="Arthur Eddington">Arthur Eddington</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Paul_Dirac" title="Paul Dirac">Paul Dirac</a>, discoverer of <a href="/wiki/Antimatter" title="Antimatter">antimatter</a> and one of the pioneers of <a href="/wiki/Quantum_mechanics" title="Quantum mechanics">quantum mechanics</a>; <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Hawking" title="Stephen Hawking">Stephen Hawking</a>, theoretical physicist and the university's long-serving <a href="/wiki/Lucasian_Professor_of_Mathematics" title="Lucasian Professor of Mathematics">Lucasian Professor of Mathematics</a> until 2009; and <a href="/wiki/Martin_Rees,_Baron_Rees_of_Ludlow" class="mw-redirect" title="Martin Rees, Baron Rees of Ludlow">Martin Rees</a>, the current <a href="/wiki/Astronomer_Royal" title="Astronomer Royal">Astronomer Royal</a> and former Master of Trinity College. <a href="/wiki/John_Polkinghorne" title="John Polkinghorne">John Polkinghorne</a>, a mathematician before his ordination to the <a href="/wiki/Anglican" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglican">Anglican</a> <a href="/wiki/Minister_(Christianity)" title="Minister (Christianity)">ministry</a>, received the <a href="/wiki/Templeton_Prize" title="Templeton Prize">Templeton Prize</a> for his work reconciling science and religion. Other significant university alumni in science include <a href="/wiki/Henry_Cavendish" title="Henry Cavendish">Henry Cavendish</a>, who discovered <a href="/wiki/Hydrogen" title="Hydrogen">hydrogen</a>; <a href="/wiki/Frank_Whittle" title="Frank Whittle">Frank Whittle</a>, co-inventor of the jet engine; <a href="/wiki/William_Thomson,_1st_Baron_Kelvin" class="mw-redirect" title="William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin">William Thomson (Lord Kelvin)</a>, who formulated the original <a href="/wiki/Laws_of_Thermodynamics" class="mw-redirect" title="Laws of Thermodynamics">Laws of Thermodynamics</a>; <a href="/wiki/William_Fox_Talbot" class="mw-redirect" title="William Fox Talbot">William Fox Talbot</a>, who invented the camera, <a href="/wiki/Alfred_North_Whitehead" title="Alfred North Whitehead">Alfred North Whitehead</a>, Einstein's major opponent; <a href="/wiki/Jagadish_Chandra_Bose" title="Jagadish Chandra Bose">Jagadish Chandra Bose</a>, one of the fathers of radio science; <a href="/wiki/John_William_Strutt,_3rd_Baron_Rayleigh" title="John William Strutt, 3rd Baron Rayleigh">Lord Rayleigh</a>, who made extensive contributions to both theoretical and experimental physics in the 20th century; and <a href="/wiki/Georges_Lema%C3%AEtre" title="Georges Lemaître">Georges Lemaître</a>, who first proposed the <a href="/wiki/Big_Bang" title="Big Bang">Big Bang</a> theory. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Politics_2">Politics</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Cambridge&action=edit&section=51" title="Edit section: Politics">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Oliver_Cromwell_by_Samuel_Cooper.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Oliver_Cromwell_by_Samuel_Cooper.jpg/220px-Oliver_Cromwell_by_Samuel_Cooper.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="267" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Oliver_Cromwell_by_Samuel_Cooper.jpg/330px-Oliver_Cromwell_by_Samuel_Cooper.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Oliver_Cromwell_by_Samuel_Cooper.jpg/440px-Oliver_Cromwell_by_Samuel_Cooper.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="2916" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Oliver_Cromwell" title="Oliver Cromwell">Oliver Cromwell</a>, statesman, politician and soldier who served as <a href="/wiki/Lord_Protector" title="Lord Protector">Lord Protector of England</a></figcaption></figure> The University of Cambridge has a strong reputation in the field of politics, having educated:<a href="#cite_note-209">[206]</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oliver_Cromwell" title="Oliver Cromwell">Oliver Cromwell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lord_Protector_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Lord Protector of England">Lord Protector of England</a> (1653–58)<a href="#cite_note-210">[207]</a></li> <li>14 <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Prime Minister of the United Kingdom">British Prime Ministers</a>, including <a href="/wiki/Robert_Walpole" title="Robert Walpole">Robert Walpole</a>, who is widely regarded as the first British Prime Minister. The last Cambridge graduate to have served as British Prime Minister was <a href="/wiki/Stanley_Baldwin" title="Stanley Baldwin">Stanley Baldwin</a>.</li> <li>At least 30 foreign heads of state or government, including presidents of India, Ireland, Trinidad and Tobago, Uganda, South Korea, and Zambia; along with prime ministers of Australia, Burma, France, India, Jordan, Malaysia, Malta, Thailand, Pakistan, Poland, Singapore, South Africa, Sri Lanka, and New Zealand</li> <li>At least nine monarchs, including Kings <a href="/wiki/Edward_VII" title="Edward VII">Edward VII</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_VI" title="George VI">George VI</a>, and (current King) <a href="/wiki/Charles_III" title="Charles III">Charles III</a> of the United Kingdom, King <a href="/wiki/Peter_II_of_Yugoslavia" title="Peter II of Yugoslavia">Peter II of Yugoslavia</a>, Queen <a href="/wiki/Margrethe_II_of_Denmark" class="mw-redirect" title="Margrethe II of Denmark">Margrethe II of Denmark</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Queen_Sof%C3%ADa_of_Spain" title="Queen Sofía of Spain">Queen Sofía of Spain</a>. The university had also educated a large number of royals, including <a href="/wiki/Prince_Edward,_Earl_of_Wessex" class="mw-redirect" title="Prince Edward, Earl of Wessex">Prince Edward, Earl of Wessex</a></li> <li>Three signatories of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Declaration_of_Independence" title="United States Declaration of Independence">United States Declaration of Independence</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Lynch_Jr." title="Thomas Lynch Jr.">Thomas Lynch Jr.</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Middleton" title="Arthur Middleton">Arthur Middleton</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Nelson_Jr." title="Thomas Nelson Jr.">Thomas Nelson Jr.</a><a href="#cite_note-211">[208]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sports_2">Sports</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Cambridge&action=edit&section=52" title="Edit section: Sports">edit</a>]</div> By 2016, athletes who are university graduates or attendees had won 194 Olympic medals, including 88 gold medals.<a href="#cite_note-Hawks-18">[17]</a> Alumni of the university include Chinese six-time world table tennis champion <a href="/wiki/Deng_Yaping" title="Deng Yaping">Deng Yaping</a>; sprinter and athletics hero <a href="/wiki/Harold_Abrahams" title="Harold Abrahams">Harold Abrahams</a>; inventors of the modern game of football, <a href="/wiki/H._de_Winton" class="mw-redirect" title="H. de Winton">H. de Winton</a> and <a href="/wiki/J._C._Thring" class="mw-redirect" title="J. C. Thring">J. C. Thring</a>; Indian cricketer Colonel H. H. Shri Sir <a href="/wiki/Ranjitsinhji" title="Ranjitsinhji">Ranjitsinhji Vibhaji II</a>; and <a href="/wiki/George_Mallory" title="George Mallory">George Mallory</a>, the mountaineer. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Technology">Technology</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Cambridge&action=edit&section=53" title="Edit section: Technology">edit</a>]</div> University of Cambridge alumni are responsible some of the world's greatest advances in technology, and several have gone on to found or co-found leading technology companies, including: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Demis_Hassabis" title="Demis Hassabis">Demis Hassabis</a>, co-founder and chief executive officer of <a href="/wiki/DeepMind" class="mw-redirect" title="DeepMind">DeepMind</a>, a British artificial intelligence subsidiary of <a href="/wiki/Alphabet_Inc" class="mw-redirect" title="Alphabet Inc">Alphabet Inc</a> responsible for the <a href="/wiki/AlphaGo" title="AlphaGo">AlphaGo</a> and <a href="/wiki/AlphaFold" title="AlphaFold">AlphaFold</a> breakthroughs in <a href="/wiki/Artificial_intelligence" title="Artificial intelligence">AI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herman_Narula" title="Herman Narula">Herman Narula</a> and Rob Whitehead, co-founders of <a href="/wiki/Improbable_(company)" title="Improbable (company)">Improbable</a>, a British multinational company developing video game simulation software</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sophie_Wilson" title="Sophie Wilson">Sophie Wilson</a> and <a href="/wiki/Steve_Furber" title="Steve Furber">Steve Furber</a>, co-founders of <a href="/wiki/Arm_Ltd." class="mw-redirect" title="Arm Ltd.">ARM</a>, a British semiconductor and software design company still based in Cambridge</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kennedy_Ekezie" title="Kennedy Ekezie">Kennedy Ekezie</a>, co-founder and chief executive officer of <a href="/wiki/Kippa_(company)" title="Kippa (company)">Kippa</a>, a Nigerian software and financial services company</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramsey_Faragher" title="Ramsey Faragher">Ramsey Faragher</a>, founder, president, and CTO of a business, as well as chairman and president of another business; expert on navigation using novel methods</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_literature_and_popular_culture">In literature and popular culture</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Cambridge&action=edit&section=54" title="Edit section: In literature and popular culture">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_fictional_Cambridge_colleges" title="List of fictional Cambridge colleges">List of fictional Cambridge colleges</a>; <a href="/wiki/A_Disappearing_Number" title="A Disappearing Number">A Disappearing Number</a>; <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_Spies" title="Cambridge Spies">Cambridge Spies</a>; <a href="/wiki/Chariots_of_Fire" title="Chariots of Fire">Chariots of Fire</a>; <a href="/wiki/Chariots_of_Fire_(play)" title="Chariots of Fire (play)">Chariots of Fire (play)</a>; <a href="/wiki/High_Table,_Lower_Orders" title="High Table, Lower Orders">High Table, Lower Orders</a>; <a href="/wiki/Category:Novels_set_in_the_University_of_Cambridge" title="Category:Novels set in the University of Cambridge">Category:Novels set in the University of Cambridge</a>; <a href="/wiki/Porterhouse_Blue_(TV_series)" title="Porterhouse Blue (TV series)">Porterhouse Blue (TV series)</a>; <a href="/wiki/Psmith" title="Psmith">Psmith</a>; <a href="/wiki/Rock_%27n%27_Roll_(play)" title="Rock 'n' Roll (play)">Rock 'n' Roll (play)</a>; <a href="/wiki/The_Reeve%27s_Tale" title="The Reeve's Tale">The Reeve's Tale</a>; and <a href="/wiki/The_Riddle_of_the_Sphinx_(Inside_No._9)" title="The Riddle of the Sphinx (Inside No. 9)">The Riddle of the Sphinx (Inside No. 9)</a></div> Throughout its history, the University of Cambridge has frequently been featured in literature, artistic works, television, and film. Cambridge was mentioned as early as the 14th century in <a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Chaucer" title="Geoffrey Chaucer">Geoffrey Chaucer</a>'s <a href="/wiki/The_Canterbury_Tales" title="The Canterbury Tales">The Canterbury Tales</a>. In <a href="/wiki/The_Reeve%27s_Tale" title="The Reeve's Tale">The Reeve's Tale</a>, the two main fictional characters are students at a University of Cambridge college called Soler Halle, which is believed to refer to <a href="/wiki/King%27s_Hall,_Cambridge" title="King's Hall, Cambridge">King's Hall</a> and is now part of <a href="/wiki/Trinity_College,_Cambridge" title="Trinity College, Cambridge">Trinity College</a>.<a href="#cite_note-212">[209]</a> The university has been the setting for all or parts of numerous novels, including <a href="/wiki/Douglas_Adams" title="Douglas Adams">Douglas Adams</a>' <a href="/wiki/Dirk_Gently%27s_Holistic_Detective_Agency" title="Dirk Gently's Holistic Detective Agency">Dirk Gently's Holistic Detective Agency</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rose_Macaulay" title="Rose Macaulay">Rose Macaulay</a>'s <a href="/wiki/They_Were_Defeated" title="They Were Defeated">They Were Defeated</a>,<a href="#cite_note-213">[210]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tom_Sharpe" title="Tom Sharpe">Tom Sharpe</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Porterhouse_Blue" title="Porterhouse Blue">Porterhouse Blue</a>.<a href="#cite_note-214">[211]</a> Other notable examples of the University of Cambridge in popular culture include: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Xu_Zhimo" title="Xu Zhimo">Xu Zhimo</a>'s best-known poem, "On Leaving Cambridge" (<a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">simplified Chinese</a>: 再别康桥; <a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">traditional Chinese</a>: 再別康橋), published in 1928, is part of <a href="/wiki/Education_in_China" title="Education in China">China's national curriculum</a> taught to all schoolchildren and has generated a tremendous amount of adoration of the University of Cambridge in China.<a href="#cite_note-215">[212]</a></li> <li>In the <a href="/wiki/Psmith" title="Psmith">Psmith</a> series, a collection of novels published between 1908 and 1923 by <a href="/wiki/P._G._Wodehouse" title="P. G. Wodehouse">P. G. Wodehouse</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Rupert_Psmith" class="mw-redirect" title="Rupert Psmith">title character</a> and <a href="/wiki/Michael_%22Mike%22_Jackson" class="mw-redirect" title="Michael "Mike" Jackson">Mike</a>, his closest friend, study at the University of Cambridge.</li> <li>The 1981 film <a href="/wiki/Chariots_of_Fire" title="Chariots of Fire">Chariots of Fire</a> is partly set at Cambridge between 1919 and 1924 when protagonist <a href="/wiki/Harold_Abrahams" title="Harold Abrahams">Harold Abrahams</a> (played by <a href="/wiki/Ben_Cross" title="Ben Cross">Ben Cross</a>) was a student there.</li> <li>The 1983 film <a href="/wiki/Monty_Python%27s_The_Meaning_of_Life" title="Monty Python's The Meaning of Life">Monty Python's The Meaning of Life</a> features <a href="/wiki/Churchill_College,_Cambridge" title="Churchill College, Cambridge">Churchill College</a> in the film's church scene.</li> <li>The film <a href="/wiki/Maurice_(1987_film)" title="Maurice (1987 film)">Maurice</a>, based on the 1971 novel <a href="/wiki/Maurice_(novel)" title="Maurice (novel)">Maurice</a>, is partly filmed at the University of Cambridge.</li> <li>The 1989 film <a href="/wiki/Dead_Poets_Society" title="Dead Poets Society">Dead Poets Society</a> features character John Keating (played by <a href="/wiki/Robin_Williams" title="Robin Williams">Robin Williams</a>), who is a Welton Academy English teacher described in his senior annual as "Cambridge bound".</li> <li>The 1996 film <a href="/wiki/True_Blue_(1996_film)" title="True Blue (1996 film)">True Blue</a> centers around a mutiny at the time of the 1985 <a href="/wiki/Boat_Race" class="mw-redirect" title="Boat Race">Oxford-Cambridge rowing race</a>.</li> <li>The television series <a href="/wiki/Frasier" title="Frasier">Frasier</a> (1993–2004) features <a href="/wiki/Niles_Crane" title="Niles Crane">Niles Crane</a>, portrayed by <a href="/wiki/David_Hyde_Pierce" title="David Hyde Pierce">David Hyde Pierce</a>, who studied as a graduate student at Cambridge.</li> <li>In the television series <a href="/wiki/The_Big_Bang_Theory" title="The Big Bang Theory">The Big Bang Theory</a> (2007–2019), <a href="/wiki/Raj_Koothrappali" title="Raj Koothrappali">Raj Koothrappali</a>, portrayed by <a href="/wiki/Kunal_Nayyar" title="Kunal Nayyar">Kunal Nayyar</a>, studied astrophysics at Cambridge, and <a href="/wiki/List_of_The_Big_Bang_Theory_and_Young_Sheldon_characters" class="mw-redirect" title="List of The Big Bang Theory and Young Sheldon characters">Priya Koothrappali</a>, portrayed by <a href="/wiki/Aarti_Mann" title="Aarti Mann">Aarti Mann</a>, studied law at Cambridge.</li> <li>In the 2002 film <a href="/wiki/28_Days_Later" title="28 Days Later">28 Days Later</a>, a chimpanzee carrying the "Rage" virus is freed from a fictional Cambridge laboratory.</li> <li>The 2008 film <a href="/wiki/The_History_Boys_(film)" title="The History Boys (film)">The History Boys</a> is about a group of boys applying to study history at Cambridge and <a href="/wiki/University_of_Oxford" title="University of Oxford">Oxford</a>.</li> <li>In the 2011 film <a href="/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes:_A_Game_of_Shadows" title="Sherlock Holmes: A Game of Shadows">Sherlock Holmes: A Game of Shadows</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes" title="Sherlock Holmes">Sherlock Holmes</a> is shown meeting his nemesis, <a href="/wiki/Professor_Moriarty" title="Professor Moriarty">Professor Moriarty</a>, in Moriarty's office with a brief stock shot establishing it as <a href="/wiki/King%27s_College,_Cambridge" title="King's College, Cambridge">King's College</a>, where Moriarty is a professor.</li> <li>In the 2014 biographical film <a href="/wiki/The_Theory_of_Everything_(2014_film)" title="The Theory of Everything (2014 film)">The Theory of Everything</a>, young <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Hawking" title="Stephen Hawking">Stephen Hawking</a> falls in love with literature student Jane Wilde at the University of Cambridge, where both of them study.</li> <li>The 2014 film <a href="/wiki/The_Imitation_Game" title="The Imitation Game">The Imitation Game</a> is a historical drama that features <a href="/wiki/Alan_Turing" title="Alan Turing">Alan Turing</a> (played by <a href="/wiki/Benedict_Cumberbatch" title="Benedict Cumberbatch">Benedict Cumberbatch</a>), who is referenced as being a Cambridge alumnus and fellow at <a href="/wiki/King%27s_College,_Cambridge" title="King's College, Cambridge">King's College</a> at Cambridge.</li> <li>The 2015 film <a href="/wiki/The_Man_Who_Knew_Infinity" title="The Man Who Knew Infinity">The Man Who Knew Infinity</a> about mathematician <a href="/wiki/Srinivasa_Ramanujan" title="Srinivasa Ramanujan">Srinivasa Ramanujan</a> was filmed at <a href="/wiki/Trinity_College,_Cambridge" title="Trinity College, Cambridge">Trinity College, Cambridge</a>, where Ramanujan was a fellow.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Joan" title="Red Joan">Red Joan</a> (2018) was partly filmed at the University of Cambridge. Joan Smith (played by <a href="/wiki/Judi_Dench" title="Judi Dench">Judi Dench</a>), loosely inspired by <a href="/wiki/Melita_Norwood" title="Melita Norwood">Melita Norwood</a>, is depicted as studying physics at Cambridge.</li> <li>The 2021 film <a href="/wiki/The_Dig_(2021_film)" title="The Dig (2021 film)">The Dig</a> features multiple <a href="/wiki/Archaeologists" class="mw-redirect" title="Archaeologists">archaeologists</a> with ties to the University of Cambridge, including <a href="/wiki/Charles_Phillips_(archaeologist)" title="Charles Phillips (archaeologist)">Charles Phillips</a> (played by <a href="/wiki/Ken_Stott" title="Ken Stott">Ken Stott</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Peggy_Guido" title="Peggy Guido">Peggy Piggott</a> (played by <a href="/wiki/Lily_James" title="Lily James">Lily James</a>).</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/ITV_(TV_Network)" class="mw-redirect" title="ITV (TV Network)">ITV</a> television series <a href="/wiki/Grantchester_(TV_series)" title="Grantchester (TV series)">Granchester</a> (2014–) is partly set in and filmed at Cambridge.</li> <li>The television series <a href="/wiki/Professor_T._(British_TV_series)" title="Professor T. (British TV series)">Professor T</a> (2021–) stars <a href="/wiki/Ben_Miller" title="Ben Miller">Ben Miller</a> as Professor Jasper Tempest, a genius University of Cambridge criminologist.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Cambridge&action=edit&section=55" title="Edit section: Gallery">edit</a>]</div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 242px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 240px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Cmglee_Cambridge_Trinity_College_Great_Court.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Great Court at Trinity College"><img alt="Great Court at Trinity College" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Cmglee_Cambridge_Trinity_College_Great_Court.jpg/360px-Cmglee_Cambridge_Trinity_College_Great_Court.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Cmglee_Cambridge_Trinity_College_Great_Court.jpg/540px-Cmglee_Cambridge_Trinity_College_Great_Court.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Cmglee_Cambridge_Trinity_College_Great_Court.jpg/720px-Cmglee_Cambridge_Trinity_College_Great_Court.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1024" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Great Court at <a href="/wiki/Trinity_College,_Cambridge" title="Trinity College, Cambridge">Trinity College</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 279.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 277.33333333333px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Corpus_Christi_College_New_Court,_Cambridge,_UK_-_Diliff.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="New Court at Corpus Christi College"><img alt="New Court at Corpus Christi College" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Corpus_Christi_College_New_Court%2C_Cambridge%2C_UK_-_Diliff.jpg/416px-Corpus_Christi_College_New_Court%2C_Cambridge%2C_UK_-_Diliff.jpg" decoding="async" width="278" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Corpus_Christi_College_New_Court%2C_Cambridge%2C_UK_-_Diliff.jpg/624px-Corpus_Christi_College_New_Court%2C_Cambridge%2C_UK_-_Diliff.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Corpus_Christi_College_New_Court%2C_Cambridge%2C_UK_-_Diliff.jpg/832px-Corpus_Christi_College_New_Court%2C_Cambridge%2C_UK_-_Diliff.jpg 2x" data-file-width="10000" data-file-height="4332" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">New Court at <a href="/wiki/Corpus_Christi_College,_Cambridge" title="Corpus Christi College, Cambridge">Corpus Christi College</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 85.333333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 83.333333333333px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Cambridge_Gonville_and_Caius_College.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Gatehouse at Gonville and Caius College"><img alt="Gatehouse at Gonville and Caius College" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Cambridge_Gonville_and_Caius_College.jpg/125px-Cambridge_Gonville_and_Caius_College.jpg" decoding="async" width="84" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Cambridge_Gonville_and_Caius_College.jpg/187px-Cambridge_Gonville_and_Caius_College.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Cambridge_Gonville_and_Caius_College.jpg/250px-Cambridge_Gonville_and_Caius_College.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2513" data-file-height="3616" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Gatehouse at <a href="/wiki/Gonville_and_Caius_College,_Cambridge" title="Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge">Gonville and Caius College</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 182px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Pembroke_College_graduation.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="First Court at Pembroke College"><img alt="First Court at Pembroke College" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Pembroke_College_graduation.jpg/270px-Pembroke_College_graduation.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Pembroke_College_graduation.jpg/405px-Pembroke_College_graduation.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Pembroke_College_graduation.jpg/540px-Pembroke_College_graduation.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3888" data-file-height="2592" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">First Court at <a href="/wiki/Pembroke_College,_Cambridge" title="Pembroke College, Cambridge">Pembroke College</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 124px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 122px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Selwyn_College_Gatehouse_Tower,_Cambridge,_UK_-_Diliff.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Gatehouse at Selwyn College"><img alt="Gatehouse at Selwyn College" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Selwyn_College_Gatehouse_Tower%2C_Cambridge%2C_UK_-_Diliff.jpg/183px-Selwyn_College_Gatehouse_Tower%2C_Cambridge%2C_UK_-_Diliff.jpg" decoding="async" width="122" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Selwyn_College_Gatehouse_Tower%2C_Cambridge%2C_UK_-_Diliff.jpg/274px-Selwyn_College_Gatehouse_Tower%2C_Cambridge%2C_UK_-_Diliff.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Selwyn_College_Gatehouse_Tower%2C_Cambridge%2C_UK_-_Diliff.jpg/365px-Selwyn_College_Gatehouse_Tower%2C_Cambridge%2C_UK_-_Diliff.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4148" data-file-height="4089" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Gatehouse at <a href="/wiki/Selwyn_College,_Cambridge" title="Selwyn College, Cambridge">Selwyn College</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 182px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><a href="/wiki/File:St_Catharine%27s_College_Catz_University_of_Cambridge_Cambridge_England_Britain_UK_United_Kingdom_United_Kingdom_of_Great_Britain_and_Northern_Ireland_(40307549695).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Main Court at St Catharine's College"><img alt="Main Court at St Catharine's College" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/St_Catharine%27s_College_Catz_University_of_Cambridge_Cambridge_England_Britain_UK_United_Kingdom_United_Kingdom_of_Great_Britain_and_Northern_Ireland_%2840307549695%29.jpg/270px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/St_Catharine%27s_College_Catz_University_of_Cambridge_Cambridge_England_Britain_UK_United_Kingdom_United_Kingdom_of_Great_Britain_and_Northern_Ireland_%2840307549695%29.jpg/405px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/St_Catharine%27s_College_Catz_University_of_Cambridge_Cambridge_England_Britain_UK_United_Kingdom_United_Kingdom_of_Great_Britain_and_Northern_Ireland_%2840307549695%29.jpg/540px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6720" data-file-height="4480" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Main Court at <a href="/wiki/St_Catharine%27s_College,_Cambridge" title="St Catharine's College, Cambridge">St Catharine's College</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 98px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 96px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Hughes_Hall_and_Fenners_in_February_(geograph_4824048).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Hughes Hall and Fenner's"><img alt="Hughes Hall and Fenner's" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Hughes_Hall_and_Fenners_in_February_%28geograph_4824048%29.jpg/144px-Hughes_Hall_and_Fenners_in_February_%28geograph_4824048%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="96" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Hughes_Hall_and_Fenners_in_February_%28geograph_4824048%29.jpg/216px-Hughes_Hall_and_Fenners_in_February_%28geograph_4824048%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Hughes_Hall_and_Fenners_in_February_%28geograph_4824048%29.jpg/288px-Hughes_Hall_and_Fenners_in_February_%28geograph_4824048%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="819" data-file-height="1024" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Hughes_Hall,_Cambridge" title="Hughes Hall, Cambridge">Hughes Hall</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fenner%27s" title="Fenner's">Fenner's</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Bredon_house.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Bredon House at Wolfson College"><img alt="Bredon House at Wolfson College" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Bredon_house.png/240px-Bredon_house.png" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Bredon_house.png/360px-Bredon_house.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3f/Bredon_house.png 2x" data-file-width="363" data-file-height="272" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Bredon House at <a href="/wiki/Wolfson_College,_Cambridge" title="Wolfson College, Cambridge">Wolfson College</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 216px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 214px;"><a href="/wiki/File:St_Edmund%27s_Aerial.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="St Edmund's College"><img alt="St Edmund's College" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/St_Edmund%27s_Aerial.jpg/321px-St_Edmund%27s_Aerial.jpg" decoding="async" width="214" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/St_Edmund%27s_Aerial.jpg/481px-St_Edmund%27s_Aerial.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/St_Edmund%27s_Aerial.jpg/641px-St_Edmund%27s_Aerial.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1124" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/St_Edmund%27s_College,_Cambridge" title="St Edmund's College, Cambridge">St Edmund's College</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 169.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 167.33333333333px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Flowers_(233225591).jpeg" class="mw-file-description" title="West Lodge Garden at Downing College"><img alt="West Lodge Garden at Downing College" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Flowers_%28233225591%29.jpeg/251px-Flowers_%28233225591%29.jpeg" decoding="async" width="168" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Flowers_%28233225591%29.jpeg/376px-Flowers_%28233225591%29.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Flowers_%28233225591%29.jpeg/501px-Flowers_%28233225591%29.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1472" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">West Lodge Garden at <a href="/wiki/Downing_College,_Cambridge" title="Downing College, Cambridge">Downing College</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Graduation_day,_Queens%27_College,_Cambridge.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Old Gatehouse at Queen's College"><img alt="Old Gatehouse at Queen's College" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Graduation_day%2C_Queens%27_College%2C_Cambridge.JPG/240px-Graduation_day%2C_Queens%27_College%2C_Cambridge.JPG" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Graduation_day%2C_Queens%27_College%2C_Cambridge.JPG/360px-Graduation_day%2C_Queens%27_College%2C_Cambridge.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Graduation_day%2C_Queens%27_College%2C_Cambridge.JPG/480px-Graduation_day%2C_Queens%27_College%2C_Cambridge.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Old Gatehouse at <a href="/wiki/Queens%27_College,_Cambridge" title="Queens' College, Cambridge">Queen's College</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160.66666666667px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Magdalene_College_Dining_Hall,_Cambridge,_UK_-_Diliff_-_sans_lens_flares.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Dining Hall at Magdalene College"><img alt="Dining Hall at Magdalene College" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Magdalene_College_Dining_Hall%2C_Cambridge%2C_UK_-_Diliff_-_sans_lens_flares.jpg/241px-Magdalene_College_Dining_Hall%2C_Cambridge%2C_UK_-_Diliff_-_sans_lens_flares.jpg" decoding="async" width="161" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Magdalene_College_Dining_Hall%2C_Cambridge%2C_UK_-_Diliff_-_sans_lens_flares.jpg/362px-Magdalene_College_Dining_Hall%2C_Cambridge%2C_UK_-_Diliff_-_sans_lens_flares.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Magdalene_College_Dining_Hall%2C_Cambridge%2C_UK_-_Diliff_-_sans_lens_flares.jpg/482px-Magdalene_College_Dining_Hall%2C_Cambridge%2C_UK_-_Diliff_-_sans_lens_flares.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6972" data-file-height="5209" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Dining Hall at <a href="/wiki/Magdalene_College,_Cambridge" title="Magdalene College, Cambridge">Magdalene College</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160.66666666667px;"><a href="/wiki/File:JesusCollegeChapelCourt.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Chapel Court at Jesus College"><img alt="Chapel Court at Jesus College" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/JesusCollegeChapelCourt.jpg/241px-JesusCollegeChapelCourt.jpg" decoding="async" width="161" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/JesusCollegeChapelCourt.jpg/362px-JesusCollegeChapelCourt.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/JesusCollegeChapelCourt.jpg/482px-JesusCollegeChapelCourt.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1936" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Chapel Court at <a href="/wiki/Jesus_College,_Cambridge" title="Jesus College, Cambridge">Jesus College</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 116px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 114px;"><a href="/wiki/File:St_John%27s_College_Second_Court,_Cambridge,_UK_-_Diliff.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Second Court at St John's College"><img alt="Second Court at St John's College" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/St_John%27s_College_Second_Court%2C_Cambridge%2C_UK_-_Diliff.jpg/171px-St_John%27s_College_Second_Court%2C_Cambridge%2C_UK_-_Diliff.jpg" decoding="async" width="114" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/St_John%27s_College_Second_Court%2C_Cambridge%2C_UK_-_Diliff.jpg/257px-St_John%27s_College_Second_Court%2C_Cambridge%2C_UK_-_Diliff.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/St_John%27s_College_Second_Court%2C_Cambridge%2C_UK_-_Diliff.jpg/343px-St_John%27s_College_Second_Court%2C_Cambridge%2C_UK_-_Diliff.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4759" data-file-height="5000" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Second Court at <a href="/wiki/St_John%27s_College,_Cambridge" title="St John's College, Cambridge">St John's College</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 169.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 167.33333333333px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Cambridge_13_Trinity_Hall_01a_Exterior.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Trinity Hall"><img alt="Trinity Hall" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Cambridge_13_Trinity_Hall_01a_Exterior.jpg/251px-Cambridge_13_Trinity_Hall_01a_Exterior.jpg" decoding="async" width="168" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Cambridge_13_Trinity_Hall_01a_Exterior.jpg/376px-Cambridge_13_Trinity_Hall_01a_Exterior.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Cambridge_13_Trinity_Hall_01a_Exterior.jpg/501px-Cambridge_13_Trinity_Hall_01a_Exterior.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3024" data-file-height="2172" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Trinity_Hall,_Cambridge" title="Trinity Hall, Cambridge">Trinity Hall</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Cavendish_Building,_Cambridge_(Homerton_College)_2012.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Cavendish Building at Homerton College"><img alt="The Cavendish Building at Homerton College" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/The_Cavendish_Building%2C_Cambridge_%28Homerton_College%29_2012.jpg/240px-The_Cavendish_Building%2C_Cambridge_%28Homerton_College%29_2012.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/The_Cavendish_Building%2C_Cambridge_%28Homerton_College%29_2012.jpg/360px-The_Cavendish_Building%2C_Cambridge_%28Homerton_College%29_2012.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/The_Cavendish_Building%2C_Cambridge_%28Homerton_College%29_2012.jpg/480px-The_Cavendish_Building%2C_Cambridge_%28Homerton_College%29_2012.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">The Cavendish Building at <a href="/wiki/Homerton_College,_Cambridge" title="Homerton College, Cambridge">Homerton College</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 122px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 120px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Darwin_College_Granary_Store,_Cambridge,_England.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Darwin College"><img alt="Darwin College" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Darwin_College_Granary_Store%2C_Cambridge%2C_England.jpg/180px-Darwin_College_Granary_Store%2C_Cambridge%2C_England.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Darwin_College_Granary_Store%2C_Cambridge%2C_England.jpg/270px-Darwin_College_Granary_Store%2C_Cambridge%2C_England.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Darwin_College_Granary_Store%2C_Cambridge%2C_England.jpg/360px-Darwin_College_Granary_Store%2C_Cambridge%2C_England.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="2592" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Darwin_College,_Cambridge" title="Darwin College, Cambridge">Darwin College</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Sidney_Sussex_Chapel.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The chapel at Sidney Sussex College"><img alt="The chapel at Sidney Sussex College" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Sidney_Sussex_Chapel.jpg/240px-Sidney_Sussex_Chapel.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Sidney_Sussex_Chapel.jpg/359px-Sidney_Sussex_Chapel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Sidney_Sussex_Chapel.jpg/479px-Sidney_Sussex_Chapel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="451" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">The chapel at <a href="/wiki/Sidney_Sussex_College,_Cambridge" title="Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge">Sidney Sussex College</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 92px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 90px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Cambridge_University_Judge_Business_School_interior.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The interior of Judge Business School"><img alt="The interior of Judge Business School" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Cambridge_University_Judge_Business_School_interior.jpg/135px-Cambridge_University_Judge_Business_School_interior.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Cambridge_University_Judge_Business_School_interior.jpg/202px-Cambridge_University_Judge_Business_School_interior.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Cambridge_University_Judge_Business_School_interior.jpg/270px-Cambridge_University_Judge_Business_School_interior.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="2048" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">The interior of <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_Judge_Business_School" title="Cambridge Judge Business School">Judge Business School</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Fitzwilliam_college_grove_summer.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Grove at Fitzwilliam College"><img alt="The Grove at Fitzwilliam College" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Fitzwilliam_college_grove_summer.jpg/240px-Fitzwilliam_college_grove_summer.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Fitzwilliam_college_grove_summer.jpg/360px-Fitzwilliam_college_grove_summer.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Fitzwilliam_college_grove_summer.jpg/480px-Fitzwilliam_college_grove_summer.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">The Grove at <a href="/wiki/Fitzwilliam_College,_Cambridge" title="Fitzwilliam College, Cambridge">Fitzwilliam College</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 92px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 90px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Cambridge_-_Girton_College_Main_Gate_-_June_2018.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Gatehouse at Girton College"><img alt="Gatehouse at Girton College" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Cambridge_-_Girton_College_Main_Gate_-_June_2018.jpg/135px-Cambridge_-_Girton_College_Main_Gate_-_June_2018.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Cambridge_-_Girton_College_Main_Gate_-_June_2018.jpg/202px-Cambridge_-_Girton_College_Main_Gate_-_June_2018.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Cambridge_-_Girton_College_Main_Gate_-_June_2018.jpg/270px-Cambridge_-_Girton_College_Main_Gate_-_June_2018.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3383" data-file-height="4511" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Gatehouse at <a href="/wiki/Girton_College,_Cambridge" title="Girton College, Cambridge">Girton College</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Banner_celebrating_800_years_of_University_of_Cambridge.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="2009 Banner celebrating 800 years of University of Cambridge"><img alt="2009 Banner celebrating 800 years of University of Cambridge" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Banner_celebrating_800_years_of_University_of_Cambridge.jpg/240px-Banner_celebrating_800_years_of_University_of_Cambridge.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Banner_celebrating_800_years_of_University_of_Cambridge.jpg/360px-Banner_celebrating_800_years_of_University_of_Cambridge.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Banner_celebrating_800_years_of_University_of_Cambridge.jpg/480px-Banner_celebrating_800_years_of_University_of_Cambridge.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">2009 Banner celebrating 800 years of University of Cambridge</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Cambridge&action=edit&section=56" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 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href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Constabulary" title="Cambridge University Constabulary">Cambridge University Constabulary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_primates" title="Cambridge University primates">Cambridge University primates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_the_University_of_Cambridge" title="Coat of arms of the University of Cambridge">Coat of arms of the University of Cambridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_medieval_universities" title="List of medieval universities">List of medieval universities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Nobel_laureates_by_university_affiliation" title="List of Nobel laureates by university affiliation">List of Nobel laureates affiliated with the University of Cambridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_organisations_and_institutions_associated_with_the_University_of_Cambridge" title="List of organisations and institutions associated with the University of Cambridge">List of organisations and institutions associated with the University of Cambridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_organisations_with_a_British_royal_charter" title="List of organisations with a British royal charter">List of organisations with a British royal charter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_professorships_at_the_University_of_Cambridge" title="List of professorships at the University of Cambridge">List of professorships at the University of Cambridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_universities_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of universities in the United Kingdom">List of universities in the United Kingdom</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Cambridge&action=edit&section=57" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-lower-alpha" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a> Refers to operational estate owned by the university, including the 550-hectare (1,400-acre) University Farm<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a> but not including college-owned property or investment properties </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a> Includes those who indicate that they identify as <a href="/wiki/British_Asian" class="mw-redirect" title="British Asian">Asian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Black_British_people" title="Black British people">Black</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mixed_(United_Kingdom_ethnicity_category)" title="Mixed (United Kingdom ethnicity category)">Mixed Heritage</a>, <a href="/wiki/British_Arabs" title="British Arabs">Arab</a> or any other ethnicity except White. </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><a href="#cite_ref-115">^</a> Calculated from the Polar4 measure, using Quintile1, in England and Wales. Calculated from the Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation (SIMD) measure, using SIMD20, in Scotland. </li> </ol></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Cambridge&action=edit&section=58" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Cambridge&action=edit&section=59" title="Edit section: Citations">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation book cs1">Record of the Jubilee Celebrations of the University of Sydney. <a href="/wiki/Sydney" title="Sydney">Sydney</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_South_Wales" title="New South Wales">New South Wales</a>: William Brooks and Co. 1903. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781112213304" title="Special:BookSources/9781112213304"><bdi>9781112213304</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Record+of+the+Jubilee+Celebrations+of+the+University+of+Sydney&rft.place=Sydney%2C+New+South+Wales&rft.pub=William+Brooks+and+Co.&rft.date=1903&rft.isbn=9781112213304&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Cambridge" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite 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Springer. pp. 95–115. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2F978-94-007-0047-5_6">10.1007/978-94-007-0047-5_6</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-94-007-0046-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-94-007-0046-8"><bdi>978-94-007-0046-8</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1571-0378">1571-0378</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210607211616/https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007%2F978-94-007-0047-5_6">Archived</a> from the original on 7 June 2021. 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Cambridge University Press. p. 3. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-43978-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-43978-7"><bdi>978-0-521-43978-7</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230927184430/https://books.google.com/books?id=xvScOaG7mHYC">Archived</a> from the original on 27 September 2023. 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The English Historical Review. 127 (528): 1041–1062. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fehr%2Fces209">10.1093/ehr/ces209</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/23272738">23272738</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230301163530/https://www.jstor.org/stable/23272738">Archived</a> from the original on 1 March 2023. 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My rapist is still in my college'</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200815025105/https://www.varsity.co.uk/news/16576">Archived</a> 15 August 2020 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>," Varsity News, 16 November 2018. </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a> "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.varsity.co.uk/news/17737">She reported her rape to the University, then it was dismissed: How a second student's complaint was stopped in its tracks</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200926121304/https://www.varsity.co.uk/news/17737">Archived</a> 26 September 2020 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>," Varsity News, 28 July 2019. </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a> Rosie Bradbury, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.varsity.co.uk/news/17750">Cambridge graduate suing University over handling of sexual misconduct complaint</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201111180549/https://www.varsity.co.uk/news/17750">Archived</a> 11 November 2020 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>," Varsity News, 13 August 2019. </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a> James Tapper, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/education/2020/feb/22/cambridge-university-sexual-misconduct-cases">Students slam Cambridge over handling of sexual misconduct cases</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200913034214/https://www.theguardian.com/education/2020/feb/22/cambridge-university-sexual-misconduct-cases">Archived</a> 13 September 2020 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>", The Guardian, 22 February 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFirth_Green2002" class="citation book cs1">Firth Green, Richard (2002). 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Cambridge University Press. pp. 179–180. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-13745-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-13745-4"><bdi>978-0-521-13745-4</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230927184939/https://books.google.com/books?id=JSi0S7aH320C">Archived</a> from the original on 27 September 2023. 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Retrieved 10 June 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Prof+Sarah+Cleaveland&rft.pub=Southern+African+Centre+for+Infectious+Disease+Surveillance&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sacids.org%2Fkms%2Ffrontend%2F%3Fl%3D389&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Cambridge" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-209"><a href="#cite_ref-209">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121020090024/http://www.jbs.cam.ac.uk/execed/aboutus/whycambridge/index.html">"Why Cambridge?"</a>. Cambridge Judge Business School. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jbs.cam.ac.uk/execed/aboutus/whycambridge/index.html">the original</a> on 20 October 2012. Retrieved 9 May 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Why+Cambridge%3F&rft.pub=Cambridge+Judge+Business+School&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jbs.cam.ac.uk%2Fexeced%2Faboutus%2Fwhycambridge%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Cambridge" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-210"><a href="#cite_ref-210">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141227134549/http://www.lib.cam.ac.uk/exhibitions/Cromwell/cromwell.kiosk.htm">"'A brave bad man': Oliver Cromwell, 1599–1658"</a>. Cambridge University Library. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lib.cam.ac.uk/exhibitions/Cromwell/cromwell.kiosk.htm">the original</a> on 27 December 2014. Retrieved 9 May 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%27A+brave+bad+man%27%3A+Oliver+Cromwell%2C+1599%E2%80%931658&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Library&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lib.cam.ac.uk%2Fexhibitions%2FCromwell%2Fcromwell.kiosk.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Cambridge" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-211"><a href="#cite_ref-211">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cam.ac.uk/international/research/usa.html">"International Cambridge – United States of America"</a>. University of Cambridge. 29 March 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120905204229/http://www.cam.ac.uk/international/research/usa.html">Archived</a> from the original on 5 September 2012. Retrieved 2 September 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=International+Cambridge+%E2%80%93+United+States+of+America&rft.pub=University+of+Cambridge&rft.date=2012-03-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cam.ac.uk%2Finternational%2Fresearch%2Fusa.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Cambridge" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-212"><a href="#cite_ref-212">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/oi/authority.20110803100517654">"Soler Halle"</a>. Oxford Reference. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210606125900/https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/oi/authority.20110803100517654">Archived</a> from the original on 6 June 2021. Retrieved 15 September 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Oxford+Reference&rft.atitle=Soler+Halle&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxfordreference.com%2Fview%2F10.1093%2Foi%2Fauthority.20110803100517654&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Cambridge" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-213"><a href="#cite_ref-213">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&d=EP19321224.2.33.5">"They were defeated"</a>. Evening Post. Wellington, NZ. 24 December 1932. p. 7. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110921022121/http://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&d=EP19321224.2.33.5">Archived</a> from the original on 21 September 2011. Retrieved 7 October 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Evening+Post&rft.atitle=They+were+defeated&rft.pages=7&rft.date=1932-12-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpaperspast.natlib.govt.nz%2Fcgi-bin%2Fpaperspast%3Fa%3Dd%26d%3DEP19321224.2.33.5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Cambridge" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-214"><a href="#cite_ref-214">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCrowley1994" class="citation book cs1">Crowley, Joseph N. (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/noequalinworlda00crow">No equal in the world: an interpretation of the academic presidency</a>. Reno, NV: University of Nevada Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/noequalinworlda00crow/page/167">167</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87417-237-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-87417-237-9"><bdi>978-0-87417-237-9</bdi></a>. Retrieved 25 February 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=No+equal+in+the+world%3A+an+interpretation+of+the+academic+presidency&rft.place=Reno%2C+NV&rft.pages=167&rft.pub=University+of+Nevada+Press&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-0-87417-237-9&rft.aulast=Crowley&rft.aufirst=Joseph+N.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fnoequalinworlda00crow&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Cambridge" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-215"><a href="#cite_ref-215">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCox2016" class="citation news cs1">Cox, David (22 March 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/cities/2016/mar/22/china-cambridge-university-poet-xu-zhimo-farewell-property">"Poetry or property punts: what's driving China's love affair with Cambridge?"</a>. The Guardian. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077">0261-3077</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201108092926/http://www.theguardian.com/cities/2016/mar/22/china-cambridge-university-poet-xu-zhimo-farewell-property">Archived</a> from the original on 8 November 2020. Retrieved 23 August 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Poetry+or+property+punts%3A+what%27s+driving+China%27s+love+affair+with+Cambridge%3F&rft.date=2016-03-22&rft.issn=0261-3077&rft.aulast=Cox&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fcities%2F2016%2Fmar%2F22%2Fchina-cambridge-university-poet-xu-zhimo-farewell-property&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Cambridge" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Cambridge&action=edit&section=60" title="Edit section: Sources">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTaylor1994" class="citation book cs1">Taylor, Kevin (1994). Central Cambridge: A Guide to the University and Colleges. Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-45913-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-45913-6"><bdi>978-0-521-45913-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Central+Cambridge%3A+A+Guide+to+the+University+and+Colleges&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-0-521-45913-6&rft.aulast=Taylor&rft.aufirst=Kevin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Cambridge" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Cambridge&action=edit&section=61" title="Edit section: Bibliography">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Anonymous (2009) [1790]. A Concise and Accurate Description of the University, Town and County of Cambridge. Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-108-00065-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-108-00065-9"><bdi>978-1-108-00065-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Concise+and+Accurate+Description+of+the+University%2C+Town+and+County+of+Cambridge&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1-108-00065-9&rft.au=Anonymous&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Cambridge" class="Z3988"></li> <li>Brooke, Christopher N. L. (1988–2004). A History of the University of Cambridge. Cambridge University Press, 4 vols., <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-32882-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-32882-9">0-521-32882-9</a>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-35059-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-35059-X">0-521-35059-X</a>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-35060-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-35060-3">0-521-35060-3</a>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-34350-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-34350-X">0-521-34350-X</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Deacon, Richard (1985). The Cambridge Apostles: A History of Cambridge University's Elite Intellectual Secret Society. Cassell. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-947728-13-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-947728-13-7"><bdi>978-0-947728-13-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+Apostles%3A+A+History+of+Cambridge+University%27s+Elite+Intellectual+Secret+Society&rft.pub=Cassell&rft.date=1985&rft.isbn=978-0-947728-13-7&rft.aulast=Deacon&rft.aufirst=Richard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Cambridge" class="Z3988"></li> <li>Garrett, Martin (2004). Cambridge: A Cultural and Literary History, Signal Books. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-902669-79-7" title="Special:BookSources/1-902669-79-7">1-902669-79-7</a></li> <li>Koyama, Noboru; Ruxton, Ian, transl. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090217225922/http://www.dhs.kyutech.ac.jp/~ruxton/hatenkou.html">"Japanese Students at Cambridge University in the Meiji Era, 1868–1912: Pioneers for the Modernization of Japan"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dhs.kyutech.ac.jp/~ruxton/hatenkou.html">the original</a> on 17 February 2009. Retrieved 8 August 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Japanese+Students+at+Cambridge+University+in+the+Meiji+Era%2C+1868%E2%80%931912%3A+Pioneers+for+the+Modernization+of+Japan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dhs.kyutech.ac.jp%2F~ruxton%2Fhatenkou.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Cambridge" class="Z3988">, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050214195620/http://www.prweb.com/releases/2005/1/prweb201396.htm">A Translation from a Japanese Original</a>. Lulu Press. 2004. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4116-1256-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4116-1256-3"><bdi>978-1-4116-1256-3</bdi></a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.prweb.com/releases/2005/1/prweb201396.htm">the original</a> on 14 February 2005.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Translation+from+a+Japanese+Original&rft.pub=Lulu+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-1-4116-1256-3&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.prweb.com%2Freleases%2F2005%2F1%2Fprweb201396.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Cambridge" class="Z3988"> This book includes information about the wooden spoon and the university in the 19th century as well as the Japanese students.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Leader, Damien (1988–2004). A History of the University of Cambridge. Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-32882-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-32882-1"><bdi>978-0-521-32882-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+the+University+of+Cambridge&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1988%2F2004&rft.isbn=978-0-521-32882-1&rft.aulast=Leader&rft.aufirst=Damien&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Cambridge" class="Z3988"></li> <li>Lee, John S. and Christian Steer, eds, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://boydellandbrewer.com/9781783273348/commemoration-in-medieval-cambridge/">Commemoration in Medieval Cambridge</a> History of the University of Cambridge, Boydell, 2018. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-78327-334-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-78327-334-8">978-1-78327-334-8</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Leedham-Green, Elisabeth (1996). A Concise History of the University of Cambridge. Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-43978-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-43978-7"><bdi>978-0-521-43978-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Concise+History+of+the+University+of+Cambridge&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-0-521-43978-7&rft.aulast=Leedham-Green&rft.aufirst=Elisabeth&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Cambridge" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Tim_Rawle" title="Tim Rawle">Rawle, Tim</a> (2016). <a href="/wiki/John_Adamson_(publisher)" title="John Adamson (publisher)">Adamson, John</a> (ed.). <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_(book)" title="Cambridge (book)">Cambridge</a>. Oxbridge Portfolio. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9572867-2-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-9572867-2-6"><bdi>978-0-9572867-2-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cambridge&rft.pub=Oxbridge+Portfolio&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-0-9572867-2-6&rft.aulast=Rawle&rft.aufirst=Tim&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Cambridge" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Smith, J.; Stray, C. (2001). Teaching and Learning in 19th-Century Cambridge. Boydell Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-85115-783-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-85115-783-2"><bdi>978-0-85115-783-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Teaching+and+Learning+in+19th-Century+Cambridge&rft.pub=Boydell+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-85115-783-2&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=J.&rft.au=Stray%2C+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Cambridge" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Stubbings, Frank (1995). Bedders, Bulldogs and Bedells: A Cambridge Glossary. Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-47978-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-47978-3"><bdi>978-0-521-47978-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bedders%2C+Bulldogs+and+Bedells%3A+A+Cambridge+Glossary&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-0-521-47978-3&rft.aulast=Stubbings&rft.aufirst=Frank&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Cambridge" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Webb, Grayden (2005). The History of the University of Cambridge and Education in England. Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-32882-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-32882-1"><bdi>978-0-521-32882-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+History+of+the+University+of+Cambridge+and+Education+in+England&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-521-32882-1&rft.aulast=Webb&rft.aufirst=Grayden&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Cambridge" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Willis_(engineer)" title="Robert Willis (engineer)">Willis, Robert</a> (1988). <a href="/wiki/John_Willis_Clark" title="John Willis Clark">Clark, John Willis</a> (ed.). The Architectural History of the University of Cambridge and of the Colleges of Cambridge and Eton. Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-35851-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-35851-4"><bdi>978-0-521-35851-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Architectural+History+of+the+University+of+Cambridge+and+of+the+Colleges+of+Cambridge+and+Eton&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=978-0-521-35851-4&rft.aulast=Willis&rft.aufirst=Robert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Cambridge" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Cambridge&action=edit&section=62" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 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data-file-height="430" /></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a> has the text of an 1879 <a href="/wiki/American_Cyclop%C3%A6dia" class="mw-redirect" title="American Cyclopædia">American Cyclopædia</a> article about <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_American_Cyclop%C3%A6dia_(1879)/Cambridge,_University_of" class="extiw" title="s:The American Cyclopædia (1879)/Cambridge, University of">University of Cambridge</a>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cam.ac.uk/">Official website</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35794#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" 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abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:University_of_Cambridge" title="Template:University of Cambridge"><abbr title="View this template" style="color: white">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:University_of_Cambridge" title="Template talk:University of Cambridge"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color: white">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:University_of_Cambridge" title="Special:EditPage/Template:University of Cambridge"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color: white">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="University_of_Cambridge" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">University of Cambridge</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#106470; color: white;;width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_chancellors_of_the_University_of_Cambridge" title="List of chancellors of the University of Cambridge">Chancellor</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/David_Sainsbury,_Baron_Sainsbury_of_Turville" title="David Sainsbury, Baron Sainsbury of Turville">David Sainsbury, Baron Sainsbury of Turville</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_vice-chancellors_of_the_University_of_Cambridge" title="List of vice-chancellors of the University of Cambridge">Vice-Chancellor</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deborah_Prentice" title="Deborah Prentice">Deborah Prentice</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_University_of_Cambridge_people" title="List of University of Cambridge people">List of University of Cambridge people</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="8" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_Arms_of_the_University_of_Cambridge.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Coat_of_Arms_of_the_University_of_Cambridge.svg/75px-Coat_of_Arms_of_the_University_of_Cambridge.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Coat_of_Arms_of_the_University_of_Cambridge.svg/113px-Coat_of_Arms_of_the_University_of_Cambridge.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Coat_of_Arms_of_the_University_of_Cambridge.svg/150px-Coat_of_Arms_of_the_University_of_Cambridge.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="2339" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#106470; color: white;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Colleges_of_the_University_of_Cambridge" title="Colleges of the University of Cambridge">Colleges</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christ%27s_College,_Cambridge" title="Christ's College, Cambridge">Christ's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Churchill_College,_Cambridge" title="Churchill College, Cambridge">Churchill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clare_College,_Cambridge" title="Clare College, Cambridge">Clare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clare_Hall,_Cambridge" title="Clare Hall, Cambridge">Clare Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corpus_Christi_College,_Cambridge" title="Corpus Christi College, Cambridge">Corpus Christi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darwin_College,_Cambridge" title="Darwin College, Cambridge">Darwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Downing_College,_Cambridge" title="Downing College, Cambridge">Downing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_College,_Cambridge" title="Emmanuel College, Cambridge">Emmanuel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fitzwilliam_College,_Cambridge" title="Fitzwilliam College, Cambridge">Fitzwilliam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Girton_College,_Cambridge" title="Girton College, Cambridge">Girton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gonville_and_Caius_College,_Cambridge" title="Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge">Gonville and Caius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homerton_College,_Cambridge" title="Homerton College, Cambridge">Homerton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hughes_Hall,_Cambridge" title="Hughes Hall, Cambridge">Hughes Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_College,_Cambridge" title="Jesus College, Cambridge">Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King%27s_College,_Cambridge" title="King's College, Cambridge">King’s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucy_Cavendish_College,_Cambridge" title="Lucy Cavendish College, Cambridge">Lucy Cavendish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magdalene_College,_Cambridge" title="Magdalene College, Cambridge">Magdalene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murray_Edwards_College,_Cambridge" title="Murray Edwards College, Cambridge">Murray Edwards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newnham_College,_Cambridge" title="Newnham College, Cambridge">Newnham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pembroke_College,_Cambridge" title="Pembroke College, Cambridge">Pembroke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peterhouse,_Cambridge" title="Peterhouse, Cambridge">Peterhouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queens%27_College,_Cambridge" title="Queens' College, Cambridge">Queens’</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robinson_College,_Cambridge" title="Robinson College, Cambridge">Robinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Catharine%27s_College,_Cambridge" title="St Catharine's College, Cambridge">St Catharine’s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Edmund%27s_College,_Cambridge" title="St Edmund's College, Cambridge">St Edmund’s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_John%27s_College,_Cambridge" title="St John's College, Cambridge">St John’s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selwyn_College,_Cambridge" title="Selwyn College, Cambridge">Selwyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidney_Sussex_College,_Cambridge" title="Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge">Sidney Sussex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinity_College,_Cambridge" title="Trinity College, Cambridge">Trinity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinity_Hall,_Cambridge" title="Trinity Hall, Cambridge">Trinity Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolfson_College,_Cambridge" title="Wolfson College, Cambridge">Wolfson</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#106470; color: white;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_institutions_of_the_University_of_Cambridge" title="List of institutions of the University of Cambridge">Faculties and departments, by school</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#28828A; color: white;;width:1%">Arts and Humanities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Faculty_of_English,_University_of_Cambridge" title="Faculty of English, University of Cambridge">English</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Anglo-Saxon,_Norse_and_Celtic,_University_of_Cambridge" title="Department of Anglo-Saxon, Norse and Celtic, University of Cambridge">Anglo-Saxon Norse and Celtic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Architecture,_University_of_Cambridge" title="Department of Architecture, University of Cambridge">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centre_for_Research_in_the_Arts,_Social_Sciences_and_Humanities" title="Centre for Research in the Arts, Social Sciences and Humanities">CRASSH</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Centre_for_the_Study_of_Existential_Risk" title="Centre for the Study of Existential Risk">Existential Risk</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faculty_of_Classics,_University_of_Cambridge" title="Faculty of Classics, University of Cambridge">Classics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faculty_of_Divinity,_University_of_Cambridge" title="Faculty of Divinity, University of Cambridge">Divinity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faculty_of_Music,_University_of_Cambridge" title="Faculty of Music, University of Cambridge">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faculty_of_Philosophy,_University_of_Cambridge" title="Faculty of Philosophy, University of Cambridge">Philosophy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#28828A; color: white;;width:1%">Biological sciences</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Genetics,_University_of_Cambridge" title="Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge">Genetics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gurdon_Institute" title="Gurdon Institute">Gurdon Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Physiology,_Development_and_Neuroscience,_University_of_Cambridge" title="Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge">Physiology, Development and Neuroscience</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Plant_Sciences,_University_of_Cambridge" title="Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge">Plant Sciences</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Botanic_Garden" title="Cambridge University Botanic Garden">Botanic Garden</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sainsbury_Laboratory_Cambridge_University" title="Sainsbury Laboratory Cambridge University">Sainsbury Laboratory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wellcome%E2%80%93MRC_Cambridge_Stem_Cell_Institute" title="Wellcome–MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute">Stem Cell Institute</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#28828A; color: white;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/School_of_Clinical_Medicine,_University_of_Cambridge" title="School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge">Clinical Medicine</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Autism_Research_Centre" title="Autism Research Centre">Autism Research Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MRC_Cancer_Unit" title="MRC Cancer Unit">Cancer Unit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MRC_Cognition_and_Brain_Sciences_Unit" title="MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit">Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MRC_Mitochondrial_Biology_Unit" title="MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit">Mitochondrial Biology Unit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Oncology,_University_of_Cambridge" class="mw-redirect" title="Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge">Oncology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolfson_Brain_Imaging_Centre" title="Wolfson Brain Imaging Centre">Brain Imaging Centre</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#28828A; color: white;;width:1%">Humanities and Social sciences</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Faculty_of_Economics,_University_of_Cambridge" title="Faculty of Economics, University of Cambridge">Economics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faculty_of_Education,_University_of_Cambridge" title="Faculty of Education, University of Cambridge">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faculty_of_History,_University_of_Cambridge" title="Faculty of History, University of Cambridge">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_History_and_Philosophy_of_Science,_University_of_Cambridge" title="Department of History and Philosophy of Science, University of Cambridge">History and Philosophy of Science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faculty_of_Human,_Social,_and_Political_Science,_University_of_Cambridge" title="Faculty of Human, Social, and Political Science, University of Cambridge">Human, Social, and Political Science</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/McDonald_Institute_for_Archaeological_Research" title="McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research">Archaeological Research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Politics_and_International_Studies,_University_of_Cambridge" title="Department of Politics and International Studies, University of Cambridge">Politics and International Studies</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faculty_of_Law,_University_of_Cambridge" title="Faculty of Law, University of Cambridge">Law</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cambridge_Institute_of_Criminology" title="Cambridge Institute of Criminology">Criminology</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#28828A; color: white;;width:1%">Physical sciences</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Institute_of_Astronomy,_Cambridge" title="Institute of Astronomy, Cambridge">Astronomy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yusuf_Hamied_Department_of_Chemistry" title="Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry">Chemistry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Earth_Sciences,_University_of_Cambridge" title="Department of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge">Earth Sciences</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Godwin_Laboratory,_University_of_Cambridge" title="Godwin Laboratory, University of Cambridge">Palaeoclimate Research</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Geography,_University_of_Cambridge" title="Department of Geography, University of Cambridge">Geography</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Scott_Polar_Research_Institute" title="Scott Polar Research Institute">Scott Polar Research Institute</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_Newton_Institute" title="Isaac Newton Institute">Mathematical Sciences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faculty_of_Mathematics,_University_of_Cambridge" title="Faculty of Mathematics, University of Cambridge">Mathematics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Centre_for_Theoretical_Cosmology" title="Centre for Theoretical Cosmology">Theoretical Cosmology</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Materials_Science_and_Metallurgy,_University_of_Cambridge" title="Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge">Materials Science and Metallurgy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cavendish_Laboratory" title="Cavendish Laboratory">Physics</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#28828A; color: white;;width:1%">Technology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cambridge_Judge_Business_School" title="Cambridge Judge Business School">Business School</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cambridge_Centre_for_Alternative_Finance" title="Cambridge Centre for Alternative Finance">Alternative Finance</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Chemical_Engineering_and_Biotechnology,_University_of_Cambridge" title="Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge">Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Computer_Science_and_Technology,_University_of_Cambridge" title="Department of Computer Science and Technology, University of Cambridge">Computer Science and Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Engineering,_University_of_Cambridge" title="Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge">Engineering</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Institute_for_Manufacturing" title="Institute for Manufacturing">Manufacturing</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#28828A; color: white;;width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ADC_Theatre" title="ADC Theatre">ADC Theatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Cambridge_Institute_of_Continuing_Education" title="University of Cambridge Institute of Continuing Education">Institute of Continuing Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Library" title="Cambridge University Library">Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Press</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Cambridge_University_Press_journals" title="List of Cambridge University Press journals">journals</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#106470; color: white;;width:1%">Student life</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Students%27_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Cambridge University Students' Union">Students' Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Cambridge_Graduate_Union" title="University of Cambridge Graduate Union">Graduate Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Air_Squadron" title="Cambridge University Air Squadron">Air Squadron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Amateur_Dramatic_Club" title="Cambridge University Amateur Dramatic Club">Amateur Dramatic Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambridge_Apostles" title="Cambridge Apostles">Apostles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BlueSci" title="BlueSci">BlueSci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cam_FM" title="Cam FM">Cam FM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambridge_Inter-Collegiate_Christian_Union" title="Cambridge Inter-Collegiate Christian Union">Christian Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Conservative_Association" title="Cambridge University Conservative Association">Conservatives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Footlights" title="Footlights">Footlights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_Week" title="May Week">May Week</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_Ball" class="mw-redirect" title="May Ball">May Ball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Labour_Club" title="Cambridge University Labour Club">Labour Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Liberal_Association" title="Cambridge University Liberal Association">Liberal Democrats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Light_Entertainment_Society" title="Cambridge University Light Entertainment Society">Light Entertainment Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Moral_Sciences_Club" title="Cambridge University Moral Sciences Club">Moral Sciences Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Musical_Society" title="Cambridge University Musical Society">Musical Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambridge_Philosophical_Society" title="Cambridge Philosophical Society">Philosophical Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Railway_Club" title="Cambridge University Railway Club">Railway Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambridge_SCA" title="Cambridge SCA">SCA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CU_Spaceflight" title="CU Spaceflight">Spaceflight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambridge_Union" title="Cambridge Union">Union Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Wine_Society" title="Cambridge University Wine Society">Cambridge University Wine Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varsity_(Cambridge)" title="Varsity (Cambridge)">Varsity (student newspaper)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Mays" title="The Mays">The Mays</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#106470; color: white;;width:1%">Sport</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_A.F.C." title="Cambridge University A.F.C.">Association football</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cambridge_rules" title="Cambridge rules">Rules</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Australian_Rules_Football_Club" title="Cambridge University Australian Rules Football Club">Aussie Rules</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Amateur_Boxing_Club" title="Cambridge University Amateur Boxing Club">Boxing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Cricket_Club" title="Cambridge University Cricket Club">Cricket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Hare_and_Hounds" title="Cambridge University Hare and Hounds">Cross Country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambridge_Dancers%27_Club" title="Cambridge Dancers' Club">Dancing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Golf_Club" title="Cambridge University Golf Club">Golf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Handball_Club" title="Cambridge University Handball Club">Handball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Ice_Hockey_Club" title="Cambridge University Ice Hockey Club">Ice Hockey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Real_Tennis_Club" title="Cambridge University Real Tennis Club">Real Tennis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rifle_shooting_at_Cambridge_University" title="Rifle shooting at Cambridge University">Rifle shooting</a></li> <li>Rowing <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Boat_Club" title="Cambridge University Boat Club">Openweight Men (CUBC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Lightweight_Rowing_Club" title="Cambridge University Lightweight Rowing Club">Lightweight Men (CULRC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Women%27s_Boat_Club" title="Cambridge University Women's Boat Club">Women (CUWBC)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_R.U.F.C." title="Cambridge University R.U.F.C.">Rugby union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Lawn_Tennis_Club" title="Cambridge University Lawn Tennis Club">Tennis</a></li></ul> <ul><li>Competitions <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cuppers" title="Cuppers">Cuppers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Boat_Race" title="The Boat Race">The Boat Race</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_Boat_Race" title="Women's Boat Race">Women's Boat Race</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henley_Boat_Races" title="Henley Boat Races">Henley Boat Races</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Varsity_Polo_Match" title="The Varsity Polo Match">The Varsity Polo Match</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_League_Varsity_Match" title="Rugby League Varsity Match">Rugby League Varsity Match</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Varsity_Match" title="The Varsity Match">Rugby Union Varsity Match</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_University_Match_(cricket)" title="The University Match (cricket)">University Cricket Match</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_Golf_Match" title="University Golf Match">University Golf Match</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#106470; color: white;;width:1%">Affiliates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Turing_Institute" title="Alan Turing Institute">Alan Turing Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambridge_Theological_Federation" title="Cambridge Theological Federation">Cambridge Theological Federation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Health_Partners" title="Cambridge University Health Partners">Cambridge University Health Partners</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Hospitals_NHS_Foundation_Trust" title="Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust">Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambridgeshire_and_Peterborough_NHS_Foundation_Trust" title="Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust">Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Papworth_Hospital_NHS_Foundation_Trust" title="Royal Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust">Royal Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust</a></li></ul></li> <li>Partner institutions <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Animal_Health_Trust" title="Animal Health Trust">Animal Health Trust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Babraham_Institute" title="Babraham Institute">Babraham Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Antarctic_Survey" title="British Antarctic Survey">British Antarctic Survey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambridge_Crystallographic_Data_Centre" title="Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre">CCDC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Bioinformatics_Institute" title="European Bioinformatics Institute">EMBL-EBI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laboratory_of_Molecular_Biology" class="mw-redirect" title="Laboratory of Molecular Biology">Laboratory of Molecular Biology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Institute_of_Agricultural_Botany" title="National Institute of Agricultural Botany">NIAB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wellcome_Sanger_Institute" title="Wellcome Sanger Institute">Wellcome Sanger Institute</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#106470; color: white;;width:1%">Museums</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fitzwilliam_Museum" title="Fitzwilliam Museum">Fitzwilliam Museum</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hamilton_Kerr_Institute" title="Hamilton Kerr Institute">Hamilton Kerr Institute</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kettle%27s_Yard" title="Kettle's Yard">Kettle's Yard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Archaeology_and_Anthropology,_University_of_Cambridge" title="Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology, University of Cambridge">Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Classical_Archaeology,_Cambridge" title="Museum of Classical Archaeology, Cambridge">Museum of Classical Archaeology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Museum_of_Zoology" title="Cambridge University Museum of Zoology">Museum of Zoology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sedgwick_Museum_of_Earth_Sciences" title="Sedgwick Museum of Earth Sciences">Sedgwick Museum of Earth Sciences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scott_Polar_Research_Institute#The_Polar_Museum" title="Scott Polar Research Institute">Polar Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whipple_Museum_of_the_History_of_Science" title="Whipple Museum of the History of Science">Whipple Museum of the History of Science</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#106470; color: white;;width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Awards_and_prizes_of_the_University_of_Cambridge" title="Awards and prizes of the University of Cambridge">Awards and prizes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambridge_Zero" title="Cambridge Zero">Cambridge Zero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regent_House" title="Regent House">Regent House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_House,_Cambridge" title="Senate House, Cambridge">Senate House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Council" title="Cambridge University Council">Cambridge University Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fictional_Cambridge_colleges" title="List of fictional Cambridge colleges">Fictional Cambridge colleges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Reporter" title="Cambridge University Reporter">Cambridge University Reporter</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background:#106470; color: white;"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:University_of_Cambridge" title="Category:University of Cambridge">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Links_to_related_articles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;"><div id="Links_to_related_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Links to related articles</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px"> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Universities_in_the_United_Kingdom" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Universities_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Template:Universities in the United Kingdom"><abbr title="View this 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navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">East of England</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anglia_Ruskin_University" title="Anglia Ruskin University">Anglia Ruskin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Bedfordshire" title="University of Bedfordshire">Bedfordshire</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Cambridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cranfield_University" title="Cranfield University">Cranfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_East_Anglia" title="University of East Anglia">East Anglia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Essex" title="University of Essex">Essex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Hertfordshire" title="University of Hertfordshire">Hertfordshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwich_University_of_the_Arts" title="Norwich University of the Arts">Norwich University of the Arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Suffolk" title="University of Suffolk">Suffolk</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_universities_and_higher_education_colleges_in_London" title="List of universities and higher education colleges in London">London</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/University_of_London" title="University of London">University of London</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Birkbeck,_University_of_London" title="Birkbeck, University of London">Birkbeck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brunel_University_of_London" title="Brunel University of London">Brunel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_St_George%27s,_University_of_London" title="City St George's, University of London">City St George's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Courtauld_Institute_of_Art" title="Courtauld Institute of Art">Courtauld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goldsmiths,_University_of_London" title="Goldsmiths, University of London">Goldsmiths</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institute_of_Cancer_Research" title="Institute of Cancer Research">Institute of Cancer Research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King%27s_College_London" title="King's College London">King's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Business_School" title="London Business School">London Business School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_School_of_Economics" title="London School of Economics">LSE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_School_of_Hygiene_%26_Tropical_Medicine" title="London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine">LSHTM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_Mary_University_of_London" title="Queen Mary University of London">Queen Mary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Academy_of_Music" title="Royal Academy of Music">Royal Academy of Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Central_School_of_Speech_and_Drama" title="Royal Central School of Speech and Drama">Royal Central School of Speech and Drama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Holloway,_University_of_London" title="Royal Holloway, University of London">Royal Holloway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Veterinary_College" title="Royal Veterinary College">Royal Veterinary College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/School_of_Advanced_Study" title="School of Advanced Study">School of Advanced Study</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SOAS_University_of_London" title="SOAS University of London">SOAS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_College_London" title="University College London">UCL</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_East_London" title="University of East London">East London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Greenwich" title="University of Greenwich">Greenwich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_College_London" title="Imperial College London">Imperial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingston_University" title="Kingston University">Kingston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Metropolitan_University" title="London Metropolitan University">London Met</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_South_Bank_University" title="London South Bank University">London South Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middlesex_University" title="Middlesex University">Middlesex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northeastern_University_%E2%80%93_London" title="Northeastern University – London">Northeastern University – London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ravensbourne_University_London" title="Ravensbourne University London">Ravensbourne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regent%27s_University_London" title="Regent's University London">Regent's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richmond,_The_American_International_University_in_London" class="mw-redirect" title="Richmond, The American International University in London">Richmond, The American International University in London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_College_of_Art" title="Royal College of Art">Royal College of Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_College_of_Music" title="Royal College of Music">Royal College of Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Roehampton" title="University of Roehampton">Roehampton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Mary%27s_University,_Twickenham" title="St Mary's University, Twickenham">St Mary's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_the_Arts_London" title="University of the Arts London">University of the Arts London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Westminster" title="University of Westminster">Westminster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_West_London" title="University of West London">West London</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Midlands</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aston_University" title="Aston University">Aston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Birmingham" title="University of Birmingham">Birmingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birmingham_City_University" title="Birmingham City University">Birmingham City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bishop_Grosseteste_University" title="Bishop Grosseteste University">Bishop Grosseteste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coventry_University" title="Coventry University">Coventry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De_Montfort_University" title="De Montfort University">De Montfort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Derby" title="University of Derby">Derby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harper_Adams_University" title="Harper Adams University">Harper Adams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keele_University" title="Keele University">Keele</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Leicester" title="University of Leicester">Leicester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Lincoln" title="University of Lincoln">Lincoln</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loughborough_University" title="Loughborough University">Loughborough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newman_University,_Birmingham" class="mw-redirect" title="Newman University, Birmingham">Newman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Northampton" title="University of Northampton">Northampton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Nottingham" title="University of Nottingham">Nottingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nottingham_Trent_University" title="Nottingham Trent University">Nottingham Trent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Staffordshire_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Staffordshire University">Staffordshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_College_Birmingham" title="University College Birmingham">University College Birmingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Warwick" title="University of Warwick">Warwick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Wolverhampton" title="University of Wolverhampton">Wolverhampton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Worcester" title="University of Worcester">Worcester</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">North</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Bolton" title="University of Bolton">Bolton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Bradford" title="University of Bradford">Bradford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Central_Lancashire" title="University of Central Lancashire">Central Lancashire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Chester" title="University of Chester">Chester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Cumbria" title="University of Cumbria">Cumbria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durham_University" title="Durham University">Durham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edge_Hill_University" title="Edge Hill University">Edge Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Huddersfield" title="University of Huddersfield">Huddersfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Hull" title="University of Hull">Hull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lancaster_University" title="Lancaster University">Lancaster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Leeds" title="University of Leeds">Leeds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leeds_Arts_University" title="Leeds Arts University">Leeds Arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leeds_Beckett_University" title="Leeds Beckett University">Leeds Beckett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leeds_Trinity_University" title="Leeds Trinity University">Leeds Trinity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Liverpool" title="University of Liverpool">Liverpool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liverpool_Hope_University" title="Liverpool Hope University">Liverpool Hope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liverpool_John_Moores_University" title="Liverpool John Moores University">Liverpool John Moores</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liverpool_School_of_Tropical_Medicine" title="Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine">LSTM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Manchester" title="University of Manchester">Manchester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manchester_Metropolitan_University" title="Manchester Metropolitan University">Manchester Metropolitan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newcastle_University" title="Newcastle University">Newcastle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northumbria_University" title="Northumbria University">Northumbria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Salford" title="University of Salford">Salford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Sheffield" title="University of Sheffield">Sheffield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheffield_Hallam_University" title="Sheffield Hallam University">Sheffield Hallam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Sunderland" title="University of Sunderland">Sunderland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teesside_University" title="Teesside University">Teesside</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_York" title="University of York">York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/York_St_John_University" title="York St John University">York St. John</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">South</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arts_University_Bournemouth" title="Arts University Bournemouth">Arts University Bournemouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Bath" title="University of Bath">Bath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bath_Spa_University" title="Bath Spa University">Bath Spa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bournemouth_University" title="Bournemouth University">Bournemouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Brighton" title="University of Brighton">Brighton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Bristol" title="University of Bristol">Bristol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Buckingham" title="University of Buckingham">Buckingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buckinghamshire_New_University" title="Buckinghamshire New University">Buckinghamshire New</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canterbury_Christ_Church_University" title="Canterbury Christ Church University">Canterbury Christ Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Chichester" title="University of Chichester">Chichester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_for_the_Creative_Arts" title="University for the Creative Arts">Creative Arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Exeter" title="University of Exeter">Exeter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falmouth_University" title="Falmouth University">Falmouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hartpury_College" title="Hartpury College">Hartpury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Gloucestershire" title="University of Gloucestershire">Gloucestershire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Kent" title="University of Kent">Kent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Oxford" title="University of Oxford">Oxford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxford_Brookes_University" title="Oxford Brookes University">Oxford Brookes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Plymouth" title="University of Plymouth">Plymouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plymouth_Marjon_University" title="Plymouth Marjon University">Plymouth Marjon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arts_University_Plymouth" title="Arts University Plymouth">Arts University Plymouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Portsmouth" title="University of Portsmouth">Portsmouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Reading" title="University of Reading">Reading</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Agricultural_University" title="Royal Agricultural University">Royal Agricultural</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solent_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Solent University">Solent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Southampton" title="University of Southampton">Southampton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Surrey" title="University of Surrey">Surrey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Sussex" title="University of Sussex">Sussex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_the_West_of_England" title="University of the West of England">UWE Bristol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Winchester" title="University of Winchester">Winchester</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_universities_in_Northern_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="List of universities in Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Queen%27s_University_Belfast" title="Queen's University Belfast">Queen's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulster_University" title="Ulster University">Ulster</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_universities_in_Scotland" title="List of universities in Scotland">Scotland</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Aberdeen" title="University of Aberdeen">Aberdeen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abertay_University" title="Abertay University">Abertay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Dundee" title="University of Dundee">Dundee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Edinburgh" title="University of Edinburgh">Edinburgh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edinburgh_Napier_University" title="Edinburgh Napier University">Edinburgh Napier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Glasgow" title="University of Glasgow">Glasgow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glasgow_Caledonian_University" title="Glasgow Caledonian University">Glasgow Caledonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heriot-Watt_University" title="Heriot-Watt University">Heriot-Watt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_the_Highlands_and_Islands" title="University of the Highlands and Islands">Highlands and Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_Margaret_University" title="Queen Margaret University">Queen Margaret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Gordon_University" title="Robert Gordon University">Robert Gordon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Conservatoire_of_Scotland" title="Royal Conservatoire of Scotland">Royal Conservatoire of Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_St_Andrews" title="University of St Andrews">St Andrews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Stirling" title="University of Stirling">Stirling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Strathclyde" title="University of Strathclyde">Strathclyde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_the_West_of_Scotland" title="University of the West of Scotland">West of Scotland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_universities_in_Wales" title="List of universities in Wales">Wales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aberystwyth_University" title="Aberystwyth University">Aberystwyth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangor_University" title="Bangor University">Bangor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cardiff_University" title="Cardiff University">Cardiff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cardiff_Metropolitan_University" title="Cardiff Metropolitan University">Cardiff Metropolitan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_South_Wales" title="University of South Wales">South Wales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swansea_University" title="Swansea University">Swansea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Wales_Trinity_Saint_David" title="University of Wales Trinity Saint David">Wales Trinity Saint David</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wrexham_University" title="Wrexham University">Wrexham</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_universities_in_the_United_Kingdom#Universities_in_British_overseas_territories" title="List of universities in the United Kingdom">Overseas territories</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bermuda_College" title="Bermuda College">Bermuda College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cayman_Islands_Law_School" class="mw-redirect" title="Cayman Islands Law School">Cayman Islands Law School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Gibraltar" title="University of Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_College_of_the_Cayman_Islands" title="International College of the Cayman Islands">International College of the Cayman Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_James_School_of_Medicine" title="Saint James School of Medicine">Saint James School of Medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Matthew%27s_University" title="St. Matthew's University">St. Matthew's University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_College_of_the_Cayman_Islands" title="University College of the Cayman Islands">University College of the Cayman Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Science,_Arts_and_Technology" title="University of Science, Arts and Technology">University of Science, Arts and Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_the_West_Indies_Open_Campus" title="University of the West Indies Open Campus">University of the West Indies Open Campus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_universities_in_the_United_Kingdom#Universities_in_Crown_Dependencies" title="List of universities in the United Kingdom">Crown dependencies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_the_Channel_Islands_in_Guernsey" class="mw-redirect" title="University of the Channel Islands in Guernsey">University of the Channel Islands in Guernsey</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Non-geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arden_University" title="Arden University">Arden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BPP_University" title="BPP University">BPP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Law" title="University of Law">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_London_International_Programmes" class="mw-redirect" title="University of London International Programmes">London International Programmes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_University" title="Open University">Open</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2010_United_Kingdom_student_protests" title="2010 United Kingdom student protests">2010 United Kingdom student protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_UK_universities_by_date_of_foundation" class="mw-redirect" title="List of UK universities by date of foundation">List by date of foundation</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ancient_university" title="Ancient university">Ancient</a>; <a href="/wiki/Third-oldest_university_in_England_debate" title="Third-oldest university in England debate">Third-oldest in England</a>; <a href="/wiki/Red_brick_university" title="Red brick university">Redbrick</a>; <a href="/wiki/Plate_glass_university" title="Plate glass university">Plate glass</a>; <a href="/wiki/Post-1992_university" title="Post-1992 university">Post-1992</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_UK_universities_by_endowment" class="mw-redirect" title="List of UK universities by endowment">List by endowment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_universities_in_the_United_Kingdom_by_enrolment" title="List of universities in the United Kingdom by enrolment">List by enrolment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colleges_within_universities_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Colleges within universities in the United Kingdom">Colleges within universities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_degree_abbreviations" title="British degree abbreviations">Degree abbreviations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Higher_Education_Funding_Council_for_Wales" title="Higher Education Funding Council for Wales">HEFCW</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_for_Students" title="Office for Students">Office for Students</a> (<a href="/wiki/Higher_Education_Funding_Council_for_England" title="Higher Education Funding Council for England">HEFCE</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rankings_of_universities_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Rankings of universities in the United Kingdom">Rankings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Funding_Council" title="Scottish Funding Council">Scottish Funding Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Student_loans_and_grants_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Student loans and grants in the United Kingdom">Student loans and grants in the United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Student_Radio_Association" title="Student Radio Association">Student Radio Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Student_television_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Student television in the United Kingdom">Student television in the United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Student_unionism_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Student unionism in the United Kingdom">Student unionism in the United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuition_fees_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Tuition fees in the United Kingdom">Tuition fees in the United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_undergraduate_degree_classification" title="British undergraduate degree classification">Undergraduate degree classification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UCAS" title="UCAS">UCAS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_and_College_Union" title="University and College Union">University and College Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polytechnic_(United_Kingdom)" title="Polytechnic (United Kingdom)">Polytechnic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Universities_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Category:Universities in the United Kingdom">Category</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/16px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/23px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/31px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/List_of_universities_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of universities in the United Kingdom">List</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Universities_and_colleges_in_the_East_of_England" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Universities_and_colleges_in_the_East_of_England" title="Template:Universities and colleges in the East of England"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Universities_and_colleges_in_the_East_of_England" title="Template talk:Universities and colleges in the East of England"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Universities_and_colleges_in_the_East_of_England" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Universities and colleges in the East of England"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Universities_and_colleges_in_the_East_of_England" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Universities and colleges in the <a href="/wiki/East_of_England" title="East of England">East of England</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Universities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anglia_Ruskin_University" title="Anglia Ruskin University">Anglia Ruskin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Bedfordshire" title="University of Bedfordshire">Bedfordshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BPP_University" title="BPP University">BPP</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Cambridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cranfield_University" title="Cranfield University">Cranfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_East_Anglia" title="University of East Anglia">East Anglia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Essex" title="University of Essex">Essex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Hertfordshire" title="University of Hertfordshire">Hertfordshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwich_University_of_the_Arts" title="Norwich University of the Arts">NUA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Suffolk" title="University of Suffolk">Suffolk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Writtle_University_College" title="Writtle University College">Writtle University College</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other higher education</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_Centre_Peterborough" title="University Centre Peterborough">University Centre Peterborough</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Further Education colleges</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barnfield_College" title="Barnfield College">Barnfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bedford_College,_Bedford" title="Bedford College, Bedford">Bedford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Braintree_College" title="Braintree College">Braintree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambridge_Regional_College" title="Cambridge Regional College">Cambridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Bedfordshire_College" title="Central Bedfordshire College">Central Bedfordshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chelmsford_College" title="Chelmsford College">Chelmsford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colchester_Institute" title="Colchester Institute">Colchester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Easton_%26_Otley_College" class="mw-redirect" title="Easton & Otley College">Easton & Otley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epping_Forest_College" class="mw-redirect" title="Epping Forest College">Epping Forest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Yarmouth_College" class="mw-redirect" title="Great Yarmouth College">Great Yarmouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harlow_College" title="Harlow College">Harlow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hertford_Regional_College" title="Hertford Regional College">Hertford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huntingdonshire_Regional_College" title="Huntingdonshire Regional College">Huntingdonshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lowestoft_College" class="mw-redirect" title="Lowestoft College">Lowestoft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Hertfordshire_College" title="North Hertfordshire College">North Hertfordshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_College_Norwich" title="City College Norwich">Norwich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oaklands_College" title="Oaklands College">Oaklands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peterborough_Regional_College" class="mw-redirect" title="Peterborough Regional College">Peterborough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shuttleworth_College_(Bedfordshire)" title="Shuttleworth College (Bedfordshire)">Shuttleworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Essex_College" title="South Essex College">South Essex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suffolk_New_College" title="Suffolk New College">Suffolk New</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tresham_College_of_Further_and_Higher_Education" title="Tresham College of Further and Higher Education">Tresham College of Further and Higher Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USP_College" title="USP College">USP (Seevic)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/College_of_West_Anglia" title="College of West Anglia">West Anglia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Herts_College" title="West Herts College">West Herts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Suffolk_College" title="West Suffolk College">West Suffolk</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sixth form colleges</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Bedford_Sixth_Form" title="The Bedford Sixth Form">Bedford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Braintree_Sixth_Form" title="Braintree Sixth Form">Braintree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Corby_Sixth_Form" class="mw-redirect" title="The Corby Sixth Form">The Corby Sixth Form</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colchester_Sixth_Form_College" title="Colchester Sixth Form College">Colchester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dereham_Sixth_Form_College" class="mw-redirect" title="Dereham Sixth Form College">Dereham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Norfolk_Sixth_Form_College" title="East Norfolk Sixth Form College">East Norfolk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hills_Road_Sixth_Form_College" title="Hills Road Sixth Form College">Hills Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kimberley_College" title="Kimberley College">Kimberley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_Road_Sixth_Form_College" title="Long Road Sixth Form College">Long Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lowestoft_Sixth_Form_College" title="Lowestoft Sixth Form College">Lowestoft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luton_Sixth_Form_College" title="Luton Sixth Form College">Luton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USP_College" title="USP College">USP (Palmer's)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paston_College" title="Paston College">Paston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sir_Isaac_Newton_Sixth_Form" title="Sir Isaac Newton Sixth Form">Sir Isaac Newton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One_(sixth_form_college)" title="One (sixth form college)">One</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div 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Edinburgh">Edinburgh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Exeter" title="University of Exeter">Exeter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Glasgow" title="University of Glasgow">Glasgow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_College_London" title="Imperial College London">Imperial College London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King%27s_College_London" title="King's College London">King's College London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Leeds" title="University of Leeds">Leeds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Liverpool" title="University of Liverpool">Liverpool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_School_of_Economics" title="London School of Economics">London School of Economics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Manchester" title="University of Manchester">Manchester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newcastle_University" title="Newcastle University">Newcastle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Nottingham" title="University of Nottingham">Nottingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Oxford" title="University of Oxford">Oxford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen%27s_University_Belfast" title="Queen's University Belfast">Queen's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_Mary_University_of_London" title="Queen Mary University of London">Queen Mary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Sheffield" title="University of Sheffield">Sheffield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Southampton" title="University of Southampton">Southampton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_College_London" title="University College London">University College London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Warwick" title="University of Warwick">Warwick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_York" title="University of York">York</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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href="/wiki/Trinity_College_Dublin" title="Trinity College Dublin">Dublin (TCD)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Edinburgh" title="University of Edinburgh">Edinburgh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Freiburg" title="University of Freiburg">Freiburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Geneva" title="University of Geneva">Geneva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruprecht_Karl_University_of_Heidelberg" class="mw-redirect" title="Ruprecht Karl University of Heidelberg">Heidelberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Helsinki" title="University of Helsinki">Helsinki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_College_London" title="Imperial College London">Imperial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Leiden" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Leiden">Leiden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katholieke_Universiteit_Leuven" class="mw-redirect" title="Katholieke Universiteit Leuven">Leuven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lund_University" title="Lund University">Lund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Milan" title="University of Milan">Milan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ludwig_Maximilian_University_of_Munich" title="Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich">LMU Munich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Oxford" title="University of Oxford">Oxford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paris-Saclay_University" title="Paris-Saclay University">Paris-Saclay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sorbonne_University" title="Sorbonne University">Sorbonne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Strasbourg" title="University of Strasbourg">Strasbourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_College_London" title="University College London">UCL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utrecht_University" title="Utrecht University">Utrecht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Zurich" title="University of Zurich">Zurich</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link 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style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35794#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35794#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000121885934">ISNI</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/153568718">VIAF</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/530207/">FAST</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39QH7JmqhpmhP3dcdJKr87qp6">WorldCat</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/7877-3">Germany</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n79018862">United States</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb118680465">France</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb118680465">BnF data</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an36528167">Australia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ko2002102048&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX129948">Spain</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.bnportugal.gov.pt/aut/catbnp/267669">Portugal</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90089895">Norway</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000572414&local_base=nsk10">Croatia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.nlg.gr/cgi-bin/koha/opac-authoritiesdetail.pl?authid=127427">Greece</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/42gjgmvn38gbrb6">Sweden</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810545701005606">Poland</a></li><li><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=494/14242">Vatican</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007526384505171">Israel</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/place/890dbc01-ccd4-483c-aa98-41d5607a8725">MusicBrainz place</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA01319201?l=en">CiNii</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=&role=&nation=&subjectid=500247221">ULAN</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.moma.org/artists/40164">Museum of Modern Art</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/1274228">Trove</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/027706338">IdRef</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=University_of_Cambridge&params=52_12_19_N_0_7_2_E_type:edu_region:GB-CAM">52°12′19″N 0°7′2″E / 52.20528°N 0.11722°E / 52.20528; 0.11722</a>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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