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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Description" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Description"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Description</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Description-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Belayer_responsibilities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Belayer_responsibilities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Belayer responsibilities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Belayer_responsibilities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Communication" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Communication"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Communication</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Communication-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Communication subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Communication-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-US_terminology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#US_terminology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>US terminology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-US_terminology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-UK_terminology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#UK_terminology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>UK terminology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-UK_terminology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Anchoring" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Anchoring"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Anchoring</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Anchoring-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Anchoring subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Anchoring-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Hanging_belay" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hanging_belay"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Hanging belay</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hanging_belay-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Belay_methods" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Belay_methods"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Belay methods</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Belay_methods-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Belay methods subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Belay_methods-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Belay_devices" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Belay_devices"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Belay devices</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Belay_devices-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Self-belay" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Self-belay"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Self-belay</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Self-belay-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Munter_hitch_/_Italian_hitch" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Munter_hitch_/_Italian_hitch"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Munter hitch / Italian hitch</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Munter_hitch_/_Italian_hitch-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Body_belay" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Body_belay"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Body belay</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Body_belay-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Australian_belay" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Australian_belay"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.5</span> <span>Australian belay</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Australian_belay-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon 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href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assurage_(alpinisme_et_escalade)" title="Assurage (alpinisme et escalade) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Assurage (alpinisme et escalade)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menancang" title="Menancang – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Menancang" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assicurazione_(arrampicata)" title="Assicurazione (arrampicata) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Assicurazione (arrampicata)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asekuracja_(wspinaczka)" title="Asekuracja (wspinaczka) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Asekuracja (wspinaczka)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%B0_(%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC)" title="Страховка (альпинизм) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Страховка (альпинизм)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belaying" title="Belaying – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Belaying" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varmistaminen_(kiipeily)" title="Varmistaminen (kiipeily) – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Varmistaminen (kiipeily)" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2626848#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav 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i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about belaying as it relates to climbing. For the <a href="/wiki/Nautical" class="mw-redirect" title="Nautical">nautical</a> term describing the act of making a line fast to a fixed object, see <a href="/wiki/Cleat_(nautical)" title="Cleat (nautical)">Cleat (nautical)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Belaying_pin" title="Belaying pin">Belaying pin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bollard" title="Bollard">Bollard</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Mooring_(watercraft)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mooring (watercraft)">Mooring (watercraft)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Belaying" title="Special:EditPage/Belaying">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Belaying%22">"Belaying"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Belaying%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Belaying%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Belaying%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Belaying%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Belaying%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">December 2009</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Red_Rocks_-_Climbers_on_Physical_Graffiti_-_5.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Red_Rocks_-_Climbers_on_Physical_Graffiti_-_5.jpg/220px-Red_Rocks_-_Climbers_on_Physical_Graffiti_-_5.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Red_Rocks_-_Climbers_on_Physical_Graffiti_-_5.jpg/330px-Red_Rocks_-_Climbers_on_Physical_Graffiti_-_5.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Red_Rocks_-_Climbers_on_Physical_Graffiti_-_5.jpg/440px-Red_Rocks_-_Climbers_on_Physical_Graffiti_-_5.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>A belayer in <a href="/wiki/Red_Rock_Canyon_National_Conservation_Area" title="Red Rock Canyon National Conservation Area">Red Rocks, Nevada</a></figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output 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a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="width:18.0em;padding:0;font-size:95%;line-height:1.3em;"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Climbing" title="Category:Climbing">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/Climbing" title="Climbing">Climbing</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#ddddff;padding-bottom:0.2em;"> Lists</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_climbers_and_mountaineers" title="List of climbers and mountaineers">Climbers</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Piolet_d%27Or" class="mw-redirect" title="Piolet d'Or">Piolet d'Or winners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranking_of_career_IFSC_victories_by_climber" title="Ranking of career IFSC victories by climber">IFSC victories</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climbing_equipment" title="Climbing equipment">Equipment</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_climbing_knots" title="List of climbing knots">Knots</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_rock_climbing" title="History of rock climbing">Historical events</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_grade_milestones_in_rock_climbing" title="List of grade milestones in rock climbing">Grade milestones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eight-thousander" title="Eight-thousander">Eight-thousanders</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_climbing_terms" title="Glossary of climbing terms">Terminology</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#ddddff;padding-bottom:0.2em;"> Types of <a href="/wiki/Rock_climbing" title="Rock climbing">rock climbing</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aid_climbing" title="Aid climbing">Aid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Big_wall_climbing" title="Big wall climbing">Big wall</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Multi-pitch_climbing" title="Multi-pitch climbing">Multi-pitch</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bouldering" title="Bouldering">Bouldering</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bouldering#Highball_bouldering" title="Bouldering">Highball</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Competition_climbing" title="Competition climbing">Competition</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Speed_climbing" title="Speed climbing">Speed</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_climbing" title="Free climbing">Free</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sport_climbing" title="Sport climbing">Sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_climbing" title="Traditional climbing">Traditional</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solo_climbing" title="Solo climbing">Solo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Free_solo_climbing" title="Free solo climbing">Free solo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deep-water_soloing" title="Deep-water soloing">Deep-water solo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rope_solo_climbing" title="Rope solo climbing">Rope solo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Top_rope_climbing" title="Top rope climbing">Top roping</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#ddddff;padding-bottom:0.2em;"> Types of <a href="/wiki/Mountaineering" title="Mountaineering">mountaineering</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alpine_climbing" title="Alpine climbing">Alpine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mixed_climbing" title="Mixed climbing">Mixed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Via_ferrata" title="Via ferrata">Via ferrata</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eight-thousander" title="Eight-thousander">Himalayan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alpine_style" class="mw-redirect" title="Alpine style">Alpine style</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expedition_style" class="mw-redirect" title="Expedition style">Expedition style</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_climbing" title="Ice climbing">Ice</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dry-tooling" title="Dry-tooling">Dry-tooling</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scrambling" title="Scrambling">Scrambling</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hillwalking" class="mw-redirect" title="Hillwalking">Hillwalking</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#ddddff;padding-bottom:0.2em;"> Other types</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buildering" title="Buildering">Buildering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canyoning" title="Canyoning">Canyoning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crane_climbing" title="Crane climbing">Crane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grass_climbing" title="Grass climbing">Grass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rope_access" title="Rope access">Commercial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parkour" title="Parkour">Parkour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pole_climbing" title="Pole climbing">Pole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_hopping" class="mw-redirect" title="Rock hopping">Rock hopping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rooftopping" title="Rooftopping">Rooftopping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roof_and_tunnel_hacking" title="Roof and tunnel hacking">Roof hacking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rope_climbing" title="Rope climbing">Rope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slide_Climbing" class="mw-redirect" title="Slide Climbing">Slide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tree_climbing" title="Tree climbing">Tree</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#ddddff;padding-bottom:0.2em;"> Key actions</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abseiling" title="Abseiling">Abseiling</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Belaying</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lead_climbing" title="Lead climbing">Leading</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Redpoint_(climbing)" title="Redpoint (climbing)">Redpointing</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jumaring" class="mw-redirect" title="Jumaring">Jumaring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self_rescue_(climbing)" title="Self rescue (climbing)">Self rescuing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simul_climbing" class="mw-redirect" title="Simul climbing">Simul climbing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traverse_(climbing)" title="Traverse (climbing)">Traversing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climbing_technique" title="Climbing technique">Techniques</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#ddddff;padding-bottom:0.2em;"> Key terms</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anchor_(climbing)" title="Anchor (climbing)">Anchor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_ascent" title="First ascent">First ascent</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_free_ascent" class="mw-redirect" title="First free ascent">FFA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_female_free_ascent" class="mw-redirect" title="First female free ascent">FFFA</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grade_(climbing)" title="Grade (climbing)">Grade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climbing_route" title="Climbing route">Route</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beta_(climbing)" title="Beta (climbing)">Beta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climbing_guidebook" title="Climbing guidebook">Guide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pitch_(climbing)" title="Pitch (climbing)">Pitch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crack_climbing" title="Crack climbing">Crack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Face_climbing" title="Face climbing">Face</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overhang_(climbing)" title="Overhang (climbing)">Overhang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slab_climbing" title="Slab climbing">Slab</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Climbing_sidebar" title="Template:Climbing sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Climbing_sidebar" title="Template talk:Climbing sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Climbing_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Climbing sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Climbing" title="Climbing">climbing</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mountaineering" title="Mountaineering">mountaineering</a>, <b>belaying</b> comprises techniques used to create friction within a <a href="/wiki/Climbing_protection" class="mw-redirect" title="Climbing protection">climbing protection</a> system, particularly on a <a href="/wiki/Climbing_rope" title="Climbing rope">climbing rope</a>, so that a falling climber does not fall very far.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A climbing partner typically applies tension at the other end of the rope whenever the climber is not moving, and removes the tension from the rope whenever the climber needs more rope to continue climbing. The <b>belay</b> is the place where the belayer is anchored, which is typically on the ground, or on ledge (where it is also called a <b>belay station</b>) but may also be a <b>hanging belay</b> where the belayer themself is suspended from an anchor in the rock on a <a href="/wiki/Multi-pitch_climbing" title="Multi-pitch climbing">multi-pitch climb</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Description">Description</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Belaying&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Description"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Belaying is a critical part of <a href="/wiki/Climbing" title="Climbing">climbing</a> safety. Correct belaying methods allow a belayer to hold the entire weight of the climber with relatively little force and easily arrest falls. </p><p>In its simplest form, a belay consists of a rope that runs from a climber to another person (the belayer) who can stop the climber's fall. In the modern day, most climbers use a variety of gear to belay, notably <a href="/wiki/Climbing_harness" title="Climbing harness">harnesses</a> and <a href="/wiki/Belay_device" title="Belay device">belay devices</a>. Thus, in a typical modern climbing setup, one end of the rope is fixed to the harness of the climber, most often by a <a href="/wiki/Figure-eight_knot" title="Figure-eight knot">figure-eight knot</a>. The rope then passes through some form of <a href="/wiki/Protection_(climbing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Protection (climbing)">climbing protection</a>. Protection may come in the form of fixed protection, such as permanent <a href="/wiki/Piton" title="Piton">pitons</a> or <a href="/wiki/Bolt_(climbing)" title="Bolt (climbing)">bolts</a>, or in the form of removable protection, such as <a href="/wiki/Nut_(climbing)" title="Nut (climbing)">nuts</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hex_(climbing)" title="Hex (climbing)">hexes</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Spring-loaded_camming_device" title="Spring-loaded camming device">spring-loaded camming devices</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:RoyLindmanBelayDevice.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/RoyLindmanBelayDevice.jpg/220px-RoyLindmanBelayDevice.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/RoyLindmanBelayDevice.jpg/330px-RoyLindmanBelayDevice.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/RoyLindmanBelayDevice.jpg/440px-RoyLindmanBelayDevice.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a><figcaption>A demonstration of the belay device with rope and <a href="/wiki/Carabiner" title="Carabiner">carabiner</a> without a proper locking gate</figcaption></figure> <p>The other end of the rope is attached to the belayer, who remains lower than the climber. The belayer wears a harness to which a <a href="/wiki/Belay_device" title="Belay device">belay device</a> is attached. The belay device acts as a friction brake, and allows the belayer to easily vary the amount of friction on the rope by altering the rope's position. In one position, the rope runs freely through the belay device. In another position, it can be held without the rope sliding through the device because of the friction on the rope. This is called "locking off" the rope. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Belaying_tuber.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Belaying_tuber.jpg/170px-Belaying_tuber.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="256" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Belaying_tuber.jpg/255px-Belaying_tuber.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Belaying_tuber.jpg/340px-Belaying_tuber.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="3008" /></a><figcaption>Belay device held in the "locked off" position.</figcaption></figure> <p>While the rope is locked off, the climber's fall should be arrested and they will be left suspended, but safe, somewhere below the last piece of protection. Generally, the climber will not fall any farther than the length between them and their last piece of protection, plus the length of the rope between them and their last piece of protection. That is, if a climber climbs three feet higher than the last piece of protection in the rock, and then falls, the climber will fall six feet in total: three to the protection, and three below that. A <a href="/wiki/Dynamic_rope" title="Dynamic rope">dynamic rope</a> is often used so that the climber is not brought to a sudden jarring stop. </p><p>After a climber falls, the belayer can gently lower the climber to a safe point where climbing can be resumed. When a climber is finished climbing, belayers can lower climbers to the ground safely. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Belayer_responsibilities">Belayer responsibilities</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Belaying&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Belayer responsibilities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Joshua_Tree_-_Lazy_Day_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Joshua_Tree_-_Lazy_Day_1.jpg/170px-Joshua_Tree_-_Lazy_Day_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="254" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Joshua_Tree_-_Lazy_Day_1.jpg/255px-Joshua_Tree_-_Lazy_Day_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Joshua_Tree_-_Lazy_Day_1.jpg/340px-Joshua_Tree_-_Lazy_Day_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="3872" /></a><figcaption>Leader and belayer climbing in <a href="/wiki/Joshua_Tree_National_Park" title="Joshua Tree National Park">Joshua Tree National Park</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The belayer should keep the rope locked off in the <a href="#Belay_devices">belay device</a> whenever the climber is not moving. As the climber moves on the climb, the belayer must make sure that the climber has the right amount of rope by paying out or pulling in excess rope. If the climber falls, they free-fall the distance of the slack or unprotected rope before the friction applied by the belayer starts to slow their descent. Too much slack on the rope increases the distance of a possible fall, but too little slack on the rope may cause the climber to "whip" or swing into the rock at a high velocity, possibly injuring themselves. It is important for the belayer to closely monitor the climber's situation, as the belayer's role is crucial to the climber's safety. </p><p>When belaying on overhanging bolted routes, particularly indoors, belayers often stand well back from the rock so that they can watch the climber more easily. However, when belaying a lead climber who is using traditional protection, can be very dangerous. The belayer should stand near to the bottom of the route in order to decrease the angle of the rope through the first piece of protection. This, in turn, decreases the force pulling it up and out of the rock if the leader falls. Standing too far away from the rock can result in protection <i>unzipping</i>, with the lowest piece being pulled away from the rock, followed by the next, until all of the protection may potentially be pulled out.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Standing too far away from the bottom of the climb also means that if the leader falls, the belayer experiences a sudden pull inwards towards the rock and may be pulled off their feet or into the rock. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Communication">Communication</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Belaying&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Communication"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Communication is also extremely important in belaying. Climbers should wait for verbal confirmation from the belayer that they are ready to begin. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="US_terminology">US terminology</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Belaying&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: US terminology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A climber is said to be "on belay" when they are correctly attached to the rope and the rope is correctly attached to the belayer by an appropriate belay method. Commonly-used commands in US climbing communities are:<sup id="cite_ref-Mountaineering9th_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mountaineering9th-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <td>"On belay?"</td> <td>Asked by the climber to confirm if the belayer is ready. </td></tr> <tr> <td>"Belay on."</td> <td>Said by the belayer to confirm that the belayer is ready and that the climber is on belay. </td></tr> <tr> <td>"Climbing."</td> <td>Said by the climber to indicate they are starting their climb. </td></tr> <tr> <td>"Climb on."</td> <td>Said by the belayer to acknowledge the climber is starting their climb. </td></tr> <tr> <td>"Off belay."</td> <td>Said by the climber to indicate they are safe, either on the ground or attached to an anchor, and do not need to be on belay. </td></tr> <tr> <td>"Belay off."</td> <td>Said by the belayer to indicate the climber is no longer on belay. </td></tr> <tr> <td>"Take."</td> <td>Said by the climber to tell the belayer to remove the slack from the rope, and warn that the climber is going to put weight on the rope. </td></tr> <tr> <td>"Got you."</td> <td>Said by the belayer to confirm that the slack has been removed from the rope and they are ready for the climber's weight. </td></tr> <tr> <td>"Give me slack."/"Slack."</td> <td>Said by the climber to request more slack (less tension) in the rope. </td></tr> <tr> <td>"Lower me."/"Lower."</td> <td>Said by the climber to indicate that they are finished with their climb and would like the belayer to lower them to the ground. </td></tr> <tr> <td>"Lowering."</td> <td>Said by the belayer to confirm that they will lower the climber. </td></tr> <tr> <td>"Watch me."</td> <td>Said by the climber to request special attention from the belayer and indicate they may fall. </td></tr> <tr> <td>"Falling!"</td> <td>Said by the climber when falling. </td></tr> <tr> <td>"Rock!"</td> <td>Said by anybody when they see a falling rock. It is best practice that everyone in the climbing area repeat this when they hear it. </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p>At times, it may be impossible for climbing partners to hear one another, as in bad weather, by the sea, or near a busy road. Silent belay communication is possible by tugging the rope. These are not standardized and should be communicated between the belayer and the climber prior to the climb. <a href="/wiki/Walkie-talkie" title="Walkie-talkie">Walkie-talkies</a> can be used in areas where communication is limited. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="UK_terminology">UK terminology</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Belaying&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: UK terminology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>When the climber is tied onto the rope and is ready to climb "Ready to climb" </p><p>When the belayer has attached the rope to the belay device and is ready to belay "Climb when ready" (or in recent years, "On belay" or "Belay ready") </p><p>When the climber is about to start climbing, "Climbing" </p><p>When the belayer is belaying, "OK" </p><p>When the slack rope is taken in by the belayer and it becomes tight and therefore the belayer doesn't need to take the rope in any more the climber says "That's me" </p><p>During the climb, the climber may ask the belayer for "Slack", or to take in the rope "Take in" (the command "Take in slack" is never used as it could be misinterpreted) </p><p>If the climber is about to fall and needs the belayer to know & take in the rope, they may say "Tight" for a tight rope or "Take In" to take the rope in. </p><p>When the climber is in a safe position independent of the belay "Safe" or "I'm safe". </p><p>When the belayer has taken the climber off the belay "Off belay" </p><p>Warning shouts for falling objects, "Rope!"; when throwing a rope off the edge "Rock!"; when a rock has been dislodged and is falling. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Anchoring">Anchoring</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Belaying&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Anchoring"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pou_Anaiak_el_ni%C3%B1o_8b_-_panoramio.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Pou_Anaiak_el_ni%C3%B1o_8b_-_panoramio.jpg/220px-Pou_Anaiak_el_ni%C3%B1o_8b_-_panoramio.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Pou_Anaiak_el_ni%C3%B1o_8b_-_panoramio.jpg/330px-Pou_Anaiak_el_ni%C3%B1o_8b_-_panoramio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Pou_Anaiak_el_ni%C3%B1o_8b_-_panoramio.jpg/440px-Pou_Anaiak_el_ni%C3%B1o_8b_-_panoramio.jpg 2x" data-file-width="533" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption>Lead climber and belayer (in a <a href="/wiki/Hanging_belay" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanging belay">hanging belay</a> position) on the multi-pitch <i>El Niño</i> <a href="/wiki/Grade_(climbing)#Free_climbing" title="Grade (climbing)">8b</a> (5.13d), <a href="/wiki/El_Capitan" title="El Capitan">El Capitan</a></figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Anchor_(climbing)" title="Anchor (climbing)">Anchor (climbing)</a></div> <p>When top rope belaying for a significantly heavier partner, it is sometimes recommended that the belayer anchor themselves to the ground. The anchor point does not prevent a fall, but prevents the belayer from being pulled upwards during a fall.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This is normally not used when lead belaying.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>To set up this anchor the belayer should place a piece of directional protection (i.e., a nut or cam) into a crack below their body, or tie themselves by the belay loop to a rock or tree. The anchor arrests any upward force produced during a fall thus preventing the belayer from "taking off". Unlike belays set up at the top of a climb, it is not usually necessary for belayers at the bottom to have more than one point of protection as long as the single piece is sturdy and safe – "bomber" in climber jargon. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hanging_belay">Hanging belay</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Belaying&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Hanging belay"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During <a href="/wiki/Multi-pitch_climbing" title="Multi-pitch climbing">multipitch</a> climbs it is sometimes necessary to belay while sitting in a harness and anchored to the wall. In this case rope management becomes more important, and the anchor is constructed in the traditional manner.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Belay_methods">Belay methods</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Belaying&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Belay methods"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Climbers now almost exclusively<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="Where in the world, and when? In Europe, the munter hitch is very frequently used by amateur climbers, for example (March 2014)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> use a belay device to achieve controllable rope friction. Before the invention of these devices, climbers used other belay methods, which are still useful in emergencies. </p><p>The person climbing is said to be <b>on belay</b> when one of these belaying methods is used. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Belay_devices">Belay devices</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Belaying&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Belay devices"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Belay_device" title="Belay device">Belay device</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Belaying.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Belaying.jpg/170px-Belaying.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Belaying.jpg/255px-Belaying.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Belaying.jpg/340px-Belaying.jpg 2x" data-file-width="768" data-file-height="1024" /></a><figcaption>A belayer using a belay device.</figcaption></figure> <p>A belay device is a piece of climbing equipment that improves belay safety for the climber by allowing the belayer to manage his or her duties with minimal physical effort. Belay devices are designed to allow a weak person to easily arrest a climber's fall with maximum control, while avoiding twisting, heating or severely bending the rope. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Self-belay">Self-belay</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Belaying&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Self-belay"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Self-belay" class="mw-redirect" title="Self-belay">Self-belay</a></div> <p>While the task of belaying is typically assigned to a companion who stays at the bottom, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Self-belaying&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Self-belaying (page does not exist)">self-belaying</a> is also possible as an advanced technical climbing technique. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Munter_hitch_/_Italian_hitch"><span id="Munter_hitch_.2F_Italian_hitch"></span>Munter hitch / Italian hitch</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Belaying&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Munter hitch / Italian hitch"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Munter_hitch" title="Munter hitch">Munter hitch</a></div> <p>A munter hitch is a belaying method that creates a friction brake by tying a special knot around an appropriate <a href="/wiki/Carabiner" title="Carabiner">carabiner</a>. This type of belay, however, causes the rope to become twisted. It can also be used on double ropes. Simply tie the munter hitch with both ropes as if they were one. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Body_belay">Body belay</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Belaying&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Body belay"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fotothek_df_ps_0000188_H%C3%B6hlen%C3%BCbung.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Fotothek_df_ps_0000188_H%C3%B6hlen%C3%BCbung.jpg/220px-Fotothek_df_ps_0000188_H%C3%B6hlen%C3%BCbung.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Fotothek_df_ps_0000188_H%C3%B6hlen%C3%BCbung.jpg/330px-Fotothek_df_ps_0000188_H%C3%B6hlen%C3%BCbung.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Fotothek_df_ps_0000188_H%C3%B6hlen%C3%BCbung.jpg/440px-Fotothek_df_ps_0000188_H%C3%B6hlen%C3%BCbung.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1310" /></a><figcaption>Body belay during rescue training in Switzerland in 1924</figcaption></figure> <p>Before the invention of belay devices, belayers could add friction to the rope by wrapping it around their body; friction between rope and the belayer's body was used to arrest a fall. This is known as a <i>body belay</i>, a <i>hip belay</i>, or a <i>waist belay</i> and is still sometimes used when climbing quickly over easier ground. On vertical rock it is no longer used as it is less reliable and more apt to injure the belayer stopping a long fall.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Australian_belay">Australian belay</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Belaying&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Australian belay"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Australian belay is used on many <a href="/wiki/High_ropes_course" class="mw-redirect" title="High ropes course">high ropes courses</a> for supporting participants on vertical, as opposed to traversing, elements.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Australian belay allows untrained participants to engage in the safety and support of their fellow participants on an element, and allows a single facilitator to oversee an element with multiple individuals participating. The Australian belay does not use a traditional belay device, but rather ties two or more people into loops on the working end of the rope as a belay team, who walk backward as the participant ascends the element, taking up slack as they go. Additional participants can be tied into the loops or left free to help hold clipped in members of the belay team in place. The Australian belay requires a clear runway back from the element almost double the height of the element in order to allow the belay team to support climbers all the way to the top. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Belaying&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Belaying" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Belaying">Belaying</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Look up <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/belaying" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Special:Search/belaying">belaying</a></b></i> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Capstan_equation" title="Capstan equation">Capstan equation</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Belaying&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ukclimbing.com/articles/page.php?id=33%7CUKC">A Glossary of Climbing Terms</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ukclimbing.com/articles/page.php?id=1238">Staying Alive: Some tips for Single Pitch Climbing </a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mountaineering9th-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Mountaineering9th_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFLinxweilerMaude2017" class="citation book cs1">Linxweiler, Eric; Maude, Mike, eds. (2017). "Chapter 10: Belaying". <i>Mountaineering: The Freedom of the Hills</i> (9th ed.). Seattle, Washington: Mountaineers Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-68051-005-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-68051-005-8"><bdi>978-1-68051-005-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chapter+10%3A+Belaying&rft.btitle=Mountaineering%3A+The+Freedom+of+the+Hills&rft.place=Seattle%2C+Washington&rft.edition=9th&rft.pub=Mountaineers+Books&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-1-68051-005-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABelaying" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDave_Sheldon2012" class="citation web cs1">Dave Sheldon (15 June 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.climbing.com/skills/belay_heavier_leader/">"Learn This: Belaying A Heavier Climber"</a>. Climbing.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Learn+This%3A+Belaying+A+Heavier+Climber&rft.pub=Climbing.com&rft.date=2012-06-15&rft.au=Dave+Sheldon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.climbing.com%2Fskills%2Fbelay_heavier_leader%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABelaying" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKitty_Calhoun2016" class="citation web cs1">Kitty Calhoun (27 October 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rockandice.com/chicks-corner/belaying-an-xl-tips-for-lightweight-climbers/">"Belaying an XL – Tips for Lightweight Climbers"</a>. Rock and Ice.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Belaying+an+XL+%E2%80%93+Tips+for+Lightweight+Climbers&rft.pub=Rock+and+Ice&rft.date=2016-10-27&rft.au=Kitty+Calhoun&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frockandice.com%2Fchicks-corner%2Fbelaying-an-xl-tips-for-lightweight-climbers%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABelaying" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.climbing.com/skills/how-to-maximize-comfort-at-hanging-belays/">"How to Maximize Comfort at Hanging Belays"</a>. Climbing.com. 24 March 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=How+to+Maximize+Comfort+at+Hanging+Belays&rft.pub=Climbing.com&rft.date=2016-03-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.climbing.com%2Fskills%2Fhow-to-maximize-comfort-at-hanging-belays%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABelaying" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.climbing.com/skills/how-to-hip-belay/">"How to Hip Belay"</a>. Climbing.com. 28 June 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 May</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=How+to+Hip+Belay&rft.pub=Climbing.com&rft.date=2013-06-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.climbing.com%2Fskills%2Fhow-to-hip-belay%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABelaying" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://issuu.com/project_adventure_inc./docs/about_the_australian_belay/1?e=5670003/11089185">"About the Australian Belay"</a>. Project Adventure<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 April</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=About+the+Australian+Belay&rft.pub=Project+Adventure&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fissuu.com%2Fproject_adventure_inc.%2Fdocs%2Fabout_the_australian_belay%2F1%3Fe%3D5670003%2F11089185&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABelaying" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output 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colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Climbing" title="Template:Climbing"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Climbing" title="Template talk:Climbing"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Climbing" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Climbing"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Climbing419" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Climbing" title="Climbing">Climbing</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Types</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 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</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Rock_climbing#Types_of_routes" title="Rock climbing">Route types</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Climbing_wall" title="Climbing wall">Artificial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crack_climbing" title="Crack climbing">Crack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Face_climbing" title="Face climbing">Face</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overhang_(climbing)" title="Overhang (climbing)">Overhang / Roof</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slab_climbing" title="Slab climbing">Slab</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mountaineering" title="Mountaineering">Mountaineering</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alpine_climbing" title="Alpine climbing">Alpine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Via_ferrata" title="Via ferrata">Via ferrata</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eight-thousander" title="Eight-thousander">Himalayan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alpine_style" class="mw-redirect" title="Alpine style">Alpine style</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expedition_climbing" title="Expedition climbing">Expedition style</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_climbing" title="Ice climbing">Ice</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mixed_climbing" title="Mixed climbing">Mixed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dry-tooling" title="Dry-tooling">Dry-tooling</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scrambling" title="Scrambling">Scrambling</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hillwalking" class="mw-redirect" title="Hillwalking">Hillwalking</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buildering" title="Buildering">Buildering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canyoning" title="Canyoning">Canyoning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crane_climbing" title="Crane climbing">Crane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grass_climbing" title="Grass climbing">Grass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rope_access" title="Rope access">Commercial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parkour" title="Parkour">Parkour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pole_climbing" title="Pole climbing">Pole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ropes_course" title="Ropes course">Ropes course</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rooftopping" title="Rooftopping">Rooftopping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roof_and_tunnel_hacking" title="Roof and tunnel hacking">Roof and tunnel hacking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slide_Climbing" class="mw-redirect" title="Slide Climbing">Slide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tree_climbing" title="Tree climbing">Tree</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_alpine_clubs" title="List of alpine clubs">Alpine clubs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_climbers_and_mountaineers" title="List of climbers and mountaineers">Climbers</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Piolet_d%27Or" class="mw-redirect" title="Piolet d'Or">Piolet d'Or winners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IFSC_Climbing_World_Cup" title="IFSC Climbing World Cup">IFSC World Cup winners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IFSC_Climbing_World_Championships" title="IFSC Climbing World Championships">IFSC World Championships winners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranking_of_career_IFSC_victories_by_climber" title="Ranking of career IFSC victories by climber">IFSC victories</a></li></ul></li> <li>Deaths <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_deaths_on_eight-thousanders" title="List of deaths on eight-thousanders">Eight-thousanders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_who_died_climbing_Mount_Everest" title="List of people who died climbing Mount Everest">Everest</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climbing_equipment" title="Climbing equipment">Equipment</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_climbing_and_mountaineering_equipment_brands" title="List of climbing and mountaineering equipment brands">Brands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_climbing_knots" title="List of climbing knots">Knots</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_rock_climbing" title="History of rock climbing">Historical events</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_grade_milestones_in_rock_climbing" title="List of grade milestones in rock climbing">Grade milestones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_first_ascents_of_mountain_summits" title="List of first ascents of mountain summits">First ascents</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climbing_technique" title="Climbing technique">Technique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_climbing_terms" title="Glossary of climbing terms">Terminology</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Terminology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Climbing_equipment" title="Climbing equipment">Equipment</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Rock-climbing_equipment" title="Rock-climbing equipment">Rock</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aider" class="mw-redirect" title="Aider">Aider</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Daisy_chain_(climbing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Daisy chain (climbing)">Daisy chain</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anchor_(climbing)" title="Anchor (climbing)">Anchor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ascender_(climbing)" title="Ascender (climbing)">Ascender</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Petzl_Croll" title="Petzl Croll">Croll</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belay_device" title="Belay device">Belay device</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Auto_belay" title="Auto belay">Auto belay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belay_glasses" title="Belay glasses">Glasses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belay_gloves" class="mw-redirect" title="Belay gloves">Gloves</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolt_(climbing)" title="Bolt (climbing)">Bolt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bouldering_mat" title="Bouldering mat">Boulder mat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carabiner" title="Carabiner">Carabiner</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maillon" title="Maillon">Maillon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climbing_rope" title="Climbing rope">Climbing rope</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cord_(climbing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cord (climbing)">Cord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dynamic_rope" title="Dynamic rope">Dynamic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Static_rope" title="Static rope">Static</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liquid_chalk" title="Liquid chalk">Chalk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Descender_(climbing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Descender (climbing)">Descenders</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Figure_8_(climbing)" title="Figure 8 (climbing)">Figure-8</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climbing_harness" title="Climbing harness">Harness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hook_(climbing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hook (climbing)">Hooks</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fifi_hook" title="Fifi hook">Fifi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skyhook_(climbing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Skyhook (climbing)">Skyhook</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_climbing_hammer" class="mw-redirect" title="Rock climbing hammer">Hammer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hex_(climbing)" title="Hex (climbing)">Hex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lanyard_(climbing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lanyard (climbing)">Lanyard</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Personal_anchor_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Personal anchor system">PAC</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nut_(climbing)" title="Nut (climbing)">Nut</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Copperhead_(climbing)" title="Copperhead (climbing)">Copperhead</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piton" title="Piton">Piton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portaledge" title="Portaledge">Portaledge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quickdraw" title="Quickdraw">Quickdraw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-locking_device" title="Self-locking device">SLDs</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grigri" title="Grigri">Grigri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revo_(climbing)" title="Revo (climbing)">Revo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sling_(climbing_equipment)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sling (climbing equipment)">Sling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spring-loaded_camming_device" title="Spring-loaded camming device">SLCDs</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Camalot" title="Camalot">Camalot</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climbing_shoe" title="Climbing shoe">Shoes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tricam" title="Tricam">Tricam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ice_climbing#Equipment" title="Ice climbing">Ice and snow</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alpenstock" title="Alpenstock">Alpenstock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abalakov_thread" title="Abalakov thread">Abalakov thread</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bottled_oxygen_(climbing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bottled oxygen (climbing)">Bottled oxygen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crampons" title="Crampons">Crampons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_axe" title="Ice axe">Ice axe</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ice_tool" title="Ice tool">Ice tool</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_screw" title="Ice screw">Ice screw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountaineering_boot" title="Mountaineering boot">Mountaineering boot</a></li> <li>Rescue <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Avalanche_cord" title="Avalanche cord">Avalanche cord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RECCO" title="RECCO">RECCO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avalanche_transceiver" title="Avalanche transceiver">Transeiver</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snow_anchor" title="Snow anchor">Snow anchor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snowshoe" title="Snowshoe">Snowshoe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Action</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abseiling" title="Abseiling">Abseiling</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australian_rappel" title="Australian rappel">Australian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%BClfersitz" title="Dülfersitz">Dülfersitz</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Belaying</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Front_pointing" title="Front pointing">Front pointing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glissade_(climbing)" title="Glissade (climbing)">Glissading</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fixed_rope" title="Fixed rope">Jumaring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lead_climbing" title="Lead climbing">Leading</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flash_(climbing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Flash (climbing)">Flashing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onsight" class="mw-redirect" title="Onsight">Onsighting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redpoint_(climbing)" title="Redpoint (climbing)">Redpointing</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountain_rescue" title="Mountain rescue">Rescue</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crevasse_rescue" title="Crevasse rescue">Crevasse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self_rescue_(climbing)" title="Self rescue (climbing)">Self</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-arrest" title="Self-arrest">Self-arrest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simul-climbing" title="Simul-climbing">Simul-climbing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rope_team" title="Rope team">Rope team</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spotting_(climbing)" title="Spotting (climbing)">Spotting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traverse_(climbing)" title="Traverse (climbing)">Traversing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tyrolean_traverse" title="Tyrolean traverse">Tyrolean</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ape_index" title="Ape index">Ape index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Approach_shoe" title="Approach shoe">Approach shoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clean_climbing" title="Clean climbing">Clean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climbing_route" title="Climbing route">Climbing route</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beta_(climbing)" title="Beta (climbing)">Beta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climbing_guidebook" title="Climbing guidebook">Guidebook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chipping_(climbing)" title="Chipping (climbing)">Chipping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_ascent" title="First ascent">First ascent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pitch_(climbing)" title="Pitch (climbing)">Pitch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Topo_(climbing)" title="Topo (climbing)">Topo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exposure_(heights)" title="Exposure (heights)">Exposure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fall_factor" title="Fall factor">Fall factor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grade_(climbing)" title="Grade (climbing)">Grades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountain_guide" title="Mountain guide">Guides</a></li> <li>Training <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bachar_ladder" title="Bachar ladder">Bachar ladder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campus_board" title="Campus board">Campus board</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hangboard" class="mw-redirect" title="Hangboard">Hangboard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MoonBoard" class="mw-redirect" title="MoonBoard">MoonBoard</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Magazines and journals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Alpine_Journal" title="Alpine Journal">Alpine Journal</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Alpinist_(magazine)" title="Alpinist (magazine)">Alpinist</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/American_Alpine_Journal" title="American Alpine Journal">American Alpine Journal</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Alpine_Journal" title="Canadian Alpine Journal">Canadian Alpine Journal</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Climbing_(magazine)" title="Climbing (magazine)">Climbing</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Desnivel" title="Desnivel">Desnivel</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Himalayan_Journal" title="Himalayan Journal">Himalayan Journal</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Planinski_Vestnik" title="Planinski Vestnik">Planinski Vestnik</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rock_%26_Ice" title="Rock & Ice">Rock & Ice</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Summit_(magazine)" title="Summit (magazine)">Summit</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Non-fiction films</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Alpinist" title="The Alpinist">The Alpinist</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/El_Capitan_(film)" title="El Capitan (film)">El Capitan</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Dawn_Wall" title="The Dawn Wall">The Dawn Wall</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Free_Solo" title="Free Solo">Free Solo</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hard_Grit" title="Hard Grit">Hard Grit</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Companies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_Diamond_Equipment" title="Black Diamond Equipment">Black Diamond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CAMP_(company)" title="CAMP (company)">CAMP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cascade_Designs" title="Cascade Designs">Cascade Designs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deuter_Sport" title="Deuter Sport">Deuter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_Winters" title="Early Winters">Early Winters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Mountain_Sports" title="Eastern Mountain Sports">Eastern Mountain Sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Five_Ten_Footwear" title="Five Ten Footwear">Five Ten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frostline_Kits" title="Frostline Kits">Frostline Kits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerry_(company)" title="Gerry (company)">GERRY Mountain Sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grivel_(company)" title="Grivel (company)">Grivel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holubar_Mountaineering" title="Holubar Mountaineering">Holubar Mountaineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JanSport" title="JanSport">JanSport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kellwood_Company" title="Kellwood Company">Sierra Designs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kelty_(company)" title="Kelty (company)">Kelty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Sportiva" title="La Sportiva">La Sportiva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lowe_Alpine" title="Lowe Alpine">Lowe Alpine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mammut_Sports_Group" title="Mammut Sports Group">Mammut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marmot_(company)" title="Marmot (company)">Marmot Mountain Works</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Millet_(manufacturer)" title="Millet (manufacturer)">Millet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountain_Equipment_Co-op" title="Mountain Equipment Co-op">Mountain Equipment Co-op</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountain_Safety_Research" title="Mountain Safety Research">Mountain Safety Research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outdoor_Research" title="Outdoor Research">Outdoor Research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patagonia,_Inc." title="Patagonia, Inc.">Patagonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petzl" title="Petzl">Petzl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rab_(company)" title="Rab (company)">Rab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recreational_Equipment,_Inc." class="mw-redirect" title="Recreational Equipment, Inc.">REI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_North_Face" title="The North Face">The North Face</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Therm-a-Rest" title="Therm-a-Rest">Therm-a-Rest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wild_Country_(company)" title="Wild Country (company)">Wild Country</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Climbing_clubs" class="mw-redirect" title="Climbing clubs">National</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Access_Fund" title="The Access Fund">Access Fund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alpine_Club_(UK)" title="Alpine Club (UK)">Alpine Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alpine_Club_of_Canada" title="Alpine Club of Canada">Alpine Club of Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Alpine_Club" title="American Alpine Club">American Alpine Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Appalachian_Mountain_Club" title="Appalachian Mountain Club">Appalachian Mountain Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austrian_Alpine_Club" title="Austrian Alpine Club">Austrian Alpine Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Mountaineering_Council" title="British Mountaineering Council">British Mountaineering Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Club_Alpin_Fran%C3%A7ais" class="mw-redirect" title="Club Alpin Français">Club Alpin Français</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Club_Alpino_Italiano" title="Club Alpino Italiano">Club Alpino Italiano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federaci%C3%B3n_Espa%C3%B1ola_de_Deportes_de_Monta%C3%B1a_y_Escalada" class="mw-redirect" title="Federación Española de Deportes de Montaña y Escalada">Federación Española de Deportes de Montaña y Escalada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration_fran%C3%A7aise_de_la_montagne_et_de_l%27escalade" class="mw-redirect" title="Fédération française de la montagne et de l'escalade">Fédération française de la montagne et de l'escalade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Alpine_Club" title="German Alpine Club">German Alpine Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_African_National_Climbing_Federation" title="South African National Climbing Federation">South African Climbing Federation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Tyrol_Alpine_Club" title="South Tyrol Alpine Club">South Tyrol Alpine Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_Alpine_Club" title="Swiss Alpine Club">Swiss Alpine Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USA_Climbing" title="USA Climbing">USA Climbing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a 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