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class="js-profile-view-count"></span></p></div></span></div><div class="user-bio-container"><div class="profile-bio fake-truncate js-profile-about" style="margin: 0px;">Research in vision science<br /><div class="js-profile-less-about u-linkUnstyled u-tcGrayDarker u-textDecorationUnderline u-displayNone">less</div></div></div><div class="ri-section"><div class="ri-section-header"><span>Interests</span><a class="ri-more-link js-profile-ri-list-card" data-click-track="profile-user-info-primary-research-interest" data-has-card-for-ri-list="38795542">View All (6)</a></div><div class="ri-tags-container"><a data-click-track="profile-user-info-expand-research-interests" data-has-card-for-ri-list="38795542" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Diabetic_Retinopathy"><div id="js-react-on-rails-context" style="display:none" 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style="width: 100%;"><div class="u-taCenter"></div><div class="profile--tab_content_container js-tab-pane tab-pane active" id="all"><div class="profile--tab_heading_container js-section-heading" data-section="Papers" id="Papers"><h3 class="profile--tab_heading_container">Papers by Jay Neitz</h3></div><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="82967085"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/82967085/Insight_from_OPN1LW_Gene_Haplotypes_into_the_Cause_and_Prevention_of_Myopia"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Insight from OPN1LW Gene Haplotypes into the Cause and Prevention of Myopia" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/88487072/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/82967085/Insight_from_OPN1LW_Gene_Haplotypes_into_the_Cause_and_Prevention_of_Myopia">Insight from OPN1LW Gene Haplotypes into the Cause and Prevention of Myopia</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Genes</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Nearsightedness (myopia) is a global health problem of staggering proportions that has driven the...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Nearsightedness (myopia) is a global health problem of staggering proportions that has driven the hunt for environmental and genetic risk factors in hopes of gaining insight into the underlying mechanism and providing new avenues of intervention. Myopia is the dominant risk factor for leading causes of blindness, including myopic maculopathy and retinal detachment. The fundamental defect in myopia—an excessively elongated eyeball—causes blurry distance vision that is correctable with lenses or surgery, but the risk of blindness remains. Haplotypes of the long-wavelength and middle-wavelength cone opsin genes (OPN1LW and OPN1MW, respectively) that exhibit profound exon-3 skipping during pre-messenger RNA splicing are associated with high myopia. Cone photoreceptors expressing these haplotypes are nearly devoid of photopigment. Conversely, cones in the same retina that express non-skipping haplotypes are relatively full of photopigment. We hypothesized that abnormal contrast signals a...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="4a009af8a694625a80752b2ee5d02801" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":88487072,"asset_id":82967085,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/88487072/download_file?st=MTczMjQ0MDY1OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="82967085"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="82967085"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 82967085; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=82967085]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=82967085]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 82967085; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='82967085']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 82967085, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "4a009af8a694625a80752b2ee5d02801" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=82967085]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":82967085,"title":"Insight from OPN1LW Gene Haplotypes into the Cause and Prevention of Myopia","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Nearsightedness (myopia) is a global health problem of staggering proportions that has driven the hunt for environmental and genetic risk factors in hopes of gaining insight into the underlying mechanism and providing new avenues of intervention. Myopia is the dominant risk factor for leading causes of blindness, including myopic maculopathy and retinal detachment. The fundamental defect in myopia—an excessively elongated eyeball—causes blurry distance vision that is correctable with lenses or surgery, but the risk of blindness remains. Haplotypes of the long-wavelength and middle-wavelength cone opsin genes (OPN1LW and OPN1MW, respectively) that exhibit profound exon-3 skipping during pre-messenger RNA splicing are associated with high myopia. Cone photoreceptors expressing these haplotypes are nearly devoid of photopigment. Conversely, cones in the same retina that express non-skipping haplotypes are relatively full of photopigment. 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Recentemente o tema da imaginação volta a movimentar os estudos kantianos, em especial aqueles relativos à sua fi losofi a prática. Quem talvez primeiro tenha chamado a atenção para essa questão seja Hannah Arendt, em um texto da década de 70 do século passado, que acompanha suas Lições sobre a fi losofi a política de Kant. Ela, porém, não tira todas as conseqüências que o papel da imaginação poder ter para a compreensão da fi losofi a política kantiana, em particular, e da política, em geral. Castoriadis, por sua vez, segue a pista de Hannah Arendt, mas vê um limite no pensamento kantiano; pois para ele, Kant não tem a possibilidade de pensar o imaginário social radical, que teria a função justamente de instituir a sociedade, ou melhor, de criar instituições sociais novas 4. Em trabalhos ainda mais recentes, aquilo que Castoriadis reivindicava se vê contemplado, por exemplo, através das análises de Jane Kneller, não obstante ele aventar a possibilidade de razões subconscientes para explicar o pouco entusiasmo de Kant pela imaginação, e também de Makreel, que oferece uma interpretação da fi losofi a de Kant centrada no papel da imaginação na terceira Crítica. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="82967079"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/82967079/Characterization_of_a_novel_form_of_X_linked_incomplete_achromatopsia"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Characterization of a novel form of X-linked incomplete achromatopsia" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/88487084/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/82967079/Characterization_of_a_novel_form_of_X_linked_incomplete_achromatopsia">Characterization of a novel form of X-linked incomplete achromatopsia</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Visual Neuroscience</span><span>, 2004</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">X-linked incomplete achromatopsia (XIA), also called blue-cone monochromacy (BCM), is a rare cone...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">X-linked incomplete achromatopsia (XIA), also called blue-cone monochromacy (BCM), is a rare cone disorder that most commonly results either from one of two conditions.. The first condition is a deletion of the locus control region (LCR) which is a critical DNA element that lies upstream of the L and M photopigment gene array on the X-chromosome and is necessary for expression of the photopigment genes. The second condition is an inactivating point mutation within the coding sequence of the remaining photopigment gene in an array from which all but one gene has been deleted. Many previous studies have concluded that affected individuals either have only rods and S-cones (Blackwell & Blackwell, 1957, 1961; Daw & Enoch, 1973; Hess et al., 1989) or have rods, S-cones, and another cone type that contains the rod pigment (Pokorny et al., 1970; Alpern et al., 1971). However, Smith et al. (1983) described individuals with XIA who had residual L-cone function. 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"profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="82967078"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/82967078/M_and_L_cones_in_early_infancy_III_Comparison_of_genotypic_and_phenotypic_markers_of_color_vision_in_infants_and_adults"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of M- and L-cones in early infancy: III. Comparison of genotypic and phenotypic markers of color vision in infants and adults" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/88487086/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/82967078/M_and_L_cones_in_early_infancy_III_Comparison_of_genotypic_and_phenotypic_markers_of_color_vision_in_infants_and_adults">M- and L-cones in early infancy: III. Comparison of genotypic and phenotypic markers of color vision in infants and adults</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Vision Research</span><span>, 1998</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="7512d80fb65ef2c4ad5ff924108c7d15" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":88487086,"asset_id":82967078,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/88487086/download_file?st=MTczMjQ0MDY1OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="82967078"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="82967078"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 82967078; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=82967078]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=82967078]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 82967078; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='82967078']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 82967078, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "7512d80fb65ef2c4ad5ff924108c7d15" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=82967078]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":82967078,"title":"M- and L-cones in early infancy: III. Comparison of genotypic and phenotypic markers of color vision in infants and adults","translated_title":"","metadata":{"publisher":"Elsevier BV","grobid_abstract":"Genetic analyses were performed on five male children (3 years), two suspect color-normals and three suspects for congenital color vision deficiencies. These classifications were based on visually-evoked potential (VEP) responses to M-and L-cone-isolating stimuli obtained in a previous study when each subject was either 4-or 8-weeks old. The present analyses were performed in a blind study to characterize the genotypes of these subjects. Four male adults with various color vision phenotypes were also tested as a control. DNA was isolated using a non-invasive technique followed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification and restriction enzyme analysis to examine the genomic DNA of each subject. The genetic analyses confirmed the VEP identification of two color defective infants, and were consistent with the diagnosis of two other infants as color normal. A third infant was predicted by VEP analysis to have a protan defect, but he did not have a gene array typically found in protan observers.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":1998,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Vision 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="82967076"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/82967076/Functional_consequences_of_the_relative_numbers_of_L_and_M_cones_errata"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Functional consequences of the relative numbers of L and M cones: errata" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/88487087/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/82967076/Functional_consequences_of_the_relative_numbers_of_L_and_M_cones_errata">Functional consequences of the relative numbers of L and M cones: errata</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Journal of the Optical Society of America A</span><span>, 2000</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="20c5de35eb37ee94a42f0549b34912a6" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":88487087,"asset_id":82967076,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/88487087/download_file?st=MTczMjQ0MDY1OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="82967076"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa 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$('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=82967076]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":82967076,"title":"Functional consequences of the relative numbers of L and M cones: errata","translated_title":"","metadata":{"publisher":"The Optical Society","grobid_abstract":"Direct imaging of the retina by adaptive optics allows assessment of the relative number of long-wavelengthsensitive (L) and middle-wavelength-sensitive (M) cones in living human eyes. We examine the functional consequences of variation in the relative numbers of L and M cones (L/M cone ratio) for two observers whose ratios were measured by direct imaging. The L/M cone ratio for the two observers varied considerably, taking on values of 1.15 and 3.79. Two sets of functional data were collected: spectral sensitivity measured with the flicker electroretinogram (ERG) and the wavelength of unique yellow. A genetic analysis was used to determine L and M cone spectra appropriate for each observer. Rayleigh matches confirmed the use of these spectra. We determined the relative strength of L and M cone contributions to ERG spectral sensitivity by fitting the data with a weighted sum of L and M cone spectra. The relative strengths so determined (1.06 and 3.38) were close to the cone ratios established by direct imaging. Thus variation in L/M cone ratio is preserved at the sites tapped by the flicker ERG. The wavelength of unique yellow varied only slightly between the two observers (576.8 and 574.7 nm). 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Cone Dysfunction and Cone Dystrophy Associated with L/M Opsin Interchange Mutations" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/83483500/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/75854686/Role_of_a_Dual_Splicing_and_Amino_Acid_Code_in_Myopia_Cone_Dysfunction_and_Cone_Dystrophy_Associated_with_L_M_Opsin_Interchange_Mutations">Role of a Dual Splicing and Amino Acid Code in Myopia, Cone Dysfunction and Cone Dystrophy Associated with L/M Opsin Interchange Mutations</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Translational Vision Science & Technology</span><span>, 2017</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="182c8f890dffb79fbcaae1a85d07df04" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":83483500,"asset_id":75854686,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/83483500/download_file?st=MTczMjQ0MDY1OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="75854686"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="75854686"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var 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id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "182c8f890dffb79fbcaae1a85d07df04" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=75854686]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":75854686,"title":"Role of a Dual Splicing and Amino Acid Code in Myopia, Cone Dysfunction and Cone Dystrophy Associated with L/M Opsin Interchange Mutations","translated_title":"","metadata":{"publisher":"Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology (ARVO)","grobid_abstract":"Purpose: Human long (L) and middle (M) wavelength cone opsin genes are highly variable due to intermixing. Two L/M cone opsin interchange mutants, designated LIAVA and LVAVA, are associated with clinical diagnoses, including red-green color vision deficiency, blue cone monochromacy, cone degeneration, myopia, and Bornholm Eye Disease. Because the protein and splicing codes are carried by the same nucleotides, intermixing L and M genes can cause disease by affecting protein structure and splicing. Methods: Genetically engineered mice were created to allow investigation of the consequences of altered protein structure alone, and the effects on cone morphology were examined using immunohistochemistry. In humans and mice, cone function was evaluated using the electroretinogram (ERG) under L/M-or short (S) wavelength cone isolating conditions. Effects of LIAVA and LVAVA genes on splicing were evaluated using a minigene assay. Results: ERGs and histology in mice revealed protein toxicity for the LVAVA but not for the LIAVA opsin. Minigene assays showed that the dominant messenger RNA (mRNA) was aberrantly spliced for both variants; however, the LVAVA gene produced a small but significant amount of full-length mRNA and LVAVA subjects had correspondingly reduced ERG amplitudes. In contrast, the LIAVA subject had no L/M cone ERG. Conclusions: Dramatic differences in phenotype can result from seemingly minor differences in genotype through divergent effects on the dual amino acid and splicing codes. Translational Relevance: The mechanism by which individual mutations contribute to clinical phenotypes provides valuable information for diagnosis and prognosis of vision disorders associated with L/M interchange mutations, and it informs strategies for developing therapies.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2017,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Translational Vision Science \u0026 Technology","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":83483500},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/75854686/Role_of_a_Dual_Splicing_and_Amino_Acid_Code_in_Myopia_Cone_Dysfunction_and_Cone_Dystrophy_Associated_with_L_M_Opsin_Interchange_Mutations","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2022-04-08T15:05:58.120-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":38795542,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":83483500,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/83483500/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"pmc5433808.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/83483500/download_file?st=MTczMjQ0MDY1OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Role_of_a_Dual_Splicing_and_Amino_Acid_C.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/83483500/pmc5433808-libre.pdf?1649458539=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DRole_of_a_Dual_Splicing_and_Amino_Acid_C.pdf\u0026Expires=1732443008\u0026Signature=Qqtbmcw7xQkxip9aDvHilsRhfbcRqj55iznZoi1bkl7~QdOrh0LqUdgUgbaTrzQiPY5CL0~rVjt1iBhRKPwgOfpWRMNKW0xIQ5-EXSflD6E1FBfFgI-3aD4EGkqHsUPU7VHECYrzs5Z~Vhh4SwUXVA3eUIzNE~FbysY2s0btljBDWu6UGrQoCupU9iIc3UlWvUiDiF9YOUqHRHYMhO7OH3XPdZqLqNHOCn57lbtwTqnRpCi7cFXygCKtV8uOEo7OIYfhD0xUvcc-iux7ixbUPnbBaTVKAv47N0QHcqzXEvKFUtkleeqMz-Kcw6SQtiXx9PQyvdE4SSCuXOdbD0r5XQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Role_of_a_Dual_Splicing_and_Amino_Acid_Code_in_Myopia_Cone_Dysfunction_and_Cone_Dystrophy_Associated_with_L_M_Opsin_Interchange_Mutations","translated_slug":"","page_count":19,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":38795542,"first_name":"Jay","middle_initials":"","last_name":"Neitz","page_name":"JayNeitz","domain_name":"washington","created_at":"2015-11-20T15:32:10.707-08:00","display_name":"Jay Neitz","url":"https://washington.academia.edu/JayNeitz"},"attachments":[{"id":83483500,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/83483500/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"pmc5433808.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/83483500/download_file?st=MTczMjQ0MDY1OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Role_of_a_Dual_Splicing_and_Amino_Acid_C.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/83483500/pmc5433808-libre.pdf?1649458539=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DRole_of_a_Dual_Splicing_and_Amino_Acid_C.pdf\u0026Expires=1732443008\u0026Signature=Qqtbmcw7xQkxip9aDvHilsRhfbcRqj55iznZoi1bkl7~QdOrh0LqUdgUgbaTrzQiPY5CL0~rVjt1iBhRKPwgOfpWRMNKW0xIQ5-EXSflD6E1FBfFgI-3aD4EGkqHsUPU7VHECYrzs5Z~Vhh4SwUXVA3eUIzNE~FbysY2s0btljBDWu6UGrQoCupU9iIc3UlWvUiDiF9YOUqHRHYMhO7OH3XPdZqLqNHOCn57lbtwTqnRpCi7cFXygCKtV8uOEo7OIYfhD0xUvcc-iux7ixbUPnbBaTVKAv47N0QHcqzXEvKFUtkleeqMz-Kcw6SQtiXx9PQyvdE4SSCuXOdbD0r5XQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":7710,"name":"Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology"},{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="75854684"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/75854684/The_genetics_of_New_World_monkey_visual_pigments"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of The genetics of New World monkey visual pigments" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/83483505/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/75854684/The_genetics_of_New_World_monkey_visual_pigments">The genetics of New World monkey visual pigments</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Psychology and Neuroscience</span><span>, 2013</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="4a4ecff3d83db7d32a469d4105c0f7f8" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":83483505,"asset_id":75854684,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/83483505/download_file?st=MTczMjQ0MDY1OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="75854684"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="75854684"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 75854684; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="75854683"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/75854683/Color_vision_polymorphism_and_its_photopigment_basis_in_a_callitrichid_monkey_Saguinus_fuscicollis_"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Color vision polymorphism and its photopigment basis in a callitrichid monkey (Saguinus fuscicollis)" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/83483523/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/75854683/Color_vision_polymorphism_and_its_photopigment_basis_in_a_callitrichid_monkey_Saguinus_fuscicollis_">Color vision polymorphism and its photopigment basis in a callitrichid monkey (Saguinus fuscicollis)</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Vision Research</span><span>, 1987</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="698b4d5562f7eef6ac0717ca8cc2167b" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":83483523,"asset_id":75854683,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/83483523/download_file?st=MTczMjQ0MDY1OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="75854683"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="75854683"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 75854683; 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applications</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Journal of the Optical Society of America A</span><span>, 1996</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="da7dbbb1542423f21b5dbe36d61b54b1" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":83483496,"asset_id":75854682,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/83483496/download_file?st=MTczMjQ0MDY1OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="75854682"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa 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profile--work_container" data-work-id="75854681"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/75854681/Spectral_sensitivity_of_ground_squirrel_cones_measured_with_ERG_flicker_photometry"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Spectral sensitivity of ground squirrel cones measured with ERG flicker photometry" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/83483508/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/75854681/Spectral_sensitivity_of_ground_squirrel_cones_measured_with_ERG_flicker_photometry">Spectral sensitivity of ground squirrel cones measured with ERG flicker photometry</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Journal of Comparative Physiology A</span><span>, 1985</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="ad9cb4e6d9366fe8d1bc41ddcbf73d29" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":83483508,"asset_id":75854681,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/83483508/download_file?st=MTczMjQ0MDY1OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="75854681"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span 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The spectral sensitivities of the two classes of cones found in the retinas of two species of ground squirrel were measured using ERG flicker photometry. The spectral sensitivity curves for these cone classes were closely fit by curves from wavelength-dependent visual pigment nomograms. One cone type had an average peak sensitivity of 518.9 nm (California ground squirrels, Sperrnophilus beecheyi) or 517.0 nm (thirteen-lined ground squirrels, Spermophilus tridecemlineatus). The second type of cone found in these ground squirrels had an average peak sensitivity of 436.7 nm. An examination of the variation in spectral sensitivity among individual animals suggests that the sensitivity peaks for the middle-wavelength cone cover a range of not greater than 4 nm.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":1985,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Journal of Comparative Physiology A","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":83483508},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/75854681/Spectral_sensitivity_of_ground_squirrel_cones_measured_with_ERG_flicker_photometry","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2022-04-08T15:05:57.434-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":38795542,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":83483508,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/83483508/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Spectral_sensitivity_of_ground_squirrel_20220408-16381-1fc9pmg.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/83483508/download_file?st=MTczMjQ0MDY1OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Spectral_sensitivity_of_ground_squirrel.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/83483508/Spectral_sensitivity_of_ground_squirrel_20220408-16381-1fc9pmg.pdf?1649455799=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DSpectral_sensitivity_of_ground_squirrel.pdf\u0026Expires=1732443009\u0026Signature=asLNFt5QrLL~jWE0wGQfEte7MWJhK2uw3DxJ28j1qOujjpf1nAovIHt-6NoeNs6NVipO5opvDYtWEazeFEYR1VlNjn7IZAlkbDEPAXMeS1V8~oh48RJQWzCdcC9yT~BMdJEiAkH9bSIMiHDnPbSDjyNnxLBJPyBPSv-wKdhsSBb-1Lhw~s~wj5CY9FOgI02QUMjnnvF2ByJEqta9OXGJhPopuyU9msO5zC8l0AQW6x4VK4gbwiYbkc27nKbBpIiMi1ZL0k3zc434r0iVUqob7rmF4CxTIY4uOd1-ro6U2j2wAjjZoVSk8UeAZn0o6GG5K9uHEdxpfKL8YhZjtSQnQg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Spectral_sensitivity_of_ground_squirrel_cones_measured_with_ERG_flicker_photometry","translated_slug":"","page_count":7,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":38795542,"first_name":"Jay","middle_initials":"","last_name":"Neitz","page_name":"JayNeitz","domain_name":"washington","created_at":"2015-11-20T15:32:10.707-08:00","display_name":"Jay Neitz","url":"https://washington.academia.edu/JayNeitz"},"attachments":[{"id":83483508,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/83483508/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Spectral_sensitivity_of_ground_squirrel_20220408-16381-1fc9pmg.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/83483508/download_file?st=MTczMjQ0MDY1OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Spectral_sensitivity_of_ground_squirrel.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/83483508/Spectral_sensitivity_of_ground_squirrel_20220408-16381-1fc9pmg.pdf?1649455799=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DSpectral_sensitivity_of_ground_squirrel.pdf\u0026Expires=1732443009\u0026Signature=asLNFt5QrLL~jWE0wGQfEte7MWJhK2uw3DxJ28j1qOujjpf1nAovIHt-6NoeNs6NVipO5opvDYtWEazeFEYR1VlNjn7IZAlkbDEPAXMeS1V8~oh48RJQWzCdcC9yT~BMdJEiAkH9bSIMiHDnPbSDjyNnxLBJPyBPSv-wKdhsSBb-1Lhw~s~wj5CY9FOgI02QUMjnnvF2ByJEqta9OXGJhPopuyU9msO5zC8l0AQW6x4VK4gbwiYbkc27nKbBpIiMi1ZL0k3zc434r0iVUqob7rmF4CxTIY4uOd1-ro6U2j2wAjjZoVSk8UeAZn0o6GG5K9uHEdxpfKL8YhZjtSQnQg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":7710,"name":"Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology"},{"id":29204,"name":"Comparative Physiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Physiology"},{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences"},{"id":115645,"name":"Color Vision","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Color_Vision"},{"id":1209499,"name":"Spectral Sensitivity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spectral_Sensitivity"},{"id":3763225,"name":"Medical and Health Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_and_Health_Sciences"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="70550152"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/70550152/Correlated_Evolution_of_Short_Wavelength_Sensitive_Photoreceptor_Sensitivity_and_Color_Pattern_in_Lake_Malawi_Cichlids"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Correlated Evolution of Short Wavelength Sensitive Photoreceptor Sensitivity and Color Pattern in Lake Malawi Cichlids" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/80256045/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/70550152/Correlated_Evolution_of_Short_Wavelength_Sensitive_Photoreceptor_Sensitivity_and_Color_Pattern_in_Lake_Malawi_Cichlids">Correlated Evolution of Short Wavelength Sensitive Photoreceptor Sensitivity and Color Pattern in Lake Malawi Cichlids</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution</span><span>, 2016</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="25cdd89ca98c9135a8632a4e0ab3112e" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":80256045,"asset_id":70550152,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/80256045/download_file?st=MTczMjQ0MDY1OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="70550152"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="70550152"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 70550152; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="64588865"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/64588865/Intermixing_the_OPN1LW_and_OPN1MW_Genes_Disrupts_the_Exonic_Splicing_Code_Causing_an_Array_of_Vision_Disorders"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Intermixing the OPN1LW and OPN1MW Genes Disrupts the Exonic Splicing Code Causing an Array of Vision Disorders" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/76555943/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/64588865/Intermixing_the_OPN1LW_and_OPN1MW_Genes_Disrupts_the_Exonic_Splicing_Code_Causing_an_Array_of_Vision_Disorders">Intermixing the OPN1LW and OPN1MW Genes Disrupts the Exonic Splicing Code Causing an Array of Vision Disorders</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Genes</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Light absorption by photopigment molecules expressed in the photoreceptors in the retina is the f...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Light absorption by photopigment molecules expressed in the photoreceptors in the retina is the first step in seeing. Two types of photoreceptors in the human retina are responsible for image formation: rods, and cones. Except at very low light levels when rods are active, all vision is based on cones. Cones mediate high acuity vision and color vision. Furthermore, they are critically important in the visual feedback mechanism that regulates refractive development of the eye during childhood. The human retina contains a mosaic of three cone types, short-wavelength (S), long-wavelength (L), and middle-wavelength (M) sensitive; however, the vast majority (~94%) are L and M cones. The OPN1LW and OPN1MW genes, located on the X-chromosome at Xq28, encode the protein component of the light-sensitive photopigments expressed in the L and M cones. Diverse haplotypes of exon 3 of the OPN1LW and OPN1MW genes arose thru unequal recombination mechanisms that have intermixed the genes. A subset o...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="6712f3ffa580afa5948d62716aa6e7a5" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":76555943,"asset_id":64588865,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/76555943/download_file?st=MTczMjQ0MDY1OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="64588865"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="64588865"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 64588865; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=64588865]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=64588865]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 64588865; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='64588865']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 64588865, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "6712f3ffa580afa5948d62716aa6e7a5" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=64588865]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":64588865,"title":"Intermixing the OPN1LW and OPN1MW Genes Disrupts the Exonic Splicing Code Causing an Array of Vision Disorders","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Light absorption by photopigment molecules expressed in the photoreceptors in the retina is the first step in seeing. Two types of photoreceptors in the human retina are responsible for image formation: rods, and cones. Except at very low light levels when rods are active, all vision is based on cones. Cones mediate high acuity vision and color vision. Furthermore, they are critically important in the visual feedback mechanism that regulates refractive development of the eye during childhood. The human retina contains a mosaic of three cone types, short-wavelength (S), long-wavelength (L), and middle-wavelength (M) sensitive; however, the vast majority (~94%) are L and M cones. The OPN1LW and OPN1MW genes, located on the X-chromosome at Xq28, encode the protein component of the light-sensitive photopigments expressed in the L and M cones. Diverse haplotypes of exon 3 of the OPN1LW and OPN1MW genes arose thru unequal recombination mechanisms that have intermixed the genes. A subset o...","publisher":"MDPI AG","publication_name":"Genes"},"translated_abstract":"Light absorption by photopigment molecules expressed in the photoreceptors in the retina is the first step in seeing. Two types of photoreceptors in the human retina are responsible for image formation: rods, and cones. Except at very low light levels when rods are active, all vision is based on cones. Cones mediate high acuity vision and color vision. Furthermore, they are critically important in the visual feedback mechanism that regulates refractive development of the eye during childhood. The human retina contains a mosaic of three cone types, short-wavelength (S), long-wavelength (L), and middle-wavelength (M) sensitive; however, the vast majority (~94%) are L and M cones. The OPN1LW and OPN1MW genes, located on the X-chromosome at Xq28, encode the protein component of the light-sensitive photopigments expressed in the L and M cones. Diverse haplotypes of exon 3 of the OPN1LW and OPN1MW genes arose thru unequal recombination mechanisms that have intermixed the genes. 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In addition to photoentrainment, they mediate the effects of light experience as a central modulator of mood, learning, and health [2]. This makes a complete account of the circuity responsible for ipRGCs&#39; light responses essential to understanding their diverse roles in our well-being. Considerable progress has been made in understanding ipRGCs&#39; melanopsin-mediated responses in rodents [3-5]. However, in primates, ipRGCs also have a rare blue-OFF response mediated by an unknown short-wavelength-sensitive (S)-cone circuit [6]. Identifying this S-cone circuit is particularly important because ipRGCs mediate many of the wide-ranging effects of short-wavelength light on human biology. These effects are often attributed to melanopsin, but there is evidence for an S-cone contribution as well [7, 8]. Here, we tested the hypothesis that the S-OFF response is mediated by the S-ON pathway through inhibitory input from an undiscovered S-cone amacrine cell. Using serial electron microscopy in the macaque retina, we reconstructed the neurons and synapses of the S-cone connectome, revealing a novel inhibitory interneuron, an amacrine cell, receiving excitatory glutamatergic input exclusively from S-ON bipolar cells. This S-cone amacrine cell makes highly selective inhibitory synapses onto ipRGCs, resulting in a blue-OFF response. Identification of the S-cone amacrine cell provides the missing component of an evolutionarily ancient circuit using spectral information for non-image forming visual functions.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="64588853"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="64588853"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 64588853; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=64588853]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=64588853]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 64588853; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='64588853']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 64588853, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=64588853]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":64588853,"title":"A Color Vision Circuit for Non-Image-Forming Vision in the Primate Retina","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Melanopsin-expressing, intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) synchronize our biological clocks with the external light/dark cycle [1]. In addition to photoentrainment, they mediate the effects of light experience as a central modulator of mood, learning, and health [2]. This makes a complete account of the circuity responsible for ipRGCs\u0026#39; light responses essential to understanding their diverse roles in our well-being. Considerable progress has been made in understanding ipRGCs\u0026#39; melanopsin-mediated responses in rodents [3-5]. However, in primates, ipRGCs also have a rare blue-OFF response mediated by an unknown short-wavelength-sensitive (S)-cone circuit [6]. Identifying this S-cone circuit is particularly important because ipRGCs mediate many of the wide-ranging effects of short-wavelength light on human biology. These effects are often attributed to melanopsin, but there is evidence for an S-cone contribution as well [7, 8]. Here, we tested the hypothesis that the S-OFF response is mediated by the S-ON pathway through inhibitory input from an undiscovered S-cone amacrine cell. Using serial electron microscopy in the macaque retina, we reconstructed the neurons and synapses of the S-cone connectome, revealing a novel inhibitory interneuron, an amacrine cell, receiving excitatory glutamatergic input exclusively from S-ON bipolar cells. This S-cone amacrine cell makes highly selective inhibitory synapses onto ipRGCs, resulting in a blue-OFF response. Identification of the S-cone amacrine cell provides the missing component of an evolutionarily ancient circuit using spectral information for non-image forming visual functions.","publisher":"Elsevier BV","publication_name":"Current Biology"},"translated_abstract":"Melanopsin-expressing, intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) synchronize our biological clocks with the external light/dark cycle [1]. In addition to photoentrainment, they mediate the effects of light experience as a central modulator of mood, learning, and health [2]. This makes a complete account of the circuity responsible for ipRGCs\u0026#39; light responses essential to understanding their diverse roles in our well-being. Considerable progress has been made in understanding ipRGCs\u0026#39; melanopsin-mediated responses in rodents [3-5]. However, in primates, ipRGCs also have a rare blue-OFF response mediated by an unknown short-wavelength-sensitive (S)-cone circuit [6]. Identifying this S-cone circuit is particularly important because ipRGCs mediate many of the wide-ranging effects of short-wavelength light on human biology. These effects are often attributed to melanopsin, but there is evidence for an S-cone contribution as well [7, 8]. Here, we tested the hypothesis that the S-OFF response is mediated by the S-ON pathway through inhibitory input from an undiscovered S-cone amacrine cell. Using serial electron microscopy in the macaque retina, we reconstructed the neurons and synapses of the S-cone connectome, revealing a novel inhibitory interneuron, an amacrine cell, receiving excitatory glutamatergic input exclusively from S-ON bipolar cells. This S-cone amacrine cell makes highly selective inhibitory synapses onto ipRGCs, resulting in a blue-OFF response. Identification of the S-cone amacrine cell provides the missing component of an evolutionarily ancient circuit using spectral information for non-image forming visual functions.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/64588853/A_Color_Vision_Circuit_for_Non_Image_Forming_Vision_in_the_Primate_Retina","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2021-12-16T09:46:11.613-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":38795542,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"A_Color_Vision_Circuit_for_Non_Image_Forming_Vision_in_the_Primate_Retina","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":38795542,"first_name":"Jay","middle_initials":"","last_name":"Neitz","page_name":"JayNeitz","domain_name":"washington","created_at":"2015-11-20T15:32:10.707-08:00","display_name":"Jay Neitz","url":"https://washington.academia.edu/JayNeitz"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[{"id":7710,"name":"Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology"},{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine"},{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences"},{"id":2922956,"name":"Psychology and Cognitive Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology_and_Cognitive_Sciences"},{"id":3763225,"name":"Medical and Health Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_and_Health_Sciences"}],"urls":[{"id":15236147,"url":"https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0960982220300841?httpAccept=text/xml"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="64588839"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/64588839/The_association_between_L_M_cone_ratio_cone_opsin_genes_and_myopia_susceptibility"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of The association between L:M cone ratio, cone opsin genes and myopia susceptibility" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/76556055/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/64588839/The_association_between_L_M_cone_ratio_cone_opsin_genes_and_myopia_susceptibility">The association between L:M cone ratio, cone opsin genes and myopia susceptibility</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Vision Research</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="f0ac5a024888c8480e54bc101470171c" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":76556055,"asset_id":64588839,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/76556055/download_file?st=MTczMjQ0MDY1OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="64588839"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="64588839"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 64588839; 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dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "f0ac5a024888c8480e54bc101470171c" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=64588839]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":64588839,"title":"The association between L:M cone ratio, cone opsin genes and myopia susceptibility","translated_title":"","metadata":{"publisher":"Elsevier BV","grobid_abstract":"In syndromic forms of myopia caused by long (L) to middle (M) wavelength (L/M) interchange mutations, erroneous contrast signals from ON-bipolar cells activated by cones with different levels of opsin expression are suggested to make the eye susceptible to increased growth. This susceptibility is modulated by the L:M cone ratio. Here, we examined L and M opsin genes, L:M cone ratios and their association with common refractive errors in a population with low myopia prevalence. Cycloplegic autorefraction and ocular biometry were obtained for Norwegian genetically-confirmed normal trichromats. L:M cone ratios were estimated from spectral sensitivity functions measured with full-field ERG, after adjusting for individual differences in the wavelength of peak absorption deduced from cone opsin genetics. Mean L:M cone ratios and the frequency of alanine at L opsin position 180 were higher in males than what has been reported in males in populations with high myopia prevalence. High L:M cone ratios in females were associated with lower degree of myopia, and myopia was more frequent in females who were heterozygous for L opsin exon 3 haplotypes than in those who were homozygous. The results suggest that the L:M cone ratio, combined with milder versions of L opsin gene polymorphisms, may play a role in common myopia. This may in part explain the low myopia prevalence in Norwegian adolescents and why myopia prevalence was higher in females who were heterozygous for the L opsin exon 3 haplotype, since females are twice as likely to have genetic polymorphisms carried on the X-chromosome.","publication_name":"Vision Research","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":76556055},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/64588839/The_association_between_L_M_cone_ratio_cone_opsin_genes_and_myopia_susceptibility","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2021-12-16T09:46:09.210-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":38795542,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":76556055,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/76556055/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Hagen-Arnegard-Gilson-Baraas-The_association_between.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/76556055/download_file?st=MTczMjQ0MDY1OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"The_association_between_L_M_cone_ratio_c.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/76556055/Hagen-Arnegard-Gilson-Baraas-The_association_between-libre.pdf?1639678792=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DThe_association_between_L_M_cone_ratio_c.pdf\u0026Expires=1732443009\u0026Signature=cpuHL0ejC12S1vbmEH1tbJ2Giii0Cos2rLFqetnOLuySOYQKrCNIUR0u38oCPQ0Ld23YniIqy8ReI1Qndx3RB5EI3I2ze-ESAljnZnRy52YcQuCqEMD6Vvzwj4LHGJo91hjsLBE3TdoCjnrlRtmBwQCg-HfRbWi1Ix1i6RwSrWtuxIt5knPl~tSC6Tr7AOGLlRzWbBXciY851804rsN~qnMNRDP6Rs2aAi8jrjTKPQXOj5iEgZSllP1DZsDKQuCoolpbnkMLD9vZs5qJEP7mP3IkZ~YQw9zh6KeTQyc8NJfML~aR20qhP1rGFEPK3PNdfy9UPci6R-Wk9WHeQxFNcw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"The_association_between_L_M_cone_ratio_cone_opsin_genes_and_myopia_susceptibility","translated_slug":"","page_count":9,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":38795542,"first_name":"Jay","middle_initials":"","last_name":"Neitz","page_name":"JayNeitz","domain_name":"washington","created_at":"2015-11-20T15:32:10.707-08:00","display_name":"Jay Neitz","url":"https://washington.academia.edu/JayNeitz"},"attachments":[{"id":76556055,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/76556055/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Hagen-Arnegard-Gilson-Baraas-The_association_between.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/76556055/download_file?st=MTczMjQ0MDY1OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"The_association_between_L_M_cone_ratio_c.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/76556055/Hagen-Arnegard-Gilson-Baraas-The_association_between-libre.pdf?1639678792=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DThe_association_between_L_M_cone_ratio_c.pdf\u0026Expires=1732443009\u0026Signature=cpuHL0ejC12S1vbmEH1tbJ2Giii0Cos2rLFqetnOLuySOYQKrCNIUR0u38oCPQ0Ld23YniIqy8ReI1Qndx3RB5EI3I2ze-ESAljnZnRy52YcQuCqEMD6Vvzwj4LHGJo91hjsLBE3TdoCjnrlRtmBwQCg-HfRbWi1Ix1i6RwSrWtuxIt5knPl~tSC6Tr7AOGLlRzWbBXciY851804rsN~qnMNRDP6Rs2aAi8jrjTKPQXOj5iEgZSllP1DZsDKQuCoolpbnkMLD9vZs5qJEP7mP3IkZ~YQw9zh6KeTQyc8NJfML~aR20qhP1rGFEPK3PNdfy9UPci6R-Wk9WHeQxFNcw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":59692,"name":"Vision","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vision"},{"id":2922956,"name":"Psychology and Cognitive Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology_and_Cognitive_Sciences"},{"id":3763225,"name":"Medical and Health Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_and_Health_Sciences"}],"urls":[{"id":15236142,"url":"https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0042698919301270?httpAccept=text/xml"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="64588832"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/64588832/An_S_cone_circuit_for_edge_detection_in_the_primate_retina"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of An S-cone circuit for edge detection in the primate retina" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/76556040/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/64588832/An_S_cone_circuit_for_edge_detection_in_the_primate_retina">An S-cone circuit for edge detection in the primate retina</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Midget retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) are the most common RGC type in the primate retina. Their re...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Midget retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) are the most common RGC type in the primate retina. Their responses mediate both color and spatial vision, yet the specific links between midget RGC responses and visual perception are unclear. Previous research on the dual roles of midget RGCs has focused on those comparing long (L) vs. middle (M) wavelength sensitive cones. However, there is evidence for several other rare midget RGC subtypes receiving S-cone input, but their role in color and spatial vision is uncertain. Here, we confirm the existence of the single S-cone center OFF midget RGC circuit in the central retina of macaque monkey both structurally and functionally, by combining single cell electrophysiology with 3D electron microscopy reconstructions of the upstream circuitry. Like the well-studied L vs. M midget RGCs, the S-OFF midget RGCs have a center-surround receptive field consistent with a role in spatial vision. While spectral opponency in a primate RGC is classically assume...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="a6a00de08640787ee112bbfec20da10a" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":76556040,"asset_id":64588832,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/76556040/download_file?st=MTczMjQ0MDY1OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="64588832"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="64588832"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 64588832; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=64588832]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=64588832]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 64588832; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='64588832']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 64588832, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "a6a00de08640787ee112bbfec20da10a" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=64588832]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":64588832,"title":"An S-cone circuit for edge detection in the primate retina","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Midget retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) are the most common RGC type in the primate retina. Their responses mediate both color and spatial vision, yet the specific links between midget RGC responses and visual perception are unclear. Previous research on the dual roles of midget RGCs has focused on those comparing long (L) vs. middle (M) wavelength sensitive cones. However, there is evidence for several other rare midget RGC subtypes receiving S-cone input, but their role in color and spatial vision is uncertain. Here, we confirm the existence of the single S-cone center OFF midget RGC circuit in the central retina of macaque monkey both structurally and functionally, by combining single cell electrophysiology with 3D electron microscopy reconstructions of the upstream circuitry. Like the well-studied L vs. M midget RGCs, the S-OFF midget RGCs have a center-surround receptive field consistent with a role in spatial vision. While spectral opponency in a primate RGC is classically assume...","publisher":"Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory"},"translated_abstract":"Midget retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) are the most common RGC type in the primate retina. Their responses mediate both color and spatial vision, yet the specific links between midget RGC responses and visual perception are unclear. Previous research on the dual roles of midget RGCs has focused on those comparing long (L) vs. middle (M) wavelength sensitive cones. However, there is evidence for several other rare midget RGC subtypes receiving S-cone input, but their role in color and spatial vision is uncertain. Here, we confirm the existence of the single S-cone center OFF midget RGC circuit in the central retina of macaque monkey both structurally and functionally, by combining single cell electrophysiology with 3D electron microscopy reconstructions of the upstream circuitry. Like the well-studied L vs. M midget RGCs, the S-OFF midget RGCs have a center-surround receptive field consistent with a role in spatial vision. While spectral opponency in a primate RGC is classically assume...","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/64588832/An_S_cone_circuit_for_edge_detection_in_the_primate_retina","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2021-12-16T09:46:06.774-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":38795542,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":76556040,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/76556040/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"667204.full.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/76556040/download_file?st=MTczMjQ0MDY1OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"An_S_cone_circuit_for_edge_detection_in.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/76556040/667204.full-libre.pdf?1639678796=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DAn_S_cone_circuit_for_edge_detection_in.pdf\u0026Expires=1732443009\u0026Signature=alMFUBkjlUn9VY~IoRlDVSogiUirqhJsE98XqB~P2wGPV~eHgu9qJmHoxreHRXZz4cPXnYPTGREdmaB0XgjbPVYY6xzKETfVIxyFdvfyKp46Ox0z5pLIeWBVO1qxUBtBzVkxGzdG2s9lfmis0z2sHFdC1tVjfoKZaeEHBfsEmHXWqc1VJjdNAfq7LrE1-UJ-tT69v0qmYZCxck10H2sk~Iz12d55NRbM24D0sRIE6uT2RnLPKE~WN1QUi97m4Ye6AfHNyloigvI8ZKyfeYozboSRWHmpMMzuG7Fi-yUtxDBmt6Bi9af0ZxvwyfDmw3MEO3slNyRbMZH88GERnDYT5w__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"An_S_cone_circuit_for_edge_detection_in_the_primate_retina","translated_slug":"","page_count":15,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":38795542,"first_name":"Jay","middle_initials":"","last_name":"Neitz","page_name":"JayNeitz","domain_name":"washington","created_at":"2015-11-20T15:32:10.707-08:00","display_name":"Jay Neitz","url":"https://washington.academia.edu/JayNeitz"},"attachments":[{"id":76556040,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/76556040/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"667204.full.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/76556040/download_file?st=MTczMjQ0MDY1OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"An_S_cone_circuit_for_edge_detection_in.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/76556040/667204.full-libre.pdf?1639678796=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DAn_S_cone_circuit_for_edge_detection_in.pdf\u0026Expires=1732443009\u0026Signature=alMFUBkjlUn9VY~IoRlDVSogiUirqhJsE98XqB~P2wGPV~eHgu9qJmHoxreHRXZz4cPXnYPTGREdmaB0XgjbPVYY6xzKETfVIxyFdvfyKp46Ox0z5pLIeWBVO1qxUBtBzVkxGzdG2s9lfmis0z2sHFdC1tVjfoKZaeEHBfsEmHXWqc1VJjdNAfq7LrE1-UJ-tT69v0qmYZCxck10H2sk~Iz12d55NRbM24D0sRIE6uT2RnLPKE~WN1QUi97m4Ye6AfHNyloigvI8ZKyfeYozboSRWHmpMMzuG7Fi-yUtxDBmt6Bi9af0ZxvwyfDmw3MEO3slNyRbMZH88GERnDYT5w__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":7710,"name":"Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology"},{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine"}],"urls":[{"id":15236141,"url":"https://syndication.highwire.org/content/doi/10.1101/667204"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> </div><div class="profile--tab_content_container js-tab-pane tab-pane" data-section-id="4093541" id="papers"><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="82967085"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/82967085/Insight_from_OPN1LW_Gene_Haplotypes_into_the_Cause_and_Prevention_of_Myopia"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Insight from OPN1LW Gene Haplotypes into the Cause and Prevention of Myopia" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/88487072/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/82967085/Insight_from_OPN1LW_Gene_Haplotypes_into_the_Cause_and_Prevention_of_Myopia">Insight from OPN1LW Gene Haplotypes into the Cause and Prevention of Myopia</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Genes</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Nearsightedness (myopia) is a global health problem of staggering proportions that has driven the...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Nearsightedness (myopia) is a global health problem of staggering proportions that has driven the hunt for environmental and genetic risk factors in hopes of gaining insight into the underlying mechanism and providing new avenues of intervention. Myopia is the dominant risk factor for leading causes of blindness, including myopic maculopathy and retinal detachment. The fundamental defect in myopia—an excessively elongated eyeball—causes blurry distance vision that is correctable with lenses or surgery, but the risk of blindness remains. Haplotypes of the long-wavelength and middle-wavelength cone opsin genes (OPN1LW and OPN1MW, respectively) that exhibit profound exon-3 skipping during pre-messenger RNA splicing are associated with high myopia. Cone photoreceptors expressing these haplotypes are nearly devoid of photopigment. Conversely, cones in the same retina that express non-skipping haplotypes are relatively full of photopigment. We hypothesized that abnormal contrast signals a...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="4a009af8a694625a80752b2ee5d02801" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":88487072,"asset_id":82967085,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/88487072/download_file?st=MTczMjQ0MDY1OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="82967085"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="82967085"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 82967085; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=82967085]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=82967085]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 82967085; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='82967085']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 82967085, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "4a009af8a694625a80752b2ee5d02801" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=82967085]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":82967085,"title":"Insight from OPN1LW Gene Haplotypes into the Cause and Prevention of Myopia","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Nearsightedness (myopia) is a global health problem of staggering proportions that has driven the hunt for environmental and genetic risk factors in hopes of gaining insight into the underlying mechanism and providing new avenues of intervention. Myopia is the dominant risk factor for leading causes of blindness, including myopic maculopathy and retinal detachment. The fundamental defect in myopia—an excessively elongated eyeball—causes blurry distance vision that is correctable with lenses or surgery, but the risk of blindness remains. Haplotypes of the long-wavelength and middle-wavelength cone opsin genes (OPN1LW and OPN1MW, respectively) that exhibit profound exon-3 skipping during pre-messenger RNA splicing are associated with high myopia. Cone photoreceptors expressing these haplotypes are nearly devoid of photopigment. Conversely, cones in the same retina that express non-skipping haplotypes are relatively full of photopigment. We hypothesized that abnormal contrast signals a...","publisher":"MDPI AG","publication_name":"Genes"},"translated_abstract":"Nearsightedness (myopia) is a global health problem of staggering proportions that has driven the hunt for environmental and genetic risk factors in hopes of gaining insight into the underlying mechanism and providing new avenues of intervention. Myopia is the dominant risk factor for leading causes of blindness, including myopic maculopathy and retinal detachment. The fundamental defect in myopia—an excessively elongated eyeball—causes blurry distance vision that is correctable with lenses or surgery, but the risk of blindness remains. Haplotypes of the long-wavelength and middle-wavelength cone opsin genes (OPN1LW and OPN1MW, respectively) that exhibit profound exon-3 skipping during pre-messenger RNA splicing are associated with high myopia. Cone photoreceptors expressing these haplotypes are nearly devoid of photopigment. Conversely, cones in the same retina that express non-skipping haplotypes are relatively full of photopigment. We hypothesized that abnormal contrast signals a...","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/82967085/Insight_from_OPN1LW_Gene_Haplotypes_into_the_Cause_and_Prevention_of_Myopia","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2022-07-11T11:30:54.625-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":38795542,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":88487072,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/88487072/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"pdf.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/88487072/download_file?st=MTczMjQ0MDY1OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Insight_from_OPN1LW_Gene_Haplotypes_into.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/88487072/pdf-libre.pdf?1657593821=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DInsight_from_OPN1LW_Gene_Haplotypes_into.pdf\u0026Expires=1732443007\u0026Signature=KBweXo6G4bsy6UH918acTTQtAguAvluj8ZseWzYyFG9A1AOHWC7c2-FyO~E7ScdECG95uV71xqJKgG3tBLGIViDoAM~FdXPzeCDdoR~3PCDRPTHm5m2pMoKL4ROeJCBzgj8ayFswA5XKrqX31-eAslKkQV-ASbwLPrbk1G94fzRpX84iefk18vRmXMCPleFS1Ori6GtMEInUNrtniTjhBQnXNe1xMvCPAKFtsMpnso3JtxwCBrMOHVHDRASEiJ~tDcYB5OcZzZ~uKcoemlm9TBYyUDTmAtjnRNFxb7psUbz-~8Vrq7a1E9hbcMKofTp2az4gYOv29kM5qULxC1sLig__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Insight_from_OPN1LW_Gene_Haplotypes_into_the_Cause_and_Prevention_of_Myopia","translated_slug":"","page_count":15,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":38795542,"first_name":"Jay","middle_initials":"","last_name":"Neitz","page_name":"JayNeitz","domain_name":"washington","created_at":"2015-11-20T15:32:10.707-08:00","display_name":"Jay Neitz","url":"https://washington.academia.edu/JayNeitz"},"attachments":[{"id":88487072,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/88487072/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"pdf.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/88487072/download_file?st=MTczMjQ0MDY1OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Insight_from_OPN1LW_Gene_Haplotypes_into.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/88487072/pdf-libre.pdf?1657593821=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DInsight_from_OPN1LW_Gene_Haplotypes_into.pdf\u0026Expires=1732443007\u0026Signature=KBweXo6G4bsy6UH918acTTQtAguAvluj8ZseWzYyFG9A1AOHWC7c2-FyO~E7ScdECG95uV71xqJKgG3tBLGIViDoAM~FdXPzeCDdoR~3PCDRPTHm5m2pMoKL4ROeJCBzgj8ayFswA5XKrqX31-eAslKkQV-ASbwLPrbk1G94fzRpX84iefk18vRmXMCPleFS1Ori6GtMEInUNrtniTjhBQnXNe1xMvCPAKFtsMpnso3JtxwCBrMOHVHDRASEiJ~tDcYB5OcZzZ~uKcoemlm9TBYyUDTmAtjnRNFxb7psUbz-~8Vrq7a1E9hbcMKofTp2az4gYOv29kM5qULxC1sLig__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":233229,"name":"Genes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genes"}],"urls":[{"id":22088934,"url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4425/13/6/942/pdf"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="82967083"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/82967083/Middle_Wavelength_Sensitive_Photopigment_Gene_Expression_is_Absent_in_Deuteranomalous_Colour_Vision"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Middle Wavelength Sensitive Photopigment Gene Expression is Absent in Deuteranomalous Colour Vision" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/88487074/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/82967083/Middle_Wavelength_Sensitive_Photopigment_Gene_Expression_is_Absent_in_Deuteranomalous_Colour_Vision">Middle Wavelength Sensitive Photopigment Gene Expression is Absent in Deuteranomalous Colour Vision</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Normal and Defective Colour Vision</span><span>, 2003</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="e46ea54ba32c579c5f8716abfa466b5d" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":88487074,"asset_id":82967083,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/88487074/download_file?st=MTczMjQ0MDY1OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="82967083"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="82967083"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 82967083; 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Recentemente o tema da imaginação volta a movimentar os estudos kantianos, em especial aqueles relativos à sua fi losofi a prática. Quem talvez primeiro tenha chamado a atenção para essa questão seja Hannah Arendt, em um texto da década de 70 do século passado, que acompanha suas Lições sobre a fi losofi a política de Kant. Ela, porém, não tira todas as conseqüências que o papel da imaginação poder ter para a compreensão da fi losofi a política kantiana, em particular, e da política, em geral. Castoriadis, por sua vez, segue a pista de Hannah Arendt, mas vê um limite no pensamento kantiano; pois para ele, Kant não tem a possibilidade de pensar o imaginário social radical, que teria a função justamente de instituir a sociedade, ou melhor, de criar instituições sociais novas 4. Em trabalhos ainda mais recentes, aquilo que Castoriadis reivindicava se vê contemplado, por exemplo, através das análises de Jane Kneller, não obstante ele aventar a possibilidade de razões subconscientes para explicar o pouco entusiasmo de Kant pela imaginação, e também de Makreel, que oferece uma interpretação da fi losofi a de Kant centrada no papel da imaginação na terceira Crítica. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="82967079"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/82967079/Characterization_of_a_novel_form_of_X_linked_incomplete_achromatopsia"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Characterization of a novel form of X-linked incomplete achromatopsia" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/88487084/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/82967079/Characterization_of_a_novel_form_of_X_linked_incomplete_achromatopsia">Characterization of a novel form of X-linked incomplete achromatopsia</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Visual Neuroscience</span><span>, 2004</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">X-linked incomplete achromatopsia (XIA), also called blue-cone monochromacy (BCM), is a rare cone...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">X-linked incomplete achromatopsia (XIA), also called blue-cone monochromacy (BCM), is a rare cone disorder that most commonly results either from one of two conditions.. The first condition is a deletion of the locus control region (LCR) which is a critical DNA element that lies upstream of the L and M photopigment gene array on the X-chromosome and is necessary for expression of the photopigment genes. The second condition is an inactivating point mutation within the coding sequence of the remaining photopigment gene in an array from which all but one gene has been deleted. Many previous studies have concluded that affected individuals either have only rods and S-cones (Blackwell & Blackwell, 1957, 1961; Daw & Enoch, 1973; Hess et al., 1989) or have rods, S-cones, and another cone type that contains the rod pigment (Pokorny et al., 1970; Alpern et al., 1971). However, Smith et al. (1983) described individuals with XIA who had residual L-cone function. 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Comparison of genotypic and phenotypic markers of color vision in infants and adults" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/88487086/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/82967078/M_and_L_cones_in_early_infancy_III_Comparison_of_genotypic_and_phenotypic_markers_of_color_vision_in_infants_and_adults">M- and L-cones in early infancy: III. Comparison of genotypic and phenotypic markers of color vision in infants and adults</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Vision Research</span><span>, 1998</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="7512d80fb65ef2c4ad5ff924108c7d15" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":88487086,"asset_id":82967078,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/88487086/download_file?st=MTczMjQ0MDY1OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="82967078"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="82967078"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 82967078; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=82967078]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=82967078]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 82967078; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='82967078']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 82967078, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "7512d80fb65ef2c4ad5ff924108c7d15" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=82967078]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":82967078,"title":"M- and L-cones in early infancy: III. Comparison of genotypic and phenotypic markers of color vision in infants and adults","translated_title":"","metadata":{"publisher":"Elsevier BV","grobid_abstract":"Genetic analyses were performed on five male children (3 years), two suspect color-normals and three suspects for congenital color vision deficiencies. These classifications were based on visually-evoked potential (VEP) responses to M-and L-cone-isolating stimuli obtained in a previous study when each subject was either 4-or 8-weeks old. The present analyses were performed in a blind study to characterize the genotypes of these subjects. Four male adults with various color vision phenotypes were also tested as a control. DNA was isolated using a non-invasive technique followed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification and restriction enzyme analysis to examine the genomic DNA of each subject. The genetic analyses confirmed the VEP identification of two color defective infants, and were consistent with the diagnosis of two other infants as color normal. A third infant was predicted by VEP analysis to have a protan defect, but he did not have a gene array typically found in protan observers.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":1998,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Vision 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="82967076"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/82967076/Functional_consequences_of_the_relative_numbers_of_L_and_M_cones_errata"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Functional consequences of the relative numbers of L and M cones: errata" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/88487087/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/82967076/Functional_consequences_of_the_relative_numbers_of_L_and_M_cones_errata">Functional consequences of the relative numbers of L and M cones: errata</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Journal of the Optical Society of America A</span><span>, 2000</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="20c5de35eb37ee94a42f0549b34912a6" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":88487087,"asset_id":82967076,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/88487087/download_file?st=MTczMjQ0MDY1OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="82967076"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa 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$('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=82967076]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":82967076,"title":"Functional consequences of the relative numbers of L and M cones: errata","translated_title":"","metadata":{"publisher":"The Optical Society","grobid_abstract":"Direct imaging of the retina by adaptive optics allows assessment of the relative number of long-wavelengthsensitive (L) and middle-wavelength-sensitive (M) cones in living human eyes. We examine the functional consequences of variation in the relative numbers of L and M cones (L/M cone ratio) for two observers whose ratios were measured by direct imaging. The L/M cone ratio for the two observers varied considerably, taking on values of 1.15 and 3.79. Two sets of functional data were collected: spectral sensitivity measured with the flicker electroretinogram (ERG) and the wavelength of unique yellow. A genetic analysis was used to determine L and M cone spectra appropriate for each observer. Rayleigh matches confirmed the use of these spectra. We determined the relative strength of L and M cone contributions to ERG spectral sensitivity by fitting the data with a weighted sum of L and M cone spectra. The relative strengths so determined (1.06 and 3.38) were close to the cone ratios established by direct imaging. Thus variation in L/M cone ratio is preserved at the sites tapped by the flicker ERG. The wavelength of unique yellow varied only slightly between the two observers (576.8 and 574.7 nm). This small variation indicates that neural factors play an important role in stabilizing unique yellow against variation in the L/M cone ratio.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2000,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Journal of the Optical Society of America 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Two L/M cone opsin interchange mutants, designated LIAVA and LVAVA, are associated with clinical diagnoses, including red-green color vision deficiency, blue cone monochromacy, cone degeneration, myopia, and Bornholm Eye Disease. Because the protein and splicing codes are carried by the same nucleotides, intermixing L and M genes can cause disease by affecting protein structure and splicing. Methods: Genetically engineered mice were created to allow investigation of the consequences of altered protein structure alone, and the effects on cone morphology were examined using immunohistochemistry. In humans and mice, cone function was evaluated using the electroretinogram (ERG) under L/M-or short (S) wavelength cone isolating conditions. Effects of LIAVA and LVAVA genes on splicing were evaluated using a minigene assay. Results: ERGs and histology in mice revealed protein toxicity for the LVAVA but not for the LIAVA opsin. Minigene assays showed that the dominant messenger RNA (mRNA) was aberrantly spliced for both variants; however, the LVAVA gene produced a small but significant amount of full-length mRNA and LVAVA subjects had correspondingly reduced ERG amplitudes. In contrast, the LIAVA subject had no L/M cone ERG. Conclusions: Dramatic differences in phenotype can result from seemingly minor differences in genotype through divergent effects on the dual amino acid and splicing codes. Translational Relevance: The mechanism by which individual mutations contribute to clinical phenotypes provides valuable information for diagnosis and prognosis of vision disorders associated with L/M interchange mutations, and it informs strategies for developing therapies.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2017,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Translational Vision Science \u0026 Technology","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":83483500},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/75854686/Role_of_a_Dual_Splicing_and_Amino_Acid_Code_in_Myopia_Cone_Dysfunction_and_Cone_Dystrophy_Associated_with_L_M_Opsin_Interchange_Mutations","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2022-04-08T15:05:58.120-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":38795542,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":83483500,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/83483500/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"pmc5433808.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/83483500/download_file?st=MTczMjQ0MDY1OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Role_of_a_Dual_Splicing_and_Amino_Acid_C.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/83483500/pmc5433808-libre.pdf?1649458539=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DRole_of_a_Dual_Splicing_and_Amino_Acid_C.pdf\u0026Expires=1732443008\u0026Signature=Qqtbmcw7xQkxip9aDvHilsRhfbcRqj55iznZoi1bkl7~QdOrh0LqUdgUgbaTrzQiPY5CL0~rVjt1iBhRKPwgOfpWRMNKW0xIQ5-EXSflD6E1FBfFgI-3aD4EGkqHsUPU7VHECYrzs5Z~Vhh4SwUXVA3eUIzNE~FbysY2s0btljBDWu6UGrQoCupU9iIc3UlWvUiDiF9YOUqHRHYMhO7OH3XPdZqLqNHOCn57lbtwTqnRpCi7cFXygCKtV8uOEo7OIYfhD0xUvcc-iux7ixbUPnbBaTVKAv47N0QHcqzXEvKFUtkleeqMz-Kcw6SQtiXx9PQyvdE4SSCuXOdbD0r5XQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Role_of_a_Dual_Splicing_and_Amino_Acid_Code_in_Myopia_Cone_Dysfunction_and_Cone_Dystrophy_Associated_with_L_M_Opsin_Interchange_Mutations","translated_slug":"","page_count":19,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":38795542,"first_name":"Jay","middle_initials":"","last_name":"Neitz","page_name":"JayNeitz","domain_name":"washington","created_at":"2015-11-20T15:32:10.707-08:00","display_name":"Jay Neitz","url":"https://washington.academia.edu/JayNeitz"},"attachments":[{"id":83483500,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/83483500/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"pmc5433808.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/83483500/download_file?st=MTczMjQ0MDY1OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Role_of_a_Dual_Splicing_and_Amino_Acid_C.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/83483500/pmc5433808-libre.pdf?1649458539=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DRole_of_a_Dual_Splicing_and_Amino_Acid_C.pdf\u0026Expires=1732443008\u0026Signature=Qqtbmcw7xQkxip9aDvHilsRhfbcRqj55iznZoi1bkl7~QdOrh0LqUdgUgbaTrzQiPY5CL0~rVjt1iBhRKPwgOfpWRMNKW0xIQ5-EXSflD6E1FBfFgI-3aD4EGkqHsUPU7VHECYrzs5Z~Vhh4SwUXVA3eUIzNE~FbysY2s0btljBDWu6UGrQoCupU9iIc3UlWvUiDiF9YOUqHRHYMhO7OH3XPdZqLqNHOCn57lbtwTqnRpCi7cFXygCKtV8uOEo7OIYfhD0xUvcc-iux7ixbUPnbBaTVKAv47N0QHcqzXEvKFUtkleeqMz-Kcw6SQtiXx9PQyvdE4SSCuXOdbD0r5XQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":7710,"name":"Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology"},{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="75854683"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/75854683/Color_vision_polymorphism_and_its_photopigment_basis_in_a_callitrichid_monkey_Saguinus_fuscicollis_"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Color vision polymorphism and its photopigment basis in a callitrichid monkey (Saguinus fuscicollis)" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/83483523/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/75854683/Color_vision_polymorphism_and_its_photopigment_basis_in_a_callitrichid_monkey_Saguinus_fuscicollis_">Color vision polymorphism and its photopigment basis in a callitrichid monkey (Saguinus fuscicollis)</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Vision Research</span><span>, 1987</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="698b4d5562f7eef6ac0717ca8cc2167b" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":83483523,"asset_id":75854683,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/83483523/download_file?st=MTczMjQ0MDY1OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="75854683"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="75854683"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 75854683; 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Behavioral tests of color discrimination and spectral sensitivity indicate that this species has a color vision polymorphism. Individual monkeys have either dichromatic or trichromatic color vision. Measurements of the spectral sensitivity of con= on this species were made on nine animals with the technique of electroretinogram (ERG) flicker photometry. Both the electrophysiological and the behavioral results suggest that there are four classes of cone pigment in this species. In addition to a short wavelength sensitive cone, apparently common to all tamarins, there are three classes of middle to long wavelength cone (I,, = 545,557 and 562 nm). Individual animals have either one or two of the latter types. The color vision variation in this species differs for males and females.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":1987,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Vision 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applications</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Journal of the Optical Society of America A</span><span>, 1996</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="da7dbbb1542423f21b5dbe36d61b54b1" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":83483496,"asset_id":75854682,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/83483496/download_file?st=MTczMjQ0MDY1OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="75854682"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa 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$('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=75854682]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":75854682,"title":"Electroretinogram flicker photometry and its applications","translated_title":"","metadata":{"publisher":"The Optical Society","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":1996,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Journal of the Optical Society of America 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profile--work_container" data-work-id="75854681"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/75854681/Spectral_sensitivity_of_ground_squirrel_cones_measured_with_ERG_flicker_photometry"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Spectral sensitivity of ground squirrel cones measured with ERG flicker photometry" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/83483508/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/75854681/Spectral_sensitivity_of_ground_squirrel_cones_measured_with_ERG_flicker_photometry">Spectral sensitivity of ground squirrel cones measured with ERG flicker photometry</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Journal of Comparative Physiology A</span><span>, 1985</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="ad9cb4e6d9366fe8d1bc41ddcbf73d29" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":83483508,"asset_id":75854681,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/83483508/download_file?st=MTczMjQ0MDY1OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="75854681"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span 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The spectral sensitivities of the two classes of cones found in the retinas of two species of ground squirrel were measured using ERG flicker photometry. The spectral sensitivity curves for these cone classes were closely fit by curves from wavelength-dependent visual pigment nomograms. One cone type had an average peak sensitivity of 518.9 nm (California ground squirrels, Sperrnophilus beecheyi) or 517.0 nm (thirteen-lined ground squirrels, Spermophilus tridecemlineatus). The second type of cone found in these ground squirrels had an average peak sensitivity of 436.7 nm. An examination of the variation in spectral sensitivity among individual animals suggests that the sensitivity peaks for the middle-wavelength cone cover a range of not greater than 4 nm.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":1985,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Journal of Comparative Physiology A","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":83483508},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/75854681/Spectral_sensitivity_of_ground_squirrel_cones_measured_with_ERG_flicker_photometry","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2022-04-08T15:05:57.434-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":38795542,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":83483508,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/83483508/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Spectral_sensitivity_of_ground_squirrel_20220408-16381-1fc9pmg.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/83483508/download_file?st=MTczMjQ0MDY1OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Spectral_sensitivity_of_ground_squirrel.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/83483508/Spectral_sensitivity_of_ground_squirrel_20220408-16381-1fc9pmg.pdf?1649455799=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DSpectral_sensitivity_of_ground_squirrel.pdf\u0026Expires=1732443009\u0026Signature=asLNFt5QrLL~jWE0wGQfEte7MWJhK2uw3DxJ28j1qOujjpf1nAovIHt-6NoeNs6NVipO5opvDYtWEazeFEYR1VlNjn7IZAlkbDEPAXMeS1V8~oh48RJQWzCdcC9yT~BMdJEiAkH9bSIMiHDnPbSDjyNnxLBJPyBPSv-wKdhsSBb-1Lhw~s~wj5CY9FOgI02QUMjnnvF2ByJEqta9OXGJhPopuyU9msO5zC8l0AQW6x4VK4gbwiYbkc27nKbBpIiMi1ZL0k3zc434r0iVUqob7rmF4CxTIY4uOd1-ro6U2j2wAjjZoVSk8UeAZn0o6GG5K9uHEdxpfKL8YhZjtSQnQg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Spectral_sensitivity_of_ground_squirrel_cones_measured_with_ERG_flicker_photometry","translated_slug":"","page_count":7,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":38795542,"first_name":"Jay","middle_initials":"","last_name":"Neitz","page_name":"JayNeitz","domain_name":"washington","created_at":"2015-11-20T15:32:10.707-08:00","display_name":"Jay Neitz","url":"https://washington.academia.edu/JayNeitz"},"attachments":[{"id":83483508,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/83483508/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Spectral_sensitivity_of_ground_squirrel_20220408-16381-1fc9pmg.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/83483508/download_file?st=MTczMjQ0MDY1OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Spectral_sensitivity_of_ground_squirrel.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/83483508/Spectral_sensitivity_of_ground_squirrel_20220408-16381-1fc9pmg.pdf?1649455799=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DSpectral_sensitivity_of_ground_squirrel.pdf\u0026Expires=1732443009\u0026Signature=asLNFt5QrLL~jWE0wGQfEte7MWJhK2uw3DxJ28j1qOujjpf1nAovIHt-6NoeNs6NVipO5opvDYtWEazeFEYR1VlNjn7IZAlkbDEPAXMeS1V8~oh48RJQWzCdcC9yT~BMdJEiAkH9bSIMiHDnPbSDjyNnxLBJPyBPSv-wKdhsSBb-1Lhw~s~wj5CY9FOgI02QUMjnnvF2ByJEqta9OXGJhPopuyU9msO5zC8l0AQW6x4VK4gbwiYbkc27nKbBpIiMi1ZL0k3zc434r0iVUqob7rmF4CxTIY4uOd1-ro6U2j2wAjjZoVSk8UeAZn0o6GG5K9uHEdxpfKL8YhZjtSQnQg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":7710,"name":"Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology"},{"id":29204,"name":"Comparative Physiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Physiology"},{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences"},{"id":115645,"name":"Color Vision","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Color_Vision"},{"id":1209499,"name":"Spectral Sensitivity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spectral_Sensitivity"},{"id":3763225,"name":"Medical and Health Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_and_Health_Sciences"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="64588865"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/64588865/Intermixing_the_OPN1LW_and_OPN1MW_Genes_Disrupts_the_Exonic_Splicing_Code_Causing_an_Array_of_Vision_Disorders"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Intermixing the OPN1LW and OPN1MW Genes Disrupts the Exonic Splicing Code Causing an Array of Vision Disorders" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/76555943/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/64588865/Intermixing_the_OPN1LW_and_OPN1MW_Genes_Disrupts_the_Exonic_Splicing_Code_Causing_an_Array_of_Vision_Disorders">Intermixing the OPN1LW and OPN1MW Genes Disrupts the Exonic Splicing Code Causing an Array of Vision Disorders</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Genes</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Light absorption by photopigment molecules expressed in the photoreceptors in the retina is the f...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Light absorption by photopigment molecules expressed in the photoreceptors in the retina is the first step in seeing. Two types of photoreceptors in the human retina are responsible for image formation: rods, and cones. Except at very low light levels when rods are active, all vision is based on cones. Cones mediate high acuity vision and color vision. Furthermore, they are critically important in the visual feedback mechanism that regulates refractive development of the eye during childhood. The human retina contains a mosaic of three cone types, short-wavelength (S), long-wavelength (L), and middle-wavelength (M) sensitive; however, the vast majority (~94%) are L and M cones. The OPN1LW and OPN1MW genes, located on the X-chromosome at Xq28, encode the protein component of the light-sensitive photopigments expressed in the L and M cones. Diverse haplotypes of exon 3 of the OPN1LW and OPN1MW genes arose thru unequal recombination mechanisms that have intermixed the genes. A subset o...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="6712f3ffa580afa5948d62716aa6e7a5" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":76555943,"asset_id":64588865,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/76555943/download_file?st=MTczMjQ0MDY1OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="64588865"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="64588865"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 64588865; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=64588865]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=64588865]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 64588865; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='64588865']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 64588865, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "6712f3ffa580afa5948d62716aa6e7a5" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=64588865]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":64588865,"title":"Intermixing the OPN1LW and OPN1MW Genes Disrupts the Exonic Splicing Code Causing an Array of Vision Disorders","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Light absorption by photopigment molecules expressed in the photoreceptors in the retina is the first step in seeing. Two types of photoreceptors in the human retina are responsible for image formation: rods, and cones. Except at very low light levels when rods are active, all vision is based on cones. Cones mediate high acuity vision and color vision. Furthermore, they are critically important in the visual feedback mechanism that regulates refractive development of the eye during childhood. The human retina contains a mosaic of three cone types, short-wavelength (S), long-wavelength (L), and middle-wavelength (M) sensitive; however, the vast majority (~94%) are L and M cones. The OPN1LW and OPN1MW genes, located on the X-chromosome at Xq28, encode the protein component of the light-sensitive photopigments expressed in the L and M cones. Diverse haplotypes of exon 3 of the OPN1LW and OPN1MW genes arose thru unequal recombination mechanisms that have intermixed the genes. A subset o...","publisher":"MDPI AG","publication_name":"Genes"},"translated_abstract":"Light absorption by photopigment molecules expressed in the photoreceptors in the retina is the first step in seeing. Two types of photoreceptors in the human retina are responsible for image formation: rods, and cones. Except at very low light levels when rods are active, all vision is based on cones. Cones mediate high acuity vision and color vision. Furthermore, they are critically important in the visual feedback mechanism that regulates refractive development of the eye during childhood. The human retina contains a mosaic of three cone types, short-wavelength (S), long-wavelength (L), and middle-wavelength (M) sensitive; however, the vast majority (~94%) are L and M cones. The OPN1LW and OPN1MW genes, located on the X-chromosome at Xq28, encode the protein component of the light-sensitive photopigments expressed in the L and M cones. Diverse haplotypes of exon 3 of the OPN1LW and OPN1MW genes arose thru unequal recombination mechanisms that have intermixed the genes. A subset o...","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/64588865/Intermixing_the_OPN1LW_and_OPN1MW_Genes_Disrupts_the_Exonic_Splicing_Code_Causing_an_Array_of_Vision_Disorders","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2021-12-16T09:46:14.126-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":38795542,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":76555943,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/76555943/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"pdf.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/76555943/download_file?st=MTczMjQ0MDY1OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Intermixing_the_OPN1LW_and_OPN1MW_Genes.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/76555943/pdf-libre.pdf?1639678714=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DIntermixing_the_OPN1LW_and_OPN1MW_Genes.pdf\u0026Expires=1732443009\u0026Signature=SmdbRSK00Pldt3Ym~YhIVPxIyBMNMFxLFhoc0I-KtrhXec3orIfREnbEnXc~sQRqZE4GOUkKDJXF7ekaxEFwFnC-PSODK8CWQLFIErMyGCXkx3r4rhhKVooALmjsCjhS6BFrjlchC7wXesF~VX1STkj5ioiIEJKEs7SUVrDPUIuC8pm6lfZriJp9YxAzjIOQEvrxTgQrDWeqhL0YzJF5ywMc6EMv938D-ZSlWjNLGKyGULBxOrpRLNDoItpstGxqPp8IH8MB753PiVMR9iHzyxBK-VF2-zw4ids42jHKbpPhRcnFPDVdlLkm-YAXmQTr6UG6wkBSBClcyrIuiyvbeg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Intermixing_the_OPN1LW_and_OPN1MW_Genes_Disrupts_the_Exonic_Splicing_Code_Causing_an_Array_of_Vision_Disorders","translated_slug":"","page_count":18,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":38795542,"first_name":"Jay","middle_initials":"","last_name":"Neitz","page_name":"JayNeitz","domain_name":"washington","created_at":"2015-11-20T15:32:10.707-08:00","display_name":"Jay Neitz","url":"https://washington.academia.edu/JayNeitz"},"attachments":[{"id":76555943,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/76555943/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"pdf.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/76555943/download_file?st=MTczMjQ0MDY1OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Intermixing_the_OPN1LW_and_OPN1MW_Genes.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/76555943/pdf-libre.pdf?1639678714=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DIntermixing_the_OPN1LW_and_OPN1MW_Genes.pdf\u0026Expires=1732443009\u0026Signature=SmdbRSK00Pldt3Ym~YhIVPxIyBMNMFxLFhoc0I-KtrhXec3orIfREnbEnXc~sQRqZE4GOUkKDJXF7ekaxEFwFnC-PSODK8CWQLFIErMyGCXkx3r4rhhKVooALmjsCjhS6BFrjlchC7wXesF~VX1STkj5ioiIEJKEs7SUVrDPUIuC8pm6lfZriJp9YxAzjIOQEvrxTgQrDWeqhL0YzJF5ywMc6EMv938D-ZSlWjNLGKyGULBxOrpRLNDoItpstGxqPp8IH8MB753PiVMR9iHzyxBK-VF2-zw4ids42jHKbpPhRcnFPDVdlLkm-YAXmQTr6UG6wkBSBClcyrIuiyvbeg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":233229,"name":"Genes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genes"}],"urls":[{"id":15236150,"url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4425/12/8/1180/pdf"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="64588853"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/64588853/A_Color_Vision_Circuit_for_Non_Image_Forming_Vision_in_the_Primate_Retina"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of A Color Vision Circuit for Non-Image-Forming Vision in the Primate Retina" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/64588853/A_Color_Vision_Circuit_for_Non_Image_Forming_Vision_in_the_Primate_Retina">A Color Vision Circuit for Non-Image-Forming Vision in the Primate Retina</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Current Biology</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Melanopsin-expressing, intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) synchronize o...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Melanopsin-expressing, intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) synchronize our biological clocks with the external light/dark cycle [1]. In addition to photoentrainment, they mediate the effects of light experience as a central modulator of mood, learning, and health [2]. This makes a complete account of the circuity responsible for ipRGCs&#39; light responses essential to understanding their diverse roles in our well-being. Considerable progress has been made in understanding ipRGCs&#39; melanopsin-mediated responses in rodents [3-5]. However, in primates, ipRGCs also have a rare blue-OFF response mediated by an unknown short-wavelength-sensitive (S)-cone circuit [6]. Identifying this S-cone circuit is particularly important because ipRGCs mediate many of the wide-ranging effects of short-wavelength light on human biology. These effects are often attributed to melanopsin, but there is evidence for an S-cone contribution as well [7, 8]. Here, we tested the hypothesis that the S-OFF response is mediated by the S-ON pathway through inhibitory input from an undiscovered S-cone amacrine cell. Using serial electron microscopy in the macaque retina, we reconstructed the neurons and synapses of the S-cone connectome, revealing a novel inhibitory interneuron, an amacrine cell, receiving excitatory glutamatergic input exclusively from S-ON bipolar cells. This S-cone amacrine cell makes highly selective inhibitory synapses onto ipRGCs, resulting in a blue-OFF response. Identification of the S-cone amacrine cell provides the missing component of an evolutionarily ancient circuit using spectral information for non-image forming visual functions.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="64588853"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="64588853"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 64588853; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=64588853]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=64588853]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 64588853; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='64588853']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 64588853, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=64588853]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":64588853,"title":"A Color Vision Circuit for Non-Image-Forming Vision in the Primate Retina","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Melanopsin-expressing, intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) synchronize our biological clocks with the external light/dark cycle [1]. In addition to photoentrainment, they mediate the effects of light experience as a central modulator of mood, learning, and health [2]. This makes a complete account of the circuity responsible for ipRGCs\u0026#39; light responses essential to understanding their diverse roles in our well-being. Considerable progress has been made in understanding ipRGCs\u0026#39; melanopsin-mediated responses in rodents [3-5]. However, in primates, ipRGCs also have a rare blue-OFF response mediated by an unknown short-wavelength-sensitive (S)-cone circuit [6]. Identifying this S-cone circuit is particularly important because ipRGCs mediate many of the wide-ranging effects of short-wavelength light on human biology. These effects are often attributed to melanopsin, but there is evidence for an S-cone contribution as well [7, 8]. Here, we tested the hypothesis that the S-OFF response is mediated by the S-ON pathway through inhibitory input from an undiscovered S-cone amacrine cell. Using serial electron microscopy in the macaque retina, we reconstructed the neurons and synapses of the S-cone connectome, revealing a novel inhibitory interneuron, an amacrine cell, receiving excitatory glutamatergic input exclusively from S-ON bipolar cells. This S-cone amacrine cell makes highly selective inhibitory synapses onto ipRGCs, resulting in a blue-OFF response. Identification of the S-cone amacrine cell provides the missing component of an evolutionarily ancient circuit using spectral information for non-image forming visual functions.","publisher":"Elsevier BV","publication_name":"Current Biology"},"translated_abstract":"Melanopsin-expressing, intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) synchronize our biological clocks with the external light/dark cycle [1]. In addition to photoentrainment, they mediate the effects of light experience as a central modulator of mood, learning, and health [2]. This makes a complete account of the circuity responsible for ipRGCs\u0026#39; light responses essential to understanding their diverse roles in our well-being. Considerable progress has been made in understanding ipRGCs\u0026#39; melanopsin-mediated responses in rodents [3-5]. However, in primates, ipRGCs also have a rare blue-OFF response mediated by an unknown short-wavelength-sensitive (S)-cone circuit [6]. Identifying this S-cone circuit is particularly important because ipRGCs mediate many of the wide-ranging effects of short-wavelength light on human biology. These effects are often attributed to melanopsin, but there is evidence for an S-cone contribution as well [7, 8]. Here, we tested the hypothesis that the S-OFF response is mediated by the S-ON pathway through inhibitory input from an undiscovered S-cone amacrine cell. Using serial electron microscopy in the macaque retina, we reconstructed the neurons and synapses of the S-cone connectome, revealing a novel inhibitory interneuron, an amacrine cell, receiving excitatory glutamatergic input exclusively from S-ON bipolar cells. This S-cone amacrine cell makes highly selective inhibitory synapses onto ipRGCs, resulting in a blue-OFF response. Identification of the S-cone amacrine cell provides the missing component of an evolutionarily ancient circuit using spectral information for non-image forming visual functions.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/64588853/A_Color_Vision_Circuit_for_Non_Image_Forming_Vision_in_the_Primate_Retina","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2021-12-16T09:46:11.613-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":38795542,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"A_Color_Vision_Circuit_for_Non_Image_Forming_Vision_in_the_Primate_Retina","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":38795542,"first_name":"Jay","middle_initials":"","last_name":"Neitz","page_name":"JayNeitz","domain_name":"washington","created_at":"2015-11-20T15:32:10.707-08:00","display_name":"Jay Neitz","url":"https://washington.academia.edu/JayNeitz"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[{"id":7710,"name":"Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology"},{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine"},{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences"},{"id":2922956,"name":"Psychology and Cognitive Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology_and_Cognitive_Sciences"},{"id":3763225,"name":"Medical and Health Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_and_Health_Sciences"}],"urls":[{"id":15236147,"url":"https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0960982220300841?httpAccept=text/xml"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="64588839"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/64588839/The_association_between_L_M_cone_ratio_cone_opsin_genes_and_myopia_susceptibility"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of The association between L:M cone ratio, cone opsin genes and myopia susceptibility" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/76556055/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/64588839/The_association_between_L_M_cone_ratio_cone_opsin_genes_and_myopia_susceptibility">The association between L:M cone ratio, cone opsin genes and myopia susceptibility</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Vision Research</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="f0ac5a024888c8480e54bc101470171c" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":76556055,"asset_id":64588839,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/76556055/download_file?st=MTczMjQ0MDY1OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="64588839"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="64588839"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 64588839; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=64588839]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=64588839]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 64588839; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='64588839']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 64588839, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "f0ac5a024888c8480e54bc101470171c" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=64588839]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":64588839,"title":"The association between L:M cone ratio, cone opsin genes and myopia susceptibility","translated_title":"","metadata":{"publisher":"Elsevier BV","grobid_abstract":"In syndromic forms of myopia caused by long (L) to middle (M) wavelength (L/M) interchange mutations, erroneous contrast signals from ON-bipolar cells activated by cones with different levels of opsin expression are suggested to make the eye susceptible to increased growth. This susceptibility is modulated by the L:M cone ratio. Here, we examined L and M opsin genes, L:M cone ratios and their association with common refractive errors in a population with low myopia prevalence. Cycloplegic autorefraction and ocular biometry were obtained for Norwegian genetically-confirmed normal trichromats. L:M cone ratios were estimated from spectral sensitivity functions measured with full-field ERG, after adjusting for individual differences in the wavelength of peak absorption deduced from cone opsin genetics. Mean L:M cone ratios and the frequency of alanine at L opsin position 180 were higher in males than what has been reported in males in populations with high myopia prevalence. High L:M cone ratios in females were associated with lower degree of myopia, and myopia was more frequent in females who were heterozygous for L opsin exon 3 haplotypes than in those who were homozygous. The results suggest that the L:M cone ratio, combined with milder versions of L opsin gene polymorphisms, may play a role in common myopia. This may in part explain the low myopia prevalence in Norwegian adolescents and why myopia prevalence was higher in females who were heterozygous for the L opsin exon 3 haplotype, since females are twice as likely to have genetic polymorphisms carried on the X-chromosome.","publication_name":"Vision Research","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":76556055},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/64588839/The_association_between_L_M_cone_ratio_cone_opsin_genes_and_myopia_susceptibility","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2021-12-16T09:46:09.210-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":38795542,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":76556055,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/76556055/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Hagen-Arnegard-Gilson-Baraas-The_association_between.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/76556055/download_file?st=MTczMjQ0MDY1OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"The_association_between_L_M_cone_ratio_c.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/76556055/Hagen-Arnegard-Gilson-Baraas-The_association_between-libre.pdf?1639678792=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DThe_association_between_L_M_cone_ratio_c.pdf\u0026Expires=1732443009\u0026Signature=cpuHL0ejC12S1vbmEH1tbJ2Giii0Cos2rLFqetnOLuySOYQKrCNIUR0u38oCPQ0Ld23YniIqy8ReI1Qndx3RB5EI3I2ze-ESAljnZnRy52YcQuCqEMD6Vvzwj4LHGJo91hjsLBE3TdoCjnrlRtmBwQCg-HfRbWi1Ix1i6RwSrWtuxIt5knPl~tSC6Tr7AOGLlRzWbBXciY851804rsN~qnMNRDP6Rs2aAi8jrjTKPQXOj5iEgZSllP1DZsDKQuCoolpbnkMLD9vZs5qJEP7mP3IkZ~YQw9zh6KeTQyc8NJfML~aR20qhP1rGFEPK3PNdfy9UPci6R-Wk9WHeQxFNcw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"The_association_between_L_M_cone_ratio_cone_opsin_genes_and_myopia_susceptibility","translated_slug":"","page_count":9,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":38795542,"first_name":"Jay","middle_initials":"","last_name":"Neitz","page_name":"JayNeitz","domain_name":"washington","created_at":"2015-11-20T15:32:10.707-08:00","display_name":"Jay Neitz","url":"https://washington.academia.edu/JayNeitz"},"attachments":[{"id":76556055,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/76556055/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Hagen-Arnegard-Gilson-Baraas-The_association_between.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/76556055/download_file?st=MTczMjQ0MDY1OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"The_association_between_L_M_cone_ratio_c.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/76556055/Hagen-Arnegard-Gilson-Baraas-The_association_between-libre.pdf?1639678792=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DThe_association_between_L_M_cone_ratio_c.pdf\u0026Expires=1732443009\u0026Signature=cpuHL0ejC12S1vbmEH1tbJ2Giii0Cos2rLFqetnOLuySOYQKrCNIUR0u38oCPQ0Ld23YniIqy8ReI1Qndx3RB5EI3I2ze-ESAljnZnRy52YcQuCqEMD6Vvzwj4LHGJo91hjsLBE3TdoCjnrlRtmBwQCg-HfRbWi1Ix1i6RwSrWtuxIt5knPl~tSC6Tr7AOGLlRzWbBXciY851804rsN~qnMNRDP6Rs2aAi8jrjTKPQXOj5iEgZSllP1DZsDKQuCoolpbnkMLD9vZs5qJEP7mP3IkZ~YQw9zh6KeTQyc8NJfML~aR20qhP1rGFEPK3PNdfy9UPci6R-Wk9WHeQxFNcw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":59692,"name":"Vision","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vision"},{"id":2922956,"name":"Psychology and Cognitive Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology_and_Cognitive_Sciences"},{"id":3763225,"name":"Medical and Health Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_and_Health_Sciences"}],"urls":[{"id":15236142,"url":"https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0042698919301270?httpAccept=text/xml"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="64588832"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/64588832/An_S_cone_circuit_for_edge_detection_in_the_primate_retina"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of An S-cone circuit for edge detection in the primate retina" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/76556040/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/64588832/An_S_cone_circuit_for_edge_detection_in_the_primate_retina">An S-cone circuit for edge detection in the primate retina</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Midget retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) are the most common RGC type in the primate retina. Their re...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Midget retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) are the most common RGC type in the primate retina. Their responses mediate both color and spatial vision, yet the specific links between midget RGC responses and visual perception are unclear. Previous research on the dual roles of midget RGCs has focused on those comparing long (L) vs. middle (M) wavelength sensitive cones. However, there is evidence for several other rare midget RGC subtypes receiving S-cone input, but their role in color and spatial vision is uncertain. Here, we confirm the existence of the single S-cone center OFF midget RGC circuit in the central retina of macaque monkey both structurally and functionally, by combining single cell electrophysiology with 3D electron microscopy reconstructions of the upstream circuitry. Like the well-studied L vs. M midget RGCs, the S-OFF midget RGCs have a center-surround receptive field consistent with a role in spatial vision. While spectral opponency in a primate RGC is classically assume...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="a6a00de08640787ee112bbfec20da10a" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":76556040,"asset_id":64588832,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/76556040/download_file?st=MTczMjQ0MDY1OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="64588832"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="64588832"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 64588832; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=64588832]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=64588832]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 64588832; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='64588832']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 64588832, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "a6a00de08640787ee112bbfec20da10a" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=64588832]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":64588832,"title":"An S-cone circuit for edge detection in the primate retina","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Midget retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) are the most common RGC type in the primate retina. Their responses mediate both color and spatial vision, yet the specific links between midget RGC responses and visual perception are unclear. Previous research on the dual roles of midget RGCs has focused on those comparing long (L) vs. middle (M) wavelength sensitive cones. However, there is evidence for several other rare midget RGC subtypes receiving S-cone input, but their role in color and spatial vision is uncertain. Here, we confirm the existence of the single S-cone center OFF midget RGC circuit in the central retina of macaque monkey both structurally and functionally, by combining single cell electrophysiology with 3D electron microscopy reconstructions of the upstream circuitry. Like the well-studied L vs. M midget RGCs, the S-OFF midget RGCs have a center-surround receptive field consistent with a role in spatial vision. While spectral opponency in a primate RGC is classically assume...","publisher":"Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory"},"translated_abstract":"Midget retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) are the most common RGC type in the primate retina. Their responses mediate both color and spatial vision, yet the specific links between midget RGC responses and visual perception are unclear. Previous research on the dual roles of midget RGCs has focused on those comparing long (L) vs. middle (M) wavelength sensitive cones. However, there is evidence for several other rare midget RGC subtypes receiving S-cone input, but their role in color and spatial vision is uncertain. Here, we confirm the existence of the single S-cone center OFF midget RGC circuit in the central retina of macaque monkey both structurally and functionally, by combining single cell electrophysiology with 3D electron microscopy reconstructions of the upstream circuitry. Like the well-studied L vs. M midget RGCs, the S-OFF midget RGCs have a center-surround receptive field consistent with a role in spatial vision. 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