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overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; -webkit-line-clamp: 3; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; }</style><div class="col-xs-12 clearfix"><div class="u-floatLeft"><h1 class="PageHeader-title u-m0x u-fs30">Optical Fiber Communications</h1><div class="u-tcGrayDark">51,202 Followers</div><div class="u-tcGrayDark u-mt2x">Recent papers in <b>Optical Fiber Communications</b></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="TabbedNavigation"><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-12 clearfix"><ul class="nav u-m0x u-p0x list-inline u-displayFlex"><li class="active"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optical_Fiber_Communications">Top Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optical_Fiber_Communications/MostCited">Most Cited Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optical_Fiber_Communications/MostDownloaded">Most Downloaded Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optical_Fiber_Communications/MostRecent">Newest Papers</a></li><li><a class="" href="https://www.academia.edu/People/Optical_Fiber_Communications">People</a></li></ul></div><style type="text/css">ul.nav{flex-direction:row}@media(max-width: 567px){ul.nav{flex-direction:column}.TabbedNavigation li{max-width:100%}.TabbedNavigation li.active{background-color:var(--background-grey, #dddde2)}.TabbedNavigation li.active:before,.TabbedNavigation li.active:after{display:none}}</style></div></div></div><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-12"><div class="u-displayFlex"><div class="u-flexGrow1"><div class="works"><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_69157203" data-work_id="69157203" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/69157203/Efficient_Resource_Reservation_for_Optical_Burst_Switching_Networks">Efficient Resource Reservation for Optical Burst Switching Networks</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Optical burst switching (OBS) is one promising method for data transfer in photonic networks based on a WDM (Wavelength Division Multiplexing) technology. In the OBS scheme, the wavelength is exclusively reserved along the source and... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_69157203" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Optical burst switching (OBS) is one promising method for data transfer in photonic networks based on a WDM (Wavelength Division Multiplexing) technology. In the OBS scheme, the wavelength is exclusively reserved along the source and destination nodes, when the burst data is generated at the source. Then, efficient data transfer is expected. However, its performance is heavily dependent on the number of links that the lightpath goes through. TCP-based applications account for a majority of data traffic in the Internet; thus understanding and improving the performance of TCP over OBS networks is critical. In this paper, we present a new parallel wavelength reservation method for optical burst switching (OBS) networks based on adapting the set of potential wavelengths with the number of hops in the path. The uniqueness of this work when compared to existing works is that buffering resources, which consist of Optical Delay Lines (ODLs), are considered in the reservation mechanism. The consequence of this is that the time made by the segments in the various buffers across the selected path is taken into consideration. Various simulation experiments have been conducted to evaluate the performance of the scheme. It is found that our approach has better performance than previous related works reported in the literature.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/69157203" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="a5d49afc44466995e8f9df589d061b7e" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":79360799,"asset_id":69157203,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/79360799/download_file?st=MTc0MDUwNTMwNyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="13919913" href="https://independent.academia.edu/noureddineboudriga">noureddine boudriga</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="13919913" type="text/json">{"id":13919913,"first_name":"noureddine","last_name":"boudriga","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"noureddineboudriga","display_name":"noureddine boudriga","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/noureddineboudriga?f_ri=2180","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_69157203 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="69157203"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 69157203, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_69157203", }); 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In the OBS scheme, the wavelength is exclusively reserved along the source and destination nodes, when the burst data is generated at the source. Then, efficient data transfer is expected. However, its performance is heavily dependent on the number of links that the lightpath goes through. TCP-based applications account for a majority of data traffic in the Internet; thus understanding and improving the performance of TCP over OBS networks is critical. In this paper, we present a new parallel wavelength reservation method for optical burst switching (OBS) networks based on adapting the set of potential wavelengths with the number of hops in the path. The uniqueness of this work when compared to existing works is that buffering resources, which consist of Optical Delay Lines (ODLs), are considered in the reservation mechanism. The consequence of this is that the time made by the segments in the various buffers across the selected path is taken into consideration. Various simulation experiments have been conducted to evaluate the performance of the scheme. 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operation in the O-band. A wavelength tuning range greater than 40 nm,... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_70540840" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Two twelve-channel arrays based on surface-etched slot gratings, one with nonuniformly spaced slots and another with uniformly spaced slots are presented for laser operation in the O-band. A wavelength tuning range greater than 40 nm, with a side-mode suppression ratio (SMSR) > 40 dB over much of this range and output power greater than 20 mW, was obtained for the array with non-uniform slots over a temperature range of 15°C-60°C. The introduction of multiple slot periods, chosen such that there is minimal overlap among the side reflection peaks, is employed to suppress modes lasing one free spectral range (FSR) from the intended wavelength. The tuning range of the array with uniformly spaced slots, on the other hand, was found to be discontinuous due to mode-hopping to modes one FSR away from the intended lasing mode which are not adequately suppressed. Spectral linewidth was found to vary across devices with the lowest measured linewidths in the range of 2 MHz to 4 MHz.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/70540840" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="a1fe23a6435c1d624947aad4fe21bcd2" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":80250442,"asset_id":70540840,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/80250442/download_file?st=MTc0MDUwNTMwNyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="212396142" rel="nofollow" href="https://cardiff.academia.edu/Nicol%C3%A1sAbad%C3%ADa">Nicolás Abadía</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="212396142" type="text/json">{"id":212396142,"first_name":"Nicolás","last_name":"Abadía","domain_name":"cardiff","page_name":"NicolásAbadía","display_name":"Nicolás Abadía","profile_url":"https://cardiff.academia.edu/Nicol%C3%A1sAbad%C3%ADa?f_ri=2180","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/212396142/71519634/114347571/s65_nicol_s.abad_a.jpeg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-70540840">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-70540840"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/MichaelMcDermott34">Michael McDermott</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-70540840'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-70540840').html(); 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Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=38413844]'), work: {"id":38413844,"title":"Optical Communication System","created_at":"2019-02-22T00:42:48.997-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/38413844/Optical_Communication_System?f_ri=2180","dom_id":"work_38413844","summary":"slides about optical communication system","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":58472169,"asset_id":38413844,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":56050500,"first_name":"ainur rizqi","last_name":"aulia","domain_name":"telkomuniversity","page_name":"aulaulia","display_name":"ainur rizqi aulia","profile_url":"https://telkomuniversity.academia.edu/aulaulia?f_ri=2180","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/56050500/15063450/18817991/s65_aul.aulia.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":48,"name":"Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering?f_ri=2180","nofollow":true},{"id":87,"name":"Telecommunications Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Telecommunications_Engineering?f_ri=2180","nofollow":true},{"id":2180,"name":"Optical Fiber Communications","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optical_Fiber_Communications?f_ri=2180","nofollow":true},{"id":2182,"name":"Fiber Optics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fiber_Optics?f_ri=2180","nofollow":true},{"id":6223,"name":"English","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/English?f_ri=2180"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_5326749" data-work_id="5326749" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/5326749/Average_Capacity_of_Optical_Wireless_Communication_Systems_Over_Atmospheric_Turbulence_Channels">Average Capacity of Optical Wireless Communication Systems Over Atmospheric Turbulence Channels</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The optical wireless communication systems are rapidly gaining popularity as effective means of transferring data at high rates over short distances. These systems facilitate rapidly deployable, lightweight, high-capacity communication... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_5326749" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The optical wireless communication systems are rapidly gaining popularity as effective means of transferring data at high rates over short distances. These systems facilitate rapidly deployable, lightweight, high-capacity communication without licensing fees and tariffs. On the other hand, the performance of this new technology depends strongly on the atmospheric conditions and the parameters of the link such as the length and the operation wavelength. In this work, we extract closed form mathematical expression for the evaluation of the average (ergodic) capacity of such a system, using the log-normal and gamma-gamma distribution, in order to model the atmospheric turbulence conditions and we study the influence of the above parameters on it.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/5326749" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="b3e7839e645800f1916aa454175f6825" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":49341981,"asset_id":5326749,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/49341981/download_file?st=MTc0MDUwNTMwOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="3500027" href="https://uoa.academia.edu/GeorgeSTombras">George S Tombras</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="3500027" type="text/json">{"id":3500027,"first_name":"George","last_name":"Tombras","domain_name":"uoa","page_name":"GeorgeSTombras","display_name":"George S Tombras","profile_url":"https://uoa.academia.edu/GeorgeSTombras?f_ri=2180","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3500027/3482102/4091325/s65_george.tombras.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_5326749 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="5326749"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 5326749, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_5326749", }); 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These systems facilitate rapidly deployable, lightweight, high-capacity communication without licensing fees and tariffs. On the other hand, the performance of this new technology depends strongly on the atmospheric conditions and the parameters of the link such as the length and the operation wavelength. In this work, we extract closed form mathematical expression for the evaluation of the average (ergodic) capacity of such a system, using the log-normal and gamma-gamma distribution, in order to model the atmospheric turbulence conditions and we study the influence of the above parameters on it.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":49341981,"asset_id":5326749,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":3500027,"first_name":"George","last_name":"Tombras","domain_name":"uoa","page_name":"GeorgeSTombras","display_name":"George S Tombras","profile_url":"https://uoa.academia.edu/GeorgeSTombras?f_ri=2180","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3500027/3482102/4091325/s65_george.tombras.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2180,"name":"Optical Fiber Communications","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optical_Fiber_Communications?f_ri=2180","nofollow":true},{"id":42555,"name":"Communication System","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Communication_System?f_ri=2180","nofollow":true},{"id":59546,"name":"New Technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/New_Technology?f_ri=2180","nofollow":true},{"id":117735,"name":"Atmospheric Turbulence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Atmospheric_Turbulence?f_ri=2180","nofollow":true},{"id":263152,"name":"Optical physics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optical_physics?f_ri=2180"},{"id":1237788,"name":"Electrical And Electronic Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electrical_And_Electronic_Engineering?f_ri=2180"},{"id":1241680,"name":"Lightwave","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lightwave?f_ri=2180"},{"id":1268978,"name":"Optical Wireless","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optical_Wireless?f_ri=2180"},{"id":1400558,"name":"Channel Capacity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Channel_Capacity?f_ri=2180"},{"id":1807832,"name":"Gamma Distribution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gamma_Distribution?f_ri=2180"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_29532817" data-work_id="29532817" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/29532817/56_Gb_s_PAM_4_Data_Transmission_Over_a_1_m_Long_Multimode_Polymer_Interconnect">56 Gb/s PAM-4 Data Transmission Over a 1 m Long Multimode Polymer Interconnect</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Advanced modulation formats can enable >40 Gb/s data rates in waveguide-based optical interconnects without the need for high-specification optoelectronic components. Record 56Gb/s PAM-4 data transmission is demonstrated over a 1 m-long... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_29532817" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Advanced modulation formats can enable >40 Gb/s data rates in waveguide-based optical interconnects without the need for high-specification optoelectronic components. Record 56Gb/s PAM-4 data transmission is demonstrated over a 1 m-long multimode polymer waveguide.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/29532817" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="35d06137aca183303a361ab1c2ffbef4" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":49974443,"asset_id":29532817,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/49974443/download_file?st=MTc0MDUwNTMwOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="55827273" href="https://cambridge.academia.edu/JianChen">Jian Chen</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="55827273" type="text/json">{"id":55827273,"first_name":"Jian","last_name":"Chen","domain_name":"cambridge","page_name":"JianChen","display_name":"Jian Chen","profile_url":"https://cambridge.academia.edu/JianChen?f_ri=2180","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/55827273/14704341/15529831/s65_jian.chen.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_29532817 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="29532817"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 29532817, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_29532817", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_29532817 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 29532817; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_29532817"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_29532817 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="29532817"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 29532817; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=29532817]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_29532817").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_29532817").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="29532817"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">27</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="49" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electrical_Engineering">Electrical Engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="49" type="text/json">{"id":49,"name":"Electrical Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electrical_Engineering?f_ri=2180","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="50" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electronic_Engineering">Electronic Engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="50" type="text/json">{"id":50,"name":"Electronic Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electronic_Engineering?f_ri=2180","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="59" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polymer_Engineering">Polymer Engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="59" type="text/json">{"id":59,"name":"Polymer Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polymer_Engineering?f_ri=2180","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="82" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optical_Engineering">Optical Engineering</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="82" type="text/json">{"id":82,"name":"Optical Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optical_Engineering?f_ri=2180","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=29532817]'), work: {"id":29532817,"title":"56 Gb/s PAM-4 Data Transmission Over a 1 m Long Multimode Polymer Interconnect","created_at":"2016-10-29T23:00:12.086-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/29532817/56_Gb_s_PAM_4_Data_Transmission_Over_a_1_m_Long_Multimode_Polymer_Interconnect?f_ri=2180","dom_id":"work_29532817","summary":"Advanced modulation formats can enable \u003e40 Gb/s data rates in waveguide-based optical interconnects without the need for high-specification optoelectronic components. Record 56Gb/s PAM-4 data transmission is demonstrated over a 1 m-long multimode polymer waveguide.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":49974443,"asset_id":29532817,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":55827273,"first_name":"Jian","last_name":"Chen","domain_name":"cambridge","page_name":"JianChen","display_name":"Jian Chen","profile_url":"https://cambridge.academia.edu/JianChen?f_ri=2180","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/55827273/14704341/15529831/s65_jian.chen.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":49,"name":"Electrical Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electrical_Engineering?f_ri=2180","nofollow":true},{"id":50,"name":"Electronic Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electronic_Engineering?f_ri=2180","nofollow":true},{"id":59,"name":"Polymer Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polymer_Engineering?f_ri=2180","nofollow":true},{"id":82,"name":"Optical Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optical_Engineering?f_ri=2180","nofollow":true},{"id":516,"name":"Optics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optics?f_ri=2180"},{"id":2180,"name":"Optical Fiber Communications","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optical_Fiber_Communications?f_ri=2180"},{"id":2345,"name":"Wireless Communications","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wireless_Communications?f_ri=2180"},{"id":2526,"name":"Polymer Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polymer_Chemistry?f_ri=2180"},{"id":2720,"name":"Polymer science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polymer_science?f_ri=2180"},{"id":4758,"name":"Electronics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electronics?f_ri=2180"},{"id":12115,"name":"Optical Communication","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optical_Communication?f_ri=2180"},{"id":21466,"name":"Polymers","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polymers?f_ri=2180"},{"id":24925,"name":"Modulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Modulation?f_ri=2180"},{"id":34550,"name":"Polymer Nanocomposites","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polymer_Nanocomposites?f_ri=2180"},{"id":42561,"name":"Optical Waveguides","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optical_Waveguides?f_ri=2180"},{"id":44147,"name":"Silicon Photonics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Silicon_Photonics?f_ri=2180"},{"id":44150,"name":"Integrated Optics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Integrated_Optics?f_ri=2180"},{"id":58527,"name":"Polymer","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polymer?f_ri=2180"},{"id":172491,"name":"Plastic optical fiber","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plastic_optical_fiber?f_ri=2180"},{"id":175074,"name":"Optical Interconnects","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optical_Interconnects?f_ri=2180"},{"id":176598,"name":"Optical interconnects for high performance computing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optical_interconnects_for_high_performance_computing?f_ri=2180"},{"id":253171,"name":"polymer science and Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/polymer_science_and_Engineering?f_ri=2180"},{"id":263152,"name":"Optical physics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optical_physics?f_ri=2180"},{"id":389135,"name":"Polymer waveguides","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polymer_waveguides?f_ri=2180"},{"id":404996,"name":"Optical fiber","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optical_fiber?f_ri=2180"},{"id":527098,"name":"Multimode Fiber","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multimode_Fiber?f_ri=2180"},{"id":696336,"name":"Optical Systems (Advanced Optical Modulation and Multiplexing Techniques","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optical_Systems_Advanced_Optical_Modulation_and_Multiplexing_Techniques?f_ri=2180"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_66611471" data-work_id="66611471" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/66611471/Adaptive_threshold_based_decision_for_efficient_hybrid_deflection_and_retransmission_scheme_in_OBS_networks">Adaptive threshold-based decision for efficient hybrid deflection and retransmission scheme in OBS networks</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Burst contention is a well-known challenging problem in Optical Burst Switching (OBS) networks. Deflection routing is used to resolve contention. Burst retransmission is used to reduce the Burst Loss Ratio (BLR) by retransmitting dropped... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_66611471" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Burst contention is a well-known challenging problem in Optical Burst Switching (OBS) networks. Deflection routing is used to resolve contention. Burst retransmission is used to reduce the Burst Loss Ratio (BLR) by retransmitting dropped bursts. Previous works show that combining deflection and retransmission outperforms both pure deflection and pure retransmission approaches. This paper proposes a new Adaptive Hybrid Deflection and Retransmission (AHDR) approach that dynamically combines deflection and retransmission approaches based on network conditions such as BLR and link utilization. Network Simulator 2 (ns-2) is used to simulate the proposed approach on different network topologies. Simulation results show that the proposed approach outperforms static approaches in terms of BLR by using an adaptive decision threshold.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/66611471" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="d651b78115de7fd9c96e55a8326e0e6a" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":77734024,"asset_id":66611471,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/77734024/download_file?st=MTc0MDUwNTMwOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="692338" href="https://aum-kw.academia.edu/WaelHosnyFouadAly">Wael Hosny Fouad Aly</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="692338" type="text/json">{"id":692338,"first_name":"Wael Hosny Fouad","last_name":"Aly","domain_name":"aum-kw","page_name":"WaelHosnyFouadAly","display_name":"Wael Hosny Fouad Aly","profile_url":"https://aum-kw.academia.edu/WaelHosnyFouadAly?f_ri=2180","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/692338/1287401/4949509/s65_wael_hosny_fouad.aly.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_66611471 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="66611471"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 66611471, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_66611471", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_66611471 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 66611471; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_66611471"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_66611471 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="66611471"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 66611471; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=66611471]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_66611471").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_66611471").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="66611471"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">8</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="422" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Science">Computer Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="422" type="text/json">{"id":422,"name":"Computer Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Science?f_ri=2180","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2180" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optical_Fiber_Communications">Optical Fiber Communications</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2180" type="text/json">{"id":2180,"name":"Optical Fiber Communications","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optical_Fiber_Communications?f_ri=2180","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="157552" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Internet_Architecture">Internet Architecture</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="157552" type="text/json">{"id":157552,"name":"Internet Architecture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Internet_Architecture?f_ri=2180","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="181515" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optical_Burst_Switching">Optical Burst Switching</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="181515" type="text/json">{"id":181515,"name":"Optical Burst Switching","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optical_Burst_Switching?f_ri=2180","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=66611471]'), work: {"id":66611471,"title":"Adaptive threshold-based decision for efficient hybrid deflection and retransmission scheme in OBS networks","created_at":"2021-12-30T11:38:16.358-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/66611471/Adaptive_threshold_based_decision_for_efficient_hybrid_deflection_and_retransmission_scheme_in_OBS_networks?f_ri=2180","dom_id":"work_66611471","summary":"Burst contention is a well-known challenging problem in Optical Burst Switching (OBS) networks. Deflection routing is used to resolve contention. Burst retransmission is used to reduce the Burst Loss Ratio (BLR) by retransmitting dropped bursts. Previous works show that combining deflection and retransmission outperforms both pure deflection and pure retransmission approaches. This paper proposes a new Adaptive Hybrid Deflection and Retransmission (AHDR) approach that dynamically combines deflection and retransmission approaches based on network conditions such as BLR and link utilization. Network Simulator 2 (ns-2) is used to simulate the proposed approach on different network topologies. Simulation results show that the proposed approach outperforms static approaches in terms of BLR by using an adaptive decision threshold.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":77734024,"asset_id":66611471,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":692338,"first_name":"Wael Hosny Fouad","last_name":"Aly","domain_name":"aum-kw","page_name":"WaelHosnyFouadAly","display_name":"Wael Hosny Fouad Aly","profile_url":"https://aum-kw.academia.edu/WaelHosnyFouadAly?f_ri=2180","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/692338/1287401/4949509/s65_wael_hosny_fouad.aly.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":422,"name":"Computer Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Science?f_ri=2180","nofollow":true},{"id":2180,"name":"Optical Fiber Communications","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optical_Fiber_Communications?f_ri=2180","nofollow":true},{"id":157552,"name":"Internet Architecture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Internet_Architecture?f_ri=2180","nofollow":true},{"id":181515,"name":"Optical Burst Switching","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optical_Burst_Switching?f_ri=2180","nofollow":true},{"id":539410,"name":"Network Topology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Network_Topology?f_ri=2180"},{"id":1127947,"name":"Network Simulator","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Network_Simulator?f_ri=2180"},{"id":1241310,"name":"Adaptive Thresholding","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adaptive_Thresholding?f_ri=2180"},{"id":1989022,"name":"Deflection routing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Deflection_routing?f_ri=2180"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_42364392" data-work_id="42364392" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/42364392/Security_Algorithms_in_Cloud_Computing">Security Algorithms in Cloud Computing</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Network and Internet applications are growing very fast since the need to secure these applications are very fast. For this purpose cryptography algorithms (symmetric & Asymmetric) are proposed. The use of relevant algorithm deals with... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_42364392" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Network and Internet applications are growing very fast since the need to secure these applications are very fast. For this purpose cryptography algorithms (symmetric & Asymmetric) are proposed. The use of relevant algorithm deals with the level of data safety in the cloud because data security in cloud computing is a serious issue as the data centres are located worldwide. Authentication is the most essential procedure to ensure cloud data in a secured manner. However, strong user authentication is the main requirement for cloud computing that reduces the unauthorized user access of data on the cloud. Data security is a more important issue in cloud computing. Thus, the need to ensure the safety of the information that is exchanged between the users and the cloud became more significant. Many security and authentication techniques have been proposed to secure the exchanged data. These techniques aim to keep the authentication, privacy and reliability levels of data. Here in this survey paper, some algorithms in cloud computing are discussed.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/42364392" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="9356f3c93d680dc0ed4083c4b0cebfab" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":62524217,"asset_id":42364392,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/62524217/download_file?st=MTc0MDUwNTMwOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="151656368" href="https://itswtech.academia.edu/SaifHAlrubaee">Saif H. Alrubaee</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="151656368" type="text/json">{"id":151656368,"first_name":"Saif","last_name":"H. Alrubaee","domain_name":"itswtech","page_name":"SaifHAlrubaee","display_name":"Saif H. Alrubaee","profile_url":"https://itswtech.academia.edu/SaifHAlrubaee?f_ri=2180","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/151656368/42075234/47107843/s65_saif.h._alrubaee.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_42364392 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="42364392"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 42364392, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_42364392", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_42364392 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 42364392; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_42364392"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_42364392 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="42364392"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 42364392; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=42364392]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_42364392").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_42364392").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="42364392"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2180" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optical_Fiber_Communications">Optical Fiber Communications</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2180" type="text/json">{"id":2180,"name":"Optical Fiber Communications","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optical_Fiber_Communications?f_ri=2180","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2345" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wireless_Communications">Wireless Communications</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2345" type="text/json">{"id":2345,"name":"Wireless Communications","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wireless_Communications?f_ri=2180","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="18391" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mobile_Communication">Mobile Communication</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="18391" type="text/json">{"id":18391,"name":"Mobile Communication","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mobile_Communication?f_ri=2180","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1278637" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/5G_Mobile_Communications">5G Mobile Communications</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="1278637" type="text/json">{"id":1278637,"name":"5G Mobile Communications","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/5G_Mobile_Communications?f_ri=2180","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=42364392]'), work: {"id":42364392,"title":"Security Algorithms in Cloud Computing","created_at":"2020-03-29T02:36:17.009-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/42364392/Security_Algorithms_in_Cloud_Computing?f_ri=2180","dom_id":"work_42364392","summary":"Network and Internet applications are growing very fast since the need to secure these applications are very fast. For this purpose cryptography algorithms (symmetric \u0026 Asymmetric) are proposed. The use of relevant algorithm deals with the level of data safety in the cloud because data security in cloud computing is a serious issue as the data centres are located worldwide. Authentication is the most essential procedure to ensure cloud data in a secured manner. However, strong user authentication is the main requirement for cloud computing that reduces the unauthorized user access of data on the cloud. Data security is a more important issue in cloud computing. Thus, the need to ensure the safety of the information that is exchanged between the users and the cloud became more significant. Many security and authentication techniques have been proposed to secure the exchanged data. These techniques aim to keep the authentication, privacy and reliability levels of data. Here in this survey paper, some algorithms in cloud computing are discussed.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":62524217,"asset_id":42364392,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":151656368,"first_name":"Saif","last_name":"H. Alrubaee","domain_name":"itswtech","page_name":"SaifHAlrubaee","display_name":"Saif H. Alrubaee","profile_url":"https://itswtech.academia.edu/SaifHAlrubaee?f_ri=2180","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/151656368/42075234/47107843/s65_saif.h._alrubaee.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2180,"name":"Optical Fiber Communications","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optical_Fiber_Communications?f_ri=2180","nofollow":true},{"id":2345,"name":"Wireless Communications","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wireless_Communications?f_ri=2180","nofollow":true},{"id":18391,"name":"Mobile Communication","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mobile_Communication?f_ri=2180","nofollow":true},{"id":1278637,"name":"5G Mobile Communications","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/5G_Mobile_Communications?f_ri=2180","nofollow":true},{"id":2537688,"name":"Internet of Vehicles","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Internet_of_Vehicles?f_ri=2180"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_35479763" data-work_id="35479763" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/35479763/Artur_Dybko_%C5%9Awiat%C5%82owodowy_czujnik_do_pomiaru_st%C4%99%C5%BCenia_jon%C3%B3w_hydroniowych_Praca_dyplomowa_magisterska_">Artur Dybko, Światłowodowy czujnik do pomiaru stężenia jonów hydroniowych, Praca dyplomowa magisterska,</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Artur Dybko, Światłowodowy czujnik do pomiaru stężenia jonów hydroniowych, Praca dyplomowa magisterska, Instytut Podstaw Elektroniki, Politechnika Warszawska, 1990 (okładka, spis treści, dedykacja) Wstęp, Przegląd konstrukcji... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_35479763" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Artur Dybko, Światłowodowy czujnik do pomiaru stężenia jonów hydroniowych, Praca dyplomowa magisterska, Instytut Podstaw Elektroniki, Politechnika Warszawska, 1990  (okładka, spis treści, dedykacja) <br />Wstęp, <br />Przegląd konstrukcji pH-metrów światłowodowych, <br />Wybór metody pomiarowyej, <br />Wyniki prac doświadczalnych, <br />Sugestie dalszych prac, <br />Dodatek chemiczny <br />Literatura.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/35479763" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="103d9f1c7bad23608c353296bd939c0f" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":55342259,"asset_id":35479763,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/55342259/download_file?st=MTc0MDUwNTMwOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="32940935" href="https://pw.academia.edu/RyszardRomaniuk">Ryszard Romaniuk</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="32940935" type="text/json">{"id":32940935,"first_name":"Ryszard","last_name":"Romaniuk","domain_name":"pw","page_name":"RyszardRomaniuk","display_name":"Ryszard Romaniuk","profile_url":"https://pw.academia.edu/RyszardRomaniuk?f_ri=2180","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/32940935/9796962/10915995/s65_ryszard.romaniuk.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_35479763 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="35479763"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 35479763, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_35479763", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_35479763 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 35479763; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_35479763"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_35479763 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="35479763"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 35479763; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=35479763]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_35479763").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_35479763").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="35479763"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">9</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="82" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optical_Engineering">Optical Engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="82" type="text/json">{"id":82,"name":"Optical Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optical_Engineering?f_ri=2180","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2180" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optical_Fiber_Communications">Optical Fiber Communications</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2180" type="text/json">{"id":2180,"name":"Optical Fiber Communications","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optical_Fiber_Communications?f_ri=2180","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4758" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electronics">Electronics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4758" type="text/json">{"id":4758,"name":"Electronics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electronics?f_ri=2180","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="10019" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Photonics">Photonics</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="10019" type="text/json">{"id":10019,"name":"Photonics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Photonics?f_ri=2180","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=35479763]'), work: {"id":35479763,"title":"Artur Dybko, Światłowodowy czujnik do pomiaru stężenia jonów hydroniowych, Praca dyplomowa magisterska,","created_at":"2017-12-20T11:15:44.952-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/35479763/Artur_Dybko_%C5%9Awiat%C5%82owodowy_czujnik_do_pomiaru_st%C4%99%C5%BCenia_jon%C3%B3w_hydroniowych_Praca_dyplomowa_magisterska_?f_ri=2180","dom_id":"work_35479763","summary":"Artur Dybko, Światłowodowy czujnik do pomiaru stężenia jonów hydroniowych, Praca dyplomowa magisterska, Instytut Podstaw Elektroniki, Politechnika Warszawska, 1990 (okładka, spis treści, dedykacja) \r\nWstęp,\r\nPrzegląd konstrukcji pH-metrów światłowodowych,\r\nWybór metody pomiarowyej,\r\nWyniki prac doświadczalnych,\r\nSugestie dalszych prac, \r\nDodatek chemiczny\r\nLiteratura.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":55342259,"asset_id":35479763,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":32940935,"first_name":"Ryszard","last_name":"Romaniuk","domain_name":"pw","page_name":"RyszardRomaniuk","display_name":"Ryszard Romaniuk","profile_url":"https://pw.academia.edu/RyszardRomaniuk?f_ri=2180","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/32940935/9796962/10915995/s65_ryszard.romaniuk.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":82,"name":"Optical Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optical_Engineering?f_ri=2180","nofollow":true},{"id":2180,"name":"Optical Fiber Communications","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optical_Fiber_Communications?f_ri=2180","nofollow":true},{"id":4758,"name":"Electronics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electronics?f_ri=2180","nofollow":true},{"id":10019,"name":"Photonics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Photonics?f_ri=2180","nofollow":true},{"id":16519,"name":"Fiber Optic Sensors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fiber_Optic_Sensors?f_ri=2180"},{"id":38512,"name":"Optical fiber sensors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optical_fiber_sensors?f_ri=2180"},{"id":44299,"name":"Optoelectronics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optoelectronics?f_ri=2180"},{"id":111833,"name":"Fibre Optics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fibre_Optics?f_ri=2180"},{"id":404996,"name":"Optical fiber","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optical_fiber?f_ri=2180"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_28056524" data-work_id="28056524" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/28056524/A_STUDY_ON_NANO_STRUCTURED_PLATES_BEHAVIOR_UNDER_LOW_VELOCITY_IMPACT_LOADING">A STUDY ON NANO STRUCTURED PLATES BEHAVIOR UNDER LOW VELOCITY IMPACT LOADING</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">An economical and viable option to conventional and high rate materials is the use of fiber glass/epoxy composites, but for impact applications their toughness still has to be enhanced. The toughness and additional mechanical properties... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_28056524" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">An economical and viable option to<br />conventional and high rate materials is the use of<br />fiber glass/epoxy composites, but for impact<br />applications their toughness still has to be enhanced.<br />The toughness and additional mechanical properties<br />can be improved by using very small amount of PET<br />into an epoxy system. In the present work epoxy<br />modified by way of MMT Clay (3 wt % of Epoxy)<br />& PET fiber is manufactured using hand layup<br />system. The nano composites have been<br />characterized using Impact, Tensile, Bending and<br />Microhardness tests. The mechanical properties are<br />compared by means of those found for PET<br />introduced epoxy nano composites. The mechanical<br />test shows that the presence of 1 wt% PET fiber<br />largely increases impact strength and flexural<br />strength. Micro hardness decreased at PET fiber<br />loading.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/28056524" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="cab2ffe2a1a2d373d47a893613b2ca62" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":48368968,"asset_id":28056524,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/48368968/download_file?st=MTc0MDUwNTMwOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="16358324" href="https://ijeete.academia.edu/Ijeete">IJEETE Journals</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="16358324" type="text/json">{"id":16358324,"first_name":"IJEETE","last_name":"Journals","domain_name":"ijeete","page_name":"Ijeete","display_name":"IJEETE Journals","profile_url":"https://ijeete.academia.edu/Ijeete?f_ri=2180","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/16358324/4443687/5151965/s65_a.bindal.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_28056524 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="28056524"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 28056524, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_28056524", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_28056524 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 28056524; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_28056524"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_28056524 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="28056524"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 28056524; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=28056524]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_28056524").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_28056524").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="28056524"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">2</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2180" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optical_Fiber_Communications">Optical Fiber Communications</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2180" type="text/json">{"id":2180,"name":"Optical Fiber Communications","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optical_Fiber_Communications?f_ri=2180","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2182" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fiber_Optics">Fiber Optics</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="2182" type="text/json">{"id":2182,"name":"Fiber Optics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fiber_Optics?f_ri=2180","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=28056524]'), work: {"id":28056524,"title":"A STUDY ON NANO STRUCTURED PLATES BEHAVIOR UNDER LOW VELOCITY IMPACT LOADING","created_at":"2016-08-27T19:04:08.897-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/28056524/A_STUDY_ON_NANO_STRUCTURED_PLATES_BEHAVIOR_UNDER_LOW_VELOCITY_IMPACT_LOADING?f_ri=2180","dom_id":"work_28056524","summary":"An economical and viable option to\nconventional and high rate materials is the use of\nfiber glass/epoxy composites, but for impact\napplications their toughness still has to be enhanced.\nThe toughness and additional mechanical properties\ncan be improved by using very small amount of PET\ninto an epoxy system. In the present work epoxy\nmodified by way of MMT Clay (3 wt % of Epoxy)\n\u0026 PET fiber is manufactured using hand layup\nsystem. The nano composites have been\ncharacterized using Impact, Tensile, Bending and\nMicrohardness tests. The mechanical properties are\ncompared by means of those found for PET\nintroduced epoxy nano composites. The mechanical\ntest shows that the presence of 1 wt% PET fiber\nlargely increases impact strength and flexural\nstrength. Micro hardness decreased at PET fiber\nloading.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":48368968,"asset_id":28056524,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":16358324,"first_name":"IJEETE","last_name":"Journals","domain_name":"ijeete","page_name":"Ijeete","display_name":"IJEETE Journals","profile_url":"https://ijeete.academia.edu/Ijeete?f_ri=2180","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/16358324/4443687/5151965/s65_a.bindal.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2180,"name":"Optical Fiber Communications","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optical_Fiber_Communications?f_ri=2180","nofollow":true},{"id":2182,"name":"Fiber Optics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fiber_Optics?f_ri=2180","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_14253224" data-work_id="14253224" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/14253224/A_Study_Performance_of_L_Band_Optical_Communication_System_for_NRZ_and_RZ_Format">A Study Performance of L-Band Optical Communication System for NRZ and RZ Format</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The performance of optical communication system is mainly determined by the various modulation formats in L band at different bit rates. The study of optical communication systems is multidisciplinary involving a wide range of area... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_14253224" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The performance of optical communication system is mainly determined by the various modulation formats in L band at different bit rates. The study of optical communication systems is multidisciplinary involving a wide range of area including: optical communication design, channel modeling, communications and information theory. Optisystem software is employed for analyzing these conditions and simulation of optical communication using Multiplex and Demultiplex by comparing with Return-to-zero (RZ), Non-Return-to-zero (NRZ) modulation formats. It has been investigated that in L band the distance covered with more data rates in RZ formats gives better results as compared to with NRZ. The high quality factor is obtained in case of RZ format. For RZ format the BER is 1.3486e-009 at 25Gbps and Q value is 6.847 at 1610nm.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/14253224" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="fa75eb8d7164fa33ac8692d74fd7b702" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":38246657,"asset_id":14253224,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/38246657/download_file?st=MTc0MDUwNTMwOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="33219903" href="https://gtia.academia.edu/GlobalTechnocratsandIntellectualAssociation">Global Technocrats and Intellectual Association</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="33219903" type="text/json">{"id":33219903,"first_name":"Global Technocrats and","last_name":"Intellectual Association","domain_name":"gtia","page_name":"GlobalTechnocratsandIntellectualAssociation","display_name":"Global Technocrats and Intellectual Association","profile_url":"https://gtia.academia.edu/GlobalTechnocratsandIntellectualAssociation?f_ri=2180","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_14253224 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="14253224"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 14253224, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_14253224", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_14253224 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 14253224; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_14253224"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_14253224 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="14253224"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 14253224; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=14253224]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_14253224").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_14253224").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="14253224"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">2</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="498" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physics">Physics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="498" type="text/json">{"id":498,"name":"Physics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physics?f_ri=2180","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2180" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optical_Fiber_Communications">Optical Fiber Communications</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="2180" type="text/json">{"id":2180,"name":"Optical Fiber Communications","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optical_Fiber_Communications?f_ri=2180","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=14253224]'), work: {"id":14253224,"title":"A Study Performance of L-Band Optical Communication System for NRZ and RZ Format","created_at":"2015-07-21T03:01:38.857-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/14253224/A_Study_Performance_of_L_Band_Optical_Communication_System_for_NRZ_and_RZ_Format?f_ri=2180","dom_id":"work_14253224","summary":"The performance of optical communication system is mainly determined by the various modulation formats in L band at different bit rates. The study of optical communication systems is multidisciplinary involving a wide range of area including: optical communication design, channel modeling, communications and information theory. Optisystem software is employed for analyzing these conditions and simulation of optical communication using Multiplex and Demultiplex by comparing with Return-to-zero (RZ), Non-Return-to-zero (NRZ) modulation formats. It has been investigated that in L band the distance covered with more data rates in RZ formats gives better results as compared to with NRZ. The high quality factor is obtained in case of RZ format. For RZ format the BER is 1.3486e-009 at 25Gbps and Q value is 6.847 at 1610nm.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":38246657,"asset_id":14253224,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":33219903,"first_name":"Global Technocrats and","last_name":"Intellectual Association","domain_name":"gtia","page_name":"GlobalTechnocratsandIntellectualAssociation","display_name":"Global Technocrats and Intellectual Association","profile_url":"https://gtia.academia.edu/GlobalTechnocratsandIntellectualAssociation?f_ri=2180","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":498,"name":"Physics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physics?f_ri=2180","nofollow":true},{"id":2180,"name":"Optical Fiber Communications","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optical_Fiber_Communications?f_ri=2180","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_6308926" data-work_id="6308926" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/6308926/An_approach_to_WLAN_Security">An approach to WLAN Security</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/6308926" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="6aa1408e34ae2c2e43b42adbedc1ddef" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":33148033,"asset_id":6308926,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/33148033/download_file?st=MTc0MDUwNTMwOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="9799018" href="https://mduroktak.academia.edu/satishkhatak">satish khatak</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="9799018" type="text/json">{"id":9799018,"first_name":"satish","last_name":"khatak","domain_name":"mduroktak","page_name":"satishkhatak","display_name":"satish khatak","profile_url":"https://mduroktak.academia.edu/satishkhatak?f_ri=2180","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_6308926 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="6308926"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 6308926, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_6308926", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_6308926 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 6308926; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_6308926"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_6308926 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="6308926"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 6308926; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=6308926]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_6308926").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_6308926").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="6308926"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2180" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optical_Fiber_Communications">Optical Fiber Communications</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2180" type="text/json">{"id":2180,"name":"Optical Fiber Communications","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optical_Fiber_Communications?f_ri=2180","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="10924" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optimization_techniques">Optimization techniques</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="10924" type="text/json">{"id":10924,"name":"Optimization techniques","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optimization_techniques?f_ri=2180","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="356735" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Photonic_Crystal_Fibers">Photonic Crystal Fibers</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="356735" type="text/json">{"id":356735,"name":"Photonic Crystal Fibers","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Photonic_Crystal_Fibers?f_ri=2180","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=6308926]'), work: {"id":6308926,"title":"An approach to WLAN Security","created_at":"2014-03-06T00:25:32.271-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/6308926/An_approach_to_WLAN_Security?f_ri=2180","dom_id":"work_6308926","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":33148033,"asset_id":6308926,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":9799018,"first_name":"satish","last_name":"khatak","domain_name":"mduroktak","page_name":"satishkhatak","display_name":"satish khatak","profile_url":"https://mduroktak.academia.edu/satishkhatak?f_ri=2180","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2180,"name":"Optical Fiber Communications","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optical_Fiber_Communications?f_ri=2180","nofollow":true},{"id":10924,"name":"Optimization techniques","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optimization_techniques?f_ri=2180","nofollow":true},{"id":356735,"name":"Photonic Crystal Fibers","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Photonic_Crystal_Fibers?f_ri=2180","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_78545982" data-work_id="78545982" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/78545982/A_Survey_of_Optical_Fiber_Communications_Challenges_and_Processing_Time_Influences">A Survey of Optical Fiber Communications: Challenges and Processing Time Influences</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Optical fibers are utilized widely for data transmission systems because of their capacity to carry extensive information and dielectric nature. Network architectures utilizing multiple wavelengths per optical fiber are used in central,... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_78545982" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Optical fibers are utilized widely for data transmission systems because of their capacity to carry extensive information and dielectric nature. Network architectures utilizing multiple wavelengths per optical fiber are used in central, metropolitan, or broad‐area applications to link thousands of users with a vast range of transmission speeds and capacities. A powerful feature of an optical communication link is sending several wavelengths through the 1300‐to‐1600‐ nm range of a fibre simultaneously. The technology of integrating several wavelengths onto a similar fiber is called wavelength division multiplexing (WDM). The principle of WDM utilized in concurrence with optical amplifiers has an outcome in communication links that permit rapid communications among users in the world&#39;s countries. This paper presents an overview of the challenges of fibre optic communication. This paper offers an outline of the areas to be the most relevant for the future advancement of optical com...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/78545982" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="2cbd0e77ea3fc92af484eb7aa699c9be" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":85556711,"asset_id":78545982,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/85556711/download_file?st=MTc0MDUwNTMwOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="138014836" href="https://sulypun.academia.edu/ZryanRashid">Zryan Rashid</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="138014836" type="text/json">{"id":138014836,"first_name":"Zryan","last_name":"Rashid","domain_name":"sulypun","page_name":"ZryanRashid","display_name":"Zryan Rashid","profile_url":"https://sulypun.academia.edu/ZryanRashid?f_ri=2180","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_78545982 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="78545982"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 78545982, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_78545982", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=78545982]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_78545982").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_78545982").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="78545982"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">6</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="422" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Science">Computer Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="422" type="text/json">{"id":422,"name":"Computer Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Science?f_ri=2180","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2180" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optical_Fiber_Communications">Optical Fiber Communications</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2180" type="text/json">{"id":2180,"name":"Optical Fiber Communications","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optical_Fiber_Communications?f_ri=2180","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="276894" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/FSO">FSO</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="276894" type="text/json">{"id":276894,"name":"FSO","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/FSO?f_ri=2180","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="404996" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optical_fiber">Optical fiber</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="404996" type="text/json">{"id":404996,"name":"Optical fiber","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optical_fiber?f_ri=2180","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=78545982]'), work: {"id":78545982,"title":"A Survey of Optical Fiber Communications: Challenges and Processing Time Influences","created_at":"2022-05-05T13:44:13.043-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/78545982/A_Survey_of_Optical_Fiber_Communications_Challenges_and_Processing_Time_Influences?f_ri=2180","dom_id":"work_78545982","summary":"Optical fibers are utilized widely for data transmission systems because of their capacity to carry extensive information and dielectric nature. Network architectures utilizing multiple wavelengths per optical fiber are used in central, metropolitan, or broad‐area applications to link thousands of users with a vast range of transmission speeds and capacities. A powerful feature of an optical communication link is sending several wavelengths through the 1300‐to‐1600‐ nm range of a fibre simultaneously. The technology of integrating several wavelengths onto a similar fiber is called wavelength division multiplexing (WDM). The principle of WDM utilized in concurrence with optical amplifiers has an outcome in communication links that permit rapid communications among users in the world\u0026#39;s countries. This paper presents an overview of the challenges of fibre optic communication. This paper offers an outline of the areas to be the most relevant for the future advancement of optical com...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":85556711,"asset_id":78545982,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":138014836,"first_name":"Zryan","last_name":"Rashid","domain_name":"sulypun","page_name":"ZryanRashid","display_name":"Zryan Rashid","profile_url":"https://sulypun.academia.edu/ZryanRashid?f_ri=2180","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":422,"name":"Computer Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Science?f_ri=2180","nofollow":true},{"id":2180,"name":"Optical Fiber Communications","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optical_Fiber_Communications?f_ri=2180","nofollow":true},{"id":276894,"name":"FSO","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/FSO?f_ri=2180","nofollow":true},{"id":404996,"name":"Optical fiber","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optical_fiber?f_ri=2180","nofollow":true},{"id":533760,"name":"Challenges","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Challenges?f_ri=2180"},{"id":1196803,"name":"Communications","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Communications?f_ri=2180"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_42623346" data-work_id="42623346" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/42623346/Analysis_of_techniques_and_algorithms_for_scientific_functions_in_digital_computers">Analysis of techniques and algorithms for scientific functions in digital computers</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Digital computers have evolved from adding machines and vacuum-tube computers. Early electronic calculators led to the initial development of microprocessors which have now progressed to multitasking high speed computers. The efficiency... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_42623346" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Digital computers have evolved from adding machines and vacuum-tube computers. Early electronic calculators led to the initial development of microprocessors which have now progressed to multitasking high speed computers. The efficiency of the methods, techniques and algorithms to implement mathematical functions is a key factor for achieving higher speeds and accuracy in computations, and also efficient use of memory. Digital computers operate on integers as well as floating point numbers. Operations on floating-point values are more complex. Many times a balance between speed and accuracy, along with other factors like input/output ranges is to be achieved. In this paper various techniques and algorithms are studied and analysed for some important scientific functions used in calculators and computers.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/42623346" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="b128752c01c4a311182f54b081a0e975" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":62828773,"asset_id":42623346,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/62828773/download_file?st=MTc0MDUwNTMwOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="152719109" href="https://goauniversity.academia.edu/MayurGambhir">Mayur Gambhir</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="152719109" type="text/json">{"id":152719109,"first_name":"Mayur","last_name":"Gambhir","domain_name":"goauniversity","page_name":"MayurGambhir","display_name":"Mayur Gambhir","profile_url":"https://goauniversity.academia.edu/MayurGambhir?f_ri=2180","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_42623346 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="42623346"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 42623346, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_42623346", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=42623346]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_42623346").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_42623346").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="42623346"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2180" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optical_Fiber_Communications">Optical Fiber Communications</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2180" type="text/json">{"id":2180,"name":"Optical Fiber Communications","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optical_Fiber_Communications?f_ri=2180","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="74262" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Artificial_Intelligence">Philosophy of Artificial Intelligence</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="74262" type="text/json">{"id":74262,"name":"Philosophy of Artificial Intelligence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Artificial_Intelligence?f_ri=2180","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="76686" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microprocessors_and_Microcontrollers">Microprocessors and Microcontrollers</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="76686" type="text/json">{"id":76686,"name":"Microprocessors and Microcontrollers","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microprocessors_and_Microcontrollers?f_ri=2180","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="270749" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Digital_Electronics_and_communication">Digital Electronics and communication</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="270749" type="text/json">{"id":270749,"name":"Digital Electronics and communication","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Digital_Electronics_and_communication?f_ri=2180","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=42623346]'), work: {"id":42623346,"title":"Analysis of techniques and algorithms for scientific functions in digital computers","created_at":"2020-04-05T00:45:53.167-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/42623346/Analysis_of_techniques_and_algorithms_for_scientific_functions_in_digital_computers?f_ri=2180","dom_id":"work_42623346","summary":"Digital computers have evolved from adding machines and vacuum-tube computers. Early electronic calculators led to the initial development of microprocessors which have now progressed to multitasking high speed computers. The efficiency of the methods, techniques and algorithms to implement mathematical functions is a key factor for achieving higher speeds and accuracy in computations, and also efficient use of memory. Digital computers operate on integers as well as floating point numbers. Operations on floating-point values are more complex. Many times a balance between speed and accuracy, along with other factors like input/output ranges is to be achieved. In this paper various techniques and algorithms are studied and analysed for some important scientific functions used in calculators and computers.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":62828773,"asset_id":42623346,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":152719109,"first_name":"Mayur","last_name":"Gambhir","domain_name":"goauniversity","page_name":"MayurGambhir","display_name":"Mayur Gambhir","profile_url":"https://goauniversity.academia.edu/MayurGambhir?f_ri=2180","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2180,"name":"Optical Fiber Communications","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optical_Fiber_Communications?f_ri=2180","nofollow":true},{"id":74262,"name":"Philosophy of Artificial Intelligence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Artificial_Intelligence?f_ri=2180","nofollow":true},{"id":76686,"name":"Microprocessors and Microcontrollers","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microprocessors_and_Microcontrollers?f_ri=2180","nofollow":true},{"id":270749,"name":"Digital Electronics and communication","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Digital_Electronics_and_communication?f_ri=2180","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_41230029" data-work_id="41230029" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/41230029/Cross_Border_Co_Deployment_Of_Fiber_Optic_Infrastructure_Along_Road_and_Rail_Networks">Cross-Border Co-Deployment Of Fiber Optic Infrastructure Along Road and Rail Networks</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">Cross-Border Co-Deployment Of Fiber Optic Infrastructure Along Road and Rail Networks</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/41230029" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="9328f64593ed8cfd247f8ec4c078cb9c" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":61460243,"asset_id":41230029,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/61460243/download_file?st=MTc0MDUwNTMwOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="4277354" href="https://earist.academia.edu/BiodorBonifacio">Biodor Bonifacio</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="4277354" type="text/json">{"id":4277354,"first_name":"Biodor","last_name":"Bonifacio","domain_name":"earist","page_name":"BiodorBonifacio","display_name":"Biodor Bonifacio","profile_url":"https://earist.academia.edu/BiodorBonifacio?f_ri=2180","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4277354/1701578/31504015/s65_biodor.bonifacio.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_41230029 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="41230029"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 41230029, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_41230029", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=41230029]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_41230029").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_41230029").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="41230029"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">2</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2180" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optical_Fiber_Communications">Optical Fiber Communications</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2180" type="text/json">{"id":2180,"name":"Optical Fiber Communications","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optical_Fiber_Communications?f_ri=2180","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2182" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fiber_Optics">Fiber Optics</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="2182" type="text/json">{"id":2182,"name":"Fiber Optics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fiber_Optics?f_ri=2180","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=41230029]'), work: {"id":41230029,"title":"Cross-Border Co-Deployment Of Fiber Optic Infrastructure Along Road and Rail Networks","created_at":"2019-12-08T21:46:10.628-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/41230029/Cross_Border_Co_Deployment_Of_Fiber_Optic_Infrastructure_Along_Road_and_Rail_Networks?f_ri=2180","dom_id":"work_41230029","summary":"Cross-Border Co-Deployment Of Fiber Optic Infrastructure Along Road and Rail Networks","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":61460243,"asset_id":41230029,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":4277354,"first_name":"Biodor","last_name":"Bonifacio","domain_name":"earist","page_name":"BiodorBonifacio","display_name":"Biodor Bonifacio","profile_url":"https://earist.academia.edu/BiodorBonifacio?f_ri=2180","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4277354/1701578/31504015/s65_biodor.bonifacio.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2180,"name":"Optical Fiber Communications","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optical_Fiber_Communications?f_ri=2180","nofollow":true},{"id":2182,"name":"Fiber Optics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fiber_Optics?f_ri=2180","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_1149300" data-work_id="1149300" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/1149300/Review_of_numerical_methods_for_the_analysis_of_arbitrarily_shaped_microwave_and_optical_dielectric_waveguides">Review of numerical methods for the analysis of arbitrarily-shaped microwave and optical dielectric waveguides</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This paper presents a review of the numerical methods for the analysis of the homogeneous and inhomogeneous, isotropic and anisotropic, microwave and optical dielectric waveguides with arbitrarily-shaped cross sections. The... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_1149300" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This paper presents a review of the numerical methods for the analysis of the homogeneous and inhomogeneous, isotropic and anisotropic, microwave and optical dielectric waveguides with arbitrarily-shaped cross sections. The characteristics of various methods are compared, and a set of qualitative criteria to guide the selection of an appropriate method for a given problem is proposed. The main approaches discussed are those of point matching, integral equations, finite difference, and finite element.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/1149300" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="e1ee60a0b4524d8dccc7a422fcc94eb1" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":65049778,"asset_id":1149300,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/65049778/download_file?st=MTc0MDUwNTMwOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1035799" href="https://chicago.academia.edu/MichaelSaad">Michael Saad</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1035799" type="text/json">{"id":1035799,"first_name":"Michael","last_name":"Saad","domain_name":"chicago","page_name":"MichaelSaad","display_name":"Michael Saad","profile_url":"https://chicago.academia.edu/MichaelSaad?f_ri=2180","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1035799/359040/147511281/s65_michael.saad.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_1149300 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="1149300"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 1149300, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_1149300", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=1149300]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_1149300").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_1149300").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="1149300"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">2</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2180" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optical_Fiber_Communications">Optical Fiber Communications</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2180" type="text/json">{"id":2180,"name":"Optical Fiber Communications","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optical_Fiber_Communications?f_ri=2180","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="47732" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/RF_and_Microwave_Systems">RF and Microwave Systems</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="47732" type="text/json">{"id":47732,"name":"RF and Microwave Systems","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/RF_and_Microwave_Systems?f_ri=2180","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=1149300]'), work: {"id":1149300,"title":"Review of numerical methods for the analysis of arbitrarily-shaped microwave and optical dielectric waveguides","created_at":"2011-12-11T07:48:32.826-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/1149300/Review_of_numerical_methods_for_the_analysis_of_arbitrarily_shaped_microwave_and_optical_dielectric_waveguides?f_ri=2180","dom_id":"work_1149300","summary":"This paper presents a review of the numerical methods for the analysis of the homogeneous and inhomogeneous, isotropic and anisotropic, microwave and optical dielectric waveguides with arbitrarily-shaped cross sections. The characteristics of various methods are compared, and a set of qualitative criteria to guide the selection of an appropriate method for a given problem is proposed. The main approaches discussed are those of point matching, integral equations, finite difference, and finite element.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":65049778,"asset_id":1149300,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1035799,"first_name":"Michael","last_name":"Saad","domain_name":"chicago","page_name":"MichaelSaad","display_name":"Michael Saad","profile_url":"https://chicago.academia.edu/MichaelSaad?f_ri=2180","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1035799/359040/147511281/s65_michael.saad.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2180,"name":"Optical Fiber Communications","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optical_Fiber_Communications?f_ri=2180","nofollow":true},{"id":47732,"name":"RF and Microwave Systems","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/RF_and_Microwave_Systems?f_ri=2180","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_71205433" data-work_id="71205433" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/71205433/A_public_key_algorithm_for_optical_communication_based_on_lattice_cryptography">A public key algorithm for optical communication based on lattice cryptography</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This paper proposes a security architecture for optical code division multiple access networks based on lattice cryptography. Unlike existing approaches, which have mainly focused on optical components such as phase masks and delay lines,... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_71205433" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This paper proposes a security architecture for optical code division multiple access networks based on lattice cryptography. Unlike existing approaches, which have mainly focused on optical components such as phase masks and delay lines, our cryptosystem encompasses a secure code construction process. In fact, given a set of optical orthogonal codewords, we associate a pair of bases (a public basis and a private basis) to every user and we show that the projection of a codeword on the public basis of the receiver and the addition of a random error enhances the confidentiality performance of the code. The proposed public key cryptosystem is based on lattice cryptography. The security of this scheme relies mainly on the complexity of the closest vector-problem in an integer lattice. We found that our technique performs better than the existing approaches in terms of robustness to cryptanalysis. We also study the security of our lattice cryptosystem with regard to the properties of the bases pairs and the error vectors.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/71205433" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="43691506" href="https://independent.academia.edu/WalidAbdallah6">Walid Abdallah</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="43691506" type="text/json">{"id":43691506,"first_name":"Walid","last_name":"Abdallah","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"WalidAbdallah6","display_name":"Walid Abdallah","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/WalidAbdallah6?f_ri=2180","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_71205433 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="71205433"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 71205433, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_71205433", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=71205433]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_71205433").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_71205433").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="71205433"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">20</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2180" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optical_Fiber_Communications">Optical Fiber Communications</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2180" type="text/json">{"id":2180,"name":"Optical Fiber Communications","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optical_Fiber_Communications?f_ri=2180","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12115" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optical_Communication">Optical Communication</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="12115" type="text/json">{"id":12115,"name":"Optical Communication","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optical_Communication?f_ri=2180","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="120937" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optical_Code_Division_Multiple_Access">Optical Code Division Multiple Access</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="120937" type="text/json">{"id":120937,"name":"Optical Code Division Multiple Access","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optical_Code_Division_Multiple_Access?f_ri=2180","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="222999" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_key_cryptography">Public key cryptography</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="222999" type="text/json">{"id":222999,"name":"Public key cryptography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_key_cryptography?f_ri=2180","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=71205433]'), work: {"id":71205433,"title":"A public key algorithm for optical communication based on lattice cryptography","created_at":"2022-02-12T05:56:52.284-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/71205433/A_public_key_algorithm_for_optical_communication_based_on_lattice_cryptography?f_ri=2180","dom_id":"work_71205433","summary":"This paper proposes a security architecture for optical code division multiple access networks based on lattice cryptography. Unlike existing approaches, which have mainly focused on optical components such as phase masks and delay lines, our cryptosystem encompasses a secure code construction process. In fact, given a set of optical orthogonal codewords, we associate a pair of bases (a public basis and a private basis) to every user and we show that the projection of a codeword on the public basis of the receiver and the addition of a random error enhances the confidentiality performance of the code. The proposed public key cryptosystem is based on lattice cryptography. The security of this scheme relies mainly on the complexity of the closest vector-problem in an integer lattice. We found that our technique performs better than the existing approaches in terms of robustness to cryptanalysis. We also study the security of our lattice cryptosystem with regard to the properties of the bases pairs and the error vectors.","downloadable_attachments":[],"ordered_authors":[{"id":43691506,"first_name":"Walid","last_name":"Abdallah","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"WalidAbdallah6","display_name":"Walid Abdallah","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/WalidAbdallah6?f_ri=2180","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2180,"name":"Optical Fiber Communications","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optical_Fiber_Communications?f_ri=2180","nofollow":true},{"id":12115,"name":"Optical Communication","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optical_Communication?f_ri=2180","nofollow":true},{"id":120937,"name":"Optical Code Division Multiple Access","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optical_Code_Division_Multiple_Access?f_ri=2180","nofollow":true},{"id":222999,"name":"Public key cryptography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_key_cryptography?f_ri=2180","nofollow":true},{"id":348251,"name":"Lattices","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lattices?f_ri=2180"},{"id":483415,"name":"Construction Process","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Construction_Process?f_ri=2180"},{"id":685839,"name":"Optical Components","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optical_Components?f_ri=2180"},{"id":729677,"name":"Fiber delay lines FDL","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fiber_delay_lines_FDL?f_ri=2180"},{"id":743434,"name":"Biometrics Cryptosystems and Smart Carde","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biometrics_Cryptosystems_and_Smart_Carde?f_ri=2180"},{"id":748911,"name":"Public key Cryptography algorithms","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_key_Cryptography_algorithms?f_ri=2180"},{"id":925393,"name":"Codeword","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Codeword?f_ri=2180"},{"id":1025044,"name":"Phase Masks","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phase_Masks?f_ri=2180"},{"id":1025045,"name":"Secure Codes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Secure_Codes?f_ri=2180"},{"id":1030068,"name":"Integer Lattice","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Integer_Lattice?f_ri=2180"},{"id":1030069,"name":"Public Key Cryptosystems","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Key_Cryptosystems?f_ri=2180"},{"id":1196803,"name":"Communications","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Communications?f_ri=2180"},{"id":1231359,"name":"Code Division Multiple Access","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Code_Division_Multiple_Access?f_ri=2180"},{"id":1728545,"name":"Security Architecture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Security_Architecture?f_ri=2180"},{"id":2150184,"name":"Public Key Cryptosystem","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Key_Cryptosystem?f_ri=2180"},{"id":2986501,"name":"Public Key","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Key?f_ri=2180"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_5715677" data-work_id="5715677" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/5715677/Assessing_Internet_Energy_Intensity_a_Review_of_Methods_and_Results">Assessing Internet Energy Intensity: a Review of Methods and Results</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Assessing the average energy intensity of Internet transmissions is a complex task that has been a controversial subject of discussion. Estimates published over the last decade diverge by up to four orders of magnitude — from 0.0064... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_5715677" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Assessing the average energy intensity of Internet transmissions is a complex task that has been a controversial subject of discussion. Estimates published over the last decade diverge by up to four orders of magnitude — from 0.0064 kilowatt-hours per gigabyte (kWh/GB) to 136 kWh/GB. This article presents a review of the methodological approaches used so far in such assessments: i) top–down analyses based on estimates of the overall Internet energy consumption and the overall Internet traffic, whereby average energy intensity is calculated by dividing energy by traffic for a given period of time, ii) model-based approaches that model all components needed to sustain an amount of Internet traffic, and iii) bottom–up approaches based on case studies and generalization of the results. Our analysis of the existing studies shows that the large spread of results is mainly caused by two factors: a) the year of reference of the analysis, which has significant influence due to efficiency gains in electronic equipment, and b) whether end devices such as personal computers or servers are included within the system boundary or not. For an overall assessment of the energy needed to perform a specific task involving the Internet, it is necessary to account for the types of end devices needed for the task, while the energy needed for data transmission can be added based on a generic estimate of Internet energy intensity for a given year. Separating the Internet as a data transmission system from the end devices leads to more accurate models and to results that are more informative for decision makers, because end devices and the networking equipment of the Internet usually belong to different spheres of control.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/5715677" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="3ed5fae022b93386b889f95ea035cc4e" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":34203464,"asset_id":5715677,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/34203464/download_file?st=MTc0MDUwNTMwOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="339741" href="https://uzh.academia.edu/LorenzHilty">Lorenz Hilty</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="339741" type="text/json">{"id":339741,"first_name":"Lorenz","last_name":"Hilty","domain_name":"uzh","page_name":"LorenzHilty","display_name":"Lorenz Hilty","profile_url":"https://uzh.academia.edu/LorenzHilty?f_ri=2180","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/339741/356737/35563311/s65_lorenz.hilty.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_5715677 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="5715677"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 5715677, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_5715677", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=5715677]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_5715677").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_5715677").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="5715677"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">15</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="491" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Information_Technology">Information Technology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="491" type="text/json">{"id":491,"name":"Information Technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Information_Technology?f_ri=2180","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1759" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Internet_Studies">Internet Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1759" type="text/json">{"id":1759,"name":"Internet Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Internet_Studies?f_ri=2180","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2180" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optical_Fiber_Communications">Optical Fiber Communications</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2180" type="text/json">{"id":2180,"name":"Optical Fiber Communications","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optical_Fiber_Communications?f_ri=2180","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4524" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sustainable_Development">Sustainable Development</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="4524" type="text/json">{"id":4524,"name":"Sustainable Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sustainable_Development?f_ri=2180","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=5715677]'), work: {"id":5715677,"title":"Assessing Internet Energy Intensity: a Review of Methods and Results","created_at":"2014-01-14T14:25:21.010-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/5715677/Assessing_Internet_Energy_Intensity_a_Review_of_Methods_and_Results?f_ri=2180","dom_id":"work_5715677","summary":"Assessing the average energy intensity of Internet transmissions is a complex task that has been a controversial subject of discussion. Estimates published over the last decade diverge by up to four orders of magnitude — from 0.0064 kilowatt-hours per gigabyte (kWh/GB) to 136 kWh/GB. This article presents a review of the methodological approaches used so far in such assessments: i) top–down analyses based on estimates of the overall Internet energy consumption and the overall Internet traffic, whereby average energy intensity is calculated by dividing energy by traffic for a given period of time, ii) model-based approaches that model all components needed to sustain an amount of Internet traffic, and iii) bottom–up approaches based on case studies and generalization of the results. Our analysis of the existing studies shows that the large spread of results is mainly caused by two factors: a) the year of reference of the analysis, which has significant influence due to efficiency gains in electronic equipment, and b) whether end devices such as personal computers or servers are included within the system boundary or not. For an overall assessment of the energy needed to perform a specific task involving the Internet, it is necessary to account for the types of end devices needed for the task, while the energy needed for data transmission can be added based on a generic estimate of Internet energy intensity for a given year. Separating the Internet as a data transmission system from the end devices leads to more accurate models and to results that are more informative for decision makers, because end devices and the networking equipment of the Internet usually belong to different spheres of control.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":34203464,"asset_id":5715677,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":339741,"first_name":"Lorenz","last_name":"Hilty","domain_name":"uzh","page_name":"LorenzHilty","display_name":"Lorenz Hilty","profile_url":"https://uzh.academia.edu/LorenzHilty?f_ri=2180","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/339741/356737/35563311/s65_lorenz.hilty.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":491,"name":"Information Technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Information_Technology?f_ri=2180","nofollow":true},{"id":1759,"name":"Internet Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Internet_Studies?f_ri=2180","nofollow":true},{"id":2180,"name":"Optical Fiber Communications","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optical_Fiber_Communications?f_ri=2180","nofollow":true},{"id":4524,"name":"Sustainable Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sustainable_Development?f_ri=2180","nofollow":true},{"id":10729,"name":"Environmental Impact Assessment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Impact_Assessment?f_ri=2180"},{"id":11397,"name":"Energy Consumption","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Energy_Consumption?f_ri=2180"},{"id":16105,"name":"Engineering Design for Environment \u0026 Sustainability","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering_Design_for_Environment_and_Sustainability?f_ri=2180"},{"id":18814,"name":"Information and Communication technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Information_and_Communication_technology-1?f_ri=2180"},{"id":25122,"name":"Energy efficiency","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Energy_efficiency?f_ri=2180"},{"id":30947,"name":"The Internet","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_Internet?f_ri=2180"},{"id":31907,"name":"Green IT","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Green_IT?f_ri=2180"},{"id":33009,"name":"Green ICT","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Green_ICT?f_ri=2180"},{"id":89502,"name":"Information and Communication Technologies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Information_and_Communication_Technologies?f_ri=2180"},{"id":622093,"name":"Energy Efficiency","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Energy_Efficiency-1?f_ri=2180"},{"id":924191,"name":"ICT for Energy Efficiency","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ICT_for_Energy_Efficiency?f_ri=2180"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_48281009" data-work_id="48281009" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/48281009/Ebrium_Katk%C4%B1l%C4%B1_Fiber_Amplifikat%C3%B6rleri_EDFA_">Ebrium Katkılı Fiber Amplifikatörleri (EDFA)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">1. Fiber Optik Sistemlerinin Gelişimi 1.1. Fiber Optik Haberleşme Sistemi 1.2. Fiber Optik Sinyal İletimini Etkileyen Faktörler 1.3. İletişimde Çoklama Teknikleri 2. Fiber Optik Amlifikatörler 3. Erbiyum Katkılı Fiber Yükselteçler 3.1... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_48281009" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">1. Fiber Optik Sistemlerinin Gelişimi<br />1.1. Fiber Optik Haberleşme Sistemi<br />1.2. Fiber Optik Sinyal İletimini Etkileyen Faktörler<br />1.3. İletişimde Çoklama Teknikleri<br />2. Fiber Optik Amlifikatörler<br />3. Erbiyum Katkılı Fiber Yükselteçler<br />3.1 EKFY’nin Çalışma Şekli<br />4. Sonuç :</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/48281009" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="fc22f1411555f60e7c33d5fbc18fd6ee" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":66971895,"asset_id":48281009,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/66971895/download_file?st=MTc0MDUwNTMwOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="12197321" href="https://mit.academia.edu/haluktanrikulu">Haluk TANRIKULU</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="12197321" type="text/json">{"id":12197321,"first_name":"Haluk","last_name":"TANRIKULU","domain_name":"mit","page_name":"haluktanrikulu","display_name":"Haluk TANRIKULU","profile_url":"https://mit.academia.edu/haluktanrikulu?f_ri=2180","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/12197321/164069306/153873916/s65_haluk.tanrikulu.jpeg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_48281009 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="48281009"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 48281009, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_48281009", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_48281009 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 48281009; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_48281009"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_48281009 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="48281009"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 48281009; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=48281009]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_48281009").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_48281009").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="48281009"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i></div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl6x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2180" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optical_Fiber_Communications">Optical Fiber Communications</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="2180" type="text/json">{"id":2180,"name":"Optical Fiber Communications","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optical_Fiber_Communications?f_ri=2180","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (false) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=48281009]'), work: {"id":48281009,"title":"Ebrium Katkılı Fiber Amplifikatörleri (EDFA)","created_at":"2021-05-04T10:14:26.558-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/48281009/Ebrium_Katk%C4%B1l%C4%B1_Fiber_Amplifikat%C3%B6rleri_EDFA_?f_ri=2180","dom_id":"work_48281009","summary":"1. Fiber Optik Sistemlerinin Gelişimi\n1.1. Fiber Optik Haberleşme Sistemi\n1.2. Fiber Optik Sinyal İletimini Etkileyen Faktörler\n1.3. İletişimde Çoklama Teknikleri\n2. Fiber Optik Amlifikatörler\n3. Erbiyum Katkılı Fiber Yükselteçler\n3.1 EKFY’nin Çalışma Şekli\n4. 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=8999022]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_8999022").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_8999022").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="8999022"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">2</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="498" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physics">Physics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="498" type="text/json">{"id":498,"name":"Physics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physics?f_ri=2180","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2180" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optical_Fiber_Communications">Optical Fiber Communications</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="2180" type="text/json">{"id":2180,"name":"Optical Fiber Communications","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optical_Fiber_Communications?f_ri=2180","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=8999022]'), work: {"id":8999022,"title":"DWDM COURSE CONTENT DAY 1","created_at":"2014-10-28T09:20:11.992-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/8999022/DWDM_COURSE_CONTENT_DAY_1?f_ri=2180","dom_id":"work_8999022","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":35312013,"asset_id":8999022,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":20192292,"first_name":"Emmanuel","last_name":"Onuzurike","domain_name":"esut","page_name":"EmmanuelOnuzurike","display_name":"Emmanuel Onuzurike","profile_url":"https://esut.academia.edu/EmmanuelOnuzurike?f_ri=2180","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/20192292/5611698/6387089/s65_emmanuel.onuzurike.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":498,"name":"Physics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physics?f_ri=2180","nofollow":true},{"id":2180,"name":"Optical Fiber Communications","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optical_Fiber_Communications?f_ri=2180","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_49880120" data-work_id="49880120" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/49880120/Optimized_Joint_Allocation_of_Radio_Optical_and_MEC_Resources_for_the_5G_and_Beyond_Fronthaul">Optimized Joint Allocation of Radio, Optical, and MEC Resources for the 5G and Beyond Fronthaul</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">In 5G and beyond telecommunication infrastructures a crucial challenge in achieving the strict Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) regarding capacity, latency, and guaranteed quality of service, is the efficient handling of the fronthaul... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_49880120" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">In 5G and beyond telecommunication infrastructures a crucial challenge in achieving the strict Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) regarding capacity, latency, and guaranteed quality of service, is the efficient handling of the fronthaul bottleneck. This part of the next generation networks is expected to comprise the New Radio (NR) access and the Next Generation Passive Optical Network (NGPON) domains. Latest developments load the fronthaul with computing tasks as well (e.g., for AI-based processes) in the context of Mobile Edge Computing (MEC). Towards efficient management of all resource types, this paper proposes a joint allocation scheme with three optimization phases for radio, optical, and MEC resources. This scheme, which has been developed in the context of the blueSPACE 5G Infrastructure Public Private Partnership (5G PPP) project, exploits cutting-edge technologies, such as radio beamforming, spatial-spectral granularity in optical networks, and Network Function Virtualization (NFV), to provide dynamic, adaptive, and energy efficient allocation of resources. The devised model is mathematically described and the overall solution is evaluated in a realistic simulation scenario, demonstrating its effectiveness.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/49880120" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="5e09dfd52a5e3ab8b3673725bd896126" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":68073013,"asset_id":49880120,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/68073013/download_file?st=MTc0MDUwNTMwOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="957401" href="https://duth.academia.edu/ThomasLagkas">Thomas Lagkas</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="957401" type="text/json">{"id":957401,"first_name":"Thomas","last_name":"Lagkas","domain_name":"duth","page_name":"ThomasLagkas","display_name":"Thomas Lagkas","profile_url":"https://duth.academia.edu/ThomasLagkas?f_ri=2180","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/957401/352983/25352142/s65_thomas.lagkas.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_49880120 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="49880120"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 49880120, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_49880120", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=49880120]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_49880120").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_49880120").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="49880120"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">8</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2180" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optical_Fiber_Communications">Optical Fiber Communications</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2180" type="text/json">{"id":2180,"name":"Optical Fiber Communications","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optical_Fiber_Communications?f_ri=2180","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9742" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Resource_Allocation">Resource Allocation</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="9742" type="text/json">{"id":9742,"name":"Resource Allocation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Resource_Allocation?f_ri=2180","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="25122" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Energy_efficiency">Energy efficiency</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="25122" type="text/json">{"id":25122,"name":"Energy efficiency","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Energy_efficiency?f_ri=2180","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="43981" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optimization">Optimization</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="43981" type="text/json">{"id":43981,"name":"Optimization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optimization?f_ri=2180","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=49880120]'), work: {"id":49880120,"title":"Optimized Joint Allocation of Radio, Optical, and MEC Resources for the 5G and Beyond Fronthaul","created_at":"2021-07-13T15:43:33.072-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/49880120/Optimized_Joint_Allocation_of_Radio_Optical_and_MEC_Resources_for_the_5G_and_Beyond_Fronthaul?f_ri=2180","dom_id":"work_49880120","summary":"In 5G and beyond telecommunication infrastructures a crucial challenge in achieving the strict Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) regarding capacity, latency, and guaranteed quality of service, is the efficient handling of the fronthaul bottleneck. This part of the next generation networks is expected to comprise the New Radio (NR) access and the Next Generation Passive Optical Network (NGPON) domains. Latest developments load the fronthaul with computing tasks as well (e.g., for AI-based processes) in the context of Mobile Edge Computing (MEC). Towards efficient management of all resource types, this paper proposes a joint allocation scheme with three optimization phases for radio, optical, and MEC resources. This scheme, which has been developed in the context of the blueSPACE 5G Infrastructure Public Private Partnership (5G PPP) project, exploits cutting-edge technologies, such as radio beamforming, spatial-spectral granularity in optical networks, and Network Function Virtualization (NFV), to provide dynamic, adaptive, and energy efficient allocation of resources. The devised model is mathematically described and the overall solution is evaluated in a realistic simulation scenario, demonstrating its effectiveness.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":68073013,"asset_id":49880120,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":957401,"first_name":"Thomas","last_name":"Lagkas","domain_name":"duth","page_name":"ThomasLagkas","display_name":"Thomas Lagkas","profile_url":"https://duth.academia.edu/ThomasLagkas?f_ri=2180","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/957401/352983/25352142/s65_thomas.lagkas.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2180,"name":"Optical Fiber Communications","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optical_Fiber_Communications?f_ri=2180","nofollow":true},{"id":9742,"name":"Resource Allocation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Resource_Allocation?f_ri=2180","nofollow":true},{"id":25122,"name":"Energy efficiency","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Energy_efficiency?f_ri=2180","nofollow":true},{"id":43981,"name":"Optimization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optimization?f_ri=2180","nofollow":true},{"id":1278637,"name":"5G Mobile Communications","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/5G_Mobile_Communications?f_ri=2180"},{"id":1641580,"name":"Fronthaul","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fronthaul?f_ri=2180"},{"id":1974250,"name":"Networks Functions Virtualisation (NFV)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Networks_Functions_Virtualisation_NFV_?f_ri=2180"},{"id":2236574,"name":"Mobile Edge Computing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mobile_Edge_Computing?f_ri=2180"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_574488" data-work_id="574488" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/574488/Generaci%C3%B3n_de_pulsos_opticos_a_1_5_%CE%BCm_mediante_conmutaci%C3%B3n_de_ganancia_en_l%C3%A1seres_de_cavidad_vertical">Generación de pulsos opticos a 1.5 µm mediante conmutación de ganancia en láseres de cavidad vertical</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Optical pulses with duration below 60 ps were generated by gain switching a Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Laser (VCSEL) at 1535 nm. We used a radio frequency (RF) sinusoidal signal to modulate the device near threshold. Relaxation... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_574488" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Optical pulses with duration below 60 ps were generated by gain switching a Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Laser (VCSEL) at 1535 nm. We used a radio frequency (RF) sinusoidal signal to modulate the device near threshold. Relaxation oscillations or pulse train generation were observed depending on the gain switching conditions. Repetition rates between 100 MHz and 2 GHz were tested. The dependence of the pulse width and amplitude was investigated in relation with the bias current and excitation frequency and amplitude. The optimal configuration of the current bias and RF modulating signal provided the shortest pulse duration of 57 ps at repetition rate of 800 MHz.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/574488" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="ce3d1603bc4e328e917bc9eef1173453" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":2953771,"asset_id":574488,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/2953771/download_file?st=MTc0MDUwNTMwOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="430095" href="https://upm-es.academia.edu/AntonioConsoli">Antonio Consoli</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="430095" type="text/json">{"id":430095,"first_name":"Antonio","last_name":"Consoli","domain_name":"upm-es","page_name":"AntonioConsoli","display_name":"Antonio Consoli","profile_url":"https://upm-es.academia.edu/AntonioConsoli?f_ri=2180","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/430095/105866/239286/s65_antonio.consoli.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_574488 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="574488"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 574488, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_574488", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_574488 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 574488; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_574488"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_574488 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="574488"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 574488; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=574488]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_574488").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_574488").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="574488"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2180" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optical_Fiber_Communications">Optical Fiber Communications</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2180" type="text/json">{"id":2180,"name":"Optical Fiber Communications","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optical_Fiber_Communications?f_ri=2180","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="120859" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vertical_Cavity_Surface_Emitting_Laser">Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Laser</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="120859" type="text/json">{"id":120859,"name":"Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Laser","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vertical_Cavity_Surface_Emitting_Laser?f_ri=2180","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="120917" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gain_Switching">Gain Switching</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="120917" type="text/json">{"id":120917,"name":"Gain Switching","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gain_Switching?f_ri=2180","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="120919" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Picosecond_Pulses">Picosecond Pulses</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="120919" type="text/json">{"id":120919,"name":"Picosecond Pulses","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Picosecond_Pulses?f_ri=2180","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=574488]'), work: {"id":574488,"title":"Generación de pulsos opticos a 1.5 µm mediante conmutación de ganancia en láseres de cavidad vertical","created_at":"2011-05-08T23:44:55.569-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/574488/Generaci%C3%B3n_de_pulsos_opticos_a_1_5_%CE%BCm_mediante_conmutaci%C3%B3n_de_ganancia_en_l%C3%A1seres_de_cavidad_vertical?f_ri=2180","dom_id":"work_574488","summary":"Optical pulses with duration below 60 ps were generated by gain switching a Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Laser (VCSEL) at 1535 nm. We used a radio frequency (RF) sinusoidal signal to modulate the device near threshold. Relaxation oscillations or pulse train generation were observed depending on the gain switching conditions. Repetition rates between 100 MHz and 2 GHz were tested. The dependence of the pulse width and amplitude was investigated in relation with the bias current and excitation frequency and amplitude. The optimal configuration of the current bias and RF modulating signal provided the shortest pulse duration of 57 ps at repetition rate of 800 MHz.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":2953771,"asset_id":574488,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":430095,"first_name":"Antonio","last_name":"Consoli","domain_name":"upm-es","page_name":"AntonioConsoli","display_name":"Antonio Consoli","profile_url":"https://upm-es.academia.edu/AntonioConsoli?f_ri=2180","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/430095/105866/239286/s65_antonio.consoli.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2180,"name":"Optical Fiber Communications","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optical_Fiber_Communications?f_ri=2180","nofollow":true},{"id":120859,"name":"Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Laser","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vertical_Cavity_Surface_Emitting_Laser?f_ri=2180","nofollow":true},{"id":120917,"name":"Gain Switching","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gain_Switching?f_ri=2180","nofollow":true},{"id":120919,"name":"Picosecond Pulses","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Picosecond_Pulses?f_ri=2180","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_1176272 coauthored" data-work_id="1176272" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/1176272/Broadband_programmable_equalizer_and_limiting_amplifier_for_an_XFI_interface_in_45nm_CMOS">Broadband programmable equalizer and limiting amplifier for an XFI interface in 45nm CMOS</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">An 11Gb/s Equalizer is designed in 45nm CMOS to compensate for the losses in a 12" PCB trace. Amplitude variations are compensated with a limiting amplifier that provides a constant swing to a digital phase detector. An offset... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_1176272" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">An 11Gb/s Equalizer is designed in 45nm CMOS to compensate for the losses in a 12" PCB trace. Amplitude variations are compensated with a limiting amplifier that provides a constant swing to a digital phase detector. An offset cancellation loop is used to attenuate offset in the high gain stage.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/1176272" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="ef8fd64ffca293d3b563780e05f962d2" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":7261014,"asset_id":1176272,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/7261014/download_file?st=MTc0MDUwNTMwOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1068568" href="https://iua.academia.edu/PabloSonna">Pablo Sonna</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1068568" type="text/json">{"id":1068568,"first_name":"Pablo","last_name":"Sonna","domain_name":"iua","page_name":"PabloSonna","display_name":"Pablo Sonna","profile_url":"https://iua.academia.edu/PabloSonna?f_ri=2180","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-1176272">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-1176272"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://cordoba.academia.edu/HugoCarrer">Hugo Carrer</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-1176272'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-1176272').html(); 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Amplitude variations are compensated with a limiting amplifier that provides a constant swing to a digital phase detector. An offset cancellation loop is used to attenuate offset in the high gain stage.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":7261014,"asset_id":1176272,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1068568,"first_name":"Pablo","last_name":"Sonna","domain_name":"iua","page_name":"PabloSonna","display_name":"Pablo Sonna","profile_url":"https://iua.academia.edu/PabloSonna?f_ri=2180","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"},{"id":47282560,"first_name":"Hugo","last_name":"Carrer","domain_name":"cordoba","page_name":"HugoCarrer","display_name":"Hugo Carrer","profile_url":"https://cordoba.academia.edu/HugoCarrer?f_ri=2180","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2180,"name":"Optical Fiber Communications","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optical_Fiber_Communications?f_ri=2180","nofollow":true},{"id":60703,"name":"Broadband","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Broadband?f_ri=2180","nofollow":true},{"id":95616,"name":"Analog Ic Design","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Analog_Ic_Design?f_ri=2180","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_39325569" data-work_id="39325569" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/39325569/Optical_Communication_The_Physics_Of_Transmitting_Light_For_Optical_Communication_">Optical Communication "The Physics Of Transmitting Light For Optical Communication"</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">When optical signals are sent through a fiber, what can happen and what could stop it from getting to its destination in good conditions.</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/39325569" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="10f226ecbe64aafb9d203eea033ad3ca" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":59464717,"asset_id":39325569,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/59464717/download_file?st=MTc0MDUwNTMwOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="4471415" href="https://uh.academia.edu/OsazeeEweka">Osazee Eweka</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="4471415" type="text/json">{"id":4471415,"first_name":"Osazee","last_name":"Eweka","domain_name":"uh","page_name":"OsazeeEweka","display_name":"Osazee Eweka","profile_url":"https://uh.academia.edu/OsazeeEweka?f_ri=2180","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4471415/1832858/19535653/s65_osazee.eweka.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_39325569 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="39325569"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 39325569, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_39325569", }); 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It deals with the growth of the system, because in any system quick response is required in order to achieve the speed limit there are so many obstacle come in the path of... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_13536326" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Speed is the essential part of communication system. It deals with the growth of the system, because in any system quick response is required in order to achieve the speed limit there are so many obstacle come in the path of telecommunication .Although Optical fiber plays the important role in the development of the system characteristics but also have some limitation like dispersion is on of them. While improving the sped of data transmission the dispersion will occur in the path of transmission which can be improve by using FBG (Fiber Bragg Grating). FBG is a key component in optical communication system as, dispersion compensators, filters and flatteners gain and improve Quality factor. Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) as dispersion compensator. The analysis has been simulated in efficient optical communication software called optisystem. The performance of the FBG has been studied on the basis of input power, length of OFC, attenuation, line width, FBG grid size.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/13536326" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="37c2d2015a1d6296d21477a3cf42b467" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":38070072,"asset_id":13536326,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/38070072/download_file?st=MTc0MDUwNTMwOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="31785042" href="https://ijoer.academia.edu/IJOERResearchJournal">Engineering Journal Publication of Research work</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="31785042" type="text/json">{"id":31785042,"first_name":"Engineering Journal","last_name":"Publication of Research work","domain_name":"ijoer","page_name":"IJOERResearchJournal","display_name":"Engineering Journal Publication of Research work","profile_url":"https://ijoer.academia.edu/IJOERResearchJournal?f_ri=2180","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/31785042/9436714/10515385/s65_ijoer.research_journal.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_13536326 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="13536326"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 13536326, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_13536326", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=13536326]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_13536326").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_13536326").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="13536326"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">2</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2180" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optical_Fiber_Communications">Optical Fiber Communications</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2180" type="text/json">{"id":2180,"name":"Optical Fiber Communications","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optical_Fiber_Communications?f_ri=2180","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1984769" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Line_width">Line width</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="1984769" type="text/json">{"id":1984769,"name":"Line width","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Line_width?f_ri=2180","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=13536326]'), work: {"id":13536326,"title":"Analysis of Fiber bragg grating as dispersion compensator","created_at":"2015-07-02T05:43:34.534-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/13536326/Analysis_of_Fiber_bragg_grating_as_dispersion_compensator?f_ri=2180","dom_id":"work_13536326","summary":"Speed is the essential part of communication system. It deals with the growth of the system, because in any system quick response is required in order to achieve the speed limit there are so many obstacle come in the path of telecommunication .Although Optical fiber plays the important role in the development of the system characteristics but also have some limitation like dispersion is on of them. While improving the sped of data transmission the dispersion will occur in the path of transmission which can be improve by using FBG (Fiber Bragg Grating). FBG is a key component in optical communication system as, dispersion compensators, filters and flatteners gain and improve Quality factor. Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) as dispersion compensator. The analysis has been simulated in efficient optical communication software called optisystem. The performance of the FBG has been studied on the basis of input power, length of OFC, attenuation, line width, FBG grid size.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":38070072,"asset_id":13536326,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":31785042,"first_name":"Engineering Journal","last_name":"Publication of Research work","domain_name":"ijoer","page_name":"IJOERResearchJournal","display_name":"Engineering Journal Publication of Research work","profile_url":"https://ijoer.academia.edu/IJOERResearchJournal?f_ri=2180","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/31785042/9436714/10515385/s65_ijoer.research_journal.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2180,"name":"Optical Fiber Communications","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optical_Fiber_Communications?f_ri=2180","nofollow":true},{"id":1984769,"name":"Line width","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Line_width?f_ri=2180","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_4066054" data-work_id="4066054" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/4066054/Wavelength_Converter_Technology">Wavelength Converter Technology</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/4066054" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="711572b59e60ac8d78124c8f7ff6bb65" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":31596750,"asset_id":4066054,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/31596750/download_file?st=MTc0MDUwNTMwOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="374905" href="https://taiz.academia.edu/EssamSaeedAlmaktry">Essam Saeed Almaktry</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="374905" type="text/json">{"id":374905,"first_name":"Essam","last_name":"Saeed Almaktry","domain_name":"taiz","page_name":"EssamSaeedAlmaktry","display_name":"Essam Saeed Almaktry","profile_url":"https://taiz.academia.edu/EssamSaeedAlmaktry?f_ri=2180","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/374905/115778/135561/s65_essam.saeed_almaktry.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_4066054 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="4066054"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 4066054, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_4066054", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_4066054 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 4066054; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_4066054"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_4066054 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="4066054"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 4066054; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=4066054]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_4066054").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_4066054").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="4066054"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">2</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2180" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optical_Fiber_Communications">Optical Fiber Communications</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2180" type="text/json">{"id":2180,"name":"Optical Fiber Communications","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optical_Fiber_Communications?f_ri=2180","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="101365" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radio_over_fiber_optical_access_networks_wireless_broadband_access_technologies_OFDM_systems_wir">Radio over fiber, optical access networks, wireless broadband access technologies, OFDM systems, wireless technologies for developing communities, telemedicine</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="101365" type="text/json">{"id":101365,"name":"Radio over fiber, optical access networks, wireless broadband access technologies, OFDM systems, wireless technologies for developing communities, telemedicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radio_over_fiber_optical_access_networks_wireless_broadband_access_technologies_OFDM_systems_wir?f_ri=2180","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=4066054]'), work: {"id":4066054,"title":"Wavelength Converter Technology","created_at":"2013-07-19T12:40:27.399-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/4066054/Wavelength_Converter_Technology?f_ri=2180","dom_id":"work_4066054","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":31596750,"asset_id":4066054,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":374905,"first_name":"Essam","last_name":"Saeed Almaktry","domain_name":"taiz","page_name":"EssamSaeedAlmaktry","display_name":"Essam Saeed Almaktry","profile_url":"https://taiz.academia.edu/EssamSaeedAlmaktry?f_ri=2180","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/374905/115778/135561/s65_essam.saeed_almaktry.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2180,"name":"Optical Fiber Communications","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optical_Fiber_Communications?f_ri=2180","nofollow":true},{"id":101365,"name":"Radio over fiber, optical access networks, wireless broadband access technologies, OFDM systems, wireless technologies for developing communities, telemedicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radio_over_fiber_optical_access_networks_wireless_broadband_access_technologies_OFDM_systems_wir?f_ri=2180","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_55846383" data-work_id="55846383" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/55846383/Performance_Evaluation_of_Parallel_Bubble_Sort_Algorithm_on_Supercomputer_IMAN1">Performance Evaluation of Parallel Bubble Sort Algorithm on Supercomputer IMAN1</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Parallel sorting algorithms order a set of elements USING MULTIPLE processors in order to enhance the performance of sequential sorting algorithms. In general, the performance of sorting algorithms are EVALUATED IN term of algorithm... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_55846383" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Parallel sorting algorithms order a set of elements USING MULTIPLE processors in order to enhance the performance of sequential sorting algorithms. In general, the performance of sorting algorithms are EVALUATED IN term of algorithm growth rate according to the input size. In this paper, the running time, parallel speedup and parallel efficiency OF PARALLEL bubble sort is evaluated and measured. Message Passing Interface (MPI) IS USED for implementing the parallel version of bubble sort and IMAN1 supercomputer is used to conduct the results. The evaluation results show that parallel bubble sort has better running time as the number of processors increases. On other hand, regarding parallel efficiency, parallel bubble sort algorithm is more efficient to be applied OVER SMALL number of processors.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/55846383" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="a2edac0353f562aa50a23d7f69fb5365" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":71522992,"asset_id":55846383,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/71522992/download_file?st=MTc0MDUwNTMwOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="39293564" href="https://independent.academia.edu/DrmohammadQatawneh">Dr.mohammad Qatawneh</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="39293564" type="text/json">{"id":39293564,"first_name":"Dr.mohammad","last_name":"Qatawneh","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"DrmohammadQatawneh","display_name":"Dr.mohammad Qatawneh","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/DrmohammadQatawneh?f_ri=2180","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_55846383 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="55846383"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 55846383, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_55846383", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_55846383 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 55846383; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_55846383"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_55846383 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="55846383"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 55846383; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=55846383]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_55846383").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_55846383").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="55846383"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">11</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="491" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Information_Technology">Information Technology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="491" type="text/json">{"id":491,"name":"Information Technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Information_Technology?f_ri=2180","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="859" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Communication">Communication</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="859" type="text/json">{"id":859,"name":"Communication","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Communication?f_ri=2180","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2180" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optical_Fiber_Communications">Optical Fiber Communications</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2180" type="text/json">{"id":2180,"name":"Optical Fiber Communications","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optical_Fiber_Communications?f_ri=2180","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7454" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Information_Communication_Technology">Information Communication Technology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="7454" type="text/json">{"id":7454,"name":"Information Communication Technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Information_Communication_Technology?f_ri=2180","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=55846383]'), work: {"id":55846383,"title":"Performance Evaluation of Parallel Bubble Sort Algorithm on Supercomputer IMAN1","created_at":"2021-10-06T00:29:53.093-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/55846383/Performance_Evaluation_of_Parallel_Bubble_Sort_Algorithm_on_Supercomputer_IMAN1?f_ri=2180","dom_id":"work_55846383","summary":"Parallel sorting algorithms order a set of elements USING MULTIPLE processors in order to enhance the performance of sequential sorting algorithms. In general, the performance of sorting algorithms are EVALUATED IN term of algorithm growth rate according to the input size. In this paper, the running time, parallel speedup and parallel efficiency OF PARALLEL bubble sort is evaluated and measured. Message Passing Interface (MPI) IS USED for implementing the parallel version of bubble sort and IMAN1 supercomputer is used to conduct the results. The evaluation results show that parallel bubble sort has better running time as the number of processors increases. On other hand, regarding parallel efficiency, parallel bubble sort algorithm is more efficient to be applied OVER SMALL number of processors.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":71522992,"asset_id":55846383,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":39293564,"first_name":"Dr.mohammad","last_name":"Qatawneh","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"DrmohammadQatawneh","display_name":"Dr.mohammad Qatawneh","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/DrmohammadQatawneh?f_ri=2180","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":491,"name":"Information Technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Information_Technology?f_ri=2180","nofollow":true},{"id":859,"name":"Communication","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Communication?f_ri=2180","nofollow":true},{"id":2180,"name":"Optical Fiber Communications","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optical_Fiber_Communications?f_ri=2180","nofollow":true},{"id":7454,"name":"Information Communication Technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Information_Communication_Technology?f_ri=2180","nofollow":true},{"id":8367,"name":"Complexity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Complexity?f_ri=2180"},{"id":36300,"name":"Fault Tolerance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fault_Tolerance?f_ri=2180"},{"id":243826,"name":"Message Passing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Message_Passing?f_ri=2180"},{"id":870788,"name":"Execution Time","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Execution_Time?f_ri=2180"},{"id":1218098,"name":"Bubble Sort","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bubble_Sort?f_ri=2180"},{"id":1311460,"name":"Computer Science Information Technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Science_Information_Technology?f_ri=2180"},{"id":1321258,"name":"Quicksort","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quicksort?f_ri=2180"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_21383856" data-work_id="21383856" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/21383856/Investigation_of_Coherent_Multicarrier_Code_Division_Multiple_Access_for_Optical_Access_Networks">Investigation of Coherent Multicarrier Code Division Multiple Access for Optical Access Networks</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) has proved to be a promising technique to increase the reach and bit rate both in long-haul communications and in passive optical networks. This paper, for the first time, investigates the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_21383856" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) has proved to be a promising technique to increase the reach and bit rate both in long-haul communications and in passive optical networks. This paper, for the first time, investigates the use of OFDM combined with electrical CDMA in presence of coherent detection as a multiple access scheme. The proposed multicarrier-CDMA system is simulated using Walsh-Hadamard codes and its performance is compared to that of coherent WDM-OFDM system in terms of bit-error-rate and bandwidth efficiency. It is shown that MC-CDMA benefits from better spectral efficiency while its performance slightly deteriorates in comparison to WDM-OFDM when the number of users is increased.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/21383856" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="e40a943e7011dd7f8a62d6ea7ee2122d" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":41844701,"asset_id":21383856,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/41844701/download_file?st=MTc0MDUwNTMwOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="4618775" href="https://acsij.academia.edu/acsij">ACSIJ Journal</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="4618775" type="text/json">{"id":4618775,"first_name":"ACSIJ","last_name":"Journal","domain_name":"acsij","page_name":"acsij","display_name":"ACSIJ Journal","profile_url":"https://acsij.academia.edu/acsij?f_ri=2180","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4618775/1930295/3072013/s65_acsij.journal.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_21383856 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="21383856"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 21383856, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_21383856", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=21383856]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_21383856").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_21383856").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="21383856"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">2</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2180" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optical_Fiber_Communications">Optical Fiber Communications</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2180" type="text/json">{"id":2180,"name":"Optical Fiber Communications","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optical_Fiber_Communications?f_ri=2180","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="985288" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Coherent_Detection">Coherent Detection</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="985288" type="text/json">{"id":985288,"name":"Coherent Detection","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Coherent_Detection?f_ri=2180","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=21383856]'), work: {"id":21383856,"title":"Investigation of Coherent Multicarrier Code Division Multiple Access for Optical Access Networks","created_at":"2016-02-01T02:41:40.150-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/21383856/Investigation_of_Coherent_Multicarrier_Code_Division_Multiple_Access_for_Optical_Access_Networks?f_ri=2180","dom_id":"work_21383856","summary":"Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) has proved to be a promising technique to increase the reach and bit rate both in long-haul communications and in passive optical networks. This paper, for the first time, investigates the use of OFDM combined with electrical CDMA in presence of coherent detection as a multiple access scheme. The proposed multicarrier-CDMA system is simulated using Walsh-Hadamard codes and its performance is compared to that of coherent WDM-OFDM system in terms of bit-error-rate and bandwidth efficiency. It is shown that MC-CDMA benefits from better spectral efficiency while its performance slightly deteriorates in comparison to WDM-OFDM when the number of users is increased.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":41844701,"asset_id":21383856,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":4618775,"first_name":"ACSIJ","last_name":"Journal","domain_name":"acsij","page_name":"acsij","display_name":"ACSIJ Journal","profile_url":"https://acsij.academia.edu/acsij?f_ri=2180","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4618775/1930295/3072013/s65_acsij.journal.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2180,"name":"Optical Fiber Communications","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optical_Fiber_Communications?f_ri=2180","nofollow":true},{"id":985288,"name":"Coherent Detection","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Coherent_Detection?f_ri=2180","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_37656617" data-work_id="37656617" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/37656617/Optical_infrared_laser_communication">Optical infrared laser communication</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">In the industry, the Modulated IR laser plays an important role for a lot of gigantic sensor modules and laser communications between the transmitter and receiver. So far the method discussed in this paper is about the modulated IR laser... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_37656617" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">In the industry, the Modulated IR laser plays an important<br />role for a lot of gigantic sensor modules and laser<br />communications between the transmitter and receiver. So far<br />the method discussed in this paper is about the modulated IR<br />laser retransmitted wave by the sensor, after sensing the type<br />modulation of the laser and then transmitting the same laser<br />again.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/37656617" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="e060b866379738e493c6a72a16f9b630" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":57643921,"asset_id":37656617,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/57643921/download_file?st=MTc0MDUwNTMwOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="57198527" href="https://independent.academia.edu/IjariitJournal">Ijariit Journal</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="57198527" type="text/json">{"id":57198527,"first_name":"Ijariit","last_name":"Journal","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"IjariitJournal","display_name":"Ijariit Journal","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/IjariitJournal?f_ri=2180","photo":"https://gravatar.com/avatar/db9d4d258089cbbe600427cb749b6b03?s=65"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_37656617 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="37656617"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 37656617, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_37656617", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=37656617]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_37656617").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_37656617").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="37656617"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">2</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2180" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optical_Fiber_Communications">Optical Fiber Communications</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2180" type="text/json">{"id":2180,"name":"Optical Fiber Communications","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optical_Fiber_Communications?f_ri=2180","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="931781" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Laser_Communication_Networks">Laser Communication Networks</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="931781" type="text/json">{"id":931781,"name":"Laser Communication Networks","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Laser_Communication_Networks?f_ri=2180","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=37656617]'), work: {"id":37656617,"title":"Optical infrared laser communication","created_at":"2018-10-26T22:26:53.933-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/37656617/Optical_infrared_laser_communication?f_ri=2180","dom_id":"work_37656617","summary":"In the industry, the Modulated IR laser plays an important\nrole for a lot of gigantic sensor modules and laser\ncommunications between the transmitter and receiver. So far\nthe method discussed in this paper is about the modulated IR\nlaser retransmitted wave by the sensor, after sensing the type\nmodulation of the laser and then transmitting the same laser\nagain.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":57643921,"asset_id":37656617,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":57198527,"first_name":"Ijariit","last_name":"Journal","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"IjariitJournal","display_name":"Ijariit Journal","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/IjariitJournal?f_ri=2180","photo":"https://gravatar.com/avatar/db9d4d258089cbbe600427cb749b6b03?s=65"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2180,"name":"Optical Fiber Communications","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optical_Fiber_Communications?f_ri=2180","nofollow":true},{"id":931781,"name":"Laser Communication Networks","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Laser_Communication_Networks?f_ri=2180","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_42978330" data-work_id="42978330" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/42978330/A_Survey_on_Virtual_Bass_Enhancement_for_Active_Noise_Cancelling_Headphones">A Survey on Virtual Bass Enhancement for Active Noise Cancelling Headphones</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This survey paper includes a modernized update on multiple initiatives taken to enhance the perceptual bass. The auditory feeling of the low-frequency pitch is discussed and a vivid analysis of the missing fundamental effect is provided.... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_42978330" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This survey paper includes a modernized update on multiple initiatives taken to enhance the perceptual bass. The auditory feeling of the low-frequency pitch is discussed and a vivid analysis of the missing fundamental effect is provided. This paper shows the trend of attempting the virtual bass enhancement in active noise cancelling (ANC) headphones. A wide range of commercial products of the ANC headphones are compared. Moreover, this paper briefly introduces a virtual bass toolbox that is easy to use for beginners and elaborates three main kinds of virtual bass enhancement algorithms. We present some open questions in the last portion of this paper, providing some potential directions for the future research.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/42978330" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="90ed7c6c9c47ca2cad125eb6025a67a4" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":63237946,"asset_id":42978330,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/63237946/download_file?st=MTc0MDUwNTMwOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="99363992" href="https://uestc.academia.edu/KennethCoker">Kenneth Coker</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="99363992" type="text/json">{"id":99363992,"first_name":"Kenneth","last_name":"Coker","domain_name":"uestc","page_name":"KennethCoker","display_name":"Kenneth Coker","profile_url":"https://uestc.academia.edu/KennethCoker?f_ri=2180","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/99363992/23862784/34779499/s65_kenneth.coker.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_42978330 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="42978330"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 42978330, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_42978330", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=42978330]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_42978330").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_42978330").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="42978330"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="499" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Acoustics">Acoustics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="499" type="text/json">{"id":499,"name":"Acoustics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Acoustics?f_ri=2180","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2141" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Signal_Processing">Signal Processing</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2141" type="text/json">{"id":2141,"name":"Signal Processing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Signal_Processing?f_ri=2180","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2180" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optical_Fiber_Communications">Optical Fiber Communications</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="2180" type="text/json">{"id":2180,"name":"Optical Fiber Communications","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optical_Fiber_Communications?f_ri=2180","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=42978330]'), work: {"id":42978330,"title":"A Survey on Virtual Bass Enhancement for Active Noise Cancelling Headphones","created_at":"2020-05-08T02:25:50.318-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/42978330/A_Survey_on_Virtual_Bass_Enhancement_for_Active_Noise_Cancelling_Headphones?f_ri=2180","dom_id":"work_42978330","summary":"This survey paper includes a modernized update on multiple initiatives taken to enhance the perceptual bass. The auditory feeling of the low-frequency pitch is discussed and a vivid analysis of the missing fundamental effect is provided. This paper shows the trend of attempting the virtual bass enhancement in active noise cancelling (ANC) headphones. A wide range of commercial products of the ANC headphones are compared. Moreover, this paper briefly introduces a virtual bass toolbox that is easy to use for beginners and elaborates three main kinds of virtual bass enhancement algorithms. We present some open questions in the last portion of this paper, providing some potential directions for the future research.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":63237946,"asset_id":42978330,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":99363992,"first_name":"Kenneth","last_name":"Coker","domain_name":"uestc","page_name":"KennethCoker","display_name":"Kenneth Coker","profile_url":"https://uestc.academia.edu/KennethCoker?f_ri=2180","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/99363992/23862784/34779499/s65_kenneth.coker.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":499,"name":"Acoustics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Acoustics?f_ri=2180","nofollow":true},{"id":2141,"name":"Signal Processing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Signal_Processing?f_ri=2180","nofollow":true},{"id":2180,"name":"Optical Fiber Communications","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optical_Fiber_Communications?f_ri=2180","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_43253197" data-work_id="43253197" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/43253197/Nobel_fizik_%C3%B6d%C3%BCl%C3%BC">Nobel fizik ödülü</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">2009 yılındaki Nobel fizik ödüllerinden biri Fiber optiğin keşfine diğeri CCD Yarı iletken Görüntü sensörünün keşfine verilmiştir.<br />Bu videoda bu iki keşif anlatılmakta ve günümüz teknolojisine ve toplumuna etkileri incelenmektedir.</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/43253197" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="c98b6edb13592572ae2b27ad37c09f14" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":63524219,"asset_id":43253197,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/63524219/download_file?st=MTc0MDUwNTMwOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="19034534" href="https://metuhacettepe.academia.edu/OktayEldem">Mehmet O K T A Y ELDEM</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="19034534" type="text/json">{"id":19034534,"first_name":"Mehmet","last_name":"ELDEM","domain_name":"metuhacettepe","page_name":"OktayEldem","display_name":"Mehmet O K T A Y ELDEM","profile_url":"https://metuhacettepe.academia.edu/OktayEldem?f_ri=2180","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/19034534/5318606/12753223/s65_oktay.eldem.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_43253197 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="43253197"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 43253197, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_43253197", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_43253197 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 43253197; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_43253197"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_43253197 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="43253197"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 43253197; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=43253197]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_43253197").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_43253197").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="43253197"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">8</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2180" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optical_Fiber_Communications">Optical Fiber Communications</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2180" type="text/json">{"id":2180,"name":"Optical Fiber Communications","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optical_Fiber_Communications?f_ri=2180","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="16519" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fiber_Optic_Sensors">Fiber Optic Sensors</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="16519" type="text/json">{"id":16519,"name":"Fiber Optic Sensors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fiber_Optic_Sensors?f_ri=2180","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="31163" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fiber_Laser">Fiber Laser</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="31163" type="text/json">{"id":31163,"name":"Fiber Laser","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fiber_Laser?f_ri=2180","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="78937" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fizik">Fizik</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="78937" type="text/json">{"id":78937,"name":"Fizik","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fizik?f_ri=2180","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=43253197]'), work: {"id":43253197,"title":"Nobel fizik ödülü","created_at":"2020-06-04T01:24:01.028-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/43253197/Nobel_fizik_%C3%B6d%C3%BCl%C3%BC?f_ri=2180","dom_id":"work_43253197","summary":"2009 yılındaki Nobel fizik ödüllerinden biri Fiber optiğin keşfine diğeri CCD Yarı iletken Görüntü sensörünün keşfine verilmiştir.\nBu videoda bu iki keşif anlatılmakta ve günümüz teknolojisine ve toplumuna etkileri incelenmektedir.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":63524219,"asset_id":43253197,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":19034534,"first_name":"Mehmet","last_name":"ELDEM","domain_name":"metuhacettepe","page_name":"OktayEldem","display_name":"Mehmet O K T A Y ELDEM","profile_url":"https://metuhacettepe.academia.edu/OktayEldem?f_ri=2180","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/19034534/5318606/12753223/s65_oktay.eldem.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2180,"name":"Optical Fiber Communications","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optical_Fiber_Communications?f_ri=2180","nofollow":true},{"id":16519,"name":"Fiber Optic Sensors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fiber_Optic_Sensors?f_ri=2180","nofollow":true},{"id":31163,"name":"Fiber Laser","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fiber_Laser?f_ri=2180","nofollow":true},{"id":78937,"name":"Fizik","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fizik?f_ri=2180","nofollow":true},{"id":383380,"name":"Ring Laser Gyroscopes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ring_Laser_Gyroscopes?f_ri=2180"},{"id":618926,"name":"Fiber Optik","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fiber_Optik?f_ri=2180"},{"id":967566,"name":"Fiber Optic Technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fiber_Optic_Technology?f_ri=2180"},{"id":999226,"name":"CCD Cameras","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/CCD_Cameras?f_ri=2180"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_34590666" data-work_id="34590666" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/34590666/Managing_IP_Networks_Challenges_and_Opportunities">Managing IP Networks: Challenges and Opportunities</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">IP has a major role in the evolution of networks and services. Issues relating to end-to-end network and service management which offers advanced services, are addressed in this book; making it a defining work on this topic.</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/34590666" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="6c7065809828ea4680c4b9b55f918097" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":54456378,"asset_id":34590666,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/54456378/download_file?st=MTc0MDUwNTMwOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="712118" href="https://unifacs.academia.edu/JobertoMartins">Joberto S B Martins</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="712118" type="text/json">{"id":712118,"first_name":"Joberto","last_name":"Martins","domain_name":"unifacs","page_name":"JobertoMartins","display_name":"Joberto S B Martins","profile_url":"https://unifacs.academia.edu/JobertoMartins?f_ri=2180","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/712118/241406/3938165/s65_joberto.martins.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_34590666 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="34590666"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 34590666, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_34590666", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_34590666 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 34590666; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_34590666"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_34590666 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="34590666"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 34590666; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=34590666]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_34590666").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_34590666").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="34590666"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">6</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2180" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optical_Fiber_Communications">Optical Fiber Communications</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2180" type="text/json">{"id":2180,"name":"Optical Fiber Communications","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optical_Fiber_Communications?f_ri=2180","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="13690" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecommerce">Ecommerce</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="13690" type="text/json">{"id":13690,"name":"Ecommerce","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecommerce?f_ri=2180","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="20933" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quality_of_Service_Networks_">Quality of Service (Networks)</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="20933" type="text/json">{"id":20933,"name":"Quality of Service (Networks)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quality_of_Service_Networks_?f_ri=2180","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="24438" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Network_Management">Network Management</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="24438" type="text/json">{"id":24438,"name":"Network Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Network_Management?f_ri=2180","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=34590666]'), work: {"id":34590666,"title":"Managing IP Networks: Challenges and Opportunities","created_at":"2017-09-17T10:49:44.220-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/34590666/Managing_IP_Networks_Challenges_and_Opportunities?f_ri=2180","dom_id":"work_34590666","summary":"IP has a major role in the evolution of networks and services. Issues relating to end-to-end network and service management which offers advanced services, are addressed in this book; making it a defining work on this topic.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":54456378,"asset_id":34590666,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":712118,"first_name":"Joberto","last_name":"Martins","domain_name":"unifacs","page_name":"JobertoMartins","display_name":"Joberto S B Martins","profile_url":"https://unifacs.academia.edu/JobertoMartins?f_ri=2180","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/712118/241406/3938165/s65_joberto.martins.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2180,"name":"Optical Fiber Communications","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optical_Fiber_Communications?f_ri=2180","nofollow":true},{"id":13690,"name":"Ecommerce","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecommerce?f_ri=2180","nofollow":true},{"id":20933,"name":"Quality of Service (Networks)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quality_of_Service_Networks_?f_ri=2180","nofollow":true},{"id":24438,"name":"Network Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Network_Management?f_ri=2180","nofollow":true},{"id":1325669,"name":"Infrastructure Charging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Infrastructure_Charging?f_ri=2180"},{"id":1489950,"name":"Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transmission_Control_Protocol_Internet_Protocol_TCP_IP_?f_ri=2180"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_73171171" data-work_id="73171171" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/73171171/Improvement_of_coupling_efficiency_in_free_space_optical_communication_with_a_multi_actuator_adaptive_lens">Improvement of coupling efficiency in free-space optical communication with a multi-actuator adaptive lens</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">In free-space optical communication, the propagation of a laser beam through the atmosphere causes wavefront distortions that decrease the coupling efficiency (CE) from free space to single-mode fiber. This tremendously degrades the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_73171171" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">In free-space optical communication, the propagation of a laser beam through the atmosphere causes wavefront distortions that decrease the coupling efficiency (CE) from free space to single-mode fiber. This tremendously degrades the performance of the communication channel even in the case of weak turbulence regime. In this Letter, we demonstrate that a multi-actuator adaptive lens working in closed loop with a wavefront sensor can strongly reduce the effect of turbulence while reducing the system complexity with respect to correction systems using deformable mirrors or liquid crystal spatial light modulators. We obtain a three-fold increase in the CE in weak turbulence regime.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/73171171" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="191522680" href="https://independent.academia.edu/HosseinSaghafifar">Hossein Saghafifar</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="191522680" type="text/json">{"id":191522680,"first_name":"Hossein","last_name":"Saghafifar","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"HosseinSaghafifar","display_name":"Hossein Saghafifar","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/HosseinSaghafifar?f_ri=2180","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/191522680/54510349/42659564/s65_hossein.saghafifar.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_73171171 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="73171171"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 73171171, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_73171171", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=73171171]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_73171171").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_73171171").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="73171171"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">7</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="516" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optics">Optics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="516" type="text/json">{"id":516,"name":"Optics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optics?f_ri=2180","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="518" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quantum_Physics">Quantum Physics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="518" type="text/json">{"id":518,"name":"Quantum Physics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quantum_Physics?f_ri=2180","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2180" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optical_Fiber_Communications">Optical Fiber Communications</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2180" type="text/json">{"id":2180,"name":"Optical Fiber Communications","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optical_Fiber_Communications?f_ri=2180","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="30416" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adaptive_Optics">Adaptive Optics</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="30416" type="text/json">{"id":30416,"name":"Adaptive Optics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adaptive_Optics?f_ri=2180","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=73171171]'), work: {"id":73171171,"title":"Improvement of coupling efficiency in free-space optical communication with a multi-actuator adaptive lens","created_at":"2022-03-06T03:02:23.895-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/73171171/Improvement_of_coupling_efficiency_in_free_space_optical_communication_with_a_multi_actuator_adaptive_lens?f_ri=2180","dom_id":"work_73171171","summary":"In free-space optical communication, the propagation of a laser beam through the atmosphere causes wavefront distortions that decrease the coupling efficiency (CE) from free space to single-mode fiber. This tremendously degrades the performance of the communication channel even in the case of weak turbulence regime. In this Letter, we demonstrate that a multi-actuator adaptive lens working in closed loop with a wavefront sensor can strongly reduce the effect of turbulence while reducing the system complexity with respect to correction systems using deformable mirrors or liquid crystal spatial light modulators. We obtain a three-fold increase in the CE in weak turbulence regime.","downloadable_attachments":[],"ordered_authors":[{"id":191522680,"first_name":"Hossein","last_name":"Saghafifar","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"HosseinSaghafifar","display_name":"Hossein Saghafifar","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/HosseinSaghafifar?f_ri=2180","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/191522680/54510349/42659564/s65_hossein.saghafifar.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":516,"name":"Optics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optics?f_ri=2180","nofollow":true},{"id":518,"name":"Quantum Physics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quantum_Physics?f_ri=2180","nofollow":true},{"id":2180,"name":"Optical Fiber Communications","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optical_Fiber_Communications?f_ri=2180","nofollow":true},{"id":30416,"name":"Adaptive Optics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adaptive_Optics?f_ri=2180","nofollow":true},{"id":263152,"name":"Optical physics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optical_physics?f_ri=2180"},{"id":276894,"name":"FSO","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/FSO?f_ri=2180"},{"id":1237788,"name":"Electrical And Electronic Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electrical_And_Electronic_Engineering?f_ri=2180"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_35765210" data-work_id="35765210" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/35765210/Cascading_of_Dual_Drive_Mach_Zehnder_Modulator_and_Electro_Absorption_Modulator_for_producing_an_Optical_Comb">Cascading of Dual Drive Mach Zehnder Modulator and Electro Absorption Modulator for producing an Optical Comb</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">—A new scheme for generatinga flat optical frequency comb using three Laser sourcesbased on cascading of Dual Drive Mach Zehnder Modulator (DD-MZM) and Electro Absorption Modulator (EAM) through an optical nonlinear fiber loop is explored... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_35765210" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">—A new scheme for generatinga flat optical frequency comb using three Laser sourcesbased on cascading of Dual Drive Mach Zehnder Modulator (DD-MZM) and Electro Absorption Modulator (EAM) through an optical nonlinear fiber loop is explored in this paper. A single RF signal of 25 GHz having different amplitudes feed into the two arms of DD-MZM and then feed the signal into EAM to modulate the pulse train. By controlling the DC bias of both modulators as well as the RF signal frequency, the scheme is successful in generating evenly spaced 15 flat comb lines among 25 lines with a spectral power variation of about 2dB.The paper compares the performance of the proposed scheme against other methods where only one modulator was used. The scheme is also analysed for producing an optimum number of spectral lines based on number of sources, channel spacing and RF signal frequency. Finally, the performance of the system was successfully evaluated in a preliminary WDM setup of five channels/modes at 10Gb/s for a channel of 1 km length. Results in the form of BER and Q factor are presented in this paper.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/35765210" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="18c666f2298b27150f42635e54bde47b" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":55641403,"asset_id":35765210,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/55641403/download_file?st=MTc0MDUwNTMwOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="75214084" href="https://mcgill.academia.edu/RifatNazneen">Rifat Nazneen</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="75214084" type="text/json">{"id":75214084,"first_name":"Rifat","last_name":"Nazneen","domain_name":"mcgill","page_name":"RifatNazneen","display_name":"Rifat Nazneen","profile_url":"https://mcgill.academia.edu/RifatNazneen?f_ri=2180","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/75214084/18896746/18852883/s65_rifat.nazneen.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_35765210 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="35765210"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 35765210, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_35765210", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=35765210]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_35765210").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_35765210").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="35765210"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2180" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optical_Fiber_Communications">Optical Fiber Communications</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2180" type="text/json">{"id":2180,"name":"Optical Fiber Communications","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optical_Fiber_Communications?f_ri=2180","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4317" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nonlinear_Optics">Nonlinear Optics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4317" type="text/json">{"id":4317,"name":"Nonlinear Optics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nonlinear_Optics?f_ri=2180","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="123470" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optoelectronics_and_Photonics">Optoelectronics and Photonics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="123470" type="text/json">{"id":123470,"name":"Optoelectronics and Photonics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optoelectronics_and_Photonics?f_ri=2180","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="643273" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optical_Frequency_Comb">Optical Frequency Comb</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="643273" type="text/json">{"id":643273,"name":"Optical Frequency Comb","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optical_Frequency_Comb?f_ri=2180","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=35765210]'), work: {"id":35765210,"title":"Cascading of Dual Drive Mach Zehnder Modulator and Electro Absorption Modulator for producing an Optical Comb","created_at":"2018-01-26T07:24:15.099-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/35765210/Cascading_of_Dual_Drive_Mach_Zehnder_Modulator_and_Electro_Absorption_Modulator_for_producing_an_Optical_Comb?f_ri=2180","dom_id":"work_35765210","summary":"—A new scheme for generatinga flat optical frequency comb using three Laser sourcesbased on cascading of Dual Drive Mach Zehnder Modulator (DD-MZM) and Electro Absorption Modulator (EAM) through an optical nonlinear fiber loop is explored in this paper. A single RF signal of 25 GHz having different amplitudes feed into the two arms of DD-MZM and then feed the signal into EAM to modulate the pulse train. By controlling the DC bias of both modulators as well as the RF signal frequency, the scheme is successful in generating evenly spaced 15 flat comb lines among 25 lines with a spectral power variation of about 2dB.The paper compares the performance of the proposed scheme against other methods where only one modulator was used. The scheme is also analysed for producing an optimum number of spectral lines based on number of sources, channel spacing and RF signal frequency. Finally, the performance of the system was successfully evaluated in a preliminary WDM setup of five channels/modes at 10Gb/s for a channel of 1 km length. Results in the form of BER and Q factor are presented in this paper.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":55641403,"asset_id":35765210,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":75214084,"first_name":"Rifat","last_name":"Nazneen","domain_name":"mcgill","page_name":"RifatNazneen","display_name":"Rifat Nazneen","profile_url":"https://mcgill.academia.edu/RifatNazneen?f_ri=2180","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/75214084/18896746/18852883/s65_rifat.nazneen.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2180,"name":"Optical Fiber Communications","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optical_Fiber_Communications?f_ri=2180","nofollow":true},{"id":4317,"name":"Nonlinear Optics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nonlinear_Optics?f_ri=2180","nofollow":true},{"id":123470,"name":"Optoelectronics and Photonics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optoelectronics_and_Photonics?f_ri=2180","nofollow":true},{"id":643273,"name":"Optical Frequency Comb","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optical_Frequency_Comb?f_ri=2180","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_66420775" data-work_id="66420775" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/66420775/A_literature_study_of_optical_fibre_based_Telecommunication_Backbone">A literature study of optical fibre based-Telecommunication Backbone</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">In this paper, The author will describe the literature study of optical fiber based-Telecommunication Backbone which aims to describe what is a telecommunication backbone and the benefits of telecommunication backbone. The backbone, or... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_66420775" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">In this paper, The author will describe the literature study of optical fiber based-Telecommunication Backbone which aims to describe what is a telecommunication backbone and the benefits of telecommunication backbone. The backbone, or telecommunications backbone, is the nerve center of a very high speed network. The backbone uses the most efficient high-bandwidth technologies. Since the 1990s, optical fiber has become the foundation and standard for this segment of digital networks. However, smaller capacity axes can still be operated in FH (point-to-point Radio Relay) or by Satellite for isolated or island areas. No need to doubt the backbone network because it can reach up to 10 Gbps. With such a high speed, the backbone network is also able to reach networks up to 100 km. In addition, the backbone in the network uses a dual ring technique that is able to provide a fairly high fault tolerance. For those of you who like to download images and stream videos, this backbone network really supports the data transfer traffic.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/66420775" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="e6fc57200686306d26be27f04ced5560" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":77617931,"asset_id":66420775,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/77617931/download_file?st=MTc0MDUwNTMwOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="189651131" href="https://independent.academia.edu/KomATeknikInformatika">Kom A Teknik Informatika</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="189651131" type="text/json">{"id":189651131,"first_name":"Kom A","last_name":"Teknik Informatika","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"KomATeknikInformatika","display_name":"Kom A Teknik Informatika","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/KomATeknikInformatika?f_ri=2180","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/189651131/52882072/41000127/s65_kom_a.teknik_informatika.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_66420775 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="66420775"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 66420775, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_66420775", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=66420775]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_66420775").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_66420775").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="66420775"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i></div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl6x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2180" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optical_Fiber_Communications">Optical Fiber Communications</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="2180" type="text/json">{"id":2180,"name":"Optical Fiber Communications","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optical_Fiber_Communications?f_ri=2180","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (false) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=66420775]'), work: {"id":66420775,"title":"A literature study of optical fibre based-Telecommunication Backbone","created_at":"2021-12-29T10:48:44.441-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/66420775/A_literature_study_of_optical_fibre_based_Telecommunication_Backbone?f_ri=2180","dom_id":"work_66420775","summary":"In this paper, The author will describe the literature study of optical fiber based-Telecommunication Backbone which aims to describe what is a telecommunication backbone and the benefits of telecommunication backbone. The backbone, or telecommunications backbone, is the nerve center of a very high speed network. The backbone uses the most efficient high-bandwidth technologies. Since the 1990s, optical fiber has become the foundation and standard for this segment of digital networks. However, smaller capacity axes can still be operated in FH (point-to-point Radio Relay) or by Satellite for isolated or island areas. No need to doubt the backbone network because it can reach up to 10 Gbps. With such a high speed, the backbone network is also able to reach networks up to 100 km. In addition, the backbone in the network uses a dual ring technique that is able to provide a fairly high fault tolerance. For those of you who like to download images and stream videos, this backbone network really supports the data transfer traffic.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":77617931,"asset_id":66420775,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":189651131,"first_name":"Kom A","last_name":"Teknik Informatika","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"KomATeknikInformatika","display_name":"Kom A Teknik Informatika","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/KomATeknikInformatika?f_ri=2180","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/189651131/52882072/41000127/s65_kom_a.teknik_informatika.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2180,"name":"Optical Fiber Communications","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optical_Fiber_Communications?f_ri=2180","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_71265762" data-work_id="71265762" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/71265762/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B8_%D1%81%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7_%D0%B5%D0%B5_%D1%8D%D0%BA%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%B8%D0%B7_%D0%A0%D0%93%D0%90%D0%94%D0%90_%D0%B8_%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%A1%D0%B2_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B0">Первая печатная карта Московии: историография и сравнительный анализ ее экземпляров из РГАДА и библиотеки Св. Марка</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Представлена отечественная и зарубежная историография, относящаяся к карте Московии, сопоставлены ее описания, сделанные российскими исследователями, а также проведено сравнение экземпляров ксилографий из фондов Российского... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_71265762" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Представлена отечественная и зарубежная историография, относящаяся к карте Московии, сопоставлены ее описания, сделанные российскими исследователями, а также проведено сравнение экземпляров ксилографий из фондов Российского государственного архива древних актов и библиотеки Св. Марка в Венеции.<br /><br />The paper discusses the historiography related to Paolo Giovio's 1525 map of Moscovia, critically reviews the descriptions made by the Soviet and Russian researchers to date, and presents a comparative study of the two woodcut copies preserved in the Russian State Archive of Ancient Acts in Moscow (RGADA) and Biblioteca Marciana in Venice.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/71265762" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="3f437d86099b0334a12ea6085c1f1f1b" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":81164448,"asset_id":71265762,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button 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Khotimsky","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/DenisKhotimsky?f_ri=2180","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1679652/581367/722473/s65_denis.khotimsky.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_71265762 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="71265762"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 71265762, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_71265762", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_71265762 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 71265762; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_71265762"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_71265762 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="71265762"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 71265762; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=71265762]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_71265762").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_71265762").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="71265762"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2180" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optical_Fiber_Communications">Optical Fiber Communications</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2180" type="text/json">{"id":2180,"name":"Optical Fiber Communications","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optical_Fiber_Communications?f_ri=2180","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3974" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Telecommunications">Telecommunications</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3974" type="text/json">{"id":3974,"name":"Telecommunications","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Telecommunications?f_ri=2180","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6878" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Cartography">History of Cartography</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6878" type="text/json">{"id":6878,"name":"History of Cartography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Cartography?f_ri=2180","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="36299" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Distributed_Systems">Distributed Systems</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="36299" type="text/json">{"id":36299,"name":"Distributed Systems","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Distributed_Systems?f_ri=2180","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=71265762]'), work: {"id":71265762,"title":"Первая печатная карта Московии: историография и сравнительный анализ ее экземпляров из РГАДА и библиотеки Св. Марка","created_at":"2022-02-12T17:28:05.310-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/71265762/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B8_%D1%81%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7_%D0%B5%D0%B5_%D1%8D%D0%BA%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%B8%D0%B7_%D0%A0%D0%93%D0%90%D0%94%D0%90_%D0%B8_%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%A1%D0%B2_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B0?f_ri=2180","dom_id":"work_71265762","summary":"Представлена отечественная и зарубежная историография, относящаяся к карте Московии, сопоставлены ее описания, сделанные российскими исследователями, а также проведено сравнение экземпляров ксилографий из фондов Российского государственного архива древних актов и библиотеки Св. Марка в Венеции.\n\nThe paper discusses the historiography related to Paolo Giovio's 1525 map of Moscovia, critically reviews the descriptions made by the Soviet and Russian researchers to date, and presents a comparative study of the two woodcut copies preserved in the Russian State Archive of Ancient Acts in Moscow (RGADA) and Biblioteca Marciana in Venice.\n","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":81164448,"asset_id":71265762,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1679652,"first_name":"Denis","last_name":"Khotimsky","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"DenisKhotimsky","display_name":"Denis Khotimsky","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/DenisKhotimsky?f_ri=2180","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1679652/581367/722473/s65_denis.khotimsky.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2180,"name":"Optical Fiber Communications","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optical_Fiber_Communications?f_ri=2180","nofollow":true},{"id":3974,"name":"Telecommunications","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Telecommunications?f_ri=2180","nofollow":true},{"id":6878,"name":"History of Cartography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Cartography?f_ri=2180","nofollow":true},{"id":36299,"name":"Distributed Systems","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Distributed_Systems?f_ri=2180","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_9812949" data-work_id="9812949" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/9812949/An_introduction_to_Stimulated_Raman_Scattering_and_its_Applications_in_Optical_Fiber_Communications">An introduction to Stimulated Raman Scattering and its Applications in Optical Fiber Communications</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">The nonlinear scattering effects in optical fiber occur due to<br />inelastic-scattering of a photon to a lower energy photon. This<br />review presents the stimulated Raman scattering and some of its<br />applications in fiber optic communications.</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/9812949" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="1107f3b484bbd8caf5627a220974633e" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":35983348,"asset_id":9812949,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/35983348/download_file?st=MTc0MDUwNTMwOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="7219170" href="https://independent.academia.edu/Scientificfootprints">International Jounal of Scientific Footprints (ISSN 2310-4090)</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="7219170" type="text/json">{"id":7219170,"first_name":"International Jounal of","last_name":"Scientific Footprints (ISSN 2310-4090)","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"Scientificfootprints","display_name":"International Jounal of Scientific Footprints (ISSN 2310-4090)","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/Scientificfootprints?f_ri=2180","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/7219170/2692468/3134086/s65_international_jounal_of.scientific_footprints_issn_2310-4090_.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_9812949 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="9812949"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 9812949, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_9812949", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=9812949]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_9812949").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_9812949").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="9812949"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2180" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optical_Fiber_Communications">Optical Fiber Communications</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2180" type="text/json">{"id":2180,"name":"Optical Fiber Communications","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optical_Fiber_Communications?f_ri=2180","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="82231" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Inelastic_Neutron_Scattering">Inelastic Neutron Scattering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="82231" type="text/json">{"id":82231,"name":"Inelastic Neutron Scattering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Inelastic_Neutron_Scattering?f_ri=2180","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="696337" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fiber_Nonlinearities">Fiber Nonlinearities</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="696337" type="text/json">{"id":696337,"name":"Fiber Nonlinearities","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fiber_Nonlinearities?f_ri=2180","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="882523" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Stimulated_Raman_Scattering">Stimulated Raman Scattering</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="882523" type="text/json">{"id":882523,"name":"Stimulated Raman Scattering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Stimulated_Raman_Scattering?f_ri=2180","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=9812949]'), work: {"id":9812949,"title":"An introduction to Stimulated Raman Scattering and its Applications in Optical Fiber Communications","created_at":"2014-12-17T08:21:07.474-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/9812949/An_introduction_to_Stimulated_Raman_Scattering_and_its_Applications_in_Optical_Fiber_Communications?f_ri=2180","dom_id":"work_9812949","summary":"The nonlinear scattering effects in optical fiber occur due to\ninelastic-scattering of a photon to a lower energy photon. This\nreview presents the stimulated Raman scattering and some of its\napplications in fiber optic communications.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":35983348,"asset_id":9812949,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":7219170,"first_name":"International Jounal of","last_name":"Scientific Footprints (ISSN 2310-4090)","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"Scientificfootprints","display_name":"International Jounal of Scientific Footprints (ISSN 2310-4090)","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/Scientificfootprints?f_ri=2180","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/7219170/2692468/3134086/s65_international_jounal_of.scientific_footprints_issn_2310-4090_.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2180,"name":"Optical Fiber Communications","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optical_Fiber_Communications?f_ri=2180","nofollow":true},{"id":82231,"name":"Inelastic Neutron Scattering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Inelastic_Neutron_Scattering?f_ri=2180","nofollow":true},{"id":696337,"name":"Fiber Nonlinearities","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fiber_Nonlinearities?f_ri=2180","nofollow":true},{"id":882523,"name":"Stimulated Raman Scattering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Stimulated_Raman_Scattering?f_ri=2180","nofollow":true},{"id":1539529,"name":"SRS Applications","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/SRS_Applications?f_ri=2180"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_35398504" data-work_id="35398504" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/35398504/A_Study_on_Effect_of_Mechanical_Properties_of_Recron_3S_Fibre_Concrete_on_Different_Grades_Exposed_to_Elevated_Temperatures">A Study on Effect of Mechanical Properties of Recron 3S Fibre Concrete on Different Grades Exposed to Elevated Temperatures</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The concrete elements such as beams, columns, slabs etc., prone to sudden fire break out of fire are subjected to extreme temperatures. Their performance and assessment after exposed to fire becomes necessary to decide upon its fitness... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_35398504" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The concrete elements such as beams, columns, slabs etc., prone to sudden fire break out of fire are subjected to extreme temperatures. Their performance and assessment after exposed to fire becomes necessary to decide upon its fitness and required measures for the repair of different elements. Therefore, it is necessary to understand the changes in the concrete properties due to its exposure to extreme temperatures. It is very essential to know the effect of elevated temperature on the properties of concrete. This paper investigates the effect of sustained elevated temperature on the properties of ordinary concretes of three different grades i.e., M30, M35 and M40 grades, containing 53 grade of cement. The specimens were heated to 150 0 C, 250 0 C and 300 0 C at 1 hour, 2hours and 3hours duration in muffle furnace. They were tested for compressive and split tensile strengths after air cooling to the room temperature. The variables considered in the study include type of cementing material, and temperature. The compressive and tensile strengths of concrete decreased with increasing temperature. And also recron 3s fiber material is used for increasing the strength of the concrete at various temperatures. In this experimental study Recron 3s fiber has been added to concrete in order to enhance the strength characteristics of the concrete in percentages of 0.10%, 0.15%, 0.20%, 0.25%, 0.30%, 0.35% and 0.40% to the weight of concrete and the optimum fiber content for Compressive and Tensile strengths were obtained and it can be used for further study for determining the Compressive and Tensile strengths of the conventional concrete without using recron 3s fiber and concrete with recron 3s fiber material at various elevated temperatures and were observed at 1hour, 2hours and 3hours duration for the age of 7 days to 56 days.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/35398504" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="c44c0d248ad0daff541b645d92f1b494" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":55258892,"asset_id":35398504,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/55258892/download_file?st=MTc0MDUwNTMwOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="14715764" href="https://ramjimmakwana.academia.edu/ijirstjournal">IJIRST - International Journal for Innovative Research in Science and Technology</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="14715764" type="text/json">{"id":14715764,"first_name":"IJIRST","last_name":"International Journal for Innovative Research in Science and Technology","domain_name":"ramjimmakwana","page_name":"ijirstjournal","display_name":"IJIRST - International Journal for Innovative Research in Science and Technology","profile_url":"https://ramjimmakwana.academia.edu/ijirstjournal?f_ri=2180","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/14715764/4006643/18545758/s65_ijirst.international_journal_for_innovative_research_in_science_and_technology.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_35398504 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="35398504"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 35398504, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_35398504", }); 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Their performance and assessment after exposed to fire becomes necessary to decide upon its fitness and required measures for the repair of different elements. Therefore, it is necessary to understand the changes in the concrete properties due to its exposure to extreme temperatures. It is very essential to know the effect of elevated temperature on the properties of concrete. This paper investigates the effect of sustained elevated temperature on the properties of ordinary concretes of three different grades i.e., M30, M35 and M40 grades, containing 53 grade of cement. The specimens were heated to 150 0 C, 250 0 C and 300 0 C at 1 hour, 2hours and 3hours duration in muffle furnace. They were tested for compressive and split tensile strengths after air cooling to the room temperature. The variables considered in the study include type of cementing material, and temperature. The compressive and tensile strengths of concrete decreased with increasing temperature. And also recron 3s fiber material is used for increasing the strength of the concrete at various temperatures. In this experimental study Recron 3s fiber has been added to concrete in order to enhance the strength characteristics of the concrete in percentages of 0.10%, 0.15%, 0.20%, 0.25%, 0.30%, 0.35% and 0.40% to the weight of concrete and the optimum fiber content for Compressive and Tensile strengths were obtained and it can be used for further study for determining the Compressive and Tensile strengths of the conventional concrete without using recron 3s fiber and concrete with recron 3s fiber material at various elevated temperatures and were observed at 1hour, 2hours and 3hours duration for the age of 7 days to 56 days.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":55258892,"asset_id":35398504,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":14715764,"first_name":"IJIRST","last_name":"International Journal for Innovative Research in Science and Technology","domain_name":"ramjimmakwana","page_name":"ijirstjournal","display_name":"IJIRST - International Journal for Innovative Research in Science and Technology","profile_url":"https://ramjimmakwana.academia.edu/ijirstjournal?f_ri=2180","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/14715764/4006643/18545758/s65_ijirst.international_journal_for_innovative_research_in_science_and_technology.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":73,"name":"Civil Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Civil_Engineering?f_ri=2180","nofollow":true},{"id":2180,"name":"Optical Fiber Communications","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optical_Fiber_Communications?f_ri=2180","nofollow":true},{"id":1068737,"name":"Elevated Temperature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Elevated_Temperature?f_ri=2180","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_10299892" data-work_id="10299892" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/10299892/Serat_Optik">Serat Optik</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">Optik Modern</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/10299892" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="b0f259d4527c73dac1e0a9197c483865" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":36375608,"asset_id":10299892,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/36375608/download_file?st=MTc0MDUwNTMwOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="20911686" href="https://independent.academia.edu/NURHIDAYAT82">NUR HIDAYAT</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="20911686" type="text/json">{"id":20911686,"first_name":"NUR","last_name":"HIDAYAT","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"NURHIDAYAT82","display_name":"NUR HIDAYAT","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/NURHIDAYAT82?f_ri=2180","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/20911686/5788965/6578899/s65_nur.hidayat.jpg_oh_340c1308072c928cbc2dc37801681382_oe_551f31eb___gda___1423126947_28b0d3bfb93f6b81c4c01baffd283508"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_10299892 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="10299892"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 10299892, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_10299892", }); 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It is demonstrated that when the dispersion is 2 ps/nm/km and the number of channels are less, then SOA provide better results because as we increases the number of channels, the gain saturation problem arises due to cross gain modulation, the cross phase modulation and four wave mixing. When dispersion is increased from 2 to 10 ps/nm/km, EDFA provides better results than SOA in the term of BER and output power, but it shows non-uniform gain spectrum. We also observed that RAMAN amplifier provides better results for L band amplification and gain flatting issue because it can substantially reduce the impact of fiber nonlinearity.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/75130623" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="aab7b29705e468a81a43385adfd1ac67" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":83023618,"asset_id":75130623,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/83023618/download_file?st=MTc0MDUwNTMwOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="104847236" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AmanpreetSingh118">Amanpreet Singh</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="104847236" type="text/json">{"id":104847236,"first_name":"Amanpreet","last_name":"Singh","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AmanpreetSingh118","display_name":"Amanpreet Singh","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AmanpreetSingh118?f_ri=2180","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_75130623 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="75130623"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 75130623, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_75130623", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=75130623]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_75130623").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_75130623").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="75130623"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">2</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2180" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optical_Fiber_Communications">Optical Fiber Communications</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2180" type="text/json">{"id":2180,"name":"Optical Fiber Communications","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optical_Fiber_Communications?f_ri=2180","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="263152" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optical_physics">Optical physics</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="263152" type="text/json">{"id":263152,"name":"Optical physics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optical_physics?f_ri=2180","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=75130623]'), work: {"id":75130623,"title":"Performance evaluation of EDFA, RAMAN and SOA optical amplifier for WDM systems","created_at":"2022-04-01T01:24:06.088-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/75130623/Performance_evaluation_of_EDFA_RAMAN_and_SOA_optical_amplifier_for_WDM_systems?f_ri=2180","dom_id":"work_75130623","summary":"In this paper 10 Gbps WDM systems at 16, 32 and 64 channels have been investigated with EDFA, RAMAN and SOA amplifiers individually and the performance has been compared on the basis of transmission distance and dispersion with and without nonlinearities. It is demonstrated that when the dispersion is 2 ps/nm/km and the number of channels are less, then SOA provide better results because as we increases the number of channels, the gain saturation problem arises due to cross gain modulation, the cross phase modulation and four wave mixing. When dispersion is increased from 2 to 10 ps/nm/km, EDFA provides better results than SOA in the term of BER and output power, but it shows non-uniform gain spectrum. We also observed that RAMAN amplifier provides better results for L band amplification and gain flatting issue because it can substantially reduce the impact of fiber nonlinearity.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":83023618,"asset_id":75130623,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":104847236,"first_name":"Amanpreet","last_name":"Singh","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AmanpreetSingh118","display_name":"Amanpreet Singh","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AmanpreetSingh118?f_ri=2180","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2180,"name":"Optical Fiber Communications","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optical_Fiber_Communications?f_ri=2180","nofollow":true},{"id":263152,"name":"Optical physics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optical_physics?f_ri=2180","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_50773536" data-work_id="50773536" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/50773536/Mode_Generation_in_Elliptical_Core_Few_Mode_Fiber">Mode Generation in Elliptical Core Few Mode Fiber</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">In this paper, mode generation based on an elliptical core few mode fiber (EC-FMF) is devised through an inverse function, designed using split step beam propagation method (BPM). The undesired modes from an EC-FMF are eliminated through... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_50773536" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">In this paper, mode generation based on an elliptical core few mode fiber (EC-FMF) is devised through an inverse function, designed using split step beam propagation method (BPM). The undesired modes from an<br />EC-FMF are eliminated through an appended waveguide computed from the inverse phase of undesired modes. The EC-FMF may be used as an all-optical switch.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/50773536" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="a7350eaa7b8e24d60e7bd6008fcf03d1" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":68641607,"asset_id":50773536,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/68641607/download_file?st=MTc0MDUwNTMwOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="23637918" href="https://uum.academia.edu/TendaiZengeni">Tendai Masunda Zengeni</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="23637918" type="text/json">{"id":23637918,"first_name":"Tendai","last_name":"Masunda Zengeni","domain_name":"uum","page_name":"TendaiZengeni","display_name":"Tendai Masunda Zengeni","profile_url":"https://uum.academia.edu/TendaiZengeni?f_ri=2180","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/23637918/6406871/50071840/s65_tendai.masunda.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_50773536 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="50773536"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 50773536, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_50773536", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=50773536]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_50773536").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_50773536").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="50773536"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">7</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2180" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optical_Fiber_Communications">Optical Fiber Communications</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2180" type="text/json">{"id":2180,"name":"Optical Fiber Communications","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optical_Fiber_Communications?f_ri=2180","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4591" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nanophotonics">Nanophotonics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4591" type="text/json">{"id":4591,"name":"Nanophotonics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nanophotonics?f_ri=2180","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="10019" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Photonics">Photonics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="10019" type="text/json">{"id":10019,"name":"Photonics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Photonics?f_ri=2180","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="113876" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Switched_Mode_Power_Conversion">Switched Mode Power Conversion</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="113876" type="text/json">{"id":113876,"name":"Switched Mode Power Conversion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Switched_Mode_Power_Conversion?f_ri=2180","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=50773536]'), work: {"id":50773536,"title":"Mode Generation in Elliptical Core Few Mode Fiber","created_at":"2021-08-06T20:51:57.487-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/50773536/Mode_Generation_in_Elliptical_Core_Few_Mode_Fiber?f_ri=2180","dom_id":"work_50773536","summary":"In this paper, mode generation based on an elliptical core few mode fiber (EC-FMF) is devised through an inverse function, designed using split step beam propagation method (BPM). The undesired modes from an\nEC-FMF are eliminated through an appended waveguide computed from the inverse phase of undesired modes. The EC-FMF may be used as an all-optical switch.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":68641607,"asset_id":50773536,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":23637918,"first_name":"Tendai","last_name":"Masunda Zengeni","domain_name":"uum","page_name":"TendaiZengeni","display_name":"Tendai Masunda Zengeni","profile_url":"https://uum.academia.edu/TendaiZengeni?f_ri=2180","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/23637918/6406871/50071840/s65_tendai.masunda.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2180,"name":"Optical Fiber Communications","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optical_Fiber_Communications?f_ri=2180","nofollow":true},{"id":4591,"name":"Nanophotonics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nanophotonics?f_ri=2180","nofollow":true},{"id":10019,"name":"Photonics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Photonics?f_ri=2180","nofollow":true},{"id":113876,"name":"Switched Mode Power Conversion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Switched_Mode_Power_Conversion?f_ri=2180","nofollow":true},{"id":527098,"name":"Multimode Fiber","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multimode_Fiber?f_ri=2180"},{"id":527110,"name":"Mode Division Multiplexing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mode_Division_Multiplexing?f_ri=2180"},{"id":3136081,"name":"Few-mode fiber","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Few-mode_fiber?f_ri=2180"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_66409798 coauthored" data-work_id="66409798" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/66409798/SIGNAL_STRENGTH_IN_OPTICAL_FIBER_NETWORKS_and_ITS_OPTIMIZATION">SIGNAL STRENGTH IN OPTICAL FIBER NETWORKS& ITS OPTIMIZATION</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The optical fiber network behaves as the backbone of 5 th generation communication but there are several limitations like attenuation, dispersion, fragility of fiber, splicing and connecting loss and nonlinearities. So, in order to make... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_66409798" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The optical fiber network behaves as the backbone of 5 th generation communication but there are several limitations like attenuation, dispersion, fragility of fiber, splicing and connecting loss and nonlinearities. So, in order to make successful communication it is important to think how signal is transmitted; what amount of signal is transmitted and how long it is transmitted through the fiber. Finally, it is to be investigated the strength of the signal under the effect of Extinction Ratio for the given Fiber length with XPM treatment by OptiSystem 0.17.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/66409798" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="b796af16121c6a9b0afe32275170772c" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":77611299,"asset_id":66409798,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/77611299/download_file?st=MTc0MDUwNTMwOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="139659076" href="https://mangalayatanuniversity.academia.edu/DrVednathJha">Dr. Ved nath Jha</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="139659076" type="text/json">{"id":139659076,"first_name":"Dr. Ved nath","last_name":"Jha","domain_name":"mangalayatanuniversity","page_name":"DrVednathJha","display_name":"Dr. Ved nath Jha","profile_url":"https://mangalayatanuniversity.academia.edu/DrVednathJha?f_ri=2180","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/139659076/37629112/112994500/s65_dr._ved_nath.jha.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-66409798">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-66409798"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/PragyaOjha2">Pragya Ojha</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-66409798'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-66409798').html(); 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container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_66409798 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="66409798"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 66409798; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=66409798]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_66409798").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_66409798").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="66409798"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">2</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2180" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optical_Fiber_Communications">Optical Fiber Communications</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2180" type="text/json">{"id":2180,"name":"Optical Fiber Communications","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optical_Fiber_Communications?f_ri=2180","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="985285" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optical_Signal_Detection">Optical Signal Detection</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="985285" type="text/json">{"id":985285,"name":"Optical Signal Detection","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optical_Signal_Detection?f_ri=2180","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=66409798]'), work: {"id":66409798,"title":"SIGNAL STRENGTH IN OPTICAL FIBER NETWORKS\u0026 ITS OPTIMIZATION","created_at":"2021-12-29T09:29:25.472-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/66409798/SIGNAL_STRENGTH_IN_OPTICAL_FIBER_NETWORKS_and_ITS_OPTIMIZATION?f_ri=2180","dom_id":"work_66409798","summary":"The optical fiber network behaves as the backbone of 5 th generation communication but there are several limitations like attenuation, dispersion, fragility of fiber, splicing and connecting loss and nonlinearities. So, in order to make successful communication it is important to think how signal is transmitted; what amount of signal is transmitted and how long it is transmitted through the fiber. Finally, it is to be investigated the strength of the signal under the effect of Extinction Ratio for the given Fiber length with XPM treatment by OptiSystem 0.17.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":77611299,"asset_id":66409798,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":139659076,"first_name":"Dr. Ved nath","last_name":"Jha","domain_name":"mangalayatanuniversity","page_name":"DrVednathJha","display_name":"Dr. Ved nath Jha","profile_url":"https://mangalayatanuniversity.academia.edu/DrVednathJha?f_ri=2180","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/139659076/37629112/112994500/s65_dr._ved_nath.jha.jpg"},{"id":95139221,"first_name":"Pragya","last_name":"Ojha","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"PragyaOjha2","display_name":"Pragya Ojha","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/PragyaOjha2?f_ri=2180","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/95139221/27411880/25769930/s65_pragya.ojha.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2180,"name":"Optical Fiber Communications","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optical_Fiber_Communications?f_ri=2180","nofollow":true},{"id":985285,"name":"Optical Signal Detection","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optical_Signal_Detection?f_ri=2180","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_42684961" data-work_id="42684961" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/42684961/Design_and_Implementation_of_University_Campus_Network_based_on_FTTH">Design and Implementation of University Campus Network based on FTTH</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Fiber-to-the-home (FTTH) is the broadband network access architecture that uses the existing telecommunication infrastructures to provide the Internet service. The architectures in general are the dedicated active optical network (AON)... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_42684961" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Fiber-to-the-home (FTTH) is the broadband network access architecture that uses the existing telecommunication infrastructures to provide the Internet service. The architectures in general are the dedicated active optical network (AON) and distributed passive optical network (PON). The fairness in cost of using the service, fastness in data transmission and the extensibility of fiber access network are the main reasons the FTTH are becoming more popular day by day. The Implementation of a mini FTTH for TU (Loikaw) Campus Network was done through the partial researches: Study on FTTH, Study on Fiber Transmissions, TCP/IP Configurations and Network Design using Switches and Routers. The main aim of this research paper is to be effectively carried out high performance of fiber transmission for a FTTH by both theoretical and practical approaches. To design FTTH network in this university, fiber mainly serves as a transmission medium. Wide bandwidth signal transmission with low delay is a key requirement in present FTTH. Optical fibers provide enormous and unsurpassed transmission bandwidth with negligible latency, and are now the transmission medium of choice for long distance and high data rate transmission in telecommunication networks. To be a perfect fiber link infrastructure, splicing, good performance connector must be considered and take care of component handling. The implementation of fibre link is emphasized on active optical network (AON). For transmission link in AON, the signal degradation is not an issue for this university campus FTTH.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/42684961" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="b8bef5551a403542803aa36de86a2e55" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":62894878,"asset_id":42684961,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/62894878/download_file?st=MTc0MDUwNTMwOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="104796479" href="https://independent.academia.edu/waiphyoaung10">wai phyo aung</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="104796479" type="text/json">{"id":104796479,"first_name":"wai","last_name":"phyo aung","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"waiphyoaung10","display_name":"wai phyo aung","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/waiphyoaung10?f_ri=2180","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/104796479/29066832/27103721/s65_wai.phyo_aung.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_42684961 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="42684961"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 42684961, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_42684961", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=42684961]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_42684961").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_42684961").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="42684961"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2180" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optical_Fiber_Communications">Optical Fiber Communications</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2180" type="text/json">{"id":2180,"name":"Optical Fiber Communications","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optical_Fiber_Communications?f_ri=2180","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6203" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electronics_and_Telecommunication_Engineering">Electronics & Telecommunication Engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6203" type="text/json">{"id":6203,"name":"Electronics \u0026 Telecommunication Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electronics_and_Telecommunication_Engineering?f_ri=2180","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="30947" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_Internet">The Internet</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="30947" type="text/json">{"id":30947,"name":"The Internet","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_Internet?f_ri=2180","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="53361" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Networking_and_Telecommunication">Computer Networking and Telecommunication</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="53361" type="text/json">{"id":53361,"name":"Computer Networking and Telecommunication","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Networking_and_Telecommunication?f_ri=2180","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=42684961]'), work: {"id":42684961,"title":"Design and Implementation of University Campus Network based on FTTH","created_at":"2020-04-09T20:51:17.068-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/42684961/Design_and_Implementation_of_University_Campus_Network_based_on_FTTH?f_ri=2180","dom_id":"work_42684961","summary":"Fiber-to-the-home (FTTH) is the broadband network access architecture that uses the existing telecommunication infrastructures to provide the Internet service. The architectures in general are the dedicated active optical network (AON) and distributed passive optical network (PON). The fairness in cost of using the service, fastness in data transmission and the extensibility of fiber access network are the main reasons the FTTH are becoming more popular day by day. The Implementation of a mini FTTH for TU (Loikaw) Campus Network was done through the partial researches: Study on FTTH, Study on Fiber Transmissions, TCP/IP Configurations and Network Design using Switches and Routers. The main aim of this research paper is to be effectively carried out high performance of fiber transmission for a FTTH by both theoretical and practical approaches. To design FTTH network in this university, fiber mainly serves as a transmission medium. Wide bandwidth signal transmission with low delay is a key requirement in present FTTH. Optical fibers provide enormous and unsurpassed transmission bandwidth with negligible latency, and are now the transmission medium of choice for long distance and high data rate transmission in telecommunication networks. To be a perfect fiber link infrastructure, splicing, good performance connector must be considered and take care of component handling. The implementation of fibre link is emphasized on active optical network (AON). For transmission link in AON, the signal degradation is not an issue for this university campus FTTH.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":62894878,"asset_id":42684961,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":104796479,"first_name":"wai","last_name":"phyo aung","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"waiphyoaung10","display_name":"wai phyo aung","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/waiphyoaung10?f_ri=2180","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/104796479/29066832/27103721/s65_wai.phyo_aung.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2180,"name":"Optical Fiber Communications","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optical_Fiber_Communications?f_ri=2180","nofollow":true},{"id":6203,"name":"Electronics \u0026 Telecommunication Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electronics_and_Telecommunication_Engineering?f_ri=2180","nofollow":true},{"id":30947,"name":"The Internet","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_Internet?f_ri=2180","nofollow":true},{"id":53361,"name":"Computer Networking and Telecommunication","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Networking_and_Telecommunication?f_ri=2180","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_36987250" data-work_id="36987250" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/36987250/Adam_Smoli%C5%84ski_Optoelektronika_%C5%9Awiat%C5%82owodowa_WKi%C5%81_Warszawa_1985_dedykacja_autora_">Adam Smoliński, Optoelektronika Światłowodowa, WKiŁ, Warszawa 1985 (dedykacja autora)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">Adam Smoliński, Optoelektronika Światłowodowa, WKiŁ, Warszawa 1985  (dedykacja autora)</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/36987250" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="bc27290d752fe5c489736a5db64f17d0" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":56936256,"asset_id":36987250,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" 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autora)","created_at":"2018-07-05T12:26:21.687-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/36987250/Adam_Smoli%C5%84ski_Optoelektronika_%C5%9Awiat%C5%82owodowa_WKi%C5%81_Warszawa_1985_dedykacja_autora_?f_ri=2180","dom_id":"work_36987250","summary":"Adam Smoliński, Optoelektronika Światłowodowa, WKiŁ, Warszawa 1985 (dedykacja autora)","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":56936256,"asset_id":36987250,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":32940935,"first_name":"Ryszard","last_name":"Romaniuk","domain_name":"pw","page_name":"RyszardRomaniuk","display_name":"Ryszard Romaniuk","profile_url":"https://pw.academia.edu/RyszardRomaniuk?f_ri=2180","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/32940935/9796962/10915995/s65_ryszard.romaniuk.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":82,"name":"Optical 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sensors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optical_fiber_sensors?f_ri=2180"},{"id":44299,"name":"Optoelectronics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optoelectronics?f_ri=2180"},{"id":80221,"name":"Lasers","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lasers?f_ri=2180"},{"id":263152,"name":"Optical physics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optical_physics?f_ri=2180"},{"id":404996,"name":"Optical fiber","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optical_fiber?f_ri=2180"},{"id":967566,"name":"Fiber Optic Technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fiber_Optic_Technology?f_ri=2180"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_10409094" data-work_id="10409094" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/10409094/A_Portable_and_Wearable_Fiber_optic_based_Garment_for_Healthcare_Monitoring_and_Measurement_Heartbeat_and_Respiration_Rates_Monitoring">A Portable and Wearable Fiber-optic-based Garment for Healthcare Monitoring and Measurement; Heartbeat and Respiration Rates Monitoring</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">In this article a wearable belt that simultaneously measures the rates of the heartbeat and respiration using an into textile embedded single fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensor is presented and realized. A miniature interrogator FBGT-600... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_10409094" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">In this article a wearable belt that simultaneously measures the rates of the heartbeat and respiration using an into textile embedded single fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensor is presented and realized. A miniature interrogator FBGT-600 from Redondo-USA has been used for the measurements. The measured signal has been processed and both the heartbeat and the respiration signals have been separated and visualized.The achieved data proved to be in-line with the common known values measured by other commercial available vital signs measurement systems.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/10409094" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="4d5a0d2fc28ada44b918416bfef4c40f" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":36459884,"asset_id":10409094,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/36459884/download_file?st=MTc0MDUwNTMwOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="879062" href="https://zewailcity.academia.edu/ProfDrEngTAREKELSARNAGAWY">Prof. Dr. Eng. TAREK ELSARNAGAWY</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="879062" type="text/json">{"id":879062,"first_name":"Prof. Dr. Eng. TAREK","last_name":"ELSARNAGAWY","domain_name":"zewailcity","page_name":"ProfDrEngTAREKELSARNAGAWY","display_name":"Prof. Dr. Eng. 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A miniature interrogator FBGT-600 from Redondo-USA has been used for the measurements. The measured signal has been processed and both the heartbeat and the respiration signals have been separated and visualized.The achieved data proved to be in-line with the common known values measured by other commercial available vital signs measurement systems.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":36459884,"asset_id":10409094,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":879062,"first_name":"Prof. Dr. Eng. TAREK","last_name":"ELSARNAGAWY","domain_name":"zewailcity","page_name":"ProfDrEngTAREKELSARNAGAWY","display_name":"Prof. Dr. Eng. TAREK ELSARNAGAWY","profile_url":"https://zewailcity.academia.edu/ProfDrEngTAREKELSARNAGAWY?f_ri=2180","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/879062/327434/16937576/s65_prof._dr._eng._tarek.elsarnagawy.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1526,"name":"Sensors and Sensing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sensors_and_Sensing?f_ri=2180","nofollow":true},{"id":2180,"name":"Optical Fiber Communications","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optical_Fiber_Communications?f_ri=2180","nofollow":true},{"id":16519,"name":"Fiber Optic Sensors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fiber_Optic_Sensors?f_ri=2180","nofollow":true},{"id":184492,"name":"Fiber Bragg gratings","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fiber_Bragg_gratings?f_ri=2180","nofollow":true},{"id":202428,"name":"Respiration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Respiration?f_ri=2180"},{"id":341857,"name":"Vital Signs Monitoring","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vital_Signs_Monitoring?f_ri=2180"},{"id":562325,"name":"HeartBeat","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/HeartBeat?f_ri=2180"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_38796738" data-work_id="38796738" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/38796738/Design_and_Simulation_of_Fiber_to_the_Home_FTTH_Network_">Design and Simulation of Fiber to the Home (FTTH) Network</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">In this paper, we study and analysis Fiber To The Home network. This system will replace the ADSL technology in providing Internet to home users. We discuss the line coding techniques in optical digital communication system.We simulate... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_38796738" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">In this paper, we study and analysis Fiber To The Home network. This system will replace the ADSL technology in providing Internet to home users. We discuss the line coding techniques in optical digital communication system.We simulate the FTTH and compare between line codes to choose the suitable line code for the Jordanian FTTH.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/38796738" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="d7370839a702854ee2513bc8106592ea" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":58887450,"asset_id":38796738,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/58887450/download_file?st=MTc0MDUwNTMwOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="2902340" href="https://ijcsmc.academia.edu/IJCSMCJournal">IJCSMC Journal</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="2902340" type="text/json">{"id":2902340,"first_name":"IJCSMC","last_name":"Journal","domain_name":"ijcsmc","page_name":"IJCSMCJournal","display_name":"IJCSMC Journal","profile_url":"https://ijcsmc.academia.edu/IJCSMCJournal?f_ri=2180","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2902340/955759/1197349/s65_ijcsmc.journal.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_38796738 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="38796738"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 38796738, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_38796738", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=38796738]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_38796738").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_38796738").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="38796738"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">11</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="422" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Science">Computer Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="422" type="text/json">{"id":422,"name":"Computer Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Science?f_ri=2180","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="491" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Information_Technology">Information Technology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="491" type="text/json">{"id":491,"name":"Information Technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Information_Technology?f_ri=2180","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="923" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Technology">Technology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="923" type="text/json">{"id":923,"name":"Technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Technology?f_ri=2180","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1380" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Engineering">Computer Engineering</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="1380" type="text/json">{"id":1380,"name":"Computer Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Engineering?f_ri=2180","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=38796738]'), work: {"id":38796738,"title":"Design and Simulation of Fiber to the Home (FTTH) Network","created_at":"2019-04-13T07:26:15.193-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/38796738/Design_and_Simulation_of_Fiber_to_the_Home_FTTH_Network_?f_ri=2180","dom_id":"work_38796738","summary":"In this paper, we study and analysis Fiber To The Home network. This system will replace the ADSL technology in providing Internet to home users. We discuss the line coding techniques in optical digital communication system.We simulate the FTTH and compare between line codes to choose the suitable line code for the Jordanian FTTH.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":58887450,"asset_id":38796738,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":2902340,"first_name":"IJCSMC","last_name":"Journal","domain_name":"ijcsmc","page_name":"IJCSMCJournal","display_name":"IJCSMC Journal","profile_url":"https://ijcsmc.academia.edu/IJCSMCJournal?f_ri=2180","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2902340/955759/1197349/s65_ijcsmc.journal.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":422,"name":"Computer Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Science?f_ri=2180","nofollow":true},{"id":491,"name":"Information Technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Information_Technology?f_ri=2180","nofollow":true},{"id":923,"name":"Technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Technology?f_ri=2180","nofollow":true},{"id":1380,"name":"Computer Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Engineering?f_ri=2180","nofollow":true},{"id":2180,"name":"Optical Fiber Communications","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optical_Fiber_Communications?f_ri=2180"},{"id":4252,"name":"Computer Networks","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Networks?f_ri=2180"},{"id":9136,"name":"Wireless Sensor Networks","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wireless_Sensor_Networks?f_ri=2180"},{"id":11820,"name":"Modeling and Simulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Modeling_and_Simulation?f_ri=2180"},{"id":13569,"name":"Optical Networks","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optical_Networks?f_ri=2180"},{"id":163300,"name":"FTTH","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/FTTH?f_ri=2180"},{"id":1508074,"name":"Fiber to The Home (FTTH)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fiber_to_The_Home_FTTH_?f_ri=2180"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_32561720" data-work_id="32561720" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/32561720/SCADA_Menggunakan_Sistem_Komunikasi_Serat_Optik_Untuk_Monitoring_dan_Pengendalian_Level_Tangki">SCADA Menggunakan Sistem Komunikasi Serat Optik Untuk Monitoring dan Pengendalian Level Tangki</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Penerapan sistem komunikasi digital untuk monitoring dan pengendalian jarak jauh akan terus berkembang dan semakin banyak diterapkan, karena sistem ini sangat memudahkan operator dalam memantau dan mengontrol plant pada kondisi jarak yang... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_32561720" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Penerapan sistem komunikasi digital untuk monitoring dan pengendalian jarak jauh akan terus berkembang dan semakin banyak diterapkan, karena sistem ini sangat memudahkan operator dalam memantau dan mengontrol plant pada kondisi jarak yang jauh atau pada keadaan cuaca atau lingkungan yang kurang aman. Fiber optik adalah salah satu media transmisi yang dapat menyalurkan informasi dengan kapasitas besar dengan kehandalan keamanan yang tinggi. Makalah ini akan membahas tentang pemantaun dan pengontrolan level tangki jarak jauh dengan sistem SCADA. Hasil utama dari sistem yang diusulkan ini meliputi pengukuran optical power yang diterima pada detektor, menghitung signal to noise ratio pada penerima optik, dan mencari nilai BER. Pekerjaan ini meliputi penggunaan serat optik dengan sepuluh sambungan, yang masing-masing memiliki panjang 2 km.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/32561720" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="2a3da82b0751871dd7f01f0bb36fa3fd" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":52741268,"asset_id":32561720,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/52741268/download_file?st=MTc0MDUwNTMwOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="27034434" href="https://mercubuana.academia.edu/IwanKrisnadi">Iwan Krisnadi</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="27034434" type="text/json">{"id":27034434,"first_name":"Iwan","last_name":"Krisnadi","domain_name":"mercubuana","page_name":"IwanKrisnadi","display_name":"Iwan Krisnadi","profile_url":"https://mercubuana.academia.edu/IwanKrisnadi?f_ri=2180","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/27034434/7605213/8536128/s65_iwan.krisnadi.jpg_oh_9ea519cf9279e2443e55026ace37b176_oe_558254ab___gda___1434509100_b6ae181b2e5e840c25d516202351ebe5"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_32561720 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="32561720"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 32561720, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_32561720", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_32561720 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 32561720; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_32561720"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_32561720 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="32561720"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 32561720; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=32561720]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_32561720").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_32561720").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="32561720"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">2</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2180" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optical_Fiber_Communications">Optical Fiber Communications</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2180" type="text/json">{"id":2180,"name":"Optical Fiber Communications","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optical_Fiber_Communications?f_ri=2180","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="199291" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Power_System_-_SCADA_and_Smart_Grid_Applications">Power System - SCADA and Smart Grid Applications</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="199291" type="text/json">{"id":199291,"name":"Power System - SCADA and Smart Grid Applications","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Power_System_-_SCADA_and_Smart_Grid_Applications?f_ri=2180","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=32561720]'), work: {"id":32561720,"title":"SCADA Menggunakan Sistem Komunikasi Serat Optik Untuk Monitoring dan Pengendalian Level Tangki","created_at":"2017-04-21T06:25:41.272-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/32561720/SCADA_Menggunakan_Sistem_Komunikasi_Serat_Optik_Untuk_Monitoring_dan_Pengendalian_Level_Tangki?f_ri=2180","dom_id":"work_32561720","summary":"Penerapan sistem komunikasi digital untuk monitoring dan pengendalian jarak jauh akan terus berkembang dan semakin banyak diterapkan, karena sistem ini sangat memudahkan operator dalam memantau dan mengontrol plant pada kondisi jarak yang jauh atau pada keadaan cuaca atau lingkungan yang kurang aman. Fiber optik adalah salah satu media transmisi yang dapat menyalurkan informasi dengan kapasitas besar dengan kehandalan keamanan yang tinggi. Makalah ini akan membahas tentang pemantaun dan pengontrolan level tangki jarak jauh dengan sistem SCADA. Hasil utama dari sistem yang diusulkan ini meliputi pengukuran optical power yang diterima pada detektor, menghitung signal to noise ratio pada penerima optik, dan mencari nilai BER. Pekerjaan ini meliputi penggunaan serat optik dengan sepuluh sambungan, yang masing-masing memiliki panjang 2 km.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":52741268,"asset_id":32561720,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":27034434,"first_name":"Iwan","last_name":"Krisnadi","domain_name":"mercubuana","page_name":"IwanKrisnadi","display_name":"Iwan Krisnadi","profile_url":"https://mercubuana.academia.edu/IwanKrisnadi?f_ri=2180","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/27034434/7605213/8536128/s65_iwan.krisnadi.jpg_oh_9ea519cf9279e2443e55026ace37b176_oe_558254ab___gda___1434509100_b6ae181b2e5e840c25d516202351ebe5"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2180,"name":"Optical Fiber Communications","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optical_Fiber_Communications?f_ri=2180","nofollow":true},{"id":199291,"name":"Power System - SCADA and Smart Grid Applications","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Power_System_-_SCADA_and_Smart_Grid_Applications?f_ri=2180","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_45626325" data-work_id="45626325" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/45626325/Design_and_Implementation_of_200_G_Passive_Optical_Network">Design and Implementation of 200 G Passive Optical Network</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">New age uninvolved optical organization targets giving in excess of 100 Gb/s capacity. Because of late advancement empowering an assortment of optical handsets up to 40 Gb/s, numerous development prospects to 200 G PONs (passive optical... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_45626325" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">New age uninvolved optical organization targets giving in excess of 100 Gb/s capacity. Because of late advancement empowering an assortment of optical handsets up to 40 Gb/s, numerous development prospects to 200 G PONs (passive optical network) could be researched. This work proposes two straightforwardly deployable instances of development to 200 G PON dependent on the mix of these improved optical handsets and WDM (wavelength division multiplexing). The actual layer of the optical communication has been reenacted with OptiSystem software to show the correspondence joins exhibitions conduct when considering key segments boundaries to accomplish a great communication plan for a given territory. The unpredictability of the proposed structures and monetary cost examinations are moreover examined. Furthermore, it has been studying the effects of changing bandwidth on the selected channels with respect to the Min Bit Error Rate (BER) parameter.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/45626325" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="efce4a59eb2158353307441a3b8145e0" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":66117082,"asset_id":45626325,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/66117082/download_file?st=MTc0MDUwNTMwOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="81873662" href="https://kemerburgaz.academia.edu/NoraldenBasil">Noralden Basil</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="81873662" type="text/json">{"id":81873662,"first_name":"Noralden","last_name":"Basil","domain_name":"kemerburgaz","page_name":"NoraldenBasil","display_name":"Noralden Basil","profile_url":"https://kemerburgaz.academia.edu/NoraldenBasil?f_ri=2180","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/81873662/24160301/23119775/s65_noralden.basil.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_45626325 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="45626325"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 45626325, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_45626325", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_45626325 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 45626325; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_45626325"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_45626325 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="45626325"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 45626325; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=45626325]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_45626325").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_45626325").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="45626325"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i></div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl6x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2180" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optical_Fiber_Communications">Optical Fiber Communications</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="2180" type="text/json">{"id":2180,"name":"Optical Fiber Communications","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optical_Fiber_Communications?f_ri=2180","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (false) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=45626325]'), work: {"id":45626325,"title":"Design and Implementation of 200 G Passive Optical Network","created_at":"2021-03-27T12:40:59.980-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/45626325/Design_and_Implementation_of_200_G_Passive_Optical_Network?f_ri=2180","dom_id":"work_45626325","summary":"New age uninvolved optical organization targets giving in excess of 100 Gb/s capacity. Because of late advancement empowering an assortment of optical handsets up to 40 Gb/s, numerous development prospects to 200 G PONs (passive optical network) could be researched. This work proposes two straightforwardly deployable instances of development to 200 G PON dependent on the mix of these improved optical handsets and WDM (wavelength division multiplexing). The actual layer of the optical communication has been reenacted with OptiSystem software to show the correspondence joins exhibitions conduct when considering key segments boundaries to accomplish a great communication plan for a given territory. The unpredictability of the proposed structures and monetary cost examinations are moreover examined. 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