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thick plates</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: moderately thick plates"> <meta name="keywords" content="moderately thick plates"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="moderately thick plates"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 1136</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: moderately thick plates</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1136</span> Euler-Bernoulli鈥檚 Approach for Buckling Analysis of Thick Rectangular Plates Using Alternative I Refined Theory</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Owus%20Mathias%20Ibearugbulem">Owus Mathias Ibearugbulem</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The study presents Euler-Bernoulli鈥檚 approach for buckling analysis of thick rectangular plates using alternative I refined theory. No earlier study, to the best knowledge of the author, based on the literature available to this research, applied Euler-Bernoulli鈥檚 approach in the alternative I refined theory for buckling analysis of thick rectangular plates. In this study, basic kinematics and constitutive relations for thick rectangular plates are employed in the differential equations of equilibrium of stresses in a deformable elemental body to obtain alternative I governing differential equations of thick rectangular plates and the corresponding compatibility equations. Solving these equations resulted in a general deflection function of a thick rectangular plate. Using this function and satisfying the boundary conditions of three plates, their peculiar deflection functions are obtained. Going further, the study determined the non-dimensional critical buckling loads of the six plates. Values of the non-dimensional critical buckling load from the present study are compared with those from a three-dimensional buckling analysis of a thick plate. The highest percentage difference recorded for the plates: all edges simply supported (ssss), all edges clamped (cccc) and adjacent edges clamped with the other edges simply supported (ccss) are 3.31%, 5.57% and 3.38% respectively. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Euler-Bernoulli" title="Euler-Bernoulli">Euler-Bernoulli</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=buckling" title=" buckling"> buckling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=alternative%20I" title=" alternative I"> alternative I</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=kinematics" title=" kinematics"> kinematics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=constitutive%20relation" title=" constitutive relation"> constitutive relation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=governing%20differential%20equation" title=" governing differential equation"> governing differential equation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=compatibility%20equation" title=" compatibility equation"> compatibility equation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thick%20plate" title=" thick plate"> thick plate</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/188996/euler-bernoullis-approach-for-buckling-analysis-of-thick-rectangular-plates-using-alternative-i-refined-theory" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/188996.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">30</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1135</span> A Superposition Method in Analyses of Clamped Thick Plates</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alexander%20Matrosov">Alexander Matrosov</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Guriy%20Shirunov"> Guriy Shirunov</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A superposition method based on Lame's idea is used to get a general analytical solution to analyze a stress and strain state of a rectangular isotropjc elastic thick plate. The solution is built by using three solutions of the method of initial functions in the form of double trigonometric series. The results of bending of a thick plate under normal stress on its top face with two opposite sides clamped while others free of load are presented and compared with FEM modelling. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=general%20solution" title="general solution">general solution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=method%20of%20initial%20functions" title=" method of initial functions"> method of initial functions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=superposition%20method" title=" superposition method"> superposition method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thick%20isotropic%20plates" title=" thick isotropic plates "> thick isotropic plates </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23971/a-superposition-method-in-analyses-of-clamped-thick-plates" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23971.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">598</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1134</span> Dynamic Analysis of a Moderately Thick Plate on Pasternak Type Foundation under Impact and Moving Loads</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Neslihan%20Genckal">Neslihan Genckal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Reha%20Gursoy"> Reha Gursoy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vedat%20Z.%20Dogan"> Vedat Z. Dogan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, dynamic responses of composite plates on elastic foundations subjected to impact and moving loads are investigated. The first order shear deformation (FSDT) theory is used for moderately thick plates. Pasternak-type (two-parameter) elastic foundation is assumed. Elastic foundation effects are integrated into the governing equations. It is assumed that plate is first hit by a mass as an impact type loading then the mass continues to move on the composite plate as a distributed moving loading, which resembles the aircraft landing on airport pavements. Impact and moving loadings are modeled by a mass-spring-damper system with a wheel. The wheel is assumed to be continuously in contact with the plate after impact. The governing partial differential equations of motion for displacements are converted into the ordinary differential equations in the time domain by using Galerkin’s method. Then, these sets of equations are solved by using the Runge-Kutta method. Several parameters such as vertical and horizontal velocities of the aircraft, volume fractions of the steel rebar in the reinforced concrete layer, and the different touchdown locations of the aircraft tire on the runway are considered in the numerical simulation. The results are compared with those of the ABAQUS, which is a commercial finite element code. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=elastic%20foundation" title="elastic foundation">elastic foundation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=impact" title=" impact"> impact</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=moving%20load" title=" moving load"> moving load</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thick%20plate" title=" thick plate"> thick plate</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/51046/dynamic-analysis-of-a-moderately-thick-plate-on-pasternak-type-foundation-under-impact-and-moving-loads" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/51046.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">313</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1133</span> Approaches to Vibration Analysis of Thick Plates Subjected to Different Supports, Loadings and Boundary Conditions: A Literature Review</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fazl%20E.%20Ahad">Fazl E. Ahad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shi%20Dongyan"> Shi Dongyan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anees%20Ur%20Rehman"> Anees Ur Rehman</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Plates are one of the most important structural components used in many industries like aerospace, marine and various other engineering fields and thus motivate designers and engineers to study the vibrational characteristics of these structures. This paper is a review of existing literature on vibration analysis of plates. Focus has been kept on prominent studies related to isotropic plates based on Mindlin plate theory; however few citations on orthotropic plates and higher order shear deformation theories have also been included. All citations are in English language. This review is aimed to provide contemporarily relevant survey of papers on vibrational characteristics of thick plates and will be useful for scientists, designers and researchers to locate important and relevant literature/research quickly. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mindlin%20plates" title="mindlin plates">mindlin plates</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vibrations" title=" vibrations"> vibrations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=arbitrary%20boundary%20conditions" title=" arbitrary boundary conditions"> arbitrary boundary conditions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mode%20shapes" title=" mode shapes"> mode shapes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=natural%20frequency" title=" natural frequency"> natural frequency</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33468/approaches-to-vibration-analysis-of-thick-plates-subjected-to-different-supports-loadings-and-boundary-conditions-a-literature-review" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33468.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">326</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1132</span> An Analytical Method for Bending Rectangular Plates with All Edges Clamped Supported</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yang%20Zhong">Yang Zhong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Heng%20Liu"> Heng Liu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The decoupling method and the modified Naiver method are combined for accurate bending analysis of rectangular thick plates with all edges clamped supported. The basic governing equations for Mindlin plates are first decoupled into independent partial differential equations which can be solved separately. Using modified Navier method, the analytic solution of rectangular thick plate with all edges clamped supported is then derived. The solution method used in this paper leave out the complicated derivation for calculating coefficients and obtain the solution to problems directly. Numerical comparisons show the correctness and accuracy of the results at last. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mindlin%20plates" title="Mindlin plates">Mindlin plates</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=decoupling%20method" title=" decoupling method"> decoupling method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=modified%20Navier%20method" title=" modified Navier method"> modified Navier method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bending%20rectangular%20plates" title=" bending rectangular plates"> bending rectangular plates</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22011/an-analytical-method-for-bending-rectangular-plates-with-all-edges-clamped-supported" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22011.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">600</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1131</span> Exact Vibration Analysis of a Rectangular Nano-Plate Using Nonlocal Modified Sinusoidal Shear Deformation Theory</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Korosh%20Khorshidi">Korosh Khorshidi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Khodadadi"> Mohammad Khodadadi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, exact close form solution for out of plate free flexural vibration of moderately thick rectangular nanoplates are presented based on nonlocal modified trigonometric shear deformation theory, with assumptions of the Levy's type boundary conditions, for the first time. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of small-scale parameters on the frequency parameters of the moderately thick rectangular nano-plates. To describe the effects of small-scale parameters on vibrations of rectangular nanoplates, the Eringen theory is used. The Levy's type boundary conditions are combination of six different boundary conditions; specifically, two opposite edges are simply supported and any of the other two edges can be simply supported, clamped or free. Governing equations of motion and boundary conditions of the plate are derived by using the Hamilton鈥檚 principle. The present analytical solution can be obtained with any required accuracy and can be used as benchmark. Numerical results are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method compared to other methods reported in the literature. Finally, the effect of boundary conditions, aspect ratios, small scale parameter and thickness ratios on nondimensional natural frequency parameters and frequency ratios are examined and discussed in detail. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=exact%20solution" title="exact solution">exact solution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nonlocal%20modified%20sinusoidal%20shear%20deformation%20theory" title=" nonlocal modified sinusoidal shear deformation theory"> nonlocal modified sinusoidal shear deformation theory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=out%20of%20plane%20vibration" title=" out of plane vibration"> out of plane vibration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=moderately%20thick%20rectangular%20plate" title=" moderately thick rectangular plate"> moderately thick rectangular plate</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36318/exact-vibration-analysis-of-a-rectangular-nano-plate-using-nonlocal-modified-sinusoidal-shear-deformation-theory" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36318.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">387</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1130</span> Thermal Postbuckling of First Order Shear Deformable Functionally Graded Plates</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Merbouha%20Barka">Merbouha Barka</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20H.%20Benrahou"> K. H. Benrahou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Fakrar"> A. Fakrar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Tounsi"> A. Tounsi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20A.%20Adda%20Bedia"> E. A. Adda Bedia</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents an analytical investigation on the buckling and postbuckling behaviors of thick functionally graded plates subjected to thermal load .Material properties are assumed to be temperature dependent, and graded in the thickness direction according to a simple power law distribution in terms of the volume fractions of constituents. The formulations are based on first order shear deformation plate theory taking into account Von Karman nonlinearity and initial geometrical imperfection. By applying Galerkin method, closed-form relations of postbuckling equilibrium paths for simply supported plates are determined. Analysis is carried out to show the effects of material and geometrical properties, in-plane boundary restraint, and imperfection on the buckling and postbuckling loading capacity of the plates. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=functionally%20graded%20materials" title="functionally graded materials">functionally graded materials</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=postbuckling" title=" postbuckling"> postbuckling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=first%20order%20shear%20deformation%20theory" title=" first order shear deformation theory"> first order shear deformation theory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=imperfection" title=" imperfection"> imperfection</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36581/thermal-postbuckling-of-first-order-shear-deformable-functionally-graded-plates" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36581.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">312</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1129</span> Solution for Thick Plate Resting on Winkler Foundation by Symplectic Geometry Method</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mei-Jie%20Xu">Mei-Jie Xu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yang%20Zhong"> Yang Zhong</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Based on the symplectic geometry method, the theory of Hamilton system can be applied in the analysis of problem solved using the theory of elasticity and in the solution of elliptic partial differential equations. With this technique, this paper derives the theoretical solution for a thick rectangular plate with four free edges supported on a Winkler foundation by variable separation method. In this method, the governing equation of thick plate was first transformed into state equations in the Hamilton space. The theoretical solution of this problem was next obtained by applying the method of variable separation based on the Hamilton system. Compared with traditional theoretical solutions for rectangular plates, this method has the advantage of not having to assume the form of deflection functions in the solution process. Numerical examples are presented to verify the validity of the proposed solution method. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=symplectic%20geometry%20method" title="symplectic geometry method">symplectic geometry method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Winkler%20foundation" title=" Winkler foundation"> Winkler foundation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thick%20rectangular%20plate" title=" thick rectangular plate"> thick rectangular plate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=variable%20separation%20method" title=" variable separation method"> variable separation method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hamilton%20system" title=" Hamilton system "> Hamilton system </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6000/solution-for-thick-plate-resting-on-winkler-foundation-by-symplectic-geometry-method" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6000.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">305</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1128</span> Behavior of Laminated Plates under Mechanical Loading</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mahmoudi%20Noureddine">Mahmoudi Noureddine</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study the use of two variable refined plate theories of laminated composite plates to static response of laminated plates. The plate theory accounts for parabolic distribution of the transverse shear strains, and satisfies the zero traction boundary conditions on the surfaces of the plate without using shear correction factor. The validity of the present theory is demonstrated by comparison with solutions available in the literature and finite element method. The result is presented for the static response of simply supported rectangular plates under uniform sinusoidal mechanical loadings. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bending" title="bending">bending</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=composite" title=" composite"> composite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=laminate" title=" laminate"> laminate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plates" title=" plates"> plates</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fem" title=" fem"> fem</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30849/behavior-of-laminated-plates-under-mechanical-loading" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30849.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">406</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1127</span> Buckling Analysis of Laminated Composite Plates with Central Holes</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pratyasha%20Patnaik">Pratyasha Patnaik</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20V.%20Asha"> A. V. Asha</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Laminated composite plates are made up of plates consisting of layers bonded together and made up of materials chemically different from each other but combined macroscopically. These have an application in aircrafts, railway coaches, bridges etc. because they are easy to handle, have got improved properties and the cost of their fabrication is low. But their failure can lead to catastrophic disasters. And generally, the failure of these structures is due to the combined effect of excessive stresses on it and buckling. Hence, the buckling behavior of these kinds of plates should be analyzed properly. Holes are provided either at the center or elsewhere in the laminar plates for the purpose of pipes for electric cables or other purposes. Due to the presence of holes in the plates, the stress concentration is near to the holes and the stiffness of the plates is reduced. In this study, the effect of a cut-out, its shape, different boundary conditions, length/thickness ratio, stacking sequence, and ply orientation has been studied. The analysis was carried out with laminated composite plates with circular, square and triangular cut-outs. Results show the effect of different cut-out shapes, boundary conditions, the orientation of layers and length/thickness ratio of the buckling load <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=buckling" title="buckling">buckling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=composite%20plates" title=" composite plates"> composite plates</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cut-out" title=" cut-out"> cut-out</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stress" title=" stress "> stress </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47770/buckling-analysis-of-laminated-composite-plates-with-central-holes" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47770.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">330</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1126</span> Free Vibration Analysis of Timoshenko Beams at Higher Modes with Central Concentrated Mass Using Coupled Displacement Field Method</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Meera%20Saheb">K. Meera Saheb</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Krishna%20Bhaskar"> K. Krishna Bhaskar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Complex structures used in many fields of engineering are made up of simple structural elements like beams, plates etc. These structural elements, sometimes carry concentrated masses at discrete points, and when subjected to severe dynamic environment tend to vibrate with large amplitudes. The frequency amplitude relationship is very much essential in determining the response of these structural elements subjected to the dynamic loads. For Timoshenko beams, the effects of shear deformation and rotary inertia are to be considered to evaluate the fundamental linear and nonlinear frequencies. A commonly used method for solving vibration problem is energy method, or a finite element analogue of the same. In the present Coupled Displacement Field method the number of undetermined coefficients is reduced to half when compared to the famous Rayleigh Ritz method, which significantly simplifies the procedure to solve the vibration problem. This is accomplished by using a coupling equation derived from the static equilibrium of the shear flexible structural element. The prime objective of the present paper here is to study, in detail, the effect of a central concentrated mass on the large amplitude free vibrations of uniform shear flexible beams. Accurate closed form expressions for linear frequency parameter for uniform shear flexible beams with a central concentrated mass was developed and the results are presented in digital form. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coupled%20displacement%20field" title="coupled displacement field">coupled displacement field</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coupling%20equation" title=" coupling equation"> coupling equation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=large%20amplitude%20vibrations" title=" large amplitude vibrations"> large amplitude vibrations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=moderately%20thick%20plates" title=" moderately thick plates"> moderately thick plates</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/53108/free-vibration-analysis-of-timoshenko-beams-at-higher-modes-with-central-concentrated-mass-using-coupled-displacement-field-method" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/53108.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">226</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1125</span> Natural Convection between Two Parallel Wavy Plates</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Si%20Abdallah%20Mayouf">Si Abdallah Mayouf</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this work, the effects of the wavy surface on free convection heat transfer boundary layer flow between two parallel wavy plates have been studied numerically. The two plates are considered at a constant temperature. The equations and the boundary conditions are discretized by the finite difference scheme and solved numerically using the Gauss-Seidel algorithm. The important parameters in this problem are the amplitude of the wavy surfaces and the distance between the two wavy plates. Results are presented as velocity profiles, temperature profiles and local Nusselt number according to the important parameters. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=free%20convection" title="free convection">free convection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wavy%20surface" title=" wavy surface"> wavy surface</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=parallel%20plates" title=" parallel plates"> parallel plates</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fluid%20dynamics" title=" fluid dynamics"> fluid dynamics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8329/natural-convection-between-two-parallel-wavy-plates" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8329.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">307</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1124</span> Analytical and Numerical Results for Free Vibration of Laminated Composites Plates</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Amine%20Ben%20Henni">Mohamed Amine Ben Henni</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Taher%20Hassaine%20Daouadji"> Taher Hassaine Daouadji</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Boussad%20Abbes"> Boussad Abbes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yu%20Ming%20Li"> Yu Ming Li</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fazilay%20Abbes"> Fazilay Abbes</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The reinforcement and repair of concrete structures by bonding composite materials have become relatively common operations. Different types of composite materials can be used: carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP), glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) as well as functionally graded material (FGM). The development of analytical and numerical models describing the mechanical behavior of structures in civil engineering reinforced by composite materials is necessary. These models will enable engineers to select, design, and size adequate reinforcements for the various types of damaged structures. This study focuses on the free vibration behavior of orthotropic laminated composite plates using a refined shear deformation theory. In these models, the distribution of transverse shear stresses is considered as parabolic satisfying the zero-shear stress condition on the top and bottom surfaces of the plates without using shear correction factors. In this analysis, the equation of motion for simply supported thick laminated rectangular plates is obtained by using the Hamilton’s principle. The accuracy of the developed model is demonstrated by comparing our results with solutions derived from other higher order models and with data found in the literature. Besides, a finite-element analysis is used to calculate the natural frequencies of laminated composite plates and is compared with those obtained by the analytical approach. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=composites%20materials" title="composites materials">composites materials</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=laminated%20composite%20plate" title=" laminated composite plate"> laminated composite plate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finite-element%20analysis" title=" finite-element analysis"> finite-element analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=free%20vibration" title=" free vibration"> free vibration</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/81223/analytical-and-numerical-results-for-free-vibration-of-laminated-composites-plates" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/81223.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">290</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1123</span> Aerodynamic Sound from a Sawtooth Plate with Different Thickness</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Siti%20Ruhliah%20Lizarose%20Samion">Siti Ruhliah Lizarose Samion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Sukri%20Mat%20Ali"> Mohamed Sukri Mat Ali</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The effect of sawtooth plate thickness on the aerodynamic noise generated in flow at a Reynolds number of 150 is numerically investigated. Two types of plate thickness (hthick=0.2D and hthin=0.02D) are proposed. Flow simulations are carried out using Direct Numerical Simulation, whereas the calculation of aerodynamic noise radiated from the flow is solved using Curle鈥檚 equation. It is found that the flow behavior of thin sawtooth plate, consisting counter-rotating-vortices, is more complex than that of the thick plate. This then explains well the generated sound in both plates cases. Sound generated from thin plat is approximately 0.5 dB lower than the thick plate. Findings from current study provide better understanding of the flow and noise behavior in edge serrations via understanding the case of a sawtooth plate. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aerodynamic%20sound" title="aerodynamic sound">aerodynamic sound</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bluff%20body" title=" bluff body"> bluff body</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sawtooth%20plate" title=" sawtooth plate"> sawtooth plate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Curle%20analogy" title=" Curle analogy"> Curle analogy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62349/aerodynamic-sound-from-a-sawtooth-plate-with-different-thickness" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62349.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">436</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1122</span> Analysis of Plates with Varying Rigidities Using Finite Element Method</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Karan%20Modi">Karan Modi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rajesh%20Kumar"> Rajesh Kumar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jyoti%20Katiyar"> Jyoti Katiyar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shreya%20Thusoo"> Shreya Thusoo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents Finite Element Method (FEM) for analyzing the internal responses generated in thin rectangular plates with various edge conditions and rigidity conditions. Comparison has been made between the FEM (ANSYS software) results for displacement, stresses and moments generated with and without the consideration of hole in plate and different aspect ratios. In the end comparison for responses in plain and composite square plates has been studied. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ANSYS" title="ANSYS">ANSYS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finite%20element%20method" title=" finite element method"> finite element method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plates" title=" plates"> plates</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=static%20analysis" title=" static analysis"> static analysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24473/analysis-of-plates-with-varying-rigidities-using-finite-element-method" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24473.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">453</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1121</span> Failure Mechanism of Slip-Critical Connections on Curved Surface</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bae%20Doobyong">Bae Doobyong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yoo%20Jaejun"> Yoo Jaejun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Park%20Ilgyu"> Park Ilgyu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Choi%20Seowon"> Choi Seowon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Oh%20Chang%20Kook"> Oh Chang Kook</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Variation of slip coefficient in slip-critical connections of curved plates. This paper presents the results of analytical investigations of slip coefficients in slip-critical bolted connections of curved plates. It may depend on the contact stress distribution at interface and the flexibility of spliced plate. Non-linear FEM analyses have been made to simulate the behavior of bolted connections of curved plates with various radiuses of curvature and thicknesses. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=slip%20coefficient" title="slip coefficient">slip coefficient</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=curved%20plates" title=" curved plates"> curved plates</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=slip-critical%20bolted%20connection" title=" slip-critical bolted connection"> slip-critical bolted connection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=radius%20of%20curvature" title=" radius of curvature"> radius of curvature</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45974/failure-mechanism-of-slip-critical-connections-on-curved-surface" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45974.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">517</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1120</span> Thick Disc Molecular Gas Fraction in NGC 6946</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Narendra%20Nath%20Patra">Narendra Nath Patra</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Several recent studies reinforce the existence of a thick molecular disc in galaxies along with the dynamically cold thin disc. Assuming a two-component molecular disc, we model the disc of NGC 6946 as a four-component system consists of stars, HI, thin disc molecular gas, and thick disc molecular gas in vertical hydrostatic equilibrium. Following, we set up the joint Poisson-Boltzmann equation of hydrostatic equilibrium and solve it numerically to obtain a three-dimensional density distribution of different baryonic components. Using the density solutions and the observed rotation curve, we further build a three-dimensional dynamical model of the molecular disc and consecutively produce simulated CO spectral cube and spectral width profile. We find that the simulated spectral width profiles distinguishably differs for different assumed thick disc molecular gas fraction. Several CO spectral width profiles are then produced for different assumed thick disc molecular gas fractions and compared with the observed one to obtain the best fit thick disc molecular gas fraction profile. We find that the thick disc molecular gas fraction in NGC 6946 largely remains constant across its molecular disc with a mean value of 0.70 +/- 0.09. We also estimate the amount of extra-planar molecular gas in NGC 6946. We find 60% of the total molecular gas is extra-planar at the central region, whereas this fraction reduces to ~ 35% at the edge of the molecular disc. With our method, for the first time, we estimate the thick disc molecular gas fraction as a function of radius in an external galaxy with sub-kpc resolution. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=galaxies%3A%20kinematics%20and%20dynamic" title="galaxies: kinematics and dynamic">galaxies: kinematics and dynamic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=galaxies%3A%20spiral" title=" galaxies: spiral"> galaxies: spiral</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=galaxies%3A%20structure" title=" galaxies: structure "> galaxies: structure </a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ISM%3A%20molecules" title=" ISM: molecules"> ISM: molecules</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=molecular%20data" title=" molecular data"> molecular data</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/123278/thick-disc-molecular-gas-fraction-in-ngc-6946" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/123278.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">144</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1119</span> Study on Buckling and Yielding Behaviors of Low Yield Point Steel Plates</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=David%20Boyajian">David Boyajian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tadeh%20Zirakian"> Tadeh Zirakian</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Stability and performance of steel plates are characterized by geometrical buckling and material yielding. In this paper, the geometrical buckling and material yielding behaviors of low yield point (LYP) steel plates are studied from the point of view of their application in steel plate shear wall (SPSW) systems. Use of LYP steel facilitates the design and application of web plates with improved buckling and energy absorption capacities in SPSW systems. LYP steel infill plates may yield first and then undergo inelastic buckling. Hence, accurate determination of the limiting plate thickness corresponding to simultaneous buckling and yielding can be effective in seismic design of such lateral force-resisting and energy dissipating systems. The limiting thicknesses of plates with different loading and support conditions are determined theoretically and verified through detailed numerical simulations. Effects of use of LYP steel and plate aspect ratio parameter on the limiting plate thickness are investigated as well. In addition, detailed studies are performed on determination of the limiting web-plate thickness in code-designed SPSWs. Some practical recommendations are accordingly provided for efficient seismic design of SPSW systems with LYP steel infill plates. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=buckling" title="buckling">buckling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=low%20yield%20point%20steel" title=" low yield point steel"> low yield point steel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plates" title=" plates"> plates</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=steel%20plate%20shear%20walls" title=" steel plate shear walls"> steel plate shear walls</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=yielding" title=" yielding"> yielding</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50611/study-on-buckling-and-yielding-behaviors-of-low-yield-point-steel-plates" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50611.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">401</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1118</span> Large Strain Creep Analysis of Composite Thick-Walled Anisotropic Cylinders</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vinod%20Kumar%20Arya">Vinod Kumar Arya</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Creep analysis of a thick-walled composite anisotropic cylinder under internal pressure and considering large strains is presented. Using a threshold creep law for composite materials, expressions for stresses, strains, and strain rates are derived for several anisotropic cases. Numerical results, presented through several graphs and tables, depict the effect of anisotropy on the stress, strain, and strain rate distributions. Since for a specific type of material anisotropy described in the paper, these quantities are found to have the lowest values at the inner radius (the potential location of cylinder failure), it is concluded that by employing such an anisotropic material for the design of a thick-walled cylinder a longer service life for the cylinder may be achieved. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=creep" title="creep">creep</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=composites" title=" composites"> composites</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=large%20strains" title=" large strains"> large strains</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thick-walled%20cylinders" title=" thick-walled cylinders"> thick-walled cylinders</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anisotropy" title=" anisotropy"> anisotropy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/165479/large-strain-creep-analysis-of-composite-thick-walled-anisotropic-cylinders" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/165479.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">149</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1117</span> A Closed-Form Solution and Comparison for a One-Dimensional Orthorhombic Quasicrystal and Crystal Plate</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arpit%20Bhardwaj">Arpit Bhardwaj</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Koushik%20Roy"> Koushik Roy</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The work includes derivation of the exact-closed form solution for simply supported quasicrystal and crystal plates by using propagator matrix method under surface loading and free vibration. As a numerical example a quasicrystal and a crystal plate are considered, and after investigation, the variation of displacement and stress 铿乪lds along the thickness of these two plates are presented. Further, it includes analyzing the displacement and stress 铿乪lds for two plates having two different stacking arrangement, i.e., QuasiCrystal/Crystal/QuasiCrystal and Crystal/QuasiCrystal/Crystal and comparing their results. This will not only tell us the change in the behavior of displacement and stress 铿乪lds in two different materials but also how these get changed after trying their different combinations. For the free vibration case, Crystal and Quasicrystal plates along with their different stacking arrangements are considered, and displacements are plotted in all directions for different Mode Shapes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=free%20vibration" title="free vibration">free vibration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multilayered%20plates" title=" multilayered plates"> multilayered plates</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surface%20loading" title=" surface loading"> surface loading</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quasicrystals" title=" quasicrystals"> quasicrystals</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84780/a-closed-form-solution-and-comparison-for-a-one-dimensional-orthorhombic-quasicrystal-and-crystal-plate" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84780.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">147</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1116</span> Dynamics of Understanding Earthquake Precursors-A Review</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sarada%20Nivedita%20Bhuyan">Sarada Nivedita Bhuyan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Earthquake is the sudden, rapid movement of the earth鈥檚 crust and is the natural means of releasing stress. Tectonic plates play a major role for earthquakes as tectonic plates are the crust of the planet. The boundary lines of tectonic plates are usually known as fault lines. To understand an earthquake before its occurrence, different types of earthquake precursors are studied by different researchers. Surface temperature, strange cloud cover, earth鈥檚 electric field, geomagnetic phenomena, ground water level, active faults, ionospheric anomalies, tectonic movements are taken as parameters for earthquake study by different researchers. In this paper we tried to gather complete and helpful information of earthquake precursors which have been studied until now. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=earthquake%20precursors" title="earthquake precursors">earthquake precursors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=earthquake" title=" earthquake"> earthquake</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tectonic%20plates" title=" tectonic plates"> tectonic plates</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fault" title=" fault"> fault</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37407/dynamics-of-understanding-earthquake-precursors-a-review" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37407.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">380</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1115</span> Buckling Behavior of FGM Plates Using a Simplified Shear Deformation Theory</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mokhtar%20Bouazza">Mokhtar Bouazza</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, the simplified theory will be used to predict the thermoelastic buckling behavior of rectangular functionally graded plates. The material properties of the functionally graded plates are assumed to vary continuously through the thickness, according to a simple power law distribution of the volume fraction of the constituents. The simplified theory is used to obtain the buckling of the plate under different types of thermal loads. The thermal loads are assumed to be uniform, linear, and non-linear distribution through the thickness. Additional numerical results are presented for FGM plates that show the effects of various parameters on thermal buckling response. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=buckling" title="buckling">buckling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=functionally%20graded" title=" functionally graded"> functionally graded</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plate" title=" plate"> plate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=simplified%20higher-order%20deformation%20theory" title=" simplified higher-order deformation theory"> simplified higher-order deformation theory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermal%20loading" title=" thermal loading"> thermal loading</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24270/buckling-behavior-of-fgm-plates-using-a-simplified-shear-deformation-theory" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24270.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">383</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1114</span> Laser Welding Technique Effect for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Application</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chih-Chia%20Lin">Chih-Chia Lin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ching-Ying%20Huang"> Ching-Ying Huang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cheng-Hong%20Liu"> Cheng-Hong Liu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wen-Lin%20Wang"> Wen-Lin Wang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A complete fuel cell stack comprises several single cells with end plates, bipolar plates, gaskets and membrane electrode assembly (MEA) components. Electrons generated from cells are conducted through bipolar plates. The amount of cells' components increases as the stack voltage increases, complicating the fuel cell assembly process and mass production. Stack assembly error influence cell performance. PEM fuel cell stack importing laser welding technique could eliminate transverse deformation between bipolar plates to promote stress uniformity of cell components as bipolar plates and MEA. Simultaneously, bipolar plates were melted together using laser welding to decrease interface resistance. A series of experiments as through-plan and in-plan resistance measurement test was conducted to observe the laser welding effect. The result showed that the through-plane resistance with laser welding was a drop of 97.5-97.6% when the contact pressure was about 1MPa to 3 MPa, and the in-plane resistance was not significantly different for laser welding. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PEM%20fuel%20cell" title="PEM fuel cell">PEM fuel cell</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=laser%20welding" title=" laser welding"> laser welding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=through-plan" title=" through-plan"> through-plan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=in-plan" title=" in-plan"> in-plan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=resistance" title=" resistance"> resistance</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/83737/laser-welding-technique-effect-for-proton-exchange-membrane-fuel-cell-application" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/83737.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">511</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1113</span> Body Armours in Amazonian Fish</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fernando%20G.%20Torres">Fernando G. Torres</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Donna%20M.%20Ebenstein"> Donna M. Ebenstein</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Monica%20Merino"> Monica Merino</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Most fish are covered by a protective external armour. The characteristics of these armours depend on the individual elements that form them, such as scales, scutes or dermal plates. In this work, we assess the properties of two different types of protective elements: scales from A. gigas and dermal plates from P. pardalis. A. Gigas and P. Pardalis are two Amazonian fish with a rather prehistoric aspect. They have large scales and dermal plates that form two different types of protective body armours. Although both scales and dermal plates are formed by collagen and hydroxyapatite, their structures display remarkable differences. The structure and composition of the samples were assessed by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). Morphology studies were carried out using a Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Nanoindentation tests were performed to measure the reduced moduli in A. gigas scales and P. pardalis plates. The similarities and differences between scales and dermal plates are discussed based on the experimental results. Both protective armours are designed to be lightweight, flexible and tough. A. Gigas scales are are light laminated composites, while P. pardalis dermal plates show a sandwich like structure with dense outer layers and a porous inner matrix. It seems that the armour of P. pardalis is more suited for a bottom-dwelling fish and allows for protection against predators. The scales from A. Gigas are more adapted to give protection to a swimming fish. The information obtained from these studies is also important for the development of bioinspired nanocomposites, with potential applications in the biomedical field. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pterygoplichthys%20pardalis" title="pterygoplichthys pardalis">pterygoplichthys pardalis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dermal%20plates%20arapaima%20gigas" title=" dermal plates arapaima gigas"> dermal plates arapaima gigas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fish%20scales" title=" fish scales"> fish scales</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29182/body-armours-in-amazonian-fish" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29182.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">391</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1112</span> Steady State Creep Behavior of Functionally Graded Thick Cylinder</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tejeet%20Singh">Tejeet Singh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Harmanjit%20Singh"> Harmanjit Singh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Creep behavior of thick-walled functionally graded cylinder consisting of AlSiC and subjected to internal pressure and high temperature has been analyzed. The functional relationship between strain rate with stress can be described by the well-known threshold stress based creep law with a stress exponent of five. The effect of imposing non-linear particle gradient on the distribution of creep stresses in the thick-walled functionally graded composite cylinder has been investigated. The study revealed that for the assumed non-linear particle distribution, the radial stress decreases throughout the cylinder, whereas the tangential, axial and effective stresses have averaging effect. The strain rates in the functionally graded composite cylinder could be reduced to significant extent by employing non-linear gradient in the distribution of reinforcement. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=functionally%20graded%20material" title="functionally graded material">functionally graded material</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pressure" title=" pressure"> pressure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=steady%20state%20creep" title=" steady state creep"> steady state creep</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thick-cylinder" title=" thick-cylinder"> thick-cylinder</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3831/steady-state-creep-behavior-of-functionally-graded-thick-cylinder" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3831.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">477</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1111</span> A Computational Diagnostics for Dielectric Barrier Discharge Plasma</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zainab%20D.%20Abd%20Ali">Zainab D. Abd Ali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thamir%20H.%20Khalaf"> Thamir H. Khalaf</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, the characteristics of electric discharge in gap between two (parallel-plate) dielectric plates are studies, the gap filled with Argon gas in atm pressure at ambient temperature, the thickness of gap typically less than 1 mm and dielectric may be up 10 cm in diameter. One of dielectric plates a sinusoidal voltage is applied with Rf frequency, the other plates is electrically grounded. The simulation in this work depending on Boltzmann equation solver in first few moments, fluid model and plasma chemistry, in one dimensional modeling. This modeling have insight into characteristics of Dielectric Barrier Discharge through studying properties of breakdown of gas, electric field, electric potential, and calculating electron density, mean electron energy, electron current density ,ion current density, total plasma current density. The investigation also include: 1. The influence of change in thickness of gap between two plates if we doubled or reduced gap to half. 2. The effect of thickness of dielectric plates. 3. The influence of change in type and properties of dielectric material (gass, silicon, Teflon). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=computational%20diagnostics" title="computational diagnostics">computational diagnostics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Boltzmann%20equation" title=" Boltzmann equation"> Boltzmann equation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electric%20discharge" title=" electric discharge"> electric discharge</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electron%20density" title=" electron density"> electron density</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12511/a-computational-diagnostics-for-dielectric-barrier-discharge-plasma" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12511.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">777</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1110</span> The Condition Testing of Damaged Plates Using Acoustic Features and Machine Learning</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kyle%20Saltmarsh">Kyle Saltmarsh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Acoustic testing possesses many benefits due to its non-destructive nature and practicality. There hence exists many scenarios in which using acoustic testing for condition testing shows powerful feasibility. A wealth of information is contained within the acoustic and vibration characteristics of structures, allowing the development meaningful features for the classification of their respective condition. In this paper, methods, results, and discussions are presented on the use of non-destructive acoustic testing coupled with acoustic feature extraction and machine learning techniques for the condition testing of manufactured circular steel plates subjected to varied levels of damage. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plates" title="plates">plates</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deformation" title=" deformation"> deformation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=acoustic%20features" title=" acoustic features"> acoustic features</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=machine%20learning" title=" machine learning"> machine learning</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/76911/the-condition-testing-of-damaged-plates-using-acoustic-features-and-machine-learning" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/76911.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">337</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1109</span> Structural Performance of Concrete Beams Reinforced with Steel Plates: Experimental Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mazin%20Mohammed%20S.%20Sarhan">Mazin Mohammed S. Sarhan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study presents the performance of concrete beams reinforced with steel plates as a technique of reinforcement. Three reinforced concrete beams with the dimensions of 200 mm x 300 mm x 4000 mm (width x height x length, respectively) were experimentally investigated under flexural loading. The deformed steel bars were used as the main reinforcement for the first beam. A steel plate placed horizontally was used as the main reinforcement for the second beam. The bond between the steel plate and the surrounding concrete was enhanced by using steel bolts (with a diameter of 20 mm and length of 100 mm) welded to the steel plate at a regular distance of 200 mm. A pair of steel plates placed vertically was used as the main reinforcement for the third beam. The bond between the pair steel plates and the surrounding concrete was enhanced by using 4 equal steel angles (with the dimensions of 75 mm x 75 mm and the thickness of 8 mm) for each vertical steel plate. Two steel angles were welded at each end of the steel plate. The outcomes revealed that the bending stiffness of the beams reinforced with steel plates was higher than that reinforced with deformed steel bars. Also, the flexural ductile behavior of the second beam was much higher than the rest beams. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=concrete%20beam" title="concrete beam">concrete beam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deflection" title=" deflection"> deflection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ductility" title=" ductility"> ductility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plate" title=" plate"> plate</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/114584/structural-performance-of-concrete-beams-reinforced-with-steel-plates-experimental-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/114584.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">160</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1108</span> Detecting Characters as Objects Towards Character Recognition on Licence Plates</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alden%20Boby">Alden Boby</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dane%20Brown"> Dane Brown</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=James%20Connan"> James Connan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Character recognition is a well-researched topic across disciplines. Regardless, creating a solution that can cater to multiple situations is still challenging. Vehicle licence plates lack an international standard, meaning that different countries and regions have their own licence plate format. A problem that arises from this is that the typefaces and designs from different regions make it difficult to create a solution that can cater to a wide range of licence plates. The main issue concerning detection is the character recognition stage. This paper aims to create an object detection-based character recognition model trained on a custom dataset that consists of typefaces of licence plates from various regions. Given that characters have featured consistently maintained across an array of fonts, YOLO can be trained to recognise characters based on these features, which may provide better performance than OCR methods such as Tesseract OCR. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=computer%20vision" title="computer vision">computer vision</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=character%20recognition" title=" character recognition"> character recognition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=licence%20plate%20recognition" title=" licence plate recognition"> licence plate recognition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=object%20detection" title=" object detection"> object detection</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/155443/detecting-characters-as-objects-towards-character-recognition-on-licence-plates" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/155443.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">121</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1107</span> Estimation of Residual Stresses in Thick Walled Cylinder by Radial Basis Artificial Neural </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Heidari">Mohammad Heidari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper a method for high strength steel is proposed of residual stresses in autofrettaged tubes by combination of artificial neural networks is presented. Many different thick walled cylinders that were subjected to different conditions were studied. At first, the residual stress is calculated by analytical solution. Then by changing of the parameters that influenced in residual stresses such as percentage of autofrettage, internal pressure, wall ratio of cylinder, material property of cylinder, bauschinger and hardening effect factor, a neural network is created. These parameters are the input of network. The output of network is residual stress. Numerical data, employed for training the network and capabilities of the model in predicting the residual stress has been verified. The output obtained from neural network model is compared with numerical results, and the amount of relative error has been calculated. Based on this verification error, it is shown that the radial basis function of neural network has the average error of 2.75% in predicting residual stress of thick wall cylinder. Further analysis of residual stress of thick wall cylinder under different input conditions has been investigated and comparison results of modeling with numerical considerations shows a good agreement, which also proves the feasibility and effectiveness of the adopted approach. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thick%20walled%20cylinder" title="thick walled cylinder">thick walled cylinder</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=residual%20stress" title=" residual stress"> residual stress</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=radial%20basis" title=" radial basis"> radial basis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=artificial%20neural%20network" title=" artificial neural network"> artificial neural network</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34495/estimation-of-residual-stresses-in-thick-walled-cylinder-by-radial-basis-artificial-neural" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34495.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">416</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=moderately%20thick%20plates&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=moderately%20thick%20plates&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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