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class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Districts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Districts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Districts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Districts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Municipalities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Municipalities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Municipalities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Municipalities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Demographics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Demographics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Historical_population" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historical_population"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Historical population</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Historical_population-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Politics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Politics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Politics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Politics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon 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id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Primary_sector" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Primary_sector"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Primary sector</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Primary_sector-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Secondary_sector" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Secondary_sector"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Secondary sector</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Secondary_sector-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tertiary_sector" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tertiary_sector"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>Tertiary sector</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tertiary_sector-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Transport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Culture</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Culture subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Monuments" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Monuments"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Monuments</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Monuments-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gastronomy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gastronomy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2</span> <span>Gastronomy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gastronomy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Valais</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 95 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-95" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">95 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanton_Valais" title="Kanton Valais – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Kanton Valais" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanton_Wallis" title="Kanton Wallis – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Kanton Wallis" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86_%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%87" title="كانتون فاليه – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="كانتون فاليه" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cant%C3%B3n_d%27o_Valais" title="Cantón d'o Valais – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Cantón d'o Valais" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canton_du_Val%C3%AAs" title="Canton du Valês – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Canton du Valês" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valais" title="Valais – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Valais" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%84%D9%87_(%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86)" title="وله (کانتون) – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="وله (کانتون)" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanton_Valais" title="Kanton Valais – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Kanton Valais" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valais_Chiu" title="Valais Chiu – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Valais Chiu" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5_(%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD)" title="Вале (кантон) – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Вале (кантон)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Вале – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Вале" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5_(%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD)" title="Вале (кантон) – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Вале (кантон)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valais" title="Valais – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Valais" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valais" title="Valais – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Valais" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valais" title="Valais – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Valais" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5_(%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD)" title="Вале (кантон) – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Вале (кантон)" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canton_du_Valais" title="Canton du Valais – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Canton du Valais" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valais" title="Valais – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Valais" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valais" title="Valais – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Valais" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valais" title="Valais – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Valais" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valais_(kantona)" title="Valais (kantona) – Northern Sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Valais (kantona)" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Northern Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanton_Wallis" title="Kanton Wallis – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Kanton Wallis" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valais%27_kanton" title="Valais' kanton – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Valais' kanton" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%B1%CE%BD%CF%84%CF%8C%CE%BD%CE%B9_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%92%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%B1%CE%AF" title="Καντόνι του Βαλαί – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Καντόνι του Βαλαί" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cant%C3%B3n_del_Valais" title="Cantón del Valais – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Cantón del Valais" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kantono_Valezo" title="Kantono Valezo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kantono Valezo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valais" title="Valais – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Valais" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86_%D9%88%D9%84%D9%87" title="کانتون وله – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کانتون وله" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canton_du_Valais" title="Canton du Valais – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Canton du Valais" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valais_(Canton)" title="Valais (Canton) – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Valais (Canton)" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valais" title="Valais – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Valais" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B0%9C%EB%A0%88%EC%A3%BC" title="발레주 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="발레주" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8E%D5%A1%D5%AC%D5%A5_(%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%BF%D5%B8%D5%B6,_%D5%87%D5%BE%D5%A5%D5%B5%D6%81%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%A1)" title="Վալե (կանտոն, Շվեյցարիա) – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Վալե (կանտոն, Շվեյցարիա)" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%A8" title="वाले कैन्टन – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="वाले कैन्टन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valais" title="Valais – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Valais" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valais" title="Valais – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Valais" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanton_Valais" title="Kanton Valais – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kanton Valais" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canton_de_Vallais" title="Canton de Vallais – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Canton de Vallais" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5_(%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD)" title="Вале (кантон) – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Вале (кантон)" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valais" title="Valais – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Valais" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canton_Vallese" title="Canton Vallese – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Canton Vallese" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%95%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%94" title="ואלה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ואלה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valais" title="Valais – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Valais" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="ვალეს კანტონი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ვალეს კანტონი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5_(%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD)" title="Вале (кантон) – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Вале (кантон)" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valais" title="Valais – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Valais" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valais" title="Valais – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Valais" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cianton_de_Valais" title="Cianton de Valais – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Cianton de Valais" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valesia" title="Valesia – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Valesia" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Val%C4%93_kantons" title="Valē kantons – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Valē kantons" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Val%C4%97" title="Valė – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Valė" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wallis_(kanton)" title="Wallis (kanton) – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Wallis (kanton)" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanton_ya_Mbwaku" title="Kanton ya Mbwaku – Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Kanton ya Mbwaku" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canton_Vales" title="Canton Vales – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Canton Vales" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wallis_kanton" title="Wallis kanton – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Wallis kanton" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Вале – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Вале" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87" title="व्हाले – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="व्हाले" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86_%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%B2" title="كانتون فاليز – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="كانتون فاليز" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%B3_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86" title="والیس کانتون – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="والیس کانتون" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valais" title="Valais – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Valais" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wallis_(kanton)" title="Wallis (kanton) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Wallis (kanton)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%B4%E3%82%A1%E3%83%AC%E3%83%BC%E5%B7%9E" title="ヴァレー州 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ヴァレー州" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cantone_Vallese" title="Cantone Vallese – Neapolitan" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Cantone Vallese" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Neapolitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wallis_(Kantoon)" title="Wallis (Kantoon) – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Wallis (Kantoon)" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valais" title="Valais – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Valais" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valais" title="Valais – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Valais" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canton_de_Val%C3%A9s" title="Canton de Valés – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Canton de Valés" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%B3" title="ویلائس – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ویلائس" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%B2" title="والیز – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="والیز" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canton_%C3%ABd_Valais" title="Canton ëd Valais – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Canton ëd Valais" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valais" title="Valais – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Valais" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valais" title="Valais – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Valais" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cantonul_Valais" title="Cantonul Valais – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Cantonul Valais" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chantun_Vallais" title="Chantun Vallais – Romansh" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Chantun Vallais" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="Romansh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5_(%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD)" title="Вале (кантон) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Вале (кантон)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanton_Wallis" title="Kanton Wallis – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Kanton Wallis" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kantoni_Valais" title="Kantoni Valais – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Kantoni Valais" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canton_Vallisi" title="Canton Vallisi – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Canton Vallisi" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valais" title="Valais – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Valais" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valais_(kant%C3%B3n)" title="Valais (kantón) – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Valais (kantón)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanton_Valais" title="Kanton Valais – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Kanton Valais" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Кантон Вале – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Кантон Вале" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valais" title="Valais – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Valais" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valais" title="Valais – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Valais" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valais" title="Valais – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Valais" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5" title="รัฐวาเล – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="รัฐวาเล" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valais" title="Valais – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Valais" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5_(%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD)" title="Вале (кантон) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Вале (кантон)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%92" title="والے – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="والے" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canton_Va%C5%82exe" title="Canton Vałexe – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Canton Vałexe" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valais" title="Valais – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Valais" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valais" title="Valais – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Valais" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%93%A6%E8%8E%B1%E5%B7%9E" title="瓦莱州 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="瓦莱州" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%8F%AF%E9%BA%97%E5%B7%9E" title="華麗州 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="華麗州" data-language-autonym="粵語" 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href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Valais&params=46.275_N_7.500_E_region:CH-VS_type:city(348503)"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">46°16′30″N</span> <span class="longitude">7°30′00″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">46.275°N 7.500°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">46.275; 7.500</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Canton of Switzerland</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1248332772">.mw-parser-output .multiple-issues-text{width:95%;margin:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .multiple-issues-text>.mw-collapsible-content{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox{border:none;border-collapse:collapse;background-color:transparent;margin:0 0 0 1.6em!important;padding:0!important;width:auto;display:block}body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox.mbox-small-left{font-size:100%;width:auto;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox .mbox-text{padding:0!important;margin:0!important}.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox .mbox-text-span{display:list-item;line-height:1.5em;list-style-type:disc}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .multiple-issues-text>.mw-collapsible-toggle,.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox .mbox-image,.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox .mbox-imageright,.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox .mbox-empty-cell,.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .hide-when-compact{display:none}</style><table class="box-Multiple_issues plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-multiple_issues compact-ambox" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/60px-Ambox_important.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/80px-Ambox_important.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="40" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span"><div class="multiple-issues-text mw-collapsible"><b>This article has multiple issues.</b> Please help <b><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Valais" title="Special:EditPage/Valais">improve it</a></b> or discuss these issues on the <b><a href="/wiki/Talk:Valais" title="Talk:Valais">talk page</a></b>. <small><i>(<a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove these messages</a>)</i></small> <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Expert_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/60px-Ambox_important.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/80px-Ambox_important.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="40" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs attention from an expert in Switzerland</b>. The specific problem is: <b>Issues regarding the tone, lack of references, conflict of interest, and redundant information are too widespread across the article.</b> See the <a href="/wiki/Talk:Valais#Not_meeting_the_standards_of_a_Wikipedia_article" title="Talk:Valais">talk page</a> for details.<span class="hide-when-compact"> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Switzerland" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Switzerland">WikiProject Switzerland</a> may be able to help recruit an expert.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">March 2024</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Promotional plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Advert" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/60px-Ambox_important.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/80px-Ambox_important.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="40" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article's "Economy" and "Culture" section, as well as parts of the "Geography" section <b>contains <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:What_Wikipedia_is_not#Wikipedia_is_not_a_soapbox_or_means_of_promotion" title="Wikipedia:What Wikipedia is not">promotional content</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Valais&action=edit">improve it</a> by removing <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Spam" title="Wikipedia:Spam">promotional language</a> and inappropriate <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:External_links#Advertising_and_conflicts_of_interest" title="Wikipedia:External links">external links</a>, and by adding encyclopedic text written from a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Neutral_point_of_view" title="Wikipedia:Neutral point of view">neutral point of view</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">March 2024</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-COI plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-COI" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Unbalanced_scales.svg/45px-Unbalanced_scales.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Unbalanced_scales.svg/68px-Unbalanced_scales.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Unbalanced_scales.svg/90px-Unbalanced_scales.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="354" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span"><b> A major contributor to this article appears to have a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Conflict_of_interest" title="Wikipedia:Conflict of interest">close connection</a> with its subject.</b><span class="hide-when-compact"> Relevant discussion may be found on the <a href="/wiki/Talk:Valais#Advertising_on_Wikipedia" title="Talk:Valais">talk page</a>. It may require cleanup to comply with Wikipedia's content policies, particularly <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Neutral_point_of_view" title="Wikipedia:Neutral point of view">neutral point of view</a>. Please discuss further on the <a href="/wiki/Talk:Valais" title="Talk:Valais">talk page</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">March 2024</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> </div> </div><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Canton</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Canton of Valais</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/Cantons_of_Switzerland" title="Cantons of Switzerland">Canton</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow ib-settlement-official"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold"><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Canton du Valais</i></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>)</span><br /><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Kanton Wallis</i></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>)</span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Canton_of_Valais.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Canton of Valais"><img alt="Flag of Canton of Valais" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_Canton_of_Valais.svg/100px-Flag_of_Canton_of_Valais.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_Canton_of_Valais.svg/150px-Flag_of_Canton_of_Valais.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_Canton_of_Valais.svg/200px-Flag_of_Canton_of_Valais.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="471" data-file-height="472" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Flag</div></div></div></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wappen_Wallis_matt.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Canton of Valais"><img alt="Coat of arms of Canton of Valais" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Wappen_Wallis_matt.svg/66px-Wappen_Wallis_matt.svg.png" decoding="async" width="66" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Wappen_Wallis_matt.svg/99px-Wappen_Wallis_matt.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Wappen_Wallis_matt.svg/132px-Wappen_Wallis_matt.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="407" data-file-height="493" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link"><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Valais" title="Coat of arms of Valais">Coat of arms</a></div></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Logo_of_the_canton_of_Valais.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Official logo of Canton of Valais"><img alt="Official logo of Canton of Valais" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Logo_of_the_canton_of_Valais.svg/120px-Logo_of_the_canton_of_Valais.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Logo_of_the_canton_of_Valais.svg/180px-Logo_of_the_canton_of_Valais.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Logo_of_the_canton_of_Valais.svg/240px-Logo_of_the_canton_of_Valais.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link"><a href="/wiki/Brandmark" class="mw-redirect" title="Brandmark">Brandmark</a></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Anthem: <i>Notre Valais/Wallis, unser Heimatland</i><br /><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">("Our Valais/Wallis, our homeland")</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 275px; height: 175px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="275" data-height="175" data-zoom="6" data-lat="46.7" data-lon="8.25" data-overlays="["_91553beb910845957d751073e49f4f16fc8473eb"]" href="/wiki/Special:Map/6/46.7/8.25/en"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,6,46.7,8.25,275x175.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Valais&revid=1258025659&groups=_91553beb910845957d751073e49f4f16fc8473eb" width="275" height="175" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,6,46.7,8.25,275x175@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Valais&revid=1258025659&groups=_91553beb910845957d751073e49f4f16fc8473eb 2x" alt="Map" /></a><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Location in Switzerland <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1214851843">.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{box-sizing:border-box;width:100%;padding:5px;border:none;font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .hidden-title{font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .hidden-content{text-align:left}@media all and (max-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{width:auto!important;clear:none!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="border:1px solid grey;"><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="text-align:left;">Map of Valais</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style=""> <br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Karte_Kanton_Wallis_2010.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Karte_Kanton_Wallis_2010.png/250px-Karte_Kanton_Wallis_2010.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="181" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Karte_Kanton_Wallis_2010.png/375px-Karte_Kanton_Wallis_2010.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Karte_Kanton_Wallis_2010.png/500px-Karte_Kanton_Wallis_2010.png 2x" data-file-width="2066" data-file-height="1498" /></a></span></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Valais&params=46.275_N_7.500_E_region:CH-VS_type:city(348503)"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">46°16′30″N</span> <span class="longitude">7°30′00″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">46.275°N 7.500°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">46.275; 7.500</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Capital</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Sion,_Switzerland" title="Sion, Switzerland">Sion</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Subdivisions</th><td class="infobox-data"><b></b><a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_the_canton_of_Valais" title="Municipalities of the canton of Valais">122 municipalities</a>, <a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Switzerland#Valais" title="Districts of Switzerland">13 districts</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/List_of_cantonal_executives_of_Switzerland" title="List of cantonal executives of Switzerland">Executive</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=State_Council_of_Valais&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="State Council of Valais (page does not exist)">State Council</a> (5)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/List_of_cantonal_legislatures_of_Switzerland" title="List of cantonal legislatures of Switzerland">Legislative</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Grand_Council_of_Valais" title="Grand Council of Valais">Grand Council</a> (130)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup id="cite_ref-Area_Canton_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Area_Canton-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">5,224.49 km<sup>2</sup> (2,017.19 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(December 2020)<sup id="cite_ref-Stat2020_VS_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stat2020_VS-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">348,503</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">67/km<sup>2</sup> (170/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">GDP<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Total</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Swiss_franc" title="Swiss franc">CHF</a> 19.194 billion (2020)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Per capita</th><td class="infobox-data">CHF 55,313 (2020)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166" title="ISO 3166">ISO 3166 code</a></th><td class="infobox-data nickname">CH-VS</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cantons_of_Switzerland_by_elevation" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cantons of Switzerland by elevation">Highest point</a></th><td class="infobox-data">4,634 m (15,203 ft): <a href="/wiki/Monte_Rosa" title="Monte Rosa">Monte Rosa</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cantons_of_Switzerland_by_elevation" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cantons of Switzerland by elevation">Lowest point</a></th><td class="infobox-data">372 m (1,220 ft): <a href="/wiki/Lake_Geneva" title="Lake Geneva">Lake Geneva</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Switzerland#Order_of_accession_of_the_cantons" title="History of Switzerland">Joined</a></th><td class="infobox-data">1815</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Languages</th><td class="infobox-data">French, German</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.VS.ch">www<wbr />.vs<wbr />.ch</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Valais</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small"><a href="/wiki/British_English" title="British English">UK</a>: </span><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'v' in 'vie'">v</span><span title="/æ/: 'a' in 'bad'">æ</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span><span title="/eɪ/: 'a' in 'face'">eɪ</span></span>/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling"><span style="font-size:90%">VAL</span>-ay</i></a>, <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small"><a href="/wiki/American_English" title="American English">US</a>: </span><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'v' in 'vie'">v</span><span title="/æ/: 'a' in 'bad'">æ</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span><span title="/eɪ/: 'a' in 'face'">eɪ</span></span>/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling">val-<span style="font-size:90%">AY</span></i></a>; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">French:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="fr-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/French" title="Help:IPA/French">[valɛ]</a></span> <span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/2\/28\/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-DSwissK-Valais.wav\/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-DSwissK-Valais.wav.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"LL-Q150 (fra)-DSwissK-Valais.wav"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/28/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-DSwissK-Valais.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-DSwissK-Valais.wav.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:LL-Q150_(fra)-DSwissK-Valais.wav" title="File:LL-Q150 (fra)-DSwissK-Valais.wav">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span>),<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> more formally, the <b>Canton of Valais</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is one of the <a href="/wiki/Cantons_of_Switzerland" title="Cantons of Switzerland">26 cantons</a> forming the <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Swiss Confederation</a>. It is composed of thirteen districts and its capital and largest city is <a href="/wiki/Sion,_Switzerland" title="Sion, Switzerland">Sion</a>. </p><p>Valais is situated in the southwestern part of the country. It borders the cantons of <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Vaud" class="mw-redirect" title="Canton of Vaud">Vaud</a> and <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Bern" title="Canton of Bern">Bern</a> to the north, the cantons of <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Uri" title="Canton of Uri">Uri</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ticino" title="Ticino">Ticino</a> to the east, as well as Italy to the south and France to the west. It is one of the three large southern <a href="/wiki/Alps" title="Alps">Alpine</a> cantons, along with Ticino and the <a href="/wiki/Grisons" title="Grisons">Grisons</a>, which encompass a vast diversity of ecosystems. It is a bilingual canton, French and German being its two official languages. Traditionally, the canton is divided into Lower, Central, and Upper Valais, the latter region constituting the German-speaking minority. </p><p>Valais is essentially coextensive with the valley of the <a href="/wiki/Rh%C3%B4ne" title="Rhône">Rhône</a> from its headwaters to <a href="/wiki/Lake_Geneva" title="Lake Geneva">Lake Geneva</a>, separating the <a href="/wiki/Pennine_Alps" title="Pennine Alps">Pennine Alps</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Bernese_Alps" title="Bernese Alps">Bernese Alps</a>, the two largest mountain ranges of the canton. A major wine region, the canton is simultaneously one of the driest regions of Switzerland in its central Rhône valley and among the wettest, having large amounts of snow and rain upon the highest peaks found in Switzerland, such as <a href="/wiki/Monte_Rosa" title="Monte Rosa">Monte Rosa</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Finsteraarhorn" title="Finsteraarhorn">Finsteraarhorn</a>. Although a major hydroelectricity producer, Valais is essentially renowned for its tourism industry and its numerous Alpine resort towns, notably <a href="/wiki/Crans-Montana" title="Crans-Montana">Crans-Montana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saas_Fee" class="mw-redirect" title="Saas Fee">Saas Fee</a>, <a href="/wiki/Verbier" title="Verbier">Verbier</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Zermatt" title="Zermatt">Zermatt</a>. Overlooking the latter town, the <a href="/wiki/Matterhorn" title="Matterhorn">Matterhorn</a> has become an iconic landmark of the canton. </p><p>In 1529, Valais became an associate member of the <a href="/wiki/Old_Swiss_Confederacy" title="Old Swiss Confederacy">Swiss Confederation</a>. After having resisted the Protestant Reformation and remained faithful to the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic Church">Roman Catholic Church</a>, it became a republic under the guidance of the <a href="/wiki/Bishop_of_Sion" class="mw-redirect" title="Bishop of Sion">prince-bishop of Sion</a> in 1628. In 1815, Valais finally entered the Swiss Confederation as a canton. In 1878, the <a href="/wiki/Simplon_Railway" title="Simplon Railway">Simplon Railway</a> connected most of Valais with the cities of the <a href="/wiki/Swiss_Plateau" title="Swiss Plateau">Swiss Plateau</a>. The canton was further opened up by the <a href="/wiki/L%C3%B6tschberg_Railway" class="mw-redirect" title="Lötschberg Railway">Lötschberg Railway</a> in 1913. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Name">Name</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Valais&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Name"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The canton is also officially referred to by its long name <i>République et canton du Valais</i> (French) or <i>Republik und Kanton Wallis</i> (German).<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This translates into <i>Republic and Canton of Valais</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Valais&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_Valais" title="History of Valais">History of Valais</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Prince-bishopric_of_Sion" class="mw-redirect" title="Prince-bishopric of Sion">Prince-bishopric of Sion</a> and <a href="/wiki/Alpes_Poeninae" class="mw-redirect" title="Alpes Poeninae">Alpes Poeninae</a></div> <p>The Romans called the upper Rhône valley <i><a href="/wiki/Vallis_Poenina" class="mw-redirect" title="Vallis Poenina">Vallis Poenina</a></i>. The <i>Vallis Poenina</i> was conquered by the Romans after the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Octodurus" title="Battle of Octodurus">Battle of Octodurus</a> (now known as <a href="/wiki/Martigny,_Switzerland" class="mw-redirect" title="Martigny, Switzerland">Martigny</a>) in 57 BC and became part of the <a href="/wiki/Gallo-Roman" class="mw-redirect" title="Gallo-Roman">Gallo-Roman</a> cultural sphere. According to a tradition that can be traced back to the middle of the 8th century, the <a href="/wiki/Theban_legion" class="mw-redirect" title="Theban legion">Theban legion</a> was martyred at <a href="/wiki/Agaunum" title="Agaunum">Agaunum</a> (now <a href="/wiki/Saint-Maurice,_Switzerland" title="Saint-Maurice, Switzerland">Saint Maurice</a>) about 285 or 302. From 888 onwards the lands were part of the kingdom of <a href="/wiki/Burgundians" title="Burgundians">Jurane Burgundy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-EB_1911_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB_1911-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Val%C3%A8re_castle_in_Sion,_Switzerland,_Photo_by_Giles_Laurent.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Val%C3%A8re_castle_in_Sion%2C_Switzerland%2C_Photo_by_Giles_Laurent.jpg/260px-Val%C3%A8re_castle_in_Sion%2C_Switzerland%2C_Photo_by_Giles_Laurent.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Val%C3%A8re_castle_in_Sion%2C_Switzerland%2C_Photo_by_Giles_Laurent.jpg/390px-Val%C3%A8re_castle_in_Sion%2C_Switzerland%2C_Photo_by_Giles_Laurent.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Val%C3%A8re_castle_in_Sion%2C_Switzerland%2C_Photo_by_Giles_Laurent.jpg/520px-Val%C3%A8re_castle_in_Sion%2C_Switzerland%2C_Photo_by_Giles_Laurent.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3840" data-file-height="2160" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Val%C3%A8re_Basilica" title="Valère Basilica">Valère Basilica</a> dominating the Rhône Valley. By the 12th century, the <a href="/wiki/Bishops_of_Sion" class="mw-redirect" title="Bishops of Sion">bishops of Sion</a> began building churches and castles in Sion to represent their power and administer their estates.</figcaption></figure> <p>Valais formed part of the kingdom of Transjurane Burgundy, which fell to the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman Empire</a> in 1032. It became part of the duchy of Burgundia Minor, which was held by the emperors by the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Z%C3%A4hringen" title="House of Zähringen">house of Zähringen</a> (which became extinct in 1218). In 999, King <a href="/wiki/Rudolph_III_of_Burgundy" title="Rudolph III of Burgundy">Rudolph III of Burgundy</a> gave all temporal rights and privileges to the <a href="/wiki/Bishop_of_Sion" class="mw-redirect" title="Bishop of Sion">Bishop of Sion</a>, who was later styled <i>praefect and count of Valais</i> and is still a prince of the Holy Roman Empire. The count-bishops then struggled to defend their area against the Zähringer and then the dukes of <a href="/wiki/Savoy" title="Savoy">Savoy</a>, so that the medieval history of Valais is inextricably linked with that of the diocese of Sion. The Dukes of Savoy, however, succeeded in winning most of the land west of <a href="/wiki/Sion,_Switzerland" title="Sion, Switzerland">Sion</a> (Lower Valais), while in the upper part of the valley (Upper Valais) there were many feudal lords, such as the lords of Raron, those of La Tour-Châtillon, and the counts of Visp.<sup id="cite_ref-EB_1911_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB_1911-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>About the middle of the 13th century, the large communities (Zenden or <a href="/wiki/Tithing" title="Tithing">tithings</a>) began to develop independence and grow in power. The name <i>Zenden</i> or tithings probably came from a very ancient division of the bishop's manors for administrative and judicial purposes. In the same century the upper part of the valley was colonized by Germans from Hasli (<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haslital" class="extiw" title="de:Haslital">de</a>) in the <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Bern" title="Canton of Bern">Canton of Bern</a>. The locals became <a href="/wiki/German-speaking" class="mw-redirect" title="German-speaking">German-speaking</a>, though many Romance local names remain. In 1354 the liberties of several of the <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9publique_des_Sept-Dizains" class="mw-redirect" title="République des Sept-Dizains">seven <i>Zenden</i></a> (<a href="/wiki/Sion_District" title="Sion District">Sion</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sierre_District" title="Sierre District">Sierre</a>, <a href="/wiki/Leuk_District" title="Leuk District">Leuk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Raron" title="Raron">Raron</a>, <a href="/wiki/Visp_District" title="Visp District">Visp</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brig_District" title="Brig District">Brig</a> and <a href="/wiki/Conches_(district)" class="mw-redirect" title="Conches (district)">Conches</a>) were confirmed by the <a href="/wiki/Charles_IV,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor">Emperor Charles IV</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-EB_1911_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB_1911-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Valais1300_english.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Valais1300_english.png/260px-Valais1300_english.png" decoding="async" width="260" height="192" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Valais1300_english.png/390px-Valais1300_english.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Valais1300_english.png/520px-Valais1300_english.png 2x" data-file-width="1063" data-file-height="785" /></a><figcaption>Valais in 1300</figcaption></figure> <p>By the late 14th century, the counts of Savoy acquired the bishopric of Sion. The Zenden resisted his attempts to gather both spiritual and secular power in the valley. In 1375–76, Zenden forces defeated the army of the house of La Tour-Chatillon, and in 1388 routed the forces of the bishop, the count, and his nobles at Visp. The <a href="/wiki/Swiss_German" title="Swiss German">German-speaking</a> Zenden spread further into the valley. Starting in 1384 the Morge stream (a little below Sion) was recognized as the boundary between Savoyard, <a href="/wiki/French-speaking" class="mw-redirect" title="French-speaking">French-speaking</a> Lower Valais and German-speaking episcopal Upper Valais. </p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/Raron_affair" title="Raron affair">Raron affair</a> rebellion from 1414 to 1420, some cantons of the <a href="/wiki/Old_Swiss_Confederacy" title="Old Swiss Confederacy">Swiss Confederation</a> took sides in the conflict. <a href="/wiki/Lucerne" title="Lucerne">Lucerne</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Uri" title="Canton of Uri">Uri</a> and <a href="/wiki/Unterwalden" title="Unterwalden">Unterwalden</a> supported the Upper Valais rebels, while <a href="/wiki/Bern" title="Bern">Bern</a> supported the noble Raron family. The uprising was successful in driving out the Rarons and almost brought the Confederation to civil war.<sup id="cite_ref-HDS_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HDS-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Following the Raron affair, the canton was the location of the <a href="/wiki/Valais_witch_trials" title="Valais witch trials">Valais witch trials</a> between 1428 and 1447 in which at least 367 men and women were put to death. This event marks one of the earliest witch scares in late medieval Europe. The phenomenon later spread to other parts of the continent. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Karte_Wallis_1545.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Karte_Wallis_1545.jpg/220px-Karte_Wallis_1545.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Karte_Wallis_1545.jpg/330px-Karte_Wallis_1545.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Karte_Wallis_1545.jpg/440px-Karte_Wallis_1545.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1104" data-file-height="851" /></a><figcaption>Earliest known map of Valais, drawn by Johannes Schalbetter in 1545. Looking south, only the lower portion of the valley from Leuk to Saint-Maurice is depicted.</figcaption></figure> <p>With the election of Walther II. Supersaxo von der Fluhe (from <a href="/wiki/Conches_(district)" class="mw-redirect" title="Conches (district)">Conches</a>) as bishop in 1457, the German-speaking part of the valley finally attained supremacy. At the outbreak of the <a href="/wiki/Burgundian_Wars" title="Burgundian Wars">Burgundian Wars</a> in 1475, the bishop of Sion and the Zenden made a treaty with Bern. In November of the same year, they seized all Lower or Savoyard Valais up to Martigny. In March 1476, after the victory of <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Grandson" title="Battle of Grandson">Grandson</a>, they advanced and captured St Maurice, <a href="/wiki/%C3%89vian-les-Bains" title="Évian-les-Bains">Évian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thonon-les-Bains" title="Thonon-les-Bains">Thonon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Monthey" title="Monthey">Monthey</a>. They had to give up the last three districts in 1477 but won them again in 1536. In the treaty of Thonon in 1569, Monthey, Val-d'llliez, and Le Bouveret were permanently annexed to Valais. These conquered districts in the Lower Valais were ruled as subject lands by the bishop and the Tithings of the Upper Valais until 1798. On 12 March 1529, Valais became an associate member (<i>Zugewandter Ort</i>) of the <a href="/wiki/Swiss_Confederation" class="mw-redirect" title="Swiss Confederation">Swiss Confederation</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-EB_1911_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB_1911-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the early 17th century, the aristocratic governors of the districts in the Upper Valais pressured the prince-bishop of Sion to abdicate secular power, which was achieved temporarily in 1613 and then permanently in 1634, when the country became the federal <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_the_Seven_Tithings" title="Republic of the Seven Tithings">Republic of the Seven Tithings</a> under the rule of a <i><a href="/wiki/Landeshauptmann" title="Landeshauptmann">Landeshauptmann</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The republic in its original form existed until 1798, when the districts of the Lower Valais, until then ruled as subjects, successfully revolted against the Seven Tithings and achieved equal status within the republic.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the <a href="/wiki/French_invasion_of_Switzerland" title="French invasion of Switzerland">French invasion of the Swiss Confederacy</a> in the same year, Valais was incorporated into the <a href="/wiki/Helvetic_Republic" title="Helvetic Republic">Helvetic Republic</a> until 1802 when it became the separate <a href="/wiki/Rhodanic_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhodanic Republic">Rhodanic Republic</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ernest_Bi%C3%A9ler_Entr%C3%A9e_du_Valais_dans_la_Conf%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Ernest_Bi%C3%A9ler_Entr%C3%A9e_du_Valais_dans_la_Conf%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration.jpg/220px-Ernest_Bi%C3%A9ler_Entr%C3%A9e_du_Valais_dans_la_Conf%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Ernest_Bi%C3%A9ler_Entr%C3%A9e_du_Valais_dans_la_Conf%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration.jpg/330px-Ernest_Bi%C3%A9ler_Entr%C3%A9e_du_Valais_dans_la_Conf%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Ernest_Bi%C3%A9ler_Entr%C3%A9e_du_Valais_dans_la_Conf%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration.jpg/440px-Ernest_Bi%C3%A9ler_Entr%C3%A9e_du_Valais_dans_la_Conf%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2102" data-file-height="1078" /></a><figcaption><i>Valais joins the Confederation</i> by <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Bi%C3%A9ler" title="Ernest Biéler">Ernest Biéler</a> (1944)</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1810, the Rhodanic Republic was annexed by the <a href="/wiki/First_French_Empire" title="First French Empire">First French Empire</a> as the <a href="/wiki/Departments_of_France" title="Departments of France">departement</a> of <a href="/wiki/Simplon_(department)" title="Simplon (department)">Simplon</a>. The department was occupied by <a href="/wiki/Austrian_empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Austrian empire">Austrian</a> troops in late 1813;<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> on 4 August 1815, Valais finally entered the Swiss Confederation as a canton. In 1845, Valais joined the Catholic separatist league (<i><a href="/wiki/Sonderbund" class="mw-redirect" title="Sonderbund">Sonderbund</a></i>) which led to what is called the <a href="/wiki/Sonderbund_War" title="Sonderbund War">Sonderbund War</a>. Under General <a href="/wiki/Henri_Dufour" class="mw-redirect" title="Henri Dufour">Henri Dufour</a>, 99,000 Swiss Federal troops were faced by 79,000 Separatists, but in the end, Valais chose not to fight. </p><p>The beginning of the modern history of Valais essentially coincides with the <a href="/wiki/Exploration_of_the_High_Alps" title="Exploration of the High Alps">exploration of the High Alps</a>, the <a href="/wiki/First_ascent_of_the_Matterhorn" title="First ascent of the Matterhorn">first ascent of the Matterhorn</a> in 1865 marking the end of the <a href="/wiki/Golden_age_of_alpinism" title="Golden age of alpinism">golden age of alpinism</a>. The boom of tourism followed in the late 19th century. In 1878, the <a href="/wiki/Simplon_Railway" title="Simplon Railway">Simplon Railway</a> connected <a href="/wiki/Brig-Glis" title="Brig-Glis">Brig</a>, the last town before the <a href="/wiki/Simplon_Pass" title="Simplon Pass">Simplon Pass</a>, from <a href="/wiki/Lausanne" title="Lausanne">Lausanne</a> and <a href="/wiki/Geneva" title="Geneva">Geneva</a> and other major cities of the <a href="/wiki/Swiss_Plateau" title="Swiss Plateau">Swiss Plateau</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Valais&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Switzerland" title="Geography of Switzerland">Geography of Switzerland</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Salgesch-Pfynwald.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Salgesch-Pfynwald.jpg/350px-Salgesch-Pfynwald.jpg" decoding="async" width="350" height="182" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Salgesch-Pfynwald.jpg/525px-Salgesch-Pfynwald.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Salgesch-Pfynwald.jpg/700px-Salgesch-Pfynwald.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6016" data-file-height="3136" /></a><figcaption>The Rhône Valley near Pfynwald. Note the vineyards, pines, and steppic vegetation that are typical of dry Central Valais</figcaption></figure> <p>Valais is the third largest canton of Switzerland by area. It is also one of its westernmost and southernmost cantons while being adjacent to central Switzerland. With a few exceptions, it lies almost entirely in the <a href="/wiki/Rh%C3%B4ne" title="Rhône">Rhône</a> basin, more precisely in the wide Alpine Rhône Valley, above <a href="/wiki/Lake_Geneva" title="Lake Geneva">Lake Geneva</a>. The main settlements are all along the Rhône or in its proximity, the largest city being <a href="/wiki/Sion,_Switzerland" title="Sion, Switzerland">Sion</a>, followed by <a href="/wiki/Martigny" title="Martigny">Martigny</a>, <a href="/wiki/Monthey" title="Monthey">Monthey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sierre" title="Sierre">Sierre</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Brig-Glis" title="Brig-Glis">Brig-Glis</a>. The canton is traditionally divided into three regions: Lower Valais (French: <i>Bas-Valais</i>), Central Valais (French: <i>Valais central</i>), and Upper Valais (German: <i>Oberwallis</i>), with the linguistic border of the canton being at Pfynwald, between the two latter regions. While the more populous Lower and Central Valais are <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French-speaking</a>, Upper Valais is <a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German-speaking</a>. </p><p>The Rhône Valley is a central Alpine valley, i.e. it lies well within the Alps and is shut off from both northern and southern plains. Valais is separated from the <a href="/wiki/Swiss_Plateau" title="Swiss Plateau">Swiss Plateau</a> to the north by the <a href="/wiki/Bernese_Alps" title="Bernese Alps">Bernese Alps</a> and from the Po plains to the south by the <a href="/wiki/Valais_Alps" class="mw-redirect" title="Valais Alps">Valais Alps</a>, respectively north and south of the Rhône. Valais is also one of the three large southern cantons lying partially in the <a href="/wiki/Po_(river)" title="Po (river)">Po</a> basin, therefore south of the Alps, along with <a href="/wiki/Ticino" title="Ticino">Ticino</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Grisons" title="Grisons">Grisons</a>. However, contrary to those two cantons, very few settlements are on the south side of the Alps, and they are all well above the plains. The largest regions not drained by the Rhône are the <a href="/wiki/Simplon_Valley" title="Simplon Valley">Simplon Valley</a> (Po basin) and two uninhabited areas north of the <a href="/wiki/Sanetsch_Pass" title="Sanetsch Pass">Sanetsch</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Gemmi_Pass" title="Gemmi Pass">Gemmi Pass</a> (<a href="/wiki/Rhine" title="Rhine">Rhine</a> basin). </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Aletschgletscher_mit_Pinus_cembra1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Aletschgletscher_mit_Pinus_cembra1.jpg/220px-Aletschgletscher_mit_Pinus_cembra1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Aletschgletscher_mit_Pinus_cembra1.jpg/330px-Aletschgletscher_mit_Pinus_cembra1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Aletschgletscher_mit_Pinus_cembra1.jpg/440px-Aletschgletscher_mit_Pinus_cembra1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Aletsch_Glacier" title="Aletsch Glacier">Aletsch Glacier</a>, largest in the Alps</figcaption></figure> <p>Valais is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_Swiss_cantons_by_elevation" title="List of Swiss cantons by elevation">highest canton in terms of absolute, relative, and mean elevation</a>. Therefore, its topography is extremely rugged, with the notable exception of the wide, glacial, Rhône valley. The latter valley dominates the geography of the canton. Many side valleys are branching off the main valley, often perpendicularly. These vary from narrow and remote to reasonably populous. On the south side of the Rhône, in the Valais Alps, some of the largest side valleys are (from east to west): the <a href="/wiki/Mattertal" title="Mattertal">Mattertal</a> (including the Saastal), the <a href="/wiki/Val_d%27Anniviers" title="Val d'Anniviers">Val d'Anniviers</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Val_d%27H%C3%A9rens" title="Val d'Hérens">Val d'Hérens</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Val_de_Bagnes" title="Val de Bagnes">Val de Bagnes</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Val_d%27Entremont" class="mw-redirect" title="Val d'Entremont">Val d'Entremont</a>. On the north of the Rhône, in the Bernese Alps, the <a href="/wiki/L%C3%B6tschental" title="Lötschental">Lötschental</a> is the only large valley. East of Brig is the valley of <a href="/wiki/Goms_(region)" class="mw-redirect" title="Goms (region)">Goms</a>, the highest section of the Rhône Valley. The Rhône itself flows in the main valley from east to west from the <a href="/wiki/Rh%C3%B4ne_Glacier" title="Rhône Glacier">Rhône Glacier</a> down to Martigny, then at a right angle north to its mouth in Lake Geneva. After the town of <a href="/wiki/Saint-Maurice,_Valais" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint-Maurice, Valais">Saint-Maurice</a>, the eastern banks of the river belong to the canton of <a href="/wiki/Vaud" title="Vaud">Vaud</a>, although the western banks remain in Valais, down to <a href="/wiki/Le_Bouveret" title="Le Bouveret">Le Bouveret</a>, on the shores of Lake Geneva. The main valley is bounded by the Bernese Alps in the north and the Valais Alps in the south, both ranges including numerous over 4,000 metre-high mountains, which are the highest in the country. Notables mountains include <a href="/wiki/Monte_Rosa" title="Monte Rosa">Monte Rosa</a> (highest), reaching 4,634 metres (15,203 ft), and the <a href="/wiki/Finsteraarhorn" title="Finsteraarhorn">Finsteraarhorn</a> (most prominent), reaching 4,274 metres (14,022 ft). Other iconic mountains are the <a href="/wiki/Matterhorn" title="Matterhorn">Matterhorn</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Jungfrau" title="Jungfrau">Jungfrau</a>, for a complete list, see <a href="/wiki/List_of_mountains_of_Valais" title="List of mountains of Valais">list of mountains of Valais</a>. Located there are <a href="/wiki/List_of_glaciers_in_Switzerland" title="List of glaciers in Switzerland">numerous glaciers</a> including several of the largest in the Alps, such as the <a href="/wiki/Aletsch_Glacier" title="Aletsch Glacier">Aletsch Glacier</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Gorner_Glacier" title="Gorner Glacier">Gorner Glacier</a>. Other ranges situated partially in Valais are the <a href="/wiki/Chablais_Alps" title="Chablais Alps">Chablais Alps</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Mont_Blanc_Massif" class="mw-redirect" title="Mont Blanc Massif">Mont Blanc Massif</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Uri_Alps" title="Uri Alps">Uri Alps</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Gotthard_Massif" class="mw-redirect" title="Gotthard Massif">Gotthard Massif</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Lepontine_Alps" title="Lepontine Alps">Lepontine Alps</a>. </p><p>Lake Geneva is the only truly large lake in the canton, although only a small fraction of it (about 10  km<sup>2</sup>) is in Valais, the plain of the Rhône comprehending only small lakes. There are however numerous sizable lakes in the high Alps, mostly artificial. The largest is <a href="/wiki/Lac_des_Dix" class="mw-redirect" title="Lac des Dix">Lac des Dix</a>, closely followed by the <a href="/wiki/Lac_d%27Emosson" class="mw-redirect" title="Lac d'Emosson">Lac d'Emosson</a>. Other large high-elevation lakes are <a href="/wiki/Lac_de_Mauvoisin" title="Lac de Mauvoisin">Lac de Mauvoisin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mattmarksee" title="Mattmarksee">Mattmarksee</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lac_de_Salanfe" title="Lac de Salanfe">lac de Salanfe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lac_de_Moiry" title="Lac de Moiry">Lac de Moiry</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lac_de_Tseuzier" title="Lac de Tseuzier">Lac de Tseuzier</a> (see <a href="/wiki/List_of_mountain_lakes_of_Switzerland" title="List of mountain lakes of Switzerland">list of mountain lakes of Switzerland</a> for a more complete list). All these lakes are used for hydroelectricity production, but they are also popular for their scenic views over the Alps. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Alps.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Alps.jpg/220px-Alps.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Alps.jpg/330px-Alps.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Alps.jpg/440px-Alps.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3678" data-file-height="2452" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Weisshorn" title="Weisshorn">Weisshorn</a>, one of the highest peaks of Valais</figcaption></figure> <p>Due to the high mountains surrounding the plains of the Rhône, the climate of central Valais is particularly dry, much drier than in <a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Switzerland" class="mw-redirect" title="Climate of Switzerland">the rest of Switzerland</a>. While locations at high elevations are highly exposed to rainfall and snowfall, average rainfall per year is only about 600  mm in Sion, corresponding to 50% of that of <a href="/wiki/Lucerne" title="Lucerne">Lucerne</a> (north of the Alps) and 30% of that of <a href="/wiki/Locarno" title="Locarno">Locarno</a> (south of the Alps). Officially, the driest location in Valais and Switzerland is <a href="/wiki/Stalden" title="Stalden">Stalden</a>, with 545  mm of rainfall per year.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Valais is often described as "semi-arid",<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> although it is not in the climatic sense of the term.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Therefore, in some areas, such as <a href="/wiki/Les_Follat%C3%A8res" class="mw-redirect" title="Les Follatères">Les Follatères</a>, are found plants that are uncommon or absent in the rest of Switzerland, such as cactuses.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On the lower south-facing slopes of the Bernese Alps, numerous vineyards are cultivated, between Fully and Leuk. Unlike in the rest of the country, <a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Switzerland#Irrigation" title="Agriculture in Switzerland">irrigated agriculture</a> is common in Valais. </p><p>The canton is renowned for its numerous towns and villages in the high Alps. In the Mattertal and adjoining Saastal are <a href="/wiki/Zermatt" title="Zermatt">Zermatt</a> and <a href="/wiki/Saas_Fee" class="mw-redirect" title="Saas Fee">Saas Fee</a>. Other popular resorts are <a href="/wiki/Verbier" title="Verbier">Verbier</a>, <a href="/wiki/Les_Mar%C3%A9cottes" title="Les Marécottes">Les Marécottes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Champ%C3%A9ry" title="Champéry">Champéry</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grimentz" title="Grimentz">Grimentz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zinal" title="Zinal">Zinal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anz%C3%A8re" title="Anzère">Anzère</a>, <a href="/wiki/Crans-Montana" title="Crans-Montana">Crans-Montana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Evol%C3%A8ne" title="Evolène">Evolène</a>, <a href="/wiki/Leukerbad" title="Leukerbad">Leukerbad</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fiesch" title="Fiesch">Fiesch</a>. All of them are tourist destination in both summer and winter seasons. </p><p>The area of the canton is 5,224 square kilometres (2,017 sq mi) and only about half of the total area is considered productive. Valais shares borders with four other cantons: to the north are the cantons of <a href="/wiki/Vaud" title="Vaud">Vaud</a> and <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Bern" title="Canton of Bern">Bern</a> and to the east are the cantons of <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Uri" title="Canton of Uri">Uri</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ticino" title="Ticino">Ticino</a>. The canton shares international borders as well: to the south are the Italian regions of <a href="/wiki/Aosta_Valley" title="Aosta Valley">Aosta Valley</a> and <a href="/wiki/Piedmont" title="Piedmont">Piedmont</a> and to the west is the French region of <a href="/wiki/Auvergne-Rh%C3%B4ne-Alpes" title="Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes">Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Political_subdivisions">Political subdivisions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Valais&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Political subdivisions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Subdivisions_of_the_canton_of_Valais" title="Subdivisions of the canton of Valais">Subdivisions of the canton of Valais</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Districts">Districts</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Valais&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Districts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Karte_Kanton_Wallis_Bezirke.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Karte_Kanton_Wallis_Bezirke.png/400px-Karte_Kanton_Wallis_Bezirke.png" decoding="async" width="400" height="290" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Karte_Kanton_Wallis_Bezirke.png/600px-Karte_Kanton_Wallis_Bezirke.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Karte_Kanton_Wallis_Bezirke.png/800px-Karte_Kanton_Wallis_Bezirke.png 2x" data-file-width="1181" data-file-height="855" /></a><figcaption>Districts in Valais</figcaption></figure> <p>Valais is divided into 13 districts, with the district of Raron being further divided into two half-districts. The districts are listed here in geographical order: </p><p>Upper Valais: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Goms_(district)" class="mw-redirect" title="Goms (district)">Goms</a> with capital <a href="/wiki/M%C3%BCnster-Geschinen" title="Münster-Geschinen">Münster-Geschinen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%96stlich_Raron_(district)" class="mw-redirect" title="Östlich Raron (district)">Östlich Raron</a> (half-district) with capital <a href="/wiki/M%C3%B6rel-Filet" title="Mörel-Filet">Mörel-Filet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brig_(district)" class="mw-redirect" title="Brig (district)">Brig</a> with capital <a href="/wiki/Brig-Glis" title="Brig-Glis">Brig-Glis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visp_(district)" class="mw-redirect" title="Visp (district)">Visp</a> with capital <a href="/wiki/Visp" title="Visp">Visp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westlich_Raron_(district)" class="mw-redirect" title="Westlich Raron (district)">Westlich Raron</a> (half-district) with capital <a href="/wiki/Raron" title="Raron">Raron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leuk_(district)" class="mw-redirect" title="Leuk (district)">Leuk</a> with capital <a href="/wiki/Leuk" title="Leuk">Leuk</a></li></ul> <p>Central Valais: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sierre_(district)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sierre (district)">Sierre</a> with capital <a href="/wiki/Sierre" title="Sierre">Sierre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%A9rens_(district)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hérens (district)">Hérens</a> with capital <a href="/wiki/Vex,_Switzerland" title="Vex, Switzerland">Vex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sion_(district)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sion (district)">Sion</a> with capital <a href="/wiki/Sion,_Switzerland" title="Sion, Switzerland">Sion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conthey_(district)" class="mw-redirect" title="Conthey (district)">Conthey</a> with capital <a href="/wiki/Conthey" title="Conthey">Conthey</a></li></ul> <p>Lower Valais: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Entremont_(district)" class="mw-redirect" title="Entremont (district)">Entremont</a> with capital <a href="/wiki/Sembrancher" title="Sembrancher">Sembrancher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martigny_(district)" class="mw-redirect" title="Martigny (district)">Martigny</a> with capital <a href="/wiki/Martigny" title="Martigny">Martigny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Maurice_(district)" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint-Maurice (district)">Saint-Maurice</a> with capital <a href="/wiki/Saint-Maurice,_Switzerland" title="Saint-Maurice, Switzerland">Saint-Maurice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monthey_(district)" class="mw-redirect" title="Monthey (district)">Monthey</a> with capital <a href="/wiki/Monthey" title="Monthey">Monthey</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Municipalities">Municipalities</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Valais&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Municipalities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_the_canton_of_Valais" title="Municipalities of the canton of Valais">Municipalities of the canton of Valais</a></div> <p>There are 122 <a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_the_canton_of_Valais" title="Municipalities of the canton of Valais">municipalities in the canton</a> (as of January 2021).<sup id="cite_ref-Document90142_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Document90142-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Valais&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Demographics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Maria_zum_Schnee.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Maria_zum_Schnee.jpg/220px-Maria_zum_Schnee.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Maria_zum_Schnee.jpg/330px-Maria_zum_Schnee.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Maria_zum_Schnee.jpg/440px-Maria_zum_Schnee.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3736" data-file-height="2501" /></a><figcaption>Predominantly Catholic, the canton includes numerous churches and Alpine chapels (here Maria zum Schnee in <a href="/wiki/Bettmeralp" title="Bettmeralp">Bettmeralp</a>)</figcaption></figure> <p>The western part of Valais (Central and Lower Valais) is French-speaking, while the eastern part (Upper Valais) is German-speaking. The language border crosses the Rhône between the towns of <a href="/wiki/Sierre" title="Sierre">Sierre</a> and <a href="/wiki/Salgesch" title="Salgesch">Salgesch</a> and follows the mountain ridge including <a href="/wiki/Bella_Tola" title="Bella Tola">Bella Tola</a>, <a href="/wiki/Weisshorn" title="Weisshorn">Weisshorn</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Dent_Blanche" title="Dent Blanche">Dent Blanche</a>. At the 2000 census, 62.8% of the population of Valais spoke French or <a href="/wiki/Franco-Proven%C3%A7al_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Franco-Provençal language">Arpitan</a>, 28.4% spoke German or <a href="/wiki/Walser_German" title="Walser German">Walser German</a>, 2.2% spoke Italian and 6.6% spoke other languages. Only 114 people reported speaking <a href="/wiki/Romansh_language" title="Romansh language">Romansh</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The canton is sparsely populated. Its population (as of 31 December 2020) is 348,503.<sup id="cite_ref-Stat2020_VS_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stat2020_VS-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of 2007<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Valais&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, the population included 57,061 foreigners, or about 19.1% of the total population.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The largest towns are the capital <a href="/wiki/Sion,_Switzerland" title="Sion, Switzerland">Sion</a> (<i>Sitten</i>), <a href="/wiki/Monthey" title="Monthey">Monthey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sierre" title="Sierre">Sierre</a>, <a href="/wiki/Martigny" title="Martigny">Martigny</a> and <a href="/wiki/Brig-Glis" title="Brig-Glis">Brig-Glis</a>. There is no major city located in the canton. As of 2017, 77% of total population was <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic">Roman Catholic</a>, while only 6% were members of <a href="/wiki/Swiss_Reformed_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Swiss Reformed Church">Swiss Reformed Church</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Relgion_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Relgion-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Historical_population">Historical population</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Valais&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Historical population"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The historical population is given in the following table: </p> <table class="wikitable collapsible"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="5">Historic Population Data<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <th>Year </th> <th>Total Population </th> <th>Swiss </th> <th>Non-Swiss </th> <th>Population share <br />of total country </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">1850 </th> <td rowspan="1" align="center">81 559 </td> <td rowspan="1" align="center">79 871 </td> <td rowspan="1" align="center">1 688 </td> <td align="center">3.4% </td></tr> <tr> <th>1880 </th> <td rowspan="1" align="center">100 190 </td> <td rowspan="1" align="center">97 134 </td> <td rowspan="1" align="center">3 056 </td> <td align="center">3.5% </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">1900 </th> <td rowspan="1" align="center">114 438 </td> <td rowspan="1" align="center">106 220 </td> <td rowspan="1" align="center">8 218 </td> <td align="center">3.5% </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">1950 </th> <td rowspan="1" align="center">159 178 </td> <td rowspan="1" align="center">154 179 </td> <td rowspan="1" align="center">4 999 </td> <td align="center">3.4% </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">1970 </th> <td rowspan="1" align="center">206 563 </td> <td rowspan="1" align="center">185 309 </td> <td rowspan="1" align="center">21 254 </td> <td align="center">3.3% </td></tr> <tr> <th>2000 </th> <td align="center">272 399 </td> <td align="center">225 356 </td> <td rowspan="1" align="center">47 043 </td> <td align="center">3.7% </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">2020 </th> <td align="center">348,503</td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"> </td> <td align="center">4.0% </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Politics">Politics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Valais&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Politics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Federal_election_results">Federal election results</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Valais&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Federal election results"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: center"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="15">Percentage of the total vote per party in the canton in the <a href="/wiki/National_Council_(Switzerland)" title="National Council (Switzerland)">National Council</a> Elections 1971-2015<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">Party</th> <th class="unsortable">Ideology</th> <th data-sort-type="number">1971</th> <th data-sort-type="number">1975</th> <th data-sort-type="number">1979</th> <th data-sort-type="number">1983</th> <th data-sort-type="number">1987</th> <th data-sort-type="number">1991</th> <th data-sort-type="number">1995</th> <th data-sort-type="number">1999</th> <th data-sort-type="number">2003</th> <th data-sort-type="number">2007</th> <th data-sort-type="number">2011</th> <th data-sort-type="number">2015 </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/FDP.The_Liberals" class="mw-redirect" title="FDP.The Liberals">FDP.The Liberals</a><sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_a"><a href="#endnote_a">a</a></sup> </th> <td bgcolor="#0E52A0"></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Classical_liberalism" title="Classical liberalism">Classical liberalism</a></td> <td>19.3</td> <td>18.9</td> <td>22.7</td> <td>25.2</td> <td>24.6</td> <td>25.9</td> <td>24.2</td> <td>18.8</td> <td>17.1</td> <td>16.0</td> <td>18.8</td> <td>18.1 </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Christian_Democratic_People%27s_Party_of_Switzerland" title="Christian Democratic People's Party of Switzerland">CVP/PDC/PPD/PCD</a> </th> <td bgcolor="#EF7D00"></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Christian_democracy" title="Christian democracy">Christian democracy</a></td> <td>61.5</td> <td>59.7</td> <td>58.8</td> <td>57.5</td> <td>58.7</td> <td>54.3</td> <td>54.8</td> <td>51.4</td> <td>47.9</td> <td>44.9</td> <td>39.9</td> <td>39.8 </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_of_Switzerland" title="Social Democratic Party of Switzerland">SP/PS</a> </th> <td bgcolor="#E4002B"></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Social_democracy" title="Social democracy">Social democracy</a></td> <td>15.4</td> <td>17.4</td> <td>11.6</td> <td>14.1</td> <td>14.5</td> <td>14.5</td> <td>16.6</td> <td>16.9</td> <td>19.1</td> <td>14.7</td> <td>14.6</td> <td>13.3 </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Swiss_People%27s_Party" title="Swiss People's Party">SVP/UDC</a> </th> <td bgcolor="#009F4F"></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Swiss_nationalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Swiss nationalism">Swiss nationalism</a></td> <td>* <sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_b"><a href="#endnote_b">b</a></sup></td> <td>*</td> <td>*</td> <td>*</td> <td>*</td> <td>*</td> <td>*</td> <td>9.0</td> <td>13.4</td> <td>16.6</td> <td>19.7</td> <td>22.1 </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Switzerland" title="Liberal Party of Switzerland">LPS/PLS</a> </th> <td bgcolor="#134B94"></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_and_radicalism_in_Switzerland" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberalism and radicalism in Switzerland">Swiss liberalism</a></td> <td>*</td> <td>*</td> <td>0.8</td> <td>*</td> <td>*</td> <td>3.9</td> <td>2.2</td> <td>1.8</td> <td>*</td> <td>1.0</td> <td>*</td> <td>* </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Christian_Social_Party_(Switzerland)" title="Christian Social Party (Switzerland)">CSP/PCS</a> </th> <td bgcolor="#0F95A7"></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Christian_left" title="Christian left">Christian left</a></td> <td>*</td> <td>*</td> <td>*</td> <td>*</td> <td>*</td> <td>*</td> <td>*</td> <td>*</td> <td>*</td> <td>1.1</td> <td>0.7</td> <td>1.4 </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Democratic_Party_of_Switzerland" title="Conservative Democratic Party of Switzerland">BDP/PBD</a> </th> <td bgcolor="#FBD918"></td> <td>Conservatism</td> <td>*</td> <td>*</td> <td>*</td> <td>*</td> <td>*</td> <td>*</td> <td>*</td> <td>*</td> <td>*</td> <td>*</td> <td>0.6</td> <td>* </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Swiss_Party_of_Labour" title="Swiss Party of Labour">PdA/PST-POP/PC/PSL</a> </th> <td bgcolor="#E93C1A"></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Socialism" title="Socialism">Socialism</a></td> <td>*</td> <td>*</td> <td>*</td> <td>*</td> <td>*</td> <td>*</td> <td>0.9</td> <td>*</td> <td>*</td> <td>*</td> <td>*</td> <td>* </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Green_Party_of_Switzerland" title="Green Party of Switzerland">GPS/PES</a> </th> <td bgcolor="#84B414"></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Green_politics" title="Green politics">Green politics</a></td> <td>*</td> <td>*</td> <td>*</td> <td>*</td> <td>1.7</td> <td>1.3</td> <td>1.3</td> <td>2.1</td> <td>2.6</td> <td>3.9</td> <td>5.0</td> <td>4.9 </td></tr> <tr> <th>Other </th> <td></td> <td></td> <td>3.8</td> <td>4.0</td> <td>6.2</td> <td>3.2</td> <td>0.6</td> <td>*</td> <td>*</td> <td>*</td> <td>*</td> <td>1.8</td> <td>0.6</td> <td>0.4 </td></tr> <tr> <th>Voter participation %</th> <th></th> <th></th> <th>67.2</th> <th>66.6</th> <th>65.7</th> <th>65.3</th> <th>59.6</th> <th>60.3</th> <th>55.0</th> <th>52.7</th> <th>53.6</th> <th>59.8</th> <th>61.8</th> <th>59.8 </th></tr> </tbody></table> <dl><dd><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1041539562">.mw-parser-output .citation{word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}</style><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_a"><b><a href="#ref_a">^a</a></b></span> FDP before 2009, FDP.The Liberals after 2009</dd> <dd><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_b"><b><a href="#ref_b">^b</a></b></span> "*" indicates that the party was not on the ballot in this canton.</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Valais&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Primary_sector">Primary sector</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Valais&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Primary sector"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Clavau.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Clavau.jpg/220px-Clavau.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Clavau.jpg/330px-Clavau.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Clavau.jpg/440px-Clavau.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5472" data-file-height="3648" /></a><figcaption>Terraced vineyards in the Rhône Valley</figcaption></figure> <p>Wines and <a href="/wiki/Fruit_brandy" title="Fruit brandy">fruit brandies</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/Poire_Williams" title="Poire Williams">Poire Williams</a>, are some of the main production of the canton. This form of agriculture is often irrigated through the use of small open-air wooden canals<sub>,</sub> called <a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Switzerland#Irrigation" title="Agriculture in Switzerland"><i>bisses</i> in French and <i>Suonen</i> in German</a>, that transport water from the glaciers above.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They also constitute popular hiking routes because of their low declivity. Vineyards are grown on terraces, typically on the south-facing slopes overlooking the Rhône Valley, where they have become an integral part of the landscape. The wine industry of the canton is the largest in Switzerland.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are also a large number <a href="/wiki/Orchard" title="Orchard">orchards</a> in the area, among which are apricot trees. The apricot has become the emblematic fruit of the canton.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In <a href="/wiki/Mund" title="Mund">Mund</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saffron" title="Saffron">saffron</a> is also gathered. </p><p>Agriculture in Valais also consists of cattle breeding in the mountains and <a href="/wiki/Dairy_farming" title="Dairy farming">dairy farming</a> in the plains. The canton is notable for its cheese and dried meat production. The <a href="/wiki/H%C3%A9rens_cattle" title="Hérens cattle">Hérens cattle</a> are also used in organised cow fights. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Secondary_sector">Secondary sector</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Valais&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Secondary sector"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Barrage_de_la_Grande-Dixence.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Barrage_de_la_Grande-Dixence.jpg/220px-Barrage_de_la_Grande-Dixence.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Barrage_de_la_Grande-Dixence.jpg/330px-Barrage_de_la_Grande-Dixence.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Barrage_de_la_Grande-Dixence.jpg/440px-Barrage_de_la_Grande-Dixence.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5472" data-file-height="3648" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Grande_Dixence" class="mw-redirect" title="Grande Dixence">Grande Dixence</a> is one of the world's largest dams</figcaption></figure> <p>Europe's tallest <a href="/wiki/Gravity_dam" title="Gravity dam">gravity dam</a> is located at <a href="/wiki/Grande_Dixence_Dam" title="Grande Dixence Dam">Grande Dixence</a> in the canton, closely followed by the <a href="/wiki/Mauvoisin_Dam" title="Mauvoisin Dam">Mauvoisin Dam</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hydroelectricity" title="Hydroelectricity">Hydroelectric</a> power plants from the canton produce about a quarter of Swiss electricity. </p><p>The west part and the most industrial region of the canton is called <a href="/wiki/Chablais" title="Chablais">Chablais</a>. The area is very important for the economy. The lands from Lake Geneva to the town of St-Maurice are located in the Chablais. There are a lot of factories, the most important are the subsidiaries of <a href="/wiki/Novartis" title="Novartis">Novartis</a> and <a href="/wiki/Syngenta" title="Syngenta">Syngenta</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Monthey" title="Monthey">Monthey</a>. In the town of <a href="/wiki/Collombey-Muraz" title="Collombey-Muraz">Collombey-Muraz</a>, there is an <a href="/wiki/Oil_refinery" title="Oil refinery">oil refinery</a>. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Lonza_Group" title="Lonza Group">Lonza Group</a> has large factories in Visp. Near <a href="/wiki/Visp" title="Visp">Visp</a> there is a large aluminium processing plant. Other metal products and chemicals are produced around Visp and <a href="/wiki/Sierre" title="Sierre">Sierre</a>, including <a href="/wiki/Swiss_Diamond_International" title="Swiss Diamond International">Swiss Diamond International</a> aluminum cookware. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tertiary_sector">Tertiary sector</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Valais&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Tertiary sector"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Valais has a long touristic tradition.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Hoteliers were at the base of the development of Valais Tourism. Many of them, such as <a href="/wiki/C%C3%A9sar_Ritz" title="César Ritz">César Ritz</a>, spent time and money to satisfy a clientele from around the world.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The canton is nowadays a year-round destination, renowned for its wild landscapes and numerous tourist facilities. In winter, skiing and other snow-related sports are the most popular activities. In summer, hiking and trekking are particularly popular.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Climbing and mountaineering can be practised year-round, with the highest mountains of western Europe surrounding Valais. Many of the huts owned by the <a href="/wiki/Swiss_Alpine_Club" title="Swiss Alpine Club">Swiss Alpine Club</a> are located in the canton. </p><p>Valais counts more than 120 winter and summer destinations, including: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Goms_(district)" class="mw-redirect" title="Goms (district)">Goms (district)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Fiesch" title="Fiesch">Fiesch</a>-<a href="/wiki/Eggishorn" title="Eggishorn">Eggishorn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bellwald" title="Bellwald">Bellwald</a>, <a href="/wiki/Binn" title="Binn">Binn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ernen" title="Ernen">Ernen</a>, Obergoms, <a href="/wiki/Oberwald" title="Oberwald">Oberwald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aletsch" class="mw-redirect" title="Aletsch">Aletsch</a> (UNESCO World Heritage): <a href="/wiki/Bettmeralp" title="Bettmeralp">Bettmeralp</a>, Fiescheralp, <a href="/wiki/Riederalp" title="Riederalp">Riederalp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brig-Glis" title="Brig-Glis">Brig-Glis</a> and surrounding area: <a href="/wiki/Blatten_bei_Naters" class="mw-redirect" title="Blatten bei Naters">Blatten</a>, <a href="/wiki/Belalp" title="Belalp">Belalp</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mund" title="Mund">Mund</a>, <a href="/wiki/Termen" title="Termen">Termen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Birgisch" title="Birgisch">Birgisch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visp" title="Visp">Visp</a> and surrounding area: <a href="/wiki/Visperterminen" title="Visperterminen">Visperterminen</a>, <a href="/wiki/B%C3%BCrchen" title="Bürchen">Bürchen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eischoll" title="Eischoll">Eischoll</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stalden" title="Stalden">Stalden</a>, <a href="/wiki/T%C3%B6rbel" title="Törbel">Törbel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Unterb%C3%A4ch" title="Unterbäch">Unterbäch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zermatt" title="Zermatt">Zermatt</a> with <a href="/wiki/Matterhorn" title="Matterhorn">Matterhorn</a> and the largest summer ski area of Switzerland, on the southern slopes of <a href="/wiki/Breithorn" title="Breithorn">Breithorn</a> reachable from the cable car station of the <a href="/wiki/Klein_Matterhorn" title="Klein Matterhorn">Klein Matterhorn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saas_Valley" class="mw-redirect" title="Saas Valley">Saas Valley</a>: <a href="/wiki/Saas-Fee" title="Saas-Fee">Saas-Fee</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saas-Almagell" title="Saas-Almagell">Saas-Almagell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saas-Grund" title="Saas-Grund">Saas-Grund</a> with <a href="/wiki/Fee_Glacier" title="Fee Glacier">Fee Glacier</a>, the second largest summer ski area in Switzerland</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leukerbad" title="Leukerbad">Leukerbad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sierre" title="Sierre">Sierre</a>, <a href="/wiki/Salquenen" class="mw-redirect" title="Salquenen">Salquenen</a> and <a href="/wiki/Anniviers" title="Anniviers">Anniviers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chandolin" title="Chandolin">Chandolin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saint-Luc,_Switzerland" title="Saint-Luc, Switzerland">St. Luc</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grimentz" title="Grimentz">Grimentz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vercorin" title="Vercorin">Vercorin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zinal" title="Zinal">Zinal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crans-Montana" title="Crans-Montana">Crans-Montana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sion,_Switzerland" title="Sion, Switzerland">Sion</a> and surrounding area: <a href="/wiki/Anz%C3%A8re" title="Anzère">Anzère</a>, <a href="/wiki/Val_d%27H%C3%A9rens" title="Val d'Hérens">Val d'Hérens</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arolla" title="Arolla">Arolla</a>, <a href="/wiki/Euseigne" title="Euseigne">Euseigne</a>, <a href="/wiki/Evol%C3%A8ne" title="Evolène">Evolène</a>, <a href="/wiki/H%C3%A9r%C3%A9mence" title="Hérémence">Hérémence</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mase" title="Mase">Mase</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saint-Martin_(Valais)" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint-Martin (Valais)">Saint-Martin</a></li> <li>4 Vallées ski area: <a href="/wiki/Nendaz" title="Nendaz">Nendaz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Verbier" title="Verbier">Verbier</a>, <a href="/wiki/Veysonnaz" title="Veysonnaz">Veysonnaz</a>, Thyon-Les Collons, Mayens-de-Riddes/La Tzoumaz</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chablais" title="Chablais">Chablais</a> and <a href="/wiki/Portes_du_Soleil" title="Portes du Soleil">Portes du Soleil</a>, <a href="/wiki/Champ%C3%A9ry" title="Champéry">Champéry</a>, <a href="/wiki/Champoussin" title="Champoussin">Champoussin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Morgins" title="Morgins">Morgins</a>, <a href="/wiki/Les_Crosets" title="Les Crosets">Les Crosets</a>, <a href="/wiki/Torgon" title="Torgon">Torgon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Val-d%27Illiez" title="Val-d'Illiez">Val-d'Illiez</a>, <a href="/wiki/Le_Bouveret" title="Le Bouveret">Le Bouveret</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saint-Maurice_(Valais)" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint-Maurice (Valais)">Saint-Maurice</a>, <a href="/wiki/Monthey" title="Monthey">Monthey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Evionnaz" title="Evionnaz">Evionnaz</a>, <a href="/wiki/St._Gingolph" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Gingolph">St. Gingolph</a></li> <li>St. Bernard Region: <a href="/wiki/Les_Mar%C3%A9cottes" title="Les Marécottes">Les Marécottes</a>, Bruson, <a href="/wiki/La_Fouly" title="La Fouly">La Fouly</a>, Champex, Vichères-Liddes</li></ul> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Matterhorn" title="Matterhorn">Matterhorn</a> near <a href="/wiki/Zermatt" title="Zermatt">Zermatt</a> is one of the biggest tourist attractions in the Swiss mountains, as is its sister valley immediately east <a href="/wiki/Saas_Fee" class="mw-redirect" title="Saas Fee">Saas Fee</a>. Other parts of the mountains of the canton further west are popular as well,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> such as the more French-speaking resorts near <a href="/wiki/Verbier" title="Verbier">Verbier</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Evolene" class="mw-redirect" title="Evolene">Evolene</a> and <a href="/wiki/Arolla" title="Arolla">Arolla</a> region. The resorts on the north side of the main Rhône valley are popular, looking out southwards towards the <a href="/wiki/Peninne_Alps" class="mw-redirect" title="Peninne Alps">Peninne Alps</a> and still part of the southern slope of the Bernese Alps, such as the family-oriented resort of <a href="/wiki/Crans-Montana" title="Crans-Montana">Crans-Montana</a>. The resorts in the <a href="/wiki/Goms_(district)" class="mw-redirect" title="Goms (district)">Goms (district)</a> are slightly less known, yet also receive attention during the summer hiking season and the winter <a href="/wiki/Skiing" title="Skiing">ski</a> season.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <table style="margin:1em auto;"> <tbody><tr> <td><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:BisseDuTorrentNeufBridge.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/BisseDuTorrentNeufBridge.jpg/220px-BisseDuTorrentNeufBridge.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/BisseDuTorrentNeufBridge.jpg/330px-BisseDuTorrentNeufBridge.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/BisseDuTorrentNeufBridge.jpg/440px-BisseDuTorrentNeufBridge.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="2248" /></a><figcaption>Hikers on the bisse de <a href="/wiki/Savi%C3%A8se" title="Savièse">Savièse</a></figcaption></figure> </td> <td><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Verbier_Mont_Fort_-_panoramio.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Verbier_Mont_Fort_-_panoramio.jpg/220px-Verbier_Mont_Fort_-_panoramio.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Verbier_Mont_Fort_-_panoramio.jpg/330px-Verbier_Mont_Fort_-_panoramio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Verbier_Mont_Fort_-_panoramio.jpg/440px-Verbier_Mont_Fort_-_panoramio.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>Skiers above <a href="/wiki/Verbier" title="Verbier">Verbier</a></figcaption></figure> </td> <td><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Buildings_in_Zermatt_3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Buildings_in_Zermatt_3.jpg/220px-Buildings_in_Zermatt_3.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Buildings_in_Zermatt_3.jpg/330px-Buildings_in_Zermatt_3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Buildings_in_Zermatt_3.jpg/440px-Buildings_in_Zermatt_3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4122" data-file-height="2994" /></a><figcaption>Tourists strolling the streets of <a href="/wiki/Zermatt" title="Zermatt">Zermatt</a></figcaption></figure> </td> <td><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Col_Durand.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Col_Durand.jpg/220px-Col_Durand.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Col_Durand.jpg/330px-Col_Durand.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Col_Durand.jpg/440px-Col_Durand.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1167" /></a><figcaption>Ski mountaineers resting in front of the <a href="/wiki/Matterhorn" title="Matterhorn">Matterhorn</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dent_d%27H%C3%A9rens" title="Dent d'Hérens">Dent d'Hérens</a></figcaption></figure> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transport">Transport</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Valais&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Transport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Saint-Gingolph_vu_du_ciel.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Saint-Gingolph_vu_du_ciel.jpg/220px-Saint-Gingolph_vu_du_ciel.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Saint-Gingolph_vu_du_ciel.jpg/330px-Saint-Gingolph_vu_du_ciel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Saint-Gingolph_vu_du_ciel.jpg/440px-Saint-Gingolph_vu_du_ciel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="2250" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/St._Gingolph,_Switzerland" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Gingolph, Switzerland">St. Gingolph</a> is one of the only two ports on <a href="/wiki/Lake_Geneva" title="Lake Geneva">Lake Geneva</a>, and the terminus of the Tonkin Railway</figcaption></figure> <p>The only natural low-elevation access to Valais is via the banks of <a href="/wiki/Lake_Geneva" title="Lake Geneva">Lake Geneva</a>, which have several railways and highways leading towards <a href="/wiki/Martigny" title="Martigny">Martigny</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sion,_Switzerland" title="Sion, Switzerland">Sion</a>, and the rest of the canton. The major axis is on the north side of the lake and passes via <a href="/wiki/Lausanne" title="Lausanne">Lausanne</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vevey" title="Vevey">Vevey</a> in the canton of <a href="/wiki/Vaud" title="Vaud">Vaud</a>. From there runs the <a href="/wiki/A9_motorway_(Switzerland)" title="A9 motorway (Switzerland)">A9 motorway</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Simplon_Railway" title="Simplon Railway">Simplon Railway</a>, ultimately leading to Italy via the <a href="/wiki/Simplon_Pass" title="Simplon Pass">Simplon Pass</a> and <a href="/wiki/Simplon_Tunnel" title="Simplon Tunnel">Simplon Tunnel</a> respectively. On the south side of Lake Geneva, from the French border, is only a highway and the historical <a href="/wiki/Saint-Gingolph%E2%80%93Saint-Maurice_railway" title="Saint-Gingolph–Saint-Maurice railway">Tonkin Railway</a>, now operating in Valais only.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The canton is surrounded by high mountains, but some major mountain passes connect it with the rest of Europe. The main road passes are the <a href="/wiki/Grimsel_Pass" title="Grimsel Pass">Grimsel</a> (towards the canton of <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Bern" title="Canton of Bern">Bern</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Swiss_Plateau" title="Swiss Plateau">Swiss Plateau</a>), the <a href="/wiki/Furka_Pass" title="Furka Pass">Furka</a> (Uri), the <a href="/wiki/Nufenen_Pass" title="Nufenen Pass">Nufenen</a> (Ticino), the <a href="/wiki/Simplon_Pass" title="Simplon Pass">Simplon</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Great_St._Bernard_Pass" class="mw-redirect" title="Great St. Bernard Pass">Great St. Bernard</a> (Italy), and the <a href="/wiki/Col_de_la_Forclaz" title="Col de la Forclaz">Forclaz</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Pas_de_Morgins" title="Pas de Morgins">Morgins</a> (France). Also notable are the historical and pedestrian passes of the <a href="/wiki/Sanetsch_Pass" title="Sanetsch Pass">Sanetsch</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rawil_Pass" title="Rawil Pass">Rawil</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gemmi_Pass" title="Gemmi Pass">Gemmi</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/L%C3%B6tschberg" title="Lötschberg">Lötschberg</a>, connecting Valais with the Swiss Plateau, through the <a href="/wiki/Bernese_Oberland" title="Bernese Oberland">Bernese Oberland</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Re485_008-7.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Re485_008-7.jpg/220px-Re485_008-7.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Re485_008-7.jpg/330px-Re485_008-7.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Re485_008-7.jpg/440px-Re485_008-7.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/BLS_AG" title="BLS AG">BLS</a> train descending the summit line of the <a href="/wiki/L%C3%B6tschberg_Railway" class="mw-redirect" title="Lötschberg Railway">Lötschberg Railway</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The Lötschberg, together with the Simplon, is one of the main north–south axes of Switzerland. The historical <a href="/wiki/L%C3%B6tschberg_Railway" class="mw-redirect" title="Lötschberg Railway">Lötschberg Railway</a> opened in 1913. It connects directly <a href="/wiki/Brig_railway_station" title="Brig railway station">Brig</a> to the Swiss Plateau across the <a href="/wiki/Bernese_Alps" title="Bernese Alps">Bernese Alps</a>, via <a href="/wiki/Spiez_railway_station" title="Spiez railway station">Spiez</a> in the canton of Bern, through the high-elevation <a href="/wiki/L%C3%B6tschberg_Tunnel" title="Lötschberg Tunnel">Lötschberg Tunnel</a>. In 2007, the importance of that axis was further increased with the opening of the low-elevation <a href="/wiki/L%C3%B6tschberg_Base_Tunnel" title="Lötschberg Base Tunnel">Lötschberg Base Tunnel</a>, the first high-speed railway connecting Valais to Bern, following essentially the same route, but at the level of the plains. The Lötschberg Base Tunnel was the longest land tunnel in the world when opened, finally opening up Valais to northern Switzerland.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The summit railway, through the historical tunnel, is still used for regional traffic and car transportation across the Lötschberg. The old train line is popular for its highly scenic sections in both cantons on either side of the old tunnel.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Another railway axis connects Valais with central and eastern Switzerland. This is a metre-gauge railway owned by the <a href="/wiki/Matterhorn_Gotthard_Bahn" title="Matterhorn Gotthard Bahn">Matterhorn Gotthard Bahn</a>, which ultimately leads to <a href="/wiki/Disentis" title="Disentis">Disentis</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chur" title="Chur">Chur</a>, from <a href="/wiki/Zermatt" title="Zermatt">Zermatt</a> via <a href="/wiki/Visp_railway_station" title="Visp railway station">Visp</a> and <a href="/wiki/Brig_railway_station" title="Brig railway station">Brig</a>. The main railway goes through the <a href="/wiki/Furka_Base_Tunnel" title="Furka Base Tunnel">Furka Base Tunnel</a> in the extreme east of the canton, with the older <a href="/wiki/Furka_Summit_Tunnel" title="Furka Summit Tunnel">Furka Summit Tunnel</a> being popular for its highly scenic sections as well. The <a href="/wiki/Glacier_Express" title="Glacier Express">Glacier Express</a> directly connects <a href="/wiki/Zermatt" title="Zermatt">Zermatt</a> with <a href="/wiki/St._Moritz" title="St. Moritz">St. Moritz</a>, using both Matterhorn Gotthard Bahn and <a href="/wiki/Rhaetian_Railway" title="Rhaetian Railway">Rhaetian Railway</a> network. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Postauto,_Haltestelle_Simplon_Hospiz,_Hospiz.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Postauto%2C_Haltestelle_Simplon_Hospiz%2C_Hospiz.jpg/220px-Postauto%2C_Haltestelle_Simplon_Hospiz%2C_Hospiz.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Postauto%2C_Haltestelle_Simplon_Hospiz%2C_Hospiz.jpg/330px-Postauto%2C_Haltestelle_Simplon_Hospiz%2C_Hospiz.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Postauto%2C_Haltestelle_Simplon_Hospiz%2C_Hospiz.jpg/440px-Postauto%2C_Haltestelle_Simplon_Hospiz%2C_Hospiz.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4928" data-file-height="3264" /></a><figcaption>A postbus waiting on the summit of the <a href="/wiki/Simplon_Pass" title="Simplon Pass">Simplon Pass</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The canton comprehends a road network, with elevations ranging from that of Lake Geneva at <a href="/wiki/Le_Bouveret" title="Le Bouveret">Le Bouveret</a> to that of the <a href="/wiki/Nufenen_Pass" title="Nufenen Pass">Nufenen Pass</a>, the highest paved road in Valais. The A9, the only motorway, serves the valley up to <a href="/wiki/Sierre" title="Sierre">Sierre</a>, the extension towards <a href="/wiki/Brig-Glis" title="Brig-Glis">Brig</a> being currently<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The time period mentioned near this tag is ambiguous. (August 2023)">when?</span></a></i>]</sup> under construction. All inhabited side valleys are accessible to motorized transport since the 1960s; the high-elevation reservoirs built during those years, notably the <a href="/wiki/Grande_Dixence" class="mw-redirect" title="Grande Dixence">Grande Dixence</a>, necessitating paved roads as well. As in most other cantons, localities are essentially served by <a href="/wiki/PostBus_Switzerland" title="PostBus Switzerland">PostBus Switzerland</a>, which also operates numerous tourist lines on the Alpine passes and to the high-elevation lakes. Martigny, Sion, Sierre and Brig are hubs of public transportation. The winding mountain roads of Valais are very popular with drivers, bikers, and cyclists for their spectacular scenery and are the highlights of competitions such as <a href="/wiki/Tour_de_Suisse" title="Tour de Suisse">Tour de Suisse</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Rallye_International_du_Valais" title="Rallye International du Valais">Rallye International du Valais</a>. For a list of high-elevation paved roads, see <a href="/wiki/List_of_highest_paved_roads_in_Switzerland" title="List of highest paved roads in Switzerland">list of highest paved roads in Switzerland</a>. </p><p>Because of tourism, there are many railways and cable cars in the mountains. Railways serving side valleys are the <a href="/wiki/Aigle%E2%80%93Ollon%E2%80%93Monthey%E2%80%93Champ%C3%A9ry_railway" class="mw-redirect" title="Aigle–Ollon–Monthey–Champéry railway">Aigle–Ollon–Monthey–Champéry railway</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Martigny%E2%80%93Orsi%C3%A8res_Railway" title="Martigny–Orsières Railway">Martigny–Orsières Railway</a> (notably serving <a href="/wiki/Verbier" title="Verbier">Verbier</a>), the <a href="/wiki/Martigny%E2%80%93Ch%C3%A2telard_Railway" title="Martigny–Châtelard Railway">Martigny–Châtelard Railway</a> (serving the <a href="/wiki/Trient_Valley" class="mw-redirect" title="Trient Valley">Trient Valley</a>) and the <a href="/wiki/BVZ_Zermatt-Bahn" class="mw-redirect" title="BVZ Zermatt-Bahn">Visp-Zermatt railway</a>. Above <a href="/wiki/Zermatt" title="Zermatt">Zermatt</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Gornergrat_Railway" title="Gornergrat Railway">Gornergrat Railway</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Klein_Matterhorn" title="Klein Matterhorn">Klein Matterhorn</a> cable car are respectively the highest open-air railway and highest public transport in Europe. </p><p>The Valais has two ports on Lake Geneva served by the <a href="/wiki/Compagnie_G%C3%A9n%C3%A9rale_de_Navigation_sur_le_lac_L%C3%A9man" title="Compagnie Générale de Navigation sur le lac Léman">CGN</a>: <a href="/wiki/St._Gingolph,_Switzerland" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Gingolph, Switzerland">St. Gingolph</a> and <a href="/wiki/Le_Bouveret" title="Le Bouveret">Le Bouveret</a>. The largest airport is located at Sion. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Valais&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_cultural_property_of_national_significance_in_Switzerland:_Valais" title="List of cultural property of national significance in Switzerland: Valais">List of cultural property of national significance in Switzerland: Valais</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Combat_de_reines.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Combat_de_reines.jpg/310px-Combat_de_reines.jpg" decoding="async" width="310" height="174" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Combat_de_reines.jpg/465px-Combat_de_reines.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Combat_de_reines.jpg/620px-Combat_de_reines.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="2412" /></a><figcaption>People gathering at the national <a href="/wiki/Combat_de_Reines" title="Combat de Reines">cow fighting</a> final</figcaption></figure> <p>The size and particular geographical situation of the canton within the Alps helped Valais develop a culture that is distinct from that of the cantons of the Swiss Plateau and the northern Alpine foothills. As a bilingual canton, Valais itself includes some cultural diversity as well. The most common denominator is a strong mountain culture, symbolized by the archetypal tenacious and austere mountain dweller facing the difficult conditions and dangers of nature.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>The people of Valais, from the warlike races that originally inhabited it, are strong and vigorous; they were able, with their remarkable endurance, to make the most of natural resources, the possession of which today assures them an honorable place as much as they deserve among the other better-off peoples of ancient Helvetia. Through its economic development and its commendable progress in all areas of human activity, Valais, faithful to its traditions as well as to its faith, has managed to keep the austerity of ancestral mores, its customs, its naive legends, its rustic costumes, everything that today constitutes its character and originality.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Solandieu</cite></div></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Monuments">Monuments</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Valais&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Monuments"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Stockalper_Palace.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Stockalper_Palace.jpg/220px-Stockalper_Palace.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Stockalper_Palace.jpg/330px-Stockalper_Palace.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Stockalper_Palace.jpg/440px-Stockalper_Palace.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3334" data-file-height="2131" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Stockalper_Palace" title="Stockalper Palace">Stockalper Palace</a> in Brig</figcaption></figure> <p>Many monuments dot the Valais landscape. The best known are the <a href="/wiki/Val%C3%A8re_Basilica" title="Valère Basilica">Valère Basilica</a>, where the oldest organ in the world still playable is found, and the territorial <a href="/wiki/Abbey_of_Saint-Maurice" class="mw-redirect" title="Abbey of Saint-Maurice">Abbey of Saint-Maurice</a>, which dates from the 6th century. Valais has several castles of historical importance, frequently built in formerly strategic locations: <a href="/wiki/Tourbillon_Castle" title="Tourbillon Castle">Tourbillon Castle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saint-Maurice_Castle" title="Saint-Maurice Castle">Saint-Maurice Castle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stockalper_Palace" title="Stockalper Palace">Stockalper Palace</a>, <a href="/wiki/La_B%C3%A2tiaz_Castle" title="La Bâtiaz Castle">La Bâtiaz Castle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Majorie_Castle" title="Majorie Castle">Majorie Castle</a>, the episcopal <a href="/wiki/Leuk_Castle" title="Leuk Castle">Leuk Castle</a> etc. Amongst religious buildings are several churches that present quality architecture, in particular, those due to the architect Ulrich Ruffiner (16th century) who left many buildings between <a href="/wiki/Sion,_Switzerland" title="Sion, Switzerland">Sion</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Goms_(region)" class="mw-redirect" title="Goms (region)">Goms valley</a>: <a href="/wiki/Church_of_St._Th%C3%A9odule,_Sion" title="Church of St. Théodule, Sion">Saint-Théodule</a> church in Sion, the church of <a href="/wiki/Raron" title="Raron">Raron</a> and church of <a href="/wiki/Ernen" title="Ernen">Ernen</a>. In the valley of Goms, are also several notable baroque churches. Contemporary religious architecture has also given rise to interesting buildings, such as the works of the Genevan architect Jean-Marie Ellenberger (1913-1988) in Sierre (Sainte-Croix church) or Verbier. </p><p>In the civil architecture, two hospices, each located at one of the passes leading to Italy, formerly provided food for pilgrims who went to Rome and travelers in general: the <a href="/wiki/Great_St._Bernard_Hospice" class="mw-redirect" title="Great St. Bernard Hospice">Great St. Bernard Hospice</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Simplon_Hospice" title="Simplon Hospice">Simplon Hospice</a>. There are also interesting Roman remains, such as the amphitheater in Martigny. Sion is also a major site of European prehistory.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In particular, are the dolmens of <a href="/wiki/Le_Petit-Chasseur" title="Le Petit-Chasseur">Le Petit-Chasseur</a>, a group of large collective burials dating back to the 3rd millennium BC. Bridges are also an important element of the Valais-built landscape. Due to its mountainous terrain which requires crossing many natural obstacles, the canton has several bridges, old or modern, often daring, including the <a href="/wiki/Gueuroz_Bridge" title="Gueuroz Bridge">Gueuroz Bridge</a> which was once the highest bridge in Europe, and the <a href="/wiki/Ganter_Bridge" title="Ganter Bridge">Ganter Bridge</a>, on the Simplon road. </p><p>Visible from central Valais, the statue of Christ the King in <a href="/wiki/Lens,_Switzerland" title="Lens, Switzerland">Lens</a> recalls the Catholic tradition of the canton. </p><p>Among the most important museums in the canton, the <a href="/wiki/Gianadda_Foundation" class="mw-redirect" title="Gianadda Foundation">Gianadda Foundation</a> in Martigny attracts many visitors from all over Switzerland and neighboring countries. The canton also owns several large museums in Sion, the Cantonal Museum of Fine Arts, the Cantonal History Museum, and the Cantonal Museum of Natural History. Other museums owned by the canton are the Vine and Wine Museum in <a href="/wiki/Salgesch" title="Salgesch">Salgesch</a> and the Museum of Traditions and Boats of Lake Geneva in <a href="/wiki/St._Gingolph,_Switzerland" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Gingolph, Switzerland">St. Gingolph</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gastronomy">Gastronomy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Valais&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Gastronomy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Brisol%C3%A9e_-_F%C3%AAte_de_la_ch%C3%A2taigne.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Brisol%C3%A9e_-_F%C3%AAte_de_la_ch%C3%A2taigne.jpg/220px-Brisol%C3%A9e_-_F%C3%AAte_de_la_ch%C3%A2taigne.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Brisol%C3%A9e_-_F%C3%AAte_de_la_ch%C3%A2taigne.jpg/330px-Brisol%C3%A9e_-_F%C3%AAte_de_la_ch%C3%A2taigne.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Brisol%C3%A9e_-_F%C3%AAte_de_la_ch%C3%A2taigne.jpg/440px-Brisol%C3%A9e_-_F%C3%AAte_de_la_ch%C3%A2taigne.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5089" data-file-height="3393" /></a><figcaption>A Brisolée served with local products and wine</figcaption></figure> <p>Traditional food products of Valais are wines, cheeses, <a href="/wiki/Dried_meat" title="Dried meat">dried meat</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Pain_de_seigle_valaisan" title="Pain de seigle valaisan">rye bread</a>. Wines are essentially produced in the Rhone Valley, but also in the lateral valleys, up to Visperterminen, which has the highest vineyards in the canton. Wines are typically white. Some of the most popular are <a href="/wiki/Fendant" class="mw-redirect" title="Fendant">Fendant</a>, <a href="/wiki/Petite_Arvine" title="Petite Arvine">Petite Arvine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Humagne_Blanche" title="Humagne Blanche">Humagne Blanche</a>, <a href="/wiki/Syrah" title="Syrah">Syrah</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pinot_Noir" class="mw-redirect" title="Pinot Noir">Pinot Noir</a>. The numerous cheeses notably include <a href="/wiki/Raclette" title="Raclette">raclette</a>, which is both a variety of cheese and a dish. Along with <a href="/wiki/Fondue" title="Fondue">fondue</a>, the latter has become an emblematic dish associated with mountain culture. Other dishes of Valais include the <a href="/wiki/Cholera_(food)" title="Cholera (food)">Cholera</a>, a pastry containing various ingredients, and the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Brisol%C3%A9e&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brisolée (page does not exist)">Brisolée</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brisol%C3%A9e" class="extiw" title="fr:Brisolée">fr</a>]</span>, a simple dish consisting of roasted chestnuts eaten along with various local cheeses and charcuterie. The latter is often served in autumn near the chestnut groves of the canton. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Valais&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Le_Nouvelliste_(Switzerland)" title="Le Nouvelliste (Switzerland)">Le Nouvelliste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franco-Proven%C3%A7al_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Franco-Provençal language">Franco-Provençal language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mountains_of_Valais" title="List of mountains of Valais">List of mountains of Valais</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Valais&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Arpitan_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arpitan language">Arpitan</a>: <i lang="frp">Valês</i>; German: <i lang="de">Wallis</i> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="de-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Standard_German" title="Help:IPA/Standard German">[ˈvalɪs]</a></span> <span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-2" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/d\/df\/De-Wallis.ogg\/De-Wallis.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"De-Wallis.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/df/De-Wallis.ogg/De-Wallis.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:De-Wallis.ogg" title="File:De-Wallis.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span>)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">French: <i lang="fr">Canton du Valais</i>; German: <i lang="de">Kanton Wallis</i>; in other official Swiss languages outside Valais: <a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a>: <i lang="it">(Canton) Vallese</i> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="it-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Italian" title="Help:IPA/Italian">[valˈleːze,<span class="wrap"> </span>-eːse]</a></span>; <a href="/wiki/Romansh_language" title="Romansh language">Romansh</a>: <i lang="rm">(Chantun) Vallais</i>.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Valais&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Area_Canton-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Area_Canton_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/de/home/statistiken/raum-umwelt/bodennutzung-bedeckung/gesamtspektrum-regionalen-stufen/Kantone.assetdetail.1420913.html">Arealstatistik Land Cover - Kantone und Grossregionen nach 6 Hauptbereichen</a> accessed 27 October 2017</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Stat2020_VS-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Stat2020_VS_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stat2020_VS_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pxweb.bfs.admin.ch/pxweb/de/px-x-0102020000_201">"Ständige und nichtständige Wohnbevölkerung nach institutionellen Gliederungen, Geburtsort und Staatsangehörigkeit"</a>. <i>bfs.admin.ch</i> (in German). Swiss Federal Statistical Office - STAT-TAB. 31 December 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 September</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=bfs.admin.ch&rft.atitle=St%C3%A4ndige+und+nichtst%C3%A4ndige+Wohnbev%C3%B6lkerung+nach+institutionellen+Gliederungen%2C+Geburtsort+und+Staatsangeh%C3%B6rigkeit&rft.date=2020-12-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pxweb.bfs.admin.ch%2Fpxweb%2Fde%2Fpx-x-0102020000_201&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AValais" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStatistik2021" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Statistik, Bundesamt für (21 January 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bfs.admin.ch/asset/de/15304856">"Bruttoinlandsprodukt (BIP) nach Grossregion und Kanton - 2008-2018 | Tabelle"</a>. <i>Bundesamt für Statistik</i> (in German). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230701163024/https://www.bfs.admin.ch/asset/de/15304856">Archived</a> from the original on 1 July 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 July</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bundesamt+f%C3%BCr+Statistik&rft.atitle=Bruttoinlandsprodukt+%28BIP%29+nach+Grossregion+und+Kanton+-+2008-2018+%7C+Tabelle&rft.date=2021-01-21&rft.aulast=Statistik&rft.aufirst=Bundesamt+f%C3%BCr&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bfs.admin.ch%2Fasset%2Fde%2F15304856&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AValais" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Used on the government website <i>vs.ch</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.espace-mont-blanc.com/en/entities-and-members">"Mont Blanc Transboundary Conference"</a>. <i>www.espace-mont-blanc.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220307114210/https://www.espace-mont-blanc.com/en/entities-and-members">Archived</a> from the original on 2022-03-07<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-03-07</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.espace-mont-blanc.com&rft.atitle=Mont+Blanc+Transboundary+Conference&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.espace-mont-blanc.com%2Fen%2Fentities-and-members&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AValais" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EB_1911-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-EB_1911_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB_1911_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB_1911_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB_1911_8-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="noprint"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/18px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/24px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span> </span>One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCoolidge1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/W._A._B._Coolidge" title="W. A. B. Coolidge">Coolidge, William Augustus Brevoort</a> (1911). "<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Valais" class="extiw" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Valais">Valais</a>". <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 27 (11th ed.). pp. 839–840.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Valais&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=839-840&rft.edition=11th&rft.date=1911&rft.aulast=Coolidge&rft.aufirst=William+Augustus+Brevoort&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AValais" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HDS-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-HDS_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Raron Affair</i> in <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hls-dhs-dss.ch/textes/d/D17017.php"><span title="Raron Affair in German">German</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hls-dhs-dss.ch/textes/f/F17017.php"><span title="Raron Affair in French">French</span></a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hls-dhs-dss.ch/textes/i/I17017.php"><span title="Raron Affair in Italian">Italian</span></a> in the online <i><a href="/wiki/Historical_Dictionary_of_Switzerland" title="Historical Dictionary of Switzerland">Historical Dictionary of Switzerland</a></i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Tithings</i> in <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hls-dhs-dss.ch/textes/d/D9820.php"><span title="Tithings in German">German</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hls-dhs-dss.ch/textes/f/F9820.php"><span title="Tithings in French">French</span></a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hls-dhs-dss.ch/textes/i/I9820.php"><span title="Tithings in Italian">Italian</span></a> in the online <i><a href="/wiki/Historical_Dictionary_of_Switzerland" title="Historical Dictionary of Switzerland">Historical Dictionary of Switzerland</a></i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Valais</i> in <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hls-dhs-dss.ch/textes/d/D7396.php"><span title="Valais in German">German</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hls-dhs-dss.ch/textes/f/F7396.php"><span title="Valais in French">French</span></a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hls-dhs-dss.ch/textes/i/I7396.php"><span title="Valais in Italian">Italian</span></a> in the online <i><a href="/wiki/Historical_Dictionary_of_Switzerland" title="Historical Dictionary of Switzerland">Historical Dictionary of Switzerland</a></i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Simplon (department)</i> in <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hls-dhs-dss.ch/textes/d/D8643.php"><span title="Simplon (department) in German">German</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hls-dhs-dss.ch/textes/f/F8643.php"><span title="Simplon (department) in French">French</span></a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hls-dhs-dss.ch/textes/i/I8643.php"><span title="Simplon (department) in Italian">Italian</span></a> in the online <i><a href="/wiki/Historical_Dictionary_of_Switzerland" title="Historical Dictionary of Switzerland">Historical Dictionary of Switzerland</a></i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.meteoswiss.admin.ch/home/climate/the-climate-of-switzerland/rekorde-schweiz.html">Swiss records</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210418202439/https://www.meteoswiss.admin.ch/home/climate/the-climate-of-switzerland/rekorde-schweiz.html">Archived</a> 18 April 2021 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology MeteoSwiss, "Dryest location: Stalden-Ackersand (VS); 700 m asl; 545 mm"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/travel/article/20210721-switzerlands-gravity-defying-solution">Switzerland's gravity-defying solution</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210812031741/https://www.bbc.com/travel/article/20210721-switzerlands-gravity-defying-solution">Archived</a> 2021-08-12 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a>, 22 July 2021, ("The sight of a scuttling scorpion is a clue to the Valais semi-arid climate, where six species of cactus thrive, alongside figs and snakes.")</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Christian Moser, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sgeo-ge.ch/les-bisses-du-valais-mythes-et-realites-par-christian-moser/">Les bisses du Valais : mythes et réalités</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210810175229/https://sgeo-ge.ch/les-bisses-du-valais-mythes-et-realites-par-christian-moser/">Archived</a> 2021-08-10 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Société de Géographie de Genève, 11 July 2020 ("Si cette zone climatique que les géographes qualifient de semi-aride permet des cultures de céréales sans recours à l’irrigation, elle ne convient toutefois pas à une production intensive de fourrage indispensable à un élevage bovin.")</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Reynard E. (1995). L’irrigation par les bisses en Valais. Approche géographique, in : <i>Les Bisses</i>, Actes du Colloque international sur les bisses, Sion, 15-18 septembre 1994, <i>Annales valaisannes</i>, 70, p. 50. ("Le climat des stations les plus sèches du Valais n'est donc pas aride selon la classification de MARTONNE")</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Michel Desfayes, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://doc.rero.ch/record/24637"><i>Les opuntias du Valais, un problème épineux</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220705192228/http://doc.rero.ch/record/24637">Archived</a> 2022-07-05 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Bulletin de la Murithienne, 2007, no. 125, p. 29-40</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Swisstopo" title="Swisstopo">Swisstopo</a> topographic maps</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Document90142-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Document90142_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090612012604/http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/fr/index/infothek/nomenklaturen/blank/blank/gem_liste/03.Document.90142.xls">"Liste officielle des communes de la Suisse - 01.01.2008"</a>. <i>Office fédéral de la statistique</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/fr/index/infothek/nomenklaturen/blank/blank/gem_liste/03.Document.90142.xls">the original</a> on 12 June 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 December</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Office+f%C3%A9d%C3%A9ral+de+la+statistique&rft.atitle=Liste+officielle+des+communes+de+la+Suisse+-+01.01.2008&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bfs.admin.ch%2Fbfs%2Fportal%2Ffr%2Findex%2Finfothek%2Fnomenklaturen%2Fblank%2Fblank%2Fgem_liste%2F03.Document.90142.xls&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AValais" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Georges Lüdi, Iwar Werlen (Hrsg.):<i>Sprachlandschaft in der Schweiz</i>. Bundesamt für Statistik, Neuchâtel, April 2005.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFederal_Department_of_Statistics2008" class="citation web cs1">Federal Department of Statistics (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081215033605/http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/de/index/themen/01/02/blank/key/raeumliche_verteilung/kantone__gemeinden.html">"Ständige Wohnbevölkerung nach Staatsangehörigkeit, Geschlecht und Kantonen"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/de/index/themen/01/02/blank/key/raeumliche_verteilung/kantone__gemeinden.html">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(Microsoft Excel)</span> on 15 December 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 November</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=St%C3%A4ndige+Wohnbev%C3%B6lkerung+nach+Staatsangeh%C3%B6rigkeit%2C+Geschlecht+und+Kantonen&rft.date=2008&rft.au=Federal+Department+of+Statistics&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bfs.admin.ch%2Fbfs%2Fportal%2Fde%2Findex%2Fthemen%2F01%2F02%2Fblank%2Fkey%2Fraeumliche_verteilung%2Fkantone__gemeinden.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AValais" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Relgion-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Relgion_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kirchenstatistik.spi-sg.ch/entwicklung-der-kirchenmitgliedschaft/#close">"Kirchenmitgliedschaft in der römisch-katholischen und evangelisch-reformierten Kirche nach Kantonen (2017)"</a> (Table 1.4 on the lower part of the page) (in German). SPI St. Gallen. 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200429222506/https://kirchenstatistik.spi-sg.ch/entwicklung-der-kirchenmitgliedschaft/#close">Archived</a> from the original on 29 April 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 February</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Kirchenmitgliedschaft+in+der+r%C3%B6misch-katholischen+und+evangelisch-reformierten+Kirche+nach+Kantonen+%282017%29&rft.date=2018&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fkirchenstatistik.spi-sg.ch%2Fentwicklung-der-kirchenmitgliedschaft%2F%23close&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AValais" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hls-dhs-dss.ch/de/articles/007396/2018-01-11/">"Wallis"</a>. <i>Historisches Lexikon der Schweiz</i> (in German). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220125215825/https://hls-dhs-dss.ch/de/articles/007396/2018-01-11/">Archived</a> from the original on 2022-01-25<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 January</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Historisches+Lexikon+der+Schweiz&rft.atitle=Wallis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhls-dhs-dss.ch%2Fde%2Farticles%2F007396%2F2018-01-11%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AValais" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation report cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160802014002/http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/de/index/themen/17/02/blank/dos/09.html">Nationalratswahlen: Stärke der Parteien nach Kantonen (Schweiz = 100%)</a> (Report). Swiss Federal Statistical Office. 2015. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/de/index/themen/17/02/blank/dos/09.html">the original</a> on 2 August 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 August</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Nationalratswahlen%3A+St%C3%A4rke+der+Parteien+nach+Kantonen+%28Schweiz+%3D+100%25%29&rft.pub=Swiss+Federal+Statistical+Office&rft.date=2015&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bfs.admin.ch%2Fbfs%2Fportal%2Fde%2Findex%2Fthemen%2F17%2F02%2Fblank%2Fdos%2F09.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AValais" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/travel/article/20210721-switzerlands-gravity-defying-solution">"Switzerland's gravity-defying solution"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210812031741/https://www.bbc.com/travel/article/20210721-switzerlands-gravity-defying-solution">Archived</a> from the original on 2021-08-12<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-08-11</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Switzerland%27s+gravity-defying+solution&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Ftravel%2Farticle%2F20210721-switzerlands-gravity-defying-solution&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AValais" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wine-searcher.com/regions-valais">Valais Wine</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120329120301/http://www.wine-searcher.com/regions-valais">Archived</a> 2012-03-29 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> wine-searcher.com</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.valais.ch/en/about-valais/local-products/apricots">The Prince of the Valais orchard</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220307172123/https://www.valais.ch/en/about-valais/local-products/apricots">Archived</a> 2022-03-07 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, valais.ch</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.valais.ch/en/explore/activities">"Explore"</a>. <i>www.valais.ch</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240503181742/https://www.valais.ch/en/explore/activities">Archived</a> from the original on 3 May 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 May</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.valais.ch&rft.atitle=Explore&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.valais.ch%2Fen%2Fexplore%2Factivities&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AValais" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlbert_Duruz_("Solandieu")1910" class="citation book cs1">Albert Duruz ("Solandieu") (1910). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://doc.rero.ch/record/18008"><i>Le Valais pittoresque</i></a>. Léon Martinet. p. 68. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220706084605/http://doc.rero.ch/record/18008">Archived</a> from the original on 2022-07-06<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-04-10</span></span>. <q>Le simple montagnard y combat d'une façon merveilleuse l'aridité du terrain. Son caractère tenace et persévérant, joint à une expérience de chaque jour, à l'observation des lieux, et, l'emploi traditionnel de moyens primitifs et ingénieux, a suffi pour réaliser un travail dont la hardiesse nous frappe de respect et d'étonnement.</q> [The simple mountain dweller fights the aridity of the terrain in a marvelous way. His tenacious and persevering character, combined with daily experience, observation of nature, and the traditional use of primitive and ingenious means, was enough to carry out a work whose boldness strikes us with respect and astonishment.]</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Le+Valais+pittoresque&rft.pages=68&rft.pub=L%C3%A9on+Martinet&rft.date=1910&rft.au=Albert+Duruz+%28%22Solandieu%22%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdoc.rero.ch%2Frecord%2F18008&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AValais" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarie_Trolliet_("Mario")1893" class="citation book cs1">Marie Trolliet ("Mario") (1893). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://doc.rero.ch/record/19720"><i>Le génie des Alpes valaisannes</i></a>. Attinger frères. p. 235. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220410193140/http://doc.rero.ch/record/19720">Archived</a> from the original on 2022-04-10<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-04-10</span></span>. <q>Pas rimailleur, le montagnard valaisan ne chante pas, et siffle encore moins. Pour avoir l'âme ouverte à la poésie, sa voix n'en reste pas moins muette. Ni chants de bravoure, ni chants d'armaillis n'égaient les monotonies de sa marche.</q> [Not a rhymester, the Valais mountain dweller does not sing, and whistles even less. To have a soul open to poetry, his voice remains silent. Neither songs of bravery nor songs of armaillis brighten the monotony of his march.]</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Le+g%C3%A9nie+des+Alpes+valaisannes&rft.pages=235&rft.pub=Attinger+fr%C3%A8res&rft.date=1893&rft.au=Marie+Trolliet+%28%22Mario%22%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdoc.rero.ch%2Frecord%2F19720&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AValais" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Albert Duruz ("Solandieu"), <i>Légendes valaisannes</i>, Léon Martinet, Lausanne (1910), translation of "Le peuple du Valais, issu des races guerrières qui l'habitèrent à l'origine, est fort et vigoureux; il a su, avec sa remarquable endurance, tirer tout le parti possible des ressources naturelles, dont la possession lui assure aujourd'hui une place honorable autant que méritée parmi les autres peuples mieux favorisés, de l'antique Helvétie. À travers son évolution économique et ses louables progrès dans tous les domaines de l'activité humaine, le Valais, fidèle à ses traditions comme à sa foi, a su garder l'austérité de mœurs ancestrales, ses coutumes, ses naïves légendes, ses agrestes costumes, tout ce qui, aujourd'hui, constitue son caractère et son originalité."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hls-dhs-dss.ch/textes/f/F2802.php">"Sion"</a>. <i>hls-dhs-dss.ch</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181127022617/http://www.hls-dhs-dss.ch/textes/f/F2802.php">Archived</a> from the original on 27 November 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=hls-dhs-dss.ch&rft.atitle=Sion&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hls-dhs-dss.ch%2Ftextes%2Ff%2FF2802.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AValais" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Valais&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Canton_of_Valais" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Canton of Valais">Canton of Valais</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/40px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/60px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/80px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikivoyage has a travel guide for <i><b><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Valais#Q834" class="extiw" title="wikivoyage:Valais">Valais</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vs.ch">Cantonal government</a> <span class="languageicon">(in French and German)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.valais.ch/en/home">Official information from Valais/Wallis Promotion</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/en/index/regionen/kantone/vs/key.html">Official statistics</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output 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template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Cantons_and_capitals_of_Switzerland_Three_CantonsEight_CantonsThirteen_CantonsFlags_and_coats_of_arms" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Cantons_of_Switzerland" title="Cantons of Switzerland">Cantons and capitals of Switzerland</a><br /><div class="hlist"><ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"> <i><a href="/wiki/Waldst%C3%A4tte" title="Waldstätte">Three Cantons</a></i></span></li><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><i><a href="/wiki/Eight_Cantons" class="mw-redirect" title="Eight Cantons">Eight Cantons</a></i></span></li><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><i><a href="/wiki/Thirteen_Cantons" class="mw-redirect" title="Thirteen Cantons">Thirteen Cantons</a></i></span></li><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Flags_and_arms_of_cantons_of_Switzerland" title="Flags and arms of cantons of Switzerland">Flags and coats of arms</a></span></li></ul></div></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Present-day cantons</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aargau" title="Aargau">Aargau (AG)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Appenzell_Ausserrhoden" title="Appenzell Ausserrhoden">Appenzell Ausserrhoden (AR)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Appenzell_Innerrhoden" title="Appenzell Innerrhoden">Appenzell Innerrhoden (AI)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basel-Landschaft" title="Basel-Landschaft">Basel-Landschaft (BL)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basel-Stadt" title="Basel-Stadt">Basel-Stadt (BS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Bern" title="Canton of Bern">Bern (BE)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Fribourg" title="Canton of Fribourg">Fribourg (FR)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Geneva" title="Canton of Geneva">Geneva (GE)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Glarus" title="Canton of Glarus">Glarus (GL)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grisons" title="Grisons">Grisons (GR)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Jura" title="Canton of Jura">Jura (JU)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Lucerne" title="Canton of Lucerne">Lucerne (LU)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Neuch%C3%A2tel" title="Canton of Neuchâtel">Neuchâtel (NE)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nidwalden" title="Nidwalden">Nidwalden (NW)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obwalden" title="Obwalden">Obwalden (OW)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Schaffhausen" title="Canton of Schaffhausen">Schaffhausen (SH)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Schwyz" title="Canton of Schwyz">Schwyz (SZ)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Solothurn" title="Canton of Solothurn">Solothurn (SO)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_St._Gallen" title="Canton of St. Gallen">St. Gallen (SG)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thurgau" title="Thurgau">Thurgau (TG)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ticino" title="Ticino">Ticino (TI)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Uri" title="Canton of Uri">Uri (UR)</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Valais (VS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaud" title="Vaud">Vaud (VD)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Zug" title="Canton of Zug">Zug (ZG)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Z%C3%BCrich" class="mw-redirect" title="Canton of Zürich">Zürich (ZH)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Capitals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aarau" title="Aarau">Aarau (AG)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Altdorf,_Uri" title="Altdorf, Uri">Altdorf (UR)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Appenzell_(village)" title="Appenzell (village)">Appenzell (AI)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basel" title="Basel">Basel (BS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bellinzona" title="Bellinzona">Bellinzona (TI)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bern" title="Bern">Bern (BE)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chur" title="Chur">Chur (GR)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Del%C3%A9mont" title="Delémont">Delémont (JU)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frauenfeld" title="Frauenfeld">Frauenfeld (TG)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fribourg" title="Fribourg">Fribourg (FR)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geneva" title="Geneva">Geneva (GE)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glarus" title="Glarus">Glarus (GL)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herisau" title="Herisau">Herisau (AR)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lausanne" title="Lausanne">Lausanne (VD)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liestal" title="Liestal">Liestal (BL)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucerne" title="Lucerne">Lucerne (LU)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neuch%C3%A2tel" title="Neuchâtel">Neuchâtel (NE)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarnen" title="Sarnen">Sarnen (OW)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schaffhausen" title="Schaffhausen">Schaffhausen (SH)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schwyz" title="Schwyz">Schwyz (SZ)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sion,_Switzerland" title="Sion, Switzerland">Sion (VS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solothurn" title="Solothurn">Solothurn (SO)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stans" title="Stans">Stans (NW)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Gallen" title="St. Gallen">St. Gallen (SG)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zug" title="Zug">Zug (ZG)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zurich" title="Zurich">Zurich (ZH)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Historical cantons</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Appenzell" title="Appenzell">Appenzell (-1597)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Basel" title="Canton of Basel">Basel (-1833)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outer_Schwyz" title="Outer Schwyz">Outer Schwyz (-1833)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unterwalden" title="Unterwalden">Unterwalden (-15th century)</a></li> <li><i>Helvetic Republic</i> (-1803): <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Baden" title="Canton of Baden">Baden</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Bellinzona" title="Canton of Bellinzona">Bellinzona</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Fricktal" title="Canton of Fricktal">Fricktal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_L%C3%A9man" title="Canton of Léman">Léman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Linth" title="Canton of Linth">Linth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Lugano" title="Canton of Lugano">Lugano</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Oberland" title="Canton of Oberland">Oberland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Raetia" title="Canton of Raetia">Raetia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_S%C3%A4ntis" title="Canton of Säntis">Säntis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Waldst%C3%A4tten" title="Canton of Waldstätten">Waldstätten</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists by topic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cantonal_legislatures_of_Switzerland" title="List of cantonal legislatures of Switzerland">Legislatures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cantonal_executives_of_Switzerland" title="List of cantonal executives of Switzerland">Executives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Swiss_cantons_by_GRP" title="List of Swiss cantons by GRP">By gross regional product (GRP)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Swiss_cantons_by_elevation" title="List of Swiss cantons by elevation">By elevation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Switzerland_articles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Switzerland_topics" title="Template:Switzerland topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Switzerland_topics" title="Template talk:Switzerland topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Switzerland_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Switzerland topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Switzerland_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a> <a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Switzerland" title="Outline of Switzerland">articles</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><b>Major topics</b></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Switzerland" title="History of Switzerland">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Swiss_history" title="Timeline of Swiss history">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enlargement_of_Switzerland" class="mw-redirect" title="Enlargement of Switzerland">Enlargement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_history_of_Switzerland" title="Early history of Switzerland">Early history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Switzerland_in_the_Roman_era" title="Switzerland in the Roman era">Roman era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Swiss_Confederacy" title="Old Swiss Confederacy">Old Confederacy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Charter_of_1291" title="Federal Charter of 1291">Federal Charter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%BCtli_Oath" title="Rütli Oath">Rütli Oath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Growth_of_the_Old_Swiss_Confederacy" title="Growth of the Old Swiss Confederacy">Growth</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reformation_in_Switzerland" title="Reformation in Switzerland">Reformation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_Modern_Switzerland" class="mw-redirect" title="Early Modern Switzerland">Early Modern era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Switzerland_in_the_Napoleonic_era" title="Switzerland in the Napoleonic era">Napoleonic era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Restoration_and_Regeneration_in_Switzerland" title="Restoration and Regeneration in Switzerland">Restoration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Switzerland_as_a_federal_state" title="Switzerland as a federal state">Federal state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Switzerland_during_the_World_Wars" class="mw-redirect" title="Switzerland during the World Wars">World wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_history_of_Switzerland" title="Modern history of Switzerland">Modern history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Switzerland" title="Military history of Switzerland">Military history</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_wars_involving_Switzerland" title="List of wars involving Switzerland">list of wars</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historiography_of_Switzerland" title="Historiography of Switzerland">Historiography</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_Arms_of_Switzerland_(Pantone).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Coat_of_Arms_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/80px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="89" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Coat_of_Arms_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/120px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Coat_of_Arms_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/160px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="604" data-file-height="669" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Switzerland" title="Geography of Switzerland">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Physiographic areas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_Alps" title="Swiss Alps">Swiss Alps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_Plateau" title="Swiss Plateau">Swiss Plateau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jura_Mountains" title="Jura Mountains">Jura Mountains</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Subdivisions_of_Switzerland" title="Subdivisions of Switzerland">Subdivisions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cantons_of_Switzerland" title="Cantons of Switzerland">Cantons</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Appenzell_Innerrhoden" title="Appenzell Innerrhoden">AI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aargau" title="Aargau">AG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Appenzell_Ausserrhoden" title="Appenzell Ausserrhoden">AR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Bern" title="Canton of Bern">BE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basel-Landschaft" title="Basel-Landschaft">BL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basel-Stadt" title="Basel-Stadt">BS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Fribourg" title="Canton of Fribourg">FR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Geneva" title="Canton of Geneva">GE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Glarus" title="Canton of Glarus">GL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grisons" title="Grisons">GR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Jura" title="Canton of Jura">JU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Lucerne" title="Canton of Lucerne">LU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Neuch%C3%A2tel" title="Canton of Neuchâtel">NE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nidwalden" title="Nidwalden">NW</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obwalden" title="Obwalden">OW</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_St._Gallen" title="Canton of St. Gallen">SG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Schaffhausen" title="Canton of Schaffhausen">SH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Solothurn" title="Canton of Solothurn">SO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Schwyz" title="Canton of Schwyz">SZ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thurgau" title="Thurgau">TG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ticino" title="Ticino">TI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Uri" title="Canton of Uri">UR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaud" title="Vaud">VD</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">VS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Zug" title="Canton of Zug">ZG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Zurich" title="Canton of Zurich">ZH</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Switzerland" title="Districts of Switzerland">Districts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_Switzerland" title="Municipalities of Switzerland">Municipalities</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Switzerland" title="List of cities in Switzerland">list of cities and towns</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NUTS_statistical_regions_of_Switzerland" title="NUTS statistical regions of Switzerland">Statistical regions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">By topic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Switzerland" class="mw-redirect" title="Climate of Switzerland">Climate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_earthquakes_in_Switzerland" title="List of earthquakes in Switzerland">Earthquakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_extreme_points_of_Switzerland" title="List of extreme points of Switzerland">Extreme points</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Switzerland" title="Fauna of Switzerland">Fauna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forests_of_Switzerland" title="Forests of Switzerland">Forests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_glaciers_in_Switzerland" title="List of glaciers in Switzerland">Glaciers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydrology_of_Switzerland" title="Hydrology of Switzerland">Hydrology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Switzerland" title="List of islands of Switzerland">Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lakes_of_Switzerland" title="List of lakes of Switzerland">Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mountain_passes_in_Switzerland" title="List of mountain passes in Switzerland">Mountain passes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_prominent_mountains_of_Switzerland" title="List of prominent mountains of Switzerland">Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nature_parks_in_Switzerland" title="Nature parks in Switzerland">Parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Switzerland" title="List of rivers of Switzerland">Rivers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Switzerland" title="Politics of Switzerland">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Subdivisions_of_Switzerland" title="Subdivisions of Switzerland">Administrative divisions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_Federal_Constitution" title="Swiss Federal Constitution">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_courts_of_Switzerland" title="Federal courts of Switzerland">Courts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Supreme_Court_of_Switzerland" title="Federal Supreme Court of Switzerland">Supreme Court</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Switzerland" title="Elections in Switzerland">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Switzerland" title="Foreign relations of Switzerland">Foreign relations</a></li> <li>Government <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Council_(Switzerland)" title="Federal Council (Switzerland)">Federal Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Swiss_Confederation" title="President of the Swiss Confederation">President of the Confederation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_administration_of_Switzerland" title="Federal administration of Switzerland">Federal administration</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Switzerland" title="Human rights in Switzerland">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Switzerland" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Switzerland">LGBT</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landsgemeinde" title="Landsgemeinde">Landsgemeinde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Switzerland" title="Law of Switzerland">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Switzerland" title="Law enforcement in Switzerland">Law enforcement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_Armed_Forces" title="Swiss Armed Forces">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Redoubt_(Switzerland)" title="National Redoubt (Switzerland)">National Redoubt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_neutrality" title="Swiss neutrality">Neutrality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Assembly_(Switzerland)" title="Federal Assembly (Switzerland)">Parliament</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Council_(Switzerland)" title="National Council (Switzerland)">National Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_States_(Switzerland)" title="Council of States (Switzerland)">Council of States</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Switzerland" title="List of political parties in Switzerland">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_initiative_in_Switzerland" title="Popular initiative in Switzerland">Popular initiative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voting_in_Switzerland" title="Voting in Switzerland">Voting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_decree" title="Federal decree">Federal decree</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Switzerland" title="Economy of Switzerland">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_Switzerland" title="Economic history of Switzerland">Economic history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Switzerland" title="Agriculture in Switzerland">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banking_in_Switzerland" title="Banking in Switzerland">Banking</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_National_Bank" title="Swiss National Bank">Central bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_banks_in_Switzerland" title="List of banks in Switzerland">Private banks</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_companies_of_Switzerland" title="List of companies of Switzerland">Companies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Switzerland" title="Energy in Switzerland">Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_franc" title="Swiss franc">Franc <span style="font-size:85%;">(currency)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pharmaceutical_industry_in_Switzerland" class="mw-redirect" title="Pharmaceutical industry in Switzerland">Pharmaceutical industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_and_technology_in_Switzerland" title="Science and technology in Switzerland">Science and technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SIX_Swiss_Exchange" title="SIX Swiss Exchange">Stock exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_made" title="Swiss made">Swiss made</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxation_in_Switzerland" title="Taxation in Switzerland">Taxation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Switzerland" title="Telecommunications in Switzerland">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Switzerland" title="Tourism in Switzerland">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trade_unions_in_Switzerland" title="Trade unions in Switzerland">Trade unions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Switzerland" title="Transport in Switzerland">Transport</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_airports_in_Switzerland" title="List of airports in Switzerland">air</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_Switzerland" title="Rail transport in Switzerland">rail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Swiss_main_roads" title="List of Swiss main roads">road</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waste_management_in_Switzerland" title="Waste management in Switzerland">Waste management</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_Switzerland" title="Category:Society of Switzerland">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Switzerland" title="Abortion in Switzerland">Abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capital_punishment_in_Switzerland" title="Capital punishment in Switzerland">Capital punishment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conscription_in_Switzerland" title="Conscription in Switzerland">Conscription</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corruption_in_Switzerland" title="Corruption in Switzerland">Corruption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Switzerland" title="Crime in Switzerland">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Switzerland" title="Demographics of Switzerland">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Switzerland" title="Education in Switzerland">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euthanasia_in_Switzerland" title="Euthanasia in Switzerland">Euthanasia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firearms_regulation_in_Switzerland" title="Firearms regulation in Switzerland">Firearms regulation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_in_Switzerland" title="Health in Switzerland">Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Switzerland" title="Healthcare in Switzerland">Healthcare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_Switzerland" title="Homelessness in Switzerland">Homelessness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_trafficking_in_Switzerland" title="Human trafficking in Switzerland">Human trafficking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_Switzerland" title="Immigration to Switzerland">Immigration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pension_system_in_Switzerland" title="Pension system in Switzerland">Pensions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_prisons_in_Switzerland" title="List of prisons in Switzerland">Prisons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_Switzerland" title="Poverty in Switzerland">Poverty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prostitution_in_Switzerland" title="Prostitution in Switzerland">Prostitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_security_in_Switzerland" title="Social security in Switzerland">Social security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_people" title="Swiss people">Swiss people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_Welfare_Policy_in_Switzerland" title="Public Welfare Policy in Switzerland">Welfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Switzerland" title="Women in Switzerland">Women</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Switzerland" title="Culture of Switzerland">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_Psalm" title="Swiss Psalm">Anthem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Switzerland" title="Architecture of Switzerland">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Switzerland" title="Cinema of Switzerland">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Switzerland" title="Coat of arms of Switzerland">Coat of arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_cuisine" title="Swiss cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Switzerland" title="Flag of Switzerland">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_folklore" title="Swiss folklore">Folklore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helvetia" title="Helvetia">Helvetia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Switzerland" title="Languages of Switzerland">Languages</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_Standard_German" title="Swiss Standard German">German</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_French" title="Swiss French">French</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_Italian" title="Swiss Italian">Italian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romansh_language" title="Romansh language">Romansh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%B6stigraben" title="Röstigraben">Röstigraben</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_literature" title="Swiss literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_media_in_Switzerland" title="Mass media in Switzerland">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Switzerland" title="Music of Switzerland">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Switzerland" title="Public holidays in Switzerland">Public holidays</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_National_Day" title="Swiss National Day">National Day</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Switzerland" title="Religion in Switzerland">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Switzerland" title="Sport in Switzerland">Sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_symbols_of_Switzerland" title="National symbols of Switzerland">Symbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_Inventory_of_Cultural_Property_of_National_and_Regional_Significance" title="Swiss Inventory of Cultural Property of National and Regional Significance">Cultural Property of National Significance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Switzerland" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Switzerland">World Heritage Sites</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="font-weight:bold;"><div><div style="margin-bottom:-0.4em;"><ul><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Switzerland" title="Outline of Switzerland">Outline</a></span></li><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Switzerland" title="Outline of Switzerland">Index</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Switzerland" title="Category:Switzerland">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Switzerland" title="Portal:Switzerland">Portal</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-item{display:inline-block;margin:0.15em 0.2em;min-height:24px;line-height:24px}@media screen and (max-width:768px){.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;flex-flow:column wrap;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{text-align:center;flex:0;padding-left:0.5em;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;align-items:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;align-items:center;flex:0;column-gap:1em;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0 auto;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{border-top:none;margin:0;list-style:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><span class="portal-bar-header"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portal</a>:</span><ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Switzerland.svg/19px-Flag_of_Switzerland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Switzerland.svg/29px-Flag_of_Switzerland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Switzerland.svg/38px-Flag_of_Switzerland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Switzerland" title="Portal:Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li></ul></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q834#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q834#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q834#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, 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0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4064466-2">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n80104828">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11937449m">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11937449m">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Valais (Švýcarsko)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge172492&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000763525&local_base=nsk10">Croatia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007555059405171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/e1384603-3a9e-4427-ac2d-4b8473e8e32c">MusicBrainz area</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/031843530">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hls-dhs-dss.ch/fr/articles/007396">Historical Dictionary of Switzerland</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Valais&oldid=1258025659">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Valais&oldid=1258025659</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Valais" title="Category:Valais">Valais</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Cantons_of_Switzerland" title="Category:Cantons of Switzerland">Cantons of Switzerland</a></li><li><a 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