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data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Conteníu</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">mover a la barra llateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">despintar</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Entamu</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Carauterístiques" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Carauterístiques"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Carauterístiques</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Carauterístiques-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-L'acebache_nel_mundu_antiguu" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#L'acebache_nel_mundu_antiguu"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>L'acebache nel mundu antiguu</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-L'acebache_nel_mundu_antiguu-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Usos" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Usos"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Usos</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Usos-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Procedencia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Procedencia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Procedencia</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Procedencia-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Alternar subsección Procedencia</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Procedencia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Acebache_na_Península_Ibérica" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Acebache_na_Península_Ibérica"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Acebache na Península Ibérica</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Acebache_na_Península_Ibérica-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Acebache_nel_Reinu_Xuníu" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Acebache_nel_Reinu_Xuníu"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Acebache nel Reinu Xuníu</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Acebache_nel_Reinu_Xuníu-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referencies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referencies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Referencies</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referencies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Enllaces_esternos" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Enllaces_esternos"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Enllaces esternos</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Enllaces_esternos-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Conteníu" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Tabla de conteníos" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Cambiar a la tabla de contenidos" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Cambiar a la tabla de contenidos</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Acebache</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Ir a un artículo en otro idioma. Disponible en 42 idiomas" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-42" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">42 llingües</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%AC%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%AA_(%D8%AD%D8%AC%D8%B1_%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%85)" title="ليجنيت (حجر كريم) – árabe" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ليجنيت (حجر كريم)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="árabe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Гагат – bielorrusu" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Гагат" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bielorrusu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Гагат – búlgaru" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Гагат" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="búlgaru" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atzabeja" title="Atzabeja – catalán" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Atzabeja" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalán" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gag%C3%A1t" title="Gagát – checu" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Gagát" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="checu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muchudd" title="Muchudd – galés" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Muchudd" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="galés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jet-sten" title="Jet-sten – danés" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Jet-sten" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gagat" title="Gagat – alemán" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Gagat" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemán" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%93%CE%B1%CE%B3%CE%AC%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82" title="Γαγάτης – griegu" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Γαγάτης" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="griegu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jet_(gemstone)" title="Jet (gemstone) – inglés" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Jet (gemstone)" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gagato" title="Gagato – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Gagato" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azabache" title="Azabache – español" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Azabache" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="español" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gagaat" title="Gagaat – estoniu" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Gagaat" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estoniu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arbeltx" title="Arbeltx – vascu" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Arbeltx" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="vascu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%A8%D9%82" title="شبق – persa" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="شبق" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gagaatti" title="Gagaatti – finlandés" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Gagaatti" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jais" title="Jais – francés" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Jais" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaing" title="Gaing – irlandés" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Gaing" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acibeche" title="Acibeche – gallegu" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Acibeche" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="gallegu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gagat" title="Gagat – croata" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Gagat" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croata" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B3%D5%A1%D5%A3%D5%A1%D5%BF" title="Գագատ – armeniu" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Գագատ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeniu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gagato" title="Gagato – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Gagato" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svartaraf" title="Svartaraf – islandés" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Svartaraf" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giaietto" title="Giaietto – italianu" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Giaietto" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italianu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%BB%92%E7%8E%89" title="黒玉 – xaponés" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="黒玉" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="xaponés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%92%E1%83%98%E1%83%A8%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="გიშერი – xeorxanu" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="გიშერი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="xeorxanu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%9D%91%EC%98%A5" title="흑옥 – coreanu" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="흑옥" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreanu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Гагат – kirguistanín" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Гагат" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirguistanín" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gagatas" title="Gagatas – lituanu" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Gagatas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituanu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Git_(mineralo%C3%AFde)" title="Git (mineraloïde) – neerlandés" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Git (mineraloïde)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gagat" title="Gagat – noruegu Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Gagat" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="noruegu Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jet_(lignitt)" title="Jet (lignitt) – noruegu Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Jet (lignitt)" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="noruegu Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gagat" title="Gagat – polacu" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Gagat" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polacu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azeviche" title="Azeviche – portugués" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Azeviche" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugués" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Гагат – rusu" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Гагат" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rusu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jet_(lignite)" title="Jet (lignite) – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Jet (lignite)" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Гагат – serbiu" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Гагат" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbiu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beckkol" title="Beckkol – suecu" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Beckkol" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suecu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oltu_ta%C5%9F%C4%B1" title="Oltu taşı – turcu" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Oltu taşı" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turcu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Гагат – ucraín" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Гагат" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraín" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gagat" title="Gagat – uzbequistanín" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Gagat" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbequistanín" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%85%A4%E7%B2%BE" title="煤精 – chinu" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="煤精" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chinu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q543694#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Editar los enllaces d'interllingua" class="wbc-editpage">Editar los enllaces</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Espacios de nome"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Acebache" title="Ver la páxina de conteníu [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Páxina</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alderique:Acebache&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Alderique tocante al conteníu de la páxina (la páxina nun esiste) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Alderique</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Cambiar variante de idioma" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">asturianu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Vistes"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Acebache"><span>Lleer</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Acebache&veaction=edit" title="Editar esta páxina [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Editar</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Acebache&action=edit" title="Editar el códigu fonte d'esta páxina [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Editar la fonte</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Checked.svg/20px-Checked.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Checked.svg/30px-Checked.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Checked.svg/40px-Checked.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="40" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">De Wikipedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ast" dir="ltr"><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Ficheru:Tonnenarmbaender.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Tonnenarmbaender.JPG/250px-Tonnenarmbaender.JPG" decoding="async" width="250" height="103" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Tonnenarmbaender.JPG/500px-Tonnenarmbaender.JPG 1.5x" data-file-width="1874" data-file-height="775" /></a><figcaption>Antiguos brazaletes d'acebache.</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Ficheru:Pendeloque_en_lignite_Marsoulas_MHNT.PRE.2012.0.6.95.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Pendeloque_en_lignite_Marsoulas_MHNT.PRE.2012.0.6.95.jpg/250px-Pendeloque_en_lignite_Marsoulas_MHNT.PRE.2012.0.6.95.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="201" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Pendeloque_en_lignite_Marsoulas_MHNT.PRE.2012.0.6.95.jpg/500px-Pendeloque_en_lignite_Marsoulas_MHNT.PRE.2012.0.6.95.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="5516" data-file-height="4428" /></a><figcaption>Colgante n'acebache, Magdaleniense MHNT</figcaption></figure> <p>L'<b>acebache</b><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ye un <a href="/wiki/Mineraloide" title="Mineraloide">mineraloide</a> de color negru brillante. Ye una escasa variedá de carbón húmicu formáu nel periodu <a href="/wiki/Xur%C3%A1sicu" title="Xurásicu">xurásicu</a> y <a href="/wiki/Cret%C3%A1cicu" class="mw-redirect" title="Cretácicu">cretácicu</a>, polo que s'usa como <a href="/wiki/Xema_(xeolox%C3%ADa)" title="Xema (xeoloxía)">piedra semipreciosa</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Orixinóse a partir de tueros d'<a href="/wiki/%C3%81rbol" title="Árbol">árboles</a> de les fámilies Araucarácees o Protopinácees soterraos y sometíos a altes presiones.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> El nome asturianu acebache, remanez d'una pallabra d'orixe <a href="/wiki/%C3%81rabe" title="Árabe">árabe</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Carauterístiques"><span id="Carauter.C3.ADstiques"></span>Carauterístiques</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Acebache&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Editar seición: Carauterístiques" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Acebache&action=edit&section=1" title="Editar el código fuente de la sección: Carauterístiques"><span>editar la fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>L'acebache ye compautu, nidiu al tactu, llixeru y abondo blandu (alredor de 2,35 na escala de Mohs), tien quiebra concoidea y color de raya pardu escuru. Ambura produciendo enforma fumu, despidiendo golor bituminosu y dacuando fedientu. La so densidá bazcuya ente 1,2 y 1,3 g/cm³. Ta formáu por un amiestu heteroxéneu de material <a href="/wiki/Carb%C3%B3n" title="Carbón">carbonáceu</a> orgánicu y materia mineral, constituyida principalmente por vitrinita, compuestu orgánicu que remanez de la lignina, la celulosa y otros compuestos presentes nes plantes vasculares con granes. </p><p>Ye un material bien fráxil, polo que la so estraición siempres foi artesanal, siendo de talla difícil cuando s'intenten esculpir figures con abondosos detalles y calaos. Esta circunstancia dotó al arte de l'acebachería d'escasos márxenes espresivos. Trabáyase con llima y tornu, adquiriendo por aciu d'na pulimentación afecha un rellumu intensu que nun escai col pasu del tiempu. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="L'acebache_nel_mundu_antiguu"><span id="L.27acebache_nel_mundu_antiguu"></span>L'acebache nel mundu antiguu</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Acebache&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Editar seición: L'acebache nel mundu antiguu" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Acebache&action=edit&section=2" title="Editar el código fuente de la sección: L'acebache nel mundu antiguu"><span>editar la fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Ficheru:TRISQUEL_P7193471.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/TRISQUEL_P7193471.jpg/250px-TRISQUEL_P7193471.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="332" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/TRISQUEL_P7193471.jpg/500px-TRISQUEL_P7193471.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="771" data-file-height="1024" /></a><figcaption>Medallón d'Acebache de Oles, motivos celtes, Acebache y plata..</figcaption></figure> <p>Nel mundu antiguu denomábase <i>succinum nigrum</i>, oldeándose-y al <a href="/wiki/%C3%81mbare" title="Ámbare">ámbare</a> o succino, col qu'apaez acomuñáu frecuentemente. Tamién se-y llamó <i>lapis gagates</i>, denominación usada ente otros pol naturalista <a href="/wiki/Pliniu%27l_Vieyu" class="mw-redirect" title="Pliniu'l Vieyu">Pliniu'l Vieyu</a> y per <a href="/wiki/Isidoru_de_Sevilla" title="Isidoru de Sevilla">San Isidoru</a>, autor que, na so obra <i>Etimoloxíes</i>, esclaria la razón: «Gagates ye una piedra atopada de primeres en Licia, <a href="/wiki/Anatolia" title="Anatolia">Asia Menor</a> (<a href="/wiki/Turqu%C3%ADa" title="Turquía">Turquía</a>) que ye refundiada a la vera pel ríu Gagas, y d'ende vien-y el nome; hai munches en <a href="/wiki/Breta%C3%B1a" title="Bretaña">Bretaña</a>. Ye una piedra negra, plana, nidia y ambura aplicada al fueu. Los escritos fechos col barru d'esta piedra nun se borren...» Nel presente, la llocalidá turca de Oltu, un distritu de la provincia de Erzurum, ye onde más s'estrayi y ellabórase esta <a href="/wiki/Xema_(xeolox%C3%ADa)" title="Xema (xeoloxía)">xema</a> en Turquía y ye homónima con ella. (En <a href="/wiki/Turcu" title="Turcu">turcu</a> acebache ye <i>Oltu taşı</i> que significa “piedra d'Oltu”.) </p><p>Topóse en restos <a href="/wiki/Neol%C3%ADticu" title="Neolíticu">neolíticos</a>, en <a href="/wiki/T%C3%BAmulu" title="Túmulu">túmulos</a> y so <a href="/wiki/Dolmen" title="Dolmen">dólmenes</a>; en dalgunos d'ellos recuperáronse más de cien cuntes d'acebache lo que confirma yera una posesión d'enforma valor al qu'atribuyíen un innegable calter proteutor hai yá dellos miles d'años. Les xoyes d'acebache foron bien apreciaes polos <a href="/wiki/Antiguu_Exiptu" class="mw-redirect" title="Antiguu Exiptu">Exipcios</a>, Fenicios, <a href="/wiki/Etruscos" title="Etruscos">Etruscos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Antigua_Roma" title="Antigua Roma">Romanos</a> y los <a href="/wiki/Viquingu" title="Viquingu">Viquingos</a>, magar que la cuenta más antigua apaez nun colgante d'acebache na Cueva de les Caldes (<a href="/wiki/Uvi%C3%A9u" title="Uviéu">Uviéu</a>), nun nivel perteneciente al Solutrense Cimeru, datáu en redol al 17.000 BP -enantes del presente-, esto ye 15.000 años enantes de <a href="/wiki/Cristu" class="mw-redirect" title="Cristu">Cristu</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Usos">Usos</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Acebache&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Editar seición: Usos" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Acebache&action=edit&section=3" title="Editar el código fuente de la sección: Usos"><span>editar la fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Úsase en xoyería pa faer pieces de gran guapura, colgantes, camafeos, collares, aniellos, xunto con materiales como <a href="/wiki/Madera" title="Madera">maderes</a> nobles, <a href="/wiki/Xema_(xeolox%C3%ADa)" title="Xema (xeoloxía)">piedres precioses</a> o semiprecioses y metales preciosos. Coles pieces de mayor tamañu fáense talles. </p><p>Mientres miles d'años al acebache atribuyóse-y un calter proteutor escontra tou mal, y ta consideráu como'l talismán del <a href="/wiki/Cam%C3%ADn_de_Santiago" title="Camín de Santiago">Camín de Santiago</a>, el proteutor del <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pelegr%C3%ADn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pelegrín (la páxina nun esiste)">pelegrín</a>, la piedra máxica, l'emblema xacobéu. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Procedencia">Procedencia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Acebache&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Editar seición: Procedencia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Acebache&action=edit&section=4" title="Editar el código fuente de la sección: Procedencia"><span>editar la fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>El meyor acebache del mundu, xunto col de Whitby, ye'l d'Asturies, <a href="/wiki/Espa%C3%B1a" title="España">España</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Otros acebaches vienen de Teruel (<a href="/wiki/Cret%C3%A1cicu" class="mw-redirect" title="Cretácicu">Cretácicu</a>), Francia, Alemaña y Bulgaria, Georxa, Turquía (Cretácicu), Estaos Xuníos -Nuevu Méxicu y Dakota del Sur, Colorado, y Venezuela. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Acebache_na_Península_Ibérica"><span id="Acebache_na_Pen.C3.ADnsula_Ib.C3.A9rica"></span>Acebache na Península Ibérica</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Acebache&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Editar seición: Acebache na Península Ibérica" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Acebache&action=edit&section=5" title="Editar el código fuente de la sección: Acebache na Península Ibérica"><span>editar la fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Con un color negru intensu, testura y durez incomparable, ye estrayíu na zona denominada la Marina, na Mariña Xurásica Asturiana, ente <a href="/wiki/Xix%C3%B3n" title="Xixón">Xixón</a> y <a href="/wiki/Ribeseya" title="Ribeseya">Ribesella</a>, na zona d'Oles, <a href="/wiki/Villaviciosa" title="Villaviciosa">Villaviciosa</a>, dende onde hai más de cien años esportábase a Inglaterra. Foi'l Principáu'l mayor suministrador de la península de material en brutu a lo llargo de los sieglos. Estudios llevaos a cabu por un equipu d'investigación de la Universidá d'Uviéu demuestren que l'acebache peninsular vien de una familia d'árboles <a href="/wiki/Xur%C3%A1sicu" title="Xurásicu">xurásicos</a>, escastada hai 65 millones d'años, les protopinácees, amás de les Araucariaceae. </p><p>La zona costera que va dende Xixón hasta Colunga ye la que guarda mayores depósitos y, históricamente, onde se concentraron cuasi toles esplotaciones. Conocida güei como la "Mariña de los Dinosaurios", ye un terrén <a href="/wiki/Xur%C3%A1sicu" title="Xurásicu">xurásicu</a> con abondoses muestres de la fauna y flora d'esta era. L'acebache ye'l material fósil d'orixe vexetal más importante y representativu de toa ella. Foi, ensin dulda, el meyor de tol continente européu ya igual al afamáu de Whitby: dambos, l'inglés y l'asturianu, los meyores del mundu. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Acebache_nel_Reinu_Xuníu"><span id="Acebache_nel_Reinu_Xun.C3.ADu"></span>Acebache nel Reinu Xuníu</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Acebache&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Editar seición: Acebache nel Reinu Xuníu" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Acebache&action=edit&section=6" title="Editar el código fuente de la sección: Acebache nel Reinu Xuníu"><span>editar la fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>N'Inglaterra, l'acebache de Whitby impúnxose con pieces de xoyería d'adornu personal gracies al gran impulsu mientres el reináu de Isabel I (1533-1603), fía d'Enrique VIII y <a href="/wiki/Ana_Bolena" title="Ana Bolena">Ana Bolena</a>. La reina inglesa punxo la moda d'enormes vistíos en blancu y negru, los sos colores favoritos, los que yeren afataos por cuentes y xoyes d'acebache, camafeos, broches, colgantes y collares, en munches de les sos semeyes vense estes xoyes d'acebache. A mediaos del sieglu XVIII, l'acebache impúnxose como xoya de llutu tres el fallecimientu de la reina madre y darréu la del Principe Albertu, llutu que s'enllargó mientres cuarenta años, estos años foron onde se produció la mayor demanda d'acebache d'Asturies, estimándose que la esportación dende Asturies a Inglaterra foi d'alredor d'un millón de quilos. <sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referencies">Referencies</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Acebache&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Editar seición: Referencies" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Acebache&action=edit&section=7" title="Editar el código fuente de la sección: Referencies"><span>editar la fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r3503771">@media only screen and (max-width:600px){.mw-parser-output .llistaref{column-count:1!important}}</style><div class="llistaref" style="list-style-type: decimal;"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Esti términu apaez nel <i><a href="/wiki/Diccionariu_de_la_Llingua_Asturiana" title="Diccionariu de la Llingua Asturiana">Diccionariu de l'Academia de la Llingua Asturiana</a></i>. Ver: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://diccionariu.alladixital.org/index.php?pallabra=acebache">acebache</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Ángel Cardín Toraño: El azabache y su cultura en la Península Ibérica, <a href="/wiki/Especial:FuentesDeLibros/9788499145815" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-8499145815</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160324085047/http://www.azabachedeasturias.com/geology/">azabachedeasturias.com</a>». Archiváu dende l'<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.azabachedeasturias.com/geology/">orixinal</a>, el 2016-03-24. Consultáu'l 27 de mayu de 2013.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Valentín Monte Carreño: "El Azabache, Piedra mágica, Joya, Emblema jacobeo", <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:FuentesDeLibros/84-933551-0-0" title="Especial:FuentesDeLibros/84-933551-0-0">84-933551-0-0</a>, páxina 32</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Angel Cardín Toraño, "El Azabache y su cultura en la península ibérica", páxina 132, <a href="/wiki/Especial:FuentesDeLibros/9788499145815" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-84-9914-581-5</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.lne.es/siglo-xxi/2009/08/30/retos-denominacion-origen-formacion-azabacheros/801824.html">[1]</a>Exportaciones a Inglaterra</span> </li> </ol></div> <ul><li><i>Azabachería asturiana</i>, Conseyería d'Economía del Principáu d'Asturies, de Valentín Monte Carreño.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eliseo_Nicol%C3%A1s_Alonso" title="Eliseo Nicolás Alonso">Eliseo Nicolás Alonso</a>, Maestru acebacheru - páxina museu: "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.azabachelise.com">www.azabachelise.com</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160320170740/http://www.azabachelise.com/">Archiváu</a> 2016-03-20 en <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>"</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Enllaces_esternos">Enllaces esternos</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Acebache&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Editar seición: Enllaces esternos" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Acebache&action=edit&section=8" title="Editar el código fuente de la sección: Enllaces esternos"><span>editar la fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.facebook.com/azabachejurasico/">Asociación pal desarrollu de la tradición del Acebache n'Asturies</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://acalisegrao.blogspot.com/2014/03/lise-su-obra-y-legado.html">Asociación Cultural Amigos de Lise, azabache, madera y piedra</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.azabachelise.com">[2]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160320170740/http://www.azabachelise.com/">Archiváu</a> 2016-03-20 en <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Azabache Lise, páxina no de ventes.]].</li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2260362">.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .navbox hr:last-child{display:none}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .navbox+.mw-mf-linked-projects{display:none}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .mw-mf-linked-projects{display:flex;padding:0.5em;border:1px solid #c8ccd1;background-color:#eaecf0;color:#222222}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .mw-mf-linked-projects ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="mw-authority-control navigation-not-searchable"><div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r4075543">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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