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subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Traditional_narrative-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Events_of_Ninmyō's_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Events_of_Ninmyō's_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Events of Ninmyō's life</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Events_of_Ninmyō's_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eras_of_Ninmyō's_reign" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eras_of_Ninmyō's_reign"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Eras of Ninmyō's reign</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eras_of_Ninmyō's_reign-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kugyō" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kugyō"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Kugyō</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kugyō-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Consorts_and_children" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Consorts_and_children"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Consorts and children</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Consorts_and_children-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ancestry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ancestry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Ancestry</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ancestry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet 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Available in 30 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-30" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">30 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%88_(%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%85%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1)" title="نیمیو (ایمپیراتور) – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="نیمیو (ایمپیراتور)" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ninmy%C3%B4_Thian-h%C3%B4ng" title="Ninmyô Thian-hông – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Ninmyô Thian-hông" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ninmj%C3%B3" title="Ninmjó – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Ninmjó" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nimmy%C5%8D" title="Nimmyō – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Nimmyō" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CF%85%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%BA%CF%81%CE%AC%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%82_%CE%9D%CE%B9%CE%BD%CE%BC%CE%B3%CE%B9%CF%8C" title="Αυτοκράτορας Νινμγιό – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αυτοκράτορας Νινμγιό" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ninmy%C5%8D_Tenn%C5%8D" title="Ninmyō Tennō – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ninmyō Tennō" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ninmy%C5%8D_enperadorea" title="Ninmyō enperadorea – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Ninmyō enperadorea" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%BE%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1_%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%88" title="امپراتور نینمیو – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="امپراتور نینمیو" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ninmy%C5%8D" title="Ninmyō – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Ninmyō" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8B%8C%EB%AC%98_%EC%B2%9C%ED%99%A9" title="닌묘 천황 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="닌묘 천황" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaisar_Nimmy%C5%8D" title="Kaisar Nimmyō – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kaisar Nimmyō" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ninmy%C5%8D" title="Ninmyō – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Ninmyō" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ninmyo_wa_Japani" title="Ninmyo wa Japani – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Ninmyo wa Japani" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ninmyo" title="Ninmyo – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Ninmyo" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BB%81%E6%98%8E%E5%A4%A9%E7%9A%87" title="仁明天皇 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="仁明天皇" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ninmy%C5%8D" title="Ninmyō – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Ninmyō" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nimmyo" title="Nimmyo – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Nimmyo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BC%D1%91" title="Император Ниммё – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Император Ниммё" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emperor_Ninmy%C5%8D" title="Emperor Ninmyō – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Emperor Ninmyō" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cesar_Ninmjo" title="Cesar Ninmjo – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Cesar Ninmjo" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%8C%D9%85%D9%BE%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%86%D8%B1_%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%85%DB%8C%DB%86" title="ئیمپراتۆر نینمیۆ – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئیمپراتۆر نینمیۆ" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Car_Ninmy%C5%8D" title="Car Ninmyō – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Car Ninmyō" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nimmyo" title="Nimmyo – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Nimmyo" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emperador_Ninmy%C5%8D" title="Emperador Ninmyō – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Emperador Ninmyō" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A7" title="จักรพรรดินิมเมียว – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="จักรพรรดินิมเมียว" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ninmy%C5%8D" title="Ninmyō – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Ninmyō" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%9D%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%BC%D1%8C%D0%BE" title="Імператор Німмьо – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Імператор Німмьо" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thi%C3%AAn_ho%C3%A0ng_Ninmy%C5%8D" title="Thiên hoàng Ninmyō – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Thiên hoàng Ninmyō" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emperor_Ninmy%C5%8D" title="Emperor Ninmyō – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Emperor Ninmyō" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BB%81%E6%98%8E%E5%A4%A9%E7%9A%87" title="仁明天皇 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="仁明天皇" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q349271#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> 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class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">54th emperor of Japan (r. 833-850)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn" style="background-color: #cbe; color:inherit; font-size: 125%">Emperor Ninmyō<br /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold"><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">仁明天皇</span></span></span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image photo"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:%E4%BB%81%E6%98%8E%E5%A4%A9%E7%9A%87_%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E3%81%AE%E7%AC%AC54%E4%BB%A3%E5%A4%A9%E7%9A%87.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/%E4%BB%81%E6%98%8E%E5%A4%A9%E7%9A%87_%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E3%81%AE%E7%AC%AC54%E4%BB%A3%E5%A4%A9%E7%9A%87.jpg/220px-%E4%BB%81%E6%98%8E%E5%A4%A9%E7%9A%87_%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E3%81%AE%E7%AC%AC54%E4%BB%A3%E5%A4%A9%E7%9A%87.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="271" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/%E4%BB%81%E6%98%8E%E5%A4%A9%E7%9A%87_%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E3%81%AE%E7%AC%AC54%E4%BB%A3%E5%A4%A9%E7%9A%87.jpg/330px-%E4%BB%81%E6%98%8E%E5%A4%A9%E7%9A%87_%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E3%81%AE%E7%AC%AC54%E4%BB%A3%E5%A4%A9%E7%9A%87.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/%E4%BB%81%E6%98%8E%E5%A4%A9%E7%9A%87_%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E3%81%AE%E7%AC%AC54%E4%BB%A3%E5%A4%A9%E7%9A%87.jpg/440px-%E4%BB%81%E6%98%8E%E5%A4%A9%E7%9A%87_%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E3%81%AE%E7%AC%AC54%E4%BB%A3%E5%A4%A9%E7%9A%87.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="617" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Emperor_of_Japan" title="Emperor of Japan">Emperor of Japan</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Reign</th><td class="infobox-data">22 March 833 – 4 May 850</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Enthronement_of_the_Japanese_emperor" title="Enthronement of the Japanese emperor">Enthronement</a></th><td class="infobox-data">30 March 833</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Predecessor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Junna" title="Emperor Junna">Junna</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Successor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Montoku" title="Emperor Montoku">Montoku</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><div style="height: 4px; width:100%;"></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data">Masara<span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">正良</span></span>)</span><br />27 September 808</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">6 May 850<span style="display:none">(850-05-06)</span> (aged 41)<br />Heian Kyō (Kyōto)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Burial</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="label"><i>Fukakusa no misasagi</i> (深草陵) (Kyoto)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Issue_(genealogy)" title="Issue (genealogy)">Issue</a><br /><span style="font-weight:normal"><i><a href="#Consorts_and_children">more...</a></i></span></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Montoku" title="Emperor Montoku">Emperor Montoku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_K%C5%8Dk%C5%8D" title="Emperor Kōkō">Emperor Kōkō</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox" style="border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Posthumous_name" title="Posthumous name">Posthumous name</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align:left; padding-left:0.7em;"><a href="/wiki/Posthumous_name#Chinese-style_(Han-style)_shigō" title="Posthumous name">Chinese-style <i>shigō</i></a>:<br />Emperor Ninmyō (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">仁明天皇</span></span>)<br /><br /><a href="/wiki/Posthumous_name#Japanese-style_shigō" title="Posthumous name">Japanese-style <i>shigō</i></a>:<br />Yamato-neko-amatsumishirushi-toyosato no Mikoto (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">日本根子天璽豊聡慧尊</span></span>)</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Dynasty" title="Dynasty">House</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Imperial_House_of_Japan" title="Imperial House of Japan">Imperial House of Japan</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Father</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Saga" title="Emperor Saga">Emperor Saga</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Mother</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Tachibana_no_Kachiko" title="Tachibana no Kachiko">Tachibana no Kachiko</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Emperor Ninmyō</b><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">仁明天皇</span></span>, <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">Ninmyō-tennō</i></span>, 27 September 808 – 6 May 850)</span><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was the 54th <a href="/wiki/Emperor_of_Japan" title="Emperor of Japan">emperor of Japan</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-kunaichō_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kunaichō-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> according to the traditional <a href="/wiki/List_of_Emperors_of_Japan" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Emperors of Japan">order of succession</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ninmyō's reign lasted from 833 to 850, during the <a href="/wiki/Heian_period" title="Heian period">Heian period</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Traditional_narrative">Traditional narrative</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Emperor_Ninmy%C5%8D&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Traditional narrative"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ninmyō was the second son of <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Saga" title="Emperor Saga">Emperor Saga</a> and the Empress Tachibana no Kachiko. His personal name (<i><a href="/wiki/Imina" class="mw-redirect" title="Imina">imina</a></i>) was Masara<span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">正良</span></span>)</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After his death, he was given the title Ninmyō<span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">仁明</span></span>)</span>. </p><p>Ninmyō had nine Empresses, Imperial consorts, and concubines (<i>kōi</i>); and the emperor had 24 Imperial sons and daughters.<sup id="cite_ref-b283_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-b283-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Emperor Ninmyō is traditionally venerated at his tomb; the <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Household_Agency" title="Imperial Household Agency">Imperial Household Agency</a> designates <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">Fukakusa no Misasagi</i></span><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">深草陵</span></span>, Fukakusa Imperial Mausoleum)</span>, in <a href="/wiki/Fushimi-ku,_Kyoto" title="Fushimi-ku, Kyoto">Fushimi-ku, Kyoto</a>, as the location of Ninmyō's <a href="/wiki/Mausoleum" title="Mausoleum">mausoleum</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-kunaichō_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kunaichō-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Events_of_Ninmyō's_life"><span id="Events_of_Ninmy.C5.8D.27s_life"></span>Events of Ninmyō's life</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Emperor_Ninmy%C5%8D&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Events of Ninmyō's life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fujiwara_no_Junshi-Rijksmuseum_RP-P-1991-578.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Fujiwara_no_Junshi-Rijksmuseum_RP-P-1991-578.jpeg/220px-Fujiwara_no_Junshi-Rijksmuseum_RP-P-1991-578.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Fujiwara_no_Junshi-Rijksmuseum_RP-P-1991-578.jpeg/330px-Fujiwara_no_Junshi-Rijksmuseum_RP-P-1991-578.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Fujiwara_no_Junshi-Rijksmuseum_RP-P-1991-578.jpeg/440px-Fujiwara_no_Junshi-Rijksmuseum_RP-P-1991-578.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="2784" data-file-height="2053" /></a><figcaption><i>Fujiwara no Junshi</i>, print by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Teisai_Hokuba&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Teisai Hokuba (page does not exist)">Teisai Hokuba</a>, 1800 and 1805, (<a href="/wiki/Rijksmuseum_Amsterdam" class="mw-redirect" title="Rijksmuseum Amsterdam">Rijksmuseum Amsterdam</a>)</figcaption></figure> <p>Ninmyō ascended to the throne following the abdication of his uncle, <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Junna" title="Emperor Junna">Emperor Junna</a>. </p> <ul><li><b>6 January 823</b><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<i><a href="/wiki/K%C5%8Dnin" class="mw-redirect" title="Kōnin">Kōnin</a> 10, 4th month, 19th day</i><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>): Received the title of Crown Prince at the age of 14.</li> <li><b>22 March 833</b> (<i><a href="/wiki/Tench%C5%8D" title="Tenchō">Tenchō</a> 10, 28th day of the 2nd month</i><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>): In the 10th year of Emperor Junna's reign, the emperor abdicated; and the succession (<i>senso</i>) was received by his adopted son. Masara<i>-shinnō</i> was the natural son of Emperor Saga, and therefore would have been Junna's nephew.<sup id="cite_ref-b283_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-b283-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Shortly thereafter, Emperor Ninmyo is said to have acceded to the throne (<i>sokui</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>Shortly after Ninmyo was enthroned, he designated an heir. He named <a href="/wiki/Prince_Tsunesada" title="Prince Tsunesada">Prince Tsunesada</a>, a son of former Emperor Junna, as the crown prince.<sup id="cite_ref-b284_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-b284-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><b>835</b> (<i><a href="/wiki/J%C5%8Dwa_(Heian_period)" title="Jōwa (Heian period)">Jōwa</a> 2</i><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>): <a href="/wiki/K%C5%ABkai" title="Kūkai">Kūkai</a> (known posthumously as Kōbō-Daishi) died. This monk, scholar, poet, and artist had been the founder of the <a href="/wiki/Shingon" class="mw-redirect" title="Shingon">Shingon</a> or "True Word" school of <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-b284_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-b284-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>838-839</b> (<i>Jōwa 5-6</i>): Diplomatic mission to <a href="/wiki/Tang_dynasty" title="Tang dynasty">Tang China</a> headed by <a href="/wiki/Fujiwara_no_Tsunetsugu" title="Fujiwara no Tsunetsugu">Fujiwara no Tsunetsugu</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>842</b>: Following a coup d'état called the <a href="/wiki/J%C5%8Dwa_Incident" title="Jōwa Incident">Jōwa Incident</a>, Tsunesada the crown prince was replaced with Ninmyō's first son, Prince Michiyasu (later <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Montoku" title="Emperor Montoku">Emperor Montoku</a>) whose mother was the Empress Fujiwara no Junshi, a daughter of <i><a href="/wiki/Sadaijin" class="mw-redirect" title="Sadaijin">sadaijin</a></i> <a href="/wiki/Fujiwara_no_Fuyutsugu" title="Fujiwara no Fuyutsugu">Fujiwara no Fuyutsugu</a>. It is supposed that this was the result of political intrigue planned by Ninmyō and <a href="/wiki/Fujiwara_no_Yoshifusa" title="Fujiwara no Yoshifusa">Fujiwara no Yoshifusa</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first of what would become a powerful line of Fujiwara regents,<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Yoshifusa had numerous family ties to the imperial court; he was Ninmyō's brother in law (by virtue of his sister who became Ninmyō's consort), the second son of <i>sadaijin</i> Fuyutsugu, and uncle to the new crown prince.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>In his lifetime, Ninmyō could not have anticipated that his third son, <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Koko" class="mw-redirect" title="Emperor Koko">Prince Tokiyasu</a>, would eventually ascend the throne in 884 as <a href="/wiki/Emperor_K%C5%8Dk%C5%8D" title="Emperor Kōkō">Emperor Kōkō</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><b>6 May 850</b> (<i><a href="/wiki/Kash%C5%8D" title="Kashō">Kashō</a> 3, 21st day of the 3rd month</i><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>): Emperor Ninmyō died at the age of 41.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was sometimes posthumously referred to as "the Emperor of Fukakusa", because that was the name given to his tomb.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Eras_of_Ninmyō's_reign"><span id="Eras_of_Ninmy.C5.8D.27s_reign"></span>Eras of Ninmyō's reign</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Emperor_Ninmy%C5%8D&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Eras of Ninmyō's reign"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The years of Ninmyō's reign are more specifically identified by more than one <a href="/wiki/Japanese_era_names" class="mw-redirect" title="Japanese era names">era name</a> (<i>nengō</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Tench%C5%8D" title="Tenchō">Tenchō</a></i> (824–834)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/J%C5%8Dwa_(Heian_period)" title="Jōwa (Heian period)">Jōwa</a></i> (834–848)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kash%C5%8D" title="Kashō">Kashō</a></i> (848–851)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kugyō"><span id="Kugy.C5.8D"></span>Kugyō</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Emperor_Ninmy%C5%8D&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Kugyō"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Kugy%C5%8D" title="Kugyō">Kugyō</a></i><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">公卿</span></span>)</span> is a collective term for the very few most powerful men attached to the court of the <a href="/wiki/Emperor_of_Japan" title="Emperor of Japan">Emperor of Japan</a> in pre-<a href="/wiki/Meiji_period" class="mw-redirect" title="Meiji period">Meiji</a> eras.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In general, this elite group included only three to four men at a time. These were hereditary courtiers whose experience and background would have brought them to the pinnacle of a life's career. During Ninmyō's reign, this apex of the <i><a href="/wiki/Daij%C5%8D-kan" title="Daijō-kan">Daijō-kan</a></i> included: </p> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Sadaijin" class="mw-redirect" title="Sadaijin">Sadaijin</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Fujiwara_no_Otsugu" title="Fujiwara no Otsugu">Fujiwara no Otsugu</a> (藤原緒嗣), 773–843.<sup id="cite_ref-nussbaum208_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nussbaum208-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Sadaijin</i>, Minamoto no Tokiwa (源常), 812–854.<sup id="cite_ref-b283_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-b283-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Udaijin" class="mw-redirect" title="Udaijin">Udaijin</a></i>, Kiyohara no Natsuno (清原夏野), 782–837.<sup id="cite_ref-b283_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-b283-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Udaijin</i>, Fujiwara no Mimori (藤原三守), d. 840.<sup id="cite_ref-b283_6-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-b283-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Udaijin</i>, Minamoto no Tokiwa (源常)</li> <li><i>Udaijin</i>, Tachibana no Ujikimi (橘氏公), 783–847.<sup id="cite_ref-b283_6-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-b283-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Udaijin</i>, <a href="/wiki/Fujiwara_no_Yoshifusa" title="Fujiwara no Yoshifusa">Fujiwara no Yoshifusa</a> (藤原良房), 804–872.<sup id="cite_ref-b284_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-b284-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Udaijin</i>, Fujiwara no Otsugu, 825–832<sup id="cite_ref-nussbaum208_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nussbaum208-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Naidaijin" title="Naidaijin">Naidaijin</a></i> (not appointed)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dainagon" title="Dainagon">Dainagon</a></i>, Fujiwara no Otsugu, ?–825.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Consorts_and_children">Consorts and children</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Emperor_Ninmy%C5%8D&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Consorts and children"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information on terms related to imperial consorts: <a href="/wiki/K%C5%8Dky%C5%AB#consorts" title="Kōkyū">Kōkyū § consorts</a></div> <p>Consort (<i><a href="/wiki/K%C5%8Dky%C5%AB" title="Kōkyū">Nyōgo</a></i>) later Empress Dowager (<i>Tai-Kōtaigō</i>): <a href="/w/index.php?title=Empress_Goj%C5%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Empress Gojō (page does not exist)">Fujiwara no Junshi</a> (藤原順子; 809–871), <a href="/wiki/Fujiwara_no_Fuyutsugu" title="Fujiwara no Fuyutsugu">Fujiwara no Fuyutsugu</a>’s daughter </p> <ul><li>First Son: Imperial Prince Michiyasu (道康親王) later <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Montoku" title="Emperor Montoku">Emperor Montoku</a></li></ul> <p>Consort (<i>Nyōgo</i>): Fujiwara no <i>Takushi</i>/Sawako (藤原沢子; d.839), Fujiwara no Fusatsugu’s daughter </p> <ul><li>Second Son: Imperial Prince Muneyasu (宗康親王; 828–868)</li> <li>Third Son: Imperial Prince Tokiyasu (時康親王) later <a href="/wiki/Emperor_K%C5%8Dk%C5%8D" title="Emperor Kōkō">Emperor Kōkō</a></li> <li>Fourth Son: Imperial Prince Saneyasu (人康親王; 831–872)</li> <li>Imperial Princess <i>Shinshi</i> (新子内親王; d.897)</li></ul> <p>Consort (<i>Nyōgo</i>): Fujiwara no <i>Teishi</i>/Sadako (藤原貞子; d.864), Fujiwara no Tadamori’s daughter </p> <ul><li>Eighth Son: Imperial Prince Nariyasu (成康親王; 836–853)</li> <li>Imperial Princess <i>Shinshi</i> (親子内親王; d. 851)</li> <li>Imperial Princess <i>Heishi</i> (平子内親王; d. 877)</li></ul> <p>Court lady: Shigeno no Tsunako (滋野縄子), Shigeno no Sadanushi’s daughter </p> <ul><li>fifth Son: Imperial Prince Motoyasu (本康親王; d. 902)</li> <li>Ninth Daughter: Imperial Princess Tokiko (時子内親王; d. 847), 2nd <a href="/wiki/Saiin_(Priestess)" class="mw-redirect" title="Saiin (Priestess)">Saiin</a> in <a href="/wiki/Kamo_Shrine" class="mw-redirect" title="Kamo Shrine">Kamo Shrine</a> 831–833</li> <li>Imperial Princess <i>Jūshi</i> (柔子内親王; d. 869)</li></ul> <p>Consort (<i>Nyōgo</i>): Tachibana no Kageko (橘影子; d. 864), Tachibana no Ujikimi’s daughter </p><p>Consort (<i>Nyōgo</i>): Fujiwara Musuko (藤原息子) </p><p>Court Attendant (<i>Koui</i>): Ki no Taneko (紀種子; d. 869), Ki no Natora’s daughter </p> <ul><li>Seventh Prince: Imperial Prince Tsuneyasu (常康親王; d. 869)</li> <li>Imperial Princess <i>Shinshi</i>/Saneko (真子内親王; d. 870)</li></ul> <p>Court Attendant (<i>Koui</i>) (deposed in 845): Mikuni-machi (三国町), daughter of Mikuni clan </p> <ul><li>Sada no Noboru (貞登), given the family name "Sada" from Emperor (Shisei Kōka, 賜姓降下) in 866</li></ul> <p>Court lady: Fujiwara no Katoko (藤原賀登子), Fujiwara no Fukutomaro's daughter </p> <ul><li>Sixth Son: Imperial Prince Kuniyasu (国康親王; d. 898)</li></ul> <p>Court lady: Fujiwara no Warawako (藤原小童子), Fujiwara no Michitō's daughter </p> <ul><li>Imperial Princess Shigeko (重子内親王; d. 865)</li></ul> <p>Court lady: Princess Takamune (高宗女王), Prince Okaya's daughter </p> <ul><li>Seventh/eighth Daughter: Imperial Princess Hisako (久子内親王; d. 876), 18th <a href="/wiki/Sai%C5%8D" title="Saiō">Saiō</a> in <a href="/wiki/Ise_Shrine" title="Ise Shrine">Ise Shrine</a> 833–850.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>Court lady: daughter of Yamaguchi clan (山口氏の娘) </p> <ul><li>Minamoto no Satoru (源覚; 849–879)</li></ul> <p><i>Nyoju</i>: Kudaraō Toyofuku's daughter </p> <ul><li>Minamoto no Masaru (源多; 831–888), <i>Udaijin</i> 882–888</li> <li>Minamoto no Hikaru (源光; 846–913), <i>Udaijin</i> 901–913</li></ul> <p>Court lady (<i>Nyoju</i>): Kudara no Yōkyō (百済永慶), Kudara no Kyōfuku's daughter </p> <ul><li>Twelfth Daughter: Imperial Princess Takaiko (高子内親王; d. 866), 3rd <a href="/wiki/Saiin_(Priestess)" class="mw-redirect" title="Saiin (Priestess)">Saiin</a> in <a href="/wiki/Kamo_Shrine" class="mw-redirect" title="Kamo Shrine">Kamo Shrine</a> 833–850</li></ul> <p>(from unknown women) </p> <ul><li>Minamoto no <i>Suzushi</i> (源冷; 835–890), <i>Sangi</i> 882–890</li> <li>Minamoto no <i>Itaru</i> (源効)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ancestry">Ancestry</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Emperor_Ninmy%C5%8D&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Ancestry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><sup id="cite_ref-descent_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-descent-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886387087">.mw-parser-output table.ahnentafel{border-collapse:separate;border-spacing:0;line-height:130%}.mw-parser-output .ahnentafel tr{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ahnentafel-t{border-top:#000 solid 1px;border-left:#000 solid 1px}.mw-parser-output .ahnentafel-b{border-bottom:#000 solid 1px;border-left:#000 solid 1px}</style><div class="noresize"><table class="collapsible collapsed" style="margin:0.3em auto;clear:none;min-width:60em;width:auto;font-size:88%;border:1px solid #aaa"><tbody><tr><th style="padding:0.2em 0.3em 0.2em 4.3em;background:none;color:inherit;width:auto">Ancestors of Emperor Ninmyō</th></tr><tr><td style="text-align:center"><table class="ahnentafel" style="margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><tbody><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="28" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="13"> </td><td rowspan="12" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="5"> </td><td rowspan="4" colspan="2"> </td><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #bfc;">8. <a href="/wiki/Emperor_K%C5%8Dnin" title="Emperor Kōnin">Emperor Kōnin</a> (709–782)</td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #ffc;">4. <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Kanmu" title="Emperor Kanmu">Emperor Kanmu</a> (737–806)</td><td rowspan="2" colspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="7" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #bfc;">9. <a href="/wiki/Takano_no_Niigasa" title="Takano no Niigasa">Takano no Niigasa</a> (c. 720–790)</td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #fb9;">2. <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Saga" title="Emperor Saga">Emperor Saga</a> (786–842)</td><td rowspan="2" colspan="7"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="15" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="14" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="7" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #bfc;">10. <a href="/wiki/Fujiwara_no_Yoshitsugu" title="Fujiwara no Yoshitsugu">Fujiwara no Yoshitsugu</a> (716–777)</td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #ffc;">5. <a href="/wiki/Fujiwara_no_Otomuro" title="Fujiwara no Otomuro">Fujiwara no Otomuro</a> (760–790)</td><td rowspan="2" colspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="7"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #bfc;">11. <a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%80%8D%E5%8F%A4%E7%BE%8E%E5%A5%88" class="extiw" title="ja:阿倍古美奈">Abe no Komina</a> (d. 784)</td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #fcc;">1. <b>Emperor Ninmyō </b></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="11"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="24" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="15" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="14" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="7"> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #bfc;">12. <a href="/wiki/Tachibana_no_Naramaro" title="Tachibana no Naramaro">Tachibana no Naramaro</a> (721–757)</td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #ffc;">6. <a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A9%98%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%8B" class="extiw" title="ja:橘清友">Tachibana no Kiyotomo</a> (758–789)</td><td rowspan="2" colspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="7" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #bfc;">13. Awata</td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #fb9;">3. <a href="/wiki/Tachibana_no_Kachiko" title="Tachibana no Kachiko">Tachibana no Kachiko</a> (786–850)</td><td rowspan="2" colspan="7"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="9"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="8" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="7" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #ffc;">7. Taguchi Michihime</td><td rowspan="2" colspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Emperor_Ninmy%C5%8D&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Go-Fukakusa" title="Emperor Go-Fukakusa">Emperor Go-Fukakusa</a>, a later emperor named in honor of Emperor Ninmyō</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_cult" title="Imperial cult">Imperial cult</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Emperors_of_Japan" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Emperors of Japan">List of Emperors of Japan</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shoku_Nihon_K%C5%8Dki" title="Shoku Nihon Kōki">Shoku Nihon Kōki</a></i>, a <a href="/wiki/Rikkokushi" title="Rikkokushi">Japanese national history</a> covering Emperor Ninmyō's reign.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Emperor_Ninmy%C5%8D&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Imperial_Seal_of_Japan.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Imperial_Seal_of_Japan.svg/120px-Imperial_Seal_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Imperial_Seal_of_Japan.svg/180px-Imperial_Seal_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Imperial_Seal_of_Japan.svg/240px-Imperial_Seal_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="990" data-file-height="990" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Imperial_Seal_of_Japan" title="Imperial Seal of Japan">Japanese Imperial kamon</a> — a stylized <a href="/wiki/Chrysanthemum" title="Chrysanthemum">chrysanthemum</a> blossom</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Spelling note: A modified <a href="/wiki/Hepburn_romanization" title="Hepburn romanization">Hepburn romanization</a> system for Japanese words is used throughout Western publications in a range of languages including <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a>. Unlike the standard system, the "<i>n</i>" is maintained even when followed by "<a href="/wiki/Homorganic_consonants" class="mw-redirect" title="Homorganic consonants">homorganic consonants</a>" (e.g., <i>shinbun</i>, not <i>shimbun</i>).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-kunaichō-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-kunaichō_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-kunaichō_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Kunaichō">Emperor Ninmyō, Fukakusa Imperial Mausoleum</a>, Imperial Household Agency</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ponsonby-Fane, Richard. (1959). <i>The Imperial House of Japan,</i> pp. 64–65.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Brown-Ishida">Brown and Ishida</a>, pp.283–284; Varley, H. Paul. (1980). <i>Jinnō Shōtōki,</i> p. 164-165; Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=18oNAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA106"></a></i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=18oNAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA106">Annales des empereurs du Japon,<i> pp. 106–112.</i></a>, p. 106, at <a href="/wiki/Google_Books" title="Google Books">Google Books</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Brown-Ishida">Brown and Ishida</a>, p. 282; Varley, p. 164.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-b283-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-b283_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-b283_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-b283_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-b283_6-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-b283_6-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-b283_6-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Brown-Ishida">Brown and Ishida</a>, p. 283.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Julian dates derived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web.me.com/meyer.eva/www.yukikurete.de/nengo_calc.htm">NengoCalc</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">弘仁十四年四月十九日</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">天長十年二月二十八日</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Titsingh, p. 106; <a href="#Brown-Ishida">Brown and Ishida</a>, pp. 283; Varley, p. 44; a distinct act of <i>senso</i> is unrecognized prior to <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Tenji" title="Emperor Tenji">Emperor Tenji</a>; and all sovereigns except <a href="/wiki/Empress_Jit%C5%8D" title="Empress Jitō">Jitō</a>, <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Y%C5%8Dzei" title="Emperor Yōzei">Yōzei</a>, <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Go-Toba" title="Emperor Go-Toba">Go-Toba</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Fushimi" title="Emperor Fushimi">Fushimi</a> have <i>senso</i> and <i>sokui</i> in the same year until the reign of <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Go-Murakami" title="Emperor Go-Murakami">Emperor Go-Murakami</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-b284-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-b284_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-b284_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-b284_11-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Brown-Ishida">Brown and Ishida</a>, pp. 284.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">承和二年</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/George_Sansom" title="George Sansom">Sansom, George Bailey</a>. (1958). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=t2c4t4yw21gC&pg=PA134"><i>A History of Japan to 1334,</i> pp. 134-135</a>; Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=p2QnPijAEmEC&pg=PA211">"Fujiwara no Tsunetsugu"</a> in <i>Japan Encyclopedia</i>, p. 211.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceA-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Mason-Caiger">Mason and Caiger</a>, p. 69</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Mason-Caiger">Mason and Caiger</a>, p. 71</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Titsingh, p. 124; <a href="#Brown-Ishida">Brown and Ishida</a>, p. 289; Varley, pp. 171–175.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">嘉祥三年三月二十一日</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Brown-Ishida">Brown and Ishida</a>, p. 284</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Adolphson, Mikael <i>et al.</i> (2007). <i>Heian Japan, centers and peripheries</i>, p. 23.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Brown-Ishida">Brown and Ishida</a>, p. 284; Varley, p. 165.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Titsingh, p. 106.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Heian period Imperial courts: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.furugosho.com/moyenage/empereur-g2.htm">– <i>kugyō</i> of Ninmyō-tennō (in French)</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nussbaum208-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nussbaum208_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nussbaum208_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005). "Fujiwara no Otsugu" in <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=p2QnPijAEmEC&pg=PA208"></a></i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=p2QnPijAEmEC&pg=PA208">Japan Encyclopedia<i>, p. 208</i></a>, p. 208, at <a href="/wiki/Google_Books" title="Google Books">Google Books</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Titsingh, <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=18oNAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA104">p. 104.</a></i>, p. 104, at <a href="/wiki/Google_Books" title="Google Books">Google Books</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Saikū Historical Museum, Meiwa, Mie: wall-display information table.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-descent-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-descent_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://reichsarchiv.jp/%e5%ae%b6%e7%b3%bb%e3%83%aa%e3%82%b9%e3%83%88/%e5%a4%a9%e7%9a%87%e5%ae%b6#emp054">"Genealogy"</a>. <i>Reichsarchiv</i> (in Japanese). 30 April 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 January</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Reichsarchiv&rft.atitle=Genealogy&rft.date=2010-04-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Freichsarchiv.jp%2F%25e5%25ae%25b6%25e7%25b3%25bb%25e3%2583%25aa%25e3%2582%25b9%25e3%2583%2588%2F%25e5%25a4%25a9%25e7%259a%2587%25e5%25ae%25b6%23emp054&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmperor+Ninmy%C5%8D" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Emperor_Ninmy%C5%8D&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Adolphson, Mikael S., <a href="/wiki/Edward_Kamens" title="Edward Kamens">Edward Kamens</a> and Stacie Matsumoto. (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=UjB8yiiGDykC&q=day+of+death++ninmyo"><i>Heian Japan, centers and peripheries</i>.</a> Honolulu: <a href="/wiki/University_of_Hawaii_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Hawaii Press">University of Hawaii Press</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8248-3013-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8248-3013-7">978-0-8248-3013-7</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Brown-Ishida" class="citation book cs1">Brown, Delmer M.; Ishida, Ichirō (1979). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=w4f5FrmIJKIC&q=Gukansho"><i><span></span></i>The Future and the Past<i><span></span></i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(a translation and study of the <a href="/wiki/Gukansh%C5%8D" title="Gukanshō">Gukanshō</a>, an interpretive history of Japan written in 1219)</span>. Berkeley: University of California Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-520-03460-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-520-03460-0"><bdi>978-0-520-03460-0</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/251325323">251325323</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Future+and+the+Past&rft.pub=Berkeley%3A+University+of+California+Press.&rft.date=1979&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F251325323&rft.isbn=978-0-520-03460-0&rft.au=Brown%2C+Delmer+M.&rft.au=Ishida%2C+Ichir%C5%8D&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dw4f5FrmIJKIC%26q%3DGukansho&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmperor+Ninmy%C5%8D" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Kunaichō" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Imperial Household Agency (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kunaicho.go.jp/ryobo/guide/054/index.html"><bdi lang="ja">仁明天皇深草陵</bdi></a> [Emperor Ninmyō, Fukakusa Imperial Mausoleum] (in Japanese)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-02-04</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E4%BB%81%E6%98%8E%E5%A4%A9%E7%9A%87+%E6%B7%B1%E8%8D%89%E9%99%B5&rft.date=2004&rft.au=Imperial+Household+Agency&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kunaicho.go.jp%2Fryobo%2Fguide%2F054%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmperor+Ninmy%C5%8D" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Mason-Caiger" class="citation book cs1">Mason, R.H.P.; Caiger, J.G. (1997). <i>A History of Japan</i> (2nd (revised) ed.). North Clarendon, VT: Charles E. Tuttle Company. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8048-2097-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-8048-2097-X"><bdi>0-8048-2097-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Japan&rft.place=North+Clarendon%2C+VT&rft.edition=2nd+%28revised%29&rft.pub=Charles+E.+Tuttle+Company&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=0-8048-2097-X&rft.au=Mason%2C+R.H.P.&rft.au=Caiger%2C+J.G.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmperor+Ninmy%C5%8D" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric and Käthe Roth. (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=p2QnPijAEmEC"><i>Japan encyclopedia</i>.</a> Cambridge: <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University_Press" title="Harvard University Press">Harvard University Press</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-674-01753-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-674-01753-5">978-0-674-01753-5</a>; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/58053128">58053128</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Ponsonby-Fane" title="Richard Ponsonby-Fane">Ponsonby-Fane, Richard Arthur Brabazon</a>. (1959). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=SLAeAAAAMAAJ&q=The+Imperial+House+of+Japan"><i>The Imperial House of Japan.</i></a> Kyoto: Ponsonby Memorial Society. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/194887">194887</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_Titsingh" title="Isaac Titsingh">Titsingh, Isaac</a>. (1834). <i><a href="/wiki/Nihon_%C5%8Cdai_Ichiran" title="Nihon Ōdai Ichiran">Nihon Ōdai Ichiran</a></i>; ou, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=18oNAAAAIAAJ&q=nipon+o+dai+itsi+ran"><i>Annales des empereurs du Japon</i>.</a> Paris: Royal Asiatic Society, Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/5850691">5850691</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H._Paul_Varley" title="H. Paul Varley">Varley, H. Paul</a>. (1980). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=tVv6OAAACAAJ"><i>Jinnō Shōtōki: A Chronicle of Gods and Sovereigns</i>.</a> New York: Columbia University Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-231-04940-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-231-04940-5">978-0-231-04940-5</a>; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/59145842">59145842</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Emperor_Ninmy%C5%8D&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Hokusai: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080412082850/http://visipix.dynalias.com/sites-en/hoku_100_poem/poem_11_14.htm">Poem #12, image of ceremonial event in Ninmyō's court</a></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ACE777;">Regnal titles </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Junna" title="Emperor Junna">Emperor Junna</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Emperors_of_Japan" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Emperors of Japan">Emperor of Japan</a>:<br />Ninmyō </b><br />833–850 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Montoku" title="Emperor Montoku">Emperor Montoku</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini 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class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Legendary</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.6em"><a href="/wiki/J%C5%8Dmon_period" title="Jōmon period">Jōmon</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="660_BC–291_BC" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.5em;font-weight:normal; font-size:90%;">660 BC–291 BC</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Jimmu" title="Emperor Jimmu">Jimmu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Suizei" title="Emperor Suizei">Suizei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Annei" title="Emperor Annei">Annei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Itoku" title="Emperor Itoku">Itoku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_K%C5%8Dsh%C5%8D" title="Emperor Kōshō">Kōshō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_K%C5%8Dan" title="Emperor Kōan">Kōan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.6em"><a href="/wiki/Yayoi_period" title="Yayoi period">Yayoi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="290_BC–269_AD" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.5em;font-weight:normal; font-size:90%;">290 BC–269 AD</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_K%C5%8Drei" title="Emperor Kōrei">Kōrei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_K%C5%8Dgen" title="Emperor Kōgen">Kōgen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Kaika" title="Emperor Kaika">Kaika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Sujin" title="Emperor Sujin">Sujin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Suinin" title="Emperor Suinin">Suinin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Keik%C5%8D" title="Emperor Keikō">Keikō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Seimu" title="Emperor Seimu">Seimu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Ch%C5%ABai" title="Emperor Chūai">Chūai</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Empress_Jing%C5%AB" title="Empress Jingū">Jingū</a><sup><b>*</b></sup></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Yamato_period" title="Yamato period">Yamato</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.6em"><a href="/wiki/Kofun_period" title="Kofun period">Kofun</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="269–539" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.5em;font-weight:normal; font-size:90%;">269–539</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_%C5%8Cjin" title="Emperor Ōjin">Ōjin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Nintoku" title="Emperor Nintoku">Nintoku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Rich%C5%AB" title="Emperor Richū">Richū</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Hanzei" title="Emperor Hanzei">Hanzei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Ingy%C5%8D" title="Emperor Ingyō">Ingyō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Ank%C5%8D" title="Emperor Ankō">Ankō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Y%C5%ABryaku" title="Emperor Yūryaku">Yūryaku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Seinei" title="Emperor Seinei">Seinei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Kenz%C5%8D" title="Emperor Kenzō">Kenzō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Ninken" title="Emperor Ninken">Ninken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Buretsu" title="Emperor Buretsu">Buretsu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Keitai" title="Emperor Keitai">Keitai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Ankan" title="Emperor Ankan">Ankan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Senka" title="Emperor Senka">Senka</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.6em"><a href="/wiki/Asuka_period" title="Asuka period">Asuka</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="539–710" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.5em;font-weight:normal; font-size:90%;">539–710</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Kinmei" title="Emperor Kinmei">Kinmei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Bidatsu" title="Emperor Bidatsu">Bidatsu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Y%C5%8Dmei" title="Emperor Yōmei">Yōmei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Sushun" title="Emperor Sushun">Sushun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empress_Suiko" title="Empress Suiko">Suiko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Jomei" title="Emperor Jomei">Jomei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empress_K%C5%8Dgyoku" title="Empress Kōgyoku">Kōgyoku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_K%C5%8Dtoku" title="Emperor Kōtoku">Kōtoku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empress_K%C5%8Dgyoku" title="Empress Kōgyoku">Saimei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Tenji" title="Emperor Tenji">Tenji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_K%C5%8Dbun" title="Emperor Kōbun">Kōbun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Tenmu" title="Emperor Tenmu">Tenmu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empress_Jit%C5%8D" title="Empress Jitō">Jitō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Monmu" title="Emperor Monmu">Monmu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empress_Genmei" title="Empress Genmei">Genmei</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nara_period" title="Nara period">Nara</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="710–794" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;font-weight:normal; font-size:90%;">710–794</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Empress_Genmei" title="Empress Genmei">Genmei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empress_Gensh%C5%8D" title="Empress Genshō">Genshō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Sh%C5%8Dmu" title="Emperor Shōmu">Shōmu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empress_K%C5%8Dken" title="Empress Kōken">Kōken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Junnin" title="Emperor Junnin">Junnin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empress_K%C5%8Dken" title="Empress Kōken">Shōtoku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_K%C5%8Dnin" title="Emperor Kōnin">Kōnin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Kanmu" title="Emperor Kanmu">Kanmu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Heian_period" title="Heian period">Heian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="794–1185" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;font-weight:normal; font-size:90%;">794–1185</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Kanmu" title="Emperor Kanmu">Kanmu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Heizei" title="Emperor Heizei">Heizei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Saga" title="Emperor Saga">Saga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Junna" title="Emperor Junna">Junna</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ninmyō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Montoku" title="Emperor Montoku">Montoku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Seiwa" title="Emperor Seiwa">Seiwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Y%C5%8Dzei" title="Emperor Yōzei">Yōzei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_K%C5%8Dk%C5%8D" title="Emperor Kōkō">Kōkō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Uda" title="Emperor Uda">Uda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Daigo" title="Emperor Daigo">Daigo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Suzaku" title="Emperor Suzaku">Suzaku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Murakami" title="Emperor Murakami">Murakami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Reizei" title="Emperor Reizei">Reizei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_En%27y%C5%AB" title="Emperor En'yū">En'yū</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Kazan" title="Emperor Kazan">Kazan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Ichij%C5%8D" title="Emperor Ichijō">Ichijō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Sanj%C5%8D" title="Emperor Sanjō">Sanjō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Go-Ichij%C5%8D" title="Emperor Go-Ichijō">Go-Ichijō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Go-Suzaku" title="Emperor Go-Suzaku">Go-Suzaku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Go-Reizei" title="Emperor Go-Reizei">Go-Reizei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Go-Sanj%C5%8D" title="Emperor Go-Sanjō">Go-Sanjō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Shirakawa" title="Emperor Shirakawa">Shirakawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Horikawa" title="Emperor Horikawa">Horikawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Toba" title="Emperor Toba">Toba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Sutoku" title="Emperor Sutoku">Sutoku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Konoe" title="Emperor Konoe">Konoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Go-Shirakawa" title="Emperor Go-Shirakawa">Go-Shirakawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Nij%C5%8D" title="Emperor Nijō">Nijō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Rokuj%C5%8D" title="Emperor Rokujō">Rokujō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Takakura" title="Emperor Takakura">Takakura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Antoku" title="Emperor Antoku">Antoku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Go-Toba" title="Emperor Go-Toba">Go-Toba</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kamakura_period" title="Kamakura period">Kamakura</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="1185–1333" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;font-weight:normal; font-size:90%;">1185–1333</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Go-Toba" title="Emperor Go-Toba">Go-Toba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Tsuchimikado" title="Emperor Tsuchimikado">Tsuchimikado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Juntoku" title="Emperor Juntoku">Juntoku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Ch%C5%ABky%C5%8D" title="Emperor Chūkyō">Chūkyō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Go-Horikawa" title="Emperor Go-Horikawa">Go-Horikawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Shij%C5%8D" title="Emperor Shijō">Shijō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Go-Saga" title="Emperor Go-Saga">Go-Saga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Go-Fukakusa" title="Emperor Go-Fukakusa">Go-Fukakusa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Kameyama" title="Emperor Kameyama">Kameyama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Go-Uda" title="Emperor Go-Uda">Go-Uda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Fushimi" title="Emperor Fushimi">Fushimi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Go-Fushimi" title="Emperor Go-Fushimi">Go-Fushimi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Go-Nij%C5%8D" title="Emperor Go-Nijō">Go-Nijō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Hanazono" title="Emperor Hanazono">Hanazono</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Go-Daigo" title="Emperor Go-Daigo">Go-Daigo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Northern_Court" title="Northern Court">Northern Court</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="1333–1392" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;font-weight:normal; font-size:90%;">1333–1392</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_K%C5%8Dgon" title="Emperor Kōgon">Kōgon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_K%C5%8Dmy%C5%8D" title="Emperor Kōmyō">Kōmyō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Suk%C5%8D" title="Emperor Sukō">Sukō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Go-K%C5%8Dgon" title="Emperor Go-Kōgon">Go-Kōgon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Go-En%27y%C5%AB" title="Emperor Go-En'yū">Go-En'yū</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Go-Komatsu" title="Emperor Go-Komatsu">Go-Komatsu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Muromachi_period" title="Muromachi period">Muromachi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="1333–1573" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;font-weight:normal; font-size:90%;">1333–1573</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Go-Murakami" title="Emperor Go-Murakami">Go-Murakami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Ch%C5%8Dkei" title="Emperor Chōkei">Chōkei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Go-Kameyama" title="Emperor Go-Kameyama">Go-Kameyama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Go-Komatsu" title="Emperor Go-Komatsu">Go-Komatsu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Sh%C5%8Dk%C5%8D" title="Emperor Shōkō">Shōkō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Go-Hanazono" title="Emperor Go-Hanazono">Go-Hanazono</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Go-Tsuchimikado" title="Emperor Go-Tsuchimikado">Go-Tsuchimikado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Go-Kashiwabara" title="Emperor Go-Kashiwabara">Go-Kashiwabara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Go-Nara" title="Emperor Go-Nara">Go-Nara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_%C5%8Cgimachi" title="Emperor Ōgimachi">Ōgimachi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Azuchi%E2%80%93Momoyama_period" title="Azuchi–Momoyama period">Azuchi-Momoyama</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="1573–1603" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;font-weight:normal; font-size:90%;">1573–1603</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_%C5%8Cgimachi" title="Emperor Ōgimachi">Ōgimachi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Go-Y%C5%8Dzei" title="Emperor Go-Yōzei">Go-Yōzei</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Edo_period" title="Edo period">Edo</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="1603–1868" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;font-weight:normal; font-size:90%;">1603–1868</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Go-Y%C5%8Dzei" title="Emperor Go-Yōzei">Go-Yōzei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Go-Mizunoo" title="Emperor Go-Mizunoo">Go-Mizunoo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empress_Meish%C5%8D" title="Empress Meishō">Meishō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Go-K%C5%8Dmy%C5%8D" title="Emperor Go-Kōmyō">Go-Kōmyō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Go-Sai" title="Emperor Go-Sai">Go-Sai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Reigen" title="Emperor Reigen">Reigen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Higashiyama" title="Emperor Higashiyama">Higashiyama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Nakamikado" title="Emperor Nakamikado">Nakamikado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Sakuramachi" title="Emperor Sakuramachi">Sakuramachi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Momozono" title="Emperor Momozono">Momozono</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empress_Go-Sakuramachi" title="Empress Go-Sakuramachi">Go-Sakuramachi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Go-Momozono" title="Emperor Go-Momozono">Go-Momozono</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_K%C5%8Dkaku" title="Emperor Kōkaku">Kōkaku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Nink%C5%8D" title="Emperor Ninkō">Ninkō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_K%C5%8Dmei" title="Emperor Kōmei">Kōmei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Meiji" title="Emperor Meiji">Meiji</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Japan" title="Empire of Japan">Empire of Japan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="1868–1947" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;font-weight:normal; font-size:90%;">1868–1947</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Meiji" title="Emperor Meiji">Meiji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Taish%C5%8D" title="Emperor Taishō">Taishō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hirohito" title="Hirohito">Shōwa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="1947–present" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;font-weight:normal; font-size:90%;">1947–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hirohito" title="Hirohito">Shōwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akihito" title="Akihito">Akihito</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naruhito" title="Naruhito">Naruhito</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:transparent; padding:0;"><div><figure class="mw-halign-right mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Japanese_Emperor.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Flag_of_the_Japanese_Emperor.svg/80px-Flag_of_the_Japanese_Emperor.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="53" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Flag_of_the_Japanese_Emperor.svg/120px-Flag_of_the_Japanese_Emperor.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Flag_of_the_Japanese_Emperor.svg/160px-Flag_of_the_Japanese_Emperor.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <p><i>Unless otherwise noted (as BC), years are in <a href="/wiki/Common_Era" title="Common Era">CE</a> / <a href="/wiki/Anno_Domini" title="Anno Domini">AD</a></i><span class="nowrap"> </span> <i><sup><b>*</b></sup> <a href="/wiki/Empress_of_Japan" title="Empress of Japan">Imperial Consort</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sessh%C5%8D_and_Kampaku" title="Sesshō and Kampaku">Regent</a> <a href="/wiki/Empress_Jing%C5%AB" title="Empress Jingū">Empress Jingū</a> is not traditionally listed.</i> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Family_tree_of_Japanese_monarchs" title="Family tree of Japanese monarchs">Imperial family tree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_House_of_Japan" title="Imperial House of Japan">Imperial House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Succession_to_the_Japanese_throne" title="Succession to the Japanese throne">Order of succession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_imperial_tombs" title="Japanese imperial tombs">Imperial tombs</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Emperors_of_Japan" title="Category:Emperors of Japan">Category</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q349271#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q349271#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q349271#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000053556804">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/4712513">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1679744/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJjmTrkJCJXT8GjRV7w3cP">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/1306718759">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/no2007077333">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/01091511">Japan</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" 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