Creation of the European External Action Service

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font-style: normal; } </style> </head> <body id="top" class="page-node-410508 menu-slim path-node page-node-type-topic-page"> <a href="#main-content" class="visually-hidden focusable skip-link"> Skip to main content </a> <script type="application/json">{"utility":"globan","theme":"dark","logo":true,"link":true,"mode":false}</script> <div class="dialog-off-canvas-main-canvas" data-off-canvas-main-canvas> <div id="page-wrapper"> <div id="page"> <header id="site-header" class="header" role="banner" aria-label="Site header"> <div class="container-xxxl"> <div class="row"> <div class="col py-3 py-0 text-left text-lg-left"> <div class="region region-header"> <div id="block-sitebranding" class="block block-system block-system-branding-block"> <a href="/eeas_en" rel="home" class="site-logo"> <img src="https://www.eeas.europa.eu/sites/default/files/styles/site_logo/public/media/2023/EEAS_Logo.png?itok=FKkeQ4Il" alt="Home" /> </a> <nav class="navbar"> <button class="navbar-toggler float-right px-2" type="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target="#main-menu" aria-controls="main-menu" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation"> <span class="navbar-toggler-icon"><i class="bi bi-list"></i></span> </button> </nav> <div class="site-name"> <a href="/eeas_en" title="Home" rel="home">The Diplomatic Service of the European Union</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-auto d-none position-static"> <div id="header-navigation" class="collapse d-lg-block"> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="region region-primary-menu"> <div id="block-placeholderforeeassubsitemenu" class="block block-eeas-sbs block-eeas-sbs__subsite-menu"> <nav id="main-menu" class="navbar collapse navbar-main-menu paragraph paragraph--type--menu paragraph--view-mode--full"> <ul class="navbar-nav container-xxxl"> <li class="nav-item dropdown has-megamenu paragraph paragraph--type--mega-dropdown paragraph--view-mode--default"> <a class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" href="#" id="navbarDropdown55008" role="button" data-bs-toggle="dropdown" data-bs-auto-close="outside" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false"> <div class="field field--name-field-title field--type-string field--label-hidden field__item">About us</div> </a> <div class="dropdown-menu mega-dropdown-menu" role="menu" aria-labelledby="navbarDropdown55008"> <div class="container-xxxl"> <div class="row"> <div class="d-none d-lg-block col-lg-3 menu-featured"> <div class="field field--name-field-media field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__item"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/megamenu/public/media/EEAS%20Building_Spring%202018_SP.jpg?h=cbbd3c6e&itok=zUOrDhqi" width="300" height="150" alt="The headquarters of the European External Action Service (EEAS), Brussels, Belgium" class="img-fluid image-style-megamenu" /> </div> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-text field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p>The European External Action Service (EEAS) is the European Union’s diplomatic service. Since 2011, the EEAS carries out the EU’s Common Foreign and Security Policy to promote peace, prosperity, security, and the interests of Europeans across the globe.</p> </div> </div> <div class="col-lg-9 menu-sections"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-6 paragraph paragraph--type--mega-dropdown-section paragraph--view-mode--default"> <h4 class="menu-title"> <div class="field field--name-field-level2-link field--type-link field--label-hidden field__item"><a href="/eeas/about-european-external-action-service_en">About the European External Action Service</a></div> </h4> <div class="menu-text"> </div> <div class="menu-subsections"> <div class="field field--name-field-level3-links field--type-link field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">See also</div> <div class='field__items'> <div class="field__item"><a href="/eeas/creation-european-external-action-service_en">Creation of the EEAS</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/eeas/annual-reports_en">Annual reports</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/eeas/structure-and-organisation_en">Structure and Organisation</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-6 paragraph paragraph--type--mega-dropdown-section paragraph--view-mode--default"> <h4 class="menu-title"> <div class="field field--name-field-level2-link field--type-link field--label-hidden field__item"><a href="/eeas/high-representative-vice-president_en">High Representative / Vice President</a></div> </h4> <div class="menu-text"> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-text field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p><span><span>The EU High Representative for Foreign Affairs shapes the standing of the European Union on the global stage.</span></span></p> </div> </div> <div class="menu-subsections"> <div class="field field--name-field-level3-links field--type-link field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">See also</div> <div class='field__items'> <div class="field__item"><a href="/eeas/window-world-blog-hrvp-josep-borrell_en">HR/VP Josep Borrell personal blog post</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-6 paragraph paragraph--type--mega-dropdown-section paragraph--view-mode--default"> <h4 class="menu-title"> <div class="field field--name-field-level2-link field--type-link field--label-hidden field__item"><a href="/eeas/about-european-external-action-service_en">The EU international roles</a></div> </h4> <div class="menu-text"> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-text field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p>All over the world, the European External Action Service, in coordination with  the European Union institutions, addresses EU foreign policy priorities, including civilian and military planning and crisis response.</p> </div> </div> <div class="menu-subsections"> <div class="field field--name-field-level3-links field--type-link field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">See also</div> <div class='field__items'> <div class="field__item"><a href="/eeas/consular-protection-eu-citizens_en">Consular protection for EU citizens</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/filter-page-diplomatic-corps_en">Diplomatic corps</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-6 paragraph paragraph--type--mega-dropdown-section paragraph--view-mode--default"> <h4 class="menu-title"> <div class="field field--name-field-level2-link field--type-link field--label-hidden field__item"><a href="/eeas/eu-special-representatives_en">EU special representatives</a></div> </h4> <div class="menu-text"> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-text field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p>The European Union has Special Representatives in different countries and regions of the world.</p> </div> </div> <div class="menu-subsections"> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-6 paragraph paragraph--type--mega-dropdown-section paragraph--view-mode--default"> <h4 class="menu-title"> <div class="field field--name-field-level2-link field--type-link field--label-hidden field__item"><a href="/eeas/contact_en">Get in touch</a></div> </h4> <div class="menu-text"> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-text field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p>Contact the European External Action Service, ask general questions on the European Union or get information on visiting the EEAS.</p> </div> </div> <div class="menu-subsections"> <div class="field field--name-field-level3-links field--type-link field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">See also</div> <div class='field__items'> <div class="field__item"><a href="/eeas/visit-european-external-action-service_en">Visit the EEAS</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row highlights--menu-component"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="nav-item dropdown has-megamenu paragraph paragraph--type--mega-dropdown paragraph--view-mode--default"> <a class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" href="#" id="navbarDropdown55019" role="button" data-bs-toggle="dropdown" data-bs-auto-close="outside" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false"> <div class="field field--name-field-title field--type-string field--label-hidden field__item">EU in the World</div> </a> <div class="dropdown-menu mega-dropdown-menu" role="menu" aria-labelledby="navbarDropdown55019"> <div class="container-xxxl"> <div class="row"> <div class="d-none d-lg-block col-lg-3 menu-featured"> <div class="field field--name-field-media field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__item"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/megamenu/public/media_for_gallery/inside_draft_EN-2022-02Feb_02-2.jpg?h=7bf19682&itok=KEdRb7lK" width="300" height="150" alt="EU diplomatic representations around the world" class="img-fluid image-style-megamenu" /> </div> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-text field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p>The EU maintains diplomatic relations with nearly all countries in the world and undertakes a range of actions with strategic partners, key international players, and emerging and developing powers. </p> </div> </div> <div class="col-lg-9 menu-sections"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-6 paragraph paragraph--type--mega-dropdown-section paragraph--view-mode--default"> <h4 class="menu-title"> <div class="field field--name-field-level2-link field--type-link field--label-hidden field__item"><a href="/topic-page/about-european-external-action-service_en#8419">EU Diplomatic Representations</a></div> </h4> <div class="menu-text"> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-text field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p>The Diplomatic Representations play a vital role in representing the EU and its citizens around the globe and building networks and partnerships.</p> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-inline-dropdown field--type-entity-reference-revisions field--label-hidden field__item"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--menu-inline-dropdown paragraph--view-mode--default"> <label for="menu-inline-dropdown55010" class="visually-hidden">Select Diplomatic Representation</label> <select id="menu-inline-dropdown55010" class="select2-enabled" onchange="location = this.value;"> <option value=""> <div class="field field--name-field-title field--type-string field--label-hidden field__item">Select Diplomatic Representation</div> </option> <option value="/afghanistan_en">Afghanistan</option> <option value="/albania_en">Albania</option> <option value="/african-union-au_en">African Union</option> <option value="/algeria_en">Algeria</option> <option value="/angola_en">Angola</option> <option value="/delegations/argentina_en">Argentina</option> <option value="/armenia_en">Armenia</option> <option value="/association-southeast-asian-nations-asean_en">ASEAN</option> <option value="/australia_en">Australia</option> <option value="/azerbaijan_en">Azerbaijan</option> <option value="/bangladesh_en">Bangladesh</option> <option value="/barbados_en">Barbados, Eastern Caribbean States, OECS & CARICOM/CARIFORUM</option> <option value="/belarus_en">Belarus</option> <option value="/benin_en">Benin</option> <option value="/bolivia_en">Bolivia</option> <option value="/bosnia-and-herzegovina_en">Bosnia and Herzegovina</option> <option value="/botswana_en">Botswana</option> <option value="/brazil_en">Brazil</option> <option value="/burkina-faso_en">Burkina Faso</option> <option value="/burundi_en"> Burundi</option> <option value="/cabo-verde_en">Cabo Verde</option> <option value="/cambodia_en">Cambodia</option> <option value="/cameroon_en">Cameroon</option> <option value="/canada_en">Canada</option> <option value="/central-african-republic_en">Central African Republic</option> <option value="/chile_en">Chile</option> <option value="/china_en">China</option> <option value="/colombia_en">Colombia</option> <option value="/congo-brazzaville_en">Congo (Brazzaville)</option> <option value="/costa-rica_en">Costa Rica</option> <option value="/cote-divoire_en">Côte d'Ivoire</option> <option value="/council-europe_en">Council of Europe</option> <option value="/cuba_en">Cuba</option> <option value="/djibouti_en">Djibouti</option> <option value="/dominican-republic_en">Dominican Republic</option> <option value="/dr-congo-kinshasa_en">DR Congo (Kinshasa)</option> <option value="/ecuador_en">Ecuador</option> <option value="/egypt_en">Egypt</option> <option value="/el-salvador_en">El Salvador</option> <option value="/eritrea_en">Eritrea</option> <option value="/eswatini_en">Eswatini</option> <option value="/ethiopia_en">Ethiopia</option> <option value="/fiji_en">Fiji-Pacific</option> <option value="/gabon_en">Gabon, Sao Tomé-and-Principe and ECCAS</option> <option value="/gambia_en">Gambia</option> <option value="/georgia_en">Georgia</option> <option value="/ghana_en">Ghana</option> <option value="/guatemala_en">Guatemala</option> <option value="/guinea_en">Guinea</option> <option value="/guinea-bissau_en">Guinea-Bissau</option> <option value="/guyana_en">Guyana, Suriname, & Aruba, Bonaire, Curacao, Saba, Saint Barthelemy, Sint Eustatius, Sint Maarten</option> <option value="/haiti_en">Haiti</option> <option value="/honduras_en">Honduras</option> <option value="/hong-kong_en">Hong Kong & Macao</option> <option value="/iceland_en">Iceland</option> <option value="/india_en">India & Bhutan</option> <option value="/indonesia_en">Indonesia & Brunei Darussalam</option> <option value="/iraq_en">Iraq</option> <option value="/israel_en">Israel</option> <option value="/jamaica_en">Jamaica, Belize, Turks, Caicos Islands, Bahamas & Cayman Islands</option> <option value="/japan_en">Japan</option> <option value="/jordan_en">Jordan</option> <option value="/kazakhstan_en">Kazakhstan</option> <option value="/kenya_en">Kenya</option> <option value="/kosovo_en">Kosovo*</option> <option value="/kuwait_en">Kuwait</option> <option value="/kyrgyz-republic_en">Kyrgyz Republic</option> <option value="/lao-pdr_en">Lao PDR</option> <option value="/lebanon_en">Lebanon</option> <option value="/lesotho_en">Lesotho</option> <option value="/liberia_en">Liberia</option> <option value="/libya_en">Libya</option> <option value="/madagascar_en">Madagascar and the Union of the Comoros</option> <option value="/malawi_en">Malawi</option> <option value="/malaysia_en">Malaysia</option> <option value="/mali_en">Mali</option> <option value="/mauritania_en">Mauritania</option> <option value="/mauritius_en">Mauritius, Mayotte & Seychelles</option> <option value="/mexico_en">Mexico</option> <option value="/moldova_en">Moldova</option> <option value="/mongolia_en">Mongolia</option> <option value="/montenegro_en">Montenegro</option> <option value="/morocco_en">Morocco</option> <option value="/mozambique_en">Mozambique</option> <option value="/myanmar-burma_en">Myanmar (Burma)</option> <option value="/namibia_en">Namibia</option> <option value="/nepal_en">Nepal</option> <option value="/new-zealand_en">New Zealand</option> <option value="/nicaragua_en">Nicaragua</option> <option value="/niger_en">Niger</option> <option value="/nigeria_en">Nigeria</option> <option value="/republic-north-macedonia_en">North Macedonia</option> <option value="/norway_en">Norway</option> <option value="/pakistan_en">Pakistan</option> <option value="/palestine-occupied-palestinian-territory-west-bank-and-gaza-strip_en">Palestine (*) - Occupied Palestinian Territory, West Bank and Gaza Strip</option> <option value="/panama_en">Panama</option> <option value="/papua-new-guinea_en">Papua New Guinea</option> <option value="/paraguay_en">Paraguay</option> <option value="/paris-oecd-and-un_en">OECD&UNESCO in Paris & Principalities of Andorra and Monaco</option> <option value="/peru_en">Peru</option> <option value="/philippines_en">Philippines</option> <option value="/qatar_en">Qatar</option> <option value="/russia_en">Russia</option> <option value="/rwanda_en">Rwanda</option> <option value="/saudi-arabia_en">Saudi Arabia, Oman & Bahrain</option> <option value="/senegal_en">Senegal</option> <option value="/serbia_en">Serbia</option> <option value="/sierra-leone_en">Sierra Leone</option> <option value="/singapore_en">Singapore</option> <option value="/somalia_en">Somalia</option> <option value="/south-africa_en">South Africa</option> <option value="/south-korea_en">South Korea</option> <option value="/south-sudan_en">South Sudan</option> <option value="/sri-lanka_en">Sri Lanka & Maldives</option> <option value="/sudan_en">Sudan</option> <option value="/switzerland_en">Switzerland and Liechtenstein</option> <option value="/syria_en">Syria</option> <option value="/taiwan_en">Taiwan</option> <option value="/tajikistan_en">Tajikistan</option> <option value="/tanzania_en">Tanzania</option> <option value="/tchad_en">Tchad</option> <option value="/thailand_en">Thailand</option> <option value="/timor-leste_en">Timor-Leste</option> <option value="/togo_en">Togo</option> <option value="/trinidad-and-tobago_en">Trinidad and Tobago</option> <option value="/tunisia_en">Tunisia</option> <option value="/delegations/türkiye_en">Türkiye</option> <option value="/turkmenistan_en">Turkmenistan</option> <option value="/uganda_en">Uganda</option> <option value="/ukraine_en">Ukraine</option> <option value="/un-geneva_en">United Nations & other international organisations - Geneva</option> <option value="/un-new-york_en">United Nations - New York</option> <option value="/un-rome_en">United Nations organisations in Rome, Holy See, Order of Malta, Republic of San Marino</option> <option value="/united-arab-emirates_en">United Arab Emirates</option> <option value="/united-kingdom_en">United Kingdom</option> <option value="/united-states-america_en">United States of America</option> <option value="/uruguay_en">Uruguay</option> <option value="/uzbekistan_en">Uzbekistan</option> <option value="/venezuela_en">Venezuela</option> <option value="/vienna-international-organisations_en">International Organisations in Vienna</option> <option value="/vietnam_en">Vietnam</option> <option value="/world-trade-organization-wto_en">World Trade Organization (WTO)</option> <option value="/yemen_en">Yemen</option> <option value="/zambia_en">Zambia and COMESA</option> <option value="/zimbabwe_en">Zimbabwe</option> </select> </div> </div> </div> <div class="menu-subsections"> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-6 paragraph paragraph--type--mega-dropdown-section paragraph--view-mode--default"> <h4 class="menu-title"> <div class="field field--name-field-level2-link field--type-link field--label-hidden field__item"><a href="https://www.eeas.europa.eu/eeas/missions-and-operations_en">Military & civilian missions & operations</a></div> </h4> <div class="menu-text"> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-text field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p>Since the first CSDP missions and operations were launched back in 2003, the EU has undertaken over 37 overseas operations, using civilian and military missions and operations in several countries in Europe, Africa and Asia. As of today, there are 21 ongoing CSDP missions and operations, 12 of which are civilian, and 9 military.</p> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-inline-dropdown field--type-entity-reference-revisions field--label-hidden field__item"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--menu-inline-dropdown paragraph--view-mode--default"> <label for="menu-inline-dropdown55012" class="visually-hidden">Select mission & operation</label> <select id="menu-inline-dropdown55012" class="select2-enabled" onchange="location = this.value;"> <option value=""> <div class="field field--name-field-title field--type-string field--label-hidden field__item">Select mission & operation</div> </option> <option value="https://eunavfor.eu/">EU NAVFOR Somalia</option> <option value="/eu-racc-sahel_en">EU RACC Sahel</option> <option value="https://www.euam-iraq.eu/">EUAM Iraq</option> <option value="/euam-rca_en">EUAM RCA</option> <option value="https://www.euam-ukraine.eu/">EUAM Ukraine</option> <option value="/eubam-libya_en">EUBAM Libya</option> <option value="https://eubam.org/">EUBAM Moldova and Ukraine</option> <option value="https://www.eubam-rafah.eu/"> EUBAM Rafah</option> <option value="/eucap-sahel-mali_en">EUCAP Sahel Mali</option> <option value="https://www.eucap-sahel.eu/">EUCAP Sahel Niger</option> <option value="/eucap-somalia_en">EUCAP Somalia</option> <option value="http://www.euforbih.org/">EUFOR Althea</option> <option value="https://www.eulex-kosovo.eu/">EULEX Kosovo</option> <option value="/euma_en">EUM Armenia</option> <option value="/eumam-ukraine_en">EUMAM Ukraine</option> <option value="https://www.eumm.eu/">EUMM Georgia</option> <option value="/eumpm-niger_en">EUMPM Niger</option> <option value="/eunavfor-aspides_en">EUNAVFOR ASPIDES</option> <option value="https://www.operationirini.eu/">EUNAVFOR MED operation IRINI</option> <option value="/eupm-moldova_en">EUPM Moldova</option> <option value="https://eupolcopps.eu/">EUPOL COPPS/Palestinian Territories</option> <option value="/eu-sdi-gulf-guinea_en">EU SDI Gulf of Guinea</option> <option value="/eutm-mozambique_en">EUTM Mozambique</option> <option value="/eutm-rca_en">EUTM RCA</option> <option value="https://www.eutm-somalia.eu/">EUTM Somalia</option> <option value="http://eutmmali.eu/">EUTM Mali</option> </select> </div> </div> </div> <div class="menu-subsections"> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-6 paragraph paragraph--type--mega-dropdown-section paragraph--view-mode--default"> <h4 class="menu-title"> <div class="field field--name-field-level2-link field--type-link field--label-hidden field__item"><span>Regions</span></div> </h4> <div class="menu-text"> </div> <div class="menu-subsections"> <div class="field field--name-field-level3-links field--type-link field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">See also</div> <div class='field__items'> <div class="field__item"><a href="/eeas/africa-and-eu_en">Africa</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/eeas/asia_en">Asia</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/eeas/central-asia_en">Central Asia</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/eeas/eastern-europe_en">Eastern Europe</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/eeas/latin-america-and-caribbean_en">Latin America & the Caribbean</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/eeas/middle-east-and-north-africa-mena_en">Middle East and North Africa (MENA)</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/eeas/north-america-canada-and-united-states_en">North America</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/eeas/overseas-countries-and-territories_en">Overseas Countries and Territories (OCTs)</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/eeas/pacific_en">Pacific</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/eeas/western-balkans_en">Western Balkans</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/eeas/western-europe_en">Western Europe</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-6 paragraph paragraph--type--mega-dropdown-section paragraph--view-mode--default"> <h4 class="menu-title"> <div class="field field--name-field-level2-link field--type-link field--label-hidden field__item"><span>Regional policies</span></div> </h4> <div class="menu-text"> </div> <div class="menu-subsections"> <div class="field field--name-field-level3-links field--type-link field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">See also</div> <div class='field__items'> <div class="field__item"><a href="/eeas/black-sea-synergy_en">Black Sea Synergy</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/topic-page/eu-arctic_en">EU Arctic Policy</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/eeas/eastern-partnership_en">Eastern Partnership</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/eeas/belgrade-pristina-dialogue_en">EU Facilitated Dialogue: Belgrade-Pristina relations</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/eeas/european-neighbourhood-policy_en">European Neighbourhood Policy</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/eeas/eu-and-middle-east-peace-process_en">Middle East Peace Process</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/topic-page/eu-arctic_en#10590">Northern Dimension</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/eu-indo-pacific-strategy-topic_en">EU Indo-Pacific Strategy</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-6 paragraph paragraph--type--mega-dropdown-section paragraph--view-mode--default"> <h4 class="menu-title"> <div class="field field--name-field-level2-link field--type-link field--label-hidden field__item"><a href="/eeas/eu-election-observation-missions-1_en">Election observation missions</a></div> </h4> <div class="menu-text"> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-text field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p>Election observation missions (EOMs) provide a comprehensive, independent and impartial assessment of an electoral process according to international standards for democratic elections. The EU is a worldwide recognised credible actor in international election observation. Since 2000, the EU has deployed over 160 EOMs in more than 60 countries.</p> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-inline-dropdown field--type-entity-reference-revisions field--label-hidden field__item"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--menu-inline-dropdown paragraph--view-mode--default"> <label for="menu-inline-dropdown55016" class="visually-hidden">Selection Election Observation Missions</label> <select id="menu-inline-dropdown55016" class="select2-enabled" onchange="location = this.value;"> <option value=""> <div class="field field--name-field-title field--type-string field--label-hidden field__item">Selection Election Observation Missions</div> </option> <option value="/eom-s%C3%A9n%C3%A9gal-2024_fr?s=410357">EOM Senegal 2024</option> <option value="/moe-rd-congo-2023_fr">EOM DR Congo 2023</option> <option value="/eom-liberia-2023_en">EOM Liberia 2023</option> <option value="/eom-maldives-2023_en">EOM Maldives 2023</option> <option value="/eom-zimbabwe-2023_en">EOM Zimbabwe 2023</option> <option value="/eom-guatemala-2023_es">EOM Guatemala 2023</option> <option value="/eom-nigeria-2023_en">EOM Nigeria 2023</option> <option value="/eom-paraguay-2023_es?s=410304">EOM Paraguay 2023</option> <option value="/eom-sierra-leone-2023_en">EOM Sierra Leone 2023</option> <option value="/eom-colombia-2022_en">EOM Colombia 2022</option> <option value="/eom-kenya-2022_en">EOM Kenya 2022</option> <option value="/eom-lebanon-2022_en">EOM Lebanon 2022</option> <option value="/eom-lesotho-2022_en">EOM Lesotho 2022</option> <option value="/eom-sao-tome-e-principe-2022_en">EOM São Tomé e Príncipe 2022</option> <option value="/eom-timor-leste-2022_en">EOM Timor Leste 2022</option> </select> </div> </div> </div> <div class="menu-subsections"> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-6 paragraph paragraph--type--mega-dropdown-section paragraph--view-mode--default"> <h4 class="menu-title"> <div class="field field--name-field-level2-link field--type-link field--label-hidden field__item"><a href="/eeas/iran-and-eu-0_en">Iran & JCPOA</a></div> </h4> <div class="menu-text"> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-text field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p>Since 2006, the EU High Representative has led diplomatic efforts between the E3/EU+3 (China, France, Germany, Russia, the United Kingdom and the United States) and Iran, which led to the conclusion of the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action on Iran’s nuclear program (JCPOA) in Vienna on 14 July 2015. The JCPOA is designed to ensure that Iran’s nuclear programme will be exclusively peaceful and provides for the comprehensive lifting of UN, EU and US nuclear-related sanctions.</p> </div> </div> <div class="menu-subsections"> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row highlights--menu-component"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="nav-item dropdown has-megamenu paragraph paragraph--type--mega-dropdown paragraph--view-mode--default"> <a class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" href="#" id="navbarDropdown55037" role="button" data-bs-toggle="dropdown" data-bs-auto-close="outside" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false"> <div class="field field--name-field-title field--type-string field--label-hidden field__item">What we do</div> </a> <div class="dropdown-menu mega-dropdown-menu" role="menu" aria-labelledby="navbarDropdown55037"> <div class="container-xxxl"> <div class="row"> <div class="d-none d-lg-block col-lg-3 menu-featured"> <div class="field field--name-field-media field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__item"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/megamenu/public/media/flag-nature-web.jpg?h=90d10537&itok=m7DYeFNO" width="300" height="150" alt="Woman holding the EU flag - Shutterstock" class="img-fluid image-style-megamenu" /> </div> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-text field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p>All over the world, the EU works to prevent and resolve conflicts, to support resilient democracies, to promote human rights and sustainable development, to fight climate change, and to contribute to a rules-based global order.</p> </div> </div> <div class="col-lg-9 menu-sections"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-6 paragraph paragraph--type--mega-dropdown-section paragraph--view-mode--default"> <h4 class="menu-title"> <div class="field field--name-field-level2-link field--type-link field--label-hidden field__item"><a href="/eeas/eu-peace-security-and-defence_en">EU Peace, Security and Defence</a></div> </h4> <div class="menu-text"> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-text field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p>In an increasingly interconnected world, Europe’s security starts abroad. European citizens expect and deserve to live in a safe and stable environment. In the face of increased global instability, the EU needs to take more responsibility for its own security and increase its capacity to act autonomously.</p> </div> </div> <div class="menu-subsections"> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-6 paragraph paragraph--type--mega-dropdown-section paragraph--view-mode--default"> <h4 class="menu-title"> <div class="field field--name-field-level2-link field--type-link field--label-hidden field__item"><a href="https://www.eeas.europa.eu/eeas/crisis-response_en">Crisis Response</a></div> </h4> <div class="menu-text"> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-text field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p><span><span>Crises can affect EU citizens, staff and interests outside of the EU. To protect them, the EU is strengthening its response to security and consular crises. The EEAS Crisis Response Centre contributes to this work. </span></span></p> </div> </div> <div class="menu-subsections"> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-6 paragraph paragraph--type--mega-dropdown-section paragraph--view-mode--default"> <h4 class="menu-title"> <div class="field field--name-field-level2-link field--type-link field--label-hidden field__item"><a href="/eeas/human-rights-democracy_en">Human Rights & Democracy </a></div> </h4> <div class="menu-text"> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-text field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p>In a shifting geopolitical landscape, the EU has remained a strong defender of human rights. New geopolitical rivalries only serve to underline its role as a reliable and stable partner, and a champion of the rules-based international order.</p> </div> </div> <div class="menu-subsections"> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-6 paragraph paragraph--type--mega-dropdown-section paragraph--view-mode--default"> <h4 class="menu-title"> <div class="field field--name-field-level2-link field--type-link field--label-hidden field__item"><a href="/eeas/gender-and-diversity_en">Gender & Diversity</a></div> </h4> <div class="menu-text"> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-text field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p><span><span><span><span>Gender equality and women’s empowerment, but also diversity in the broadest sense of the word, are political objectives and priorities of the EU in all of its internal and external policy.</span> </span></span></span></p> </div> </div> <div class="menu-subsections"> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-6 paragraph paragraph--type--mega-dropdown-section paragraph--view-mode--default"> <h4 class="menu-title"> <div class="field field--name-field-level2-link field--type-link field--label-hidden field__item"><a href="/eeas/climate-environment-energy_en">Climate, Environment & Energy </a></div> </h4> <div class="menu-text"> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-text field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p>Climate change and environmental degradation are an existential threat to Europe and the world. The EU promotes the approach of the European Green Deal of a just transition towards sustainable, resource-efficient and climate neutral economies and energy systems.</p> </div> </div> <div class="menu-subsections"> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-6 paragraph paragraph--type--mega-dropdown-section paragraph--view-mode--default"> <h4 class="menu-title"> <div class="field field--name-field-level2-link field--type-link field--label-hidden field__item"><a href="/eeas/multilateral-relations_en">Multilateral relations</a></div> </h4> <div class="menu-text"> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-text field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p>In today’s world marked by major geopolitical and economic power shifts, multilateralism is still the most effective means to govern global relations in a way that benefits all. The EU stands committed to a renewed multilateralism fit for the 21st century.</p> </div> </div> <div class="menu-subsections"> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-6 paragraph paragraph--type--mega-dropdown-section paragraph--view-mode--default"> <h4 class="menu-title"> <div class="field field--name-field-level2-link field--type-link field--label-hidden field__item"><a href="/eeas/migration-forced-displacement_en">Migration & Forced Displacement</a></div> </h4> <div class="menu-text"> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-text field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p><span><span>Migration is a global phenomenon presenting a unique set of challenges while offering substantial benefits to countries of origin and destination as well as migrants. The EU works to ensure that migration takes place in a safe, regular and sustainable manner. </span></span></p> </div> </div> <div class="menu-subsections"> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-6 paragraph paragraph--type--mega-dropdown-section paragraph--view-mode--default"> <h4 class="menu-title"> <div class="field field--name-field-level2-link field--type-link field--label-hidden field__item"><a href="/eeas/eu-enlargement-and-neighbourhood-relations_en">EU Enlargement & Neighbourhood</a></div> </h4> <div class="menu-text"> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-text field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p>The EU prioritises development and stability in the wider region and neighbourhood, working in close partnership with its neighbours to the East and South and supporting the reforms required by countries that want to become EU members.</p> </div> </div> <div class="menu-subsections"> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-6 paragraph paragraph--type--mega-dropdown-section paragraph--view-mode--default"> <h4 class="menu-title"> <div class="field field--name-field-level2-link field--type-link field--label-hidden field__item"><a href="/eeas/humanitarian-emergency-response_en">Humanitarian & Emergency response </a></div> </h4> <div class="menu-text"> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-text field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p>The European Union together with its Member States is the world’s leading humanitarian donor. <em><span><span>New challenges, same principles</span></span></em><span><span>, humanitarian aid is a key pillar of the EU’s external action and an important part of its ability to project its values globally. </span></span></p> </div> </div> <div class="menu-subsections"> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-6 paragraph paragraph--type--mega-dropdown-section paragraph--view-mode--default"> <h4 class="menu-title"> <div class="field field--name-field-level2-link field--type-link field--label-hidden field__item"><a href="/eeas/international-cooperation-partnership_en">International cooperation & partnership</a></div> </h4> <div class="menu-text"> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-text field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p>The European Union, more than ever, needs to work closely with partners to face the global challenges and build together a safer, greener, more prosperous and equal world.</p> </div> </div> <div class="menu-subsections"> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-6 paragraph paragraph--type--mega-dropdown-section paragraph--view-mode--default"> <h4 class="menu-title"> <div class="field field--name-field-level2-link field--type-link field--label-hidden field__item"><a href="/eeas/culture-%E2%80%93-implementing-eu-international-cultural-relations_en">Cultural relations</a></div> </h4> <div class="menu-text"> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-text field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p>Cultural diversity is one of the emblems of the EU and its Member States and a tool to strengthen cultural relations beyond our borders, to connect people worldwide, to share values, to improve international relations and to learn from each other’s practice. </p> </div> </div> <div class="menu-subsections"> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-6 paragraph paragraph--type--mega-dropdown-section paragraph--view-mode--default"> <h4 class="menu-title"> <div class="field field--name-field-level2-link field--type-link field--label-hidden field__item"><a href="/eeas/tackling-disinformation-foreign-information-manipulation-interference_en">Tackling Disinformation, Foreign Information Manipulation & Interference</a></div> </h4> <div class="menu-text"> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-text field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p><span><span><span><span>Since 2015, the EU has significantly improved its capacity to tackle Foreign Information Manipulation and Interference (FIMI), protecting the EU’s democratic processes, security and citizens.</span></span></span></span></p> </div> </div> <div class="menu-subsections"> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-6 paragraph paragraph--type--mega-dropdown-section paragraph--view-mode--default"> <h4 class="menu-title"> <div class="field field--name-field-level2-link field--type-link field--label-hidden field__item"><a href="/eeas/global-gateway_en">Global Gateway</a></div> </h4> <div class="menu-text"> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-text field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p>The Global Gateway is a new European strategy to boost smart, clean and secure links in digital, energy and transport sectors and to strengthen health, education and research systems across the world.</p> </div> </div> <div class="menu-subsections"> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-6 paragraph paragraph--type--mega-dropdown-section paragraph--view-mode--default"> <h4 class="menu-title"> <div class="field field--name-field-level2-link field--type-link field--label-hidden field__item"><a href="/eeas/digital-diplomacy_en">Digital Diplomacy</a></div> </h4> <div class="menu-text"> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-text field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p><span><span><span><span><span>Digital technologies have brought new opportunities into the lives of people around the world. They have also become key competitive parameters that can shift the balance of power. The goal of EU Digital Diplomacy is to secure the EU global role in the digital world, to protect its strategic interests and to promote its dynamic, human-centric regulatory framework for an inclusive digital transformation.</span></span></span></span></span></p> </div> </div> <div class="menu-subsections"> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-6 paragraph paragraph--type--mega-dropdown-section paragraph--view-mode--default"> <h4 class="menu-title"> <div class="field field--name-field-level2-link field--type-link field--label-hidden field__item"><a href="/eeas/economic-relations-trade-and-sustainability_en">Economic relations - Trade & sustainability</a></div> </h4> <div class="menu-text"> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-text field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p>In its trade relations, the EU promotes a sustainable growth model as defined by the European Green Deal and the European Digital Strategy, which can help the recovery from the COVID-19 economic crisis.</p> </div> </div> <div class="menu-subsections"> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-6 paragraph paragraph--type--mega-dropdown-section paragraph--view-mode--default"> <h4 class="menu-title"> <div class="field field--name-field-level2-link field--type-link field--label-hidden field__item"><a href="/eeas/european-union-sanctions_en">EU Sanctions</a></div> </h4> <div class="menu-text"> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-text field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p>Restrictive measures, or sanctions, are one of the EU's tools to promote the objectives of the Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP). </p> </div> </div> <div class="menu-subsections"> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-6 paragraph paragraph--type--mega-dropdown-section paragraph--view-mode--default"> <h4 class="menu-title"> <div class="field field--name-field-level2-link field--type-link field--label-hidden field__item"><a href="/eeas/science-diplomacy_en">Science Diplomacy</a></div> </h4> <div class="menu-text"> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-text field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p><span><span><span>Science and technology play an increasing role in the geopolitical arena. </span></span></span></p> </div> </div> <div class="menu-subsections"> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-6 paragraph paragraph--type--mega-dropdown-section paragraph--view-mode--default"> <h4 class="menu-title"> <div class="field field--name-field-level2-link field--type-link field--label-hidden field__item"><a href="https://www.eeas.europa.eu/eeas/public-diplomacy_en">Public Diplomacy</a></div> </h4> <div class="menu-text"> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-text field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p>Building bridges between the European Union and the rest of the world</p> </div> </div> <div class="menu-subsections"> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-6 paragraph paragraph--type--mega-dropdown-section paragraph--view-mode--default"> <h4 class="menu-title"> <div class="field field--name-field-level2-link field--type-link field--label-hidden field__item"><a href="https://www.eeas.europa.eu/eeas/international-days_en">International Days</a></div> </h4> <div class="menu-text"> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-text field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p><span><span><span><span>International days are key moments on the global calendar dedicated to celebrating, raising awareness and taking action on pressing issues that affect us all.  From honouring human rights to championing environmental sustainability, these days unite organisations, communities, and individuals worldwide</span><span> for change - one celebration, one cause, one action at a time.</span></span></span></span></p> </div> </div> <div class="menu-subsections"> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row highlights--menu-component"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="nav-item dropdown has-megamenu paragraph paragraph--type--mega-dropdown paragraph--view-mode--default"> <a class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" href="#" id="navbarDropdown55046" role="button" data-bs-toggle="dropdown" data-bs-auto-close="outside" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false"> <div class="field field--name-field-title field--type-string field--label-hidden field__item">Newsroom & resources</div> </a> <div class="dropdown-menu mega-dropdown-menu" role="menu" aria-labelledby="navbarDropdown55046"> <div class="container-xxxl"> <div class="row"> <div class="d-none d-lg-block col-lg-3 menu-featured"> <div class="field field--name-field-media field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__item"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/megamenu/public/media/press-section-menu.jpg?h=8f967d64&itok=9KYcpJAq" width="300" height="150" alt="microphones with a EU flag in the background" class="img-fluid image-style-megamenu" /> </div> </div> <div class="col-lg-9 menu-sections"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-6 paragraph paragraph--type--mega-dropdown-section paragraph--view-mode--default"> <h4 class="menu-title"> <div class="field field--name-field-level2-link field--type-link field--label-hidden field__item"><a href="/filter-page/press-material_en?f%5B0%5D=press_site%3AEEAS">Press materials</a></div> </h4> <div class="menu-text"> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-text field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p>For media inquiries, please contact the <a href="//www.eeas.europa.eu/taxonomy/term/400308_en">EEAS press team</a></p> <p> </p> <p><a href="//www.eeas.europa.eu/news-channels_en"><span><span><span>Subscribe to our Press Alerts & Newsletters</span></span></span></a></p> </div> </div> <div class="menu-subsections"> <div class="field field--name-field-level3-links field--type-link field--label-above"> <div 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field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">See also</div> <div class='field__items'> <div class="field__item"><a href="/filter-page/publications_en?f%5B0%5D=publication_type%3AFact-sheet/Infographic">Factsheets</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/filter-page/publications_en?f%5B0%5D=publication_type%3AMiscellaneous">Documents</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/filter-page/publications_en?f%5B0%5D=publication_type%3AReport">Reports</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-6 paragraph paragraph--type--mega-dropdown-section paragraph--view-mode--default"> <h4 class="menu-title"> <div class="field field--name-field-level2-link field--type-link field--label-hidden field__item"><a href="/eeas/media-gallery_en">Media gallery</a></div> </h4> <div class="menu-text"> </div> <div class="menu-subsections"> <div class="field field--name-field-level3-links field--type-link field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">See also</div> <div class='field__items'> <div class="field__item"><a href="/media-gallery_en?f%5B0%5D=media_type%3Avideo">Videos</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/media-gallery_en?f%5B0%5D=media_type%3Aphoto_gallery">Photos</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-6 paragraph paragraph--type--mega-dropdown-section paragraph--view-mode--default"> <h4 class="menu-title"> <div class="field field--name-field-level2-link field--type-link field--label-hidden field__item"><a href="/eeas/campaigns_en">Campaigns</a></div> </h4> <div class="menu-text"> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-text field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p>Campaign pages are created around specific topic and actions.</p> </div> </div> <div class="menu-subsections"> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-6 paragraph paragraph--type--mega-dropdown-section paragraph--view-mode--default"> <h4 class="menu-title"> <div class="field field--name-field-level2-link field--type-link field--label-hidden field__item"><span>Audiovisual & Streaming</span></div> </h4> <div class="menu-text"> </div> <div class="menu-subsections"> <div class="field field--name-field-level3-links field--type-link field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">See also</div> <div class='field__items'> <div class="field__item"><a href="http://ec.europa.eu/avservices/ebs/schedule.cfm">Europe by Satellite</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="https://video.consilium.europa.eu/">Council of EU - Live</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="https://newsroom.consilium.europa.eu/">Council of EU - Newsroom</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="http://www.europarltv.europa.eu/en/home.aspx">Europarl TV</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-6 paragraph paragraph--type--mega-dropdown-section paragraph--view-mode--default"> <h4 class="menu-title"> <div class="field field--name-field-level2-link field--type-link field--label-hidden field__item"><span>Other newsrooms</span></div> </h4> <div class="menu-text"> </div> <div class="menu-subsections"> <div class="field field--name-field-level3-links field--type-link field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">See also</div> <div class='field__items'> <div class="field__item"><a href="https://europa.eu/newsroom/home_en">EU Newsroom</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="https://europa.eu/newsroom/press-releases/databases_en">Other EU press release databases</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/press/">European Council Press Releases</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/home/en">EU Press corner</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-6 paragraph paragraph--type--mega-dropdown-section paragraph--view-mode--default"> <h4 class="menu-title"> <div class="field field--name-field-level2-link field--type-link field--label-hidden field__item"><span>Document databases and Archives</span></div> </h4> <div class="menu-text"> </div> <div class="menu-subsections"> <div class="field field--name-field-level3-links field--type-link field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">See also</div> <div class='field__items'> <div class="field__item"><a href="/eeas/eeas-archived-websites_en">EEAS Archived Websites</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="https://www.europa.eu/public-register/">EEAS Public register</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/documents-publications/">Public register of Council documents</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="https://ec.europa.eu/historical_archives/index_en.htm">EC Historical Archives</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="https://ec.europa.eu/international-partnerships/documents-library_en?f%25255B0%25255D=field_devco_ref_category_files%3A84">INTPA documents library</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row highlights--menu-component"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="nav-item dropdown has-megamenu paragraph paragraph--type--mega-dropdown paragraph--view-mode--default"> <a class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" href="#" id="navbarDropdown55053" role="button" data-bs-toggle="dropdown" data-bs-auto-close="outside" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false"> <div class="field field--name-field-title field--type-string field--label-hidden field__item">Opportunities</div> </a> <div class="dropdown-menu mega-dropdown-menu" role="menu" aria-labelledby="navbarDropdown55053"> <div class="container-xxxl"> <div class="row"> <div class="d-none d-lg-block col-lg-3 menu-featured"> <div class="field field--name-field-media field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__item"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/megamenu/public/media/opportunities.jpg?h=90d10537&itok=eFQfePu_" width="300" height="150" alt="Opportunities Shutterstock" class="img-fluid image-style-megamenu" /> </div> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-text field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p>Job opportunities, grants and tenders at the EEAS, EU Delegations and Missions and Operations.</p> </div> </div> <div class="col-lg-9 menu-sections"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-6 paragraph paragraph--type--mega-dropdown-section paragraph--view-mode--default"> <h4 class="menu-title"> <div class="field field--name-field-level2-link field--type-link field--label-hidden field__item"><a href="/filter-page/vacancies_en">Vacancies</a></div> </h4> <div class="menu-text"> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-text field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p>Looking for an exciting job in the field of external relations, foreign affairs and security? Find our vacancies</p> </div> </div> <div class="menu-subsections"> <div class="field field--name-field-level3-links field--type-link field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">See also</div> <div class='field__items'> <div class="field__item"><a href="/filter-page/vacancies_en?f%5B0%5D=contract_type%3AContract%20Agent">Contract Agents</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/filter-page/vacancies_en?f%5B0%5D=contract_type%3AEU%20Project%20position">EU Delegation Programmes</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/filter-page/vacancies_en?f%5B0%5D=contract_type%3ATrainee">Traineeships</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/filter-page/vacancies_en?f%5B0%5D=contract_type%3ACSDP%20Mission%20post">CSDP missions</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="https://www.eeas.europa.eu/eeas/junior-professionals-delegation-jpd-programme-0_en">Junior Professionals in Delegations (JPD) Programme</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="https://epso.europa.eu">EPSO</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-6 paragraph paragraph--type--mega-dropdown-section paragraph--view-mode--default"> <h4 class="menu-title"> <div class="field field--name-field-level2-link field--type-link field--label-hidden field__item"><a href="/eeas/tenders_en">Tenders</a></div> </h4> <div class="menu-text"> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-text field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p>Interested in one of the tenders? See how to apply for an EEAS call for tenders.</p> </div> </div> <div class="menu-subsections"> <div class="field field--name-field-level3-links field--type-link field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">See also</div> <div class='field__items'> <div class="field__item"><a href="/eeas/how-apply-eeas-call-tenders_en">How to apply for an EEAS call for tenders </a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/eeas/useful-links-and-documents-tenderers-and-contractors_en">Useful links and documents for tenderers and contractors</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/eeas/ex-post-publicity-annual-lists-contracts_en">Ex-post publicity of the annual lists of contracts</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="https://ted.europa.eu">Official Journal of the European Union (TED)</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-6 paragraph paragraph--type--mega-dropdown-section paragraph--view-mode--default"> <h4 class="menu-title"> <div class="field field--name-field-level2-link field--type-link field--label-hidden field__item"><a href="/eeas/auction-sales_en">Auction sales</a></div> </h4> <div class="menu-text"> </div> <div class="menu-subsections"> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-6 paragraph paragraph--type--mega-dropdown-section paragraph--view-mode--default"> <h4 class="menu-title"> <div class="field field--name-field-level2-link field--type-link field--label-hidden field__item"><a href="/eeas/grants_en">Grants</a></div> </h4> <div class="menu-text"> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-text field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p>Grants can be awarded as donations to third parties that are engaged in external aid activities. Grants are managed by EuropeAid (DEVCO) or DG Near, the EEAS does not manage any grant.</p> </div> </div> <div class="menu-subsections"> <div class="field field--name-field-level3-links field--type-link field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">See also</div> <div class='field__items'> <div class="field__item"><a href="https://ec.europa.eu/international-partnerships/grants_en">General information</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="https://ec.europa.eu/international-partnerships/grants_en#header-304">How to apply?</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-6 paragraph paragraph--type--mega-dropdown-section paragraph--view-mode--default"> <h4 class="menu-title"> <div class="field field--name-field-level2-link field--type-link field--label-hidden field__item"><a href="/filter-page/projects_en">Projects</a></div> </h4> <div class="menu-text"> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-text field--type-text-long field--label-hidden 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class="block block-system block-system-main-block"> <article class="node node--type-topic-page node--view-mode-full clearfix"> <header id="page-header" class="large"> <div class="breadcrumbs"> <div class="container-xxxl"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-12 col-sm"> <nav class="breadcrumb" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="system-breadcrumb"> <h2 id="system-breadcrumb" class="visually-hidden">Breadcrumb</h2> <ol> <li> <a href="/eeas_en">EEAS</a> </li> <li> Creation of the European External Action Service </li> </ol> </nav> </div> <div class="col-12 col-sm-auto text-sm-end"> <div class="content-share"> <div class="block block-eeas-webtools-social-share block-eeas-social-share"> <div class="ecl-social-media-share"> <script type="application/json">{"service":"share","version":"2.0","color":true,"stats":true}</script> </div> </div> </div>  <div class="content-pdf-print"> <a href="javascript:if(window.print)window.print()"><i class="bi bi-printer"></i> PRINT</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="container-xxxl"> <h3 class="section-title"> <div class="field field--name-field-section-name field--type-string field--label-hidden field__item">About us</div> </h3> <h1 class="node__title"> <h1 class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Creation of the European External Action Service</h1> </h1> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-text-teaser field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p><span><span><span><span><span><span>Formally launched on 1 January 2011, the European External Action Service (EEAS) was created by the Treaty of Lisbon which was signed in 2007 and entered into force in late 2009.</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> </div> <div class="node__meta"> <div > <i class="e-wall-clock3"></i> 19.08.2021 <span class="meta-separator"></span> <i class="e-profile"></i><a href="/taxonomy/term/400164_en" hreflang="en">Strategic Communications</a> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="node__content clearfix"> <section> <div class="container-xxxl"> <div class="row"> <div class="col"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"> <div class="info-text"> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-text field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p>The European External Action Service was established by <a href="//www.eeas.europa.eu/publication/council-decision-26-july-2010-establishing-organisation-and-functioning-european_en">decision of the Council of Ministers</a> on 26 July 2010 based on a <a href="http://register.consilium.europa.eu/doc/srv?l=EN&f=ST%208029%202010%20INIT">proposal</a> by the former High Representative Catherine Ashton.  The European Parliament had earlier adopted a resolution on the proposal by a large majority on  8 July 2010. The EEAS was formally launched on 1 January 2011.</p> </div> </div> <div class="toc-container"> <div class="item-list"><h3>On This Page</h3><ul><li><a href="#8621">10 years of the European External Action Service</a></li><li><a href="#10807">Working with other EU institutions</a></li><li><a href="#8625">Key dates</a></li></ul></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mt-5 mt-lg-0 col-lg-3"> <div class="field field--name-field-section-map field--type-entity-reference-revisions field--label-hidden field__item"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--section-map paragraph--view-mode--default"> <h4 class="section-title"> <div class="field field--name-field-title field--type-string field--label-hidden field__item">Navigate the topic</div> </h4> <nav class="navbar"> <ul class="navbar-nav"> <li class="nav-item"> <a href="/eeas/about-european-external-action-service_en" class="levelTop" hreflang="en">About the European External Action Service</a> <nav class="navbar"> <ul class="navbar-nav"> <li class="nav-item"> <a href="/eeas/creation-european-external-action-service_en" class="level2 is_active" hreflang="en">Creation of the European External Action Service</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a href="/eeas/high-representative-vice-president_en" class="level2" hreflang="en">High Representative / Vice President</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a href="/eeas/annual-reports_en" class="level2" hreflang="en">Annual reports</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a href="/eeas/structure-and-organisation_en" class="level2" hreflang="en">Structure and Organisation</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a href="/eeas/eu-special-representatives_en" class="level2" hreflang="en">EU Special Representatives</a> </li> </ul> </nav> </li> </ul> </nav> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section> <div class="container-xxxl"> <div class="row g-4 align-items-center paragraph paragraph--type--text-box-media-on-side paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="col-md-5"> <div class="card-media"> <div class="medias splide"> <div class="splide__slider"> <div class="splide__track"> <ul class="splide__list"><li class="splide__slide"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--media-w-caption paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="field field--name-field-media field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__item"><article class="media media--type-remote-video media--view-mode-text-box-media-on-side"> <div class="field field--name-field-media-oembed-video field--type-string field--label-visually_hidden"> <div class="field__label visually-hidden">Remote video URL</div> <div class="field__item"><iframe src="https://www.eeas.europa.eu/media/oembed_en?url=https%3A//youtu.be/fFYiTqWMy04&max_width=595&max_height=513&hash=LYd3_Fg2i1I8J3C4z1nR3s-qT5RHzSCySjjiMvJDkLU" frameborder="0" allowtransparency width="595" height="513" class="media-oembed-content" loading="eager" title="EEAS 10th Anniversary - Digital Photo Exhibition "The EU Foreign Policy in action""></iframe> </div> </div> </article> </div> </div> </li></ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-7"> <div class="field field--name-field-card-wo-image field--type-entity-reference-revisions field--label-hidden field__item"> <div class="card h-100 text-box paragraph paragraph--type--card-wo-image paragraph--view-mode--default"> <span id="8621"></span> <div class="card-body"> <div class="text-box-header"> <h2 class="card-title"> <div class="field field--name-field-title field--type-string field--label-hidden field__item">10 years of the European External Action Service</div> </h2> <h5 class="card-subtitle"></h5> </div> <p class="card-text"> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-text field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p><span><span><span><span><span><span>The Lisbon Treaty laid out the way the Service would be created:</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p><span><span><span><em><span><span><span>"The organisation and functioning of the European External Action Service shall be established by a decision of the Council. The Council shall act on a proposal from the High Representative after consulting the European Parliament and after obtaining the consent of the Commission."</span></span></span></em></span></span></span></p> <p><span><span><span><span><span><span>In 2010 some important steps were taken. On 25 March the </span></span></span><a href="http://register.consilium.europa.eu/doc/srv?l=EN&f=ST%25208029%25202010%2520INIT"><span><span><span>High Representative sent the Council a proposal on the establishment of the EEAS</span></span></span></a><span><span><span>. The proposal, which followed long negotiations and discussions with the various services concerned, included detailed descriptions of how the EEAS would be composed, how its staff would be chosen and treated, and how the member states and other European institutions would be involved. The importance of the EEAS was also clear:</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p><span><span><span><em><span><span><span>"It will help strengthen the European Union on the global stage, give it more profile, and enable it to project its interests and values more efficiently."</span></span></span></em></span></span></span></p> <p><span><span><span><span><span><span>On 8 July 2010 the </span></span></span><a href="http://www.europarl.europa.eu/sides/getDoc.do?type=TA&reference=P7-TA-2010-0280&language=EN&ring=A7-2010-0228"><span><span><span>European Parliament passed a resolution approving this proposal</span></span></span></a><span><span><span> whilst adding in their own comments concerning the appointing of staff, financing of foreign delegations and resolving potential disputes.</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p><span><span><span><span><span><span>On 26 July 2010 the <a href="//www.eeas.europa.eu/publication/council-decision-26-july-2010-establishing-organisation-and-functioning-european_en">Council of the European Union adopted a decision that confirmed the proposal </a>of the High Representative, with the European Parliament's amendments. The decision was effective immediately. The EEAS was officially launched on 1 January 2011.</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> </div> </p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-call-to-action field--type-entity-reference-revisions field--label-hidden field__item"> <div class="d-flex paragraph paragraph--type--call-to-action paragraph--view-mode--default justify-content-center"> <a href="/eeas/european-external-action-service-turns-10_en" class="btn btn-primary link-icon">EEAS 10th anniversary campaign page</a> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section> <div class="container-xxxl"> <div class="row g-4 align-items-center paragraph paragraph--type--text-box-media-on-side paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="col-md-7"> <div class="field field--name-field-card-wo-image field--type-entity-reference-revisions field--label-hidden field__item"> <div class="card h-100 text-box paragraph paragraph--type--card-wo-image paragraph--view-mode--default"> <span id="10807"></span> <div class="card-body"> <div class="text-box-header"> <h2 class="card-title"> <div class="field field--name-field-title field--type-string field--label-hidden field__item">Working with other EU institutions</div> </h2> <h5 class="card-subtitle"> <div class="field field--name-field-subtitle field--type-string field--label-hidden field__item">The European External Action Service works closely with other EU institutions and bodies who play a role in developing EU foreign policy</div> </h5> </div> <p class="card-text"> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-text field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p>The main partners of the EEAS are the <strong>European Counci</strong>l, where the heads of State and Governments of all EU member states meet, the <strong>European Commission</strong> which is the EU executive and the <strong>European Parliament</strong> which is directly elected by EU citizens.</p> <p>The EU's foreign policies are steered by the <a href="https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/european-council/">European Council</a> and defined by the <a href="https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/council-eu/configurations/fac/">Foreign Affairs Council</a>, which brings together the Foreign Ministers of the EU member states once a month in Brussels. The Foreign Affairs Council is responsible for the EU's external action, which includes foreign policy, defence and security, trade, development cooperation and humanitarian aid.</p> <p>The HR/VP chairs these meetings. Once policies are determined by the Council, the EEAS, where appropriate, is mandated to implement and follow up on these.</p> <p>The EEAS cooperates with the <a href="https://ec.europa.eu/">European Commission</a> on many issues – adopting a comprehensive approach for the EU's foreign policy. The whole College of European Commissioners meets once a week and in addition every month the HR/VP chairs a meeting of all Commissioners whose portfolios deal with international issues – like trade and development for example.</p> <p>The EU maintains diplomatic relations with nearly all countries in the world and undertakes a range of actions with strategic partners, key international players, and emerging and developing powers. Working alongside the European External Action Service (EEAS), the European Commission’s service for <a href="https://ec.europa.eu/fpi/index_en">Foreign Policy Instruments (FPI)</a> is responsible for operational expenditures in the crucial area of EU external action.</p> <p>Finally, the EEAS also works with the <a href="https://www.europarl.europa.eu/portal/en">European Parliament</a>. The HR/VP regularly reports on foreign policy and his activities to the Members of the European Parliament and answers their questions. The EEAS assists the HR/VP with this task. The European Parliament provides a platform for exchange on foreign policy among institutional and governmental policy-makers, as well as civil society, including think tanks and academics. Along with the Council of the European Union, the European Parliament must approve the annual common foreign and security budget.</p> </div> </p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-5" > <div class="card-media"> <div class="medias splide"> <div class="splide__slider"> <div class="splide__track"> <ul class="splide__list"><li class="splide__slide"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--media-w-caption paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="field field--name-field-media field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__item"><article class="media media--type-image-medium-resolution media--view-mode-text-box-media-on-side"> <div class="field field--name-field-media-image-2 field--type-image field--label-visually_hidden"> <div class="field__label visually-hidden">Image</div> <div class="field__item"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/text_box_image_on_side/public/media/borrell-michel.jpg?h=7f241eef&itok=gHcUzmDO" width="626" height="540" alt="Charles Michel, President of the European Council, on the right, and Josep Borrell Fontelles, High Representative" class="img-fluid image-style-text-box-image-on-side" /> </div> </div> </article> </div> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-caption field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p>© European Union, 2021</p> </div> </div> </li></ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section> <div class="container-xxxl"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--text-box-w-timeline paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="field field--name-field-card-wo-image field--type-entity-reference-revisions field--label-hidden field__item"> <h2 class="module-title"><div> <div class="field field--name-field-title field--type-string field--label-hidden field__item">Key dates</div> </div></h2> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-timeline-items field--type-entity-reference-revisions field--label-hidden field__items"> <div class="field__item"> <div class="row paragraph timeline paragraph--type--timeline-item paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="col-md-4 timeline-meta"> <div class="date"> <div class="field field--name-field-date field--type-datetime field--label-hidden field__item"><time datetime="2021-01-01T12:00:00Z" class="datetime">01-01-2021</time> </div> </div> <div class="plaintext"></div> <div class="copyright-container" style="float:right"> <div class="field field--name-field-media field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__item"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/timeline/public/media/2021-01-Banner-10th-Anniversary-collage.jpg?h=32711220&itok=-qvQw3RS" width="344" height="321" alt="Collage of EU actions around the world" class="img-fluid image-style-timeline" /> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-8 timeline-item"> <i class="bi bi-record-circle-fill"></i> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"> <h4> <div class="field field--name-field-title field--type-string field--label-hidden field__item">A decade of EU diplomacy</div> </h4> <div class="content"> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-text field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p>The European External Action Service turns 10</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field__item"> <div class="row paragraph timeline paragraph--type--timeline-item paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="col-md-4 timeline-meta"> <div class="date"> <div class="field field--name-field-date field--type-datetime field--label-hidden field__item"><time datetime="2019-12-01T12:00:00Z" class="datetime">01-12-2019</time> </div> </div> <div class="plaintext"></div> </div> <div class="col-md-8 timeline-item"> <i class="bi bi-record-circle-fill"></i> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"> <h4> <div class="field field--name-field-title field--type-string field--label-hidden field__item">Josep Borrell</div> </h4> <div class="content"> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-text field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p>Josep Borrell starts his mandate as High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy and Vice-President of the European Commission</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="copyright-container" style="float:left"> <div class="field field--name-field-media field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__item"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/timeline/public/media/josep-borrell-fontelles.jpg?h=f6e03da5&itok=AiyMUvEg" width="344" height="321" alt="HRVP Josep Borrell" class="img-fluid image-style-timeline" /> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field__item"> <div class="row paragraph timeline paragraph--type--timeline-item paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="col-md-4 timeline-meta"> <div class="date"> <div class="field field--name-field-date field--type-datetime field--label-hidden field__item"><time datetime="2014-11-01T12:00:00Z" class="datetime">01-11-2014</time> </div> </div> <div class="plaintext"> <div class="field field--name-field-short-plain-text field--type-string field--label-hidden field__item">Until 30 November 2019</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-8 timeline-item"> <i class="bi bi-record-circle-fill"></i> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"> <h4> <div class="field field--name-field-title field--type-string field--label-hidden field__item">Federica Mogherini</div> </h4> <div class="content"> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-text field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p>Federica Mogherini is appointed High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy and Vice-President of the European Commission</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="copyright-container" style="float:left"> <div class="field field--name-field-media field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__item"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/timeline/public/media/Mogherini-official.jpg?h=d4801894&itok=9ZGMXBBg" width="344" height="321" alt="Federica Mogherini" class="img-fluid image-style-timeline" /> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field__item"> <div class="row paragraph timeline paragraph--type--timeline-item paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="col-md-4 timeline-meta"> <div class="date"> <div class="field field--name-field-date field--type-datetime field--label-hidden field__item"><time datetime="2011-01-01T12:00:00Z" class="datetime">01-01-2011</time> </div> </div> <div class="plaintext"></div> <div class="copyright-container" style="float:right"> <div class="field field--name-field-media field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__item"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/timeline/public/media/EEAS%20logo%20resized.jpg?h=04d92ac6&itok=frVgAcVd" width="344" height="321" alt="EEAS logo in blue" class="img-fluid image-style-timeline" /> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-8 timeline-item"> <i class="bi bi-record-circle-fill"></i> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"> <h4> <div class="field field--name-field-title field--type-string field--label-hidden field__item">European External Action Service opens</div> </h4> <div class="content"> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-text field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p>A major step in the European integration process and in developing a common foreign policy</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field__item"> <div class="row paragraph timeline paragraph--type--timeline-item paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="col-md-4 timeline-meta"> <div class="date"> <div class="field field--name-field-date field--type-datetime field--label-hidden field__item"><time datetime="2009-12-01T12:00:00Z" class="datetime">01-12-2009</time> </div> </div> <div class="plaintext"> <div class="field field--name-field-short-plain-text field--type-string field--label-hidden field__item">Until 31 October 2014</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-8 timeline-item"> <i class="bi bi-record-circle-fill"></i> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"> <h4> <div class="field field--name-field-title field--type-string field--label-hidden field__item">Catherine Ashton</div> </h4> <div class="content"> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-text field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p>Lady Catherine Ashton becomes the first High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy, serving as the EU's foreign policy chief.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="copyright-container" style="float:left"> <div class="field field--name-field-media field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__item"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/timeline/public/media/Catherine%20Ashton%20OFFICIAL.JPG?h=af87db3a&itok=BIewF9uU" width="344" height="321" alt="Catherine Ashton" class="img-fluid image-style-timeline" /> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field__item"> <div class="row paragraph timeline paragraph--type--timeline-item paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="col-md-4 timeline-meta"> <div class="date"> <div class="field field--name-field-date field--type-datetime field--label-hidden field__item"><time datetime="2007-12-13T12:00:00Z" class="datetime">13-12-2007</time> </div> </div> <div class="plaintext"> <div class="field field--name-field-short-plain-text field--type-string field--label-hidden field__item">Entry into force: 1 December 2009</div> </div> <div class="copyright-container" style="float:right"> <div class="field field--name-field-media field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__item"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/timeline/public/media/treaty-lisbon.jpg?h=36b692ed&itok=0jK4k3YN" width="344" height="321" alt="Treaty of Lisbon" class="img-fluid image-style-timeline" /> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-8 timeline-item"> <i class="bi bi-record-circle-fill"></i> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"> <h4> <div class="field field--name-field-title field--type-string field--label-hidden field__item">Treaty of Lisbon</div> </h4> <div class="content"> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-text field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p>The Treaty of Lisbon creates the External Action Service and the post of High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy / Vice President of the European Commission</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field__item"> <div class="row paragraph timeline paragraph--type--timeline-item paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="col-md-4 timeline-meta"> <div class="date"> <div class="field field--name-field-date field--type-datetime field--label-hidden field__item"><time datetime="1999-10-18T12:00:00Z" class="datetime">18-10-1999</time> </div> </div> <div class="plaintext"> <div class="field field--name-field-short-plain-text field--type-string field--label-hidden field__item">until 1 December 2009</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-8 timeline-item"> <i class="bi bi-record-circle-fill"></i> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"> <h4> <div class="field field--name-field-title field--type-string field--label-hidden field__item">Javier Solana</div> </h4> <div class="content"> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-text field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p>Javier Solana is appointed High Representative for the Common Foreign and Security Policy, Secretary General of the Council of the European Union. His role consists in representing the EU abroad where there is an agreed common policy</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="copyright-container" style="float:left"> <div class="field field--name-field-media field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__item"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/timeline/public/media/solana-fermeture.jpg?h=7fc13080&itok=JOT8P_f5" width="344" height="321" alt="Javier Solana" class="img-fluid image-style-timeline" /> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field__item"> <div class="row paragraph timeline paragraph--type--timeline-item paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="col-md-4 timeline-meta"> <div class="date"> <div class="field field--name-field-date field--type-datetime field--label-hidden field__item"><time datetime="1997-10-02T12:00:00Z" class="datetime">02-10-1997</time> </div> </div> <div class="plaintext"> <div class="field field--name-field-short-plain-text field--type-string field--label-hidden field__item">Entry into force: 1 May 1999</div> </div> <div class="copyright-container" style="float:right"> <div class="field field--name-field-media field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__item"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/timeline/public/media/treaty-amsterdam.jpg?h=bda44f2a&itok=Clzx7oYb" width="344" height="321" alt="Treaty of Amsterdam" class="img-fluid image-style-timeline" /> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-8 timeline-item"> <i class="bi bi-record-circle-fill"></i> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"> <h4> <div class="field field--name-field-title field--type-string field--label-hidden field__item">Treaty of Amsterdam</div> </h4> <div class="content"> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-text field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p>The Treaty of Amsterdam establishes the Office of High Representative for the Common Foreign and Security Policy.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field__item"> <div class="row paragraph timeline paragraph--type--timeline-item paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="col-md-4 timeline-meta"> <div class="date"> <div class="field field--name-field-date field--type-datetime field--label-hidden field__item"><time datetime="1992-02-07T12:00:00Z" class="datetime">07-02-1992</time> </div> </div> <div class="plaintext"> <div class="field field--name-field-short-plain-text field--type-string field--label-hidden field__item">Entry into force: 1 November 1993</div> </div> <div class="copyright-container" style="float:right"> <div class="field field--name-field-media field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__item"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/timeline/public/media/treaty-maastricht.jpg?h=d2090353&itok=JOl1ry4z" width="344" height="321" alt="treaty of Maastricht" class="img-fluid image-style-timeline" /> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-8 timeline-item"> <i class="bi bi-record-circle-fill"></i> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"> <h4> <div class="field field--name-field-title field--type-string field--label-hidden field__item">Treaty of Maastricht</div> </h4> <div class="content"> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-text field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p>The Treaty of Maastricht establishes the Common Foreign and Security Policy</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field__item"> <div class="row paragraph timeline paragraph--type--timeline-item paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="col-md-4 timeline-meta"> <div class="date"> <div class="field field--name-field-date field--type-datetime field--label-hidden field__item"><time datetime="1970-10-27T12:00:00Z" class="datetime">27-10-1970</time> </div> </div> <div class="plaintext"></div> <div class="copyright-container" style="float:right"> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-8 timeline-item"> <i class="bi bi-record-circle-fill"></i> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"> <h4> <div class="field field--name-field-title field--type-string field--label-hidden field__item">Davignon Report</div> </h4> <div class="content"> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-text field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p>The Member States approve the Davignon report on political cooperation. The objective is to get Europe to speak with a single voice on all major international problems.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field__item"> <div class="row paragraph timeline paragraph--type--timeline-item paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="col-md-4 timeline-meta"> <div class="date"> <div class="field field--name-field-date field--type-datetime field--label-hidden field__item"><time datetime="1957-03-25T12:00:00Z" class="datetime">25-03-1957</time> </div> </div> <div class="plaintext"> <div class="field field--name-field-short-plain-text field--type-string field--label-hidden field__item">Entry into force: 1 January 1958</div> </div> <div class="copyright-container" style="float:right"> <div class="field field--name-field-media field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__item"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/timeline/public/media/treaty-rome.jpg?h=639375e8&itok=hHC2yZGX" width="344" height="321" alt="Treaty of Rome 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