Fundamental research

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Dir... </span> </a> </h3> </div> <div class="preview-card__body"></div> <div class="preview-cards__subtext"> <div class="preview-card__category" style="color:"> At CERN </div> <div class="preview-card__category" style="color:"> Press release </div> <div class="preview-card__date" style="color:"> <time datetime="2024-11-06T11:00:02Z">6 November, 2024</time> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="views-row"> <div data-history-node-id="191152" id="preview-card--2" class="component-preview-cards box-pattern news_page" style="background:url('/sites/default/files/styles/large/public/2024-10/ba1938f2-89a3-4bdd-bd79-5b83ed6f3e35.JPG?itok=Lh4ptU3U') no-repeat center center / cover" data-background="/sites/default/files/styles/large/public/2024-10/ba1938f2-89a3-4bdd-bd79-5b83ed6f3e35.JPG?itok=Lh4ptU3U" class="component-preview-cards box-pattern news_page"> <a class="box-link" target="" href="/news/news/cern/estonian-flag-raised-cern"></a> <div 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data-background="/sites/default/files/styles/large/public/2024-10/Picture%201.jpg?itok=YeI6iEmy" class="component-preview-cards box-pattern news_page"> <a class="box-link" target="" href="/news/press-release/physics/particle-physicists-chart-course-future"></a> <div class="component-preview-cards__veil"></div> <div class="component-preview-cards__box_wrapper"> <div class="component-preview-cards__box"> <div class="preview-card__title"> <h3 class="standard-title"> <a href="/news/press-release/physics/particle-physicists-chart-course-future" hreflang="en" title="Particle physicists chart a course to the future"> <span> Particle physicists chart a course to the fut... </span> </a> </h3> </div> <div class="preview-card__body"></div> <div class="preview-cards__subtext"> <div class="preview-card__category" style="color:"> Physics </div> <div class="preview-card__category" style="color:"> Press release </div> <div class="preview-card__date" style="color:"> <time datetime="2024-10-11T09:08:31Z">11 October, 2024</time> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="views-row"> <div data-history-node-id="191077" id="preview-card--4" class="component-preview-cards box-pattern news_page" style="background:url('/sites/default/files/styles/large/public/2024-10/10-Family-photo%20%281%29.jpg?itok=UtnK0P4h') no-repeat center center / cover" data-background="/sites/default/files/styles/large/public/2024-10/10-Family-photo%20%281%29.jpg?itok=UtnK0P4h" class="component-preview-cards box-pattern news_page"> <a class="box-link" target="" href="/news/press-release/cern/blowing-out-70-candles-cern-celebrates-seven-decades-discoveries-and-looks"></a> <div class="component-preview-cards__veil"></div> <div class="component-preview-cards__box_wrapper"> <div class="component-preview-cards__box"> <div class="preview-card__title"> <h3 class="standard-title"> <a 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BIRTH OF WEB, LHC...</span> <div class="search-block-form block block-search block-search-form-block" data-drupal-selector="search-block-form" role="search"> <form action="/search/node" method="get" id="search-block-form" accept-charset="UTF-8"> <div class="form-item js-form-item form-type-search js-form-type-search form-item-keys js-form-item-keys form-no-label form-group"> <label for="edit-keys" class="control-label sr-only">Search</label> <div class="input-group"><input title="Enter the terms you wish to search for." data-drupal-selector="edit-keys" class="form-search form-control" placeholder="Search" type="search" id="edit-keys" name="keys" value="" size="15" maxlength="128" data-toggle="tooltip" /><span class="input-group-btn"><button type="submit" value="Search" class="button js-form-submit form-submit btn-primary btn icon-only"><span class="sr-only">Search</span><span class="icon glyphicon glyphicon-search" aria-hidden="true"></span></button></span></div> </div> <div class="form-actions form-group js-form-wrapper form-wrapper" data-drupal-selector="edit-actions" id="edit-actions"></div> </form> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="dropdown cern-menu-lang-switcher"> <a class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-expanded="true"> <span class="separator">|</span> en <span class="caret"></span> </a> <ul class="dropdown-menu"> <li><section class="language-switcher-language-url block block-language block-language-blocklanguage-interface clearfix" role="navigation"> <ul class="links"><li hreflang="en" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/5920" class="en is-active"><a href="/about/what-we-do/fundamental-research" class="language-link is-active" hreflang="en" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/5920">en</a></li><li hreflang="fr" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/5920" class="fr"><a href="/fr/about/what-we-do/fundamental-research" class="language-link" hreflang="fr" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/5920">fr</a></li></ul> </section> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div>  </div>  </nav> </nav> </div> </section> </div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <main role="main"> <a id="main-content" tabindex="-1"></a> <div class="container-fluid cern-page-display-page cern-page-display-story_page"> <div class="has-no-column wrapper-center col-md-12 col-sm-12 col-xs-12"> <div class="region region-content"> <div data-drupal-messages-fallback class="hidden"></div> <div data-drupal-messages-fallback class="hidden"></div> <div class="layout layout__region story-page-node-layout-content"> <div class="field--items"> <div class="field--item"> <div class="component-row component-row__display__fluid section-navigation component-row__has-header effect_none is_half_height"> <div class="background__veil"></div> <div class="background-component background__cds_media" style="height: 100%;"> <figure class="cds-image" data-record-id="737951" data-filename="" id="CERN-EX-7812581-1"> <a href="//cds.cern.ch/images/CERN-EX-7812581-1" title="View on CDS"> <img alt="Elusive Neutrinos : the picture shows Klaus Winter, who worked on the 100 tonne CHARM experiment." src="//cds.cern.ch/images/CERN-EX-7812581-1/file?size=large"/> </a> <figcaption> <span> (Image: CERN)</span> </figcaption> </figure> </div> <div class="component-row__row"> <div class="component-row__column component-row__center section-has-no-column col-md-12 col-sm-12 col-xs-12"> <div class="box-effects-wrapper "> <div class="cern-component-header-blocks component-header"> <div id="header-blocks--2" class="owl-carousel owl-theme component-header__carousel header-carousel"> <div class="header-block"> <div class="header-block__title"> <span > <ol class="breadcrumb"> <li > <a href="/about">about</a> </li> <li > <a href="/about">what we do</a> </li> <li > fundamental research </li> <li class="active"> Fundamental research </li> </ol> </span> <h3 class="header-block__name" > <span>Fundamental research</span> <span class="header-block__name__underline"></span> </h3> <span class="header-block__subhead" ><hr> <p class="text-align-center">CERN's mission is to perform world-class research in <strong>fundamental particle physics</strong>. The Laboratory provides a unique range of particle accelerator facilities to enable a diverse and compelling scientific programme.</p> </span> </div> </div> </div> </div> <a class="endof-cern-header-blocks"></a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field--item"> <div class="component-row component-row__display__centered section-navigation effect_none"> <div class="component-row__row"> <div class="component-row__column component-row__center section-has-no-column col-md-12 col-sm-12 col-xs-12"> <div class="box-effects-wrapper "> <div class="component-margin component-margin-small" ></div> <div class="text-component text-component-page clearfix"> <div class="text-component-text cern_full_html"> <h2>Seeking answers to questions about the universe</h2> </div> </div> <div class="text-component text-component-page clearfix"> <div class="text-component-text cern_full_html"> <p>Curiosity is as old as humankind, and it is CERN’s raison d’être. When the Laboratory was <a href="/about/who-we-are/our-history">founded</a>, <strong>the structure of matter</strong> was a mystery. Today, we know that all visible matter in the Universe is composed of a remarkably small number of particles, whose behaviour is governed by <strong><a href="/science/physics/standard-model">four distinct forces</a></strong>. CERN has played a vital role in reaching this understanding.</p> <figure class="cds-image align-right" id="OPEN-PHO-CHART-2015-001-1"><a href="//cds.cern.ch/images/OPEN-PHO-CHART-2015-001-1" title="View on CDS"><img alt="Standard Model,Higgs boson,Diagrams and Charts" src="//cds.cern.ch/images/OPEN-PHO-CHART-2015-001-1/file?size=large"></a> <figcaption>The Standard Model of particle physics. The W, Z and Higgs bosons were discovered at CERN<span> (Image: Daniel Dominguez/CERN)</span></figcaption></figure> <p>Throughout the 1960s, theories were advanced to explain two forces – the weak force and the electromagnetic force – in the same framework. In the 1970s, a CERN experiment brought the first experimental evidence for these ideas, and in the 1980s <strong>the discovery of the <a href="/science/physics/w-boson-sunshine-and-stardust">W</a> and <a href="/science/physics/z-boson">Z</a> particles</strong> – carriers of the weak force – brought confirmation of the theory. CERN researchers <a href="https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1984/meer/facts/">Simon van der Meer</a> and <a href="/about/who-we-are/our-people/biographies/carlo-rubbia">Carlo Rubbia</a> shared the <a href="https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1984/summary/">1984 Nobel Prize in physics</a> for this discovery.</p> <p>During the 1990s, CERN experiments designed in light of this discovery tested the so-called electroweak theory with extreme precision, putting it on solid experimental ground. In 2010, the <a href="/science/accelerators/large-hadron-collider">LHC</a> started to provide particle collisions in a new high-energy domain, reproducing the conditions a fraction of a second after the Big Bang. This led to the <strong>discovery at CERN of a <a href="/science/physics/higgs-boson">Higgs boson</a></strong> – long sought as the particle linked to the mechanism that gives mass to elementary particles.</p> <p>Beyond CERN's flagship accelerator, the LHC, the Laboratory has a <strong>rich and diverse scientific programme</strong>. From the study of <a href="/science/physics/antimatter">antimatter</a> at the <a href="/science/accelerators/antiproton-decelerator">antiproton decelerator</a>, to nuclear physics at CERN's longest-running experimental facility, <a href="/science/experiments/isolde">ISOLDE</a>. Experiments at other accelerators and facilities both on-site and off are an equally important part of the Laboratory’s activities. Supporting all the experiments is a very strong theory programme, which carries out cutting-edge research in theoretical particle physics.</p> <p>Fundamental research is CERN’s primary mission, but the Laboratory also plays a vital role in <strong><a href="/about/what-we-do/our-impact">developing technologies</a></strong>, <strong><a href="/about/what-we-do/bring-nations-together">bringing nations together</a></strong> and <strong><a href="/about/what-we-do/train-educate-engage">training the scientists of tomorrow</a></strong>.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field--item"> <div class="component-row component-row__display__centered section-navigation effect_none"> <div class="component-row__row"> <div class="component-row__column component-row__center section-has-no-column col-md-12 col-sm-12 col-xs-12"> <div class="box-effects-wrapper "> <div class="text-component text-component-page clearfix"> <div class="text-component-text cern_full_html"> <h2>Exploring the unanswered questions</h2> </div> </div> <div class="text-component text-component-page clearfix"> <div class="text-component-text cern_full_html"> <p>CERN’s world-class research has transformed our understanding of the universe, yet <strong>many fundamental mysteries remain</strong>:</p> <blockquote>Why is the universe made only of matter, with hardly any antimatter?<br> <br> Why is gravity so weak compared to other forces?<br> <br> Is there only one Higgs boson, and does it behave exactly as expected?<br> <br> With 95% of the mass and energy of the universe still unknown, there is still much to learn about how and why matter in the universe is the way it is.</blockquote> <p>To continue in our understanding, an upgrade to the <a href="/science/accelerators/high-luminosity-lhc">High-Luminosity LHC</a> is under way. In addition, a <a href="/news/news/accelerators/fcc-feasibility-study-comes-focus">feasibility study</a> is progressing for a post-LHC collider at CERN – a unique tool to study the universe in laboratory conditions and to push energy and intensity frontiers in the search for new physics.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field--item"> <div class="component-row component-row__display__centered section-navigation effect_none"> <div class="component-row__row"> <div class="component-row__column component-row__center section-has-no-column col-md-12 col-sm-12 col-xs-12"> <div class="box-effects-wrapper "> <div class="views-element-container form-group"> <div class="horizontal-boxes view view-news-microviews view-id-news_microviews view-display-id-block_14 js-view-dom-id-8b8306e0feb1c8aba846be36bbc86747443dc40e5cceb4d9a7995de482556bb5 cern-view-display-block cern-view-display-block_14 clearfix"> <h1 class="mb-3 mt-3 text-center">Latest Related News</h1> <div 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