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class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_no.wikipedia.org&uselang=nb" class=""><span>Doner</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:Opprett_konto&returnto=Ktoniske+guder" title="Du oppfordres til å opprette en konto og logge inn, men det er ikke obligatorisk" class=""><span>Opprett konto</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:Logg_inn&returnto=Ktoniske+guder" title="Du oppfordres til å logge inn, men det er ikke 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data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Innhold</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">flytt til sidefeltet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">skjul</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Til toppen)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Ktonisk_kontra_olympisk" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ktonisk_kontra_olympisk"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Ktonisk kontra olympisk</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ktonisk_kontra_olympisk-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Overlappende_kult_og_funksjon" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Overlappende_kult_og_funksjon"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Overlappende kult og funksjon</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Overlappende_kult_og_funksjon-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mellom_kategoriene" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mellom_kategoriene"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Mellom kategoriene</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mellom_kategoriene-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Se_også" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Se_også"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Se også</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Se_også-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referanser" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referanser"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Referanser</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referanser-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Litteratur" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Litteratur"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Litteratur</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Litteratur-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eksterne_lenker" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eksterne_lenker"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Eksterne lenker</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eksterne_lenker-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Innhold" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Vis/skjul innholdsfortegnelsen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Vis/skjul innholdsfortegnelsen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Ktoniske guder</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gå til en artikkel på et annet språk. Tilgjengelig på 37 språk" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-37" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">37 språk</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ktoniske_gudar" title="Ktoniske gudar – norsk nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Ktoniske gudar" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norsk nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ktoniska_gudar" title="Ktoniska gudar – svensk" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Ktoniska gudar" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="svensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chtoniese_gode" title="Chtoniese gode – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Chtoniese gode" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%87%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D8%AB%D9%88%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="الآلهة الخثونية – arabisk" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الآلهة الخثونية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dioses_ct%C3%B3nicos" title="Dioses ctónicos – asturisk" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Dioses ctónicos" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xtonik_tanr%C4%B1lar" title="Xtonik tanrılar – aserbajdsjansk" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Xtonik tanrılar" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="aserbajdsjansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Хтонични божества – bulgarsk" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Хтонични божества" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgarsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ct%C3%B2nic" title="Ctònic – katalansk" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Ctònic" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chthonische_G%C3%B6tter" title="Chthonische Götter – tysk" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Chthonische Götter" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%95%CE%BB%CE%BB%CE%B7%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AD%CF%82_%CF%87%CE%B8%CF%8C%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%B5%CF%82_%CE%B8%CE%B5%CF%8C%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%84%CE%B5%CF%82" title="Ελληνικές χθόνιες θεότητες – gresk" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ελληνικές χθόνιες θεότητες" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="gresk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chthonic_deities" title="Chthonic deities – engelsk" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Chthonic deities" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ct%C3%B3nico" title="Ctónico – spansk" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ctónico" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ktona" title="Ktona – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ktona" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ktoniko" title="Ktoniko – baskisk" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Ktoniko" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C%DA%A9" title="چتونیک – persisk" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="چتونیک" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Divinit%C3%A9s_grecques_chthoniennes" title="Divinités grecques chthoniennes – fransk" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Divinités grecques chthoniennes" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="fransk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ct%C3%B3nico" title="Ctónico – galisisk" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Ctónico" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B7%B8%EB%A6%AC%EC%8A%A4_%EC%A7%80%ED%95%98%EC%8B%A0" title="그리스 지하신 – koreansk" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="그리스 지하신" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BD%D5%A9%D5%B8%D5%B6%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%BE%D5%A1%D5%AE%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Խթոնյան աստվածներ – armensk" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Խթոնյան աստվածներ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khthonik" title="Khthonik – indonesisk" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Khthonik" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Divinit%C3%A0_ctonie" title="Divinità ctonie – italiensk" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Divinità ctonie" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%9D_%D7%9B%D7%AA%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9D" title="אלים כתוניים – hebraisk" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אלים כתוניים" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebraisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chtonin%C4%97s_dievyb%C4%97s" title="Chtoninės dievybės – litauisk" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Chtoninės dievybės" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litauisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khthonikus_istenek" title="Khthonikus istenek – ungarsk" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Khthonikus istenek" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungarsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andriamanitra_ambanin%27_ny_tany" title="Andriamanitra ambanin' ny tany – gassisk" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Andriamanitra ambanin' ny tany" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="gassisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chtonische_goden" title="Chtonische goden – nederlandsk" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Chtonische goden" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederlandsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AF%E3%83%88%E3%83%8B%E3%82%AA%E3%82%B9" title="クトニオス – japansk" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="クトニオス" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%B3stwa_chtoniczne" title="Bóstwa chtoniczne – polsk" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Bóstwa chtoniczne" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ct%C3%B3nico" title="Ctónico – portugisisk" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Ctónico" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Htonic" title="Htonic – rumensk" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Htonic" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Хтонические божества – russisk" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Хтонические божества" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chtonick%C3%A9_bo%C5%BEstvo" title="Chtonické božstvo – slovakisk" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Chtonické božstvo" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovakisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Htoni%C4%8Dno_bo%C5%BEanstvo" title="Htonično božanstvo – slovensk" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Htonično božanstvo" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ktooniset_jumalat" title="Ktooniset jumalat – finsk" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Ktooniset jumalat" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kitonik" title="Kitonik – tyrkisk" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kitonik" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="tyrkisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%96_%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Хтонічні божества – ukrainsk" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Хтонічні божества" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E6%89%98%E5%B0%BC%E4%BF%84%E6%96%AF" title="克托尼俄斯 – kinesisk" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="克托尼俄斯" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kinesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q611361#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Rediger lenker til artikkelen på andre språk" class="wbc-editpage">Rediger lenker</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Navnerom"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Ktoniske_guder" title="Vis innholdssiden [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artikkel</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diskusjon:Ktoniske_guder&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Diskusjon om innholdssiden (ikke skrevet ennå) [t]" 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class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Votivrelief_an_chthonische_Gottheiten_Athen_Nationalmuseum_Griechenland.jpeg/375px-Votivrelief_an_chthonische_Gottheiten_Athen_Nationalmuseum_Griechenland.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Votivrelief_an_chthonische_Gottheiten_Athen_Nationalmuseum_Griechenland.jpeg/500px-Votivrelief_an_chthonische_Gottheiten_Athen_Nationalmuseum_Griechenland.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="1922" data-file-height="1364" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Votivgave" title="Votivgave">Votivtavle</a> for ktoniske guder i et relieff, nasjonalmuseet i Athen, opprinnelig i <a href="/wiki/Tegea" title="Tegea">Tegea</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:William_Blake_006.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/William_Blake_006.jpg/250px-William_Blake_006.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="185" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/William_Blake_006.jpg/375px-William_Blake_006.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/William_Blake_006.jpg/500px-William_Blake_006.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2024" data-file-height="1497" /></a><figcaption><i>Hekate</i> av <a href="/wiki/William_Blake" title="William Blake">William Blake</a>, 1795</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Ktoniske guder</b> er i <a href="/wiki/Gresk_mytologi" title="Gresk mytologi">gresk mytologi</a> det som tilhører underjorden (fra <a href="/wiki/Gresk" title="Gresk">gresk</a> χθονιος, «som hører til jorden», «jordnære», eller mer nøyaktig «i eller under jorden», fra χθών, khthōn, «jorden», bokstavelig «underjordisk».<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>I gresk mytologi henviser <i>khthon</i> til underverdens guder eller ånder i jordens indre framfor på dens overflate eller ytre (et område som tilhører <i><a href="/wiki/Gaia" title="Gaia">Gaia</a></i>) eller «land» (som tilhører χώρα, <i>khora</i>). «Undersøkelser av ktoniske religion er vanskeliggjort av det faktum (bortsett fra det kjente unntaket med dramatikeren <a href="/wiki/Aiskhylos" title="Aiskhylos">Aiskhylos</a>) at det er kun mager oppmerksomhet i våre litterære kilder. De ktoniske guder har i seg selv etterlatt tilsvarende få spor i de arkeologiske nedtegnelser da de vanligvis ikke ble dyrket i templer. Likevel kan det ikke være tvil om at de representerte en vital og varig gren i gresk religion.»<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ktonisk_kontra_olympisk">Ktonisk kontra olympisk</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ktoniske_guder&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Rediger avsnitt: Ktonisk kontra olympisk" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ktoniske_guder&action=edit&section=1" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Ktonisk kontra olympisk"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>På norsk har «jordguder» eller «jordiske guder» en ulik betydning. <i>Khthonie</i> og <i>khthonios</i> hadde en mer nøyaktig og teknisk betydning i <a href="/wiki/Antikkens_Hellas" title="Antikkens Hellas">antikkens Hellas</a> og henspilte framfor alt på offerkulten omkring guden. Mannlige guddommer bar ofte tilnavnet Χθόνιος <i>Kthonios</i>, eksempelvis kunne <a href="/wiki/Hades" title="Hades">Hades</a> bli omtalt som <i>Zevs Kthonios</i>, herskeren av underverden, og den tilsvarende hunkjønnsformen var Χθονία, <i>Kthonia</i>, som med <a href="/wiki/Persefone" title="Persefone">Persefone</a>, Hades’ hustru.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tilsvarende tilhørte <a href="/wiki/Erinyer" title="Erinyer">erinyerne</a>, «de mørke» eller «de sinte», kvinnelige ktoniske hevngudinner; de ble tidvis referert til som «helvetes» eller riktigere, «underjordiske gudinner» (χθόνιαι θεαί).<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Hesiod" title="Hesiod">Hesiod</a> benyttet det kollektive begrepet <i>kthonioi</i> for <a href="/wiki/Titaner" title="Titaner">titanerne</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>I den ktoniske kulten ble offerdyret slaktet i en <i>bothros</i>, «grop» eller <i>megaron</i>, «nedsenket kammer». I <a href="/wiki/Kult" title="Kult">kulten</a> omkring <a href="/wiki/De_tolv_olympiske_guder" title="De tolv olympiske guder">de olympiske gudene</a> ble isteden dyret ofret på en <i>bomos</i>, et «alter». De ktonske gudene hadde dessuten en forkjærlighet for <a href="/wiki/Svart" title="Svart">svarte</a> offer framfor <a href="/wiki/Hvit" class="mw-redirect" title="Hvit">hvite</a> og gavene ble ofte brent fullstendig for de ble begravd framfor å bli tilrettelagt og utdelt blant tilbederne. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Overlappende_kult_og_funksjon">Overlappende kult og funksjon</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ktoniske_guder&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Rediger avsnitt: Overlappende kult og funksjon" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ktoniske_guder&action=edit&section=2" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Overlappende kult og funksjon"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Fruktbarhetsreligion" title="Fruktbarhetsreligion">Fruktbarhet</a> ble assosiert med de ktoniske gudene og gudinnene, men de olympiske gudene var absolutt ikke likegyldige framfor jordens fruktbarhet. Såvel <a href="/wiki/Demeter" title="Demeter">Demeter</a> som <a href="/wiki/Persefone" title="Persefone">Persefone</a> overvåket fruktbarheten, men kulten som omga Demeter var olympisk mens Persefones var av ktonisk art. Forskjellen mellom gudene i fjellet og de under jorden fordunkles enda mer da både Demeter og Persefone ble dyrket med en identisk kult, likevel ble Demeter i <a href="/wiki/Myte" title="Myte">myter</a> og dikt framstilt som «olympisk». </p><p>Det fremste symbolet på ktonisk religion var <a href="/wiki/Slange_(symbol)" title="Slange (symbol)">slangen</a>, og representerer generelt et dualistisk uttrykk av det gode og det onde. <a href="/wiki/Modergudinne" title="Modergudinne">Modergudinnen</a> hadde ofte slanger som hennes tjenere, tidvis tvinnet rundt hennes hellige stav som på oldtidens <a href="/wiki/Kreta" title="Kreta">Kreta</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> og slangene ble dyrket som voktere av hennes mysterier for fødsler og gjenfødelser.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Athene" title="Athene">Athene</a> var lenket til de mørke, ktoniske kreftene, og kanskje den som kom nærmest en syntese av to motstridende tendenser i gresk religiøs forestilling. Slangen var avbildet på hennes <i>aigis</i>, brystplate, og randen på hennes <a href="/wiki/Skjold" class="mw-disambig" title="Skjold">skjold</a> hadde en slange krøllende rundt på den statue, <i>Athene Parthenos</i>, som <a href="/wiki/Feidias" title="Feidias">Feidias</a> designet for <a href="/wiki/Parthenon" title="Parthenon">Parthenon</a>, Athens kultsted. <a href="/wiki/Erekhtheion" title="Erekhtheion">Erekhtheion</a> på Athens <a href="/wiki/Akropolis" title="Akropolis">akropolis</a>, hvor <i>Athene Polias</i> mottok dyrkelse, var en helligdom innviet delvis til ktoniske religion.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mellom_kategoriene">Mellom kategoriene</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ktoniske_guder&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Rediger avsnitt: Mellom kategoriene" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ktoniske_guder&action=edit&section=3" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Mellom kategoriene"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>De to guddommelige sfærene var imidlertid ikke helt vesensforskjellige eller skilt. Noen olympiske guder som <a href="/wiki/Hermes" title="Hermes">Hermes</a> og <a href="/wiki/Zeus" class="mw-redirect" title="Zeus">Zeus</a> kunne bli gitt ktoniske offer og <a href="/wiki/Epitet" title="Epitet">epiteter</a> på enkelte steder og i henhold til hvor man befant seg kunne mennesker bli opphøyd til guder, slik tilfellet var med <a href="/wiki/Herakles" title="Herakles">Herakles</a> og <a href="/wiki/Asklepios" title="Asklepios">Asklepios</a>, og de ble æret som enten guder eller ktoniske helter. </p><p>Noen guder lar seg ikke klassifiseres etter disse begrepene. Til <a href="/wiki/Hekate" title="Hekate">Hekate</a> ofret man eksempelvis hundevalper ved vegkryss, det vil si noe helt annet enn en olympisk kult, men samtidig ikke av den type kult man assosierte med Persefone eller heltene. På grunn av sine underjordiske oppgaver ble imidlertid Hekate å bli klassifisert som ktonisk guddom. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Se_også"><span id="Se_ogs.C3.A5"></span>Se også</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ktoniske_guder&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Rediger avsnitt: Se også" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ktoniske_guder&action=edit&section=4" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Se også"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gaia" title="Gaia">Gaia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hades" title="Hades">Hades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herakles" title="Herakles">Herakles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theseus" class="mw-redirect" title="Theseus">Theseus</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referanser">Referanser</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ktoniske_guder&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Rediger avsnitt: Referanser" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ktoniske_guder&action=edit&section=5" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Referanser"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%23113957">«Chthonios»</a> i: Liddell, Henry George; Robert Scott, A Greek–English Lexicon, hos Perseus.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"> Garland, Robert (1992): <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.no/books?id=7Ne-bCX_DaUC&pg=PA29&lpg=PA29&dq=Introduction+to+Chthonic+gods&source=bl&ots=nfxSsyDVhy&sig=x4fT2skM4IX-BbqrB2vvUu0tHjc&hl=no&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjdktbti_7RAhXCA5oKHUI3AhAQ6AEILzAE#v=onepage&q=Introduction%20to%20Chthonic%20gods&f=false"><i>Introducing New Gods: The Politics of Athenian Religion</i></a>, Cornell University Press, s. 29</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"> <a href="/wiki/Herodot" title="Herodot">Herodotos</a> 6, 134, 1; 7, 153, 2.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=Erinys">«Erinys»</a> i: Harper, Douglas: <i>Online Etymology Dictionary</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"> Hesiod: <i><a href="/wiki/Theogonien" title="Theogonien">Theogonien</a></i>, 697.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oneonta.edu/faculty/farberas/arth/ARTH209/gods_greek_roman.html">«Principal Greek and Roman Gods»</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Roderick, Hilda; Davidson, Ellis (1988): <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com.ar/books?hl=es&lr=&id=R-rIAAAAIAAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PR7&dq=snakes+in+european+myths+&ots=JGSQIaqwpi&sig=TpVByn2_UGmmUbEywNe0J5fC6R4&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false"><i>Myths and Symbols in Pagan Europe: Early Scandinavian and Celtic Religions</i></a>. U.K.: Manchester University Press.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"> Garland, Robert (1992): <i>Introducing New Gods: The Politics of Athenian Religion</i>], s. 30</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Litteratur">Litteratur</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ktoniske_guder&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Rediger avsnitt: Litteratur" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ktoniske_guder&action=edit&section=6" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Litteratur"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Fairbanks, A. (1900): «The Chthonic Gods of Greek Religion» i: <i>American Journal of Philology</i> <b>21</b>, s. 241–259</li> <li>Schlesier, R. (1991–1992): «Olympian versus Chthonian Religion» i: <i>Scripta Classica Israelica</i> <b>11</b>, s. 38–51</li> <li>Scullion, S. (1994): «Olympian and Chthonian» i: <i>Classical Antiquity</i> <b>13</b>, s. 75–119</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Eksterne_lenker">Eksterne lenker</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ktoniske_guder&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Rediger avsnitt: Eksterne lenker" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ktoniske_guder&action=edit&section=7" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Eksterne lenker"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a class="external text" href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/chthonic">«chthonic»</a>, ordbokdefinisjon hos <i>Wiktionary</i></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mythindex.com/greek-mythology/C/Chthonii.html">«Chthonii»</a>, <i>Greek Myth Index</i>. 2007</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theoi.com/greek-mythology/underworld-gods.html">«Underworld Gods»</a>, liste over greske guder assosiert eller tilknyttet underverden, <i>Theoi Project</i></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r23230704">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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href="/wiki/Afrodite" title="Afrodite">Afrodite</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Athene" title="Athene">Athene</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Apollon" title="Apollon">Apollon</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Artemis" title="Artemis">Artemis</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Ares" title="Ares">Ares</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Hefaistos" title="Hefaistos">Hefaistos</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Hermes" title="Hermes">Hermes</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Dionysos" title="Dionysos">Dionysos</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Grupper</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Amasoner" title="Amasoner">Amasoner</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Anemoi" title="Anemoi">Anemoi (vindguder)</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Drage" title="Drage">Drager</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Enhj%C3%B8rning" title="Enhjørning">Enhjørninger</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Erinyer" title="Erinyer">Erinyer</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Giganter" title="Giganter">Giganter</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Harpyier" title="Harpyier">Harpyier</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Greske_havguder" title="Greske havguder">Havguder</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Hekatonkheirer" title="Hekatonkheirer">Hekatonkheirer</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Kentaur" title="Kentaur">Kentaurer</a> <b>·</b> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ktoniske guder</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Kyklop" title="Kyklop">Kykloper</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Moirer" title="Moirer">Moirer</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Musene" title="Musene">Muser</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Najade" title="Najade">Najader</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Nymfe_(mytologi)" title="Nymfe (mytologi)">Nymfer</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Okeanidene" title="Okeanidene">Okeanider</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Satyr" title="Satyr">Satyrer</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Sibylle" title="Sibylle">Sibyller</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Sirene_(mytologi)" title="Sirene (mytologi)">Sirener</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Titaner" title="Titaner">Titaner</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Andre greske guder</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Aiolos" title="Aiolos">Aiolos</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Asklepios" title="Asklepios">Asklepios</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Dioskurene" title="Dioskurene">Dioskurene</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Eos" title="Eos">Eos</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Eris_(gudinne)" title="Eris (gudinne)">Eris</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Hades" title="Hades">Hades</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Harmonia_(mytologi)" title="Harmonia (mytologi)">Harmonia</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Hebe" title="Hebe">Hebe</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Hekate" title="Hekate">Hekate</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Helios" title="Helios">Helios</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Hestia" title="Hestia">Hestia</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Kharon" title="Kharon">Kharon</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Pan_(mytologi)" title="Pan (mytologi)">Pan</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Persefone" title="Persefone">Persefone</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Pluton_(gud)" title="Pluton (gud)">Pluton</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Selene" title="Selene">Selene</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Helter</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Ajax_(mytologi)" title="Ajax (mytologi)">Ajax</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Akilles" title="Akilles">Akilles</a> og <a href="/wiki/Den_trojanske_krig" title="Den trojanske krig">den trojanske krig</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Agamemnon" title="Agamemnon">Agamemnon</a> og <a href="/wiki/Iliaden" title="Iliaden">Iliaden</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Herakles" title="Herakles">Herakles</a> og hans <a href="/wiki/Herakles%E2%80%99_tolv_storverk" title="Herakles’ tolv storverk">tolv storverk</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Jason_(gresk_mytologi)" title="Jason (gresk mytologi)">Jason</a> og <a href="/wiki/Argonautene" title="Argonautene">Argonautene</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Persevs" title="Persevs">Persevs</a> og <a href="/wiki/Medusa" title="Medusa">Medusa</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Menelaos" title="Menelaos">Menelaos</a> og <a href="/wiki/Sparta" title="Sparta">Sparta</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Odyssevs" title="Odyssevs">Odyssevs</a> og <a href="/wiki/Odysseen" title="Odysseen">Odysseen</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Oidipus" title="Oidipus">Oidipus</a> og <a href="/wiki/Theben_(Hellas)" title="Theben (Hellas)">Theben</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Thesevs" title="Thesevs">Thesevs</a> og <a href="/wiki/Minotauros" title="Minotauros">Minotauros</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Triptolemos" title="Triptolemos">Triptolemos</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mytologiske vesener</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Kerberos" title="Kerberos">Kerberos</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Kharybdis" title="Kharybdis">Kharybdis</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Kirke_(gresk_mytologi)" title="Kirke (gresk mytologi)">Kirke</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Medusa" title="Medusa">Medusa</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Minotauros" title="Minotauros">Minotauros</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Pegasus_(mytologi)" title="Pegasus (mytologi)">Pegasus</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Python_(mytologi)" title="Python (mytologi)">Python</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Skylla" title="Skylla">Skylla</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Tyfon_(mytologi)" title="Tyfon (mytologi)">Tyfon</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Seremoni" title="Seremoni">Seremonier</a> og ritualer</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Amfidromia" title="Amfidromia">Amfidromia</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Farmakos" title="Farmakos">Farmakos</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Hekatombe" title="Hekatombe">Hekatombe</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Hymne" title="Hymne">Hymner</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Iatromantis" title="Iatromantis">Iatromantis</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Panathenaia" title="Panathenaia">Panathenaia</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Hellige plasser</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Delfi" title="Delfi">Delfi</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Didyma" title="Didyma">Didyma</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Oraklet_i_Dodona" title="Oraklet i Dodona">Dodona</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Dilos" title="Dilos">Dilos</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Olympia_(Hellas)" title="Olympia (Hellas)">Olympia</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Primærkilder</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Iliaden" title="Iliaden">Iliaden</a> (<a href="/wiki/Homer" title="Homer">Homer</a>) <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Odysseen" title="Odysseen">Odysseen</a> (<a href="/wiki/Homer" title="Homer">Homer</a>) <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Theogonien" title="Theogonien">Theogonien</a> (<a href="/wiki/Hesiod" title="Hesiod">Hesiod</a>) <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/De_homeriske_hymnene" title="De homeriske hymnene">De homeriske hymnene</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/De_orfiske_hymnene" title="De orfiske hymnene">De orfiske hymnene</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Argonautene" title="Argonautene">Argonautica</a> (<a href="/wiki/Apollonios_Rhodios" title="Apollonios Rhodios">Apollonios Rhodios</a>) <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Bibliotheca_(Pseudo-Apollodorus)" title="Bibliotheca (Pseudo-Apollodorus)">Bibliotheca</a> (<a href="/wiki/Apollodoros" title="Apollodoros">Apollodoros</a>)</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r23230704"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r24561737"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Oppslagsverk/autoritetsdata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th id="Oppslagsverk/autoritetsdata" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hjelp:Autoritetsdata" title="Hjelp:Autoritetsdata">Oppslagsverk/autoritetsdata</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/chthonic">Encyclopædia Britannica</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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