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id="toc-Management_style-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Post-Microsoft" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Post-Microsoft"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Post-Microsoft </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Post-Microsoft-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Post-Microsoft subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Post-Microsoft-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Business_ventures_and_investments" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Business_ventures_and_investments"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Business ventures and investments </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Business_ventures_and_investments-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Climate_change_and_energy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate_change_and_energy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Climate change and energy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate_change_and_energy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Political_positions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Political_positions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Political positions </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Political_positions-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Political positions subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Political_positions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Regulation_of_the_software_industry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Regulation_of_the_software_industry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Regulation of the software industry </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Regulation_of_the_software_industry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Donald_Trump_Facebook_ban" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Donald_Trump_Facebook_ban"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 Donald Trump Facebook ban </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Donald_Trump_Facebook_ban-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Patents_for_COVID-19_vaccines" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Patents_for_COVID-19_vaccines"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.3 Patents for COVID-19 vaccines </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Patents_for_COVID-19_vaccines-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cryptocurrencies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cryptocurrencies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.4 Cryptocurrencies </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cryptocurrencies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Philanthropy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Philanthropy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Philanthropy </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Philanthropy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Philanthropy subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Philanthropy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bill_&_Melinda_Gates_Foundation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bill_&_Melinda_Gates_Foundation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bill_&_Melinda_Gates_Foundation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Personal_donations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personal_donations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2 Personal donations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Personal_donations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Charity_sports_events" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Charity_sports_events"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.3 Charity sports events </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Charity_sports_events-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Books" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Books"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Books </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Books-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Personal_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personal_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Personal life </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Personal_life-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Personal life subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Personal_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Marriage,_family_and_divorce" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Marriage,_family_and_divorce"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.1 Marriage, family and divorce </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Marriage,_family_and_divorce-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Public_image" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Public_image"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.2 Public image </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Public_image-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religious_views" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religious_views"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.3 Religious views </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religious_views-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Wealth" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Wealth"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.4 Wealth </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Wealth-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Controversies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Controversies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Controversies </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Controversies-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Controversies subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Controversies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Antitrust_litigation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Antitrust_litigation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.1 Antitrust litigation </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Antitrust_litigation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Treatment_of_colleagues_and_employees" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Treatment_of_colleagues_and_employees"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.2 Treatment of colleagues and employees </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Treatment_of_colleagues_and_employees-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Relationship_with_Jeffrey_Epstein" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Relationship_with_Jeffrey_Epstein"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.3 Relationship with Jeffrey Epstein </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Relationship_with_Jeffrey_Epstein-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Recognition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Recognition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Recognition </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Recognition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Depiction_in_media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Depiction_in_media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 Depiction in media </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Depiction_in_media-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Depiction in media subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Depiction_in_media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Documentary_films_about_Gates" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Documentary_films_about_Gates"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11.1 Documentary films about Gates </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Documentary_films_about_Gates-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Feature_films" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Feature_films"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11.2 Feature films </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Feature_films-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Video_and_film_clips" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Video_and_film_clips"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11.3 Video and film clips </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Video_and_film_clips-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Radio" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Radio"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11.4 Radio </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Radio-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Television" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Television"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11.5 Television </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Television-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Books_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Books_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 Books </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Books_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 15 References </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle References subsection </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 15.1 Bibliography </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Primary_sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Primary_sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 15.2 Primary sources </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Primary_sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 16 Further reading </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 17 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Bill Gates</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 171 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-171" aria-hidden="true" > 171 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Gates" title="Bill Gates – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Bill Gates" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Gates" title="Bill Gates – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Bill Gates" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Alemannisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%89%A2%E1%88%8D_%E1%8C%8C%E1%89%B5%E1%88%B5" title="ቢል ጌትስ – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ቢል ጌትስ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target">አማርኛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8" title="बिल गेट्स – Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="बिल गेट्स" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target">अंगिका</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Gates" title="Bill Gates – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Bill Gates" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ænglisc</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%84_%D8%BA%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%B3" title="بيل غيتس – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بيل غيتس" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Gates" title="Bill Gates – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Bill Gates" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8A%D5%AB%D5%AC_%D4%BF%D5%A7%D5%B5%D5%A9%D5%BD" title="Պիլ Կէյթս – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Պիլ Կէյթս" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Արեւմտահայերէն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B2_%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%8D%E2%80%8C%E0%A6%9B" title="বিল গেট্‌ছ – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="বিল গেট্‌ছ" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">অসমীয়া</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Gates" title="Bill Gates – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Bill Gates" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8" title="बिल गेट्स – Awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="बिल गेट्स" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="Awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target">अवधी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Geyts" title="Bill Geyts – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Bill Geyts" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%84_%D9%82%D8%A6%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%B3" title="بیل قئیتس – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="بیل قئیتس" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Gates" title="Bill Gates – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Bill Gates" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Bali</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B2_%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%B8" title="বিল গেটস – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="বিল গেটস" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Gates" title="Bill Gates – Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Bill Gates" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Banjar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Gates" title="Bill Gates – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Bill Gates" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Gates" title="Bill Gates – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Bill Gates" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Banyumasan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB_%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%82%D1%81" title="Билл Гейтс – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Билл Гейтс" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target">Башҡортса</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%96%D0%BB_%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%82%D1%81" title="Біл Гейтс – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Біл Гейтс" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%96%D0%BB_%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%82%D1%81" title="Біл Гейтс – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Біл Гейтс" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Gates" title="Bill Gates – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Bill Gates" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bikol Central</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Gates" title="Bill Gates – Bislama" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Bill Gates" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="Bislama" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bislama</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BB_%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%82%D1%81" title="Бил Гейтс – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Бил Гейтс" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Gates" title="Bill Gates – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Bill Gates" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Boarisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Gates" title="Bill Gates – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Bill Gates" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Gates" title="Bill Gates – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Bill Gates" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Gates" title="Bill Gates – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Bill Gates" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB_%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%82%D1%81" title="Билл Гейтс – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Билл Гейтс" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target">Чӑвашла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Gates" title="Bill Gates – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Bill Gates" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum mw-list-item"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Gates" title="Bill Gates – Tumbuka" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="Bill Gates" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="Tumbuka" class="interlanguage-link-target">ChiTumbuka</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Gates" title="Bill Gates – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Bill Gates" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Gates" title="Bill Gates – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Bill Gates" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%84_%DD%A3%D9%8A%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%B3" title="بيل ݣييتس – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="بيل ݣييتس" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">الدارجة</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Gates" title="Bill Gates – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Bill Gates" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8" title="बिल गेट्स – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="बिल गेट्स" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target">डोटेली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dz mw-list-item"><a href="https://dz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%96%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%A3%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%82%E0%BD%BA%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%8A%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8D_Bill_Gates" title="བིལ་གེ་ཊིས། Bill Gates – Dzongkha" lang="dz" hreflang="dz" data-title="བིལ་གེ་ཊིས། Bill Gates" data-language-autonym="ཇོང་ཁ" data-language-local-name="Dzongkha" class="interlanguage-link-target">ཇོང་ཁ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Gates" title="Bill Gates – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Bill Gates" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CF%80%CE%B9%CE%BB_%CE%93%CE%BA%CE%AD%CE%B9%CF%84%CF%82" title="Μπιλ Γκέιτς – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μπιλ Γκέιτς" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Gates" title="Bill Gates – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Bill Gates" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Gates" title="Bill Gates – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Bill Gates" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Gates" title="Bill Gates – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Bill Gates" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target">Estremeñu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Gates" title="Bill Gates – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Bill Gates" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ee mw-list-item"><a href="https://ee.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Gates" title="Bill Gates – Ewe" lang="ee" hreflang="ee" data-title="Bill Gates" data-language-autonym="Eʋegbe" data-language-local-name="Ewe" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eʋegbe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%84_%DA%AF%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%B3" title="بیل گیتس – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="بیل گیتس" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Gates" title="Bill Gates – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Bill Gates" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Føroyskt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Gates" title="Bill Gates – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Bill Gates" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Gates" title="Bill Gates – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Bill Gates" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Gates" title="Bill Gates – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Bill Gates" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Gates" title="Bill Gates – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Bill Gates" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gàidhlig</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Gates" title="Bill Gates – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Bill Gates" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Gates" title="Bill Gates – Kikuyu" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="Bill Gates" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="Kikuyu" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gĩkũyũ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%AC%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%B2_%E0%AA%97%E0%AB%87%E0%AA%9F%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%B8" title="બિલ ગેટ્સ – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="બિલ ગેટ્સ" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target">ગુજરાતી</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Gates" title="Bill Gates – Goan Konkani" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="Bill Gates" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="Goan Konkani" class="interlanguage-link-target">गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Gates" title="Bill Gates – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Bill Gates" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B9%8C_%EA%B2%8C%EC%9D%B4%EC%B8%A0" title="빌 게이츠 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="빌 게이츠" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Gates" title="Bill Gates – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Bill Gates" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hausa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B2%D5%AB%D5%AC_%D4%B3%D5%A5%D5%B5%D5%A9%D5%BD" title="Բիլ Գեյթս – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Բիլ Գեյթս" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8" title="बिल गेट्स – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="बिल गेट्स" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Gates" title="Bill Gates – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Bill Gates" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Gates" title="Bill Gates – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Bill Gates" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Gates" title="Bill Gates – Igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Bill Gates" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="Igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Igbo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Gates" title="Bill Gates – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Bill Gates" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ilokano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Gates" title="Bill Gates – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bill Gates" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Gates" title="Bill Gates – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Bill Gates" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%82%D1%81,_%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB" title="Гейтс, Билл – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Гейтс, Билл" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ирон</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Gates" title="Bill Gates – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Bill Gates" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Gates" title="Bill Gates – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Bill Gates" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%99%D7%9C_%D7%92%D7%99%D7%99%D7%98%D7%A1" title="ביל גייטס – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ביל גייטס" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Gates" title="Bill Gates – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Bill Gates" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AC%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%97%E0%B3%87%E0%B2%9F%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D" title="ಬಿಲ್ ಗೇಟ್ಸ್ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಬಿಲ್ ಗೇಟ್ಸ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Gates" title="Bill Gates – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Bill Gates" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kapampangan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%91%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A_%E1%83%92%E1%83%94%E1%83%98%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98" title="ბილ გეიტსი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ბილ გეიტსი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%90%D9%84_%DA%AF%DB%8C%D9%B9%D9%95%D8%B3" title="بِل گیٹٕس – Kashmiri" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="بِل گیٹٕس" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="Kashmiri" class="interlanguage-link-target">कॉशुर / کٲشُر</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB_%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%82%D1%81" title="Билл Гейтс – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Билл Гейтс" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Gates" title="Bill Gates – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Bill Gates" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kernowek</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Gates" title="Bill Gates – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Bill Gates" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Gates" title="Bill Gates – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Bill Gates" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB_%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%82%D1%81" title="Билл Гейтс – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Билл Гейтс" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%9A%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%A5_%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%94" title="ບິລ ເກດ – Lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ບິລ ເກດ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Lao" class="interlanguage-link-target">ລາວ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gulielmus_Gates" title="Gulielmus Gates – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Gulielmus Gates" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bills_Geitss" title="Bills Geitss – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Bills Geitss" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Gates" title="Bill Gates – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Bill Gates" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Gates" title="Bill Gates – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Bill Gates" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Gates" title="Bill Gates – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Bill Gates" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ligure</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Gates" title="Bill Gates – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Bill Gates" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Limburgs</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Gates" title="Bill Gates – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Bill Gates" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingua Franca Nova</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/bil._geits" title="bil. geits – Lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="bil. geits" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="Lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target">La .lojban.</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Gates" title="Bill Gates – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Bill Gates" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lombard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Gates" title="Bill Gates – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Bill Gates" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8" title="बिल गेट्स – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="बिल गेट्स" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target">मैथिली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BB_%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%98%D1%82%D1%81" title="Бил Гејтс – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Бил Гејтс" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Gates" title="Bill Gates – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Bill Gates" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AC%E0%B4%BF%E0%B5%BD_%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D" title="ബിൽ ഗേറ്റ്സ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ബിൽ ഗേറ്റ്സ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Gates" title="Bill Gates – Maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Bill Gates" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8" title="बिल गेट्स – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="बिल गेट्स" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%91%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A_%E1%83%92%E1%83%94%E1%83%98%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98" title="ბილ გეიტსი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ბილ გეიტსი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%84_%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%B3" title="بيل جيتس – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="بيل جيتس" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%84_%DA%AF%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%B3" title="بیل گیتس – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="بیل گیتس" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target">مازِرونی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Gates" title="Bill Gates – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Bill Gates" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%95%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%9C_%EA%AF%92%EA%AF%A6%EA%AF%A0%EA%AF%81" title="ꯕꯤꯜ ꯒꯦꯠꯁ – Manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯕꯤꯜ ꯒꯦꯠꯁ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="Manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Gates" title="Bill Gates – Mirandese" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Bill Gates" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="Mirandese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Mirandés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB_%D0%93%D1%8D%D0%B9%D1%82%D1%81" title="Билл Гэйтс – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Билл Гэйтс" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%98%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9C%E1%80%BA_%E1%80%82%E1%80%AD%E1%80%90%E1%80%BA" title="ဘီလ် ဂိတ် – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဘီလ် ဂိတ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Gates" title="Bill Gates – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Bill Gates" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8" title="बिल गेट्स – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="बिल गेट्स" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8" title="बिल गेत्स – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="बिल गेत्स" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाल भाषा</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%93%E3%83%AB%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B2%E3%82%A4%E3%83%84" title="ビル・ゲイツ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ビル・ゲイツ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Gates" title="Bill Gates – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Bill Gates" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Gates" title="Bill Gates – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Bill Gates" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Gates" title="Bill Gates – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Bill Gates" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%AC%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%B2%E0%AD%8D_%E0%AC%97%E0%AD%87%E0%AC%9F%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%B8%E0%AD%8D" title="ବିଲ୍ ଗେଟ୍ସ୍ – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ବିଲ୍ ଗେଟ୍ସ୍" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target">ଓଡ଼ିଆ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Gate" title="Bill Gate – Oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Bill Gate" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="Oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oromoo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Gates" title="Bill Gates – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Bill Gates" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B2_%E0%A8%97%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%9F%E0%A8%B8" title="ਬਿਲ ਗੇਟਸ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਬਿਲ ਗੇਟਸ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%84_%DA%AF%DB%8C%D9%B9%D8%B3" title="بل گیٹس – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="بل گیٹس" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%84_%DA%AB%DB%8C%D9%BC" title="بیل ګیټ – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="بیل ګیټ" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%8A%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%9B_%E1%9E%A0%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%82%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%8F" title="ប៊ីល ហ្គេត – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ប៊ីល ហ្គេត" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target">ភាសាខ្មែរ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Gates" title="Bill Gates – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Bill Gates" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Plattdüütsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Gates" title="Bill Gates – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Bill Gates" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Gates" title="Bill Gates – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Bill Gates" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Gates" title="Bill Gates – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Bill Gates" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Qaraqalpaqsha</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Gates" title="Bill Gates – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Bill Gates" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Gates" title="Bill Gates – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Bill Gates" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%82%D1%81,_%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB" title="Гейтс, Билл – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Гейтс, Билл" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB_%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%82%D1%81" title="Билл Гейтс – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Билл Гейтс" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target">Саха тыла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8" title="बिल गेट्स – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="बिल गेट्स" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target">संस्कृतम्</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Gates" title="Bill Gates – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Bill Gates" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sardu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Gates" title="Bill Gates – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Bill Gates" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Gates" title="Bill Gates – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Bill Gates" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Gates" title="Bill Gates – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Bill Gates" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sicilianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B6%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8A_%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%9A%E0%B6%A7%E0%B7%8A%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A" title="බිල් ගේට්ස් – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="බිල් ගේට්ස්" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target">සිංහල</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Gates" title="Bill Gates – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Bill Gates" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%84_%DA%AF%D9%8A%D9%BD%D8%B3" title="بل گيٽس – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="بل گيٽس" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target">سنڌي</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Gates" title="Bill Gates – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Bill Gates" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Gates" title="Bill Gates – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Bill Gates" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Gates" title="Bill Gates – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Bill Gates" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ślůnski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Gates" title="Bill Gates – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Bill Gates" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target">Soomaaliga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%84_%DA%AF%DB%95%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%B3" title="بیل گەیتس – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="بیل گەیتس" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BB_%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%98%D1%82%D1%81" title="Бил Гејтс – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Бил Гејтс" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Gates" title="Bill Gates – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Bill Gates" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Gates" title="Bill Gates – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Bill Gates" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sunda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Gates" title="Bill Gates – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Bill Gates" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Gates" title="Bill Gates – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Bill Gates" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Gates" title="Bill Gates – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Bill Gates" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B8%E0%AF%8D" title="பில் கேட்ஸ் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பில் கேட்ஸ்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Gates" title="Bill Gates – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Bill Gates" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target">Taqbaylit</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB_%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%82%D1%81" title="Билл Гейтс – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Билл Гейтс" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%95%E1%80%AE%E1%82%87%E1%80%9C%E1%80%BA%E1%81%B5%E1%80%B5%E1%81%B5%E1%80%BA%E1%82%89" title="ပီႇလ်ၵဵၵ်ႉ – Shan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="ပီႇလ်ၵဵၵ်ႉ" data-language-autonym="တႆး" data-language-local-name="Shan" class="interlanguage-link-target">တႆး</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AC%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%97%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D" title="బిల్ గేట్స్ – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="బిల్ గేట్స్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target">తెలుగు</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A5_%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%8C" title="บิล เกตส์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="บิล เกตส์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB_%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%82%D1%81" title="Билл Гейтс – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Билл Гейтс" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тоҷикӣ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Gates" title="Bill Gates – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Bill Gates" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Ge%C3%BDts" title="Bill Geýts – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Bill Geýts" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkmençe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%96%D0%BB%D0%BB_%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%82%D1%81" title="Білл Гейтс – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Білл Гейтс" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%84_%DA%AF%DB%8C%D9%B9%D8%B3" title="بل گیٹس – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="بل گیٹس" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%89%D9%84_%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%AA%D9%89%D8%B3" title="بىل گايتىس – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="بىل گايتىس" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target">ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Gates" title="Bill Gates – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Bill Gates" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vèneto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Gates" title="Bill Gates – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Bill Gates" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Gates" title="Bill Gates – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Bill Gates" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target">Volapük</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gatesi_Bill" title="Gatesi Bill – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Gatesi Bill" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target">Võro</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Gates" title="Bill Gates – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Bill Gates" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%AF%94%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E7%9B%96%E8%8C%A8" title="比尔·盖茨 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="比尔·盖茨" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%99%D7%9C_%D7%92%D7%A2%D7%99%D7%98%D7%A1" title="ביל געיטס – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="ביל געיטס" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target">ייִדיש</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Gates" title="Bill Gates – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Bill Gates" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target">Yorùbá</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%AF%94%E7%88%BE%E8%93%8B%E8%8C%A8" title="比爾蓋茨 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="比爾蓋茨" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Gates" title="Bill Gates – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Bill Gates" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zazaki</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bils_Geitsos" title="Bils Geitsos – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Bils Geitsos" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Žemaitėška</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%AF%94%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E7%9B%96%E8%8C%A8" title="比尔·盖茨 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="比尔·盖茨" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Gates" title="Bill Gates – Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Bill Gates" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target">Batak Mandailing</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-syl mw-list-item"><a href="https://syl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%A0%9B%EA%A0%A4%EA%A0%9F_%EA%A0%89%EA%A0%A6%EA%A0%90%EA%A0%A1" title="ꠛꠤꠟ ꠉꠦꠐꠡ – Sylheti" lang="syl" hreflang="syl" data-title="ꠛꠤꠟ ꠉꠦꠐꠡ" data-language-autonym="ꠍꠤꠟꠐꠤ" data-language-local-name="Sylheti" class="interlanguage-link-target">ꠍꠤꠟꠐꠤ</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q5284#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul 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For other people with the same name, see <a href="/wiki/Bill_Gates_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Bill Gates (disambiguation)">Bill Gates (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Bill Gates</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Bill_Gates,_September_2024.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Bill Gates in 2024" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Bill_Gates%2C_September_2024.jpg/220px-Bill_Gates%2C_September_2024.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Bill_Gates%2C_September_2024.jpg/330px-Bill_Gates%2C_September_2024.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Bill_Gates%2C_September_2024.jpg/440px-Bill_Gates%2C_September_2024.jpg 2x" data-file-width="577" data-file-height="769" /></a><div class="infobox-caption">Gates in 2024</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">William Henry Gates III</div> (1955-10-28) October 28, 1955 (age 69) <div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Seattle" title="Seattle">Seattle</a>, Washington, U.S.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Education</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard University</a> (dropped out)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupations</th><td class="infobox-data role"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output 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li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Businessman</li><li>philanthropist</li><li>computer programmer</li><li>writer</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Years active</th><td class="infobox-data">1972–present</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Known for</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Pioneer of the <a href="/wiki/Personal_computer_revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Personal computer revolution">personal computer revolution</a> with <a href="/wiki/Paul_Allen" title="Paul Allen">Paul Allen</a></div></li> <li><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Co-founding of <a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gates_Foundation" title="Gates Foundation">Gates Foundation</a></div></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Title</th><td class="infobox-data title"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold; font-style:italic; font-weight:normal;"><div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1150407293">body:not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .ifmobile>.mobile{display:none}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .ifmobile>.nomobile{display:inherit;display:initial}</style>See <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style>list</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> Chair of the <a href="/wiki/Gates_Foundation" title="Gates Foundation">Gates Foundation</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> Chairman and founder of <a href="/wiki/Cascade_Investment" title="Cascade Investment">Cascade Investment</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> Chairman and founder of <a href="/wiki/Branded_Entertainment_Network" class="mw-redirect" title="Branded Entertainment Network">Branded Entertainment Network</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> Chairman and co-founder of <a href="/wiki/TerraPower" title="TerraPower">TerraPower</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> Founder of <a href="/wiki/Breakthrough_Energy" title="Breakthrough Energy">Breakthrough Energy</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> Founder of <a href="/wiki/Gates_Ventures" title="Gates Ventures">Gates Ventures</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> Technology advisor of <a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Melinda_French_Gates" title="Melinda French Gates">Melinda French</a></div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1994; <abbr title="divorced">div.</abbr> 2021)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">3</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Parents</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Gates_Sr." title="Bill Gates Sr.">Bill Gates Sr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Maxwell_Gates" title="Mary Maxwell Gates">Mary Maxwell</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Awards</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /><div class="plainlist" style="margin-left:1em;text-indent:-1em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Knight_Commander_of_the_Order_of_the_British_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire">Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Padma_Bhushan" title="Padma Bhushan">Padma Bhushan</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_Medal_of_Freedom" title="Presidential Medal of Freedom">Presidential Medal of Freedom</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Rising_Sun" title="Order of the Rising Sun">Grand Cordon of the Order of the Rising Sun</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hilal-e-Pakistan" title="Hilal-e-Pakistan">Hilal-e-Pakistan</a> (2022)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gatesnotes.com">gatesnotes.com</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Signature</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks bill-gates-series vcard hlist"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><table><tbody><tr> <td style="background:lavender; vertical-align:middle; padding:5px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Bill_Gates_-_2023_-_P062021-967902_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Bill Gates in 2023" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Bill_Gates_-_2023_-_P062021-967902_%28cropped%29.jpg/75px-Bill_Gates_-_2023_-_P062021-967902_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Bill_Gates_-_2023_-_P062021-967902_%28cropped%29.jpg/113px-Bill_Gates_-_2023_-_P062021-967902_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Bill_Gates_-_2023_-_P062021-967902_%28cropped%29.jpg/150px-Bill_Gates_-_2023_-_P062021-967902_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1810" data-file-height="2415" /></a></td> <td style="background:lavender; vertical-align:middle; padding:6px; width:100%;">This article is part of a series about <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bill Gates</a></td> </tr></tbody></table></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <hr /> <div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="">Personal</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Recognition">Awards and honors</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Philanthropy">Philanthropy</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Political_positions">Political positions</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Public_image">Public image</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Gates%27s_house" title="Bill Gates's house">Residence</a></li></ul> </div></div> <hr /> <div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="">Companies</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Traf-O-Data" title="Traf-O-Data">Traf-O-Data</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Microsoft" title="History of Microsoft">history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Microsoft" title="Timeline of Microsoft">timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_Microsoft" title="Criticism of Microsoft">criticism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BENlabs" title="BENlabs">BENlabs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cascade_Investment" title="Cascade Investment">Cascade Investment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TerraPower" title="TerraPower">TerraPower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gates_Ventures" title="Gates Ventures">Gates Ventures</a></li></ul> </div></div> <hr /> <div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="">Charitable organizations</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bill_%26_Melinda_Gates_Foundation" class="mw-redirect" title="Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation">Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Match_for_Africa" title="Match for Africa">Match for Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Giving_Pledge" title="The Giving Pledge">The Giving Pledge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OER_Project" title="OER Project">OER Project</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breakthrough_Energy" title="Breakthrough Energy">Breakthrough Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mission_Innovation" title="Mission Innovation">Mission Innovation</a></li></ul> </div></div> <hr /> <div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="">Writings</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/An_Open_Letter_to_Hobbyists" title="An Open Letter to Hobbyists">An Open Letter to Hobbyists</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Road_Ahead_(Gates_book)" title="The Road Ahead (Gates book)">The Road Ahead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Business_@_the_Speed_of_Thought" title="Business @ the Speed of Thought">Business @ the Speed of Thought</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/How_to_Avoid_a_Climate_Disaster" title="How to Avoid a Climate Disaster">How to Avoid a Climate Disaster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/How_to_Prevent_the_Next_Pandemic" title="How to Prevent the Next Pandemic">How to Prevent the Next Pandemic</a></li></ul> </div></div> <hr /> <div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="">Related</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Gates%27_flower_fly" title="Bill Gates' flower fly">Bill Gates' flower fly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Codex_Leicester" title="Codex Leicester">Codex Leicester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lost_on_the_Grand_Banks" title="Lost on the Grand Banks">Lost on the Grand Banks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Allen" title="Paul Allen">Paul Allen</a></li></ul> </div></div> <hr /></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Bill_Gates_series" title="Template:Bill Gates series"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Bill_Gates_series" title="Template talk:Bill Gates series"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Bill_Gates_series" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Bill Gates series"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> William Henry Gates III (born October 28, 1955) is an American businessman and philanthropist best known for co-founding the software company <a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a> with his childhood friend <a href="/wiki/Paul_Allen" title="Paul Allen">Paul Allen</a>. He later held the positions of chairman, chief executive officer (CEO), president, and <a href="/wiki/Chief_software_architect" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief software architect">chief software architect</a> of the company. Gates was also its largest individual <a href="/wiki/Shareholder" title="Shareholder">shareholder</a> until May 2014.<a href="#cite_note-3">[a]</a> He was a pioneer of the <a href="/wiki/Microcomputer_revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Microcomputer revolution">microcomputer revolution</a> of the 1970s and 1980s. In June 2008, Gates transitioned into a <a href="/wiki/Part-time_job" title="Part-time job">part-time role</a> at Microsoft and full-time work at the <a href="/wiki/Gates_Foundation" title="Gates Foundation">Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation</a>, the private charitable foundation he and his then-wife <a href="/wiki/Melinda_French_Gates" title="Melinda French Gates">Melinda</a> had established in 2000. He stepped down as chairman of the Microsoft board in February 2014 and assumed the role of technology adviser to support newly appointed CEO <a href="/wiki/Satya_Nadella" title="Satya Nadella">Satya Nadella</a>. In March 2020, Gates left his board positions at Microsoft and <a href="/wiki/Berkshire_Hathaway" title="Berkshire Hathaway">Berkshire Hathaway</a> to focus on his philanthropic efforts on <a href="/wiki/Climate_change" title="Climate change">climate change</a>, <a href="/wiki/Global_health" title="Global health">global health</a> and development, and education. Gates was born and raised in <a href="/wiki/Seattle" title="Seattle">Seattle</a>, Washington. In 1975, he and Allen founded Microsoft in <a href="/wiki/Albuquerque,_New_Mexico" title="Albuquerque, New Mexico">Albuquerque, New Mexico</a>. Gates led the company as its chairman and chief executive officer until stepping down as CEO in January 2000, succeeded by <a href="/wiki/Steve_Ballmer" title="Steve Ballmer">Steve Ballmer</a>, but he remained chairman of the board of directors and became chief software architect. During the late 1990s, he was <a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_Microsoft" title="Criticism of Microsoft">criticized for his business tactics</a>, which were considered <a href="/wiki/Anti-competitive" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-competitive">anti-competitive</a>. Since 1987, Gates has been included in the <a href="/wiki/Forbes" title="Forbes">Forbes</a> <a href="/wiki/The_World%27s_Billionaires" title="The World's Billionaires">list of the world's top billionaires</a>. From 1995 to 2017, he held the title of the wealthiest person in the world every year except in 2008 and from 2010 to 2013. In 1999, he became the first ever centibillionaire when his net worth briefly surpassed US$100 billion. Since leaving day-to-day operations at Microsoft in 2008, Gates has pursued other business and philanthropic endeavors. He is the founder and chairman of several companies, including <a href="/wiki/Branded_Entertainment_Network" class="mw-redirect" title="Branded Entertainment Network">BEN</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cascade_Investment" title="Cascade Investment">Cascade Investment</a>, <a href="/wiki/TerraPower" title="TerraPower">TerraPower</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gates_Ventures" title="Gates Ventures">Gates Ventures</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Breakthrough_Energy" title="Breakthrough Energy">Breakthrough Energy</a>. He has donated to various charitable organizations and scientific research programs through the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, reported to be the world's largest <a href="/wiki/Private_foundation" title="Private foundation">private charity</a>. Through the foundation, he led an early 21st century <a href="/wiki/Vaccination" title="Vaccination">vaccination</a> campaign that significantly contributed to the eradication of the wild <a href="/wiki/Poliovirus" title="Poliovirus">poliovirus</a> in Africa. In 2010, Gates and <a href="/wiki/Warren_Buffett" title="Warren Buffett">Warren Buffett</a> founded <a href="/wiki/The_Giving_Pledge" title="The Giving Pledge">the Giving Pledge</a>, whereby they and other billionaires pledge to give at least half of their wealth towards philanthropy. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life_and_education">Early life and education</h2></div> William Henry Gates III was born on October 28, 1955, in Seattle, Washington,<a href="#cite_note-4">[3]</a> as the only son of <a href="/wiki/William_H._Gates_Sr." class="mw-redirect" title="William H. Gates Sr.">William H. Gates Sr.</a><a href="#cite_note-5">[b]</a> (1925–2020) and his first wife, <a href="/wiki/Mary_Maxwell_Gates" title="Mary Maxwell Gates">Mary Maxwell Gates</a> (1929–1994).<a href="#cite_note-mary-maxwell-gates-obit-6">[4]</a> His ancestry includes <a href="/wiki/English_people" title="English people">English</a>, <a href="/wiki/Germans" title="Germans">German</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Irish_people" title="Irish people">Irish</a>/<a href="/wiki/Scotch-Irish_Americans" title="Scotch-Irish Americans">Scots-Irish</a>.<a href="#cite_note-7">[5]</a> His father was a prominent <a href="/wiki/Lawyer" title="Lawyer">lawyer</a>, and his mother served on the board of directors of <a href="/wiki/First_Interstate_BancSystem" title="First Interstate BancSystem">First Interstate BancSystem</a> and <a href="/wiki/United_Way_of_America" class="mw-redirect" title="United Way of America">United Way of America</a>. Gates's maternal grandfather J. W. Maxwell was a national bank president. Gates also has an older sister Kristi (Kristianne) and a younger sister Libby. He is the fourth of his name in his family but is known as William Gates III or "Trey" (i.e., three) because his father had the "II" suffix.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEManes199415-8">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-leibovich20001231-9">[7]</a> The family lived in the <a href="/wiki/Sand_Point,_Seattle" title="Sand Point, Seattle">Sand Point</a> area of Seattle in a home that was damaged by a rare <a href="/wiki/Tornado" title="Tornado">tornado</a> when Gates was 7.<a href="#cite_note-10">[8]</a> When Gates was young his parents wanted him to pursue a career in law.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEManes199447-11">[9]</a> During his childhood, his family regularly attended a church of the <a href="/wiki/Congregational_Christian_Churches" title="Congregational Christian Churches">Congregational Christian Churches</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Protestant_Reformed_Churches_in_America" title="Protestant Reformed Churches in America">Protestant Reformed</a> denomination.<a href="#cite_note-Congregational_1-12">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-Congregational_2-13">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-Congregational_3-14">[12]</a> Gates was small for his age and was bullied as a child.<a href="#cite_note-leibovich20001231-9">[7]</a> The family encouraged competition; one visitor reported that "it didn't matter whether it was <a href="/wiki/Hearts_(card_game)" title="Hearts (card game)">hearts</a> or <a href="/wiki/Pickleball" title="Pickleball">pickleball</a> or swimming to the dock; there was always a reward for winning and there was always a penalty for losing".<a href="#cite_note-nerds2-15">[13]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Paul_Allen_and_Bill_Gates_at_Lakeside_School_in_1970.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Paul_Allen_and_Bill_Gates_at_Lakeside_School_in_1970.jpg/220px-Paul_Allen_and_Bill_Gates_at_Lakeside_School_in_1970.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Paul_Allen_and_Bill_Gates_at_Lakeside_School_in_1970.jpg/330px-Paul_Allen_and_Bill_Gates_at_Lakeside_School_in_1970.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Paul_Allen_and_Bill_Gates_at_Lakeside_School_in_1970.jpg/440px-Paul_Allen_and_Bill_Gates_at_Lakeside_School_in_1970.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="811" /></a><figcaption>Gates (right) with <a href="/wiki/Paul_Allen" title="Paul Allen">Paul Allen</a> seated at <a href="/wiki/Teletype_Model_33" title="Teletype Model 33">Teletype Model 33</a> ASR terminals in <a href="/wiki/Lakeside_School_(Seattle)" title="Lakeside School (Seattle)">Lakeside School</a>, 1970</figcaption></figure> At age 13, he enrolled in the private <a href="/wiki/Lakeside_School_(Seattle,_Washington)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lakeside School (Seattle, Washington)">Lakeside prep school</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEManes199424-16">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-17">[15]</a> When he was in the eighth grade, the Mothers' Club at the school used proceeds from Lakeside School's <a href="/wiki/Rummage_sale" class="mw-redirect" title="Rummage sale">rummage sale</a> to buy a <a href="/wiki/Teletype_Model_33" title="Teletype Model 33">Teletype Model 33</a> ASR terminal and a block of computer time on a <a href="/wiki/General_Electric" title="General Electric">General Electric</a> (GE) computer for the students.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEManes199427-18">[16]</a> Gates took an interest in programming the GE system in <a href="/wiki/BASIC" title="BASIC">BASIC</a>, and he was excused from math classes to pursue his interest. He wrote his first computer program on this machine, an implementation of <a href="/wiki/Tic-tac-toe" title="Tic-tac-toe">tic-tac-toe</a> that allowed users to play games against the computer. Gates was fascinated by the machine and how it would always execute software code perfectly.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGates199612-19">[17]</a> After the Mothers Club donation was exhausted, Gates and other students sought time on systems including <a href="/wiki/Digital_Equipment_Corporation" title="Digital Equipment Corporation">DEC</a> <a href="/wiki/Programmed_Data_Processor" title="Programmed Data Processor">PDP</a> minicomputers. One of these systems was a <a href="/wiki/PDP-10" title="PDP-10">PDP-10</a> belonging to <a href="/wiki/Computer_Center_Corporation" title="Computer Center Corporation">Computer Center Corporation</a> (CCC) which banned Gates, <a href="/wiki/Paul_Allen" title="Paul Allen">Paul Allen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ric_Weiland" title="Ric Weiland">Ric Weiland</a>, and Gates's best friend and first business partner Kent Evans for the summer after it caught them exploiting <a href="/wiki/Bug_(engineering)" title="Bug (engineering)">bugs</a> in the operating system to obtain free computer time.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEManes199434-20">[18]</a><a href="#cite_note-leibovich20001231-9">[7]</a> The four students formed the Lakeside Programmers Club to make money.<a href="#cite_note-leibovich20001231-9">[7]</a> At the end of the ban, they offered to find bugs in CCC's software in exchange for extra computer time. Rather than using the system remotely via <a href="/wiki/Teleprinter" title="Teleprinter">Teletype</a>, Gates went to CCC's offices and studied <a href="/wiki/Source_code" title="Source code">source code</a> for various programs that ran on the system, including <a href="/wiki/Fortran" title="Fortran">Fortran</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lisp_(programming_language)" title="Lisp (programming language)">Lisp</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Machine_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Machine language">machine language</a>. The arrangement with CCC continued until 1970 when the company went out of business. The following year, a Lakeside teacher enlisted Gates and Evans to automate the school's class-scheduling system, providing them computer time and royalties in return. The duo worked diligently in order to have the program ready for their senior year. Towards the end of their junior year, Evans was killed in a mountain climbing accident, which Gates described as one of the saddest days of his life. He then turned to Allen who helped him finish the system for Lakeside.<a href="#cite_note-leibovich20001231-9">[7]</a> At age 17, Gates formed a venture with Allen called <a href="/wiki/Traf-O-Data" title="Traf-O-Data">Traf-O-Data</a> to make traffic counters based on the <a href="/wiki/Intel_8008" title="Intel 8008">Intel 8008</a> processor.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGates199614-21">[19]</a> In 1972, he served as a <a href="/wiki/Congressional_page" class="mw-redirect" title="Congressional page">congressional page</a> in the House of Representatives.<a href="#cite_note-Schuman2008-22">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-Sims2018-23">[21]</a> He was a <a href="/wiki/National_Merit_Scholarship_Program" title="National Merit Scholarship Program">national merit scholar</a> when he graduated from Lakeside School in 1973.<a href="#cite_note-24">[22]</a> He scored 1590 out of 1600 on the <a href="/wiki/SAT" title="SAT">Scholastic Aptitude Tests</a> (SAT) and enrolled at <a href="/wiki/Harvard_College" title="Harvard College">Harvard College</a> in the autumn of 1973.<a href="#cite_note-25">[23]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGates199615-26">[24]</a> He did not stay at Harvard long enough to choose a concentration, but took mathematics (including <a href="/wiki/Math_55" title="Math 55">Math 55</a>) and graduate level computer science courses.<a href="#cite_note-27">[25]</a> While at Harvard, he met fellow student and future Microsoft CEO <a href="/wiki/Steve_Ballmer" title="Steve Ballmer">Steve Ballmer</a>. Gates left Harvard after two years while Ballmer stayed and graduated <a href="/wiki/Magna_cum_laude" class="mw-redirect" title="Magna cum laude">magna cum laude</a>. Years later, Ballmer succeeded Gates as Microsoft's CEO and maintained that position from 2000 until his resignation in 2014.<a href="#cite_note-28">[26]</a><a href="#cite_note-29">[27]</a> Gates devised an algorithm for <a href="/wiki/Pancake_sorting" title="Pancake sorting">pancake sorting</a> as a solution to one of a series of <a href="/wiki/List_of_unsolved_problems_in_mathematics" title="List of unsolved problems in mathematics">unsolved problems</a><a href="#cite_note-Kestenbaum2008-30">[28]</a> presented in a <a href="/wiki/Combinatorics" title="Combinatorics">combinatorics</a> class by professor <a href="/wiki/Harry_R._Lewis" title="Harry R. Lewis">Harry Lewis</a>. His solution held the record as the fastest version for over 30 years, and its successor is faster by only 2%.<a href="#cite_note-31">[29]</a> His solution was formalized and published in collaboration with Harvard computer scientist <a href="/wiki/Christos_Papadimitriou" title="Christos Papadimitriou">Christos Papadimitriou</a>.<a href="#cite_note-gatespapadimitriou-32">[30]</a> Gates remained in contact with Paul Allen and joined him at <a href="/wiki/Honeywell" title="Honeywell">Honeywell</a> during the summer of 1974.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWallace199359-33">[31]</a> In 1975, the <a href="/wiki/MITS_Altair_8800" class="mw-redirect" title="MITS Altair 8800">MITS Altair 8800</a> was released based on the <a href="/wiki/Intel_8080_CPU" class="mw-redirect" title="Intel 8080 CPU">Intel 8080 CPU</a>, and Gates and Allen saw the opportunity to start their own computer software company.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGates199618-34">[32]</a> Gates dropped out of Harvard that same year. His parents were supportive of him after seeing how much he wanted to start his own company.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGates199619-35">[33]</a> He explained his decision to leave Harvard: "if things hadn't worked out, I could always go back to school. I was officially on leave."<a href="#cite_note-36">[34]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Microsoft">Microsoft</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/History_of_Microsoft" title="History of Microsoft">History of Microsoft</a> and <a href="/wiki/Microsoft#History" title="Microsoft">Microsoft § History</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="BASIC">BASIC</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Altair_8800_Computer.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Altair_8800_Computer.jpg/220px-Altair_8800_Computer.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="199" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Altair_8800_Computer.jpg/330px-Altair_8800_Computer.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Altair_8800_Computer.jpg/440px-Altair_8800_Computer.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1495" data-file-height="1349" /></a><figcaption>MITS <a href="/wiki/Altair_8800" title="Altair 8800">Altair 8800</a> Computer with 8-inch (200 mm) floppy disk system whose first programming language was Microsoft's founding product, <a href="/wiki/Altair_BASIC" title="Altair BASIC">Altair BASIC</a></figcaption></figure> Gates read the January 1975 issue of <a href="/wiki/Popular_Electronics" title="Popular Electronics">Popular Electronics</a> which demonstrated the <a href="/wiki/Altair_8800" title="Altair 8800">Altair 8800</a>, and contacted <a href="/wiki/Micro_Instrumentation_and_Telemetry_Systems" title="Micro Instrumentation and Telemetry Systems">Micro Instrumentation and Telemetry Systems</a> (MITS) to inform them that he and others were working on a <a href="/wiki/BASIC" title="BASIC">BASIC</a> interpreter for the platform.<a href="#cite_note-keyevents-37">[35]</a> In reality, Gates and Allen did not have an Altair and had not written code for it; they merely wanted to gauge MITS's interest. MITS president <a href="/wiki/Ed_Roberts_(computers)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ed Roberts (computers)">Ed Roberts</a> agreed to meet them for a demonstration, and over the course of a few weeks they developed an Altair <a href="/wiki/Emulator" title="Emulator">emulator</a> that ran on a minicomputer, and then the BASIC interpreter. The demonstration was held at MITS's offices in <a href="/wiki/Albuquerque,_New_Mexico" title="Albuquerque, New Mexico">Albuquerque, New Mexico</a>; it was a success and resulted in a deal with MITS to distribute the interpreter as <a href="/wiki/Altair_BASIC" title="Altair BASIC">Altair BASIC</a>. MITS hired Allen,<a href="#cite_note-thocp1-38">[36]</a> and Gates took a leave of absence from Harvard to work with him at MITS in November 1975. Allen named their partnership "Micro-Soft", a combination of "microcomputer" and "software", and their first office was in Albuquerque. The first employee Gates and Allen hired was their high school collaborator <a href="/wiki/Ric_Weiland" title="Ric Weiland">Ric Weiland</a>.<a href="#cite_note-thocp1-38">[36]</a> They dropped the hyphen within a year and officially registered the trade name "<a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a>" with the Secretary of the State of New Mexico on November 26, 1976.<a href="#cite_note-thocp1-38">[36]</a> Gates never returned to Harvard to complete his studies. Microsoft's Altair BASIC was popular with computer hobbyists, but Gates discovered that a pre-market copy had leaked out and was being widely copied and distributed. In February 1976, he wrote <a href="/wiki/An_Open_Letter_to_Hobbyists" title="An Open Letter to Hobbyists">An Open Letter to Hobbyists</a> in the MITS newsletter in which he asserted that more than 90% of the users of Microsoft Altair BASIC had not paid Microsoft for it and the Altair "hobby market" was in danger of eliminating the incentive for any professional developers to produce, distribute, and maintain high-quality software.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEManes199481-39">[37]</a> This letter was unpopular with many computer hobbyists, but Gates persisted in his belief that software developers should be able to demand payment. Microsoft became independent of MITS in late 1976, and it continued to develop programming language software for various systems.<a href="#cite_note-thocp1-38">[36]</a> The company moved from Albuquerque to <a href="/wiki/Bellevue,_Washington" title="Bellevue, Washington">Bellevue, Washington</a> on January 1, 1979.<a href="#cite_note-keyevents-37">[35]</a> Gates said he personally reviewed and often rewrote every line of code that the company produced in its first five years. As the company grew, he transitioned into a manager role, then an executive.<a href="#cite_note-waterloo-40">[38]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="IBM_partnership">IBM partnership</h3></div> <a href="/wiki/IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a>, the leading supplier of computer equipment to commercial enterprises at the time, approached Microsoft in July 1980 concerning software for its upcoming personal computer, the <a href="/wiki/IBM_PC" class="mw-redirect" title="IBM PC">IBM PC</a>,<a href="#cite_note-bunnell1982febmar-41">[39]</a> after Gates's mother mentioned Microsoft to <a href="/wiki/John_Opel" class="mw-redirect" title="John Opel">John Opel</a>, IBM's then <a href="/wiki/CEO" class="mw-redirect" title="CEO">CEO</a>.<a href="#cite_note-mary-maxwell-gates-obit-6">[4]</a> IBM first proposed that Microsoft write the BASIC interpreter. IBM's representatives also mentioned that they needed an operating system, and Gates referred them to <a href="/wiki/Digital_Research" title="Digital Research">Digital Research</a> (DRI), makers of the widely used <a href="/wiki/CP/M" title="CP/M">CP/M</a> operating system.<a href="#cite_note-42">[40]</a> IBM's discussions with Digital Research went poorly and they did not reach a licensing agreement. IBM representative Jack Sams mentioned the licensing difficulties during a subsequent meeting with Gates and asked if Microsoft could provide an operating system. A few weeks later, Gates and Allen proposed using <a href="/wiki/86-DOS" title="86-DOS">86-DOS</a>, an operating system similar to CP/M, that <a href="/wiki/Tim_Paterson" title="Tim Paterson">Tim Paterson</a> of <a href="/wiki/Seattle_Computer_Products" title="Seattle Computer Products">Seattle Computer Products</a> (SCP) had made for hardware similar to the PC.<a href="#cite_note-43">[41]</a> Microsoft made a deal with SCP to be the exclusive licensing agent of 86-DOS, and later the full owner. Microsoft employed Paterson to adapt the operating system for the PC<a href="#cite_note-44">[42]</a> and delivered it to IBM as <a href="/wiki/PC_DOS" class="mw-redirect" title="PC DOS">PC DOS</a> for a one-time fee of $50,000.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGates199654-45">[43]</a> The contract itself only earned Microsoft a relatively small fee. It was the prestige brought to Microsoft by IBM's adoption of their operating system that would be the origin of Microsoft's transformation from a small business to the leading software company in the world. Gates had not offered to transfer the copyright on the operating system to IBM because he believed that other personal computer makers would clone IBM's PC hardware.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGates199654-45">[43]</a> They did, making the IBM-compatible PC, running DOS, a de facto standard. The sales of <a href="/wiki/MS-DOS" title="MS-DOS">MS-DOS</a> (the version of DOS sold to customers other than IBM) made Microsoft a major player in the industry.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEManes1994193-46">[44]</a> The press quickly identified Microsoft as being very influential on the IBM PC. <a href="/wiki/PC_Magazine" class="mw-redirect" title="PC Magazine">PC Magazine</a> asked if Gates was "the man behind the machine?".<a href="#cite_note-bunnell1982febmar-41">[39]</a> Gates oversaw Microsoft's company restructuring on June 25, 1981, which re-incorporated the company in Washington state and made Gates the president and chairman of the board, with Paul Allen as vice president and vice chairman. In early 1983, Allen left the company after receiving a <a href="/wiki/Hodgkin_lymphoma" title="Hodgkin lymphoma">Hodgkin lymphoma</a> diagnosis, effectively ending the formal business partnership between Gates and Allen, which had been strained months prior due to a contentious dispute over Microsoft equity.<a href="#cite_note-keyevents-37">[35]</a><a href="#cite_note-before_microsoft-47">[45]</a> Later in the decade, Gates repaired his relationship with Allen and together the two donated millions to their childhood school Lakeside.<a href="#cite_note-leibovich20001231-9">[7]</a> They remained friends until Allen's death in October 2018.<a href="#cite_note-Gates_Mourns_Allen-48">[46]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Windows">Windows</h3></div> Microsoft and Gates launched their first retail version of <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Windows" title="Microsoft Windows">Microsoft Windows</a> on November 20, 1985, in an attempt to fend off competition from <a href="/wiki/Apple_Inc." title="Apple Inc.">Apple</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Classic_Mac_OS" title="Classic Mac OS">Macintosh</a> <a href="/wiki/GUI" class="mw-redirect" title="GUI">GUI</a>, which had captivated consumers with its simplicity and ease of use.<a href="#cite_note-ahmwbi-49">[47]</a> In August 1986, the company struck a deal with <a href="/wiki/IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a> to develop a separate operating system called <a href="/wiki/OS/2" title="OS/2">OS/2</a>. Although the two companies successfully developed the first version of the new system, the partnership deteriorated due to mounting creative differences.<a href="#cite_note-50">[48]</a> The operating system <a href="/wiki/Windows_9x#Windows_prior_to_95" title="Windows 9x">grew out of DOS</a> in an organic fashion over a decade until <a href="/wiki/Windows_95" title="Windows 95">Windows 95</a>, which hid the DOS prompt by default. <a href="/wiki/Windows_XP" title="Windows XP">Windows XP</a> was released one year after Gates stepped down as Microsoft CEO.<a href="#cite_note-cnettop-51">[49]</a> <a href="/wiki/Windows_8.1" title="Windows 8.1">Windows 8.1</a> was the last version of the OS released before Gates left the chair of the firm to <a href="/wiki/John_W._Thompson" title="John W. Thompson">John W. Thompson</a> on February 5, 2014.<a href="#cite_note-chairex-52">[50]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Management_style">Management style</h3></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bill_Gates_-_World_Economic_Forum_Annual_Meeting_Davos_2008.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Bill_Gates_-_World_Economic_Forum_Annual_Meeting_Davos_2008.jpg/187px-Bill_Gates_-_World_Economic_Forum_Annual_Meeting_Davos_2008.jpg" decoding="async" width="187" height="280" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Bill_Gates_-_World_Economic_Forum_Annual_Meeting_Davos_2008.jpg/280px-Bill_Gates_-_World_Economic_Forum_Annual_Meeting_Davos_2008.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Bill_Gates_-_World_Economic_Forum_Annual_Meeting_Davos_2008.jpg/373px-Bill_Gates_-_World_Economic_Forum_Annual_Meeting_Davos_2008.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2731" data-file-height="4096" /></a><figcaption>Gates delivers a speech at the <a href="/wiki/World_Economic_Forum" title="World Economic Forum">World Economic Forum</a> in Switzerland, January 2008.</figcaption></figure> During Microsoft's early years, Gates was an active software developer, particularly in the company's programming language products, but his primary role in most of the company's history was as a manager and executive. He has not officially been on a development team since working on the <a href="/wiki/TRS-80_Model_100" title="TRS-80 Model 100">TRS-80 Model 100</a>,<a href="#cite_note-allison1993-53">[51]</a> but he wrote code that shipped with the company's products as late as 1989.<a href="#cite_note-pdc97-54">[52]</a> <a href="/wiki/Jerry_Pournelle" title="Jerry Pournelle">Jerry Pournelle</a> wrote in 1985 when Gates announced <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Excel" title="Microsoft Excel">Microsoft Excel</a>: "Bill Gates likes the program, not because it's going to make him a lot of money (although I'm sure it will do that), but because it's a <a href="/wiki/Hack_(programmer_subculture)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hack (programmer subculture)">neat hack</a>."<a href="#cite_note-pournelle198509-55">[53]</a> During the late 1990s, he was <a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_Microsoft" title="Criticism of Microsoft">criticized for his business tactics</a>, which were considered <a href="/wiki/Anti-competitive" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-competitive">anti-competitive</a>. This opinion has been upheld by numerous court rulings.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELesinski200696Manes1994459-56">[54]</a> In June 2006, Gates announced that he would transition out of his role at Microsoft to dedicate more time to philanthropy. He gradually divided his responsibilities between two successors when he placed <a href="/wiki/Ray_Ozzie" title="Ray Ozzie">Ray Ozzie</a> in charge of management and <a href="/wiki/Craig_Mundie" title="Craig Mundie">Craig Mundie</a> in charge of long-term product strategy.<a href="#cite_note-mscorpnews-57">[55]</a> The process took two years to fully transfer his duties to Ozzie and Mundie, and was completed on June 27, 2008.<a href="#cite_note-58">[56]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Post-Microsoft">Post-Microsoft</h2></div> Since leaving day-to-day operations at Microsoft, Gates has continued his philanthropy and works on other projects. He stepped down as chairman of Microsoft in February 2014 to become technology advisor at the firm to support newly appointed CEO <a href="/wiki/Satya_Nadella" title="Satya Nadella">Satya Nadella</a>.<a href="#cite_note-The_Verge-59">[57]</a><a href="#cite_note-60">[58]</a> Gates provided his perspective on a range of issues in an interview that was published in the March 2014 issue of <a href="/wiki/Rolling_Stone" title="Rolling Stone">Rolling Stone</a> magazine. In the interview, he provided his perspective on climate change, his charitable activities, various tech companies and people involved in them, and the state of America. In response to a question about his greatest fear when he looks 50 years into the future, Gates stated: "there'll be some really bad things that'll happen in the next 50 or 100 years, but hopefully none of them on the scale of, say, a million people that you didn't expect to die from a <a href="/wiki/Pandemic" title="Pandemic">pandemic</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_weapon" title="Nuclear weapon">nuclear</a> or <a href="/wiki/Bioterrorism" title="Bioterrorism">bioterrorism</a>." Gates also identified innovation as the "real driver of progress" and pronounced that "America's way better today than it's ever been."<a href="#cite_note-61">[59]</a> Gates has often expressed concern about the potential harms of <a href="/wiki/Superintelligence" title="Superintelligence">superintelligence</a>; in a <a href="/wiki/Reddit" title="Reddit">Reddit</a> "ask me anything", he stated that: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote">First the machines will do a lot of jobs for us and not be super intelligent. That should be positive if we manage it well. A few decades after that though the intelligence is strong enough to be a concern. I agree with <a href="/wiki/Elon_Musk" title="Elon Musk">Elon Musk</a> and some others on this and don't understand why some people are not concerned.<a href="#cite_note-62">[60]</a><a href="#cite_note-63">[61]</a><a href="#cite_note-64">[62]</a><a href="#cite_note-65">[63]</a></blockquote> In an interview that was held at the <a href="/wiki/TED_(conference)" title="TED (conference)">TED conference</a> in March 2015, with <a href="/wiki/Baidu" title="Baidu">Baidu</a> co-founder and CEO, <a href="/wiki/Robin_Li" title="Robin Li">Robin Li</a>, Gates said he would "highly recommend" <a href="/wiki/Nick_Bostrom" title="Nick Bostrom">Nick Bostrom</a>'s recent work, <a href="/wiki/Superintelligence:_Paths,_Dangers,_Strategies" title="Superintelligence: Paths, Dangers, Strategies">Superintelligence: Paths, Dangers, Strategies</a>.<a href="#cite_note-66">[64]</a> During the conference, Gates warned that the world was not prepared for the next pandemic, a situation that would come to pass in late 2019 when the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic</a> began.<a href="#cite_note-67">[65]</a> In March 2018, Gates met at his home in Seattle with <a href="/wiki/Mohammed_bin_Salman" title="Mohammed bin Salman">Mohammed bin Salman</a>, the crown prince and de facto ruler of <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a> to discuss investment opportunities for <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Vision_2030" title="Saudi Vision 2030">Saudi Vision 2030</a>.<a href="#cite_note-68">[66]</a><a href="#cite_note-69">[67]</a> In June 2019, Gates admitted that losing the <a href="/wiki/Mobile_operating_system" title="Mobile operating system">mobile operating system</a> race to <a href="/wiki/Android_(operating_system)" title="Android (operating system)">Android</a> was his biggest mistake. He stated that it was within their <a href="/wiki/Skill_set" class="mw-redirect" title="Skill set">skill set</a> of being the dominant player, but partially blames the <a href="/wiki/Antitrust_case" class="mw-redirect" title="Antitrust case">antitrust</a> litigation during the time.<a href="#cite_note-70">[68]</a> That same year, Gates became an advisory board member of the <a href="/wiki/Bloomberg_L.P.#Bloomberg_New_Economy_Forum" title="Bloomberg L.P.">Bloomberg New Economy Forum</a>.<a href="#cite_note-71">[69]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Foreign_Secretary_David_Cameron_attends_COP28_(53376969086).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Foreign_Secretary_David_Cameron_attends_COP28_%2853376969086%29.jpg/220px-Foreign_Secretary_David_Cameron_attends_COP28_%2853376969086%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Foreign_Secretary_David_Cameron_attends_COP28_%2853376969086%29.jpg/330px-Foreign_Secretary_David_Cameron_attends_COP28_%2853376969086%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Foreign_Secretary_David_Cameron_attends_COP28_%2853376969086%29.jpg/440px-Foreign_Secretary_David_Cameron_attends_COP28_%2853376969086%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6616" data-file-height="4411" /></a><figcaption>Gates and UK Foreign Secretary <a href="/wiki/David_Cameron" title="David Cameron">David Cameron</a> at <a href="/wiki/2023_United_Nations_Climate_Change_Conference" title="2023 United Nations Climate Change Conference">COP28</a> in Dubai on December 1, 2023</figcaption></figure> In March 2020, Microsoft announced Gates would be leaving his board positions at Berkshire Hathaway and Microsoft to dedicate himself to philanthropic endeavors such as climate change, global health and development, and education.<a href="#cite_note-72">[70]</a> <a href="/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal" title="The Wall Street Journal">The Wall Street Journal</a> reported in May 2021 that Gates stepped down before Microsoft's board finished its investigation into Gates's alleged inappropriate sexual relationship with a Microsoft employee, which an external law firm had begun probing in late 2019.<a href="#cite_note-73">[71]</a> During the COVID-19 pandemic, Gates has widely been looked at by media outlets as an expert on the issue, despite him not being a <a href="/wiki/Official" title="Official">public official</a> or having any prior <a href="/wiki/Medical_education" title="Medical education">medical training</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Schwab-2020-74">[72]</a> His foundation did, however, establish the COVID-19 Therapeutics Accelerator in 2020 to hasten the development and evaluation of new and repurposed drugs and biologics to treat patients for <a href="/wiki/COVID-19" title="COVID-19">COVID-19</a>,<a href="#cite_note-75">[73]</a> and, as of February 2021, Gates expressed that he and <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Fauci" title="Anthony Fauci">Anthony Fauci</a> frequently talk and collaborate on matters including vaccines and other medical innovations to fight the pandemic.<a href="#cite_note-76">[74]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Business_ventures_and_investments">Business ventures and investments</h3></div> Gates has a multi-billion dollar investment portfolio with stakes in companies in multiple sectors and has participated in several entrepreneurial ventures beyond Microsoft, including: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AutoNation" title="AutoNation">AutoNation</a>, an automotive retailer which trades on the <a href="/wiki/NYSE" class="mw-redirect" title="NYSE">NYSE</a> and in which Gates has a 16% stake.<a href="#cite_note-77">[75]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BgC3" class="mw-redirect" title="BgC3">bgC3</a> LLC, a think-tank and research company founded by Gates.<a href="#cite_note-78">[76]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_National_Railway" title="Canadian National Railway">Canadian National Railway (CN)</a>, a Canadian <a href="/wiki/Class_I_railroad" class="mw-redirect" title="Class I railroad">Class I freight railway</a>. As of 2019, Gates is the single largest shareholder of the company.<a href="#cite_note-CBC-79">[77]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cascade_Investment" title="Cascade Investment">Cascade Investment</a> LLC, a private investment and holding company incorporated in the United States, founded and controlled by Gates and headquartered in <a href="/wiki/Kirkland,_Washington" title="Kirkland, Washington">Kirkland, Washington</a>.<a href="#cite_note-80">[78]</a> <ul><li>Gates is the largest private owner of farmland in the United States with his landholdings owned through Cascade Investment totalling 242,000 acres across 19 states.<a href="#cite_note-bglr-81">[79]</a><a href="#cite_note-nebg-82">[80]</a> He is the 49th largest private owner of land in the US.<a href="#cite_note-hwbg-83">[81]</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carbon_Engineering" title="Carbon Engineering">Carbon Engineering</a>, a for-profit venture founded by <a href="/wiki/David_Keith_(scientist)" class="mw-redirect" title="David Keith (scientist)">David Keith</a>, which Gates helped fund.<a href="#cite_note-thts-84">[82]</a><a href="#cite_note-aenyt-85">[83]</a><a href="#cite_note-guntherguardian-86">[84]</a> It is also supported by <a href="/wiki/Chevron_Corporation" title="Chevron Corporation">Chevron Corporation</a> and <a href="/wiki/Occidental_Petroleum" title="Occidental Petroleum">Occidental Petroleum</a>.<a href="#cite_note-kbcnbc-87">[85]</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SCoPEx" class="mw-redirect" title="SCoPEx">SCoPEx</a>, Keith's academic venture in "sun-dimming" <a href="/wiki/Geoengineering" class="mw-redirect" title="Geoengineering">geoengineering</a>, which Gates provided most of the $12 million for.<a href="#cite_note-tollefson18-88">[86]</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Branded_Entertainment_Network" class="mw-redirect" title="Branded Entertainment Network">Corbis</a> (originally named Interactive Home Systems and now known as Branded Entertainment Network), a digital image licensing and rights services company founded and chaired by Gates.<a href="#cite_note-89">[87]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EarthNow" title="EarthNow">EarthNow</a>, a Seattle-based startup company aiming to blanket the Earth with live satellite video coverage. Gates is a large financial backer.<a href="#cite_note-90">[88]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eclipse_Aviation" title="Eclipse Aviation">Eclipse Aviation</a>, a defunct manufacturer of <a href="/wiki/Very_light_jet" title="Very light jet">very light jets</a>. Gates was a major stake-holder early on in the project.<a href="#cite_note-Aviation.com15Jan08-91">[89]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impossible_Foods" title="Impossible Foods">Impossible Foods</a>, a company that develops <a href="/wiki/Meat_analogue" class="mw-redirect" title="Meat analogue">plant-based substitutes</a> for meat products. Some of the $396 million <a href="/wiki/Patrick_O._Brown" title="Patrick O. Brown">Patrick O. Brown</a> collected for his business came from Gates around 2014 to 2017.<a href="#cite_note-kgcnbc-92">[90]</a><a href="#cite_note-ssnyt-93">[91]</a><a href="#cite_note-bmbh-94">[92]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecolab" title="Ecolab">Ecolab</a>, a global provider of water, hygiene and energy technologies and services to the food, energy, healthcare, industrial and hospitality markets. Combined with the shares owned by the Foundation, Gates owns 11.6% of the company. A shareholder agreement in 2012 allowed him to own up to 25% of the company, but this agreement was removed.<a href="#cite_note-95">[93]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ResearchGate" title="ResearchGate">ResearchGate</a>, a social networking site for scientists. Gates participated in a $35 million round of financing along with other investors.<a href="#cite_note-96">[94]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TerraPower" title="TerraPower">TerraPower</a>, a nuclear reactor design company co-founded and chaired by Gates, which is developing next generation <a href="/wiki/Traveling_wave_reactor" title="Traveling wave reactor">traveling-wave reactor</a> <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_power_plant" title="Nuclear power plant">nuclear power plants</a> in an effort to tackle <a href="/wiki/Climate_change" title="Climate change">climate change</a>.<a href="#cite_note-97">[95]</a><a href="#cite_note-98">[96]</a><a href="#cite_note-99">[97]</a><a href="#cite_note-100">[98]</a><a href="#cite_note-101">[99]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breakthrough_Energy_Ventures" class="mw-redirect" title="Breakthrough Energy Ventures">Breakthrough Energy Ventures</a>, a closed fund for wealthy individuals who seek <a href="/wiki/Return_on_investment" title="Return on investment">ROI</a> on a 20-year horizon (see <a href="#Climate_change_and_energy">next section</a>), which "is funding green start-ups and a host of other low-carbon entrepreneurial projects, including everything from advanced <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_technology" title="Nuclear technology">nuclear technology</a> to synthetic <a href="/wiki/Breast_milk" title="Breast milk">breast milk</a>." It was founded by Gates in 2015.<a href="#cite_note-katnr-102">[100]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ginkgo_Bioworks" title="Ginkgo Bioworks">Ginkgo Bioworks</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Biotechnology" title="Biotechnology">biotech</a> startup that received $350 million in venture funding in 2019, in part from Gates's investment firm Cascade Investment.<a href="#cite_note-Reuters_2019-10-09-103">[101]</a></li> <li>Luminous Computing, a company that develops <a href="/wiki/Neuromorphic" class="mw-redirect" title="Neuromorphic">neuromorphic</a> <a href="/wiki/Photonic_integrated_circuits" class="mw-redirect" title="Photonic integrated circuits">photonic integrated circuits</a> for <a href="/wiki/AI" class="mw-redirect" title="AI">AI</a> acceleration.</li> <li>Mologic, a British diagnostic technology company that Gates purchased, along with the <a href="/wiki/Soros_Economic_Development_Fund" class="mw-redirect" title="Soros Economic Development Fund">Soros Economic Development Fund</a>, "which has developed 10-minute Covid <a href="/wiki/Lateral_flow_test" title="Lateral flow test">lateral flow tests</a> that it aims to make for as little as $1".<a href="#cite_note-mfdt-104">[102]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Climate_change_and_energy">Climate change and energy</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Prime_Minister,_Shri_Narendra_Modi_meeting_with_Mr._Bill_Gates,_in_Glasgow,_Scotland_on_November_02,_2021_(2).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/The_Prime_Minister%2C_Shri_Narendra_Modi_meeting_with_Mr._Bill_Gates%2C_in_Glasgow%2C_Scotland_on_November_02%2C_2021_%282%29.jpg/250px-The_Prime_Minister%2C_Shri_Narendra_Modi_meeting_with_Mr._Bill_Gates%2C_in_Glasgow%2C_Scotland_on_November_02%2C_2021_%282%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/The_Prime_Minister%2C_Shri_Narendra_Modi_meeting_with_Mr._Bill_Gates%2C_in_Glasgow%2C_Scotland_on_November_02%2C_2021_%282%29.jpg/330px-The_Prime_Minister%2C_Shri_Narendra_Modi_meeting_with_Mr._Bill_Gates%2C_in_Glasgow%2C_Scotland_on_November_02%2C_2021_%282%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/The_Prime_Minister%2C_Shri_Narendra_Modi_meeting_with_Mr._Bill_Gates%2C_in_Glasgow%2C_Scotland_on_November_02%2C_2021_%282%29.jpg/500px-The_Prime_Minister%2C_Shri_Narendra_Modi_meeting_with_Mr._Bill_Gates%2C_in_Glasgow%2C_Scotland_on_November_02%2C_2021_%282%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2200" data-file-height="1280" /></a><figcaption>With Indian Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Narendra_Modi" title="Narendra Modi">Narendra Modi</a> at the <a href="/wiki/2021_United_Nations_Climate_Change_Conference" title="2021 United Nations Climate Change Conference">COP26 climate summit</a> in Glasgow in November 2021</figcaption></figure> Gates considers <a href="/wiki/Climate_change" title="Climate change">climate change</a> and <a href="/wiki/Energy_access" class="mw-redirect" title="Energy access">global access to energy</a> to be critical, interrelated issues. He has urged governments and the private sector to invest in research and development to make clean, reliable energy cheaper. Gates envisions that a breakthrough innovation in <a href="/wiki/Sustainable_energy" title="Sustainable energy">sustainable energy</a> technology could drive down both greenhouse gas emissions and poverty, and bring economic benefits by stabilizing energy prices.<a href="#cite_note-Wattles-2015-105">[103]</a> In 2011, he said: "If you gave me the choice between picking the next 10 presidents or ensuring that energy is environmentally friendly and a quarter as costly, I'd pick the energy thing."<a href="#cite_note-Wired_2011-106">[104]</a> In 2015, he wrote about the challenge of transitioning the world's energy system from one based primarily on fossil fuels to one based on sustainable energy sources. Global <a href="/wiki/Energy_transitions" class="mw-redirect" title="Energy transitions">energy transitions</a> have historically taken decades. He wrote, "I believe we can make this transition faster, both because the pace of innovation is accelerating, and because we have never had such an urgent reason to move from one source of energy to another."<a href="#cite_note-107">[105]</a> This rapid transition, according to Gates, would depend on increased government funding for basic research and financially risky private-sector investment, to enable innovation in diverse areas such as <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_power" title="Nuclear power">nuclear energy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grid_energy_storage" title="Grid energy storage">grid energy storage</a> to facilitate greater use of solar and wind energy, and <a href="/wiki/Solar_fuels" class="mw-redirect" title="Solar fuels">solar fuels</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Thornhill-2015-108">[106]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ursula_von_der_Leyen_attends_the_2021_UN_Climate_Change_Conference_(41).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Ursula_von_der_Leyen_attends_the_2021_UN_Climate_Change_Conference_%2841%29.jpg/220px-Ursula_von_der_Leyen_attends_the_2021_UN_Climate_Change_Conference_%2841%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Ursula_von_der_Leyen_attends_the_2021_UN_Climate_Change_Conference_%2841%29.jpg/330px-Ursula_von_der_Leyen_attends_the_2021_UN_Climate_Change_Conference_%2841%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Ursula_von_der_Leyen_attends_the_2021_UN_Climate_Change_Conference_%2841%29.jpg/440px-Ursula_von_der_Leyen_attends_the_2021_UN_Climate_Change_Conference_%2841%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="2667" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/European_Commission" title="European Commission">European Commission</a>, <a href="/wiki/European_Investment_Bank" title="European Investment Bank">European Investment Bank</a> and Gates' <a href="/wiki/Breakthrough_Energy" title="Breakthrough Energy">Breakthrough Energy Catalyst</a> agreed at the 2021 <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Climate_Change_conference" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations Climate Change conference">UN Climate Change conference</a> to work together to bring green technologies to market.</figcaption></figure> Gates spearheaded two initiatives that he announced at the <a href="/wiki/2015_United_Nations_Climate_Change_Conference" title="2015 United Nations Climate Change Conference">2015 United Nations Climate Change Conference</a> in Paris. One was <a href="/wiki/Mission_Innovation" title="Mission Innovation">Mission Innovation</a>, in which 20 national governments pledged to double their spending on research and development for carbon-free energy in over five years' time.<a href="#cite_note-Wattles-2015-105">[103]</a> Another initiative was <a href="/wiki/Breakthrough_Energy" title="Breakthrough Energy">Breakthrough Energy</a>, a group of investors who agreed to fund high-risk startups in clean energy technologies. Gates, who had already invested $1 billion of his own money in innovative energy startups, committed a further $1 billion to Breakthrough Energy.<a href="#cite_note-Thornhill-2015-108">[106]</a> In December 2020, he called for the U.S. federal government to create institutes for clean energy research, analogous to the <a href="/wiki/National_Institutes_of_Health" title="National Institutes of Health">National Institutes of Health</a>.<a href="#cite_note-109">[107]</a> Gates has also urged rich nations to shift to 100% <a href="/wiki/Synthetic_beef" class="mw-redirect" title="Synthetic beef">synthetic beef</a> industries to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from food production.<a href="#cite_note-vlredef-110">[108]</a> Gates has been criticized for holding a large stake in <a href="/wiki/Signature_Aviation" title="Signature Aviation">Signature Aviation</a>, a company that services emissions-intensive private jets.<a href="#cite_note-111">[109]</a> In 2019, he began to <a href="/wiki/Fossil_fuel_divestment" title="Fossil fuel divestment">divest from fossil fuels</a>. He does not expect divestment itself to have much practical impact, but says that if his efforts to provide alternatives were to fail, he would not want to personally benefit from an increase in fossil fuel stock prices.<a href="#cite_note-112">[110]</a> After he published his book <a href="/wiki/How_to_Avoid_a_Climate_Disaster" title="How to Avoid a Climate Disaster">How to Avoid a Climate Disaster</a>, parts of the climate activist community criticized Gates's approach as <a href="/wiki/Technological_solutionism" class="mw-redirect" title="Technological solutionism">technological solutionism</a>.<a href="#cite_note-113">[111]</a> In 2022, educational streamer <a href="/wiki/Wondrium" class="mw-redirect" title="Wondrium">Wondrium</a> produced the series "Solving for Zero: The Search for Climate Innovation" inspired by the book.<a href="#cite_note-114">[112]</a> In June 2021, Gates's company <a href="/wiki/TerraPower" title="TerraPower">TerraPower</a> and <a href="/wiki/Warren_Buffett" title="Warren Buffett">Warren Buffett</a>'s <a href="/wiki/PacifiCorp" title="PacifiCorp">PacifiCorp</a> announced the first <a href="/wiki/Sodium" title="Sodium">sodium</a> nuclear reactor in <a href="/wiki/Wyoming" title="Wyoming">Wyoming</a>. Wyoming Governor <a href="/wiki/Mark_Gordon_(politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mark Gordon (politician)">Mike Gordon</a> hailed the project as a step toward carbon-negative nuclear power. Wyoming Senator <a href="/wiki/John_Barrasso" title="John Barrasso">John Barrasso</a> also said that it could boost the state's once-active uranium mining industry.<a href="#cite_note-115">[113]</a> Gates supported the passage of the <a href="/wiki/Inflation_Reduction_Act_of_2022" class="mw-redirect" title="Inflation Reduction Act of 2022">Inflation Reduction Act of 2022</a>. He tried to convince <a href="/wiki/Joe_Manchin" title="Joe Manchin">Joe Manchin</a> to support a climate bill starting in 2019, and especially in the months leading up to the adoption of the bill. The bill aimed to cut the global greenhouse gas emissions in a level similar to "eliminating the annual planet-warming pollution of France and Germany combined" and may help to limit the warming of the planet to 1.5 degrees – the target of the <a href="/wiki/Paris_Agreement" title="Paris Agreement">Paris Agreement</a>.<a href="#cite_note-116">[114]</a> He thanked both Joe Manchin and <a href="/wiki/Chuck_Schumer" title="Chuck Schumer">Chuck Schumer</a> for their efforts in a guest essay in <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>, where he said "Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 may be the single most important piece of climate legislation in American history" given its potential to spur development of new technologies.<a href="#cite_note-117">[115]</a> Gates gave further insights on climate change in his commencement address at <a href="/wiki/Northern_Arizona_University" title="Northern Arizona University">Northern Arizona University</a> on May 6, 2023, where he was bestowed an honorary doctorate.<a href="#cite_note-118">[116]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Political_positions">Political positions</h2></div> In October 2024, The New York Times reported Gates had recently donated $50 million to Future Forward USA Action, a <a href="/wiki/501(c)_organization" title="501(c) organization">501(c)(4)</a> organization supporting <a href="/wiki/Kamala_Harris_2024_presidential_campaign" title="Kamala Harris 2024 presidential campaign">Kamala Harris's 2024 presidential campaign</a>. In response to the report, he did not explicitly address the donation or endorse Harris, but said "this election is different."<a href="#cite_note-119">[117]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Regulation_of_the_software_industry">Regulation of the software industry</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Antitrust_litigation">Bill Gates § Antitrust litigation</a>, and <a href="/wiki/United_States_v._Microsoft_Corp." title="United States v. Microsoft Corp.">United States v. Microsoft Corp.</a></div> In 1998, Gates rejected the need for regulation of the software industry in testimony before the United States Senate.<a href="#cite_note-mzyf-120">[118]</a> During the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Trade_Commission" title="Federal Trade Commission">Federal Trade Commission</a>'s (FTC) investigation of Microsoft in the 1990s, Gates was reportedly upset at then Commissioner <a href="/wiki/Dennis_Yao" title="Dennis Yao">Dennis Yao</a> for "float[ing] a line of hypothetical questions suggesting possible curbs on Microsoft's growing monopoly power". According to one source: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712" /><blockquote class="templatequote">Gates was vexed. "He started by calling Yao's ideas socialistic," recalls a source familiar with the July 15 meeting, "and as he got angrier and angrier and louder and louder, he got into calling them Communistic."<a href="#cite_note-121">[119]</a></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Donald_Trump_Facebook_ban">Donald Trump Facebook ban</h3></div> After <a href="/wiki/Facebook" title="Facebook">Facebook</a> and <a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a> had banned <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> from their platforms on February 18, 2021, as a result of the <a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_presidential_election" title="2020 United States presidential election">2020 United States presidential election</a> which led to the <a href="/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack" title="January 6 United States Capitol attack">January 6 United States Capitol attack</a>, Gates said a permanent ban of Trump "would be a shame" and would be an "extreme measure". He warned that it would cause "polarization" if users with different political views divide up among various social networks, and said: "I don't think banning somebody who actually did get a fair number of votes (in the presidential election) – well less than a majority – but I don't think having him off forever would be that good."<a href="#cite_note-mzyf-120">[118]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Patents_for_COVID-19_vaccines">Patents for COVID-19 vaccines</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/TRIPS_Agreement_waiver" title="TRIPS Agreement waiver">TRIPS Agreement waiver</a></div> In April 2021, during the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic</a>, Gates was criticized for suggesting that pharmaceutical companies should hold onto patents for <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccines" class="mw-redirect" title="COVID-19 vaccines">COVID-19 vaccines</a>. The criticism came due to the possibility of this preventing poorer nations from obtaining adequate vaccines. Tara Van Ho of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Essex" title="University of Essex">University of Essex</a> stated, "Gates speaks as if all the lives being lost in India are inevitable but eventually the West will help when in reality the US & UK are holding their feet on the neck of developing states by refusing to break [intellectual property rights] protections. It's disgusting."<a href="#cite_note-122">[120]</a> Gates is opposed to the <a href="/wiki/TRIPS_waiver" class="mw-redirect" title="TRIPS waiver">TRIPS waiver</a>.<a href="#cite_note-observer-123">[121]</a><a href="#cite_note-apartheid-124">[122]</a><a href="#cite_note-colonialism-125">[123]</a> <a href="/wiki/Bloomberg_News" title="Bloomberg News">Bloomberg News</a> reported him as saying he argued that Oxford University should not give away the rights to its COVID-19 information, as it had announced, but instead sell it to a single industry partner, as it did.<a href="#cite_note-oxford_pledge-126">[124]</a> His views on the value of <a href="/wiki/Government-granted_monopoly" title="Government-granted monopoly">legal monopolies</a> in medicine have been linked to his views on legal monopolies in software.<a href="#cite_note-apartheid-124">[122]</a><a href="#cite_note-colonialism-125">[123]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cryptocurrencies">Cryptocurrencies</h3></div> Gates has been critical of <a href="/wiki/Cryptocurrency" title="Cryptocurrency">cryptocurrencies</a> like <a href="/wiki/Bitcoin" title="Bitcoin">Bitcoin</a>. According to him, cryptocurrencies provide no "valuable output", contribute nothing to society, and pose a danger especially for smaller investors who could not survive the potentially high losses. Gates also does not own any cryptocurrencies himself.<a href="#cite_note-127">[125]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Philanthropy">Philanthropy</h2></div> In an interview with the <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a> in 2025, Gates stated that his charitable donations have totalled $100 billion, of which $60 billion have gone to the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.<a href="#cite_note-128">[126]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bill_&_Melinda_Gates_Foundation">Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Bill_%26_Melinda_Gates_Foundation" class="mw-redirect" title="Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation">Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Millennium_Development_Goals_-_World_Economic_Forum_Annual_Meeting_Davos_2008.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Millennium_Development_Goals_-_World_Economic_Forum_Annual_Meeting_Davos_2008.jpg/220px-Millennium_Development_Goals_-_World_Economic_Forum_Annual_Meeting_Davos_2008.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Millennium_Development_Goals_-_World_Economic_Forum_Annual_Meeting_Davos_2008.jpg/330px-Millennium_Development_Goals_-_World_Economic_Forum_Annual_Meeting_Davos_2008.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Millennium_Development_Goals_-_World_Economic_Forum_Annual_Meeting_Davos_2008.jpg/440px-Millennium_Development_Goals_-_World_Economic_Forum_Annual_Meeting_Davos_2008.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4096" data-file-height="2705" /></a><figcaption>Gates with <a href="/wiki/Bono" title="Bono">Bono</a>, <a href="/wiki/Queen_Rania_of_Jordan" title="Queen Rania of Jordan">Queen Rania of Jordan</a>, former British Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Gordon_Brown" title="Gordon Brown">Gordon Brown</a>, then President of Nigeria <a href="/wiki/Umaru_Musa_Yar%27Adua" title="Umaru Musa Yar'Adua">Umaru Yar'Adua</a> and others during the Annual Meeting 2008 of the World Economic Forum</figcaption></figure> Gates studied the work of <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Carnegie" title="Andrew Carnegie">Andrew Carnegie</a> and <a href="/wiki/John_D._Rockefeller" title="John D. Rockefeller">John D. Rockefeller</a>, and donated some of his Microsoft stock in 1994 to create the "William H. Gates Foundation". In 2000, Gates and his wife combined three family foundations and donated stock valued at $5 billion to create the <a href="/wiki/Gates_Foundation" title="Gates Foundation">Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation</a>, which was identified by the Funds for NGOs company in 2013, as the world's largest charitable foundation, with assets reportedly valued at more than $34.6 billion.<a href="#cite_note-129">[127]</a><a href="#cite_note-130">[128]</a> The foundation allows benefactors to access information that shows how its money is being spent, unlike other major charitable organizations such as the <a href="/wiki/Wellcome_Trust" title="Wellcome Trust">Wellcome Trust</a>.<a href="#cite_note-131">[129]</a><a href="#cite_note-132">[130]</a> Gates, through his foundation, also donated $20 million to the <a href="/wiki/Carnegie_Mellon_University" title="Carnegie Mellon University">Carnegie Mellon University</a> for a new building to be named Gates Center for Computer Science which opened in 2009.<a href="#cite_note-133">[131]</a><a href="#cite_note-134">[132]</a> Gates has credited the generosity and extensive philanthropy of <a href="/wiki/David_Rockefeller" title="David Rockefeller">David Rockefeller</a> as a major influence. He and his father met with Rockefeller several times, and their charity work is partly modeled on the <a href="/wiki/Rockefeller_family" title="Rockefeller family">Rockefeller family</a>'s philanthropic focus, whereby they are interested in tackling the global problems that are ignored by governments and other organizations.<a href="#cite_note-bill_foundation-135">[133]</a> The foundation is organized into five program areas: Global Development Division, Global Health Division, United States Division, and Global Policy & Advocacy Division. Among others, it supports a wide range of public health projects, granting aid to fight transmissible diseases such <a href="/wiki/AIDS" class="mw-redirect" title="AIDS">AIDS</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tuberculosis" title="Tuberculosis">tuberculosis</a> and <a href="/wiki/Malaria" title="Malaria">malaria</a>, as well as widespread vaccine programs to eradicate <a href="/wiki/Polio" title="Polio">polio</a>. It grants funds to learning institutes and libraries and supports scholarships at universities. The foundation established a water, sanitation and hygiene program to provide sustainable sanitation services in poor countries.<a href="#cite_note-136">[134]</a> Its agriculture division supports the <a href="/wiki/International_Rice_Research_Institute" title="International Rice Research Institute">International Rice Research Institute</a> in developing <a href="/wiki/Golden_Rice" class="mw-redirect" title="Golden Rice">Golden Rice</a>, a genetically modified rice variant used to combat <a href="/wiki/Vitamin_A_deficiency" title="Vitamin A deficiency">vitamin A deficiency</a>.<a href="#cite_note-137">[135]</a> The foundation aims to provide women and girls in the developing world with information and support regarding contraception and, ultimately, universal access to consensual <a href="/wiki/Family_planning" title="Family planning">family planning</a>.<a href="#cite_note-138">[136]</a> In 2007, the <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a> criticized the foundation for investing its assets in companies that have been accused of worsening poverty, pollution and pharmaceutical firms that do not sell to <a href="/wiki/Developing_countries" class="mw-redirect" title="Developing countries">developing countries</a>.<a href="#cite_note-139">[137]</a> Although the foundation announced a review of its investments to assess social responsibility,<a href="#cite_note-140">[138]</a> it was subsequently canceled and upheld its policy of investing for maximum return, while using voting rights to influence company practices.<a href="#cite_note-141">[139]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bill_Gates_at_Singapore_FinTech_Festival_2020.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Bill_Gates_at_Singapore_FinTech_Festival_2020.jpg/250px-Bill_Gates_at_Singapore_FinTech_Festival_2020.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Bill_Gates_at_Singapore_FinTech_Festival_2020.jpg/330px-Bill_Gates_at_Singapore_FinTech_Festival_2020.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Bill_Gates_at_Singapore_FinTech_Festival_2020.jpg/500px-Bill_Gates_at_Singapore_FinTech_Festival_2020.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1152" /></a><figcaption>Gates in a fireside chat moderated by <a href="/wiki/Shereen_Bhan" title="Shereen Bhan">Shereen Bhan</a> virtually at the <a href="/wiki/Singapore_FinTech_Festival" title="Singapore FinTech Festival">Singapore FinTech Festival</a> 2020</figcaption></figure> Gates delivered his thoughts in a fireside chat moderated by journalist and news anchor <a href="/wiki/Shereen_Bhan" title="Shereen Bhan">Shereen Bhan</a> virtually at the <a href="/wiki/Singapore_FinTech_Festival" title="Singapore FinTech Festival">Singapore FinTech Festival</a> on December 8, 2020, on the topic, "Building Infrastructure for Resilience: What the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19</a> Response Can Teach Us About How to Scale Financial Inclusion".<a href="#cite_note-billgates-142">[140]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712" /><blockquote class="templatequote">Governments are there to think ahead to bad things that might happen. In the case of (the COVID-19) pandemic, not enough was done. We can't forget that another pandemic will come and we'll need to invest in being ready in that, ... while not forgetting that we were not prepared and we're going to have to invest – just like having a fire department – some money in an intelligent way and actually simulate what might happen and make sure that we're ready for it.<a href="#cite_note-billgates-142">[140]</a></blockquote> Gates favors the normalization of COVID-19 masks. In a November 2020 interview, he said: "What are these, like, nudists? I mean, you know, we ask you to wear pants, and no American says, or very few Americans say, that that's, like, some terrible thing."<a href="#cite_note-ammbg-143">[141]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Personal_donations">Personal donations</h3></div> Melinda Gates suggested that people should emulate the philanthropic efforts of the Salwen family, who sold their home and gave away half of its value, as detailed in their book, <a href="/wiki/The_Power_of_Half" title="The Power of Half">The Power of Half</a>.<a href="#cite_note-144">[142]</a> Gates and his wife invited Joan Salwen to Seattle to speak about what the family had done, and on December 9, 2010, Bill and Melinda Gates and investor <a href="/wiki/Warren_Buffett" title="Warren Buffett">Warren Buffett</a> each signed a commitment they called the "<a href="/wiki/Giving_Pledge" class="mw-redirect" title="Giving Pledge">Giving Pledge</a>", which is a commitment by all three to donate at least half of their wealth, over the course of time, to charity.<a href="#cite_note-145">[143]</a><a href="#cite_note-146">[144]</a><a href="#cite_note-147">[145]</a> The Foundation has received criticism, particularly over its role in <a href="/wiki/Common_Core" title="Common Core">Common Core</a>, with critics stating the support is "<a href="/wiki/Cronyism" title="Cronyism">cronyist</a>" in that it profits from the "federal, state, and local contracts."<a href="#cite_note-148">[146]</a><a href="#cite_note-149">[147]</a><a href="#cite_note-150">[148]</a><a href="#cite_note-151">[149]</a> Gates has also provided personal donations to educational institutions. In 1999, Gates donated $20 million to the <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Institute_of_Technology" title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">Massachusetts Institute of Technology</a> for the construction of a computer laboratory named the "William H. Gates Building" that was designed by architect <a href="/wiki/Frank_Gehry" title="Frank Gehry">Frank Gehry</a>. While Microsoft had previously given financial support to the institution, this was the first personal donation received from Gates.<a href="#cite_note-152">[150]</a> The Maxwell Dworkin Laboratory of the <a href="/wiki/Harvard_John_A._Paulson_School_of_Engineering_and_Applied_Sciences" title="Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences">Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences</a> is named after the mothers of both Gates and Microsoft President Steven A. Ballmer, both of whom were students (Ballmer was a member of the school's graduating class of 1977, while Gates left his studies for Microsoft), and donated funds for the laboratory's construction.<a href="#cite_note-153">[151]</a> Gates also donated $6 million to the construction of the Gates Computer Science Building, completed in January 1996, on the campus of <a href="/wiki/Stanford_University" title="Stanford University">Stanford University</a>. The building contains the Computer Science Department and the Computer Systems Laboratory (CSL) of Stanford's Engineering department.<a href="#cite_note-154">[152]</a> Since 2005, Gates and his foundation have taken an interest in solving global <a href="/wiki/Sanitation" title="Sanitation">sanitation</a> problems. For example, they announced the "Reinvent the Toilet Challenge", which has received considerable media interest.<a href="#cite_note-155">[153]</a> To raise awareness for the topic of sanitation and possible solutions, Gates drank water that was "produced from human feces" in 2014 – it was produced from a <a href="/wiki/Sewage_sludge_treatment" title="Sewage sludge treatment">sewage sludge treatment</a> process called the <a href="/wiki/Omni_Processor" class="mw-redirect" title="Omni Processor">Omni Processor</a>.<a href="#cite_note-156">[154]</a><a href="#cite_note-157">[155]</a> In early 2015, he also appeared with <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Fallon" title="Jimmy Fallon">Jimmy Fallon</a> on <a href="/wiki/The_Tonight_Show" title="The Tonight Show">The Tonight Show</a> and challenged him to see if he could taste the difference between this <a href="/wiki/Reclaimed_water" title="Reclaimed water">reclaimed water</a> or bottled water.<a href="#cite_note-158">[156]</a> In November 2017, Gates said he would give $50 million to the Dementia Discovery Fund, a venture capital fund that seeks treatment for <a href="/wiki/Alzheimer%27s_disease" title="Alzheimer's disease">Alzheimer's disease</a>. He also pledged an additional $50 million to start-up ventures working in Alzheimer's research.<a href="#cite_note-159">[157]</a> Bill and Melinda Gates have said that they intend to leave their three children $10 million each as their inheritance. With only $30 million kept in the family, they are expected to give away about 99.96% of their wealth.<a href="#cite_note-160">[158]</a> On August 25, 2018, Gates distributed $600,000 through his foundation via <a href="/wiki/UNICEF" title="UNICEF">UNICEF</a> which is helping flood affected victims in <a href="/wiki/Kerala" title="Kerala">Kerala</a>, India.<a href="#cite_note-161">[159]</a> In June 2018, Gates offered free <a href="/wiki/Ebook" title="Ebook">ebooks</a>, to all new graduates of U.S. colleges and universities,<a href="#cite_note-162">[160]</a> and in 2021, offered free ebooks, to all college and university students around the world.<a href="#cite_note-163">[161]</a><a href="#cite_note-164">[162]</a> The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation partially funds <a href="/wiki/OpenStax" title="OpenStax">OpenStax</a>, which creates and provides free digital textbooks.<a href="#cite_note-165">[163]</a> In July 2022 he reiterated the commitment he had made by starting <a href="/wiki/The_Giving_Pledge" title="The Giving Pledge">the Giving Pledge</a> campaign by announcing on his Twitter channel he planned to give 'virtually all' his wealth to charity and eventually 'move off of the list of the world's richest people.'<a href="#cite_note-166">[164]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Charity_sports_events">Charity sports events</h3></div> In April 2017, Gates partnered with Swiss tennis player <a href="/wiki/Roger_Federer" title="Roger Federer">Roger Federer</a> in playing in the <a href="/wiki/Match_for_Africa#Match_for_Africa_4" title="Match for Africa">Match for Africa 4</a>, a noncompetitive tennis match at a sold-out <a href="/wiki/Key_Arena" class="mw-redirect" title="Key Arena">Key Arena</a> in Seattle. The event was in support of the <a href="/wiki/Roger_Federer_Foundation" class="mw-redirect" title="Roger Federer Foundation">Roger Federer Foundation</a>'s charity efforts in Africa.<a href="#cite_note-167">[165]</a> Federer and Gates played against <a href="/wiki/John_Isner" title="John Isner">John Isner</a>, the top-ranked American player for much of this decade, and <a href="/wiki/Mike_McCready" title="Mike McCready">Mike McCready</a>, the lead guitarist for <a href="/wiki/Pearl_Jam" title="Pearl Jam">Pearl Jam</a>. The pair won the match 6 games to 4. Overall, they raised $2 million for children in Africa.<a href="#cite_note-match4-168">[166]</a> The following year, Gates and Federer returned to play in the <a href="/wiki/Match_for_Africa#Match_for_Africa_5" title="Match for Africa">Match for Africa 5</a> on March 5, 2018, at San Jose's <a href="/wiki/SAP_Center" title="SAP Center">SAP Center</a>. Their opponents were <a href="/wiki/Jack_Sock" title="Jack Sock">Jack Sock</a>, one of the top American players and a grand slam winner in doubles, and <a href="/wiki/Savannah_Guthrie" title="Savannah Guthrie">Savannah Guthrie</a>, a co-anchor for <a href="/wiki/NBC" title="NBC">NBC</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Today_(U.S._TV_program)" class="mw-redirect" title="Today (U.S. TV program)">Today</a> show. Gates and Federer recorded their second match victory together by a score of 6–3 and the event raised over $2.5 million.<a href="#cite_note-match5-169">[167]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Books">Books</h2></div> In 1989, Gates wrote the foreword to the Microsoft Press book <a href="/wiki/Learn_BASIC_Now" title="Learn BASIC Now">Learn BASIC Now</a>, by <a href="/wiki/Michael_Halvorson" title="Michael Halvorson">Michael Halvorson</a> and David Rygmyr, reflecting on the growth of the BASIC language and its use in most of the era's personal computers. He also sketched out plans for BASIC's use as a universal language to embellish or alter the performance of a range of software applications.<a href="#cite_note-170">[168]</a> Gates has authored several books. <a href="/wiki/The_Road_Ahead_(Bill_Gates_book)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Road Ahead (Bill Gates book)">The Road Ahead</a>, co-authored with Microsoft executive <a href="/wiki/Nathan_Myhrvold" title="Nathan Myhrvold">Nathan Myhrvold</a> and journalist <a href="/wiki/Peter_Rinearson" title="Peter Rinearson">Peter Rinearson</a>, was published in November 1995. It summarized the implications of the personal computing revolution and described a future profoundly changed by the arrival of a global <a href="/wiki/Information_superhighway" title="Information superhighway">information superhighway</a>. His second book, <a href="/wiki/Business_@_the_Speed_of_Thought" title="Business @ the Speed of Thought">Business @ the Speed of Thought</a>, co-authored with Collins Hemingway, was published in 1999, and discusses how business and technology are integrated, and shows how digital infrastructures and information networks can help to get an edge on the competition. In 2021 he published <a href="/wiki/How_to_Avoid_a_Climate_Disaster" title="How to Avoid a Climate Disaster">How to Avoid a Climate Disaster</a>, which presents what Gates learned in over a decade of studying climate change and investing in innovations to address climate problems.<a href="#cite_note-Gates2021-171">[169]</a> Following the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic</a> Gates published <a href="/wiki/How_to_Prevent_the_Next_Pandemic" title="How to Prevent the Next Pandemic">How to Prevent the Next Pandemic</a> in 2022 which proposes a "Global Epidemic Response and Mobilization" (GERM) team with annual funding of $1 billion, under the auspices of the WHO.<a href="#cite_note-172">[170]</a><a href="#cite_note-173">[171]</a> The first of Gates's planned three memoirs, <a href="/wiki/Source_Code_(memoir)" title="Source Code (memoir)">Source Code</a> was published in February 2025.<a href="#cite_note-PenguinUK-174">[172]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2></div> Gates is an avid reader, and the ceiling of his large home library is engraved with a quotation from <a href="/wiki/The_Great_Gatsby" title="The Great Gatsby">The Great Gatsby</a>.<a href="#cite_note-175">[173]</a><a href="#cite_note-176">[174]</a> He also enjoys bridge, golf, and tennis.<a href="#cite_note-177">[175]</a><a href="#cite_note-178">[176]</a> His days are planned for him on a minute-by-minute basis, similarly to the <a href="/wiki/U.S._president" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. president">U.S. president</a>'s schedule.<a href="#cite_note-179">[177]</a> Despite his wealth and extensive business travel, Gates flew <a href="/wiki/Coach_class" class="mw-redirect" title="Coach class">coach</a> (economy class) in <a href="/wiki/Commercial_aircraft" class="mw-redirect" title="Commercial aircraft">commercial aircraft</a> until 1997, when he bought a <a href="/wiki/Private_jet" class="mw-redirect" title="Private jet">private jet</a>.<a href="#cite_note-zuckerman19971027-180">[178]</a> Gates purchased the <a href="/wiki/Codex_Leicester" title="Codex Leicester">Codex Leicester</a>, a collection of scientific writings by <a href="/wiki/Leonardo_da_Vinci" title="Leonardo da Vinci">Leonardo da Vinci</a>, for US$30.8 million at an auction in 1994.<a href="#cite_note-181">[179]</a> In 1998, he reportedly paid $30 million for the original 1885 maritime painting <a href="/wiki/Lost_on_the_Grand_Banks" title="Lost on the Grand Banks">Lost on the Grand Banks</a>, at the time a record price for an American painting.<a href="#cite_note-182">[180]</a> In 2016, he revealed that he was <a href="/wiki/Color_blindness" title="Color blindness">color-blind</a>.<a href="#cite_note-183">[181]</a> On May 10, 2022, Gates said that he tested positive for COVID-19 and was experiencing mild symptoms.<a href="#cite_note-CP24-2022-184">[182]</a> Gates has received three doses of the COVID-19 vaccine.<a href="#cite_note-CP24-2022-184">[182]</a> In 2025, in <a href="/wiki/Source_Code_(memoir)" title="Source Code (memoir)">Source Code</a>, Gates wrote that he believed he was <a href="/wiki/Autism" title="Autism">autistic</a>.<a href="#cite_note-185">[183]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Marriage,_family_and_divorce">Marriage, family and divorce</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bill_og_Melinda_Gates_2009-06-03_(bilde_01).JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Bill_og_Melinda_Gates_2009-06-03_%28bilde_01%29.JPG/220px-Bill_og_Melinda_Gates_2009-06-03_%28bilde_01%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Bill_og_Melinda_Gates_2009-06-03_%28bilde_01%29.JPG/330px-Bill_og_Melinda_Gates_2009-06-03_%28bilde_01%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Bill_og_Melinda_Gates_2009-06-03_%28bilde_01%29.JPG/440px-Bill_og_Melinda_Gates_2009-06-03_%28bilde_01%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2808" data-file-height="1872" /></a><figcaption>Gates with former wife <a href="/wiki/Melinda_Gates" class="mw-redirect" title="Melinda Gates">Melinda</a>, June 2009</figcaption></figure> In 1987, at a trade fair in New York, Gates met <a href="/wiki/Melinda_Gates" class="mw-redirect" title="Melinda Gates">Melinda French</a>, a recent graduate of <a href="/wiki/Duke_University" title="Duke University">Duke University</a> who had begun working at Microsoft around four months earlier.<a href="#cite_note-186">[184]</a> Gates and French became engaged in 1993 after dating for six years.<a href="#cite_note-187">[185]</a> They married on January 1, 1994, at the 12th hole of the <a href="/wiki/Jack_Nicklaus" title="Jack Nicklaus">Jack Nicklaus</a>–designed Manele Golf Course on the Hawaiian Island of <a href="/wiki/Lanai" title="Lanai">Lānaʻi</a>.<a href="#cite_note-188">[186]</a><a href="#cite_note-189">[187]</a> They had three children together: Jennifer Katherine Gates Nassar (born April 26, 1996), Rory John Gates (born May 23, 1999), and Phoebe Adele Gates (born September 14, 2002).<a href="#cite_note-190">[188]</a><a href="#cite_note-191">[189]</a> The family resided in an <a href="/wiki/Bill_Gates%27s_house" title="Bill Gates's house">earth-sheltered mansion</a> in the side of a hill overlooking <a href="/wiki/Lake_Washington" title="Lake Washington">Lake Washington</a> in <a href="/wiki/Medina,_Washington" title="Medina, Washington">Medina, Washington</a>. In 2009, <a href="/wiki/Property_tax" title="Property tax">property taxes</a> on the mansion were reported to be US$1.063 million, on a total assessed value of US$147.5 million.<a href="#cite_note-192">[190]</a> The 66,000-square-foot (6,100 m2) estate has a 60-foot (18 m) swimming pool with an underwater music system, as well as a 2,500-square-foot (230 m2) gym and a 1,000-square-foot (93 m2) dining room.<a href="#cite_note-193">[191]</a> On May 3, 2021, the couple announced their decision to divorce after more than 27 years of marriage.<a href="#cite_note-divorce-194">[192]</a><a href="#cite_note-divorce-nytimes-195">[193]</a> <a href="/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal" title="The Wall Street Journal">The Wall Street Journal</a> reported that Melinda had begun meeting with divorce attorneys in 2019, citing interviews that suggested Gates's ties with Jeffrey Epstein were among her concerns.<a href="#cite_note-196">[194]</a> However, the couple delayed their divorce until their youngest daughter Phoebe had graduated from high school.<a href="#cite_note-197">[195]</a> The divorce was finalized on August 2, 2021, and the financial details have remained confidential.<a href="#cite_note-:0-198">[196]</a> In February 2023, Gates confirmed that he was dating Paula Hurd, widow of former <a href="/wiki/Oracle_Corporation" title="Oracle Corporation">Oracle Corporation</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hewlett-Packard" title="Hewlett-Packard">Hewlett-Packard</a> chief executive <a href="/wiki/Mark_Hurd" title="Mark Hurd">Mark Hurd</a>.<a href="#cite_note-199">[197]</a> He became a grandfather in March 2023 when his eldest daughter Jennifer, who had married Olympic equestrian <a href="/wiki/Nayel_Nassar" title="Nayel Nassar">Nayel Nassar</a> in October 2021, gave birth to a daughter.<a href="#cite_note-200">[198]</a> Jennifer gave birth to a second daughter in October 2024.<a href="#cite_note-201">[199]</a> In a February 2025 appearance on the <a href="/wiki/Today_(American_TV_program)" title="Today (American TV program)">Today</a> show, Gates described Hurd as a "serious girlfriend" and stated that he had "moved past the divorce."<a href="#cite_note-202">[200]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Public_image">Public image</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:170217-D-GO396-0147_(32577063650).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/170217-D-GO396-0147_%2832577063650%29.jpg/220px-170217-D-GO396-0147_%2832577063650%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/170217-D-GO396-0147_%2832577063650%29.jpg/330px-170217-D-GO396-0147_%2832577063650%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/170217-D-GO396-0147_%2832577063650%29.jpg/440px-170217-D-GO396-0147_%2832577063650%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3982" data-file-height="2655" /></a><figcaption>With then U.S. Secretary of Defense <a href="/wiki/Jim_Mattis" title="Jim Mattis">Jim Mattis</a>, February 2017.</figcaption></figure> Gates's public image has changed over the years. At first he was perceived as a brilliant but ruthless "robber baron", a "nerd-turned-tycoon".<a href="#cite_note-Carr-2021-203">[201]</a> Starting in 2000 with the foundation of the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, and particularly after he stepped down as head of Microsoft, he turned his attention to philanthropy, spending more than $50 billion on causes like health, poverty, and education. His image morphed from "tyrannical technocrat to saintly savior" to a "huggable billionaire techno-philanthropist", celebrated on magazine covers and sought after for his opinions on major issues like global health and climate change.<a href="#cite_note-Carr-2021-203">[201]</a> Still another shift in public opinion came in 2021 with the announcement that he and Melinda were divorcing. Coverage of that proceeding brought out information about romantic pursuits of women who worked for him, a long-term extra-marital affair, and a friendship with convicted sex offender <a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_Epstein" title="Jeffrey Epstein">Jeffrey Epstein</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Flitter-204">[202]</a> This information and his response to the COVID-19 pandemic resulted in some deterioration of his public image, going from "a lovable nerd who was out to save the world" to "a tech supervillain who wants to protect profits over public health."<a href="#cite_note-205">[203]</a> Investigative journalist Tim Schwab has accused Gates of using his contributions to the media to shape their coverage of him in order to protect his public image.<a href="#cite_note-Schwab-2020-74">[72]</a><a href="#cite_note-206">[204]</a> In September 2022, <a href="/wiki/Politico" title="Politico">Politico</a> published an exposé critical of NGO leadership at the helm of the worldwide COVID-19 pandemic response, written in cooperation with the German newspaper <a href="/wiki/Die_Welt" title="Die Welt">Die Welt</a>. Criticisms included the interconnectivity of the non-profits with Gates, as well as his personal lack of formal credentials in medicine.<a href="#cite_note-207">[205]</a> Gates and the projects of his foundation have been the subject of many conspiracy theories that proliferate on Facebook and elsewhere. He has been implausibly accused of attempting to depopulate the world, distributing harmful or unethical vaccines, and implanting people with privacy-violating microchips. These unfounded theories reached a new level of influence during the COVID-19 pandemic when, according to New York Times journalist Rory Smith, the uncertainties of pandemic life drove people to seek explanations from the Internet.<a href="#cite_note-208">[206]</a><a href="#cite_note-209">[207]</a> When asked about the theories, Gates has remarked that some people are tempted by the "simple explanation" that an evil person rather than biological factors are to blame, and that he does not know for what purpose anyone believes he would want to track them with microchips.<a href="#cite_note-210">[208]</a><a href="#cite_note-211">[209]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religious_views">Religious views</h3></div> In an interview with <a href="/wiki/Rolling_Stone" title="Rolling Stone">Rolling Stone</a>, Gates said in regard to his faith: "The moral systems of religion, I think, are super important. We've raised our kids in a religious way; they've gone to the Catholic church that Melinda goes to and I participate in. I've been very lucky, and therefore I owe it to try and reduce the inequity in the world. And that's kind of a religious belief. I mean, it's at least a moral belief."<a href="#cite_note-God-212">[210]</a> In the same 2014 interview he also said: "I agree with people like <a href="/wiki/Richard_Dawkins" title="Richard Dawkins">Richard Dawkins</a> that mankind felt the need for creation myths. Before we really began to understand disease and the weather and things like that, we sought false explanations for them. Now science has filled in some of the realm – not all – that religion used to fill. But the mystery and the beauty of the world is overwhelmingly amazing, and there's no scientific explanation of how it came about. To say that it was generated by random numbers, that does seem, you know, sort of an uncharitable view [laughs]. I think it makes sense to believe in God, but exactly what decision in your life you make differently because of it, I don't know."<a href="#cite_note-God-212">[210]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Wealth">Wealth</h3></div> In 1987, Gates was listed as a billionaire in <a href="/wiki/Forbes" title="Forbes">Forbes</a> magazine's first ever <a href="/wiki/Forbes_400" title="Forbes 400">America's richest</a> issue; he was the world's youngest-ever self-made billionaire, with a net worth of $1.25 billion. Since then, he has been featured on <a href="/wiki/The_World%27s_Billionaires" title="The World's Billionaires">The World's Billionaires</a> list and was ranked as the richest person in 1995, 1996, 1998–2007, and 2009, maintaining the position until 2018, when <a href="/wiki/Jeff_Bezos" title="Jeff Bezos">Jeff Bezos</a> surpassed his wealth. Gates was ranked first on the <a href="/wiki/Forbes_400" title="Forbes 400">Forbes 400</a> list of wealthiest Americans from 1993 to 2007, in 2009, and from 2014 to 2017.<a href="#cite_note-Wahba-213">[211]</a><a href="#cite_note-214">[212]</a> According to <a href="/wiki/Forbes" title="Forbes">Forbes</a>, as of 17 February 2025, Gates' estimated net worth stood at US$108.8 billion, making him the 16th richest individual in the world.<a href="#cite_note-Forbes-215">[213]</a> Gates's wealth briefly surpassed US$100 billion in 1999, making him the first person to reach this net worth.<a href="#cite_note-216">[214]</a><a href="#cite_note-zuckerman19971027-180">[178]</a> After 2000, the nominal value of his Microsoft holdings declined, partly because of the decline in Microsoft's stock price after the <a href="/wiki/Dot-com_bubble" title="Dot-com bubble">dot-com bubble</a> burst, and partly because of the multi-billion dollar donations he had made to his charitable foundations. In May 2006, Gates remarked that he wished that he were not the richest man in the world, because he disliked the attention that it brought.<a href="#cite_note-217">[215]</a> In March 2010, Gates was the second wealthiest person after <a href="/wiki/Carlos_Slim" title="Carlos Slim">Carlos Slim</a>, but regained the top position in 2013, according to the Bloomberg Billionaires Index.<a href="#cite_note-Bloom-218">[216]</a><a href="#cite_note-219">[217]</a> Slim regained the position again in June 2014<a href="#cite_note-wealthy_list-220">[218]</a><a href="#cite_note-New_wealthiest_man-221">[219]</a> (but then lost the top position back to Gates). Between 2009 and 2014, his wealth doubled from US$40 billion to US$82 billion.<a href="#cite_note-222">[220]</a> In October 2017, Gates was surpassed by <a href="/wiki/Amazon_(company)" title="Amazon (company)">Amazon</a> founder <a href="/wiki/Jeff_Bezos" title="Jeff Bezos">Jeff Bezos</a> as the richest person in the world.<a href="#cite_note-223">[221]</a> In the Forbes 400 list of wealthiest Americans in 2023, he was ranked sixth with a wealth of $115.0 billion.<a href="#cite_note-224">[222]</a> He once again became the richest person in the world in November 2019 after a 48% increase in Microsoft shares, surpassing Bezos.<a href="#cite_note-225">[223]</a> Gates told the <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a>, "I've paid more tax than any individual ever, and gladly so ... I've paid over $6 billion in taxes."<a href="#cite_note-226">[224]</a> He is a proponent of higher taxes, particularly for the rich.<a href="#cite_note-227">[225]</a> Gates has several investments outside Microsoft, which in 2006 paid him a salary of US$616,667 and a bonus of US$350,000, for a total of US$966,667.<a href="#cite_note-228">[226]</a> In 1989, he founded <a href="/wiki/Branded_Entertainment_Network" class="mw-redirect" title="Branded Entertainment Network">Corbis</a>, a digital imaging company. In 2004, he became a board member of <a href="/wiki/Berkshire_Hathaway" title="Berkshire Hathaway">Berkshire Hathaway</a>, the investment company headed by long-time friend <a href="/wiki/Warren_Buffett" title="Warren Buffett">Warren Buffett</a>.<a href="#cite_note-229">[227]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Controversies">Controversies</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Antitrust_litigation">Antitrust litigation</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/United_States_Microsoft_antitrust_case" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Microsoft antitrust case">United States Microsoft antitrust case</a> and <a href="/wiki/European_Union_Microsoft_competition_case" class="mw-redirect" title="European Union Microsoft competition case">European Union Microsoft competition case</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:US_v._Microsoft_Bill_Gates_Color.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/US_v._Microsoft_Bill_Gates_Color.png/250px-US_v._Microsoft_Bill_Gates_Color.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/US_v._Microsoft_Bill_Gates_Color.png/330px-US_v._Microsoft_Bill_Gates_Color.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/US_v._Microsoft_Bill_Gates_Color.png/500px-US_v._Microsoft_Bill_Gates_Color.png 2x" data-file-width="699" data-file-height="478" /></a><figcaption>Gates giving his deposition at Microsoft on August 27, 1998</figcaption></figure> During his tenure as CEO of Microsoft, Gates approved of many decisions that led to <a href="/wiki/United_States_antitrust_law" title="United States antitrust law">antitrust</a> litigation over Microsoft's business practices. In the 1998 <a href="/wiki/United_States_v._Microsoft" class="mw-redirect" title="United States v. Microsoft">United States v. Microsoft</a> case, Gates gave <a href="/wiki/Deposition_(law)" title="Deposition (law)">deposition</a> testimony that several journalists characterized as evasive. He argued with examiner <a href="/wiki/David_Boies" title="David Boies">David Boies</a> over the contextual meaning of words such as "compete", "concerned", and "we". Later in the year, when portions of the videotaped deposition were played back in court, the judge was seen laughing and shaking his head.<a href="#cite_note-GatesDepositionJudgeLaugh-230">[228]</a> BusinessWeek reported: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712" /><blockquote class="templatequote">Early rounds of his deposition show him offering obfuscatory answers and saying "I don't recall" so many times that even the presiding judge had to chuckle. Worse, many of the technology chief's denials and pleas of ignorance were directly refuted by prosecutors with snippets of e-mail that Gates both sent and received.<a href="#cite_note-231">[229]</a></blockquote> Gates later said that he had simply resisted attempts by Boies to mischaracterize his words and actions. "Did I fence with Boies? ... I plead guilty ... rudeness to Boies in the first degree."<a href="#cite_note-truth-232">[230]</a> Despite Gates's denials, the judge ruled that Microsoft had committed <a href="/wiki/Monopolization" title="Monopolization">monopolization</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tying_(commerce)" title="Tying (commerce)">tying</a> and blocking competition, each in violation of the <a href="/wiki/Sherman_Antitrust_Act" title="Sherman Antitrust Act">Sherman Antitrust Act</a>.<a href="#cite_note-truth-232">[230]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Treatment_of_colleagues_and_employees">Treatment of colleagues and employees</h3></div> Gates had primary responsibility for Microsoft's product strategy from the company's founding in 1975 until 2006. He gained a reputation for being distant from others; an industry executive complained in 1981 that "Gates is notorious for not being reachable by phone and for not returning phone calls."<a href="#cite_note-freiberger19810831-233">[231]</a> An Atari executive recalled that he showed Gates a game and defeated him 35 of 37 times. When they met again a month later, Gates "won or tied every game. He had studied the game until he solved it. That is a competitor".<a href="#cite_note-Atari_Thorlin_Interview_2000-234">[232]</a> In the early 1980s, while business partner Paul Allen was undergoing treatments for <a href="/wiki/Cancer" title="Cancer">cancer</a>, Gates—according to Allen—conspired to reduce Allen's share in Microsoft by issuing himself stock options.<a href="#cite_note-alforbes-235">[233]</a><a href="#cite_note-acarr-236">[234]</a><a href="#cite_note-hkcnn-237">[235]</a> In his autobiography, Allen would later recall that Gates was "scheming to rip me off. It was mercenary opportunism plain and simple".<a href="#cite_note-alforbes-235">[233]</a> Gates says he remembers the episode differently.<a href="#cite_note-acarr-236">[234]</a> Allen would also recall that Gates was prone to shouting episodes.<a href="#cite_note-hkcnn-237">[235]</a> Gates has often been accused of bullying Microsoft employees.<a href="#cite_note-bbc5/8/2021-238">[236]</a> He met regularly with Microsoft's senior managers and program managers, and the managers described him as being verbally combative, berating them for perceived holes in their business strategies or proposals that placed the company's long-term interests at risk.<a href="#cite_note-rensin-239">[237]</a><a href="#cite_note-240">[238]</a> Gates saw competition in personal terms; when <a href="/wiki/Borland" title="Borland">Borland</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Turbo_Pascal" title="Turbo Pascal">Turbo Pascal</a> performed better than Microsoft's own tools, he yelled at programming director <a href="/wiki/Greg_Whitten" title="Greg Whitten">Greg Whitten</a> "for half an hour" because, Gates believed, Borland's <a href="/wiki/Philippe_Kahn" title="Philippe Kahn">Philippe Kahn</a> had surpassed Gates.<a href="#cite_note-241">[239]</a> Gates interrupted presentations with such comments as "that's the stupidest thing I've ever heard"<a href="#cite_note-time_GOS-242">[240]</a> and "why don't you just give up your <a href="/wiki/Employee_stock_option" title="Employee stock option">options</a> and join the <a href="/wiki/Peace_Corps" title="Peace Corps">Peace Corps</a>?"<a href="#cite_note-243">[241]</a> The target of his outburst would then have to defend the proposal in detail until Gates was fully convinced.<a href="#cite_note-time_GOS-242">[240]</a> Not all harsh language was criticism; a manager recalled that "You're full of shit. That's the stupidest fucking thing I've ever heard" meant that Gates was amazed. "In the lore of Microsoft, if Bill says that to you, you're made".<a href="#cite_note-smith20230226-244">[242]</a> When subordinates appeared to be procrastinating, he was known to remark sarcastically, "I'll do it over the weekend".<a href="#cite_note-chapman-245">[243]</a><a href="#cite_note-pdc97-54">[52]</a><a href="#cite_note-herbold-246">[244]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Relationship_with_Jeffrey_Epstein">Relationship with Jeffrey Epstein</h3></div> A 2019 <a href="/wiki/New_York_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Times">New York Times</a> article reported that Gates's relationship with financier <a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_Epstein" title="Jeffrey Epstein">Jeffrey Epstein</a> started in 2011, just a few years after Epstein was convicted for procuring a <a href="/wiki/Child_prostitution" title="Child prostitution">child for prostitution</a>, and continued for some years, including a visit to Epstein's house with his wife in the fall of 2013, despite her declared discomfort.<a href="#cite_note-Flitter-2019-247">[245]</a> Gates said in 2011 about Epstein: "His lifestyle is very different and kind of intriguing although it would not work for me".<a href="#cite_note-Flitter-204">[202]</a> The depth of the friendship between Gates and Epstein is unclear though Gates generally commented that "I met him. I didn't have any business relationship or friendship with him".<a href="#cite_note-Guardian-248">[246]</a> However, Gates visited Epstein "many times, despite [Epstein's] past".<a href="#cite_note-Flitter-2019-247">[245]</a> It was reported that Epstein and Gates "discussed the Gates Foundation and philanthropy".<a href="#cite_note-Flitter-2019-247">[245]</a> However, in an interview in 2019 Gates completely denied any connection between Epstein and the Gates Foundation or his philanthropy generally.<a href="#cite_note-Guardian-248">[246]</a> In August 2021, Gates said the reason he had meetings with Epstein was because Gates hoped Epstein could provide money for philanthropic work, though nothing came of the idea. Gates added, "It was a huge mistake to spend time with him, to give him the credibility of being there."<a href="#cite_note-bbc5/8/2021-238">[236]</a> Gates came under further scrutiny after it was revealed that he had travelled on Epstein's private jet, though further claims about Gates travelling to Little St James proved unsubstantiated.<a href="#cite_note-249">[247]</a> It has also been reported that Epstein and Gates met with <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Committee" title="Nobel Committee">Nobel Committee</a> chair <a href="/wiki/Thorbj%C3%B8rn_Jagland" title="Thorbjørn Jagland">Thorbjørn Jagland</a> at his residence in <a href="/wiki/Strasbourg,_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Strasbourg, France">Strasbourg, France</a>, in March 2013 to discuss the <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize" title="Nobel Prize">Nobel Prize</a>.<a href="#cite_note-250">[248]</a> Also in attendance were representatives of the <a href="/wiki/International_Peace_Institute" title="International Peace Institute">International Peace Institute</a> which has received millions in grants from the <a href="/wiki/Gates_Foundation" title="Gates Foundation">Gates Foundation</a>, including a $2.5 million "community engagement" grant in October 2013.<a href="#cite_note-251">[249]</a> In 2023, it was reported that Epstein threatened to expose an alleged affair Gates had with a Russian <a href="/wiki/Contract_bridge" title="Contract bridge">bridge</a> player.<a href="#cite_note-252">[250]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Recognition">Recognition</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/President_Obama_Awards_the_Presidential_Medal_of_Freedom.webm/220px-seek%3D2395.5-President_Obama_Awards_the_Presidential_Medal_of_Freedom.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="124" data-durationhint="3614" data-mwtitle="President_Obama_Awards_the_Presidential_Medal_of_Freedom.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:President_Obama_Awards_the_Presidential_Medal_of_Freedom.webm"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/56/President_Obama_Awards_the_Presidential_Medal_of_Freedom.webm/President_Obama_Awards_the_Presidential_Medal_of_Freedom.webm.480p.vp9.webm#t=00:38:41.500,00:40:05.500" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="854" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/56/President_Obama_Awards_the_Presidential_Medal_of_Freedom.webm/President_Obama_Awards_the_Presidential_Medal_of_Freedom.webm.720p.vp9.webm#t=00:38:41.500,00:40:05.500" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="720p.vp9.webm" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/56/President_Obama_Awards_the_Presidential_Medal_of_Freedom.webm#t=00:38:41.500,00:40:05.500" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/56/President_Obama_Awards_the_Presidential_Medal_of_Freedom.webm/President_Obama_Awards_the_Presidential_Medal_of_Freedom.webm.144p.mjpeg.mov#t=00:38:41.500,00:40:05.500" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="256" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/56/President_Obama_Awards_the_Presidential_Medal_of_Freedom.webm/President_Obama_Awards_the_Presidential_Medal_of_Freedom.webm.240p.vp9.webm#t=00:38:41.500,00:40:05.500" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/56/President_Obama_Awards_the_Presidential_Medal_of_Freedom.webm/President_Obama_Awards_the_Presidential_Medal_of_Freedom.webm.360p.webm#t=00:38:41.500,00:40:05.500" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/56/President_Obama_Awards_the_Presidential_Medal_of_Freedom.webm/President_Obama_Awards_the_Presidential_Medal_of_Freedom.webm.360p.vp9.webm#t=00:38:41.500,00:40:05.500" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /></video><figcaption>Bill and Melinda Gates being awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom by then President <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> in 2016</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>Time magazine listed Gates as <a href="/wiki/Time_100:_The_Most_Important_People_of_the_Century" title="Time 100: The Most Important People of the Century">one of the 100 most influential people of the 20th century</a> in 1999, as well as <a href="/wiki/Time_100" title="Time 100">one of the 100 most influential people</a> in 2004, 2005, and 2006 respectively.<a href="#cite_note-253">[251]</a></li> <li>Time also collectively named Gates, his wife Melinda and U2's lead singer <a href="/wiki/Bono" title="Bono">Bono</a> as the 2005 <a href="/wiki/Time_Person_of_the_Year" title="Time Person of the Year">Persons of the Year</a> for their humanitarian efforts.<a href="#cite_note-254">[252]</a> In 2006, he was voted eighth in the list of "Heroes of our time" published by <a href="/wiki/New_Statesman" title="New Statesman">New Statesman</a>.<a href="#cite_note-255">[253]</a></li> <li>Gates was listed in the <a href="/wiki/Sunday_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunday Times">Sunday Times</a> power list in 1999, named CEO of the year by Chief Executive Officers magazine in 1994, ranked number one in the "Top 50 Cyber Elite" by Time in 1998, ranked number two in the <a href="/wiki/Upside_(magazine)" title="Upside (magazine)">Upside</a> Elite 100 in 1999, and was also included in <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a> as one of the "Top 100 influential people in media" in 2001.<a href="#cite_note-256">[254]</a></li> <li>Gates has received honorary doctorates from <a href="/wiki/Nyenrode_Business_Universiteit" class="mw-redirect" title="Nyenrode Business Universiteit">Nyenrode Business Universiteit</a> (1996),<a href="#cite_note-257">[255]</a> <a href="/wiki/KTH_Royal_Institute_of_Technology" title="KTH Royal Institute of Technology">KTH Royal Institute of Technology</a> (2002),<a href="#cite_note-258">[256]</a> <a href="/wiki/Waseda_University" title="Waseda University">Waseda University</a> (2005),<a href="#cite_note-259">[257]</a> <a href="/wiki/Tsinghua_University" title="Tsinghua University">Tsinghua University</a> (2007),<a href="#cite_note-260">[258]</a> Harvard University (2007),<a href="#cite_note-261">[259]</a> the <a href="/wiki/Karolinska_Institute" title="Karolinska Institute">Karolinska Institute</a> (2007),<a href="#cite_note-262">[260]</a> the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Cambridge" title="University of Cambridge">University of Cambridge</a> (2009),<a href="#cite_note-cam-263">[261]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Northern_Arizona_University" title="Northern Arizona University">Northern Arizona University</a> (2023).<a href="#cite_note-264">[262]</a><a href="#cite_note-265">[263]</a> He was also made an honorary trustee of <a href="/wiki/Peking_University" title="Peking University">Peking University</a> in 2007.<a href="#cite_note-266">[264]</a></li> <li>In 1994, he was honored as the 20th <a href="/wiki/Distinguished_Fellow_of_the_British_Computer_Society" title="Distinguished Fellow of the British Computer Society">Distinguished Fellow of the British Computer Society</a> (DFBCS). In 1999, Gates received <a href="/wiki/New_York_Institute_of_Technology" title="New York Institute of Technology">New York Institute of Technology</a>'s President's Medal.<a href="#cite_note-267">[265]</a></li> <li>Gates was elected a Member of the US <a href="/wiki/National_Academy_of_Engineering" title="National Academy of Engineering">National Academy of Engineering</a> in 1996 "for contributions to the founding and development of personal computing".<a href="#cite_note-268">[266]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Entomology" title="Entomology">Entomologists</a> named <a href="/wiki/Bill_Gates%27_flower_fly" title="Bill Gates' flower fly">Bill Gates' flower fly</a>, Eristalis gatesi, in his honor in 1997.<a href="#cite_note-269">[267]</a></li> <li>He was awarded <a href="/wiki/American_Library_Association_Honorary_Membership" title="American Library Association Honorary Membership">American Library Association Honorary Membership</a> in 1998.<a href="#cite_note-270">[268]</a></li> <li>In 2002, Bill and Melinda Gates received the <a href="/wiki/Jefferson_Awards_for_Public_Service" title="Jefferson Awards for Public Service">Jefferson Award</a> for Greatest Public Service Benefiting the Disadvantaged.<a href="#cite_note-271">[269]</a></li> <li>Gates was made an Honorary <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_British_Empire" title="Order of the British Empire">Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire</a> (KBE) by Queen <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_II" title="Elizabeth II">Elizabeth II</a> in 2005.<a href="#cite_note-272">[270]</a></li> <li>He was given the 2006 James C. Morgan Global Humanitarian Award from <a href="/wiki/The_Tech_Awards" title="The Tech Awards">the Tech Awards</a>.<a href="#cite_note-273">[271]</a></li> <li>In January 2006, he was awarded the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Prince_Henry" title="Order of Prince Henry">Grand Cross of the Order of Prince Henry</a> by the then President of Portugal <a href="/wiki/Jorge_Sampaio" title="Jorge Sampaio">Jorge Sampaio</a>.</li> <li>In November 2006, he was awarded the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Aztec_Eagle" title="Order of the Aztec Eagle">Placard of the Order of the Aztec Eagle</a>, together with his wife Melinda who was awarded the Insignia of the same order, both for their philanthropic work around the world in the areas of health and education, particularly in Mexico, and specifically in the program "Un país de lectores".<a href="#cite_note-274">[272]</a></li> <li>Gates received the 2010 <a href="/wiki/Bower_Award_for_Business_Leadership" class="mw-redirect" title="Bower Award for Business Leadership">Bower Award for Business Leadership</a> from <a href="/wiki/The_Franklin_Institute" class="mw-redirect" title="The Franklin Institute">The Franklin Institute</a> for his achievements at Microsoft and his philanthropic work.<a href="#cite_note-275">[273]</a></li> <li>Also in 2010, he was honored with the <a href="/wiki/Silver_Buffalo_Award" title="Silver Buffalo Award">Silver Buffalo Award</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Boy_Scouts_of_America" class="mw-redirect" title="Boy Scouts of America">Boy Scouts of America</a>, its highest award for adults, for his service to youth.<a href="#cite_note-SB2010-276">[274]</a></li> <li>According to Forbes, Gates was ranked as the fourth most powerful person in the world in 2012,<a href="#cite_note-277">[275]</a> up from fifth in 2011.<a href="#cite_note-278">[276]</a></li> <li>In 2015, Gates and his wife Melinda received the <a href="/wiki/Padma_Bhushan" title="Padma Bhushan">Padma Bhushan</a>, India's third-highest civilian award for their social work in the country.<a href="#cite_note-279">[277]</a><a href="#cite_note-280">[278]</a></li> <li>In 2016, <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> honored Bill and Melinda Gates with the <a href="/wiki/Presidential_Medal_of_Freedom" title="Presidential Medal of Freedom">Presidential Medal of Freedom</a> for their philanthropic efforts.<a href="#cite_note-281">[279]</a></li> <li>In 2017, <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Hollande" title="François Hollande">François Hollande</a> awarded Bill and Melinda Gates with France's highest national order, as Commanders in <a href="/wiki/Legion_of_Honour" title="Legion of Honour">the Legion of Honour</a>, for their charity efforts.<a href="#cite_note-282">[280]</a></li> <li>He was elected a foreign member of the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Academy_of_Engineering" title="Chinese Academy of Engineering">Chinese Academy of Engineering</a> in 2017.<a href="#cite_note-283">[281]</a></li> <li>In 2019, Gates was awarded the <a href="/wiki/Hawking_Fellowship" title="Hawking Fellowship">Professor Hawking Fellowship</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_Union" title="Cambridge Union">Cambridge Union</a> in the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Cambridge" title="University of Cambridge">University of Cambridge</a>.<a href="#cite_note-284">[282]</a></li> <li>In 2020, Gates received the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Rising_Sun" title="Order of the Rising Sun">Grand Cordon of the Order of the Rising Sun</a> for his contributions to Japan and the world in regard to worldwide technological transformation and advancement of global health.<a href="#cite_note-285">[283]</a></li> <li>In 2021, Gates was nominated at the 11th annual <a href="/wiki/Streamy_Awards" title="Streamy Awards">Streamy Awards</a> for the crossover for his personal YouTube channel.<a href="#cite_note-286">[284]</a></li> <li>In 2022, Gates received the <a href="/wiki/Hilal-e-Pakistan" title="Hilal-e-Pakistan">Hilal-e-Pakistan</a>, the second-highest civilian award in Pakistan for his social work in the country.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Depiction_in_media">Depiction in media</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Documentary_films_about_Gates">Documentary films about Gates</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /><table class="infobox" style="width: 210px; clear: right; float:right;margin:0 0 1.5em 1.5em"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:115%">External videos</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align: left"><img alt="video icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/16px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/24px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/32px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://openvault.wgbh.org/catalog/V_7C97C4381B7849D791CD357588C2FE89">The Machine That Changed The World; Interview with Bill Gates, 1990</a> (raw video), 44:03, <a href="/wiki/WGBH_Educational_Foundation" title="WGBH Educational Foundation">Open Vault WGBH</a><a href="#cite_note-wgbhov-287">[285]</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Machine_That_Changed_the_World_(miniseries)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Machine That Changed the World (miniseries)">The Machine That Changed the World</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triumph_of_the_Nerds" title="Triumph of the Nerds">Triumph of the Nerds</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nerds_2.0.1" title="Nerds 2.0.1">Nerds 2.0.1</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waiting_for_%22Superman%22" title="Waiting for "Superman"">Waiting for "Superman"</a> (2010)<a href="#cite_note-288">[286]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Virtual_Revolution" title="The Virtual Revolution">The Virtual Revolution</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inside_Bill%27s_Brain:_Decoding_Bill_Gates" title="Inside Bill's Brain: Decoding Bill Gates">Inside Bill's Brain: Decoding Bill Gates</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/What%27s_Next%3F_The_Future_with_Bill_Gates" title="What's Next? The Future with Bill Gates">What's Next? The Future with Bill Gates</a> (2024)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Feature_films">Feature films</h3></div> <ul><li>1999: <a href="/wiki/Pirates_of_Silicon_Valley" title="Pirates of Silicon Valley">Pirates of Silicon Valley</a>, a film that chronicles the rise of <a href="/wiki/Apple_Inc." title="Apple Inc.">Apple</a> and <a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a> from the early 1970s to 1997. Gates is portrayed by <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Michael_Hall" title="Anthony Michael Hall">Anthony Michael Hall</a>.</li> <li>2002: <a href="/wiki/Nothing_So_Strange" title="Nothing So Strange">Nothing So Strange</a>, a mockumentary featuring Gates as the subject of a modern assassination. Gates briefly appears at the start, played by Steve Sires.</li> <li>2010: <a href="/wiki/The_Social_Network" title="The Social Network">The Social Network</a>, a film that chronicles the development of <a href="/wiki/Facebook" title="Facebook">Facebook</a>. Gates is portrayed by Steve Sires.<a href="#cite_note-289">[287]</a></li> <li>2015: <a href="/wiki/Steve_Jobs" title="Steve Jobs">Steve Jobs</a> vs. Bill Gates: The Competition to Control the Personal Computer, 1974–1999: Original film from the <a href="/wiki/National_Geographic_Channel" class="mw-redirect" title="National Geographic Channel">National Geographic Channel</a> for the <a href="/wiki/American_Genius" title="American Genius">American Genius</a> series.<a href="#cite_note-290">[288]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Video_and_film_clips">Video and film clips</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Steve_Jobs_and_Bill_Gates_(522695099).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Steve_Jobs_and_Bill_Gates_%28522695099%29.jpg/250px-Steve_Jobs_and_Bill_Gates_%28522695099%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Steve_Jobs_and_Bill_Gates_%28522695099%29.jpg/330px-Steve_Jobs_and_Bill_Gates_%28522695099%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Steve_Jobs_and_Bill_Gates_%28522695099%29.jpg/500px-Steve_Jobs_and_Bill_Gates_%28522695099%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3076" data-file-height="2194" /></a><figcaption>With <a href="/wiki/Steve_Jobs" title="Steve Jobs">Steve Jobs</a> at <a href="/wiki/All_Things_Digital" title="All Things Digital">D: All Things Digital</a> in 2007</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>1983: Steve Jobs hosts Gates and others in the "Macintosh dating game" at the <a href="/wiki/Macintosh_128K" title="Macintosh 128K">Macintosh</a> pre-launch event (a parody of the television game show <a href="/wiki/The_Dating_Game" title="The Dating Game">The Dating Game</a>)<a href="#cite_note-291">[289]</a></li> <li>1991: Gates spoke to the <a href="/wiki/Berkeley_Macintosh_Users_Group" title="Berkeley Macintosh Users Group">Berkeley Macintosh Users Group</a> lively weekly Thursday night meeting with questions and answers in PSL Hall (renamed Pimentel Hall in 1994)<a href="#cite_note-292">[290]</a> at <a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Berkeley" title="University of California, Berkeley">University of California, Berkeley</a><a href="#cite_note-YouTube=R7x7W4zaroM-293">[291]</a><a href="#cite_note-YouTube=N1Qqq3n_yhE-294">[292]</a><a href="#cite_note-YouTube=6jU7_qQ8Nbc-295">[293]</a></li> <li>2007: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wvhW8cp15tk">Steve Jobs and Bill Gates Together at the D5 Conference</a> on <a href="/wiki/YouTube_video_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="YouTube video (identifier)">YouTube</a>, <a href="/wiki/All_Things_Digital" title="All Things Digital">All Things Digital</a></li> <li>Since 2009, Gates has given numerous <a href="/wiki/TED_(Conference)" class="mw-redirect" title="TED (Conference)">TED talks</a> on current concerns such as innovation, education and fighting global diseases<a href="#cite_note-296">[294]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Radio">Radio</h3></div> Gates was the guest on <a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_4" title="BBC Radio 4">BBC Radio 4</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Desert_Island_Discs" title="Desert Island Discs">Desert Island Discs</a> on January 31, 2016, in which he talked about his relationships with his <a href="/wiki/William_H._Gates_Sr." class="mw-redirect" title="William H. Gates Sr.">father</a> and <a href="/wiki/Steve_Jobs" title="Steve Jobs">Steve Jobs</a>, meeting <a href="/wiki/Melinda_Gates" class="mw-redirect" title="Melinda Gates">Melinda Ann French</a>, the start of <a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a> and some of his habits (for example reading <a href="/wiki/The_Economist" title="The Economist">The Economist</a> "from cover to cover every week"). His choice of things to take on a desert island were, for music: "<a href="/wiki/Blue_Skies_(Irving_Berlin_song)" title="Blue Skies (Irving Berlin song)">Blue Skies</a>" by <a href="/wiki/Willie_Nelson" title="Willie Nelson">Willie Nelson</a>; a book: <a href="/wiki/The_Better_Angels_of_Our_Nature" title="The Better Angels of Our Nature">The Better Angels of Our Nature</a> by <a href="/wiki/Steven_Pinker" title="Steven Pinker">Steven Pinker</a>; and luxury item: a DVD Collection of Lectures from <a href="/wiki/The_Teaching_Company" title="The Teaching Company">The Teaching Company</a>.<a href="#cite_note-297">[295]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Television">Television</h3></div> Gates starred as himself in a brief appearance on the <a href="/wiki/Frasier" title="Frasier">Frasier</a> episode “The Two Hundredth Episode".<a href="#cite_note-298">[296]</a> He also made a guest appearance as himself on the TV show <a href="/wiki/The_Big_Bang_Theory" title="The Big Bang Theory">The Big Bang Theory</a>, in an episode titled "<a href="/wiki/The_Big_Bang_Theory_(season_11)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Big Bang Theory (season 11)">The Gates Excitation</a>".<a href="#cite_note-299">[297]</a> He also appeared in a cameo role in 2019 on the series finale of <a href="/wiki/Silicon_Valley_(TV_series)" title="Silicon Valley (TV series)">Silicon Valley</a>.<a href="#cite_note-300">[298]</a> Gates was parodied in <a href="/wiki/The_Simpsons" title="The Simpsons">The Simpsons</a> episode "<a href="/wiki/Das_Bus" title="Das Bus">Das Bus</a>". In 2023, Gates was the interviewee in an episode of the <a href="/wiki/Amol_Rajan" title="Amol Rajan">Amol Rajan</a> Interviews series on <a href="/wiki/BBC_Two" title="BBC Two">BBC Two</a>,<a href="#cite_note-301">[299]</a> and was the subject of an episode of the UK <a href="/wiki/Channel_4" title="Channel 4">Channel 4</a> series The Billionaires Who Made Our World.<a href="#cite_note-302">[300]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Books_2">Books</h2></div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFGates2025" class="citation book cs1">Gates, Bill (February 4, 2025). Source Code: My Beginnings. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0593801581" title="Special:BookSources/978-0593801581"><bdi>978-0593801581</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1485475200">1485475200</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Source+Code%3A+My+Beginnings&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Alfred+A.+Knopf&rft.date=2025-02-04&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1485475200&rft.isbn=978-0593801581&rft.aulast=Gates&rft.aufirst=Bill&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABill+Gates" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Big_History_Project" class="mw-redirect" title="Big History Project">Big History Project</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_richest_Americans_in_history" title="List of richest Americans in history">List of richest Americans in history</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> Gates regularly documents his share ownership through public U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission <a href="/wiki/Form_4" title="Form 4">Form 4</a> filings.<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> His father was named William H. Gates II, but he is now generally known as William H. Gates, Senior to avoid confusion with his son. </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626" /><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nasdaq.com/symbol/msft/institutional-holdings">MSFT</a> (Holdings), NASDAQ, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111019112613/http://www.nasdaq.com/asp/holdings.asp?symbol=MSFT&selected=MSFT&FormType=form4">archived</a> from the original on October 19, 2011, retrieved April 10, 2016</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=MSFT&rft.pub=NASDAQ&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasdaq.com%2Fsymbol%2Fmsft%2Finstitutional-holdings&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABill+Gates" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nasdaq.com/symbol/msft">MSFT</a> (Symbol), NASDAQ, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160408230653/http://www.nasdaq.com/symbol/msft">archived</a> from the original on April 8, 2016, retrieved April 10, 2016</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=MSFT&rft.pub=NASDAQ&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasdaq.com%2Fsymbol%2Fmsft&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABill+Gates" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Bill-Gates">"Bill Gates (American computer programmer, businessman, and philanthropist)"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130328082612/https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/226865/Bill-Gates">Archived</a> from the original on March 28, 2013. Retrieved March 20, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bill+Gates+%28American+computer+programmer%2C+businessman%2C+and+philanthropist%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fbiography%2FBill-Gates&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABill+Gates" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-mary-maxwell-gates-obit-6">^ <a href="#cite_ref-mary-maxwell-gates-obit_6-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-mary-maxwell-gates-obit_6-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1994/06/11/obituaries/mary-gates-64-helped-her-son-start-microsoft.html">"Mary Gates, 64; helped her son start Microsoft"</a>. The New York Times. June 11, 1994. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160420102313/http://www.nytimes.com/1994/06/11/obituaries/mary-gates-64-helped-her-son-start-microsoft.html">Archived</a> from the original on April 20, 2016. Retrieved April 3, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Mary+Gates%2C+64%3B+helped+her+son+start+Microsoft&rft.date=1994-06-11&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1994%2F06%2F11%2Fobituaries%2Fmary-gates-64-helped-her-son-start-microsoft.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABill+Gates" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> "Microsoft founder Bill Gates has Yorkshire roots". The Telegraph. June 23, 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEManes199415-8"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEManes199415_8-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFManes1994">Manes 1994</a>, p. 15. </li> <li id="cite_note-leibovich20001231-9">^ <a href="#cite_ref-leibovich20001231_9-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-leibovich20001231_9-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-leibovich20001231_9-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-leibovich20001231_9-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-leibovich20001231_9-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-leibovich20001231_9-5">f</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLeibovich2000" class="citation news cs1">Leibovich, Mark (December 31, 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161225224631/https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/2000/12/31/alter-egos/91b267b0-858c-4d4e-a4bd-48f22e015f70/">"Alter Egos"</a>. The Washington Post. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/2000/12/31/alter-egos/91b267b0-858c-4d4e-a4bd-48f22e015f70/">the original</a> on December 25, 2016. Retrieved June 24, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Alter+Egos&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.aulast=Leibovich&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Farchive%2Fpolitics%2F2000%2F12%2F31%2Falter-egos%2F91b267b0-858c-4d4e-a4bd-48f22e015f70%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABill+Gates" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLangeStein1999" class="citation web cs1">Lange, Greg; Stein, Alan (February 14, 1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.historylink.org/File/886">"Tornado with 100-m.p.h. winds hits Seattle and Juanita on September 28, 1962"</a>. <a href="/wiki/HistoryLink" title="HistoryLink">HistoryLink</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161019094436/http://www.historylink.org/File/886">Archived</a> from the original on October 19, 2016. Retrieved December 18, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=HistoryLink&rft.atitle=Tornado+with+100-m.p.h.+winds+hits+Seattle+and+Juanita+on+September+28%2C+1962.&rft.date=1999-02-14&rft.aulast=Lange&rft.aufirst=Greg&rft.au=Stein%2C+Alan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.historylink.org%2FFile%2F886&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABill+Gates" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEManes199447-11"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEManes199447_11-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFManes1994">Manes 1994</a>, p. 47. </li> <li id="cite_note-Congregational_1-12"><a href="#cite_ref-Congregational_1_12-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLesinski2008" class="citation book cs1">Lesinski, Jeanne M (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/billgatesentrepr0000lesi">Bill Gates: Entrepreneur and Philanthropist</a>. Twenty First Century Books. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/billgatesentrepr0000lesi/page/12">12</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-58013-570-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-58013-570-2"><bdi>978-1-58013-570-2</bdi></a>. 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PBS. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170813010139/http://www.pbs.org/nerds/part2.html">Archived</a> from the original on August 13, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Triumph+of+the+Nerds%3A+The+Rise+of+Accidental+Empires&rft.series=Season+1&rft.date=1996-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pbs.org%2Fnerds%2Fpart2.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABill+Gates" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEManes199424-16"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEManes199424_16-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFManes1994">Manes 1994</a>, p. 24. </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSoundaian2019" class="citation book cs1">Soundaian, S. 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Retrieved October 14, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=New+Dimensions+of+Management&rft.pub=MJP+Publisher&rft.date=2019-06-10&rft.aulast=Soundaian&rft.aufirst=S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DnYGcDwAAQBAJ%26q%3Dbill%2520gates%2520banned%2520for%2520summer%2520pdp-10%26pg%3DPA50&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABill+Gates" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEManes199427-18"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEManes199427_18-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFManes1994">Manes 1994</a>, p. 27. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGates199612-19"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGates199612_19-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFGates1996">Gates 1996</a>, p. 12. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEManes199434-20"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEManes199434_20-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFManes1994">Manes 1994</a>, p. 34. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGates199614-21"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGates199614_21-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFGates1996">Gates 1996</a>, p. 14. </li> <li id="cite_note-Schuman2008-22"><a href="#cite_ref-Schuman2008_22-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSchuman2008" class="citation book cs1">Schuman, Michael A. (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/billgatescompute0000schu">Bill Gates: Computer Mogul and Philanthropist</a>. Enslow Publishers, Inc. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/billgatescompute0000schu/page/34">34</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7660-2693-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7660-2693-3"><bdi>978-0-7660-2693-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bill+Gates%3A+Computer+Mogul+and+Philanthropist&rft.pages=34&rft.pub=Enslow+Publishers%2C+Inc.&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-7660-2693-3&rft.aulast=Schuman&rft.aufirst=Michael+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbillgatescompute0000schu&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABill+Gates" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sims2018-23"><a href="#cite_ref-Sims2018_23-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSims2018" class="citation book cs1">Sims, Marcie (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=L1NLDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA196">Capitol Hill Pages: Young Witnesses to 200 Years of History</a>. McFarland. p. 196. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4766-6972-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4766-6972-4"><bdi>978-1-4766-6972-4</bdi></a>. Retrieved May 5, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Capitol+Hill+Pages%3A+Young+Witnesses+to+200+Years+of+History&rft.pages=196&rft.pub=McFarland&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=978-1-4766-6972-4&rft.aulast=Sims&rft.aufirst=Marcie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DL1NLDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA196&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABill+Gates" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nationalmerit.org/s/1758/interior.aspx?sid=1758&gid=2&pgid=416">"National Merit Scholarship Corporation – Scholars You May Know"</a>. nationalmerit.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160228095002/http://www.nationalmerit.org/s/1758/interior.aspx?sid=1758&gid=2&pgid=416">Archived</a> from the original on February 28, 2016. Retrieved October 25, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=nationalmerit.org&rft.atitle=National+Merit+Scholarship+Corporation+%E2%80%93+Scholars+You+May+Know&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nationalmerit.org%2Fs%2F1758%2Finterior.aspx%3Fsid%3D1758%26gid%3D2%26pgid%3D416&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABill+Gates" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060510205250/http://theweekmagazine.com/article.aspx?id=803">"The new – and improved? – SAT"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Week" title="The Week">The Week</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://theweekmagazine.com/article.aspx?id=803">the original</a> on May 10, 2006. Retrieved May 23, 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Week&rft.atitle=The+new+%E2%80%93+and+improved%3F+%E2%80%93+SAT&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftheweekmagazine.com%2Farticle.aspx%3Fid%3D803&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABill+Gates" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGates199615-26"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGates199615_26-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFGates1996">Gates 1996</a>, p. 15. </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/news/graphics/2008/june/bill_gates/gates_timeline_04.html">"Timeline: Bill Gates: 1973; from google (bill gates major in harvard) result 3"</a>. <a href="/wiki/NPR" title="NPR">NPR</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151005190613/http://www.npr.org/news/graphics/2008/june/bill_gates/gates_timeline_04.html">Archived</a> from the original on October 5, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Timeline%3A+Bill+Gates%3A+1973%3B+from+google+%28bill+gates+major+in+harvard%29+result+3&rft.pub=NPR&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2Fnews%2Fgraphics%2F2008%2Fjune%2Fbill_gates%2Fgates_timeline_04.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABill+Gates" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHittIrelandHoskisson2012" class="citation book cs1">Hitt, Michael; Ireland, R. Duane; Hoskisson, Robert (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=TO5LIILHmcYC&pg=RA1-PA263">Strategic Management: Concepts and Cases: Competitiveness and Globalization</a>. Cengage Learning. p. 263. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-111-82587-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-111-82587-4"><bdi>978-1-111-82587-4</bdi></a>. Retrieved October 25, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Strategic+Management%3A+Concepts+and+Cases%3A+Competitiveness+and+Globalization&rft.pages=263&rft.pub=Cengage+Learning&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1-111-82587-4&rft.aulast=Hitt&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.au=Ireland%2C+R.+Duane&rft.au=Hoskisson%2C+Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DTO5LIILHmcYC%26pg%3DRA1-PA263&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABill+Gates" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMejia2018" class="citation web cs1">Mejia, Zameena (April 29, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnbc.com/2018/04/27/the-no-1-thing-bill-gates-wishes-hed-done-at-harvard.html">"The No. 1 thing Bill Gates wishes he'd done in college"</a>. CNBC. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200303174636/https://www.cnbc.com/2018/04/27/the-no-1-thing-bill-gates-wishes-hed-done-at-harvard.html">Archived</a> from the original on March 3, 2020. Retrieved April 3, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CNBC&rft.atitle=The+No.+1+thing+Bill+Gates+wishes+he%27d+done+in+college&rft.date=2018-04-29&rft.aulast=Mejia&rft.aufirst=Zameena&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnbc.com%2F2018%2F04%2F27%2Fthe-no-1-thing-bill-gates-wishes-hed-done-at-harvard.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABill+Gates" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kestenbaum2008-30"><a href="#cite_ref-Kestenbaum2008_30-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKestenbaum2008" class="citation web cs1">Kestenbaum, David (July 4, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=92236781">"Before Microsoft, Gates solved a pancake problem"</a>. National Public Radio. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110919161456/http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=92236781">Archived</a> from the original on September 19, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Before+Microsoft%2C+Gates+solved+a+pancake+problem&rft.pub=National+Public+Radio&rft.date=2008-07-04&rft.aulast=Kestenbaum&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2Ftemplates%2Fstory%2Fstory.php%3FstoryId%3D92236781&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABill+Gates" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100826084836/http://www.utdallas.edu/news/2008/09/17-002.php">"UT Dallas team bests young Bill Gates with improved answer to so-called pancake problem in mathematics"</a>. University of Texas at Dallas. September 17, 2008. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.utdallas.edu/news/2008/09/17-002.php">the original</a> on August 26, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=UT+Dallas+team+bests+young+Bill+Gates+with+improved+answer+to+so-called+pancake+problem+in+mathematics&rft.pub=University+of+Texas+at+Dallas&rft.date=2008-09-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.utdallas.edu%2Fnews%2F2008%2F09%2F17-002.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABill+Gates" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-gatespapadimitriou-32"><a href="#cite_ref-gatespapadimitriou_32-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGatesPapadimitriou1979" class="citation journal cs1">Gates, William; Papadimitriou, Christos (1979). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2F0012-365X%2879%2990068-2">"Bounds for sorting by prefix reversal"</a>. Discrete Mathematics. 27 (1): 47–57. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2F0012-365X%2879%2990068-2">10.1016/0012-365X(79)90068-2</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0012-365X">0012-365X</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Discrete+Mathematics&rft.atitle=Bounds+for+sorting+by+prefix+reversal&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E47-%3C%2Fspan%3E57&rft.date=1979&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2F0012-365X%2879%2990068-2&rft.issn=0012-365X&rft.aulast=Gates&rft.aufirst=William&rft.au=Papadimitriou%2C+Christos&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1016%252F0012-365X%252879%252990068-2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABill+Gates" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWallace199359-33"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWallace199359_33-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFWallace1993">Wallace 1993</a>, p. 59. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGates199618-34"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGates199618_34-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFGates1996">Gates 1996</a>, p. 18. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGates199619-35"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGates199619_35-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFGates1996">Gates 1996</a>, p. 19. </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KJ4G1RtoKyI&t=53">The History of Microsoft – 1976</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170211023447/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KJ4G1RtoKyI&t=53">Archived</a> February 11, 2017, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>: Bill Gates explaining that his departure from Harvard was reversible if Microsoft had failed. </li> <li id="cite_note-keyevents-37">^ <a href="#cite_ref-keyevents_37-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-keyevents_37-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-keyevents_37-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080226224212/http://download.microsoft.com/download/1/3/0/130dd86a-a196-4700-b577-521c4cf5cec1/key_events_in_microsoft_history.doc">"Microsoft Visitor Center Student Information: Key Events in Microsoft History"</a>. Microsoft. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://download.microsoft.com/download/1/3/0/130dd86a-a196-4700-b577-521c4cf5cec1/key_events_in_microsoft_history.doc">the original</a> (.DOC) on February 26, 2008. Retrieved February 18, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Microsoft+Visitor+Center+Student+Information%3A+Key+Events+in+Microsoft+History&rft.pub=Microsoft&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdownload.microsoft.com%2Fdownload%2F1%2F3%2F0%2F130dd86a-a196-4700-b577-521c4cf5cec1%2Fkey_events_in_microsoft_history.doc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABill+Gates" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-thocp1-38">^ <a href="#cite_ref-thocp1_38-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-thocp1_38-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-thocp1_38-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-thocp1_38-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080514211138/http://www.thocp.net/companies/microsoft/microsoft_company.htm">"Microsoft history"</a>. The History of Computing Project. 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Retrieved March 28, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Rolling+Stone&rft.atitle=Bill+Gates%3A+The+Rolling+Stone+Interview&rft.date=2014-03-13&rft.aulast=Goodell&rft.aufirst=Jeff&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rollingstone.com%2Fculture%2Fnews%2Fbill-gates-the-rolling-stone-interview-20140313%3Fprint%3Dtrue&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABill+Gates" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMack2015" class="citation magazine cs1">Mack, Eric (January 28, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/ericmack/2015/01/28/bill-gates-also-worries-artificial-intelligence-is-a-threat/">"Bill Gates Says You Should Worry About Artificial Intelligence"</a>. 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Retrieved February 19, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forbes&rft.atitle=Bill+Gates+Says+You+Should+Worry+About+Artificial+Intelligence&rft.date=2015-01-28&rft.aulast=Mack&rft.aufirst=Eric&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.forbes.com%2Fsites%2Fericmack%2F2015%2F01%2F28%2Fbill-gates-also-worries-artificial-intelligence-is-a-threat%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABill+Gates" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLumby2015" class="citation web cs1">Lumby, Andrew (January 28, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thefiscaltimes.com/2015/01/28/Bill-Gates-Worried-About-Rise-Machines">"Bill Gates Is Worried About the Rise of the Machines"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Fiscal_Times" title="The Fiscal Times">The Fiscal Times</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150219122609/http://www.thefiscaltimes.com/2015/01/28/Bill-Gates-Worried-About-Rise-Machines">Archived</a> from the original on February 19, 2015. Retrieved February 19, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Fiscal+Times&rft.atitle=Bill+Gates+Is+Worried+About+the+Rise+of+the+Machines&rft.date=2015-01-28&rft.aulast=Lumby&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thefiscaltimes.com%2F2015%2F01%2F28%2FBill-Gates-Worried-About-Rise-Machines&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABill+Gates" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHolley2015" class="citation news cs1">Holley, Peter (March 24, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/the-switch/wp/2015/03/24/apple-co-founder-on-artificial-intelligence-the-future-is-scary-and-very-bad-for-people/">"Apple co-founder on artificial intelligence: 'The future is scary and very bad for people'"</a>. 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Retrieved April 8, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Apple+co-founder+on+artificial+intelligence%3A+%27The+future+is+scary+and+very+bad+for+people%27&rft.date=2015-03-24&rft.aulast=Holley&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fblogs%2Fthe-switch%2Fwp%2F2015%2F03%2F24%2Fapple-co-founder-on-artificial-intelligence-the-future-is-scary-and-very-bad-for-people%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABill+Gates" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://np.reddit.com/r/IAmA/comments/2tzjp7/hi_reddit_im_bill_gates_and_im_back_for_my_third/co3r3g8">"Permalink to an answer from "Hi Reddit, I'm Bill Gates and I'm back for my third AMA. 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Retrieved May 3, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CNBC.com&rft.atitle=Bill+Gates+and+Dr.+Fauci+talk+regularly+%E2%80%94+here%27s+what+they%27re+discussing+now&rft.date=2021-02-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnbc.com%2F2021%2F02%2F11%2Fbill-gates-and-dr-anthony-fauci-talk-regularly-about-covid-pandemic.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABill+Gates" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.barrons.com/articles/bill-gates-cuts-stake-in-autonation-stock-51633732894">"Bill Gates Cuts His Stake in AutoNation Stock"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Barron%27s_(newspaper)" class="mw-redirect" title="Barron's (newspaper)">Barron's</a>. 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The Philanthropy Roundtable. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160211210606/http://www.philanthropyroundtable.org/topic/excellence_in_philanthropy/briefly_noted80">Archived</a> from the original on February 11, 2016. Retrieved March 10, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Philanthropy+Roundtable&rft.atitle=Briefly+Noted+%3C+Excellence+in+Philanthropy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.philanthropyroundtable.org%2Ftopic%2Fexcellence_in_philanthropy%2Fbriefly_noted80&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABill+Gates" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-161"><a href="#cite_ref-161">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.indiaglitz.com/bill-gates-follows-thalapathy-vijays-unique-way-to-help-kerala-flood-victims-tamil-news-219725">"Bill Gates follows Thalapathy Vijay's unique way to help Kerala flood victims – Tamil Movie News"</a>. IndiaGlitz.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180826043918/https://www.indiaglitz.com/bill-gates-follows-thalapathy-vijays-unique-way-to-help-kerala-flood-victims-tamil-news-219725">Archived</a> from the original on August 26, 2018. Retrieved August 25, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=IndiaGlitz.com&rft.atitle=Bill+Gates+follows+Thalapathy+Vijay%27s+unique+way+to+help+Kerala+flood+victims+%E2%80%93+Tamil+Movie+News&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.indiaglitz.com%2Fbill-gates-follows-thalapathy-vijays-unique-way-to-help-kerala-flood-victims-tamil-news-219725&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABill+Gates" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-162"><a href="#cite_ref-162">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBrueck" class="citation news cs1">Brueck, Hilary. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.entrepreneur.com/article/314586">"Bill Gates Is Giving Away Free Copies of One of the Most Important Books He's Read to All College Graduates – Here's How to Get Yours"</a>. Entrepreneur. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210517095019/https://www.entrepreneur.com/article/314586">Archived</a> from the original on May 17, 2021. Retrieved July 21, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Entrepreneur&rft.atitle=Bill+Gates+Is+Giving+Away+Free+Copies+of+One+of+the+Most+Important+Books+He%27s+Read+to+All+College+Graduates+%E2%80%93+Here%27s+How+to+Get+Yours&rft.aulast=Brueck&rft.aufirst=Hilary&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.entrepreneur.com%2Farticle%2F314586&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABill+Gates" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-163"><a href="#cite_ref-163">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGates_Notes2021" class="citation web cs1">Gates Notes (October 25, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/every-college-and-university-student-around-the-world-can-now-receive-a-free-digital-copy-of-bill-gates-book-how-to-avoid-a-climate-disaster-301406972.html">"Every College and University Student Around the World Can Now Receive a Free Digital Copy of Bill Gates' Book How to Avoid a Climate Disaster"</a>. prnewswire. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220721211538/https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/every-college-and-university-student-around-the-world-can-now-receive-a-free-digital-copy-of-bill-gates-book-how-to-avoid-a-climate-disaster-301406972.html">Archived</a> from the original on July 21, 2022. Retrieved July 21, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=prnewswire&rft.atitle=Every+College+and+University+Student+Around+the+World+Can+Now+Receive+a+Free+Digital+Copy+of+Bill+Gates%27+Book+How+to+Avoid+a+Climate+Disaster&rft.date=2021-10-25&rft.au=Gates+Notes&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.prnewswire.com%2Fnews-releases%2Fevery-college-and-university-student-around-the-world-can-now-receive-a-free-digital-copy-of-bill-gates-book-how-to-avoid-a-climate-disaster-301406972.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABill+Gates" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-164"><a href="#cite_ref-164">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLui2021" class="citation news cs1">Lui, Herbert (October 2, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fastcompany.com/90682027/why-bill-gates-gave-away-4-million-copies-of-this-book-to-future-leaders">"Why Bill Gates gave away 4 million copies of this book to future leaders"</a>. Fast Company. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220721214225/https://www.fastcompany.com/90682027/why-bill-gates-gave-away-4-million-copies-of-this-book-to-future-leaders">Archived</a> from the original on July 21, 2022. Retrieved July 21, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Fast+Company&rft.atitle=Why+Bill+Gates+gave+away+4+million+copies+of+this+book+to+future+leaders&rft.date=2021-10-02&rft.aulast=Lui&rft.aufirst=Herbert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fastcompany.com%2F90682027%2Fwhy-bill-gates-gave-away-4-million-copies-of-this-book-to-future-leaders&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABill+Gates" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-165"><a href="#cite_ref-165">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/bill-and-melinda-gates-free-textbooks/">"Are Bill and Melinda Gates Giving Away Free College Textbooks?"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Snopes" title="Snopes">Snopes</a>. August 24, 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221013145202/https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/bill-and-melinda-gates-free-textbooks/">Archived</a> from the original on October 13, 2022. Retrieved July 21, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Snopes&rft.atitle=Are+Bill+and+Melinda+Gates+Giving+Away+Free+College+Textbooks%3F&rft.date=2016-08-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.snopes.com%2Ffact-check%2Fbill-and-melinda-gates-free-textbooks%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABill+Gates" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-166"><a href="#cite_ref-166">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBekiempis2022" class="citation web cs1">Bekiempis, Victoria (July 15, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2022/jul/15/bill-gates-billions-fotune-donate-foundation">"Bill Gates pledges to donate 'virtually all' of $113bn fortune to his foundation"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221216134302/https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2022/jul/15/bill-gates-billions-fotune-donate-foundation">Archived</a> from the original on December 16, 2022. Retrieved March 13, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Bill+Gates+pledges+to+donate+%27virtually+all%27+of+%24113bn+fortune+to+his+foundation&rft.date=2022-07-15&rft.aulast=Bekiempis&rft.aufirst=Victoria&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fus-news%2F2022%2Fjul%2F15%2Fbill-gates-billions-fotune-donate-foundation&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABill+Gates" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-167"><a href="#cite_ref-167">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.geekwire.com/2017/live-blog-bill-gates-roger-federer-play-tennis-charity-seattle/">"Live blog: Bill Gates and Roger Federer play tennis for charity in Seattle"</a>. April 30, 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170501032244/https://www.geekwire.com/2017/live-blog-bill-gates-roger-federer-play-tennis-charity-seattle/">Archived</a> from the original on May 1, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Live+blog%3A+Bill+Gates+and+Roger+Federer+play+tennis+for+charity+in+Seattle&rft.date=2017-04-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.geekwire.com%2F2017%2Flive-blog-bill-gates-roger-federer-play-tennis-charity-seattle%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABill+Gates" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-match4-168"><a href="#cite_ref-match4_168-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tennis.com/pro-game/2017/04/match-4-africa-federer-isner-bill-gates-mccready-charity/65754/">"Match For Africa 4 a Huge Hit for Federer's Foundation"</a>. Tennis.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170504100023/http://www.tennis.com/pro-game/2017/04/match-4-africa-federer-isner-bill-gates-mccready-charity/65754/">Archived</a> from the original on May 4, 2017. Retrieved May 16, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Tennis.com&rft.atitle=Match+For+Africa+4+a+Huge+Hit+for+Federer%27s+Foundation&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tennis.com%2Fpro-game%2F2017%2F04%2Fmatch-4-africa-federer-isner-bill-gates-mccready-charity%2F65754%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABill+Gates" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-match5-169"><a href="#cite_ref-match5_169-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tennis.com/pro-game/2018/03/roger-federers-match-africa-raises-more-25-million-jack-sock-bill-gates-charity/72548/">"Roger Federer's Match For Africa Raises More Than $2.5 Million"</a>. Tennis.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180308030056/http://www.tennis.com/pro-game/2018/03/roger-federers-match-africa-raises-more-25-million-jack-sock-bill-gates-charity/72548/">Archived</a> from the original on March 8, 2018. Retrieved May 16, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Tennis.com&rft.atitle=Roger+Federer%27s+Match+For+Africa+Raises+More+Than+%242.5+Million&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tennis.com%2Fpro-game%2F2018%2F03%2Froger-federers-match-africa-raises-more-25-million-jack-sock-bill-gates-charity%2F72548%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABill+Gates" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-170"><a href="#cite_ref-170">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGatesHalvorsonRygmyr1989" class="citation book cs1">Gates, Bill; Halvorson, Michael; Rygmyr, David (1989). Learn BASIC Now. Redmond, WA: Microsoft Press. pp. ix–x.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Learn+BASIC+Now&rft.place=Redmond%2C+WA&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3Eix-%3C%2Fspan%3Ex&rft.pub=Microsoft+Press&rft.date=1989&rft.aulast=Gates&rft.aufirst=Bill&rft.au=Halvorson%2C+Michael&rft.au=Rygmyr%2C+David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABill+Gates" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gates2021-171"><a href="#cite_ref-Gates2021_171-0">^</a> Gates, Bill (2021). How to Avoid a Climate Disaster: The Solutions We Have and the Breakthroughs We Need. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=pHK0DwAAQBAJ">Description</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230404184213/https://books.google.com/books?id=pHK0DwAAQBAJ">Archived</a> April 4, 2023, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> & <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=pHK0DwAAQBAJ">arrowed/scrollable preview.</a> Knopf. Retrieved April 26, 2021. </li> <li id="cite_note-172"><a href="#cite_ref-172">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFVaughan2022" class="citation web cs1">Vaughan, Adam (May 2, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newscientist.com/article/2318203-how-to-prevent-the-next-pandemic-review-bill-gatess-timely-blueprint/">"How to Prevent the Next Pandemic review: Bill Gates's timely blueprint"</a>. New Scientist. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220502214215/https://www.newscientist.com/article/2318203-how-to-prevent-the-next-pandemic-review-bill-gatess-timely-blueprint/">Archived</a> from the original on May 2, 2022. Retrieved May 5, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=New+Scientist&rft.atitle=How+to+Prevent+the+Next+Pandemic+review%3A+Bill+Gates%27s+timely+blueprint&rft.date=2022-05-02&rft.aulast=Vaughan&rft.aufirst=Adam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newscientist.com%2Farticle%2F2318203-how-to-prevent-the-next-pandemic-review-bill-gatess-timely-blueprint%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABill+Gates" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-173"><a href="#cite_ref-173">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHorton2022" class="citation journal cs1">Horton, Richard (May 14, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0140-6736%2822%2900874-1">"Offline: Bill Gates and the fate of WHO"</a>. The Lancet. 399 (10338): 1853. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0140-6736%2822%2900874-1">10.1016/S0140-6736(22)00874-1</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0140-6736">0140-6736</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35569450">35569450</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:248726392">248726392</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Lancet&rft.atitle=Offline%3A+Bill+Gates+and+the+fate+of+WHO&rft.volume=399&rft.issue=10338&rft.pages=1853&rft.date=2022-05-14&rft.issn=0140-6736&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A248726392%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F35569450&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FS0140-6736%2822%2900874-1&rft.aulast=Horton&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1016%252FS0140-6736%252822%252900874-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABill+Gates" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-PenguinUK-174"><a href="#cite_ref-PenguinUK_174-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.penguin.co.uk/books/468308/source-code-by-gates-bill/9780241736678">"Source Code"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Penguin_Books" title="Penguin Books">Penguin Books</a>. Retrieved January 3, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Source+Code&rft.pub=Penguin+Books&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.penguin.co.uk%2Fbooks%2F468308%2Fsource-code-by-gates-bill%2F9780241736678&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABill+Gates" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-175"><a href="#cite_ref-175">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPaterson2000" class="citation news cs1">Paterson, Thane (June 13, 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080501175753/http://www.businessweek.com/bwdaily/dnflash/june2000/nf00613b.htm">""He had come a long way to this blue lawn and his dream must have seemed so close he could hardly fail to grasp it" (Advice for Bill Gates: A Little Culture Wouldn't Hurt)"</a>. Business Week. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.businessweek.com/bwdaily/dnflash/june2000/nf00613b.htm">the original</a> on May 1, 2008. Retrieved April 28, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Business+Week&rft.atitle=%22He+had+come+a+long+way+to+this+blue+lawn+and+his+dream+must+have+seemed+so+close+he+could+hardly+fail+to+grasp+it%22+%28Advice+for+Bill+Gates%3A+A+Little+Culture+Wouldn%27t+Hurt%29&rft.date=2000-06-13&rft.aulast=Paterson&rft.aufirst=Thane&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.businessweek.com%2Fbwdaily%2Fdnflash%2Fjune2000%2Fnf00613b.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABill+Gates" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-176"><a href="#cite_ref-176">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGates2022" class="citation web cs1">Gates, Bill (2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.linkedin.com/feed/update/urn:li:activity:6943628912300101632/">"I was recently asked what advice I would give to young people who want to make a positive impact on the world"</a>. LinkedIn. <a href="/wiki/LinkedIn" title="LinkedIn">LinkedIn</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220619070917/https://www.linkedin.com/feed/update/urn:li:activity:6943628912300101632/">Archived</a> from the original on June 19, 2022. Retrieved June 19, 2022. <q>My advice is simple: Read a lot and discover a skill you enjoy</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=LinkedIn&rft.atitle=I+was+recently+asked+what+advice+I+would+give+to+young+people+who+want+to+make+a+positive+impact+on+the+world&rft.date=2022&rft.aulast=Gates&rft.aufirst=Bill&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.linkedin.com%2Ffeed%2Fupdate%2Furn%3Ali%3Aactivity%3A6943628912300101632%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABill+Gates" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-177"><a href="#cite_ref-177">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080828034654/http://www.microsoft.com/presspass/exec/billg/default.aspx?tab=biography">"Bill Gates: Chairman"</a>. Microsoft Corporation. 2008. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.time.com/time/gates/gates5.html">the original</a> on June 19, 2000. Retrieved March 31, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=The+Gates+Operating+System&rft.date=1997-01-13&rft.aulast=Isaacson&rft.aufirst=Walter&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.time.com%2Ftime%2Fgates%2Fgates5.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABill+Gates" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-243"><a href="#cite_ref-243">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBank1999" class="citation web cs1">Bank, David (February 1, 1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160416032811/http://www.breakingwindows.net/1link3.htm">"Breaking Windows"</a>. The Wall Street Journal. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.breakingwindows.net/1link3.htm">the original</a> on April 16, 2016. Retrieved March 31, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Wall+Street+Journal&rft.atitle=Breaking+Windows&rft.date=1999-02-01&rft.aulast=Bank&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.breakingwindows.net%2F1link3.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABill+Gates" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-smith20230226-244"><a href="#cite_ref-smith20230226_244-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSmith2023" class="citation magazine cs1">Smith, Matthew S. (February 26, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://spectrum.ieee.org/microsoft-flight-simulator">"Flight Simulator Gave Birth to 3D Video-Game Graphics"</a>. IEEE Spectrum. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230227112044/https://spectrum.ieee.org/microsoft-flight-simulator">Archived</a> from the original on February 27, 2023. Retrieved February 28, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=IEEE+Spectrum&rft.atitle=Flight+Simulator+Gave+Birth+to+3D+Video-Game+Graphics&rft.date=2023-02-26&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Matthew+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fspectrum.ieee.org%2Fmicrosoft-flight-simulator&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABill+Gates" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-chapman-245"><a href="#cite_ref-chapman_245-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFChapman2008" class="citation news cs1">Chapman, Glenn (June 27, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080630070506/http://afp.google.com/article/ALeqM5i8aV1bK5vmwLaw9wYr9nY5bFc4YA">"Bill Gates Signs Off"</a>. Agence France-Presse. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://afp.google.com/article/ALeqM5i8aV1bK5vmwLaw9wYr9nY5bFc4YA">the original</a> on June 30, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Bill+Gates+Signs+Off&rft.date=2008-06-27&rft.aulast=Chapman&rft.aufirst=Glenn&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fafp.google.com%2Farticle%2FALeqM5i8aV1bK5vmwLaw9wYr9nY5bFc4YA&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABill+Gates" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-herbold-246"><a href="#cite_ref-herbold_246-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHerbold2004" class="citation book cs1">Herbold, Robert (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/fiefdomsyndromet00herb">The Fiefdom Syndrome: The Turf Battles That Undermine Careers and Companies – And How to Overcome Them</a>. Currency Doubleday. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-385-51067-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-385-51067-5"><bdi>0-385-51067-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Fiefdom+Syndrome%3A+The+Turf+Battles+That+Undermine+Careers+and+Companies+%E2%80%93+And+How+to+Overcome+Them&rft.pub=Currency+Doubleday&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=0-385-51067-5&rft.aulast=Herbold&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ffiefdomsyndromet00herb&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABill+Gates" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Flitter-2019-247">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Flitter-2019_247-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Flitter-2019_247-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Flitter-2019_247-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFlitterStewart2019" class="citation web cs1">Flitter, Emily; Stewart, James B. (October 12, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220101/https://www.nytimes.com/2019/10/12/business/jeffrey-epstein-bill-gates.html">"Bill Gates Met With Jeffrey Epstein Many Times, Despite His Past"</a>. The New York Times. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2019/10/12/business/jeffrey-epstein-bill-gates.html">the original</a> on January 1, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Bill+Gates+Met+With+Jeffrey+Epstein+Many+Times%2C+Despite+His+Past&rft.date=2019-10-12&rft.aulast=Flitter&rft.aufirst=Emily&rft.au=Stewart%2C+James+B.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2019%2F10%2F12%2Fbusiness%2Fjeffrey-epstein-bill-gates.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABill+Gates" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Guardian-248">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Guardian_248-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Guardian_248-1">b</a> Martin Pengelly & Rupert Neate (May 10, 2021), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2021/may/10/melinda-bill-gates-divorce-jeffrey-epstein-meetings">"Melinda Gates began divorce moves at time Bill's meetings with Jeffrey Epstein revealed"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210511000431/https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2021/may/10/melinda-bill-gates-divorce-jeffrey-epstein-meetings">Archived</a> May 11, 2021, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, The Guardian: "Her meeting with divorce lawyers in October 2019 is said to have taken place at roughly the same time as a New York Times article detailed Bill's meetings with Epstein, which included an overnight stay at Epstein's New York mansion." </li> <li id="cite_note-249"><a href="#cite_ref-249">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFNorton2023" class="citation web cs1">Norton, Tom (February 20, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newsweek.com/fact-check-did-bill-gates-visit-epstein-island-37-times-1782440">"Fact Check: Did Bill Gates visit Epstein island 37 times?"</a>. Newsweek. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231114133718/https://www.newsweek.com/fact-check-did-bill-gates-visit-epstein-island-37-times-1782440">Archived</a> from the original on November 14, 2023. Retrieved November 14, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Newsweek&rft.atitle=Fact+Check%3A+Did+Bill+Gates+visit+Epstein+island+37+times%3F&rft.date=2023-02-20&rft.aulast=Norton&rft.aufirst=Tom&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newsweek.com%2Ffact-check-did-bill-gates-visit-epstein-island-37-times-1782440&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABill+Gates" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-250"><a href="#cite_ref-250">^</a> Tore Gjerstad & Gard Oterholm (October 2, 2020), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dn.no/magasinet/dokumentar/jeffrey-epstein/thorbjorn-jagland/terje-rod-larsen/bill-gates-and-jeffrey-epstein-met-with-nobel-committee-chair/2-1-885834">"Bill Gates and Jeffrey Epstein met with Nobel Committee chair"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220923141554/https://www.dn.no/magasinet/dokumentar/jeffrey-epstein/thorbjorn-jagland/terje-rod-larsen/bill-gates-and-jeffrey-epstein-met-with-nobel-committee-chair/2-1-885834">Archived</a> September 23, 2022, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dagens_N%C3%A6ringsliv" title="Dagens Næringsliv">Dagens Næringsliv</a> Magasinet: "Not only did <a href="/wiki/Thorbj%C3%B8rn_Jagland" title="Thorbjørn Jagland">[Thorbjørn] Jagland</a> meet Epstein, he hosted him at his lavish residence in <a href="/wiki/Strasbourg,_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Strasbourg, France">Strasbourg, France</a>. At the time, Jagland was the sitting chair of the committee, which awards the prestigious <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="Nobel Peace Prize">Nobel Peace Prize</a>. Also present: a <a href="/wiki/Philanthropist" class="mw-redirect" title="Philanthropist">philanthropist</a> [Gates] touted as a possible Prize recipient." </li> <li id="cite_note-251"><a href="#cite_ref-251">^</a> (October 2013), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gatesfoundation.org/about/committed-grants/2013/10/opp1100586">"International Peace Institute, Inc."</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220923141600/https://www.gatesfoundation.org/about/committed-grants/2013/10/opp1100586">Archived</a> September 23, 2022, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation </li> <li id="cite_note-252"><a href="#cite_ref-252">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSafdarGlazer2023" class="citation news cs1">Safdar, Khadeeja; Glazer, Emily (May 21, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/jeffrey-epstein-bill-gates-affair-russian-bridge-player-8b2022ff">"Jeffrey Epstein Appeared to Threaten Bill Gates Over Microsoft Co-Founder's Affair With Russian Bridge Player"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal" title="The Wall Street Journal">The Wall Street Journal</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0099-9660">0099-9660</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230522002146/https://www.wsj.com/articles/jeffrey-epstein-bill-gates-affair-russian-bridge-player-8b2022ff">Archived</a> from the original on May 22, 2023. Retrieved May 22, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Wall+Street+Journal&rft.atitle=Jeffrey+Epstein+Appeared+to+Threaten+Bill+Gates+Over+Microsoft+Co-Founder%27s+Affair+With+Russian+Bridge+Player&rft.date=2023-05-21&rft.issn=0099-9660&rft.aulast=Safdar&rft.aufirst=Khadeeja&rft.au=Glazer%2C+Emily&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wsj.com%2Farticles%2Fjeffrey-epstein-bill-gates-affair-russian-bridge-player-8b2022ff&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABill+Gates" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-253"><a href="#cite_ref-253">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGrossman2005" class="citation magazine cs1">Grossman, Lev (April 18, 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://content.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,1972656_1972717_1974038,00.html">"The 2005 Time 100"</a>. Time. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0040-781X">0040-781X</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211020140651/http://content.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,1972656_1972717_1974038,00.html">Archived</a> from the original on October 20, 2021. Retrieved November 2, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=The+2005+Time+100&rft.date=2005-04-18&rft.issn=0040-781X&rft.aulast=Grossman&rft.aufirst=Lev&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.time.com%2Ftime%2Fspecials%2Fpackages%2Farticle%2F0%2C28804%2C1972656_1972717_1974038%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABill+Gates" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-254"><a href="#cite_ref-254">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLesinski2006">Lesinski 2006</a>, p. 102 </li> <li id="cite_note-255"><a href="#cite_ref-255">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCowley,_Jason2006" class="citation news cs1">Cowley, Jason (June 22, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071231104453/http://www.newstatesman.com/200605220016">"Heroes of our time – the top 50"</a>. New Statesman. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newstatesman.com/200605220016">the original</a> on December 31, 2007. Retrieved February 17, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+Statesman&rft.atitle=Heroes+of+our+time+%E2%80%93+the+top+50&rft.date=2006-06-22&rft.au=Cowley%2C+Jason&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newstatesman.com%2F200605220016&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABill+Gates" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-256"><a href="#cite_ref-256">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/457951.stm">"Gates 'second only to Blair'"</a>. BBC News. September 26, 1999. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081229025050/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/457951.stm">Archived</a> from the original on December 29, 2008. Retrieved March 30, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Gates+%27second+only+to+Blair%27&rft.date=1999-09-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fuk%2F457951.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABill+Gates" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-257"><a href="#cite_ref-257">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.computable.nl/artikel/nieuws/ict-branche/204797/250449/gates-krijgt-eredoctoraat-nijenrode.html">"Gates krijgt eredoctoraat Nijenrode"</a> (in Dutch). Computable. November 4, 1996. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211231231033/https://www.computable.nl/artikel/nieuws/ict-branche/204797/250449/gates-krijgt-eredoctoraat-nijenrode.html">Archived</a> from the original on December 31, 2021. Retrieved January 1, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Gates+krijgt+eredoctoraat+Nijenrode&rft.date=1996-11-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.computable.nl%2Fartikel%2Fnieuws%2Fict-branche%2F204797%2F250449%2Fgates-krijgt-eredoctoraat-nijenrode.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABill+Gates" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-258"><a href="#cite_ref-258">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kth.se/en/om/fakta/fame/hedersdoktorer/hedersdoktorer-vid-kth-1.3974">"Honorary doctors at KTH"</a>. About KTH. 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Retrieved November 21, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Business+Insider&rft.atitle=In+1983%2C+Steve+Jobs+Hosted+Apple%27s+Version+Of+%27The+Dating+Game%27+And+Bill+Gates+Was+A+Contestant&rft.date=2013-11-24&rft.aulast=Moss&rft.aufirst=Caroline&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.businessinsider.com%2Fbill-gates-and-steve-jobs-on-the-dating-game-in-1983-2013-11&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABill+Gates" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-292"><a href="#cite_ref-292">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cchem.berkeley.edu/extras/timeline/">"College of Chemistry Timeline"</a>. <a href="/wiki/UC_Berkeley" class="mw-redirect" title="UC Berkeley">UC Berkeley</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180519164654/http://www.cchem.berkeley.edu/extras/timeline/">Archived</a> from the original on May 19, 2018. Retrieved July 21, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UC+Berkeley&rft.atitle=College+of+Chemistry+Timeline&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cchem.berkeley.edu%2Fextras%2Ftimeline%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABill+Gates" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-YouTube=R7x7W4zaroM-293"><a href="#cite_ref-YouTube=R7x7W4zaroM_293-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation audio-visual cs1">Bernt Wahl (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R7x7W4zaroM">Bill Gates at BMUG meeting 1991 (c) Bernt Wahl</a>. 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Retrieved July 2, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=TED.com&rft.atitle=Bill+Gates%27+TED+talks&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ted.com%2Fspeakers%2Fbill_gates&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABill+Gates" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-297"><a href="#cite_ref-297">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b06z1zdt">"BBC Radio 4 – Desert Island Discs, Bill Gates"</a>. BBC. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160320092444/http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b06z1zdt">Archived</a> from the original on March 20, 2016. Retrieved March 29, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC&rft.atitle=BBC+Radio+4+%E2%80%93+Desert+Island+Discs%2C+Bill+Gates&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fprogrammes%2Fb06z1zdt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABill+Gates" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-298"><a href="#cite_ref-298">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.zdnet.com/article/gates-in-frasier-guest-spot/">"Gates in 'Frasier' guest spot"</a>. ZDNET. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240126065340/https://www.zdnet.com/article/gates-in-frasier-guest-spot/">Archived</a> from the original on January 26, 2024. Retrieved January 26, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ZDNET&rft.atitle=Gates+in+%27Frasier%27+guest+spot&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.zdnet.com%2Farticle%2Fgates-in-frasier-guest-spot%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABill+Gates" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-299"><a href="#cite_ref-299">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLerman2018" class="citation news cs1">Lerman, Rachel (March 27, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.seattletimes.com/business/microsoft/bill-gates-to-guest-star-on-the-big-bang-theory/">"Bill Gates to guest star on geeky 'The Big Bang Theory'"</a>. The Seattle Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190226050057/https://www.seattletimes.com/business/microsoft/bill-gates-to-guest-star-on-the-big-bang-theory/">Archived</a> from the original on February 26, 2019. Retrieved February 25, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Seattle+Times&rft.atitle=Bill+Gates+to+guest+star+on+geeky+%27The+Big+Bang+Theory%27&rft.date=2018-03-27&rft.aulast=Lerman&rft.aufirst=Rachel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.seattletimes.com%2Fbusiness%2Fmicrosoft%2Fbill-gates-to-guest-star-on-the-big-bang-theory%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABill+Gates" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-300"><a href="#cite_ref-300">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.geekwire.com/2019/big-fan-bill-gates-makes-appearance-silicon-valley-series-finale-hbo-comedy-logs-off/">"'Big fan' Bill Gates makes appearance in 'Silicon Valley' series finale as HBO comedy logs off"</a>. December 9, 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191209223844/https://www.geekwire.com/2019/big-fan-bill-gates-makes-appearance-silicon-valley-series-finale-hbo-comedy-logs-off/">Archived</a> from the original on December 9, 2019. Retrieved May 8, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%27Big+fan%27+Bill+Gates+makes+appearance+in+%27Silicon+Valley%27+series+finale+as+HBO+comedy+logs+off&rft.date=2019-12-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.geekwire.com%2F2019%2Fbig-fan-bill-gates-makes-appearance-silicon-valley-series-finale-hbo-comedy-logs-off%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABill+Gates" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-301"><a href="#cite_ref-301">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/iplayer/episode/m001hsl1/amol-rajan-interviews-bill-gates">"Amol Rajan Interviews: Bill Gates"</a>. BBC. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230220014709/https://www.bbc.co.uk/iplayer/episode/m001hsl1/amol-rajan-interviews-bill-gates">Archived</a> from the original on February 20, 2023. Retrieved February 20, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC&rft.atitle=Amol+Rajan+Interviews%3A+Bill+Gates&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fiplayer%2Fepisode%2Fm001hsl1%2Famol-rajan-interviews-bill-gates&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABill+Gates" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-302"><a href="#cite_ref-302">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.channel4.com/programmes/the-billionaires-who-made-our-world/on-demand/72330-002">"The Billionaires Who Made Our World: Bill Gates"</a>. Channel 4. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230220115531/https://www.channel4.com/programmes/the-billionaires-who-made-our-world/on-demand/72330-002">Archived</a> from the original on February 20, 2023. Retrieved February 20, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Billionaires+Who+Made+Our+World%3A+Bill+Gates&rft.pub=Channel+4&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.channel4.com%2Fprogrammes%2Fthe-billionaires-who-made-our-world%2Fon-demand%2F72330-002&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABill+Gates" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h3></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFridson2001" class="citation book cs1">Fridson, Martin (2001). How to Be a Billionaire: Proven Strategies from the Titans of Wealth. <a href="/wiki/John_Wiley_%26_Sons" class="mw-redirect" title="John Wiley & Sons">John Wiley & Sons</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-471-41617-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-471-41617-7"><bdi>0-471-41617-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=How+to+Be+a+Billionaire%3A+Proven+Strategies+from+the+Titans+of+Wealth&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=0-471-41617-7&rft.aulast=Fridson&rft.aufirst=Martin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABill+Gates" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGates1996" class="citation book cs1">Gates, Bill (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/roadahead00gate_1">The Road Ahead</a>. <a href="/wiki/Penguin_Books" title="Penguin Books">Penguin Books</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-14-026040-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-14-026040-4"><bdi>0-14-026040-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Road+Ahead&rft.pub=Penguin+Books&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=0-14-026040-4&rft.aulast=Gates&rft.aufirst=Bill&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Froadahead00gate_1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABill+Gates" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLesinski2006" class="citation book cs1">Lesinski, Jeanne M. (2006). Bill Gates (biography). <a href="/wiki/A%26E_Television_Networks" class="mw-redirect" title="A&E Television Networks">A&E Television Networks</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8225-7027-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-8225-7027-0"><bdi>0-8225-7027-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bill+Gates&rft.pub=A%26E+Television+Networks&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=0-8225-7027-0&rft.aulast=Lesinski&rft.aufirst=Jeanne+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABill+Gates" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFManes1994" class="citation book cs1">Manes, Stephen (1994). Gates: How Microsoft's Mogul Reinvented an Industry and Made Himself the Richest Man in America. <a href="/wiki/Touchstone_Pictures" title="Touchstone Pictures">Touchstone Pictures</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-671-88074-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-671-88074-8"><bdi>0-671-88074-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gates%3A+How+Microsoft%27s+Mogul+Reinvented+an+Industry+and+Made+Himself+the+Richest+Man+in+America&rft.pub=Touchstone+Pictures&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=0-671-88074-8&rft.aulast=Manes&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABill+Gates" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWallace1993" class="citation book cs1">Wallace, James (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/harddrivebillgat00wall_0">Hard Drive: Bill Gates and the Making of the Microsoft Empire</a>. New York: HarperCollins Publishers. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-471-56886-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-471-56886-4"><bdi>0-471-56886-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hard+Drive%3A+Bill+Gates+and+the+Making+of+the+Microsoft+Empire&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=HarperCollins+Publishers&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=0-471-56886-4&rft.aulast=Wallace&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fharddrivebillgat00wall_0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABill+Gates" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Primary_sources">Primary sources</h3></div> <ul><li>Gates, Bill (2024). "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/2024/01/16/tech/bill-gates-ai-gps-interview/index.html">Bill Gates Explains How AI Will Change Our Lives in 5 Years</a>". CNN.</li> <li>Gates, Bill (2013). "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191102112703/http://www.nicoleguihaume.eu/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/An-exclusive-interview-with-Bill-Gates.pdf">An Exclusive Interview with Bill Gates</a>". Financial Times 1.</li> <li>Gates, Bill. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191102112703/http://www.mountbatteninstitute.org/docs/Bill_Gates_Harvard_Commencement_Address.Pdf">Remarks of Bill Gates, Harvard Commencement 2007</a>". <a href="/wiki/The_Harvard_Gazette" class="mw-redirect" title="The Harvard Gazette">The Harvard Gazette</a> 7 (2007).</li> <li>Kinsley, Michael, and Conor Clarke, Eds. Creative Capitalism: A Conversation with Bill Gates, Warren Buffett, and Other Economic Leaders (Simon and Schuster, 2009).</li> <li>National Museum of American History. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://americanhistory.si.edu/comphist/gates.htm">Bill Gates Interview</a>".</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBank2001" class="citation book cs1">Bank, David (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/breakingwindowsh00bank">Breaking Windows: How Bill Gates Fumbled the Future of Microsoft</a>. New York: Free Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7432-0315-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-7432-0315-1"><bdi>0-7432-0315-1</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/46634139">46634139</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Breaking+Windows%3A+How+Bill+Gates+Fumbled+the+Future+of+Microsoft&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Free+Press&rft.date=2001&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F46634139&rft.isbn=0-7432-0315-1&rft.aulast=Bank&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbreakingwindowsh00bank&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABill+Gates" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.economist.com/node/11622119">"The Meaning of Bill Gates: As His Reign at Microsoft Comes to an End, so Does the Era He Dominated"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Economist" title="The Economist">The Economist</a>. June 28, 2008. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101029233737/https://www.economist.com/node/11622119">Archived</a> from the original on October 29, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Economist&rft.atitle=The+Meaning+of+Bill+Gates%3A+As+His+Reign+at+Microsoft+Comes+to+an+End%2C+so+Does+the+Era+He+Dominated&rft.date=2008-06-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.economist.com%2Fnode%2F11622119&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABill+Gates" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKildall2004" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Gary_Kildall" title="Gary Kildall">Kildall, Gary</a> (October 25, 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060404211733/http://www.businessweek.com/magazine/content/04_43/b3905109_mz063.htm">"The Man Who Could Have Been Bill Gates"</a>. Bloomberg BusinessWeek. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.businessweek.com/magazine/content/04_43/b3905109_mz063.htm">the original</a> on April 4, 2006. Retrieved June 9, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bloomberg+BusinessWeek&rft.atitle=The+Man+Who+Could+Have+Been+Bill+Gates&rft.date=2004-10-25&rft.aulast=Kildall&rft.aufirst=Gary&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.businessweek.com%2Fmagazine%2Fcontent%2F04_43%2Fb3905109_mz063.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABill+Gates" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLeibovich2002" class="citation book cs1">Leibovich, Mark (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/newimperialists00mark">The New Imperialists</a>. Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Prentice Hall. pp. [ 139–182]. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780735203174" title="Special:BookSources/9780735203174"><bdi>9780735203174</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/47990010">47990010</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+New+Imperialists&rft.place=Upper+Saddle+River%2C+N.J.&rft.pages=+139-182&rft.pub=Prentice+Hall&rft.date=2002&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F47990010&rft.isbn=9780735203174&rft.aulast=Leibovich&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fnewimperialists00mark&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABill+Gates" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRivlin1999" class="citation book cs1">Rivlin, Gary (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/plottogetbillgat00rivl">The Plot to Get Bill Gates: An Irreverent Investigation of the World's Richest Man... and the People Who Hate Him</a>. New York: Times Business. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8129-3006-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-8129-3006-1"><bdi>0-8129-3006-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Plot+to+Get+Bill+Gates%3A+An+Irreverent+Investigation+of+the+World%27s+Richest+Man...+and+the+People+Who+Hate+Him&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Times+Business&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=0-8129-3006-1&rft.aulast=Rivlin&rft.aufirst=Gary&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fplottogetbillgat00rivl&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABill+Gates" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWallace1997" class="citation book cs1">Wallace, James (1997). Overdrive: Bill Gates and the Race to Control Cyberspace. New York: John Wiley & Sons. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780471180418" title="Special:BookSources/9780471180418"><bdi>9780471180418</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/36201264">36201264</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Overdrive%3A+Bill+Gates+and+the+Race+to+Control+Cyberspace&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.date=1997&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F36201264&rft.isbn=9780471180418&rft.aulast=Wallace&rft.aufirst=James&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABill+Gates" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100822154638/http://www.wired.com/wired/archive/6.12/microsoft.html">"83 Reasons Why Bill Gates's Reign Is Over"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Wired_(magazine)" title="Wired (magazine)">Wired</a>. Vol. 6, no. 12. December 1998. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wired.com/wired/archive/6.12/microsoft.html">the original</a> on August 22, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wired&rft.atitle=83+Reasons+Why+Bill+Gates%27s+Reign+Is+Over&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=12&rft.date=1998-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wired.com%2Fwired%2Farchive%2F6.12%2Fmicrosoft.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABill+Gates" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gatesnotes.com">Official website</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gatesfoundation.org">Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.c-span.org/person/?28852">Appearances</a> on <a href="/wiki/C-SPAN" title="C-SPAN">C-SPAN</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0309540/">Bill Gates</a> at <a href="/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="IMDb (identifier)">IMDb</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ted.com/speakers/bill_gates">Bill Gates</a> at <a href="/wiki/TED_(conference)" title="TED (conference)">TED</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5284#P2611" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.forbes.com/profile/bill-gates/">Forbes profile</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Bill_Gates291" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Bill_Gates" title="Template:Bill Gates"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Bill_Gates" title="Template talk:Bill Gates"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Bill_Gates" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Bill Gates"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Bill_Gates291" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bill Gates</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Career</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Microsoft" title="History of Microsoft">history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Allen" title="Paul Allen">Paul Allen</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_%26_Melinda_Gates_Foundation" class="mw-redirect" title="Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation">Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation</a> (<a href="/wiki/Coalition_for_Epidemic_Preparedness_Innovations" title="Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations">CEPI</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Branded_Entertainment_Network" class="mw-redirect" title="Branded Entertainment Network">Corbis (BEN)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cascade_Investment" title="Cascade Investment">Cascade Investment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_v._Microsoft_Corp." title="United States v. Microsoft Corp.">United States v. Microsoft antitrust case</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TerraPower" title="TerraPower">TerraPower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gates_Ventures" title="Gates Ventures">Gates Ventures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Big_History_Project" class="mw-redirect" title="Big History Project">Big History Project</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breakthrough_Energy" title="Breakthrough Energy">Breakthrough Energy</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bill_Gates_June_2015.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Bill_Gates_June_2015.jpg/120px-Bill_Gates_June_2015.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Bill_Gates_June_2015.jpg/250px-Bill_Gates_June_2015.jpg 2x" data-file-width="996" data-file-height="1408" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Writings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Open_Letter_to_Hobbyists" class="mw-redirect" title="Open Letter to Hobbyists">Open Letter to Hobbyists</a>" (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Road_Ahead_(Gates_book)" title="The Road Ahead (Gates book)">The Road Ahead</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Business_@_the_Speed_of_Thought" title="Business @ the Speed of Thought">Business @ the Speed of Thought</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/How_to_Avoid_a_Climate_Disaster" title="How to Avoid a Climate Disaster">How to Avoid a Climate Disaster</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/How_to_Prevent_the_Next_Pandemic" title="How to Prevent the Next Pandemic">How to Prevent the Next Pandemic</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Source_Code_(memoir)" title="Source Code (memoir)">Source Code</a> (2025)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Philanthropy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bill_%26_Melinda_Gates_Foundation" class="mw-redirect" title="Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation">Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Match_for_Africa" title="Match for Africa">Match for Africa</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Climate_change_and_energy">climate change</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Personal_donations">donations and sporting events</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Films</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Triumph_of_the_Nerds" title="Triumph of the Nerds">Triumph of the Nerds</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pirates_of_Silicon_Valley" title="Pirates of Silicon Valley">Pirates of Silicon Valley</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Social_Network" title="The Social Network">The Social Network</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inside_Bill%27s_Brain:_Decoding_Bill_Gates" title="Inside Bill's Brain: Decoding Bill Gates">Inside Bill's Brain: Decoding Bill Gates</a> (2019)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Melinda_French_Gates" title="Melinda French Gates">Melinda French Gates</a> (ex-wife)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Gates_Sr." title="Bill Gates Sr.">Bill Gates Sr.</a> (father)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Maxwell_Gates" title="Mary Maxwell Gates">Mary Maxwell Gates</a> (mother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mimi_Gardner_Gates" title="Mimi Gardner Gates">Mimi Gardner Gates</a> (stepmother)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Possessions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Codex_Leicester" title="Codex Leicester">Codex Leicester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Gates%27s_house" title="Bill Gates's house">Residence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lost_on_the_Grand_Banks" title="Lost on the Grand Banks">Lost on the Grand Banks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porsche_959#The_959_of_Bill_Gates" title="Porsche 959">Porsche 959</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Bill_Gates" title="Category:Bill Gates">Category</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Bill_Gates" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Bill Gates">Commons</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Microsoft_Corporation379" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Microsoft" title="Template:Microsoft"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Microsoft" title="Template talk:Microsoft"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Microsoft" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Microsoft"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Microsoft_Corporation379" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft Corporation</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Microsoft" title="History of Microsoft">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Microsoft" title="Outline of Microsoft">Outline</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Founders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bill Gates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Allen" title="Paul Allen">Paul Allen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Board of directors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Satya_Nadella" title="Satya Nadella">Satya Nadella</a> (Chairman and CEO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reid_Hoffman" title="Reid Hoffman">Reid Hoffman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_MacGregor" title="Catherine MacGregor">Catherine MacGregor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandi_Peterson" title="Sandi Peterson">Sandi Peterson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penny_Pritzker" title="Penny Pritzker">Penny Pritzker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlos_A._Rodriguez" title="Carlos A. Rodriguez">Carlos A. Rodriguez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Scharf" title="Charles Scharf">Charles Scharf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_W._Stanton" title="John W. Stanton">John W. Stanton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_W._Thompson" title="John W. Thompson">John W. Thompson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emma_Walmsley" title="Emma Walmsley">Emma Walmsley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Padmasree_Warrior" title="Padmasree Warrior">Padmasree Warrior</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Senior leadership team</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Satya_Nadella" title="Satya Nadella">Satya Nadella</a> (CEO)</li> <li>Takeshi Numoto (CMO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scott_Guthrie" title="Scott Guthrie">Scott Guthrie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carolina_Dybeck_Happe" title="Carolina Dybeck Happe">Carolina Dybeck Happe</a> (COO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amy_Hood" title="Amy Hood">Amy Hood</a> (CFO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kevin_Scott_(computer_scientist)" title="Kevin Scott (computer scientist)">Kevin Scott</a> (CTO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brad_Smith_(American_lawyer)" title="Brad Smith (American lawyer)">Brad Smith</a> (CLO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Shum" title="Harry Shum">Harry Shum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phil_Spencer_(business_executive)" title="Phil Spencer (business executive)">Phil Spencer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kathleen_Hogan" title="Kathleen Hogan">Kathleen Hogan</a> (CPO)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Corporate VPs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Belfiore" title="Joe Belfiore">Joe Belfiore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Rashid" title="Richard Rashid">Richard Rashid</a> (SVP)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%C3%A9sar_Cernuda" title="César Cernuda">César Cernuda</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Employee groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Global_LGBTQIA%2B_Employee_%26_Allies_at_Microsoft" title="Global LGBTQIA+ Employee & Allies at Microsoft">Global LGBTQIA+ Employee & Allies at Microsoft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_and_unions" title="Microsoft and unions">Microsoft and unions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Products</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_hardware" title="Microsoft hardware">Hardware</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Azure_Kinect" title="Azure Kinect">Azure Kinect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_HoloLens" title="Microsoft HoloLens">HoloLens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LifeCam" title="LifeCam">LifeCam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Surface" title="Microsoft Surface">Surface</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Surface_Duo" title="Surface Duo">Duo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surface_Go" title="Surface Go">Go</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surface_Hub" title="Surface Hub">Hub</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surface_Laptop" title="Surface Laptop">Laptop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surface_Laptop_Go" title="Surface Laptop Go">Laptop Go</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surface_Neo" title="Surface Neo">Neo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surface_Pro" title="Surface Pro">Pro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surface_Studio" title="Surface Studio">Studio</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xbox" title="Xbox">Xbox</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Microsoft_software" title="List of Microsoft software">Software</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clipchamp" title="Clipchamp">Clipchamp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Dynamics_365" title="Microsoft Dynamics 365">Dynamics 365</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Havok_(software)" title="Havok (software)">Havok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_365" title="Microsoft 365">Microsoft 365</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Office" title="Microsoft Office">Office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Teams" title="Microsoft Teams">Teams</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_and_open_source" title="Microsoft and open source">Open source software</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Power_Platform" title="Microsoft Power Platform">Power Platform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Servers" title="Microsoft Servers">Servers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Start" title="Microsoft Start">Start</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tay_(chatbot)" title="Tay (chatbot)">Tay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visual_Studio" title="Visual Studio">Visual Studio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visual_Studio_Code" title="Visual Studio Code">Visual Studio Code</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Windows" title="Microsoft Windows">Windows</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xbox_system_software" title="Xbox system software">Xbox OS</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Programming languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BASIC" title="BASIC">BASIC</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Visual_Basic_(.NET)" title="Visual Basic (.NET)">VB.NET</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visual_Basic_for_Applications" title="Visual Basic for Applications">VBA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VBScript" title="VBScript">VBScript</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visual_Basic_(classic)" title="Visual Basic (classic)">Visual Basic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C_Sharp_(programming_language)" title="C Sharp (programming language)">C#</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/AL" title="C/AL">C/AL a.k.a. Navision Attain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F_Sharp_(programming_language)" title="F Sharp (programming language)">F#</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Visual_Programming_Language" title="Microsoft Visual Programming Language">MVPL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Power_Fx" title="Microsoft Power Fx">Power Fx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PowerShell" title="PowerShell">PowerShell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Q_Sharp" title="Q Sharp">Q#</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transact-SQL" title="Transact-SQL">Transact-SQL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TypeScript" title="TypeScript">TypeScript</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visual_J%2B%2B" title="Visual J++">Visual J++</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visual_J_Sharp" title="Visual J Sharp">Visual J#</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Web properties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Azure" title="Microsoft Azure">Azure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Bing" title="Microsoft Bing">Bing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Copilot" title="Microsoft Copilot">Copilot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GitHub" title="GitHub">GitHub</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Learn" title="Microsoft Learn">Learn</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Channel_9_(Microsoft)" title="Channel 9 (Microsoft)">Channel 9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Developer_Network" title="Microsoft Developer Network">Developer Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_TechNet" title="Microsoft TechNet">TechNet</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LinkedIn" title="LinkedIn">LinkedIn</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LinkedIn_Learning" title="LinkedIn Learning">LinkedIn Learning</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MSN" title="MSN">MSN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outlook.com" title="Outlook.com">Outlook.com</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Store" title="Microsoft Store">Store</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Translator" title="Microsoft Translator">Translator</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Company</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Conferences</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Build" title="Microsoft Build">Build</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Ignite" title="Microsoft Ignite">Ignite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Inspire" title="Microsoft Inspire">Inspire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MIX_(Microsoft)" title="MIX (Microsoft)">MIX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Professional_Developers_Conference" title="Professional Developers Conference">PDC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Hardware_Engineering_Conference" title="Windows Hardware Engineering Conference">WinHEC</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Divisions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/.NET_Foundation" title=".NET Foundation">.NET Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Digital_Crimes_Unit" title="Microsoft Digital Crimes Unit">Digital Crimes Unit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_engineering_groups" title="Microsoft engineering groups">Engineering groups</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Mobile" title="Microsoft Mobile">Mobile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skype_Technologies" title="Skype Technologies">Skype unit</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Gaming" title="Microsoft Gaming">Gaming</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Activision_Blizzard" title="Activision Blizzard">Activision Blizzard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xbox_Game_Studios" title="Xbox Game Studios">Xbox Game Studios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZeniMax_Media" title="ZeniMax Media">ZeniMax Media</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Garage" title="Microsoft Garage">Garage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outercurve_Foundation" title="Outercurve Foundation">Outercurve Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Press" title="Microsoft Press">Press</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Research" title="Microsoft Research">Research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Store_(retail)" title="Microsoft Store (retail)">Retail stores</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Estates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_campus" title="Microsoft campus">Microsoft campus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_India" title="Microsoft India">Microsoft India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Japan" title="Microsoft Japan">Microsoft Japan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Campaigns</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Where_do_you_want_to_go_today%3F" title="Where do you want to go today?">Where do you want to go today?</a>" (1994)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Champagne_(advertisement)" title="Champagne (advertisement)">Champagne</a>" (2002)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Mojave_Experiment" title="Mojave Experiment">Mojave Experiment</a>" (2006)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/I%27m_a_PC" title="I'm a PC">I'm a PC</a>" (2008)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Scroogled" title="Scroogled">Scroogled</a>" (2012)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_Microsoft" title="Criticism of Microsoft">Criticism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bundling_of_Microsoft_Windows" title="Bundling of Microsoft Windows">Bundling of Microsoft Windows</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_Assistant" title="Office Assistant">Clippy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ILoo#Reaction" title="ILoo">iLoo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_Explorer#Security_vulnerabilities" title="Internet Explorer">Internet Explorer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Bob" title="Microsoft Bob">Microsoft Bob</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NSAKEY" title="NSAKEY">_NSAKEY</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_Microsoft_Windows" title="Criticism of Microsoft Windows">Windows</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_Windows_XP" title="Criticism of Windows XP">XP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_Windows_Vista" title="Criticism of Windows Vista">Vista</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_Windows_10" title="Criticism of Windows 10">10</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_litigation" title="Microsoft litigation">Litigation</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Computer,_Inc._v._Microsoft_Corp." title="Apple Computer, Inc. v. Microsoft Corp.">Apple v. Microsoft</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_v._Microsoft_Corp." title="United States v. Microsoft Corp.">United States v. Microsoft</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Corp._v._Lindows.com,_Inc." title="Microsoft Corp. v. Lindows.com, Inc.">Microsoft v. Lindows</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_v._MikeRoweSoft" title="Microsoft v. MikeRoweSoft">Microsoft v. MikeRoweSoft</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Corp._v._Commission" title="Microsoft Corp. v. Commission">Microsoft v. Commission</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcatel-Lucent_v._Microsoft_Corp." title="Alcatel-Lucent v. Microsoft Corp.">Alcatel-Lucent v. Microsoft</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Corp._v._Shah" title="Microsoft Corp. v. Shah">Microsoft v. Shah</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Corp._v._United_States" title="Microsoft Corp. v. United States">Microsoft v. United States</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/FTC_v._Microsoft" title="FTC v. Microsoft">FTC v. Microsoft</a> (2022)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_mergers_and_acquisitions_by_Microsoft" title="List of mergers and acquisitions by Microsoft">Acquisitions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wunderlist" title="Wunderlist">6Wunderkinder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Access_Software" title="Access Software">Access Software</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acompli" title="Acompli">Acompli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Activision_Blizzard" title="Activision Blizzard">Activision Blizzard</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acquisition_of_Activision_Blizzard_by_Microsoft" title="Acquisition of Activision Blizzard by Microsoft">acquisition</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Altamira_Software" title="Altamira Software">Altamira Software</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AltspaceVR" title="AltspaceVR">AltspaceVR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AQuantive" title="AQuantive">aQuantive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Amalga" title="Microsoft Amalga">Azyxxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mixer_(service)" title="Mixer (service)">Beam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Blue_Ribbon_SoundWorks" title="The Blue Ribbon SoundWorks">The Blue Ribbon SoundWorks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bungie" title="Bungie">Bungie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clipchamp" title="Clipchamp">Clipchamp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colloquis" title="Colloquis">Colloquis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compulsion_Games" title="Compulsion Games">Compulsion Games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Connectix" title="Connectix">Connectix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consumers_Software" title="Consumers Software">Consumers Software</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danger,_Inc." title="Danger, Inc.">Danger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Double_Fine" title="Double Fine">Double Fine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MSN_Travel" title="MSN Travel">Farecast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FASA_Studio" title="FASA Studio">FASA Studio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Development_Center_Norway" title="Microsoft Development Center Norway">Fast Search & Transfer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firefly_(website)" title="Firefly (website)">Firefly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forethought,_Inc." title="Forethought, Inc.">Forethought</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Defender_Antivirus" title="Microsoft Defender Antivirus">GIANT Company Software</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GitHub" title="GitHub">GitHub</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Plains_Software" title="Great Plains Software">Great Plains Software</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GreenButton" title="GreenButton">GreenButton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Groove_Networks" title="Groove Networks">Groove Networks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Havok_(company)" title="Havok (company)">Havok Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Heat_Major_League_Baseball" title="High Heat Major League Baseball">High Heat Major League Baseball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outlook.com" title="Outlook.com">Hotmail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/InXile_Entertainment" title="InXile Entertainment">inXile Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jellyfish.com" title="Jellyfish.com">Jellyfish.com</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LinkedIn" title="LinkedIn">LinkedIn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LinkExchange" title="LinkExchange">LinkExchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lionhead_Studios" title="Lionhead Studios">Lionhead Studios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maluuba" title="Maluuba">Maluuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massive_Incorporated" title="Massive Incorporated">Massive Incorporated</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metaswitch" title="Metaswitch">Metaswitch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MileIQ" title="MileIQ">Mobile Data Labs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mojang_Studios" title="Mojang Studios">Mojang Studios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ninja_Theory" title="Ninja Theory">Ninja Theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Mobile" title="Microsoft Mobile">Nokia Devices and Services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Npm" title="Npm">npm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuance_Communications" title="Nuance Communications">Nuance Communications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obsidian_Entertainment" title="Obsidian Entertainment">Obsidian Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Live_Toolbar#Onfolio" title="Windows Live Toolbar">Onfolio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pando_Networks" title="Pando Networks">Pando Networks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perceptive_Pixel" title="Perceptive Pixel">Perceptive Pixel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PlaceWare" title="PlaceWare">PlaceWare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Playground_Games" title="Playground Games">Playground Games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Powerset_(company)" title="Powerset (company)">Powerset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Press_Play_(company)" title="Press Play (company)">Press Play</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ProClarity" title="ProClarity">ProClarity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rare_(company)" title="Rare (company)">Rare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolution_Analytics" title="Revolution Analytics">Revolution Analytics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RiskIQ" title="RiskIQ">RiskIQ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simplygon" title="Simplygon">Simplygon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skype_Technologies" title="Skype Technologies">Skype</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunrise_Calendar" title="Sunrise Calendar">Sunrise Atelier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_SwiftKey" title="Microsoft SwiftKey">SwiftKey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TakeLessons" title="TakeLessons">TakeLessons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teleo" title="Teleo">Teleo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tellme_Networks" title="Tellme Networks">Tellme Networks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twisted_Pixel_Games" title="Twisted Pixel Games">Twisted Pixel Games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Undead_Labs" title="Undead Labs">Undead Labs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vermeer_Technologies" title="Vermeer Technologies">Vermeer Technologies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visio_Corporation" title="Visio Corporation">Visio Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flux_(graphics_software)" title="Flux (graphics software)">Vivaty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VoloMetrix" title="VoloMetrix">VoloMetrix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NetShow" title="NetShow">VXtreme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MSN_TV" title="MSN TV">WebTV Networks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sysinternals" title="Sysinternals">Winternals Software</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xamarin" title="Xamarin">Xamarin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xandr" title="Xandr">Xandr</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AppNexus" title="AppNexus">AppNexus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viva_Engage" title="Viva Engage">Yammer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yupi" title="Yupi">Yupi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZeniMax_Media" title="ZeniMax Media">ZeniMax Media</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Microsoft" title="Category:Microsoft">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Offices_and_distinctions91" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;"><div id="Offices_and_distinctions91" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Offices and distinctions</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px"> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ffcc66;">Business positions </th></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">First </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> Chief Executive Officer of <a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a> 1975–2000 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Steve_Ballmer" title="Steve Ballmer">Steve Ballmer</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">First </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> Chairman of <a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a> 1975–2014 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/John_W._Thompson" title="John W. Thompson">John W. Thompson</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FFF157;">Honorary titles </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Warren_Buffett" title="Warren Buffett">Warren Buffett</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/The_World%27s_Billionaires" title="The World's Billionaires">World's richest person</a> 1996 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Hassanal_Bolkiah" title="Hassanal Bolkiah">Hassanal Bolkiah</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Hassanal_Bolkiah" title="Hassanal Bolkiah">Hassanal Bolkiah</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/The_World%27s_Billionaires" title="The World's Billionaires">World's richest person</a> 1998–2007 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Warren_Buffett" title="Warren Buffett">Warren Buffett</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Warren_Buffett" title="Warren Buffett">Warren Buffett</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/The_World%27s_Billionaires" title="The World's Billionaires">World's richest person</a> 2009 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Carlos_Slim" title="Carlos Slim">Carlos Slim</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Carlos_Slim" title="Carlos Slim">Carlos Slim</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/The_World%27s_Billionaires" title="The World's Billionaires">World's richest person</a> 2014–2017 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Jeff_Bezos" title="Jeff Bezos">Jeff Bezos</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Articles_related_to_Bill_Gates97" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;"><div id="Articles_related_to_Bill_Gates97" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Articles related to Bill Gates</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px"> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Berkshire_Hathaway485" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Berkshire_Hathaway" title="Template:Berkshire Hathaway"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Berkshire_Hathaway" title="Template talk:Berkshire Hathaway"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Berkshire_Hathaway" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Berkshire Hathaway"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Berkshire_Hathaway485" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Berkshire_Hathaway" title="Berkshire Hathaway">Berkshire Hathaway</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Board_of_directors" title="Board of directors">Board of directors</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Warren_Buffett" title="Warren Buffett">Warren Buffett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greg_Abel" title="Greg Abel">Greg Abel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howard_Graham_Buffett" title="Howard Graham Buffett">Howard Graham Buffett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susan_Decker" title="Susan Decker">Susan Decker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Gottesman" title="David Gottesman">David Gottesman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ajit_Jain" title="Ajit Jain">Ajit Jain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Olson" title="Ronald Olson">Ronald Olson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Scott_Jr." title="Walter Scott Jr.">Walter Scott Jr.</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Berkshire_Hathaway_Insurance" class="mw-redirect" title="Berkshire Hathaway Insurance">Insurance</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alleghany_Corporation" title="Alleghany Corporation">Alleghany Corporation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/TransRe" title="TransRe">TransRe</a></li></ul></li> <li>Berkshire Hathaway Homestate Companies <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kansas_Bankers_Surety_Company" title="Kansas Bankers Surety Company">Kansas Bankers Surety Company</a></li></ul></li> <li>Berkshire Hathaway Specialty Insurance</li> <li><a href="/wiki/BoatUS" title="BoatUS">BoatUS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_States_Indemnity" title="Central States Indemnity">Central States Indemnity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GEICO" title="GEICO">GEICO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gen_Re" title="Gen Re">Gen Re</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MedPro_Group" title="MedPro Group">MedPro Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Indemnity_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="National Indemnity Company">National Indemnity Company</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Berkshire_Hathaway_Assurance" title="Berkshire Hathaway Assurance">Berkshire Hathaway Assurance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berkshire_Hathaway_GUARD_Insurance_Companies" class="mw-redirect" title="Berkshire Hathaway GUARD Insurance Companies">GUARD Insurance</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Materials and construction</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acme_Brick" title="Acme Brick">Acme Brick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Moore_%26_Co." title="Benjamin Moore & Co.">Benjamin Moore & Co.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clayton_Homes" title="Clayton Homes">Clayton Homes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Metalworking_Companies" title="International Metalworking Companies">International Metalworking Companies</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ISCAR_Metalworking" title="ISCAR Metalworking">ISCAR Metalworking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TaeguTec" title="TaeguTec">TaeguTec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tungaloy_Corporation" title="Tungaloy Corporation">Tungaloy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johns_Manville" title="Johns Manville">Johns Manville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lubrizol" title="Lubrizol">Lubrizol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marmon_Group" title="Marmon Group">Marmon</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marmon-Herrington" title="Marmon-Herrington">Marmon-Herrington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Procor" title="Procor">Procor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_Tank_Car_Company" title="Union Tank Car Company">Union Tank Car Company</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Precision_Castparts_Corp." title="Precision Castparts Corp.">Precision Castparts Corp.</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carlton_Forge_Works" title="Carlton Forge Works">Carlton Forge Works</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_Metals_Corporation" title="Special Metals Corporation">Special Metals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titanium_Metals_Corporation" title="Titanium Metals Corporation">Timet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wyman-Gordon" title="Wyman-Gordon">Wyman-Gordon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaw_Industries" title="Shaw Industries">Shaw Industries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mouser_Electronics" title="Mouser Electronics">Mouser Electronics</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Furniture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jordan%27s_Furniture" title="Jordan's Furniture">Jordan's Furniture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nebraska_Furniture_Mart" title="Nebraska Furniture Mart">Nebraska Furniture Mart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RC_Willey_Home_Furnishings" title="RC Willey Home Furnishings">RC Willey Home Furnishings</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Clothing</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Apparel15" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Apparel</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fruit_of_the_Loom" title="Fruit of the Loom">Fruit of the Loom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BVD" title="BVD">BVD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russell_Athletic" title="Russell Athletic">Russell Athletic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spalding_(company)" title="Spalding (company)">Spalding</a></li> <li>Vanity Fair Brands <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Exquisite_Form" title="Exquisite Form">Exquisite Form</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vassarette" title="Vassarette">Vassarette</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Footwear</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brooks_Sports" title="Brooks Sports">Brooks Sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Double-H_Boots" title="Double-H Boots">Double-H Boots</a></li> <li>Justin Brands <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chippewa_Boots" title="Chippewa Boots">Chippewa Boots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justin_Boots" title="Justin Boots">Justin Boots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nocona_Boots" title="Nocona Boots">Nocona Boots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tony_Lama_Boots" title="Tony Lama Boots">Tony Lama Boots</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Transportation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Berkshire Hathaway Automotive</li> <li><a href="/wiki/BNSF" class="mw-redirect" title="BNSF">BNSF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FlightSafety_International" class="mw-redirect" title="FlightSafety International">FlightSafety International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forest_River_(company)" title="Forest River (company)">Forest River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marquis_Jet" class="mw-redirect" title="Marquis Jet">Marquis Jet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McLane_Company" title="McLane Company">McLane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NetJets" title="NetJets">NetJets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pilot_Flying_J" title="Pilot Flying J">Pilot Flying J</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Food</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CTB_International" title="CTB International">CTB International</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dairy_Queen" title="Dairy Queen">Dairy Queen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karmelkorn" title="Karmelkorn">Karmelkorn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orange_Julius" title="Orange Julius">Orange Julius</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Pampered_Chef" class="mw-redirect" title="The Pampered Chef">The Pampered Chef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/See%27s_Candies" title="See's Candies">See's Candies</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Berkshire_Hathaway_Media" class="mw-redirect" title="Berkshire Hathaway Media">Media</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Business_Wire" title="Business Wire">Business Wire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WPLG" title="WPLG">WPLG</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Jewelry</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ben_Bridge_Jeweler" title="Ben Bridge Jeweler">Ben Bridge Jeweler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borsheims" title="Borsheims">Borsheims</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helzberg_Diamonds" title="Helzberg Diamonds">Helzberg Diamonds</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Scott_Fetzer_Company" title="Scott Fetzer Company">Scott Fetzer</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Campbell_Hausfeld" title="Campbell Hausfeld">Campbell Hausfeld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ginsu" title="Ginsu">Ginsu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirby_Company" title="Kirby Company">Kirby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Book_Encyclopedia" title="World Book Encyclopedia">World Book Encyclopedia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Berkshire_Hathaway_Energy" title="Berkshire Hathaway Energy">BH Energy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AltaLink" title="AltaLink">AltaLink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HomeServices_of_America" title="HomeServices of America">HomeServices of America</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Edina_Realty" title="Edina Realty">Edina Realty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_%26_Foster" title="Long & Foster">Long & Foster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RealtySouth" title="RealtySouth">RealtySouth</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kern_River_Pipeline" title="Kern River Pipeline">Kern River Gas Transmission Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MidAmerican_Energy_Company" title="MidAmerican Energy Company">MidAmerican Energy Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Powergrid" title="Northern Powergrid">Northern Powergrid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NV_Energy" title="NV Energy">NV Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PacifiCorp" title="PacifiCorp">PacifiCorp</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other businesses</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Duracell" title="Duracell">Duracell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oriental_Trading_Company" title="Oriental Trading Company">Oriental Trading Company</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Major public company ownership positions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Express" title="American Express">American Express</a> (18%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Inc." title="Apple Inc.">Apple</a> (6%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bank_of_America" title="Bank of America">Bank of America</a> (12%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coca-Cola_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Coca-Cola Company">Coca-Cola Company</a> (10%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/DaVita" title="DaVita">DaVita</a> (32%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kraft_Heinz" title="Kraft Heinz">Kraft Heinz</a> (27%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moody%27s_Corporation" title="Moody's Corporation">Moody's</a> (13%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/RH_(company)" title="RH (company)">RH</a> (9%)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charlie_Munger" title="Charlie Munger">Charlie Munger</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Poor_Charlie%27s_Almanack" title="Poor Charlie's Almanack">Poor Charlie's Almanack</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Chip_Stamps" title="Blue Chip Stamps">Blue Chip Stamps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wesco_Financial" title="Wesco Financial">Wesco Financial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_assets_owned_by_Berkshire_Hathaway" title="List of assets owned by Berkshire Hathaway">Owned assets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Becoming_Warren_Buffett" title="Becoming Warren Buffett">Becoming Warren Buffett</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Berkshire_Hathaway" title="Category:Berkshire Hathaway">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Padma_Bhushan_award_recipients_(2010–2019)711" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Padma_Bhushan_Award_recipients_2010%E2%80%932019" title="Template:Padma Bhushan Award recipients 2010–2019"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Padma_Bhushan_Award_recipients_2010%E2%80%932019" title="Template talk:Padma Bhushan Award recipients 2010–2019"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Padma_Bhushan_Award_recipients_2010%E2%80%932019" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Padma Bhushan Award recipients 2010–2019"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Padma_Bhushan_award_recipients_(2010–2019)711" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Padma_Bhushan" title="Padma Bhushan">Padma Bhushan</a> award recipients (2010–2019)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2010</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Satya_Paul_Agarwal" title="Satya Paul Agarwal">Satya Paul Agarwal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Amin_(historian)" title="Mohammad Amin (historian)">Mohammad Amin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sailesh_Kumar_Bandopadhyay" title="Sailesh Kumar Bandopadhyay">Sailesh Kumar Bandopadhyay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M._S._Banga" title="M. S. Banga">M. S. Banga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anil_Bordia" title="Anil Bordia">Anil Bordia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bipan_Chandra" title="Bipan Chandra">Bipan Chandra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B._K._Chaturvedi" title="B. K. Chaturvedi">B. K. Chaturvedi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sant_Singh_Chatwal" title="Sant Singh Chatwal">Sant Singh Chatwal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G._P._Chopra" title="G. P. Chopra">G. P. Chopra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tan_Chung" title="Tan Chung">Tan Chung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madhusudan_Dhaky" title="Madhusudan Dhaky">Madhusudan Dhaky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P._R._Dubhashi" title="P. R. Dubhashi">P. R. Dubhashi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puttaraj_Gawai" title="Puttaraj Gawai">Puttaraj Gawai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B._M._Hegde" title="B. M. Hegde">Belle Monappa Hegde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilaiyaraaja" title="Ilaiyaraaja">Ilaiyaraaja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jagdish_Chandra_Kapur" title="Jagdish Chandra Kapur">Jagdish Chandra Kapur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shrinivas_Khale" title="Shrinivas Khale">Shrinivas Khale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aamir_Khan" title="Aamir Khan">Aamir Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sultan_Khan_(musician)" title="Sultan Khan (musician)">Sultan Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ram_Kumar_(artist)" title="Ram Kumar (artist)">Ram Kumar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumudini_Lakhia" title="Kumudini Lakhia">Kumudini Lakhia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuzhur_Narayana_Marar" title="Kuzhur Narayana Marar">Kuzhur Narayana Marar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chhannulal_Mishra" title="Chhannulal Mishra">Chhannulal Mishra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E._T._Narayanan_Mooss" title="E. T. Narayanan Mooss">Eledath Thaikkattu Narayanan Mooss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C._P._Krishnan_Nair" title="C. P. Krishnan Nair">C. P. Krishnan Nair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S._P._Oswal" title="S. P. Oswal">S. P. Oswal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akbar_Padamsee" title="Akbar Padamsee">Akbar Padamsee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramakanta_Panda" title="Ramakanta Panda">Ramakanta Panda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balasaheb_Vikhe_Patil" title="Balasaheb Vikhe Patil">Balasaheb Vikhe Patil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arogyaswami_Paulraj" title="Arogyaswami Paulraj">Arogyaswami Paulraj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._R._Rahman" title="A. R. Rahman">A. R. Rahman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moosa_Raza" title="Moosa Raza">Moosa Raza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mallika_Sarabhai" title="Mallika Sarabhai">Mallika Sarabhai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nookala_Chinna_Satyanarayana" title="Nookala Chinna Satyanarayana">Nookala Chinna Satyanarayana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abhijit_Sen" title="Abhijit Sen">Abhijit Sen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satya_Vrat_Shastri" title="Satya Vrat Shastri">Satya Vrat Shastri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noshir_M._Shroff" title="Noshir M. Shroff">Noshir M. Shroff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kushal_Pal_Singh" title="Kushal Pal Singh">Kushal Pal Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bikash_Sinha" title="Bikash Sinha">Bikash Sinha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balagangadharanatha_Swamiji" title="Balagangadharanatha Swamiji">Balagangadharanatha Swamiji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narayanan_Vaghul" title="Narayanan Vaghul">Narayanan Vaghul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P._K._Warrier" title="P. K. Warrier">P. K. Warrier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fareed_Zakaria" title="Fareed Zakaria">Fareed Zakaria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2011</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/S._P._Balasubrahmanyam" title="S. P. Balasubrahmanyam">S. P. Balasubrahmanyam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajashree_Birla" title="Rajashree Birla">Rajashree Birla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M._N._Buch" title="M. N. Buch">M. N. Buch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C._V._Chandrasekhar" title="C. V. Chandrasekhar">C. V. Chandrasekhar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ajai_Chowdhry" title="Ajai Chowdhry">Ajai Chowdhry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yogesh_Chander_Deveshwar" title="Yogesh Chander Deveshwar">Yogesh Chander Deveshwar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satyadev_Dubey" title="Satyadev Dubey">Satyadev Dubey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T._J._S._George" title="T. J. S. George">T. J. S. George</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shankha_Ghosh" title="Shankha Ghosh">Shankha Ghosh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kris_Gopalakrishnan" title="Kris Gopalakrishnan">Kris Gopalakrishnan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keki_Byramjee_Grant" title="Keki Byramjee Grant">Keki Byramjee Grant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shashi_Kapoor" title="Shashi Kapoor">Shashi Kapoor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krishen_Khanna" title="Krishen Khanna">Krishen Khanna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammed_Zahur_Khayyam" title="Mohammed Zahur Khayyam">Khayyam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chanda_Kochhar" title="Chanda Kochhar">Chanda Kochhar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dwijen_Mukhopadhyay" title="Dwijen Mukhopadhyay">Dwijen Mukhopadhyay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madavoor_Vasudevan_Nair" title="Madavoor Vasudevan Nair">Madavoor Vasudevan Nair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramdas_Pai" title="Ramdas Pai">Ramdas Pai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dashrath_Patel" title="Dashrath Patel">Dashrath Patel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajendra_Singh_Pawar" title="Rajendra Singh Pawar">Rajendra Singh Pawar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S._Ramachandran_(scientist)" title="S. Ramachandran (scientist)">Suryanarayanan Ramachandran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shobhana_Ranade" title="Shobhana Ranade">Shobhana Ranade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G._V._Krishna_Reddy" class="mw-redirect" title="G. V. Krishna Reddy">Gunupati Venkata Krishna Reddy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kallam_Anji_Reddy" title="Kallam Anji Reddy">Kallam Anji Reddy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waheeda_Rehman" title="Waheeda Rehman">Waheeda Rehman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shyam_Saran" title="Shyam Saran">Shyam Saran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Analjit_Singh" title="Analjit Singh">Analjit Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arpita_Singh" title="Arpita Singh">Arpita Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surendra_Singh_(cabinet_secretary)" title="Surendra Singh (cabinet secretary)">Surendra Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R._K._Srikantan" title="R. K. Srikantan">R. K. Srikantan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raghavan_Thirumulpad" title="Raghavan Thirumulpad">Raghavan Thirumulpad</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2012</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Suresh_H._Advani" title="Suresh H. Advani">Suresh H. Advani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shabana_Azmi" title="Shabana Azmi">Shabana Azmi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homi_K._Bhabha" title="Homi K. Bhabha">Homi K. Bhabha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shashikumar_Chitre" title="Shashikumar Chitre">Shashikumar Chitre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khaled_Choudhury" title="Khaled Choudhury">Khaled Choudhury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jatin_Das_(painter)" title="Jatin Das (painter)">Jatin Das</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vidya_Dehejia" title="Vidya Dehejia">Vidya Dehejia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dharmendra" title="Dharmendra">Dharmendra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S._N._Goenka" title="S. N. Goenka">S. N. Goenka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M._S._Gopalakrishnan" title="M. S. Gopalakrishnan">M. S. Gopalakrishnan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T._V._Gopalakrishnan" title="T. V. Gopalakrishnan">T. V. Gopalakrishnan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhadev_Das_Gupta" title="Buddhadev Das Gupta">Buddhadev Das Gupta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunil_Janah" title="Sunil Janah">Sunil Janah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anish_Kapoor" title="Anish Kapoor">Anish Kapoor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S._B._Mujumdar" title="S. B. Mujumdar">S. B. Mujumdar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B._Muthuraman" title="B. Muthuraman">B. Muthuraman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mira_Nair" title="Mira Nair">Mira Nair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arvind_Panagariya" title="Arvind Panagariya">Arvind Panagariya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Pereira_(scholar)" title="José Pereira (scholar)">José Pereira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mata_Prasad" title="Mata Prasad">Mata Prasad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M._S._Raghunathan" title="M. S. Raghunathan">M. S. Raghunathan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P._Chandrasekhara_Rao" title="P. Chandrasekhara Rao">P. Chandrasekhara Rao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronen_Sen" title="Ronen Sen">Ronen Sen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devi_Shetty" title="Devi Shetty">Devi Shetty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M._V._Subbiah" title="M. V. Subbiah">M. V. Subbiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N._Vittal" title="N. Vittal">N. Vittal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N._H._Wadia" title="N. H. Wadia">N. H. Wadia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Yeo" title="George Yeo">George Yeo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2013</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Satya_N._Atluri" title="Satya N. Atluri">Satya N. Atluri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maharaj_Kishan_Bhan" title="Maharaj Kishan Bhan">Maharaj Kishan Bhan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaspal_Bhatti" title="Jaspal Bhatti">Jaspal Bhatti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rahul_Dravid" title="Rahul Dravid">Rahul Dravid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adi_Godrej" title="Adi Godrej">Adi Godrej</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Rashid_Khan" title="Abdul Rashid Khan">Abdul Rashid Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajesh_Khanna" title="Rajesh Khanna">Rajesh Khanna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Kom" title="Mary Kom">Mary Kom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nandkishore_Shamrao_Laud" title="Nandkishore Shamrao Laud">Nandkishore Shamrao Laud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mangesh_Padgaonkar" title="Mangesh Padgaonkar">Mangesh Padgaonkar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hemendra_Singh_Panwar" title="Hemendra Singh Panwar">Hemendra Singh Panwar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jogesh_Pati" title="Jogesh Pati">Jogesh Pati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shivajirao_Girdhar_Patil" title="Shivajirao Girdhar Patil">Shivajirao Girdhar Patil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._Sivathanu_Pillai" title="A. Sivathanu Pillai">A. Sivathanu Pillai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D._Ramanaidu" title="D. Ramanaidu">D. Ramanaidu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanak_Rele" title="Kanak Rele">Kanak Rele</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V._K._Saraswat" title="V. K. Saraswat">V. K. Saraswat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashoke_Sen" title="Ashoke Sen">Ashoke Sen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gayatri_Chakravorty_Spivak" title="Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak">Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B._N._Suresh" title="B. N. Suresh">B. N. Suresh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharmila_Tagore" title="Sharmila Tagore">Sharmila Tagore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R._Thyagarajan_(industrialist)" title="R. Thyagarajan (industrialist)">Ramamurthy Thyagarajan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saroja_Vaidyanathan" title="Saroja Vaidyanathan">Saroja Vaidyanathan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2014</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anisuzzaman" title="Anisuzzaman">Anisuzzaman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mrityunjay_Athreya" title="Mrityunjay Athreya">Mrityunjay Athreya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Padmanabhan_Balaram" title="Padmanabhan Balaram">Padmanabhan Balaram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dalveer_Bhandari" title="Dalveer Bhandari">Dalveer Bhandari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruskin_Bond" title="Ruskin Bond">Ruskin Bond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anita_Desai" title="Anita Desai">Anita Desai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pullela_Gopichand" title="Pullela Gopichand">Pullela Gopichand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamal_Haasan" title="Kamal Haasan">Kamal Haasan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jyeshtharaj_Joshi" title="Jyeshtharaj Joshi">Jyeshtharaj Joshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V._N._Kaul" title="V. N. Kaul">V. N. Kaul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neelam_Kler" title="Neelam Kler">Neelam Kler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M._Mahadevappa" title="M. Mahadevappa">M. Mahadevappa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leander_Paes" title="Leander Paes">Leander Paes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koppillil_Radhakrishnan" title="Koppillil Radhakrishnan">Koppillil Radhakrishnan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anumolu_Ramakrishna" title="Anumolu Ramakrishna">Anumolu Ramakrishna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thirumalachari_Ramasami" title="Thirumalachari Ramasami">Thirumalachari Ramasami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lloyd_Rudolph" title="Lloyd Rudolph">Lloyd Rudolph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susanne_Hoeber_Rudolph" title="Susanne Hoeber Rudolph">Susanne Hoeber Rudolph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vinod_Prakash_Sharma" title="Vinod Prakash Sharma">Vinod Prakash Sharma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulam_Mohammed_Sheikh" title="Gulam Mohammed Sheikh">Gulam Mohammed Sheikh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parween_Sultana" title="Parween Sultana">Parween Sultana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhirubhai_Thaker" title="Dhirubhai Thaker">Dhirubhai Thaker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vairamuthu" title="Vairamuthu">Vairamuthu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._S._Verma" title="J. S. Verma">J. S. Verma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T._H._Vinayakram" title="T. H. Vinayakram">T. H. Vinayakram</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2015</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jahnu_Barua" title="Jahnu Barua">Jahnu Barua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manjul_Bhargava" title="Manjul Bhargava">Manjul Bhargava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vijay_P._Bhatkar" title="Vijay P. Bhatkar">Vijay P. Bhatkar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swapan_Dasgupta" title="Swapan Dasgupta">Swapan Dasgupta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Frawley" title="David Frawley">David Frawley</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bill Gates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melinda_French_Gates" title="Melinda French Gates">Melinda French Gates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swami_Satyamitranand" title="Swami Satyamitranand">Swami Satyamitranand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N._Gopalaswami" title="N. Gopalaswami">N. Gopalaswami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subhash_C._Kashyap" title="Subhash C. Kashyap">Subhash C. 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Rama Rao">A. V. Rama Rao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D._Nageshwara_Reddy" class="mw-redirect" title="D. Nageshwara Reddy">D. Nageshwara Reddy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dayananda_Saraswati_(Arsha_Vidya)" title="Dayananda Saraswati (Arsha Vidya)">Dayananda Saraswati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barjinder_Singh_Hamdard" title="Barjinder Singh Hamdard">Barjinder Singh Hamdard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ram_V._Sutar" title="Ram V. Sutar">Ram V. 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Chambers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sukhdev_Singh_Dhindsa" title="Sukhdev Singh Dhindsa">Sukhdev Singh Dhindsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pravin_Gordhan" title="Pravin Gordhan">Pravin Gordhan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dharampal_Gulati" title="Dharampal Gulati">Dharampal Gulati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darshan_Lal_Jain" title="Darshan Lal Jain">Darshan Lal Jain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashok_Laxmanrao_Kukade" title="Ashok Laxmanrao Kukade">Ashok Laxmanrao Kukade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kariya_Munda" title="Kariya Munda">Kariya Munda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Budhaditya_Mukherjee" title="Budhaditya Mukherjee">Budhaditya Mukherjee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohanlal" title="Mohanlal">Mohanlal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nambi_Narayanan" title="Nambi Narayanan">Nambi Narayanan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuldip_Nayar" title="Kuldip Nayar">Kuldip Nayar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bachendri_Pal" title="Bachendri Pal">Bachendri Pal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V._K._Shunglu" title="V. K. Shunglu">V. K. Shunglu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hukmdev_Narayan_Yadav" title="Hukmdev Narayan Yadav">Hukmdev Narayan Yadav</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div># Posthumous conferral <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Padma_Bhushan_award_recipients_(1954%E2%80%931959)" title="List of Padma Bhushan award recipients (1954–1959)">1954–1959</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Padma_Bhushan_award_recipients_(1960%E2%80%931969)" title="List of Padma Bhushan award recipients (1960–1969)">1960–1969</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Padma_Bhushan_award_recipients_(1970%E2%80%931979)" title="List of Padma Bhushan award recipients (1970–1979)">1970–1979</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Padma_Bhushan_award_recipients_(1980%E2%80%931989)" title="List of Padma Bhushan award recipients (1980–1989)">1980–1989</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Padma_Bhushan_award_recipients_(1990%E2%80%931999)" title="List of Padma Bhushan award recipients (1990–1999)">1990–1999</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Padma_Bhushan_award_recipients_(2000%E2%80%932009)" title="List of Padma Bhushan award recipients (2000–2009)">2000–2009</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Padma_Bhushan_award_recipients_(2010%E2%80%932019)" title="List of Padma Bhushan award recipients (2010–2019)">2010–2019</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Padma_Bhushan_award_recipients_(2020%E2%80%932029)" title="List of Padma Bhushan award recipients (2020–2029)">2020–2029</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Time_Persons_of_the_Year103" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Time_Persons_of_the_Year" title="Template:Time Persons of the Year"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Time_Persons_of_the_Year" title="Template talk:Time Persons of the Year"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Time_Persons_of_the_Year" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Time Persons of the Year"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Time_Persons_of_the_Year103" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Time_Person_of_the_Year" title="Time Person of the Year">Time Persons of the Year</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1927–1950</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Lindbergh" title="Charles Lindbergh">Charles Lindbergh</a> (1927)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Chrysler" title="Walter Chrysler">Walter Chrysler</a> (1928)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Owen_D._Young" title="Owen D. Young">Owen D. Young</a> (1929)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi" title="Mahatma Gandhi">Mohandas Gandhi</a> (1930)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Laval" title="Pierre Laval">Pierre Laval</a> (1931)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Franklin D. Roosevelt</a> (1932)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_S._Johnson" title="Hugh S. Johnson">Hugh S. Johnson</a> (1933)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Franklin D. Roosevelt</a> (1934)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haile_Selassie" title="Haile Selassie">Haile Selassie</a> (1935)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wallis_Simpson" title="Wallis Simpson">Wallis Simpson</a> (1936)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chiang_Kai-shek" title="Chiang Kai-shek">Chiang Kai-shek</a> / <a href="/wiki/Soong_Mei-ling" title="Soong Mei-ling">Soong Mei-ling</a> (1937)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler" title="Adolf Hitler">Adolf Hitler</a> (1938)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Stalin" title="Joseph Stalin">Joseph Stalin</a> (1939)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill">Winston Churchill</a> (1940)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Franklin D. Roosevelt</a> (1941)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Stalin" title="Joseph Stalin">Joseph Stalin</a> (1942)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_C._Marshall" title="George C. Marshall">George Marshall</a> (1943)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="Dwight D. Eisenhower">Dwight D. Eisenhower</a> (1944)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_S._Truman" title="Harry S. Truman">Harry S. Truman</a> (1945)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_F._Byrnes" title="James F. Byrnes">James F. Byrnes</a> (1946)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_C._Marshall" title="George C. Marshall">George Marshall</a> (1947)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_S._Truman" title="Harry S. Truman">Harry S. Truman</a> (1948)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill">Winston Churchill</a> (1949)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_War" title="Korean War">The American Fighting-Man</a> (1950)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1951–1975</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Mosaddegh" title="Mohammad Mosaddegh">Mohammed Mosaddeq</a> (1951)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_II" title="Elizabeth II">Elizabeth II </a> (1952)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konrad_Adenauer" title="Konrad Adenauer">Konrad Adenauer</a> (1953)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Foster_Dulles" title="John Foster Dulles">John Foster Dulles</a> (1954)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harlow_Curtice" title="Harlow Curtice">Harlow Curtice</a> (1955)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Revolution_of_1956" title="Hungarian Revolution of 1956">Hungarian Freedom Fighters</a> (1956)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikita_Khrushchev" title="Nikita Khrushchev">Nikita Khrushchev</a> (1957)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_de_Gaulle" title="Charles de Gaulle">Charles de Gaulle</a> (1958)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="Dwight D. Eisenhower">Dwight D. Eisenhower</a> (1959)</li> <li> U.S. Scientists: <a href="/wiki/George_Beadle" title="George Beadle">George Beadle</a> / <a href="/wiki/Charles_Stark_Draper" title="Charles Stark Draper">Charles Draper</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_Franklin_Enders" title="John Franklin Enders">John Enders</a> / <a href="/wiki/Donald_A._Glaser" title="Donald A. Glaser">Donald A. Glaser</a> / <a href="/wiki/Joshua_Lederberg" title="Joshua Lederberg">Joshua Lederberg</a> / <a href="/wiki/Willard_Libby" title="Willard Libby">Willard Libby</a> / <a href="/wiki/Linus_Pauling" title="Linus Pauling">Linus Pauling</a> / <a href="/wiki/Edward_Mills_Purcell" title="Edward Mills Purcell">Edward Purcell</a> / <a href="/wiki/Isidor_Isaac_Rabi" title="Isidor Isaac Rabi">Isidor Rabi</a> / <a href="/wiki/Emilio_Segr%C3%A8" title="Emilio Segrè">Emilio Segrè</a> / <a href="/wiki/William_Shockley" title="William Shockley">William Shockley</a> / <a href="/wiki/Edward_Teller" title="Edward Teller">Edward Teller</a> / <a href="/wiki/Charles_H._Townes" title="Charles H. Townes">Charles Townes</a> / <a href="/wiki/James_Van_Allen" title="James Van Allen">James Van Allen</a> / <a href="/wiki/Robert_Burns_Woodward" title="Robert Burns Woodward">Robert Woodward</a> (1960)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy" title="John F. Kennedy">John F. Kennedy</a> (1961)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_John_XXIII" title="Pope John XXIII">Pope John XXIII</a> (1962)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther_King_Jr." title="Martin Luther King Jr.">Martin Luther King Jr.</a> (1963)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Lyndon B. Johnson">Lyndon B. Johnson</a> (1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Westmoreland" title="William Westmoreland">William Westmoreland</a> (1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baby_boomers" title="Baby boomers">The Generation Twenty-Five and Under</a> (1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Lyndon B. Johnson">Lyndon B. Johnson</a> (1967)</li> <li> <a href="/wiki/Apollo_8" title="Apollo 8">The Apollo 8 Astronauts</a>: <a href="/wiki/William_Anders" title="William Anders">William Anders</a> / <a href="/wiki/Frank_Borman" title="Frank Borman">Frank Borman</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jim_Lovell" title="Jim Lovell">Jim Lovell</a> (1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_America_(United_States)" title="Middle America (United States)">The Middle Americans</a> (1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willy_Brandt" title="Willy Brandt">Willy Brandt</a> (1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon">Richard Nixon</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Kissinger" title="Henry Kissinger">Henry Kissinger</a> / <a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon">Richard Nixon</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Sirica" title="John Sirica">John Sirica</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faisal_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="Faisal of Saudi Arabia">King Faisal</a> (1974)</li> <li> American Women: <a href="/wiki/Susan_Brownmiller" title="Susan Brownmiller">Susan Brownmiller</a> / <a href="/wiki/Kathleen_Byerly" title="Kathleen Byerly">Kathleen Byerly</a> / <a href="/wiki/Alison_Cheek" title="Alison Cheek">Alison Cheek</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jill_Ker_Conway" title="Jill Ker Conway">Jill Conway</a> / <a href="/wiki/Betty_Ford" title="Betty Ford">Betty Ford</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ella_Grasso" title="Ella Grasso">Ella Grasso</a> / <a href="/wiki/Carla_Anderson_Hills" title="Carla Anderson Hills">Carla Hills</a> / <a href="/wiki/Barbara_Jordan" title="Barbara Jordan">Barbara Jordan</a> / <a href="/wiki/Billie_Jean_King" title="Billie Jean King">Billie Jean King</a> / <a href="/wiki/Susie_Sharp" title="Susie Sharp">Susie Sharp</a> / <a href="/wiki/Carol_Sutton_(journalist)" title="Carol Sutton (journalist)">Carol Sutton</a> / <a href="/wiki/Addie_L._Wyatt" title="Addie L. Wyatt">Addie Wyatt</a> (1975)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1976–2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter">Jimmy Carter</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anwar_Sadat" title="Anwar Sadat">Anwar Sadat</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deng_Xiaoping" title="Deng Xiaoping">Deng Xiaoping</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruhollah_Khomeini" title="Ruhollah Khomeini">Ayatollah Khomeini</a> (1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lech_Wa%C5%82%C4%99sa" title="Lech Wałęsa">Lech Wałęsa</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personal_computer" title="Personal computer">The Computer</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan</a> / <a href="/wiki/Yuri_Andropov" title="Yuri Andropov">Yuri Andropov</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Ueberroth" title="Peter Ueberroth">Peter Ueberroth</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deng_Xiaoping" title="Deng Xiaoping">Deng Xiaoping</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corazon_Aquino" title="Corazon Aquino">Corazon Aquino</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Gorbachev" title="Mikhail Gorbachev">Mikhail Gorbachev</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmentalism" title="Environmentalism">The Endangered Earth</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Gorbachev" title="Mikhail Gorbachev">Mikhail Gorbachev</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_H._W._Bush" title="George H. W. Bush">George H. W. Bush</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ted_Turner" title="Ted Turner">Ted Turner</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">Bill Clinton</a> (1992)</li> <li> The Peacemakers: <a href="/wiki/Yasser_Arafat" title="Yasser Arafat">Yasser Arafat</a> / <a href="/wiki/F._W._de_Klerk" title="F. W. de Klerk">F. W. de Klerk</a> / <a href="/wiki/Nelson_Mandela" title="Nelson Mandela">Nelson Mandela</a> / <a href="/wiki/Yitzhak_Rabin" title="Yitzhak Rabin">Yitzhak Rabin</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_John_Paul_II" title="Pope John Paul II">Pope John Paul II</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newt_Gingrich" title="Newt Gingrich">Newt Gingrich</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Ho" title="David Ho">David Ho</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Grove" title="Andrew Grove">Andrew Grove</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">Bill Clinton</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ken_Starr" title="Ken Starr">Ken Starr</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeff_Bezos" title="Jeff Bezos">Jeff Bezos</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a> (2000)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2001–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rudy_Giuliani" title="Rudy Giuliani">Rudolph Giuliani</a> (2001)</li> <li> The Whistleblowers: <a href="/wiki/Cynthia_Cooper_(accountant)" title="Cynthia Cooper (accountant)">Cynthia Cooper</a> / <a href="/wiki/Coleen_Rowley" title="Coleen Rowley">Coleen Rowley</a> / <a href="/wiki/Sherron_Watkins" title="Sherron Watkins">Sherron Watkins</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraq_War" title="Iraq War">The American Soldier</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a> (2004)</li> <li> The Good Samaritans: <a href="/wiki/Bono" title="Bono">Bono</a> / <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bill Gates</a> / <a href="/wiki/Melinda_French_Gates" title="Melinda French Gates">Melinda Gates</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/You_(Time_Person_of_the_Year)" title="You (Time Person of the Year)">You</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Vladimir Putin</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ben_Bernanke" title="Ben Bernanke">Ben Bernanke</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Zuckerberg" title="Mark Zuckerberg">Mark Zuckerberg</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protest" title="Protest">The Protester</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Francis" title="Pope Francis">Pope Francis</a> (2013)</li> <li> <a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_West_African_Ebola_virus_epidemic" title="Responses to the West African Ebola virus epidemic">Ebola Fighters</a>: Dr. Jerry Brown / Dr. <a href="/wiki/Kent_Brantly" title="Kent Brantly">Kent Brantly</a> / Ella Watson-Stryker / Foday Gollah / <a href="/wiki/Salome_Karwah" title="Salome Karwah">Salome Karwah</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angela_Merkel" title="Angela Merkel">Angela Merkel</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/MeToo_movement" title="MeToo movement">The Silence Breakers</a> (2017)</li> <li> The Guardians: <a href="/wiki/Jamal_Khashoggi" title="Jamal Khashoggi">Jamal Khashoggi</a> / <a href="/wiki/Maria_Ressa" title="Maria Ressa">Maria Ressa</a> / <a href="/wiki/Wa_Lone" title="Wa Lone">Wa Lone</a> / <a href="/wiki/Kyaw_Soe_Oo" title="Kyaw Soe Oo">Kyaw Soe Oo</a> / Staff of <a href="/wiki/Capital_Gazette_shooting" title="Capital Gazette shooting">The Capital</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greta_Thunberg" title="Greta Thunberg">Greta Thunberg</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a> / <a href="/wiki/Kamala_Harris" title="Kamala Harris">Kamala Harris</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elon_Musk" title="Elon Musk">Elon Musk</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volodymyr_Zelenskyy" title="Volodymyr Zelenskyy">Volodymyr Zelenskyy</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ukrainians" title="Ukrainians">Spirit of Ukraine</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taylor_Swift" title="Taylor Swift">Taylor Swift</a> (2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> (2024)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Jefferson_Awards_for_Public_Service39" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Jefferson_Award_Winners" title="Template:Jefferson Award Winners"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Jefferson_Award_Winners" title="Template talk:Jefferson Award Winners"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Jefferson_Award_Winners" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Jefferson Award Winners"><abbr title="Edit this 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Kissinger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elliot_Richardson" title="Elliot Richardson">Elliot Richardson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_W._Rodino" title="Peter W. Rodino">Peter W. Rodino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_F._Burns" title="Arthur F. Burns">Arthur F. Burns</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alan_Greenspan" title="Alan Greenspan">Alan Greenspan</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_E._Simon" title="William E. Simon">William E. Simon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Mansfield" title="Mike Mansfield">Michael Mansfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hubert_Humphrey" title="Hubert Humphrey">Hubert Humphrey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_A._Gibson" title="Kenneth A. Gibson">Kenneth A. Gibson</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Donald_Schaefer" title="William Donald Schaefer">William Donald Schaefer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Coleman_Young" title="Coleman Young">Coleman Young</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyrus_Vance" title="Cyrus Vance">Cyrus Vance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warren_Christopher" title="Warren Christopher">Warren Christopher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howard_Baker" title="Howard Baker">Howard Baker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Volcker" title="Paul Volcker">Paul Volcker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_H._Webster" title="William H. Webster">William H. Webster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Baker" title="James Baker">James Baker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Shultz" title="George Shultz">George Shultz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_J._Brennan_Jr." title="William J. Brennan Jr.">William J. Brennan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C._Everett_Koop" title="C. Everett Koop">C. Everett Koop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Nitze" title="Paul Nitze">Paul Nitze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colin_Powell" title="Colin Powell">Colin Powell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dick_Cheney" title="Dick Cheney">Dick Cheney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thurgood_Marshall" title="Thurgood Marshall">Thurgood Marshall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carla_Hills" class="mw-redirect" title="Carla Hills">Carla Hills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_J._Mitchell" title="George J. Mitchell">George J. Mitchell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bob_Michel" class="mw-redirect" title="Bob Michel">Bob Michel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Blackmun" title="Harry Blackmun">Harry Blackmun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam_Nunn" title="Sam Nunn">Sam Nunn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Dole" title="Bob Dole">Bob Dole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Rubin" title="Robert Rubin">Robert Rubin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Patrick_Moynihan" title="Daniel Patrick Moynihan">Daniel Patrick Moynihan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Glenn" title="John Glenn">John Glenn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madeleine_Albright" title="Madeleine Albright">Madeleine Albright</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudy_Giuliani" title="Rudy Giuliani">Rudy Giuliani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Condoleezza_Rice" title="Condoleezza Rice">Condoleezza Rice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandra_Day_O%27Connor" title="Sandra Day O'Connor">Sandra Day O'Connor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lee_Hamilton" title="Lee Hamilton">Lee Hamilton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Kean" title="Thomas Kean">Thomas Kean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Lewis" title="John Lewis">John Lewis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_M._Daley" title="Richard M. Daley">Richard M. Daley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Lieberman" title="Joe Lieberman">Joe Lieberman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ted_Kennedy" title="Ted Kennedy">Ted Kennedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Bloomberg" title="Michael Bloomberg">Michael Bloomberg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cory_Booker" title="Cory Booker">Cory Booker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruth_Bader_Ginsburg" title="Ruth Bader Ginsburg">Ruth Bader Ginsburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Petraeus" title="David Petraeus">David Petraeus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Coburn" title="Tom Coburn">Tom Coburn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Patrick_Leahy" title="Patrick Leahy">Patrick Leahy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabby_Giffords" title="Gabby Giffords">Gabby Giffords</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonia_Sotomayor" title="Sonia Sotomayor">Sonia Sotomayor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arne_Duncan" title="Arne Duncan">Arne Duncan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deval_Patrick" title="Deval Patrick">Deval Patrick</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="S._Roger_Horchow_Award_for_Outstanding_Public_Service_by_a_Private_Citizen74" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">S. Roger Horchow Award for Outstanding Public Service by a Private Citizen</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_W._Gardner" title="John W. Gardner">John W. Gardner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Nader" title="Ralph Nader">Ralph Nader</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katharine_Graham" title="Katharine Graham">Katharine Graham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_D._Rockefeller_III" title="John D. Rockefeller III">John D. Rockefeller III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_Buchwald" title="Art Buchwald">Art Buchwald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Mellon" title="Paul Mellon">Paul Mellon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howard_Jarvis" title="Howard Jarvis">Howard Jarvis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_Borlaug" title="Norman Borlaug">Norman Borlaug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Cronkite" title="Walter Cronkite">Walter Cronkite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Hope" title="Bob Hope">Bob Hope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirk_Douglas" title="Kirk Douglas">Kirk Douglas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Peter_Grace" title="J. Peter Grace">J. Peter Grace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lee_Iacocca" title="Lee Iacocca">Lee Iacocca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ross_Perot" title="Ross Perot">Ross Perot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irving_Brown" title="Irving Brown">Irving Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_W._Rouse" class="mw-redirect" title="James W. Rouse">James W. Rouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leo_Cherne" title="Leo Cherne">Leo Cherne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter">Jimmy Carter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Macauley" title="Robert Macauley">Robert Macauley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faye_Wattleton" title="Faye Wattleton">Faye Wattleton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_E._Burke" title="James E. Burke">James E. Burke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Brady" title="James Brady">James Brady</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sarah_Brady" title="Sarah Brady">Sarah Brady</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_H._Annenberg" class="mw-redirect" title="Walter H. Annenberg">Walter H. Annenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brian_Lamb" title="Brian Lamb">Brian Lamb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nancy_Brinker" title="Nancy Brinker">Nancy Brinker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oprah_Winfrey" title="Oprah Winfrey">Oprah Winfrey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Dole" title="Elizabeth Dole">Elizabeth Dole</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elayne_Bennett&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elayne Bennett (page does not exist)">Elayne Bennett</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ted_Benna&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ted Benna (page does not exist)">Ted Benna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lilly_Tartikoff" title="Lilly Tartikoff">Lilly Tartikoff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_Buydens" title="Anne Buydens">Anne Douglas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ken_Burns" title="Ken Burns">Ken Burns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vartan_Gregorian" title="Vartan Gregorian">Vartan Gregorian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_Sachs" title="Jeffrey Sachs">Jeffrey Sachs</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edward_Jagen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edward Jagen (page does not exist)">Edward Jagen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greg_Mortenson" title="Greg Mortenson">Greg Mortenson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pamela_Hawley" class="mw-redirect" title="Pamela Hawley">Pamela Hawley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Farmer" title="Paul Farmer">Paul Farmer</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bill_Shore&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bill Shore (page does not exist)">Bill Shore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Connick_Jr." title="Harry Connick Jr.">Harry Connick Jr.</a>, <a href="/wiki/Branford_Marsalis" title="Branford Marsalis">Branford Marsalis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elie_Wiesel" title="Elie Wiesel">Elie Wiesel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Shue" title="Andrew Shue">Andrew Shue</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charles_Best_(businessman)" title="Charles Best (businessman)">Charles Best</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeff_Skoll" class="mw-redirect" title="Jeff Skoll">Jeff Skoll</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ivan_Hageman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ivan Hageman (page does not exist)">Ivan Hageman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sean_Parker" title="Sean Parker">Sean Parker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Diamandis" title="Peter Diamandis">Peter Diamandis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sheila_Johnson" title="Sheila Johnson">Sheila Johnson</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Outstanding_Public_Service_Benefiting_the_Disadvantaged55" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Outstanding Public Service Benefiting the Disadvantaged</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cesar_Chavez" title="Cesar Chavez">Cesar Chavez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Szasz" title="Thomas Szasz">Thomas Szasz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leon_Sullivan" title="Leon Sullivan">Leon Sullivan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Hesburgh" title="Theodore Hesburgh">Theodore Hesburgh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howard_Rusk" class="mw-redirect" title="Howard Rusk">Howard Rusk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerry_Lewis" title="Jerry Lewis">Jerry Lewis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesse_Jackson" title="Jesse Jackson">Jesse Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allard_Lowenstein" class="mw-redirect" title="Allard Lowenstein">Allard Lowenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marva_Collins" title="Marva Collins">Marva Collins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claude_Pepper" title="Claude Pepper">Claude Pepper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_Hayes" title="Helen Hayes">Helen Hayes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maude_E._Callen" title="Maude E. Callen">Maude E. Callen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Betty_Ford" title="Betty Ford">Betty Ford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugene_Lang" title="Eugene Lang">Eugene Lang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ginetta_Sagan" title="Ginetta Sagan">Ginetta Sagan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruce_Ritter" title="Bruce Ritter">Bruce Ritter</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kimi_Gray&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kimi Gray (page does not exist)">Kimi Gray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaime_Escalante" title="Jaime Escalante">Jaime Escalante</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marian_Wright_Edelman" title="Marian Wright Edelman">Marian Wright Edelman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eunice_Shriver" class="mw-redirect" title="Eunice Shriver">Eunice Shriver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Ashe" title="Arthur Ashe">Arthur Ashe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Newman" title="Paul Newman">Paul Newman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joanne_Woodward" title="Joanne Woodward">Joanne Woodward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Bush" title="Barbara Bush">Barbara Bush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosalynn_Carter" title="Rosalynn Carter">Rosalynn Carter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oseola_McCarty" title="Oseola McCarty">Oseola McCarty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thaddeus_S._Lott_Sr." title="Thaddeus S. Lott Sr.">Thaddeus S. Lott Sr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Millard_Fuller" title="Millard Fuller">Millard Fuller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Carson" class="mw-redirect" title="Benjamin Carson">Benjamin Carson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Height" title="Dorothy Height">Dorothy Height</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bill Gates</a>, <a href="/wiki/Melinda_Gates" class="mw-redirect" title="Melinda Gates">Melinda Gates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mathilde_Krim" title="Mathilde Krim">Mathilde Krim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_L._Shuttlesworth" class="mw-redirect" title="Fred L. Shuttlesworth">Fred L. Shuttlesworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dave_Pelzer" title="Dave Pelzer">Dave Pelzer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I._King_Jordan" title="I. King Jordan">I. King Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Canada" title="Geoffrey Canada">Geoffrey Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darell_Hammond" title="Darell Hammond">Darell Hammond</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_E._Milliken&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William E. Milliken (page does not exist)">William E. Milliken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Gibbons_(US_executive)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jim Gibbons (US executive)">Jim Gibbons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerry_Reinsdorf" title="Jerry Reinsdorf">Jerry Reinsdorf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Proudfit" class="mw-redirect" title="Richard Proudfit">Richard Proudfit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolores_Huerta" title="Dolores Huerta">Dolores Huerta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedro_Jos%C3%A9_Greer" title="Pedro José Greer">Pedro José Greer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyle_Zimmer" title="Kyle Zimmer">Kyle Zimmer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Samuel_S._Beard_Award_for_Outstanding_Public_Service_by_an_Individual_35_Years_or_Under87" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Samuel S. Beard Award for Outstanding Public Service by an Individual 35 Years or Under</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Yablonski" title="Joseph Yablonski">Joseph Yablonski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maynard_Jackson" title="Maynard Jackson">Maynard Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emmett_Tyrrell" title="Emmett Tyrrell">Emmett Tyrrell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vilma_Socorro_Mart%C3%ADnez" title="Vilma Socorro Martínez">Vilma S. Martinez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Cleland" title="Max Cleland">Max Cleland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernard_Powell" title="Bernard Powell">Bernard Powell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denis_Hayes" title="Denis Hayes">Denis Hayes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_at_the_1980_Winter_Olympics#Ice_hockey" title="United States at the 1980 Winter Olympics">1980 US Olympic Hockey Team</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Stockman" title="David Stockman">David Stockman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Cisneros" title="Henry Cisneros">Henry Cisneros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jan_Scruggs" title="Jan Scruggs">Jan Scruggs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sally_Ride" title="Sally Ride">Sally Ride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trevor_Ferrell" title="Trevor Ferrell">Trevor Ferrell</a></li> <li>Robert Hayes</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Jobs" title="Steve Jobs">Steve Jobs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marlee_Matlin" title="Marlee Matlin">Marlee Matlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marc_Buoniconti" class="mw-redirect" title="Marc Buoniconti">Marc Buoniconti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_Donahue" title="Anne Donahue">Anne Donahue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wendy_Kopp" title="Wendy Kopp">Wendy Kopp</a></li> <li>Michael Brown, <a href="/wiki/Alan_Khazei" title="Alan Khazei">Alan Khazei</a></li> <li>Mary Taylor</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wayne_Meisel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wayne Meisel (page does not exist)">Wayne Meisel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stacey_Bess" title="Stacey Bess">Stacey Bess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrea_Jaeger" title="Andrea Jaeger">Andrea Jaeger</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Danziger&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Michael Danziger (page does not exist)">Michael Danziger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bobby_Jindal" title="Bobby Jindal">Bobby Jindal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Shriver" title="Anthony Shriver">Anthony Shriver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faith_Hill" title="Faith Hill">Faith Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lance_Armstrong" title="Lance Armstrong">Lance Armstrong</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chad_Pregracke&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chad Pregracke (page does not exist)">Chad Pregracke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_Meyer" title="Matthew Meyer">Matthew Meyer</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kirsten_Lodal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kirsten Lodal (page does not exist)">Kirsten Lodal</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Brian_Kreiter&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brian Kreiter (page does not exist)">Brian Kreiter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Shuldiner" class="mw-redirect" title="Benjamin Shuldiner">Benjamin Shuldiner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peyton_Manning" title="Peyton Manning">Peyton Manning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lindsay_Hyde" title="Lindsay Hyde">Lindsay Hyde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ocean_Robbins" title="Ocean Robbins">Ocean Robbins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jennifer_Staple" class="mw-redirect" title="Jennifer Staple">Jennifer Staple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tad_Skylar_Agoglia" class="mw-redirect" title="Tad Skylar Agoglia">Tad Skylar Agoglia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brittany_Bergquist&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brittany Bergquist (page does not exist)">Brittany Bergquist</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Robbie_Bergquist&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robbie Bergquist (page does not exist)">Robbie Bergquist</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amber_Lynn_Coffman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Amber Lynn Coffman (page does not exist)">Amber Lynn Coffman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neilesh_Patel" title="Neilesh Patel">Neilesh Patel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Andraka" title="Jack Andraka">Jack Andraka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lauren_Bush" title="Lauren Bush">Lauren Bush</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Young_American_Soldier&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Young American Soldier (page does not exist)">The Young American Soldier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrisse_Cullors" title="Patrisse Cullors">Patrisse Cullors</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alicia_Garza" title="Alicia Garza">Alicia Garza</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ay%E1%BB%8D_Tometi" title="Ayọ Tometi">Ayọ Tometi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Outstanding_Public_Service_in_Professional_Sports49" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Outstanding Public Service in Professional Sports</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nnamdi_Asomugha" title="Nnamdi Asomugha">Nnamdi Asomugha</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tyrus_Thomas" title="Tyrus Thomas">Tyrus Thomas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Curtis_Granderson" title="Curtis Granderson">Curtis Granderson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stuart_Holden" title="Stuart Holden">Stuart Holden</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dwight_Howard" title="Dwight Howard">Dwight Howard</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dirk_Nowitzki" title="Dirk Nowitzki">Dirk Nowitzki</a>, <a href="/wiki/Justin_Tuck" title="Justin Tuck">Justin Tuck</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lauryn_Williams" title="Lauryn Williams">Lauryn Williams</a>, <a href="/wiki/Venus_Williams" title="Venus Williams">Venus Williams</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ryan_Zimmerman" title="Ryan Zimmerman">Ryan Zimmerman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drew_Brees" title="Drew Brees">Drew Brees</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tamika_Catchings" title="Tamika Catchings">Tamika Catchings</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Curry" title="Stephen Curry">Stephen Curry</a>, <a href="/wiki/Warrick_Dunn" title="Warrick Dunn">Warrick Dunn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brad_Davis_(soccer)" title="Brad Davis (soccer)">Brad Davis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ernie_Els" title="Ernie Els">Ernie Els</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ryan_Hall_(runner)" title="Ryan Hall (runner)">Ryan Hall</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paul_Pierce" title="Paul Pierce">Paul Pierce</a>, <a href="/wiki/CC_Sabathia" title="CC Sabathia">CC Sabathia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brian_Westbrook" title="Brian Westbrook">Brian Westbrook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Affeldt" title="Jeremy Affeldt">Jeremy Affeldt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dereck_Faulkner" title="Dereck Faulkner">Dereck Faulkner</a>, <a href="/wiki/Julie_Foudy" title="Julie Foudy">Julie Foudy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jeff_Karstens" title="Jeff Karstens">Jeff Karstens</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jim_Kelly" title="Jim Kelly">Jim Kelly</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charlie_Kimball" title="Charlie Kimball">Charlie Kimball</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pat_LaFontaine" title="Pat LaFontaine">Pat LaFontaine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hannibal_Navies" title="Hannibal Navies">Hannibal Navies</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jeff_Saturday" title="Jeff Saturday">Jeff Saturday</a>, <a href="/wiki/Troy_Vincent" title="Troy Vincent">Troy Vincent</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marty_Lyons" title="Marty Lyons">Marty Lyons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Ein" title="Mark Ein">Mark Ein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariano_Rivera" title="Mariano Rivera">Mariano Rivera</a>, <a href="/wiki/James_Thrash" title="James Thrash">James Thrash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_Jackson_(running_back)" title="Fred Jackson (running back)">Fred Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_Decker" title="Eric Decker">Eric Decker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Torre" title="Joe Torre">Joe Torre</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Lifetime_Achievement_in_Public_Service38" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Lifetime Achievement in Public Service</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ray_Chambers" title="Ray Chambers">Ray Chambers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marlo_Thomas" title="Marlo Thomas">Marlo Thomas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Craig_Hatkoff" title="Craig Hatkoff">Craig Hatkoff</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jane_Rosenthal" title="Jane Rosenthal">Jane Rosenthal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_De_Niro" title="Robert De Niro">Robert De Niro</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Robin_Hood_Foundation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Robin Hood Foundation (page does not exist)">The Robin Hood Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Brokaw" title="Tom Brokaw">Tom Brokaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billie_Jean_King" title="Billie Jean King">Billie Jean King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Belafonte" title="Harry Belafonte">Harry Belafonte</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Outstanding_National_or_Global_Service_by_a_Young_American_25_Years_or_Under76" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Outstanding National or Global Service by a Young American 25 Years or Under</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ellie_Duke&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ellie Duke (page does not exist)">Ellie Duke</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Katherine_Foronda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Katherine Foronda (page does not exist)">Katherine Foronda</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ted_Gonder" title="Ted Gonder">Ted Gonder</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dallas_Jessup&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dallas Jessup (page does not exist)">Dallas Jessup</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Emma_Lindle&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Emma Lindle (page does not exist)">Emma Lindle</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tristan_Love&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tristan Love (page does not exist)">Tristan Love</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jessie_Mintz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jessie Mintz (page does not exist)">Jessie Mintz</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Zoe_Ridolfi-Starr&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zoe Ridolfi-Starr (page does not exist)">Zoe Ridolfi-Starr</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Joe_Togani&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joe Togani (page does not exist)">Joe Togani</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kelly_Voigt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kelly Voigt (page does not exist)">Kelly Voigt</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sicomac_Elementary_School_Student_Council&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sicomac Elementary School Student Council (page does not exist)">Sicomac Elementary School Student Council</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sashin_Choksh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sashin Choksh (page does not exist)">Sashin Choksh</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Morgan_Harley&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Morgan Harley (page does not exist)">Morgan Harley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Greg_Nance" title="Greg Nance">Greg Nance</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nick_Hebert&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nick Hebert (page does not exist)">Nick Hebert</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Patrick_Ip&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Patrick Ip (page does not exist)">Patrick Ip</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Talia_Lemon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Talia Lemon (page does not exist)">Talia Lemon</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sarah_Nuss&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sarah Nuss (page does not exist)">Sarah Nuss</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mordecai_Scott&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mordecai Scott (page does not exist)">Mordecai Scott</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jessica_Singer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jessica Singer (page does not exist)">Jessica Singer</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tyrone_Stevenson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tyrone Stevenson (page does not exist)">Tyrone Stevenson</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vanessa_Strickland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vanessa Strickland (page does not exist)">Vanessa Strickland</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lillian_Pravda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lillian Pravda (page does not exist)">Lillian Pravda</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maria_Keller" title="Maria Keller">Maria Keller</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Corinne_Hindes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Corinne Hindes (page does not exist)">Corinne Hindes</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Katrine_Krisebom&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Katrine Krisebom (page does not exist)">Katrine Krisebom</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robby_Novak" title="Robby Novak">Kid President</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sophia_S%C3%A1nchez-Maes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sophia Sánchez-Maes (page does not exist)">Sophia Sánchez-Maes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laurie_Hernandez" title="Laurie Hernandez">Laurie Hernandez</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Outstanding_Public_Service_by_a_Corporation43" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Outstanding Public Service by a Corporation</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prudential_Financial" title="Prudential Financial">Prudential</a>, <a href="/wiki/Starkey_Laboratories" class="mw-redirect" title="Starkey Laboratories">Starkey Laboratories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pfizer" title="Pfizer">Pfizer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Electric" title="General Electric">General Electric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weyerhaeuser" title="Weyerhaeuser">Weyerhaeuser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Target_Corporation" title="Target Corporation">Target Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salesforce" title="Salesforce">Salesforce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warby_Parker" title="Warby Parker">Warby Parker</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Time_100:_The_Most_Important_People_of_the_20th_Century213" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Time_100:_The_Most_Important_People_of_the_Century" title="Template:Time 100: The Most Important People of the Century"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Time_100:_The_Most_Important_People_of_the_Century" title="Template talk:Time 100: The Most Important People of the Century"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Time_100:_The_Most_Important_People_of_the_Century" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Time 100: The Most Important People of the Century"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Time_100:_The_Most_Important_People_of_the_20th_Century213" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Time_100:_The_Most_Important_People_of_the_Century" title="Time 100: The Most Important People of the Century">Time 100: The Most Important People of the 20th Century</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Leaders & revolutionaries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/David_Ben-Gurion" title="David Ben-Gurion">David Ben-Gurion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill">Winston Churchill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi" title="Mahatma Gandhi">Mahatma Gandhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Gorbachev" title="Mikhail Gorbachev">Mikhail Gorbachev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler" title="Adolf Hitler">Adolf Hitler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh" title="Ho Chi Minh">Ho Chi Minh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_John_Paul_II" title="Pope John Paul II">Pope John Paul II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruhollah_Khomeini" title="Ruhollah Khomeini">Ruhollah Khomeini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther_King_Jr." title="Martin Luther King Jr.">Martin Luther King Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Lenin" title="Vladimir Lenin">Vladimir Lenin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nelson_Mandela" title="Nelson Mandela">Nelson Mandela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mao_Zedong" title="Mao Zedong">Mao Zedong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleanor_Roosevelt" title="Eleanor Roosevelt">Eleanor Roosevelt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Franklin D. Roosevelt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt" title="Theodore Roosevelt">Theodore Roosevelt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Sanger" title="Margaret Sanger">Margaret Sanger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Thatcher" title="Margaret Thatcher">Margaret Thatcher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tank_Man" title="Tank Man">Unknown Tiananmen Square rebel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lech_Wa%C5%82%C4%99sa" title="Lech Wałęsa">Lech Wałęsa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists & entertainers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Armstrong" title="Louis Armstrong">Louis Armstrong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucille_Ball" title="Lucille Ball">Lucille Ball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Beatles" title="The Beatles">The Beatles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marlon_Brando" title="Marlon Brando">Marlon Brando</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coco_Chanel" title="Coco Chanel">Coco Chanel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlie_Chaplin" title="Charlie Chaplin">Charlie Chaplin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Corbusier" title="Le Corbusier">Le Corbusier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Dylan" title="Bob Dylan">Bob Dylan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T._S._Eliot" title="T. S. Eliot">T. S. Eliot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aretha_Franklin" title="Aretha Franklin">Aretha Franklin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martha_Graham" title="Martha Graham">Martha Graham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Henson" title="Jim Henson">Jim Henson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Joyce" title="James Joyce">James Joyce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pablo_Picasso" title="Pablo Picasso">Pablo Picasso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Rodgers_and_Oscar_Hammerstein" class="mw-redirect" title="Richard Rodgers and Oscar Hammerstein">Richard Rodgers and Oscar Hammerstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bart_Simpson" title="Bart Simpson">Bart Simpson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Sinatra" title="Frank Sinatra">Frank Sinatra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steven_Spielberg" title="Steven Spielberg">Steven Spielberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Igor_Stravinsky" title="Igor Stravinsky">Igor Stravinsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oprah_Winfrey" title="Oprah Winfrey">Oprah Winfrey</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Builders & titans</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Bechtel_Sr." title="Stephen Bechtel Sr.">Stephen Bechtel Sr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leo_Burnett" title="Leo Burnett">Leo Burnett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willis_Carrier" title="Willis Carrier">Willis Carrier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walt_Disney" title="Walt Disney">Walt Disney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Ford" title="Henry Ford">Henry Ford</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bill Gates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amadeo_Giannini" title="Amadeo Giannini">Amadeo Giannini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ray_Kroc" title="Ray Kroc">Ray Kroc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Est%C3%A9e_Lauder_(businesswoman)" title="Estée Lauder (businesswoman)">Estée Lauder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Levitt" title="William Levitt">William Levitt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucky_Luciano" title="Lucky Luciano">Lucky Luciano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_B._Mayer" title="Louis B. Mayer">Louis B. Mayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_E._Merrill" title="Charles E. Merrill">Charles E. Merrill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akio_Morita" title="Akio Morita">Akio Morita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Reuther" title="Walter Reuther">Walter Reuther</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pete_Rozelle" title="Pete Rozelle">Pete Rozelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Sarnoff" title="David Sarnoff">David Sarnoff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Trippe" title="Juan Trippe">Juan Trippe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam_Walton" title="Sam Walton">Sam Walton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_J._Watson_Jr." title="Thomas J. Watson Jr.">Thomas J. Watson Jr.</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Scientists & thinkers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leo_Baekeland" title="Leo Baekeland">Leo Baekeland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Berners-Lee" title="Tim Berners-Lee">Tim Berners-Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rachel_Carson" title="Rachel Carson">Rachel Carson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein">Albert Einstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philo_Farnsworth" title="Philo Farnsworth">Philo Farnsworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enrico_Fermi" title="Enrico Fermi">Enrico Fermi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Fleming" title="Alexander Fleming">Alexander Fleming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sigmund_Freud" title="Sigmund Freud">Sigmund Freud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_H._Goddard" title="Robert H. Goddard">Robert H. Goddard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurt_G%C3%B6del" title="Kurt Gödel">Kurt Gödel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edwin_Hubble" title="Edwin Hubble">Edwin Hubble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Maynard_Keynes" title="John Maynard Keynes">John Maynard Keynes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leakey_family" title="Leakey family">Leakey family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Piaget" title="Jean Piaget">Jean Piaget</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonas_Salk" title="Jonas Salk">Jonas Salk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Shockley" title="William Shockley">William Shockley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Turing" title="Alan Turing">Alan Turing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Crick" title="Francis Crick">Francis Crick</a> & <a href="/wiki/James_Watson" title="James Watson">James Watson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ludwig_Wittgenstein" title="Ludwig Wittgenstein">Ludwig Wittgenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wright_brothers" title="Wright brothers">Wright brothers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Heroes & icons</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Ali" title="Muhammad Ali">Muhammad Ali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G.I." title="G.I.">The American G.I.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diana,_Princess_of_Wales" title="Diana, Princess of Wales">Lady Diana Spencer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_Frank" title="Anne Frank">Anne Frank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billy_Graham" title="Billy Graham">Billy Graham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Che_Guevara" title="Che Guevara">Che Guevara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmund_Hillary" title="Edmund Hillary">Edmund Hillary</a> & <a href="/wiki/Tenzing_Norgay" title="Tenzing Norgay">Tenzing Norgay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_Keller" title="Helen Keller">Helen Keller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kennedy_family" title="Kennedy family">Kennedy family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruce_Lee" title="Bruce Lee">Bruce Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Lindbergh" title="Charles Lindbergh">Charles Lindbergh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harvey_Milk" title="Harvey Milk">Harvey Milk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marilyn_Monroe" title="Marilyn Monroe">Marilyn Monroe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emmeline_Pankhurst" title="Emmeline Pankhurst">Emmeline Pankhurst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosa_Parks" title="Rosa Parks">Rosa Parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pel%C3%A9" title="Pelé">Pelé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jackie_Robinson" title="Jackie Robinson">Jackie Robinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrei_Sakharov" title="Andrei Sakharov">Andrei Sakharov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mother_Teresa" title="Mother Teresa">Mother Teresa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_W." title="Bill W.">Bill W.</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Wealthiest_people_in_the_United_States_by_state47" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Wealthiest_people_in_the_United_States" title="Template:Wealthiest people in the United States"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Wealthiest_people_in_the_United_States" title="Template talk:Wealthiest people in the United States"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Wealthiest_people_in_the_United_States" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Wealthiest people in the United States"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Wealthiest_people_in_the_United_States_by_state47" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Wealthiest people in the United States by state</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:left; padding:0em 0.5em;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 20em;"> <div><div style="font-weight:bold; width:2em; display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/Alabama" title="Alabama">AL</a></div> <div style="display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Rane" title="Jimmy Rane">Jimmy Rane</a></div></div> <div><div style="font-weight:bold; width:2em; display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska">AK</a></div> <div style="display:inline-block;">Leonard Hyde and Jonathan Rubini</div></div> <div><div style="font-weight:bold; width:2em; display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/Arizona" title="Arizona">AZ</a></div> <div style="display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Garcia_II" title="Ernest Garcia II">Ernest Garcia II</a></div></div> <div><div style="font-weight:bold; width:2em; display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/Arkansas" title="Arkansas">AR</a></div> <div style="display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/Alice_Walton" title="Alice Walton">Alice</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jim_Walton" title="Jim Walton">Jim Walton</a></div></div> <div><div style="font-weight:bold; width:2em; display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/California" title="California">CA</a></div> <div style="display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/Mark_Zuckerberg" title="Mark Zuckerberg">Mark Zuckerberg</a></div></div> <div><div style="font-weight:bold; width:2em; display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/Colorado" title="Colorado">CO</a></div> <div style="display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/Philip_Anschutz" title="Philip Anschutz">Philip Anschutz</a></div></div> <div><div style="font-weight:bold; width:2em; display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/Connecticut" title="Connecticut">CT</a></div> <div style="display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/Steve_Cohen_(businessman)" title="Steve Cohen (businessman)">Steve Cohen</a></div></div> <div><div style="font-weight:bold; width:2em; display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/Delaware" title="Delaware">DE</a></div> <div style="display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/W._L._Gore_and_Associates" class="mw-redirect" title="W. L. Gore and Associates">Elizabeth Snyder</a></div></div> <div><div style="font-weight:bold; width:2em; display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/Florida" title="Florida">FL</a></div> <div style="display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/Jeff_Bezos" title="Jeff Bezos">Jeff Bezos</a></div></div> <div><div style="font-weight:bold; width:2em; display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="Georgia (U.S. state)">GA</a></div> <div style="display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/Chick-fil-A" title="Chick-fil-A">The Cathys</a></div></div> <div><div style="font-weight:bold; width:2em; display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/Hawaii" title="Hawaii">HI</a></div> <div style="display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Omidyar" title="Pierre Omidyar">Pierre Omidyar</a></div></div> <div><div style="font-weight:bold; width:2em; display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/Idaho" title="Idaho">ID</a></div> <div style="display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/Frank_L._VanderSloot" class="mw-redirect" title="Frank L. VanderSloot">Frank VanderSloot</a></div></div> <div><div style="font-weight:bold; width:2em; display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois">IL</a></div> <div style="display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/Lukas_Walton" title="Lukas Walton">Lukas Walton</a></div></div> <div><div style="font-weight:bold; width:2em; display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/Indiana" title="Indiana">IN</a></div> <div style="display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/Carl_Cook" title="Carl Cook">Carl Cook</a></div></div> <div><div style="font-weight:bold; width:2em; display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/Iowa" title="Iowa">IA</a></div> <div style="display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/Harry_Stine_(businessman)" title="Harry Stine (businessman)">Harry Stine</a></div></div> <div><div style="font-weight:bold; width:2em; display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/Kansas" title="Kansas">KS</a></div> <div style="display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Koch" title="Charles Koch">Charles Koch</a></div></div> <div><div style="font-weight:bold; width:2em; display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/Kentucky" title="Kentucky">KY</a></div> <div style="display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/Tamara_Gustavson" title="Tamara Gustavson">Tamara Gustavson</a></div></div> <div><div style="font-weight:bold; width:2em; display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/Louisiana" title="Louisiana">LA</a></div> <div style="display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/Todd_Graves_(entrepreneur)" title="Todd Graves (entrepreneur)">Todd Graves</a></div></div> <div><div style="font-weight:bold; width:2em; display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/Maine" title="Maine">ME</a></div> <div style="display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/Susan_Alfond" title="Susan Alfond">Susan Alfond</a></div></div> <div><div style="font-weight:bold; width:2em; display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/Maryland" title="Maryland">MD</a></div> <div style="display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/Ted_Lerner" title="Ted Lerner">Annette Lerner</a></div></div> <div><div style="font-weight:bold; width:2em; display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">MA</a></div> <div style="display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/Abigail_Johnson" title="Abigail Johnson">Abigail Johnson</a></div></div> <div><div style="font-weight:bold; width:2em; display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan">MI</a></div> <div style="display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/Dan_Gilbert" title="Dan Gilbert">Daniel Gilbert</a></div></div> <div><div style="font-weight:bold; width:2em; display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/Minnesota" title="Minnesota">MN</a></div> <div style="display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/Glen_Taylor" title="Glen Taylor">Glen Taylor</a></div></div> <div><div style="font-weight:bold; width:2em; display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/Mississippi" title="Mississippi">MS</a></div> <div style="display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/James_Duff_(businessman)" title="James Duff (businessman)">James</a> and <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Duff_(businessman)" title="Thomas Duff (businessman)">Thomas Duff</a></div></div> <div><div style="font-weight:bold; width:2em; display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/Missouri" title="Missouri">MO</a></div> <div style="display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/Johnny_Morris_(businessman)" title="Johnny Morris (businessman)">John Morris</a></div></div> <div><div style="font-weight:bold; width:2em; display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/Montana" title="Montana">MT</a></div> <div style="display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/Dennis_Washington" title="Dennis Washington">Dennis Washington</a></div></div> <div><div style="font-weight:bold; width:2em; display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/Nebraska" title="Nebraska">NE</a></div> <div style="display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/Warren_Buffett" title="Warren Buffett">Warren Buffett</a></div></div> <div><div style="font-weight:bold; width:2em; display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/Nevada" title="Nevada">NV</a></div> <div style="display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/Miriam_Adelson" title="Miriam Adelson">Miriam Adelson</a></div></div> <div><div style="font-weight:bold; width:2em; display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/New_Hampshire" title="New Hampshire">NH</a></div> <div style="display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/Richard_B._Cohen" title="Richard B. Cohen">Richard B. Cohen</a></div></div> <div><div style="font-weight:bold; width:2em; display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey">NJ</a></div> <div style="display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/Rocco_B._Commisso" title="Rocco B. Commisso">Rocco B. Commisso</a></div></div> <div><div style="font-weight:bold; width:2em; display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/New_Mexico" title="New Mexico">NM</a></div> <div style="display:inline-block;">Ron Corio</div></div> <div><div style="font-weight:bold; width:2em; display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">NY</a></div> <div style="display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Bloomberg" title="Michael Bloomberg">Michael Bloomberg</a></div></div> <div><div style="font-weight:bold; width:2em; display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/North_Carolina" title="North Carolina">NC</a></div> <div style="display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/James_Goodnight" title="James Goodnight">James Goodnight</a></div></div> <div><div style="font-weight:bold; width:2em; display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/North_Dakota" title="North Dakota">ND</a></div> <div style="display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/Gary_Tharaldson" title="Gary Tharaldson">Gary Tharaldson</a></div></div> <div><div style="font-weight:bold; width:2em; display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio">OH</a></div> <div style="display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/Les_Wexner" title="Les Wexner">Les Wexner</a></div></div> <div><div style="font-weight:bold; width:2em; display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/Oklahoma" title="Oklahoma">OK</a></div> <div style="display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/Harold_Hamm" title="Harold Hamm">Harold Hamm</a></div></div> <div><div style="font-weight:bold; width:2em; display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/Oregon" title="Oregon">OR</a></div> <div style="display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/Phil_Knight" title="Phil Knight">Phil Knight</a></div></div> <div><div style="font-weight:bold; width:2em; display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania">PA</a></div> <div style="display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/Jeff_Yass" title="Jeff Yass">Jeff Yass</a></div></div> <div><div style="font-weight:bold; width:2em; display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/Rhode_Island" title="Rhode Island">RI</a></div> <div style="display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_M._Nelson" title="Jonathan M. Nelson">Jonathan Nelson</a></div></div> <div><div style="font-weight:bold; width:2em; display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/South_Carolina" title="South Carolina">SC</a></div> <div style="display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/Bob_Faith" title="Bob Faith">Bob Faith</a></div></div> <div><div style="font-weight:bold; width:2em; display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/South_Dakota" title="South Dakota">SD</a></div> <div style="display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/T._Denny_Sanford" title="T. Denny Sanford">T. Denny Sanford</a></div></div> <div><div style="font-weight:bold; width:2em; display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/Tennessee" title="Tennessee">TN</a></div> <div style="display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_F._Frist_Jr." title="Thomas F. Frist Jr.">Thomas Frist Jr.</a></div></div> <div><div style="font-weight:bold; width:2em; display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">TX</a></div> <div style="display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/Elon_Musk" title="Elon Musk">Elon Musk</a></div></div> <div><div style="font-weight:bold; width:2em; display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/Utah" title="Utah">UT</a></div> <div style="display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/Gail_Miller_(businesswoman)" title="Gail Miller (businesswoman)">Gail Miller</a></div></div> <div><div style="font-weight:bold; width:2em; display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/Vermont" title="Vermont">VT</a></div> <div style="display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/John_Abele" title="John Abele">John Abele</a></div></div> <div><div style="font-weight:bold; width:2em; display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/Virginia" title="Virginia">VA</a></div> <div style="display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/Jacqueline_Mars" title="Jacqueline Mars">Jacqueline Mars</a></div></div> <div><div style="font-weight:bold; width:2em; display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/Washington_(state)" title="Washington (state)">WA</a></div> <div style="display:inline-block;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bill Gates</a></div></div> <div><div style="font-weight:bold; width:2em; display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/West_Virginia" title="West Virginia">WV</a></div> <div style="display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/Brad_D._Smith" title="Brad D. Smith">Brad D. Smith</a></div></div> <div><div style="font-weight:bold; width:2em; display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/Wisconsin" title="Wisconsin">WI</a></div> <div style="display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/John_Menard_Jr." title="John Menard Jr.">John Menard Jr.</a></div></div> <div><div style="font-weight:bold; width:2em; display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/Wyoming" title="Wyoming">WY</a></div> <div style="display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/John_Franklyn_Mars" title="John Franklyn Mars">John Mars</a></div></div> </div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Noto_Emoji_Oreo_1f33e.svg/20px-Noto_Emoji_Oreo_1f33e.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Noto_Emoji_Oreo_1f33e.svg/40px-Noto_Emoji_Oreo_1f33e.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Agriculture" title="Portal:Agriculture">Agriculture</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/19px-P_vip.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/28px-P_vip.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/37px-P_vip.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1911" data-file-height="1944" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Biography" title="Portal:Biography">Biography</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem-money.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Emblem-money.svg/20px-Emblem-money.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Emblem-money.svg/40px-Emblem-money.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Business" title="Portal:Business">Business</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Industry5.svg/19px-Industry5.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Industry5.svg/29px-Industry5.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Industry5.svg/38px-Industry5.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Companies" title="Portal:Companies">Companies</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><a href="/wiki/File:Octicons-terminal.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Octicons-terminal.svg/17px-Octicons-terminal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Octicons-terminal.svg/25px-Octicons-terminal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Octicons-terminal.svg/33px-Octicons-terminal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="896" data-file-height="1024" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Computer_programming" title="Portal:Computer programming">Computer programming</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Earth_Day_Flag.png/21px-Earth_Day_Flag.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Earth_Day_Flag.png/32px-Earth_Day_Flag.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Earth_Day_Flag.png/42px-Earth_Day_Flag.png 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Ecology" title="Portal:Ecology">Ecology</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><a href="/wiki/File:Crystal_Clear_app_linneighborhood.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Crystal_Clear_app_linneighborhood.svg/20px-Crystal_Clear_app_linneighborhood.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Crystal_Clear_app_linneighborhood.svg/40px-Crystal_Clear_app_linneighborhood.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="407" data-file-height="407" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Internet" title="Portal:Internet">Internet</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/WHO_Rod.svg/20px-WHO_Rod.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="19" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="107" data-file-height="250" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Medicine" title="Portal:Medicine">Medicine</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><a href="/wiki/File:Wind-turbine-icon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Wind-turbine-icon.svg/19px-Wind-turbine-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Wind-turbine-icon.svg/29px-Wind-turbine-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Wind-turbine-icon.svg/38px-Wind-turbine-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Renewable_energy" title="Portal:Renewable energy">Renewable energy</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><a href="/wiki/File:Noun-technology.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Noun-technology.svg/19px-Noun-technology.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Noun-technology.svg/30px-Noun-technology.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Noun-technology.svg/39px-Noun-technology.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="90" data-file-height="88" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Technology" title="Portal:Technology">Technology</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/21px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/42px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:United_States" title="Portal:United States">United States</a></li></ul></div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236088147">.mw-parser-output .sister-bar{display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline;font-size:88%;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em 0 0;padding:0 2em}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;padding:0.2em 0;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px;line-height:22px}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;align-items:baseline;padding:0.2em 0;column-gap:1em;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-item{display:flex;align-items:baseline;margin:0.15em 0;min-height:24px;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-logo{width:22px;line-height:22px;margin:0 0.2em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-link{margin:0 0.2em;text-align:left}@media screen and (max-width:960px){.mw-parser-output .sister-bar{flex-flow:column wrap;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-header{flex:0 1}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-content{flex:1;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-item{flex:0 0 20em;min-width:20em}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+link+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+style+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+.navbox-styles+.portal-bar{margin-top:-1px}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sister-bar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="noprint metadata sister-bar" role="navigation" aria-label="sister-projects"><div class="sister-bar-header">Bill Gates at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects">sister projects</a>:</div><ul class="sister-bar-content"><li class="sister-bar-item"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Bill_Gates" class="extiw" title="c:Bill Gates">Media</a> from Commons</li><li class="sister-bar-item"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/21px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/32px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/42px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="415" /><a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Category:Bill_Gates" class="extiw" title="n:Category:Bill Gates">News</a> from Wikinews</li><li class="sister-bar-item"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/16px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/24px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/32px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Bill_Gates" class="extiw" title="q:Bill Gates">Quotations</a> from Wikiquote</li><li class="sister-bar-item"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/20px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/40px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Author:William_Henry_Gates" class="extiw" title="s:Author:William Henry Gates">Texts</a> from Wikisource</li><li class="sister-bar-item"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/21px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/32px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/42px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5284" class="extiw" title="d:Q5284">Data</a> from Wikidata</li></ul></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5284#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata3819" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5284#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata3819" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5284#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000109296053">ISNI</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/102370574">VIAF</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/280865/">FAST</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJht7KghFW37B8QcPgCG73">WorldCat</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/119081199">Germany</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n91008414">United States</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12057155q">France</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12057155q">BnF data</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00513394">Japan</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35309122">Australia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=jn20000601714&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX926317">Spain</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p088807568">Netherlands</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90621148">Norway</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000026992&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000142390&local_base=nsk10">Croatia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bncatalogo.cl/F?func=direct&local_base=red10&doc_number=000289814">Chile</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.nlg.gr/cgi-bin/koha/opac-authoritiesdetail.pl?authid=71642">Greece</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lod.nl.go.kr/resource/KAC200712659">Korea</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/b8nqs69v2rff16n">Sweden</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810675952605606">Poland</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007300576805171">Israel</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981060921873306706">Catalonia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.kbr.be/LIBRARY/doc/AUTHORITY/14377470">Belgium</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA1331794X?l=en">CiNii</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dl.acm.org/profile/99658617825">Association for Computing Machinery</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.uri?authorId=15848207200">Scopus</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dblp.org/pid/g/BillGates">DBLP</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=&role=&nation=&subjectid=500356023">ULAN</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/artist/ef958680-aa07-48d2-8c81-4b9335a86bb9">MusicBrainz</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/906454">Trove</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/119081199.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/119081199">DDB</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/032108222">IdRef</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w64q88mq">SNAC</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bill_Gates&oldid=1280893159">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bill_Gates&oldid=1280893159</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Bill_Gates" title="Category:Bill Gates">Bill Gates</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1955_births" title="Category:1955 births">1955 births</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Living_people" title="Category:Living people">Living people</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:20th-century_American_businesspeople" title="Category:20th-century American businesspeople">20th-century American businesspeople</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:21st-century_American_businesspeople" title="Category:21st-century American businesspeople">21st-century American businesspeople</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:21st-century_American_philanthropists" title="Category:21st-century American philanthropists">21st-century American philanthropists</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:American_billionaires" title="Category:American billionaires">American billionaires</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:American_chairpersons_of_corporations" title="Category:American chairpersons of corporations">American chairpersons of corporations</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:American_computer_businesspeople" title="Category:American computer businesspeople">American computer businesspeople</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:American_computer_programmers" title="Category:American computer programmers">American computer programmers</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:American_financiers" title="Category:American financiers">American financiers</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Inventors_from_Washington_(state)" title="Category:Inventors from Washington (state)">Inventors from Washington (state)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:American_memoirists" title="Category:American memoirists">American memoirists</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:American_nonprofit_chief_executives" title="Category:American nonprofit chief executives">American nonprofit chief executives</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:American_people_of_English_descent" title="Category:American people of English descent">American people of English descent</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:American_people_of_German_descent" title="Category:American people of German descent">American people of German descent</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:American_people_of_Scotch-Irish_descent" title="Category:American people of Scotch-Irish descent">American people of Scotch-Irish descent</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:American_people_of_Scottish_descent" title="Category:American people of Scottish descent">American people of Scottish descent</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:American_technology_chief_executives" title="Category:American technology chief executives">American technology chief executives</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:American_technology_company_founders" title="Category:American technology company founders">American technology company founders</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:American_technology_writers" title="Category:American technology writers">American technology writers</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:American_venture_capitalists" title="Category:American venture 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</div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-dock-bottom emptyPortlet" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul> </ul> </div> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.eqiad.main-6d78b94fdf-zbknm","wgBackendResponseTime":399,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"4.987","walltime":"5.565","ppvisitednodes":{"value":25193,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":986662,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":137745,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":19,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":26,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":1128151,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 4574.797 1 -total"," 47.60% 2177.565 2 Template:Reflist"," 18.64% 852.723 130 Template:Cite_web"," 13.81% 631.788 91 Template:Cite_news"," 10.08% 461.198 1 Template:Infobox_person"," 6.35% 290.689 15 Template:Sfn"," 5.67% 259.401 2 Template:Navboxes"," 5.62% 257.051 21 Template:Cite_book"," 3.47% 158.856 68 Template:Main_other"," 3.46% 158.407 21 Template:Pluralize_from_text"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"3.076","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":24238785,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"table#1 {\n}\n\"\"\nanchor_id_list = table#1 {\n [\"CITEREFAbraham2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAllen2011\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFAllison2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAmbassade_de_France_aux_Etats-Unis_–_Washington,_D.C.2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAnderson,_Rick2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAnon2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAnon2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAronoff2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBallmer1997\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBank1999\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBank2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBekiempis2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBerkowitz2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBlakely2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBolger2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBrigham2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBrueck\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBunnell1982\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCalvario2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCao2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCarpenter\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCarr2021\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFChapman2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChung2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFClark2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFClifford2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCohen\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCoursey2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCowley,_Jason2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCronin,_Jon2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCuadrosHarrison2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDavid2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDeSantisTriggs2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDetrick2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDodd\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDodd2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEisenberg2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEstevez,_Dolia2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFeuerherd2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFField2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFleury2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFlitterGoldstein2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFlitterStewart2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFreiberger1981\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFridson2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFried2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGammon2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGardner2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGates\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGates1996\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGates1997\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGates2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGates2015\"] = 3,\n [\"CITEREFGates2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGates2022\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFGates2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGates2025\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGatesHalvorsonRygmyr1989\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGatesPapadimitriou1979\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGates_Notes2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGilchrist2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGlazerBaerSafdarTilley2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGlazerSafdar2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGoodell2014\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFGordonMaiello2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGrossman2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGunther\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHamilton2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHancock2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHartmansWeinberger2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHaselton2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHeilemann2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHeim2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHerbold2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHirsh2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHittIrelandHoskisson2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHolley2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHorton2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHughes,_Gina2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFIsaacson1997\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKass2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKelly2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKestenbaum2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKilander2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKildall2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKirsch\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKulish2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKulishGellesDasKelly2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLangeStein1999\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLeibovich2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLeibovich2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLerman2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLesinski2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLesinski2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLevy2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLiao2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFListek2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLowe2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLui2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLumby2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMack2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFManes1994\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMarshall_Kirpatric2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMatthew_G.H._Chun1999\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMejia2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMiller2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMookim2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMorimoto2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMoss2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMoss2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMufson\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNguyen2025\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNorton2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNovet2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOsborn2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPaterson2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPiller2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPournelle,_Jerry1985\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRachel_Sandler2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRathiA_Dlouhy2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRazzall2025\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRensin1994\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRiddell2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRivlin1999\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRobyn_Griggs_Lawrence2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSacksClack2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSafdarGlazer2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSandler\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSchleifer2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSchlosser2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSchuman2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSchwab2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFScipioni2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFScipioni2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFShephard2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSims2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSmith2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSoundaian2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSower2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStrom2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTaylor1993\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFThompson1999\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFThorlin2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFThornhillAdams2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFToal2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTollefson2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTribune\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFUniversity\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVaughan2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVogel1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWahba2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWakabayashiAlbaTracy2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWakefield2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWallace1993\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWallace1997\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWallaceErickson1992\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWasserman1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWattles2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWeinberger\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFXiang2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFZahnSerwer2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFZuckerman,_Laurence1997\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"!\"] = 7,\n [\"About other people\"] = 1,\n [\"Authority control\"] = 1,\n [\"Berkshire Hathaway\"] = 1,\n [\"Bill Gates\"] = 1,\n [\"Bill Gates series\"] = 1,\n [\"Birth date and age\"] = 1,\n [\"Blockquote\"] = 4,\n [\"C-SPAN\"] = 1,\n [\"Cbignore\"] = 3,\n [\"Citation\"] = 5,\n [\"Cite AV media\"] = 3,\n [\"Cite book\"] = 21,\n [\"Cite episode\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite interview\"] = 2,\n [\"Cite journal\"] = 3,\n [\"Cite magazine\"] = 24,\n [\"Cite news\"] = 91,\n [\"Cite speech\"] = 2,\n [\"Cite web\"] = 130,\n [\"Collapsible list\"] = 1,\n [\"Convert\"] = 5,\n [\"DEFAULTSORT:Gates, Bill\"] = 1,\n [\"Efn\"] = 1,\n [\"External media\"] = 1,\n [\"Further\"] = 4,\n [\"Good article\"] = 1,\n [\"Harvnb\"] = 3,\n [\"Hlist\"] = 1,\n [\"IMDb name\"] = 1,\n [\"If mobile\"] = 1,\n [\"Indented plainlist\"] = 1,\n [\"Infobox person\"] = 1,\n [\"Jefferson Award Winners\"] = 1,\n [\"Lang\"] = 2,\n [\"Longitem\"] = 2,\n [\"Main\"] = 1,\n [\"Marriage\"] = 1,\n [\"Microsoft\"] = 1,\n [\"Navboxes\"] = 2,\n [\"Notelist\"] = 1,\n [\"Official website\"] = 1,\n [\"PadmaBhushanAwardRecipients 2010–19\"] = 1,\n [\"Plainlist\"] = 2,\n [\"Pp-vandalism\"] = 1,\n [\"R\"] = 3,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 1,\n [\"Refn\"] = 1,\n [\"S-aft\"] = 6,\n [\"S-bef\"] = 4,\n [\"S-bus\"] = 1,\n [\"S-end\"] = 1,\n [\"S-hon\"] = 1,\n [\"S-new\"] = 2,\n [\"S-start\"] = 1,\n [\"S-ttl\"] = 6,\n [\"Sfn\"] = 15,\n [\"Sfnm\"] = 1,\n [\"Short description\"] = 1,\n [\"Sic\"] = 1,\n [\"Subject bar\"] = 1,\n [\"TED speaker\"] = 1,\n [\"Time 100: The Most Important People of the Century\"] = 1,\n [\"Time Persons of the Year 2001–2025\"] = 1,\n [\"Tooltip\"] = 1,\n [\"URL\"] = 2,\n [\"Use American English\"] = 1,\n [\"Use mdy dates\"] = 1,\n [\"Wealthiest people in the United States\"] = 1,\n [\"Webarchive\"] = 12,\n [\"YouTube\"] = 1,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\nciteref_patterns = table#1 {\n}\n","limitreport-profile":[["?","600","19.0"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::callParserFunction","340","10.8"],["dataWrapper \u003Cmw.lua:672\u003E","300","9.5"],["(for generator)","180","5.7"],["recursiveClone \u003CmwInit.lua:45\u003E","120","3.8"],["type","120","3.8"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::getAllExpandedArguments","120","3.8"],["\u003Cmw.lua:694\u003E","100","3.2"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::gsub","100","3.2"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::getExpandedArgument","80","2.5"],["[others]","1100","34.8"]]},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.eqiad.main-6d78b94fdf-v788c","timestamp":"20250320215610","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Bill Gates","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bill_Gates","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q5284","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q5284","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia 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