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</button> <ul id="toc-Naming-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Kepler_project" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kepler_project"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Kepler project</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kepler_project-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Outside_the_Kepler_project" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Outside_the_Kepler_project"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Outside the Kepler project</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Outside_the_Kepler_project-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul 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class="mw-page-title-main">Kepler-186</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kepler-186" title="Kepler-186 – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Kepler-186" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kepler-186" title="Kepler-186 – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Kepler-186" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kepler-186" title="Kepler-186 – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Kepler-186" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kepler-186" title="Kepler-186 – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Kepler-186" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%BE%D9%84%D8%B1-%DB%B1%DB%B8%DB%B6" title="کپلر-۱۸۶ – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کپلر-۱۸۶" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kepler-186" title="Kepler-186 – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Kepler-186" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kepler-186" title="Kepler-186 – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kepler-186" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kepler-186" title="Kepler-186 – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Kepler-186" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kepler-186" title="Kepler-186 – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Kepler-186" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kepler-186" title="Kepler-186 – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Kepler-186" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80-186" title="Кеплер-186 – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Кеплер-186" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kepler-186" title="Kepler-186 – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Kepler-186" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B1%E3%83%97%E3%83%A9%E3%83%BC186" title="ケプラー186 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ケプラー186" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kepler-186" title="Kepler-186 – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Kepler-186" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kepler-186" title="Kepler-186 – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Kepler-186" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kepler-186" title="Kepler-186 – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Kepler-186" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kepler-186" title="Kepler-186 – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Kepler-186" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kepler-186" title="Kepler-186 – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kepler-186" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kepler-186" title="Kepler-186 – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Kepler-186" 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line-height: 1.5em"> <caption style="font-size: 125%; font-weight: bold">Kepler-186<sup id="cite_ref-SIMBAD_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SIMBAD-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><div style="text-align: center; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kepler-186.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Kepler-186.svg/250px-Kepler-186.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="278" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Kepler-186.svg/375px-Kepler-186.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Kepler-186.svg/500px-Kepler-186.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="542" data-file-height="603" /></a></span><br />Kepler-186 is indicated by the red circle<br /> (2MASS J band image)</div></td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align: center; background-color: #FFFFC0;" colspan="2">Observation data<br /><a href="/wiki/Epoch_(astronomy)" title="Epoch (astronomy)">Epoch</a> J2000.0      <a href="/wiki/Equinox_(celestial_coordinates)" title="Equinox (celestial coordinates)">Equinox</a> J2000.0 </th></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top"> <th style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Constellation" title="Constellation">Constellation</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Cygnus_(constellation)" title="Cygnus (constellation)">Cygnus</a> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top"> <th style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Right_ascension" title="Right ascension">Right ascension</a></span> </th> <td><span class="nowrap">19<sup>h</sup> 54<sup>m</sup> 36.6535<sup>s</sup></span><sup id="cite_ref-Gaia_DR3_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gaia_DR3-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top"> <th style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Declination" title="Declination">Declination</a> </th> <td>+43° 57′ 18.026″<sup id="cite_ref-Gaia_DR3_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gaia_DR3-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top"> <th style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Apparent_magnitude" title="Apparent magnitude">Apparent magnitude</a> (V)</span> </th> <td>15.29<sup id="cite_ref-Souto2017_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Souto2017-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background-color: #FFFFC0; text-align: center;" colspan="2">Characteristics </th></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top"> <th style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Stellar_evolution" title="Stellar evolution">Evolutionary stage</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Main_sequence" title="Main sequence">Main sequence</a> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top"> <th style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Stellar_classification" title="Stellar classification">Spectral type</a> </th> <td>M1V<sup id="cite_ref-NASAExoplanet_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NASAExoplanet-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr><th style="background-color: #FFFFC0; text-align: center;" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Astrometry" title="Astrometry">Astrometry</a></th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align: center"></th></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td><b><a href="/wiki/Proper_motion" title="Proper motion">Proper motion</a> (μ)</b></td><td> <abbr title="Right Ascension">RA:</abbr> <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7000217099999999999♠"></span>2.171(18)</span><span class="nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Milliarcsecond" class="mw-redirect" title="Milliarcsecond">mas</a>/<a href="/wiki/Year" title="Year">yr</a></span><sup id="cite_ref-Gaia_DR3_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gaia_DR3-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <br /> <abbr title="Declination">Dec.:</abbr> <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="2999563700000000000♠"></span>−4.363(20)</span><span class="nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Milliarcsecond" class="mw-redirect" title="Milliarcsecond">mas</a>/<a href="/wiki/Year" title="Year">yr</a></span><sup id="cite_ref-Gaia_DR3_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gaia_DR3-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td><b><a href="/wiki/Stellar_parallax" title="Stellar parallax">Parallax</a> (π)</b></td><td>5.6336<span style="margin-left:0.3em;margin-right:0.15em;">±</span>0.0169 <a href="/wiki/Milliarcsecond" class="mw-redirect" title="Milliarcsecond">mas</a><sup id="cite_ref-Gaia_DR3_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gaia_DR3-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td><b><a href="/wiki/Distance_(astronomy)" class="mw-redirect" title="Distance (astronomy)">Distance</a></b></td><td>579 ± 2 <a href="/wiki/Light-year" title="Light-year">ly</a> <br />(177.5 ± 0.5 <a href="/wiki/Parsec" title="Parsec">pc</a>)</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td><b><a href="/wiki/Absolute_magnitude" title="Absolute magnitude">Absolute magnitude</a> (M<sub>V</sub>)</b></td><td>6.3</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align: center"></th></tr> <tr><th style="background-color: #FFFFC0; text-align: center;" colspan="2">Details</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align: center"></th></tr><tr style="vertical-align:baseline;"><td><b><a href="/wiki/Stellar_mass" title="Stellar mass">Mass</a></b></td><td>0.544 ± 0.02<sup id="cite_ref-NASAExoplanet_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NASAExoplanet-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Solar_mass" title="Solar mass"><var>M</var><sub>☉</sub></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:baseline;"><td><b><a href="/wiki/Radius" title="Radius">Radius</a></b></td><td>0.523 ± 0.02<sup id="cite_ref-NASAExoplanet_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NASAExoplanet-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Solar_radius" title="Solar radius"><var>R</var><sub>☉</sub></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:baseline;"><td><b>Luminosity (bolometric)</b></td><td>0.055 <span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1.2em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">+0.011</sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">−0.006</sub></span></span><sup id="cite_ref-NASAExoplanet_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NASAExoplanet-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Solar_luminosity" title="Solar luminosity"><var>L</var><sub>☉</sub></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:baseline;"><td><b><a href="/wiki/Effective_temperature" title="Effective temperature">Temperature</a></b></td><td>3755 ± 90<sup id="cite_ref-NASAExoplanet_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NASAExoplanet-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Kelvin" title="Kelvin">K</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:baseline;"><td><b><a href="/wiki/Metallicity" title="Metallicity">Metallicity</a></b> [Fe/H]</td><td>−0.26 ± 0.12<sup id="cite_ref-NASAExoplanet_4-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NASAExoplanet-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Decimal_exponent" class="mw-redirect" title="Decimal exponent">dex</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:baseline;"><td><b><a href="/wiki/Stellar_rotation" title="Stellar rotation">Rotation</a></b></td><td><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7001344040000000000♠"></span>34.404<span style="margin-left:0.3em;margin-right:0.15em;">±</span>0.075 days</span><sup id="cite_ref-McQuillan2013_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McQuillan2013-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:baseline;"><td><b><a href="/wiki/Stellar_evolution" title="Stellar evolution">Age</a></b></td><td>4.0 ± 0.6<sup id="cite_ref-NASAExoplanet_4-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NASAExoplanet-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Gigayear" class="mw-redirect" title="Gigayear">Gyr</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align: center"></th></tr> <tr><th style="background-color: #FFFFC0; text-align: center;" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Star_catalogue" title="Star catalogue">Other designations</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Kepler_space_telescope#Kepler_Input_Catalog" title="Kepler space telescope">KIC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.stsci.edu/kepler/kic10/search.php?kic_kepler_id=8120608&action=Search">8120608</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kepler_Object_of_Interest" class="mw-redirect" title="Kepler Object of Interest">KOI</a>-571, <br />2MASS J19543665+4357180, Gaia DR2 2079000330051813504</td></tr> <tr><th style="background-color: #FFFFC0; text-align: center;" colspan="2">Database references</th></tr><tr style="vertical-align: top;"><td><b><a href="/wiki/SIMBAD" title="SIMBAD">SIMBAD</a></b></td><td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://simbad.cds.unistra.fr/simbad/sim-id?Ident=Kepler-186">data</a></td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>Kepler-186</b> is a <a href="/wiki/Main-sequence" class="mw-redirect" title="Main-sequence">main-sequence</a> <a href="/wiki/Spectral_class#Class_M" class="mw-redirect" title="Spectral class">M</a>1-type <a href="/wiki/Red_dwarf" title="Red dwarf">dwarf star</a>, located 177.5 <a href="/wiki/Parsecs" class="mw-redirect" title="Parsecs">parsecs</a> (579 light years) away in the constellation of <a href="/wiki/Cygnus_(constellation)" title="Cygnus (constellation)">Cygnus</a>. The star is slightly cooler than the <a href="/wiki/Sun" title="Sun">sun</a>, with roughly half its <a href="/wiki/Metallicity" title="Metallicity">metallicity</a>. It is known to have five planets, including the first Earth-sized world discovered in the <a href="/wiki/Circumstellar_habitable_zone" class="mw-redirect" title="Circumstellar habitable zone">habitable zone</a>: <a href="/wiki/Kepler-186f" title="Kepler-186f">Kepler-186f</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-SCI-20140418_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SCI-20140418-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The star hosts four other planets discovered so far, though they all orbit interior to the habitable zone. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Star">Star</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kepler-186&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Star"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A number of previously unknown measurements of the star are known.<sup id="cite_ref-Vizier2Mass_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vizier2Mass-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the infrared/microwave EM spectrum<sup id="cite_ref-SIMBAD_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SIMBAD-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> its <a href="/wiki/H_band_(infrared)" title="H band (infrared)">H band</a> magnitude is 11.605, <a href="/wiki/J_band_(infrared)" title="J band (infrared)">J band</a> magnitude is 12.473, and its <a href="/wiki/K_band_(infrared)" title="K band (infrared)">K band</a> magnitude is 11.605. In the visual <a href="/wiki/Photometric_system" title="Photometric system">Photometric system</a> magnitude it is 14.90(R)(towards the red end of the visual spectrum) and 16.40(B)(the blue end of the spectrum)<sup id="cite_ref-Vizier2Mass_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vizier2Mass-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (see also <a href="/wiki/Apparent_magnitude" title="Apparent magnitude">Apparent magnitude</a>.) It is a <a href="/wiki/BY_Draconis_variable" title="BY Draconis variable">BY Draconis variable</a> changing brightness slightly, probably from <a href="/wiki/Starspot" title="Starspot">star-spots</a>, with a period of 33.695 days.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The star is an M-type <a href="/wiki/Red_dwarf" title="Red dwarf">red dwarf</a>, bordering on being a K-type <a href="/wiki/Orange_dwarf" class="mw-redirect" title="Orange dwarf">orange dwarf</a>, with a mass 0.544 times that of the <a href="/wiki/Sun" title="Sun">Sun</a>'s and a density of <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7003529000000000000♠"></span>5.29 <a href="/wiki/Gram_per_cubic_centimetre" title="Gram per cubic centimetre">g/cm<sup>3</sup></a></span>.<sup id="cite_ref-NASAExoplanet_4-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NASAExoplanet-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Discovery_of_a_planetary_system">Discovery of a planetary system</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kepler-186&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Discovery of a planetary system"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Within two first years of gathered data, the signals of four inner planetary candidates were found. Discussion of planets in the system was taking place in August and November 2013.<sup id="cite_ref-multi_ref_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-multi_ref-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In February 2014, those planets were confirmed through the "verification by multiplicity" method. The fifth outermost candidate was confirmed in the same manner in April 2014.<sup id="cite_ref-SP-20140226_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SP-20140226-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The possibility that the signals in the light curve of the star were actually from something else has been ruled out by an investigation with the <a href="/wiki/W._M._Keck_Observatory" title="W. M. Keck Observatory">W. M. Keck</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gemini_Observatory" title="Gemini Observatory">Gemini Observatories</a>, using <a href="/wiki/Speckle_imaging" title="Speckle imaging">speckle imaging</a> and <a href="/wiki/Adaptive_optics" title="Adaptive optics">adaptive optics</a> techniques, which, while unable to resolve the planets, were able to rule out other possibilities than the system of planets.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Planetary_system">Planetary system</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kepler-186&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Planetary system"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"> <caption>The Kepler-186 planetary system </caption> <tbody><tr> <th align="center">Companion<br /><small>(in order from star)</small> </th> <th align="center"><a href="/wiki/Mass" title="Mass">Mass</a> </th> <th align="center"><a href="/wiki/Semi-major_and_semi-minor_axes" title="Semi-major and semi-minor axes">Semimajor axis</a><br /><small>(<a href="/wiki/Astronomical_unit" title="Astronomical unit">AU</a>)</small> </th> <th align="center"><a href="/wiki/Orbital_period" title="Orbital period">Orbital period</a><br /><small>(<a href="/wiki/Day" title="Day">days</a>)</small> </th> <th align="center"><a href="/wiki/Orbital_eccentricity" title="Orbital eccentricity">Eccentricity</a> </th> <th align="center"><a href="/wiki/Orbital_inclination" title="Orbital inclination">Inclination</a> </th> <th align="center"><a href="/wiki/Radius" title="Radius">Radius</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Kepler-186b" title="Kepler-186b">b</a></b> </td> <td>~1.24 <a href="/wiki/Earth_mass" title="Earth mass"><span class="texhtml mvar" style="font-style:italic;">M</span><sub>🜨</sub></a> </td> <td>0.0378 </td> <td>3.8867907 </td> <td><0.24 </td> <td>83.65<a href="/wiki/Degree_(angle)" title="Degree (angle)">°</a> </td> <td>1.08 <a href="/wiki/Earth_radius" title="Earth radius"><span class="texhtml mvar" style="font-style:italic;">R</span><sub>🜨</sub></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>c</b> </td> <td>~2.1 <a href="/wiki/Earth_mass" title="Earth mass"><span class="texhtml mvar" style="font-style:italic;">M</span><sub>🜨</sub></a> </td> <td>0.0574 </td> <td>7.267302 </td> <td><0.24 </td> <td>85.94<a href="/wiki/Degree_(angle)" title="Degree (angle)">°</a> </td> <td>1.25 <a href="/wiki/Earth_radius" title="Earth radius"><span class="texhtml mvar" style="font-style:italic;">R</span><sub>🜨</sub></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>d</b> </td> <td>~2.54 <a href="/wiki/Earth_mass" title="Earth mass"><span class="texhtml mvar" style="font-style:italic;">M</span><sub>🜨</sub></a> </td> <td>0.0861 </td> <td>13.342996 </td> <td><0.25 </td> <td>87.09<a href="/wiki/Degree_(angle)" title="Degree (angle)">°</a> </td> <td>1.39 <a href="/wiki/Earth_radius" title="Earth radius"><span class="texhtml mvar" style="font-style:italic;">R</span><sub>🜨</sub></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Kepler-186e" title="Kepler-186e">e</a></b> </td> <td>~2.15 <a href="/wiki/Earth_mass" title="Earth mass"><span class="texhtml mvar" style="font-style:italic;">M</span><sub>🜨</sub></a> </td> <td>0.1216 </td> <td>22.407704 </td> <td><0.24 </td> <td>88.24<a href="/wiki/Degree_(angle)" title="Degree (angle)">°</a> </td> <td>1.33 <a href="/wiki/Earth_radius" title="Earth radius"><span class="texhtml mvar" style="font-style:italic;">R</span><sub>🜨</sub></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Kepler-186f" title="Kepler-186f">f</a></b> </td> <td>~1.44 <a href="/wiki/Earth_mass" title="Earth mass"><span class="texhtml mvar" style="font-style:italic;">M</span><sub>🜨</sub></a> </td> <td>0.432 </td> <td>129.9444 </td> <td><0.04 </td> <td>89.9<a href="/wiki/Degree_(angle)" title="Degree (angle)">°</a> </td> <td>1.17 <a href="/wiki/Earth_radius" title="Earth radius"><span class="texhtml mvar" style="font-style:italic;">R</span><sub>🜨</sub></a> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p>The five planets discovered around Kepler-186 are all expected to have a solid surface. The smallest one, Kepler-186b, is only 8% larger than Earth, while the largest one, Kepler-186d, is almost 40% larger. </p><p>The four innermost planets are probably <a href="/wiki/Tidally_locked" class="mw-redirect" title="Tidally locked">tidally locked</a>, but Kepler-186f is farther out, where the star's <a href="/wiki/Tidal_force" title="Tidal force">tidal effects</a> are much weaker, so there may not have been enough time for its spin to slow down that much. Because of the very slow evolution of red dwarf stars, the age of the Kepler-186 system is poorly constrained, although it is likely to be greater than a few billion years.<sup id="cite_ref-arXiv-4368_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-arXiv-4368-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There is a roughly 50-50 chance it is tidally locked. Since it is closer to its star than Earth is to the Sun, it will probably rotate much more slowly than Earth; its day could be weeks or months long (see <a href="/wiki/Exoplanet#Tidal_effects_on_rotation_rate,_axial_tilt_and_orbit" title="Exoplanet">Tidal effects on rotation rate, axial tilt and orbit</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-SETI-video_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SETI-video-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Planetary formation simulations have also shown that there could be one additional non-transiting low-mass planet between Kepler-186e and Kepler-186f. If this planet exists, it is likely not much more massive than Earth. If it were, its gravitational influence would likely prevent Kepler-186f from transiting.<sup id="cite_ref-arXiv-4368_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-arXiv-4368-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Conjectures involving the <a href="/wiki/Titius%E2%80%93Bode_law" title="Titius–Bode law">Titius–Bode law</a>, (and the related <a href="/wiki/Dermott%27s_law" title="Dermott's law">Dermott's law</a>) indicate that there could be several remaining planets to be found in the system - two small ones between <b>e</b> and <b>f</b> and another larger one outside of <b>f</b>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> That hypothetical outer planet must have an orbital radius beyond 16.4 <a href="/wiki/Astronomical_unit" title="Astronomical unit">AU</a> for planetary system to remain stable.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The low <a href="/wiki/Metallicity" title="Metallicity">metallicity</a> of the star at a metallicity (dex) of -0.26, or to put it another way, about half that of the Sun's,<sup id="cite_ref-SCI-20140418_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SCI-20140418-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is associated with a decreased chance of planets overall and giant planets specifically but an increased chance of Earth sized planets, in a general study of stars.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Naming">Naming</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kepler-186&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Naming"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kepler_project">Kepler project</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kepler-186&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Kepler project"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As the <a href="/wiki/Kepler_space_telescope" title="Kepler space telescope">Kepler space telescope</a> observational campaign progressed initial identifications of systems were entered in the <a href="/wiki/Kepler_Input_Catalog" title="Kepler Input Catalog">Kepler Input Catalog</a> (KIC), and then progressed as a candidate host of planets as <a href="/wiki/Kepler_Object_of_Interest" class="mw-redirect" title="Kepler Object of Interest">Kepler Object of Interest</a> (KOI). Thus Kepler-186 started as <i>KIC 8120608</i> and then was identified as <i>KOI 571</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Outside_the_Kepler_project">Outside the Kepler project</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kepler-186&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Outside the Kepler project"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Outside of the Kepler project, the <a href="/wiki/2MASS" title="2MASS">2MASS</a> survey catalogued this star as <i>2MASS J19543665+4357180</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-SIMBAD_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SIMBAD-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kepler-186&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kepler-62" title="Kepler-62">Kepler-62</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gliese_667" title="Gliese 667">Gliese 667</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TRAPPIST-1" title="TRAPPIST-1">TRAPPIST-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proxima_Centauri_b" title="Proxima Centauri b">Proxima Centauri b</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K-type_main-sequence_star" title="K-type main-sequence star">K-type main-sequence star</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_dwarf" title="Red dwarf">Red dwarf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kepler-442" title="Kepler-442">Kepler 442</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barnard%27s_Star" title="Barnard's Star">Barnard's Star</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kepler-186&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-SIMBAD-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-SIMBAD_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SIMBAD_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SIMBAD_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">SIMBAD, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://simbad.u-strasbg.fr/simbad/sim-basic?Ident=KIC8120608">KIC8120608</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gaia_DR3-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Gaia_DR3_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gaia_DR3_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gaia_DR3_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a 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a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFVallenariBrownPrustiDe_Bruijne2023" class="citation journal cs1">Vallenari, A.; et al. 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Summary of the content and survey properties"</a>. <i>Astronomy and Astrophysics</i>. <b>674</b>: A1. <a href="/wiki/ArXiv_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ArXiv (identifier)">arXiv</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2208.00211">2208.00211</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2023A&A...674A...1G">2023A&A...674A...1G</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1051%2F0004-6361%2F202243940">10.1051/0004-6361/202243940</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:244398875">244398875</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Astronomy+and+Astrophysics&rft.atitle=Gaia+Data+Release+3.+Summary+of+the+content+and+survey+properties&rft.volume=674&rft.pages=A1&rft.date=2023&rft_id=info%3Aarxiv%2F2208.00211&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A244398875%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1051%2F0004-6361%2F202243940&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2023A%26A...674A...1G&rft.aulast=Vallenari&rft.aufirst=A.&rft.au=Brown%2C+A.+G.+A.&rft.au=Prusti%2C+T.&rft.au=De+Bruijne%2C+J.+H.+J.&rft.au=Arenou%2C+F.&rft.au=Babusiaux%2C+C.&rft.au=Biermann%2C+M.&rft.au=Creevey%2C+O.+L.&rft.au=Ducourant%2C+C.&rft.au=Evans%2C+D.+W.&rft.au=Eyer%2C+L.&rft.au=Guerra%2C+R.&rft.au=Hutton%2C+A.&rft.au=Jordi%2C+C.&rft.au=Klioner%2C+S.+A.&rft.au=Lammers%2C+U.+L.&rft.au=Lindegren%2C+L.&rft.au=Luri%2C+X.&rft.au=Mignard%2C+F.&rft.au=Panem%2C+C.&rft.au=Pourbaix%2C+D.&rft.au=Randich%2C+S.&rft.au=Sartoretti%2C+P.&rft.au=Soubiran%2C+C.&rft.au=Tanga%2C+P.&rft.au=Walton%2C+N.+A.&rft.au=Bailer-Jones%2C+C.+A.+L.&rft.au=Bastian%2C+U.&rft.au=Drimmel%2C+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1051%252F0004-6361%252F202243940&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKepler-186" class="Z3988"></span>  <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://vizier.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-S?Gaia%20DR3%202079000330051813504">Gaia DR3 record for this source</a> at <a href="/wiki/VizieR" title="VizieR">VizieR</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Souto2017-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Souto2017_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSoutoCunhaGarcia-HernandezZamora2017" class="citation journal cs1">Souto, Diogo; et al. 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The Exoplanet Hosting Stars Kepler-138 and Kepler-186"</a>. <i>The Astrophysical Journal</i>. <b>835</b> (2): 239. <a href="/wiki/ArXiv_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ArXiv (identifier)">arXiv</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1612.01598">1612.01598</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017ApJ...835..239S">2017ApJ...835..239S</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3847%2F1538-4357%2F835%2F2%2F239">10.3847/1538-4357/835/2/239</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:73634716">73634716</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Astrophysical+Journal&rft.atitle=Chemical+Abundances+of+M-dwarfs+from+the+APOGEE+Survey.+I.+The+Exoplanet+Hosting+Stars+Kepler-138+and+Kepler-186&rft.volume=835&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=239&rft.date=2017&rft_id=info%3Aarxiv%2F1612.01598&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A73634716%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3847%2F1538-4357%2F835%2F2%2F239&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2017ApJ...835..239S&rft.aulast=Souto&rft.aufirst=Diogo&rft.au=Cunha%2C+Katia&rft.au=Garcia-Hernandez%2C+D.+A.&rft.au=Zamora%2C+Olga&rft.au=Allende+Prieto%2C+C.&rft.au=Smith%2C+Verne&rft.au=Mahadevan%2C+Suvrath&rft.au=Blake%2C+Cullen&rft.au=Johnson%2C+J.+A.&rft.au=Jonsson%2C+Henrik&rft.au=Pinsonneault%2C+Marc&rft.au=Holtzman%2C+Jon&rft.au=Majewski%2C+S.+R.&rft.au=Shetrone%2C+Matthew&rft.au=Teske%2C+Johanna&rft.au=Nidever%2C+David&rft.au=Schiavon%2C+Ricardo&rft.au=Sobeck%2C+Jennifer&rft.au=Garcia+Perez%2C+A.+E.&rft.au=Gomez+Maqueo+Chew%2C+Y.&rft.au=Stassun%2C+Keivan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.3847%252F1538-4357%252F835%252F2%252F239&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKepler-186" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NASAExoplanet-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NASAExoplanet_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NASAExoplanet_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NASAExoplanet_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NASAExoplanet_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NASAExoplanet_4-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NASAExoplanet_4-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NASAExoplanet_4-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NASAExoplanet_4-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://exoplanetarchive.ipac.caltech.edu/cgi-bin/DisplayOverview/nph-DisplayOverview?objname=Kepler-186+f">"Kepler-186 f"</a>. <i>NASA Exoplanet Archive</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Wyatt (November 10, 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ast.cam.ac.uk/~wyatt/gfw05.pdf">"Metallicity, debris discs and planets"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. <b>366</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">283–</span>286. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2006MNRAS.366..283G">2006MNRAS.366..283G</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1365-2966.2005.09848.x">10.1111/j.1365-2966.2005.09848.x</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1365-2966">1365-2966</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 20,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Monthly+Notices+of+the+Royal+Astronomical+Society&rft.atitle=Metallicity%2C+debris+discs+and+planets&rft.volume=366&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E283-%3C%2Fspan%3E286&rft.date=2005-11-10&rft.issn=1365-2966&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1365-2966.2005.09848.x&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2006MNRAS.366..283G&rft.au=J.+S.+Greaves&rft.au=D.+A.+Fischer&rft.au=M.+C.+Wyatt&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ast.cam.ac.uk%2F~wyatt%2Fgfw05.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKepler-186" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRowe2014" class="citation journal cs1">Rowe, Jason F.; et al. (2014). "Validation of Kepler's Multiple Planet Candidates. 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href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:119118620">119118620</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Astrophysical+Journal&rft.atitle=Validation+of+Kepler%27s+Multiple+Planet+Candidates.+III%3A+Light+Curve+Analysis+%26+Announcement+of+Hundreds+of+New+Multi-planet+Systems+%28Revision+8.0%29&rft.volume=784&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=45&rft.date=2014&rft_id=info%3Aarxiv%2F1402.6534&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A119118620%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1088%2F0004-637X%2F784%2F1%2F45&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2014ApJ...784...45R&rft.aulast=Rowe&rft.aufirst=Jason+F.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKepler-186" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kepler-186&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140417194411/http://phl.upr.edu/press-releases/firstpotentiallyhabitableterranworld">First Potentially Habitable Terran World</a>, PHL</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nasa.gov/ames/kepler/nasas-kepler-discovers-first-earth-size-planet-in-the-habitable-zone-of-another-star/#.U1AZzVdZrZ4">NASA's Kepler Discovers First Earth-Size Planet In The 'Habitable Zone' of Another Star</a>, NASA, April 17, 2014</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://exoplanetarchive.ipac.caltech.edu/cgi-bin/DisplayOverview/nph-DisplayOverview?objname=Kepler-186&type=PLANET_HOST">Kepler-186 at The NASA Exoplanet Archive</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style 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style="padding:0 0.25em"><figure class="noresize" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Kepler-186_System.png/600px-Kepler-186_System.png" decoding="async" width="600" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7b/Kepler-186_System.png 1.5x" data-file-width="832" data-file-height="69" usemap="#ImageMap_7da426327e9c7c05" /></span><map name="ImageMap_7da426327e9c7c05"><area href="/wiki/Kepler-186" shape="circle" coords="65,27,58" alt="Kepler-186" title="Kepler-186" /><area href="/wiki/Kepler-186b" shape="circle" coords="151,27,4" alt="Kepler-186b" title="Kepler-186b" /><area href="/wiki/Kepler-186c" shape="circle" coords="188,27,9" alt="Kepler-186c" title="Kepler-186c" /><area href="/wiki/Kepler-186d" shape="circle" coords="227,27,14" alt="Kepler-186d" title="Kepler-186d" /><area href="/wiki/Kepler-186e" shape="circle" coords="267,27,7" alt="Kepler-186e" title="Kepler-186e" /><area 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title="Kepler-186f">Kepler-186f</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Constellation_of_Cygnus238" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Cygnus_(constellation)" title="Template:Cygnus (constellation)"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li 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style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Bayer_designation" title="Bayer designation">Bayer</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deneb" title="Deneb">α (Deneb)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albireo" title="Albireo">β (Albireo)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gamma_Cygni" title="Gamma Cygni">γ (Sadr)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delta_Cygni" title="Delta Cygni">δ (Fawaris)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epsilon_Cygni" title="Epsilon Cygni">ε (Aljanah)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zeta_Cygni" title="Zeta Cygni">ζ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eta_Cygni" title="Eta Cygni">η</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theta_Cygni" title="Theta Cygni">θ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iota1_Cygni" title="Iota1 Cygni">ι<sup>1</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iota2_Cygni" title="Iota2 Cygni">ι<sup>2</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kappa_Cygni" title="Kappa Cygni">κ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lambda_Cygni" title="Lambda Cygni">λ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mu_Cygni" title="Mu Cygni">μ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nu_Cygni" title="Nu Cygni">ν</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xi_Cygni" title="Xi Cygni">ξ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/30_Cygni" title="30 Cygni">o<sup>1</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/31_Cygni" title="31 Cygni">o<sup>2</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/32_Cygni" title="32 Cygni">ο<sup>3</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pi1_Cygni" title="Pi1 Cygni">π<sup>1</sup> (Azelfafage)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pi2_Cygni" title="Pi2 Cygni">π<sup>2</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rho_Cygni" title="Rho Cygni">ρ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sigma_Cygni" title="Sigma Cygni">σ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tau_Cygni" title="Tau Cygni">τ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upsilon_Cygni" title="Upsilon Cygni">υ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phi_Cygni" title="Phi Cygni">φ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chi_Cygni" title="Chi Cygni">χ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psi_Cygni" title="Psi Cygni">ψ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omega1_Cygni" title="Omega1 Cygni">ω<sup>1</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omega2_Cygni" title="Omega2 Cygni">ω<sup>2</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P_Cygni" title="P Cygni">P</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Q_Cygni" title="Q Cygni">Q</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Flamsteed_designation" title="Flamsteed designation">Flamsteed</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2_Cygni" title="2 Cygni">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4_Cygni" title="4 Cygni">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/8_Cygni" title="8 Cygni">8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/9_Cygni" title="9 Cygni">9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/15_Cygni" title="15 Cygni">15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/16_Cygni" title="16 Cygni">16 (c)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/17_Cygni" title="17 Cygni">17</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/20_Cygni" title="20 Cygni">20 (d)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/22_Cygni" title="22 Cygni">22</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/23_Cygni" title="23 Cygni">23</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/26_Cygni" title="26 Cygni">26 (e)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/27_Cygni" title="27 Cygni">27 (b<sup>1</sup>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/28_Cygni" title="28 Cygni">28 (b<sup>2</sup>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/29_Cygni" title="29 Cygni">29 (b<sup>3</sup>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/33_Cygni" title="33 Cygni">33</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/35_Cygni" title="35 Cygni">35</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/39_Cygni" title="39 Cygni">39</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/41_Cygni" title="41 Cygni">41</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/47_Cygni" title="47 Cygni">47</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/52_Cygni" title="52 Cygni">52</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/55_Cygni" title="55 Cygni">55</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/56_Cygni" title="56 Cygni">56</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/57_Cygni" title="57 Cygni">57</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/59_Cygni" title="59 Cygni">59 (f<sup>1</sup>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/61_Cygni" title="61 Cygni">61</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/63_Cygni" title="63 Cygni">63 (f<sup>2</sup>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/68_Cygni" title="68 Cygni">68 (A)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/71_Cygni" title="71 Cygni">71 (g)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/72_Cygni" title="72 Cygni">72</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/74_Cygni" title="74 Cygni">74</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/75_Cygni" title="75 Cygni">75</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Variable_star_designation" class="mw-redirect" title="Variable star designation">Variable</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/R_Cygni" title="R Cygni">R</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T_Cygni" title="T Cygni">T</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W_Cygni" title="W Cygni">W</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X_Cygni" title="X Cygni">X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Y_Cygni" title="Y Cygni">Y</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RW_Cygni" title="RW Cygni">RW</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Cygni" title="SS Cygni">SS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SU_Cygni" title="SU Cygni">SU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TT_Cygni" title="TT Cygni">TT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AZ_Cygni" title="AZ Cygni">AZ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BC_Cygni" title="BC Cygni">BC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BI_Cygni" title="BI Cygni">BI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CH_Cygni" title="CH Cygni">CH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KY_Cygni" title="KY Cygni">KY</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V380_Cygni" title="V380 Cygni">V380</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V389_Cygni" title="V389 Cygni">V389</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V404_Cygni" title="V404 Cygni">V404</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V476_Cygni" title="V476 Cygni">V476</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V1027_Cygni" title="V1027 Cygni">V1027</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V1057_Cygni" title="V1057 Cygni">V1057</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HR_7484" title="HR 7484">V1143</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V1191_Cygni" title="V1191 Cygni">V1191</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V1334_Cygni" title="V1334 Cygni">V1334</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NML_Cygni" title="NML Cygni">V1489</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V1500_Cygni" title="V1500 Cygni">V1500</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V1668_Cygni" title="V1668 Cygni">V1668</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V1794_Cygni" title="V1794 Cygni">V1794</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V1974_Cygni" title="V1974 Cygni">V1974</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KPD_1930%2B2752" title="KPD 1930+2752">V2214</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IRAS_19475%2B3119" title="IRAS 19475+3119">V2513</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Bright_Star_Catalogue" title="Bright Star Catalogue">HR</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HD_189276" title="HD 189276">7633</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HD_193322" title="HD 193322">7767</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HD_197036" title="HD 197036">7912</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HD_203857" title="HD 203857">8193</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Henry_Draper_Catalogue" title="Henry Draper Catalogue">HD</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HD_185269" title="HD 185269">185269</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HD_185351" title="HD 185351">185351</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HD_187123" title="HD 187123">187123</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HD_188753" title="HD 188753">188753</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HD_190655" title="HD 190655">190655</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HD_191612" title="HD 191612">191612</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HD_191806" title="HD 191806">191806</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HD_197037" title="HD 197037">197037</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Gliese_Catalogue_of_Nearby_Stars" title="Gliese Catalogue of Nearby Stars">Gliese</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gliese_777" title="Gliese 777">777</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gliese_806" title="Gliese 806">806</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GJ_1245" title="GJ 1245">1245</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_exoplanets_discovered_using_the_Kepler_space_telescope" class="mw-redirect" title="List of exoplanets discovered using the Kepler space telescope">Kepler</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HAT-P-7" title="HAT-P-7">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HAT-P-11" title="HAT-P-11">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kepler-5" title="Kepler-5">5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kepler-6" title="Kepler-6">6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kepler-11" title="Kepler-11">11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kepler-15" title="Kepler-15">15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kepler-16" title="Kepler-16">16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kepler-17" title="Kepler-17">17</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kepler-18" title="Kepler-18">18</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kepler-22" title="Kepler-22">22</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kepler-23" title="Kepler-23">23</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kepler-27" title="Kepler-27">27</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kepler-28" title="Kepler-28">28</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kepler-29" title="Kepler-29">29</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kepler-31" title="Kepler-31">31</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kepler-32" title="Kepler-32">32</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kepler-33" title="Kepler-33">33</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kepler-34" title="Kepler-34">34</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kepler-35" title="Kepler-35">35</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kepler-36" title="Kepler-36">36</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kepler-39" title="Kepler-39">39</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kepler-40" title="Kepler-40">40</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kepler-41" title="Kepler-41">41</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kepler-42" title="Kepler-42">42</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kepler-43" title="Kepler-43">43</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kepler-44" title="Kepler-44">44</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kepler-45" title="Kepler-45">45</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kepler-47" title="Kepler-47">47</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kepler-51" title="Kepler-51">51</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kepler-56" title="Kepler-56">56</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kepler-61" title="Kepler-61">61</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kepler-63" title="Kepler-63">63</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PH1" class="mw-redirect" title="PH1">64 (PH1)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kepler-66" title="Kepler-66">66</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kepler-67" title="Kepler-67">67</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kepler-68" title="Kepler-68">68</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kepler-69" title="Kepler-69">69</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kepler-70" title="Kepler-70">70</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kepler-78" title="Kepler-78">78</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kepler-80" title="Kepler-80">80</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kepler-84" title="Kepler-84">84</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PH2" title="PH2">86 (PH2)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kepler-87" title="Kepler-87">87</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kepler-89" title="Kepler-89">89</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kepler-107" title="Kepler-107">107</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kepler-167" title="Kepler-167">167</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kepler-182" title="Kepler-182">182</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">186</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kepler-223" title="Kepler-223">223</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kepler-289" title="Kepler-289">289</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kepler-371" title="Kepler-371">371</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kepler-385" title="Kepler-385">385</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kepler-411" title="Kepler-411">411</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kepler-419" title="Kepler-419">419</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kepler-432" title="Kepler-432">432</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kepler-445" title="Kepler-445">445</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2MASS_J19383260%2B4603591" class="mw-redirect" title="2MASS J19383260+4603591">451</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kepler-452" title="Kepler-452">452</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kepler-560" class="mw-redirect" title="Kepler-560">560</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kepler-737" title="Kepler-737">737</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kepler-1229" title="Kepler-1229">1229</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kepler-1520" title="Kepler-1520">1520</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kepler-1625" title="Kepler-1625">1625</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kepler-1649" title="Kepler-1649">1649</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kepler-1708" class="mw-redirect" title="Kepler-1708">1708</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Wolf-Rayet_star" class="mw-redirect" title="Wolf-Rayet star">WR</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/WR_133" title="WR 133">133</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WR_134" title="WR 134">134</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WR_135" title="WR 135">135</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WR_136" title="WR 136">136</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WR_137" title="WR 137">137</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WR_138a" title="WR 138a">138a</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WR_140" title="WR 140">140</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WR_142" title="WR 142">142</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WR_147" title="WR 147">147</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WR_148" title="WR 148">148</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WR_150" title="WR 150">150</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AFGL_2591" title="AFGL 2591">AFGL 2591</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BD%2B40%C2%B0_4210" class="mw-redirect" title="BD+40° 4210">BD+40° 4210</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BD%2B43_3654" title="BD+43 3654">BD+43 3654</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cygnus_OB2-8A" title="Cygnus OB2-8A">Cygnus OB2 #8A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cygnus_OB2-12" title="Cygnus OB2-12">Cygnus OB2 #12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cygnus_X-1" title="Cygnus X-1">Cygnus X-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cygnus_X-3" title="Cygnus X-3">Cygnus X-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G79.29%2B0.46" title="G79.29+0.46">G79.29+0.46</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G_208-44/208-45" class="mw-redirect" title="G 208-44/208-45">G 208-44</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G_208-44/208-45" class="mw-redirect" title="G 208-44/208-45">G 208-45</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GSC_03949-00967" title="GSC 03949-00967">GSC 03949-00967</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HAT-P-17" title="HAT-P-17">HAT-P-17</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KELT-9b#Host_star" title="KELT-9b">KELT-9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KELT-20" title="KELT-20">KELT-20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tabby%27s_Star" title="Tabby's Star">KIC 8462852</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KIC_9832227" title="KIC 9832227">KIC 9832227</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KIC_9970396" title="KIC 9970396">KIC 9970396</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KIC_11026764" class="mw-redirect" title="KIC 11026764">KIC 11026764</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KIC_11145123" title="KIC 11145123">KIC 11145123</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KOI-5" title="KOI-5">KOI-5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KOI-74" title="KOI-74">KOI-74</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KOI-81" title="KOI-81">KOI-81</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KOI-256" title="KOI-256">KOI-256</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MWC_349" title="MWC 349">MWC 349</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N6946-BH1" title="N6946-BH1">N6946-BH1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PSR_J2032%2B4127" title="PSR J2032+4127">PSR J2032+4127</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SPECULOOS-3" title="SPECULOOS-3">SPECULOOS-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W75N(B)-VLA2" title="W75N(B)-VLA2">W75N(B)-VLA2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WASP-48" title="WASP-48">WASP-48</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WISE_J2000%2B3629" title="WISE J2000+3629">WISE J2000+3629</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolf_1069" title="Wolf 1069">Wolf 1069</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Star_cluster" title="Star cluster">Star<br />clusters</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Stellar_association" title="Stellar association">Association</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cygnus_OB2" title="Cygnus OB2">Cygnus OB2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cygnus_OB7" title="Cygnus OB7">Cygnus OB7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cygnus_OB9" title="Cygnus OB9">Cygnus OB9</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Open_cluster" title="Open cluster">Open</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Berkeley_86" title="Berkeley 86">Berkeley 86</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DR_6" title="DR 6">DR 6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IC_5146" title="IC 5146">IC 5146</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messier_29" title="Messier 29">Messier 29</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messier_39" title="Messier 39">Messier 39</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_6811" title="NGC 6811">NGC 6811</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_6819" title="NGC 6819">NGC 6819</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_6834" title="NGC 6834">NGC 6834</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_6866" title="NGC 6866">NGC 6866</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_6871" title="NGC 6871">NGC 6871</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_6910" title="NGC 6910">NGC 6910</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Molecular_cloud" title="Molecular cloud">Molecular<br />clouds</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cygnus_Molecular_Nebula_Complex" title="Cygnus Molecular Nebula Complex">Cygnus Molecular Nebula Complex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cygnus_X_(star_complex)" title="Cygnus X (star complex)">Cygnus X</a> <small>(including <a href="/wiki/DR_21" title="DR 21">DR 21</a>)</small></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nebula" title="Nebula">Nebulae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Dark_nebula" title="Dark nebula">Dark</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barnard_146" class="mw-redirect" title="Barnard 146">Barnard 146</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barnard_147" title="Barnard 147">Barnard 147</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IC_5146" title="IC 5146">IC 5146</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L1014" title="L1014">L1014</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/H_II_region" title="H II region">H II</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NGC_6914" title="NGC 6914">NGC 6914</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_America_Nebula" title="North America Nebula">North America Nebula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pelican_Nebula" title="Pelican Nebula">Pelican Nebula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sadr_Region" title="Sadr Region">Sadr Region</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sh2-101" class="mw-redirect" title="Sh2-101">Sh2-101</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sh2-106" class="mw-redirect" title="Sh2-106">Sh2-106</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Planetary_nebula" title="Planetary nebula">Planetary</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abell_78" title="Abell 78">Abell 78</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egg_Nebula" title="Egg Nebula">Egg Nebula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IRAS_19475%2B3119" title="IRAS 19475+3119">IRAS 19475+3119</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IRAS_20324%2B4057" title="IRAS 20324+4057">IRAS 20324+4057</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kronberger_61" title="Kronberger 61">Kronberger 61</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M1-92" title="M1-92">M1-92</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_6826" title="NGC 6826">NGC 6826</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_6881" title="NGC 6881">NGC 6881</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_6884" title="NGC 6884">NGC 6884</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_7008" title="NGC 7008">NGC 7008</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_7026" title="NGC 7026">NGC 7026</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_7027" title="NGC 7027">NGC 7027</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_7048" title="NGC 7048">NGC 7048</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soap_Bubble_Nebula" title="Soap Bubble Nebula">Soap Bubble Nebula</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Wolf%E2%80%93Rayet_nebula" title="Wolf–Rayet nebula">WR</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crescent_Nebula" title="Crescent Nebula">Crescent Nebula</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Supernova_remnant" title="Supernova remnant">SNR</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cygnus_Loop" title="Cygnus Loop">Cygnus Loop</a> <small>(including <a href="/wiki/Veil_Nebula" title="Veil Nebula">Veil Nebula</a>)</small></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Galaxy" title="Galaxy">Galaxies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/New_General_Catalogue" title="New General Catalogue">NGC</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NGC_6801" title="NGC 6801">6801</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_6946" title="NGC 6946">6946</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_7013" title="NGC 7013">7013</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/3C_438" title="3C 438">3C 438</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4C_%2B48.48" title="4C +48.48">4C +48.48</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cygnus_A" title="Cygnus A">Cygnus A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZTF_J203349.8%2B322901.1" class="mw-redirect" title="ZTF J203349.8+322901.1">ZTF J203349.8+322901.1</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Exoplanet" title="Exoplanet">Exoplanets</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_exoplanets_discovered_by_the_Kepler_space_telescope" title="List of exoplanets discovered by the Kepler space telescope">Kepler</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HAT-P-7b" title="HAT-P-7b">2b</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HAT-P-11b" title="HAT-P-11b">3b</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HAT-P-11c" class="mw-redirect" title="HAT-P-11c">3c</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kepler-5b" title="Kepler-5b">5b</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kepler-6b" title="Kepler-6b">6b</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kepler-11b" title="Kepler-11b">11b</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kepler-15b" title="Kepler-15b">15b</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kepler-16b" title="Kepler-16b">16b</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kepler-17b" title="Kepler-17b">17b</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kepler-22b" title="Kepler-22b">22b</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kepler-23b" title="Kepler-23b">23b</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kepler-28b" title="Kepler-28b">28b</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kepler-32b" title="Kepler-32b">32b</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kepler-33b" title="Kepler-33b">33b</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kepler-34b" title="Kepler-34b">34b</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kepler-36b" title="Kepler-36b">36b</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kepler-39b" title="Kepler-39b">39b</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kepler-40b" title="Kepler-40b">40b</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kepler-41b" title="Kepler-41b">41b</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kepler-47b" title="Kepler-47b">47b</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kepler-56b" title="Kepler-56b">56b</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kepler-61b" title="Kepler-61b">61b</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PH1b" title="PH1b">64b (PH1b)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kepler-68b" title="Kepler-68b">68b</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kepler-69b" class="mw-redirect" title="Kepler-69b">69b</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kepler-70b" class="mw-redirect" title="Kepler-70b">70b</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kepler-78b" title="Kepler-78b">78b</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kepler-87c" title="Kepler-87c">87c</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kepler-186b" title="Kepler-186b">186b</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kepler-186e" title="Kepler-186e">e</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kepler-186f" title="Kepler-186f">f</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kepler-371b" title="Kepler-371b">371b</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kepler-371c" title="Kepler-371c">c</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kepler-409b" title="Kepler-409b">409b</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kepler-419b" title="Kepler-419b">419b</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kepler-432b" title="Kepler-432b">432b</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kepler-451b" class="mw-redirect" title="Kepler-451b">451b</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kepler-452b" title="Kepler-452b">452b</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kepler-560b" title="Kepler-560b">560b</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kepler-737b" title="Kepler-737b">737b</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kepler-1229b" title="Kepler-1229b">1229b</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kepler-1520b" title="Kepler-1520b">1520b</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kepler-1625b" title="Kepler-1625b">1625b</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kepler-1652b" title="Kepler-1652b">1652b</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kepler-1658b" title="Kepler-1658b">1658b</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kepler-1649b" title="Kepler-1649b">1649b</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kepler-1649c" title="Kepler-1649c">c</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kepler-1708b" title="Kepler-1708b">1708b</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HIP_99770_b" title="HIP 99770 b">b<sup>3</sup> Cygni b</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HD_185269_b" title="HD 185269 b">HD 185269 b</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HD_187123_b" title="HD 187123 b">HD 187123 b</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HD_187123_c" title="HD 187123 c">c</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HD_191806_b" title="HD 191806 b">HD 191806 b</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KELT-9b" title="KELT-9b">KELT-9b</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KELT-20b" title="KELT-20b">KELT-20b</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TrES-5b" title="TrES-5b">TrES-5b</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Exomoon" title="Exomoon">Exomoons</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Kepler70" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_exoplanets_discovered_by_the_Kepler_space_telescope" title="List of exoplanets discovered by the Kepler space telescope">Kepler</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kepler-1625b_I" title="Kepler-1625b I">1625b I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kepler-1708b_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Kepler-1708b I">1708b I</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://auth.wikimedia.org/loginwiki/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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