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class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Habitability" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Habitability"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Habitability</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Habitability-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Follow-up_studies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Follow-up_studies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Follow-up studies</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Follow-up_studies-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Follow-up studies subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Follow-up_studies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Target_of_SETI_investigation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Target_of_SETI_investigation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Target of SETI investigation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Target_of_SETI_investigation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Future_technology_and_observations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Future_technology_and_observations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Future technology and observations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Future_technology_and_observations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Previous_names" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Previous_names"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Previous names</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Previous_names-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Comparison" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Comparison"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Comparison</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Comparison-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_popular_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_popular_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>In popular culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_popular_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Kepler-186f</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 42 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-42" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">42 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kepler-186f" title="Kepler-186f – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Kepler-186f" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%B1-186f" title="كبلر-186f – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="كبلر-186f" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kepler-186f" title="Kepler-186f – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Kepler-186f" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kepler-186f" title="Kepler-186f – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Kepler-186f" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kepler-186f" title="Kepler-186f – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Kepler-186f" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kepler-186f" title="Kepler-186f – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Kepler-186f" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kepler-186f" title="Kepler-186f – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Kepler-186f" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kepler-186f" title="Kepler-186f – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Kepler-186f" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kepler-186f" title="Kepler-186f – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kepler-186f" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%BE%D9%84%D8%B1-%DB%B1%DB%B8%DB%B6%D8%A7%D9%81" title="کپلر-۱۸۶اف – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کپلر-۱۸۶اف" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kepler-186_f" title="Kepler-186 f – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Kepler-186 f" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kepler-186f" title="Kepler-186f – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Kepler-186f" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kepler-186f" title="Kepler-186f – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kepler-186f" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kepler-186_f" title="Kepler-186 f – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Kepler-186 f" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%A4%D7%9C%D7%A8-186f" title="קפלר-186f – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קפלר-186f" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kepler-186f" title="Kepler-186f – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Kepler-186f" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kepler-186f" title="Kepler-186f – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Kepler-186f" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kepler-186f" title="Kepler-186f – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Kepler-186f" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80-186f" title="Кеплер-186f – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Кеплер-186f" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%BC_186_%E0%B4%8E%E0%B4%AB%E0%B5%8D" title="കെപ്ലർ 186 എഫ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="കെപ്ലർ 186 എഫ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kepler-186f" title="Kepler-186f – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Kepler-186f" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B1%E3%83%97%E3%83%A9%E3%83%BC186f" title="ケプラー186f – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ケプラー186f" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kepler-186f" title="Kepler-186f – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Kepler-186f" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kepler-186f" title="Kepler-186f – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kepler-186f" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kepler-186f" title="Kepler-186f – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Kepler-186f" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kepler-186f" title="Kepler-186f – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Kepler-186f" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kepler-186_f" title="Kepler-186 f – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Kepler-186 f" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kepler-186f" title="Kepler-186f – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Kepler-186f" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%99%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%BD%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8A-186f" title="කෙප්ලර්-186f – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="කෙප්ලර්-186f" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kepler-186f" title="Kepler-186f – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Kepler-186f" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80-186%D1%84" title="Кеплер-186ф – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Кеплер-186ф" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kepler-186f" title="Kepler-186f – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Kepler-186f" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kepler-186f" title="Kepler-186f – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kepler-186f" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kepler-186f" title="Kepler-186f – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Kepler-186f" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D_186%E0%AE%8E%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D" title="கெப்லர் 186எப் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கெப்லர் 186எப்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kepler-186f" title="Kepler-186f – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kepler-186f" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kepler-186f" title="Kepler-186f – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Kepler-186f" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%BE%D9%84%D8%B1_186%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%81" title="کیپلر 186ایف – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="کیپلر 186ایف" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kepler-186f" title="Kepler-186f – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Kepler-186f" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%96%8B%E6%99%AE%E5%8B%92186f" title="開普勒186f – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="開普勒186f" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kepler-186f" title="Kepler-186f – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Kepler-186f" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E5%8D%9C%E5%8B%92186f" title="克卜勒186f – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="克卜勒186f" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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href="/wiki/Celestial_coordinate_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Celestial coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Sky map"><img alt="Sky map" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Jupiter_and_moon.png/20px-Jupiter_and_moon.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Jupiter_and_moon.png/40px-Jupiter_and_moon.png 1.5x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></span></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wikisky.org/?ra=19.910180833333&de=43.955016666667&zoom=4&show_grid=1&show_constellation_lines=1&show_constellation_boundaries=1&show_const_names=1&show_galaxies=1&img_source=IMG_all">19<sup>h</sup> 54<sup>m</sup> 36.651<sup>s</sup>, +43° 57′ 18.06″</a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Terrestrial exoplanet orbiting Kepler-186</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Kepler-186f</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Kepler186f-ArtistConcept-20140417.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Kepler186f-ArtistConcept-20140417.jpg/240px-Kepler186f-ArtistConcept-20140417.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Kepler186f-ArtistConcept-20140417.jpg/360px-Kepler186f-ArtistConcept-20140417.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Kepler186f-ArtistConcept-20140417.jpg/480px-Kepler186f-ArtistConcept-20140417.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4534" data-file-height="2550" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Artist’s depiction of Kepler-186f <i>(foreground)</i> as a rocky <a href="/wiki/Earth" title="Earth">Earth</a>-like planet in the <a href="/wiki/Habitable_zone" title="Habitable zone">habitable zone</a>, with the <a href="/wiki/Kepler-186" title="Kepler-186">Kepler-186</a> system visible in the background <i>(bottom left)</i>. The actual appearance and composition of the exoplanet is not currently known.</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#E0CCFF">Discovery</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_minor_planet_discoverers" title="List of minor planet discoverers">Discovered by</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Elisa_Quintana" title="Elisa Quintana">Elisa Quintana</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_observatory_codes" title="List of observatory codes">Discovery site</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Kepler_space_telescope" title="Kepler space telescope">Kepler space telescope</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;">Discovery date</th><td class="infobox-data">17 April 2014</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Methods_of_detecting_exoplanets" title="Methods of detecting exoplanets">Detection method</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">Transit</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#E0CCFF"><a href="/wiki/Osculating_orbit" title="Osculating orbit">Orbital characteristics</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Semi-major_and_semi-minor_axes" title="Semi-major and semi-minor axes">Semi-major axis</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">0.432 ± 0.01 <a href="/wiki/Astronomical_unit" title="Astronomical unit">AU</a><sup id="cite_ref-NASAExoplanet_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NASAExoplanet-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><a href="/wiki/Orbital_eccentricity" title="Orbital eccentricity">Eccentricity</a></th><td class="infobox-data">0.04<sup id="cite_ref-NASAExoplanet_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NASAExoplanet-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Orbital_period" title="Orbital period">Orbital period (sidereal)</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">129.9444 ± 0.0012 <a href="/wiki/Day" title="Day">d</a><sup id="cite_ref-NASAExoplanet_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NASAExoplanet-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />0.355772 <a href="/wiki/Year" title="Year">y</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><a href="/wiki/Orbital_inclination" title="Orbital inclination">Inclination</a></th><td class="infobox-data">89.9<sup id="cite_ref-NASAExoplanet_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NASAExoplanet-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;">Star</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Kepler-186" title="Kepler-186">Kepler-186</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#E0CCFF"><span class="anchor" id="Infobox_Physical_characteristics"></span>Physical characteristics</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Mean_radius_(astronomy)" title="Mean radius (astronomy)">Mean radius</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">1.17 ± 0.08<sup id="cite_ref-NASAExoplanet_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NASAExoplanet-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Earth_radius" title="Earth radius"><var>R</var><sub>🜨</sub></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><a href="/wiki/Mass" title="Mass">Mass</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7000144000000000000♠"></span>1.44<span style="margin-left:0.3em;"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1.2em;font-size:85%;text-align:right;">+2.33<br />−1.12</span></span></span><sup id="cite_ref-SCI-20140418_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SCI-20140418-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Earth_mass" title="Earth mass"><var>M</var><sub>E</sub></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Surface_gravity" title="Surface gravity">Surface gravity</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">1.17 (est.) <a href="/wiki/G-force" title="G-force">g</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="max-width:11em;"><a href="/wiki/Temperature" title="Temperature">Temperature</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Planetary_equilibrium_temperature" title="Planetary equilibrium temperature"><i>T</i><sub>eq</sub></a>: 188 K (−85 °C; −121 °F)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> </div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Kepler-186f</b><sup id="cite_ref-SCI-20140418_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SCI-20140418-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NASA-20140417_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NASA-20140417-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (also known by its <a href="/wiki/Kepler_object_of_interest" title="Kepler object of interest">Kepler object of interest</a> designation <i>KOI-571.05</i>) is an Earth-sized <a href="/wiki/Exoplanet" title="Exoplanet">exoplanet</a> orbiting within the <a href="/wiki/Habitable_zone" title="Habitable zone">habitable zone</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Red_dwarf" title="Red dwarf">red dwarf</a> <a href="/wiki/Star" title="Star">star</a> <a href="/wiki/Kepler-186" title="Kepler-186">Kepler-186</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-NYT-20140417_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT-20140417-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-AP-20140417_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AP-20140417-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-BBC-20140417_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC-20140417-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the outermost of five such planets discovered around the star by <a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Kepler_space_telescope" title="Kepler space telescope">Kepler space telescope</a>. It is located about 580 <a href="/wiki/Light-year" title="Light-year">light-years</a> (180 <a href="/wiki/Parsec" title="Parsec">parsecs</a>) from <a href="/wiki/Earth" title="Earth">Earth</a> in the constellation of <a href="/wiki/Cygnus_(constellation)" title="Cygnus (constellation)">Cygnus</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Gaia_DR2_Specific4Distances_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gaia_DR2_Specific4Distances-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Kepler-186f orbits its star at a distance of about 0.43 AU (64,000,000 km; 40,000,000 mi) from its host star with an orbital period of roughly 130 <a href="/wiki/Days" class="mw-redirect" title="Days">days</a>, and a mass and radius around 1.44 and 1.17 times that of Earth, respectively. As one of the more promising candidates for habitability, it was the first planet with a radius similar to Earth's to be <a href="/wiki/Discovery_(observation)" title="Discovery (observation)">discovered</a> in the habitable zone of another star. However, key components still need to be found to determine its habitability for life, including an <a href="/wiki/Atmosphere" title="Atmosphere">atmosphere</a>, and its composition and if <a href="/wiki/Liquid_water" class="mw-redirect" title="Liquid water">liquid water</a> can exist on its surface. </p><p>Analysis of three years of data was required to find its signal.<sup id="cite_ref-SETI-2014_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SETI-2014-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> NASA’s Kepler space telescope detected it using the <a href="/wiki/Transit_method" class="mw-redirect" title="Transit method">transit method</a> (in which the dimming effect that a planet causes as it crosses in front of its star is measured), along with four additional planets orbiting much closer to the star (all modestly larger than Earth).<sup id="cite_ref-AP-20140417_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AP-20140417-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The results were presented initially at a conference on 19 March 2014<sup id="cite_ref-EBI-2014_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EBI-2014-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and some details were reported in the media at the time.<sup id="cite_ref-DSC-20140320_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DSC-20140320-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The planet was announced on 17 April 2014,<sup id="cite_ref-NASA-20140417_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NASA-20140417-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> simultaneously with publication of a <a href="/wiki/Scientific_paper" class="mw-redirect" title="Scientific paper">scientific paper</a> in <i><a href="/wiki/Science_(journal)" title="Science (journal)">Science</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-SCI-20140418_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SCI-20140418-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Physical_characteristics">Physical characteristics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kepler-186f&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Physical characteristics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mass,_radius_and_temperature"><span id="Mass.2C_radius_and_temperature"></span>Mass, radius and temperature</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kepler-186f&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Mass, radius and temperature"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The only physical property directly derivable from the observations (besides the orbit) is the size of the planet relative to the central star, which follows from the amount of occultation of stellar light during a transit. This ratio was measured to be 0.021,<sup id="cite_ref-SCI-20140418_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SCI-20140418-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> giving a planetary radius of 1.17 ± 0.08 times that of <a href="/wiki/Earth" title="Earth">Earth</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-NASA-20140417_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NASA-20140417-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-AP-20140417_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AP-20140417-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The planet is about 11% larger in radius than Earth (between 4.5% smaller and 26.5% larger), giving a volume about 1.37 times that of Earth (between 0.87 and 2.03 times as large). </p><p>A very wide range of possible <a href="/wiki/Mass" title="Mass">masses</a> can be calculated by combining the <a href="/wiki/Radius" title="Radius">radius</a> with <a href="/wiki/Density" title="Density">densities</a> derived from the possible types of <a href="/wiki/Matter" title="Matter">matter</a> from which planets can be made. For example, it could be a rocky <a href="/wiki/Terrestrial_planet" title="Terrestrial planet">terrestrial planet</a> or a lower density <a href="/wiki/Ocean_planet" class="mw-redirect" title="Ocean planet">ocean planet</a> with a thick atmosphere. A massive <a href="/wiki/Hydrogen" title="Hydrogen">hydrogen</a>/<a href="/wiki/Helium" title="Helium">helium</a> (H/He) atmosphere is thought to be unlikely in a planet with a radius below 1.5 <var>R</var><sub>🜨</sub>. Planets with a radius of more than 1.5 times that of Earth tend to accumulate the thick atmospheres which make them less likely to be habitable.<sup id="cite_ref-guardian-2014apr17_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-guardian-2014apr17-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Red dwarfs emit a much stronger <a href="/wiki/Extreme_ultraviolet" title="Extreme ultraviolet">extreme ultraviolet</a> (XUV) flux when young than later in life. The planet's primordial atmosphere would have been subjected to elevated <a href="/wiki/Photoevaporation" title="Photoevaporation">photoevaporation</a> during that period, which would probably have largely removed any H/He-rich envelope through <a href="/wiki/Hydrodynamic_escape" title="Hydrodynamic escape">hydrodynamic mass loss</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-SCI-20140418_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SCI-20140418-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Mass estimates range from 0.32 <var>M</var><sub>E</sub> for a pure <a href="/wiki/Water" title="Water">water</a>/ice composition to 3.77 <var>M</var><sub>E</sub> if made up entirely of <a href="/wiki/Iron" title="Iron">iron</a> (both implausible extremes). For a body with radius 1.11 <var>R</var><sub>🜨</sub>, a composition similar to that of Earth (i.e., 1/3 iron, 2/3 <a href="/wiki/Silicate_minerals" class="mw-redirect" title="Silicate minerals">silicate rock</a>) yields a mass of 1.44 <var>M</var><sub>E</sub>,<sup id="cite_ref-SCI-20140418_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SCI-20140418-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> taking into account the higher density due to the higher average <a href="/wiki/Pressure" title="Pressure">pressure</a> compared to Earth.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2016)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> That would make the force of gravity on the surface 17% higher than on Earth. </p><p>The estimated <a href="/wiki/Equilibrium_temperature" class="mw-redirect" title="Equilibrium temperature">equilibrium temperature</a> for Kepler-186f, which is the surface temperature without an atmosphere, is said to be around 188 K (−85 °C; −121 °F), somewhat colder than the equilibrium temperature of <a href="/wiki/Mars" title="Mars">Mars</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Host_star">Host star</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kepler-186f&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Host star"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Kepler-186" title="Kepler-186">Kepler-186</a></div> <p>The planet orbits <a href="/wiki/Kepler-186" title="Kepler-186">Kepler-186</a>, an <a href="/wiki/Stellar_classification#Class_M" title="Stellar classification">M-type</a> <a href="/wiki/Red_dwarf" title="Red dwarf">red dwarf</a> <a href="/wiki/Star" title="Star">star</a> which has a total of five known planets. The star has a mass of 0.54 <var>M</var><sub>☉</sub> and a radius of 0.52 <var>R</var><sub>☉</sub>. It has a temperature of 3755 <a href="/wiki/Kelvin_scale" class="mw-redirect" title="Kelvin scale">K</a> and is about 4 billion years old,<sup id="cite_ref-NASAExoplanet_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NASAExoplanet-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> about 600 million years younger than the <a href="/wiki/Sun" title="Sun">Sun</a>, which is 4.6 billion years old<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and has a temperature of 5,778 K (5,505 °C; 9,941 °F).<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The star's <a href="/wiki/Apparent_magnitude" title="Apparent magnitude">apparent magnitude</a>, or how bright it appears from Earth's perspective, is 14.62. This is too dim to be seen with the naked eye, which can only see objects with a <a href="/wiki/Magnitude_(astronomy)" title="Magnitude (astronomy)">magnitude</a> up to at least 6.5 – 7 or lower.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Orbit">Orbit</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kepler-186f&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Orbit"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kepler-186f orbits its star with about 5% of the Sun's luminosity with an orbital period of 129.9 days and an orbital radius of about 0.40<sup id="cite_ref-NASAExoplanet_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NASAExoplanet-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> times that of Earth's (compared to 0.39 <a href="/wiki/Astronomical_unit" title="Astronomical unit">AU</a> (58 million <a href="/wiki/Kilometre" title="Kilometre">km</a>; 36 million <a href="/wiki/Mile" title="Mile">mi</a>) for <a href="/wiki/Mercury_(planet)" title="Mercury (planet)">Mercury</a>). The habitable zone for this system is estimated conservatively to extend over distances receiving from 88% to 25% of Earth's illumination (from 0.23 to 0.46 AU (34 to 69 million km; 21 to 43 million mi)).<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kepler-186f receives about 32%, placing it within the conservative zone but near the outer edge, similar to the position of <a href="/wiki/Mars" title="Mars">Mars</a> in the Solar System.<sup id="cite_ref-SCI-20140418_2-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SCI-20140418-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="clear:left;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Habitability">Habitability</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kepler-186f&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Habitability"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kepler186f-ComparisonGraphic-20140417.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Kepler186f-ComparisonGraphic-20140417.jpg/300px-Kepler186f-ComparisonGraphic-20140417.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Kepler186f-ComparisonGraphic-20140417.jpg/450px-Kepler186f-ComparisonGraphic-20140417.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Kepler186f-ComparisonGraphic-20140417.jpg/600px-Kepler186f-ComparisonGraphic-20140417.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4534" data-file-height="2550" /></a><figcaption>Size comparison of Kepler-186f (artist's impression) with Earth along with their projected <a href="/wiki/Habitable_zone" title="Habitable zone">habitable zones</a></figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Habitability_of_red_dwarf_systems" title="Habitability of red dwarf systems">Habitability of red dwarf systems</a></div> <p>Kepler-186f's location within the habitable zone does not necessarily mean it is habitable; this is also dependent on its atmospheric characteristics, which are unknown.<sup id="cite_ref-Clark-2014_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Clark-2014-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, Kepler-186f is too distant for its atmosphere to be analyzed by existing telescopes (e.g., <a href="/wiki/NESSI" class="mw-redirect" title="NESSI">NESSI</a>) or next-generation instruments such as the <a href="/wiki/James_Webb_Space_Telescope" title="James Webb Space Telescope">James Webb Space Telescope</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-AP-20140417_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AP-20140417-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NPR-303806575_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NPR-303806575-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A simple climate model – in which the planet's inventory of volatiles is restricted to nitrogen, carbon dioxide and water, and clouds are not accounted for – suggests that the planet's surface temperature would be above 273 K (0 °C; 32 °F) if at least 0.5 to 5 <a href="/wiki/Bar_(unit)" title="Bar (unit)">bars</a> of CO<sub>2</sub> is present in its atmosphere, for assumed N<sub>2</sub> partial pressures ranging from 10 bar to zero, respectively.<sup id="cite_ref-arXiv-4368_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-arXiv-4368-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The star hosts four other planets discovered so far, although Kepler-186 b, c, d, and e (in order of increasing orbital radius), being too close to their star, are considered too hot to have liquid water. The four innermost planets are probably <a href="/wiki/Tidally_locked" class="mw-redirect" title="Tidally locked">tidally locked</a>, but Kepler-186f is in a higher orbit, where the star's <a href="/wiki/Tidal_force" title="Tidal force">tidal effects</a> are much weaker, so the time could have been insufficient for its spin to slow down significantly. Because of the very slow evolution of red dwarfs, the age of the Kepler-186 system was poorly constrained, although it is likely to be greater than a few billion years.<sup id="cite_ref-arXiv-4368_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-arXiv-4368-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Recent results have placed the age at around 4 billion years.<sup id="cite_ref-NASAExoplanet_1-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NASAExoplanet-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The chance that it is tidally locked is approximately 50%.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since it is closer to its star than Earth is to the Sun, it will probably rotate much more slowly than Earth; its day could be weeks or months long (see <a href="/wiki/Exoplanet#Tidal_effects_on_rotation_rate,_axial_tilt_and_orbit" title="Exoplanet">Tidal effects on rotation rate, axial tilt and orbit</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-SETI-video_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SETI-video-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Kepler-186f's <a href="/wiki/Axial_tilt" title="Axial tilt">axial tilt</a> (obliquity) is likely very small, in which case it would not have tilt-induced seasons like Earth's. Its orbit is probably close to circular,<sup id="cite_ref-SETI-video_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SETI-video-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> so it will also lack eccentricity-induced seasonal changes like those of <a href="/wiki/Mars" title="Mars">Mars</a>. However, the axial tilt could be larger (about 23 degrees) if another undetected non-transiting planet orbits between it and Kepler-186e; planetary formation simulations have shown that the presence of at least one additional planet in this region is likely. If such a planet exists, it cannot be much more massive than Earth as it would then cause orbital instabilities.<sup id="cite_ref-arXiv-4368_19-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-arXiv-4368-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>One review essay in 2015 concluded that Kepler-186f, along with the exoplanets <a href="/wiki/Kepler-442b" title="Kepler-442b">Kepler-442b</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kepler-62f" title="Kepler-62f">Kepler-62f</a>, were likely the best candidates for being potentially habitable planets.<sup id="cite_ref-centauridreams_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-centauridreams-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In June 2018, studies suggest that Kepler-186f may have seasons and a climate similar to those on Earth.<sup id="cite_ref-CNET-20180629_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CNET-20180629-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Follow-up_studies">Follow-up studies</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kepler-186f&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Follow-up studies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kepler-186f_39x27_CMYK-1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Kepler-186f_39x27_CMYK-1.jpg/220px-Kepler-186f_39x27_CMYK-1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="318" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Kepler-186f_39x27_CMYK-1.jpg/330px-Kepler-186f_39x27_CMYK-1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Kepler-186f_39x27_CMYK-1.jpg/440px-Kepler-186f_39x27_CMYK-1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="8102" data-file-height="11695" /></a><figcaption>NASA Exoplanet Exploration Program "travel poster" for Kepler-186f<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Target_of_SETI_investigation">Target of SETI investigation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kepler-186f&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Target of SETI investigation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As part of the <a href="/wiki/SETI_Institute" title="SETI Institute">SETI Institute</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Search_for_extraterrestrial_intelligence" title="Search for extraterrestrial intelligence">search for extraterrestrial intelligence</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Allen_Telescope_Array" title="Allen Telescope Array">Allen Telescope Array</a> had listened for radio emissions from the Kepler-186 system for about a month as of 17 April 2014. No signals attributable to extraterrestrial technology were found in that interval; however, to be detectable, such transmissions, if radiated in all directions equally and thus not preferentially towards the Earth, would need to be at least 10 times as strong as those from <a href="/wiki/Arecibo_Observatory" title="Arecibo Observatory">Arecibo Observatory</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-SETI-2014_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SETI-2014-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another search, undertaken at the <a href="/wiki/Crowdsourcing" title="Crowdsourcing">crowdsourcing</a> project <a href="/wiki/SETILive" title="SETILive">SETI-Live</a>, reports inconclusive but optimistic-looking signs in the radio noise from the Allen Array observations.<sup id="cite_ref-sci20.134555_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sci20.134555-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The more well known <a href="/wiki/Seti@Home" class="mw-redirect" title="Seti@Home">SETI @ Home</a> search does not cover any object in the Kepler field of view.<sup id="cite_ref-seti.1491559_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-seti.1491559-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another follow-up survey using the <a href="/wiki/Green_Bank_Telescope" title="Green Bank Telescope">Green Bank Telescope</a> has not reviewed Kepler 186f.<sup id="cite_ref-arxiv=1302.0845v1_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-arxiv=1302.0845v1-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Given the interstellar distance of 490 light-years (151 pc), the signals would have left the planet many years ago. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Future_technology_and_observations">Future technology and observations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kepler-186f&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Future technology and observations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>At approximately 580 light-years (180 pc) distant, Kepler-186f is too far and its star too faint for current telescopes or the next generation of planned telescopes to determine its mass or whether it has an atmosphere. However, the discovery of Kepler-186f demonstrates conclusively that there are other Earth-sized planets in habitable zones. The Kepler spacecraft focused on a single small region of the sky but next-generation planet-hunting space telescopes, such as <a href="/wiki/Transiting_Exoplanet_Survey_Satellite" title="Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite">TESS</a> and <a href="/wiki/CHEOPS" title="CHEOPS">CHEOPS</a>, will examine nearby stars throughout the sky. Nearby stars with planets can then be studied by the <a href="/wiki/James_Webb_Space_Telescope" title="James Webb Space Telescope">James Webb Space Telescope</a> and future large ground-based telescopes to analyze atmospheres, determine masses and infer compositions.<sup id="cite_ref-SETI-video_21-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SETI-video-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Additionally the <a href="/wiki/Square_Kilometer_Array" class="mw-redirect" title="Square Kilometer Array">Square Kilometer Array</a> would significantly improve radio observations over the <a href="/wiki/Arecibo_Observatory" title="Arecibo Observatory">Arecibo Observatory</a> and <a href="/wiki/Green_Bank_Telescope" title="Green Bank Telescope">Green Bank Telescope</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-arxiv=1302.0845v1_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-arxiv=1302.0845v1-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Previous_names">Previous names</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kepler-186f&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Previous names"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As the <a href="/wiki/Kepler_telescope" class="mw-redirect" title="Kepler telescope">Kepler telescope</a> observational campaign proceeded, an initially identified system was entered in the <a href="/wiki/Kepler_Input_Catalog" title="Kepler Input Catalog">Kepler Input Catalog</a> (KIC), and then progressed as a candidate host of planets to a <a href="/wiki/Kepler_Object_of_Interest" class="mw-redirect" title="Kepler Object of Interest">Kepler Object of Interest</a> (KOI). Thus, <a href="/wiki/Kepler-186" title="Kepler-186">Kepler-186</a> started as <i>KIC 8120608</i> and then was identified as <i>KOI-571</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-arXiv-6534_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-arXiv-6534-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kepler-186f was mentioned when known as KOI-571-05 or KOI-571.05 or using similar nomenclatures in 2013 in various discussions and publications before its full confirmation.<sup id="cite_ref-multi_ref_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-multi_ref-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Comparison">Comparison</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kepler-186f&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Comparison"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The nearest-to-Earth-size planet in a habitable zone previously known was <a href="/wiki/Kepler-62f" title="Kepler-62f">Kepler-62f</a> with 1.4 Earth radii. Kepler-186f orbits an M-dwarf star, while Kepler-62f orbits a K-type star. A study of atmospheric evolution in Earth-size planets in habitable zones of <a href="/wiki/Stellar_classification#Class_G" title="Stellar classification">G-Stars</a> (a class containing the Sun, but not Kepler-186) suggested that 0.8–1.15 R<sub>🜨</sub> is the size range for planets small enough to lose their initial accreted hydrogen envelope but large enough to retain an outgassed secondary atmosphere such as Earth's.<sup id="cite_ref-arXiv-2765_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-arXiv-2765-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable" style="margin:0.5em auto; width:450px;"> <tbody><tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Exoplanet" title="Exoplanet">Notable Exoplanets</a> – <a href="/wiki/Kepler_(spacecraft)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kepler (spacecraft)">Kepler Space Telescope</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="font-size:88%"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:KeplerExoplanets-NearEarthSize-HabitableZone-20150106.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/KeplerExoplanets-NearEarthSize-HabitableZone-20150106.png/500px-KeplerExoplanets-NearEarthSize-HabitableZone-20150106.png" decoding="async" width="450" height="303" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/KeplerExoplanets-NearEarthSize-HabitableZone-20150106.png/960px-KeplerExoplanets-NearEarthSize-HabitableZone-20150106.png 1.5x" data-file-width="2576" data-file-height="1732" /></a></span> <div class="center">Confirmed small exoplanets in <a href="/wiki/Habitable_zone" title="Habitable zone">habitable zones</a>.<br />(<a href="/wiki/Kepler-62e" title="Kepler-62e">Kepler-62e</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kepler-62f" title="Kepler-62f">Kepler-62f</a>, Kepler-186f, <a href="/wiki/Kepler-296e" title="Kepler-296e">Kepler-296e</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kepler-296f" title="Kepler-296f">Kepler-296f</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kepler-438b" title="Kepler-438b">Kepler-438b</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kepler-440b" title="Kepler-440b">Kepler-440b</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kepler-442b" title="Kepler-442b">Kepler-442b</a>)<br />(Kepler Space Telescope; 6 January 2015).<sup id="cite_ref-NASA-20150106_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NASA-20150106-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_popular_culture">In popular culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kepler-186f&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: In popular culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Along with five other exoplanets, Kepler-186f was included in <i><a href="/wiki/Civilization:_Beyond_Earth" title="Civilization: Beyond Earth">Civilization: Beyond Earth</a></i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s exoplanet <a href="/wiki/Downloadable_content" title="Downloadable content">DLC</a> as a playable map.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Dutch rock band <a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Hubschrauber&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Hubschrauber (page does not exist)">The Hubschrauber</a><sup class="noprint" style="font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Hubschrauber" class="extiw" title="nl:The Hubschrauber">nl</a>]</sup> named their 2017 album <i>Kepler-186f</i> after this exoplanet.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Kepler-186f is the location of a future earth colony in the short story <a href="/wiki/Take_Us_to_Your_Chief:_and_Other_Stories" title="Take Us to Your Chief: and Other Stories">"Stars"</a> by <a href="/wiki/Drew_Hayden_Taylor" title="Drew Hayden Taylor">Drew Hayden Taylor</a>.</li> <li>In season 2 of the 2020 <a href="/wiki/Animaniacs" title="Animaniacs">Animaniacs</a> reboot, Kepler 186f, alongside <a href="/wiki/Pegasi_51b" class="mw-redirect" title="Pegasi 51b">Pegasi 51b</a> & the fictional WB-1, is referenced in the song "Yakko's Big Idea"</li> <li>In season 12 of <a href="/wiki/The_Big_Bang_Theory" title="The Big Bang Theory">The Big Bang Theory</a> episode "The Conjugal Configuration", Kepler 186F is shown on a poster in Neil deGrasse Tyson's office.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kepler-186f&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Habitability_of_red_dwarf_systems" title="Habitability of red dwarf systems">Habitability of red dwarf systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_potentially_habitable_exoplanets" title="List of potentially habitable exoplanets">List of potentially habitable exoplanets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_astronomical_objects" title="Lists of astronomical objects">Lists of astronomical objects</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kepler-186f&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626" /><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li 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A Search for Narrow-band Emission from Select Targets". <i>The Astrophysical Journal</i>. <b>767</b> (1): 94. <a href="/wiki/ArXiv_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ArXiv (identifier)">arXiv</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1302.0845">1302.0845</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013ApJ...767...94S">2013ApJ...767...94S</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1088%2F0004-637X%2F767%2F1%2F94">10.1088/0004-637X/767/1/94</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:119302350">119302350</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Astrophysical+Journal&rft.atitle=A+1.1+to+1.9+GHz+SETI+Survey+of+the+Kepler+Field%3A+I.+A+Search+for+Narrow-band+Emission+from+Select+Targets&rft.volume=767&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=94&rft.date=2013&rft_id=info%3Aarxiv%2F1302.0845&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A119302350%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1088%2F0004-637X%2F767%2F1%2F94&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2013ApJ...767...94S&rft.aulast=Siemion&rft.aufirst=Andrew+P.V.&rft.au=Demorest%2C+Paul&rft.au=Korpela%2C+Eric&rft.au=Maddalena%2C+Ron+J.&rft.au=Werthimer%2C+Dan&rft.au=Cobb%2C+Jeff&rft.au=Langston%2C+Glen&rft.au=Lebofsky%2C+Matt&rft.au=Marcy%2C+Geoffrey+W.&rft.au=Tarter%2C+Jill&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKepler-186f" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-arXiv-6534-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-arXiv-6534_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRowe2014" class="citation journal cs1">Rowe, Jason F.; et al. (27 February 2014). "Validation of Kepler's Multiple Planet Candidates. III: Light Curve Analysis & Announcement of Hundreds of New Multi-planet Systems". <i>The Astrophysical Journal</i>. <b>784</b> (1): 45. <a href="/wiki/ArXiv_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ArXiv (identifier)">arXiv</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1402.6534">1402.6534</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014ApJ...784...45R">2014ApJ...784...45R</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1088%2F0004-637X%2F784%2F1%2F45">10.1088/0004-637X/784/1/45</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:119118620">119118620</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Astrophysical+Journal&rft.atitle=Validation+of+Kepler%27s+Multiple+Planet+Candidates.+III%3A+Light+Curve+Analysis+%26+Announcement+of+Hundreds+of+New+Multi-planet+Systems&rft.volume=784&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=45&rft.date=2014-02-27&rft_id=info%3Aarxiv%2F1402.6534&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A119118620%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1088%2F0004-637X%2F784%2F1%2F45&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2014ApJ...784...45R&rft.aulast=Rowe&rft.aufirst=Jason+F.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKepler-186f" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-multi_ref-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-multi_ref_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGlister2013" class="citation web cs1">Glister, Paul (5 November 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.centauri-dreams.org/?p=29448">"Earth-Sized Planets in Habitable Zone Common"</a>. <i>Centauri Dreams</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140419083016/http://www.centauri-dreams.org/?p=29448">Archived</a> from the original on 19 April 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Centauri+Dreams&rft.atitle=Earth-Sized+Planets+in+Habitable+Zone+Common&rft.date=2013-11-05&rft.aulast=Glister&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.centauri-dreams.org%2F%3Fp%3D29448&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKepler-186f" class="Z3988"></span> See comment by "Holger 16 November 2013 at 14:21".<br /> <b>^</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFredakce_["editor"]2013" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">redakce ["editor"] (6 August 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.exoplanety.cz/2013/08/06/koi-571/">"Kepler (asi) našel obyvatelnou planetu o velikosti Země"</a> [Kepler (probably) found a habitable planet the size of Earth] (in Czech). exoplanety.cz. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130820192548/http://www.exoplanety.cz/2013/08/06/koi-571/">Archived</a> from the original on 20 August 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Kepler+%28asi%29+na%C5%A1el+obyvatelnou+planetu+o+velikosti+Zem%C4%9B&rft.pub=exoplanety.cz&rft.date=2013-08-06&rft.au=redakce+%5B%22editor%22%5D&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.exoplanety.cz%2F2013%2F08%2F06%2Fkoi-571%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKepler-186f" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">|author=</code> has generic name (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#generic_name" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span><br /> <b>^</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://zauberdersterne.wordpress.com/2013/08/19/kepler-erster-kandidat-einer-habitablen-exoerde/">"Kepler: Erster Kandidat einer habitablen Exoerde Veröffentlicht"</a> [Kepler: First candidate of a habitable Exoplanet Published]. <i>Zauber der Sterne [Magic of the stars]</i> (in German). 19 August 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130927042529/http://zauberdersterne.wordpress.com/2013/08/19/kepler-erster-kandidat-einer-habitablen-exoerde/">Archived</a> from the original on 27 September 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Zauber+der+Sterne+%5BMagic+of+the+stars%5D&rft.atitle=Kepler%3A+Erster+Kandidat+einer+habitablen+Exoerde+Ver%C3%B6ffentlicht&rft.date=2013-08-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fzauberdersterne.wordpress.com%2F2013%2F08%2F19%2Fkepler-erster-kandidat-einer-habitablen-exoerde%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKepler-186f" class="Z3988"></span><br /> <b>^</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBovairdLineweaver2013" class="citation journal cs1">Bovaird, Timothy; Lineweaver, Charles H. 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(13 January 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fmnras%2Fstu085">"Origin and Loss of nebula-captured hydrogen envelopes from "sub"- to "super-Earths" in the habitable zone of Sun-like stars"</a>. <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. <b>439</b> (4): 3225. <a href="/wiki/ArXiv_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ArXiv (identifier)">arXiv</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1401.2765">1401.2765</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014MNRAS.439.3225L">2014MNRAS.439.3225L</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fmnras%2Fstu085">10.1093/mnras/stu085</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:118620603">118620603</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Monthly+Notices+of+the+Royal+Astronomical+Society&rft.atitle=Origin+and+Loss+of+nebula-captured+hydrogen+envelopes+from+%22sub%22-+to+%22super-Earths%22+in+the+habitable+zone+of+Sun-like+stars&rft.volume=439&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=3225&rft.date=2014-01-13&rft_id=info%3Aarxiv%2F1401.2765&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A118620603%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fmnras%2Fstu085&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2014MNRAS.439.3225L&rft.aulast=Lammer&rft.aufirst=H.&rft.au=St%C3%B6kl%2C+A.&rft.au=Erkaev%2C+N.V.&rft.au=Dorfi%2C+E.A.&rft.au=Odert%2C+P.&rft.au=G%C3%BCdel%2C+M.&rft.au=Kulikov%2C+Yu.N.&rft.au=Kislyakova%2C+K.G.&rft.au=Leitzinger%2C+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1093%252Fmnras%252Fstu085&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKepler-186f" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NASA-20150106-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NASA-20150106_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFClavinChouJohnson2015" class="citation web cs1">Clavin, Whitney; Chou, Felicia; Johnson, Michele (6 January 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?release=2015-003">"NASA's Kepler Marks 1,000th Exoplanet Discovery, Uncovers More Small Worlds in Habitable Zones"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 January</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NASA&rft.atitle=NASA%27s+Kepler+Marks+1%2C000th+Exoplanet+Discovery%2C+Uncovers+More+Small+Worlds+in+Habitable+Zones&rft.date=2015-01-06&rft.aulast=Clavin&rft.aufirst=Whitney&rft.au=Chou%2C+Felicia&rft.au=Johnson%2C+Michele&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jpl.nasa.gov%2Fnews%2Fnews.php%3Frelease%3D2015-003&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKepler-186f" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://store.steampowered.com/app/304010/">"Civilization: Beyond Earth"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Steam_(service)" title="Steam (service)">Steam</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Steam&rft.atitle=Civilization%3A+Beyond+Earth&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fstore.steampowered.com%2Fapp%2F304010%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKepler-186f" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nos.nl/op3/artikel/2154853-nijmeegse-band-schiet-album-naar-de-maan.html">"Nijmeegse band schiet album naar de maan"</a>. <i>NOS op 3</i> (in Dutch). <a href="/wiki/Nederlandse_Omroep_Stichting" title="Nederlandse Omroep Stichting">Nederlandse Omroep Stichting</a>. 25 January 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 July</span> 2017</span>. <q>Vernoemd naar de eerst ontdekte planeet waar misschien wel menselijk leven mogelijk is</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NOS+op+3&rft.atitle=Nijmeegse+band+schiet+album+naar+de+maan&rft.date=2017-01-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnos.nl%2Fop3%2Fartikel%2F2154853-nijmeegse-band-schiet-album-naar-de-maan.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKepler-186f" class="Z3988"></span>; <span class="machinetrans machinetrans_to_nl machinetrans_from_en"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/translate?sl=nl&tl=en&prev=_t&hl=en&u=http://nos.nl/op3/artikel/2154853-nijmeegse-band-schiet-album-naar-de-maan.html">'google translated here'</a></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span 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href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100527104316/http://kepler.nasa.gov/Mission/discoveries/">NASA – Kepler Discoveries – Summary Table</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://exoplanetarchive.ipac.caltech.edu/cgi-bin/DisplayOverview/nph-DisplayOverview?objname=Kepler-186+f&type=CONFIRMED_PLANET">NASA – Kepler-186f</a> at <a href="/wiki/NASA_Exoplanet_Archive" title="NASA Exoplanet Archive">The NASA Exoplanet Archive</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://exoplanets.org/detail/Kepler-186_f">NASA – Kepler-186f</a> at <a href="/wiki/Exoplanet_Data_Explorer" title="Exoplanet Data Explorer">The Exoplanet Data Explorer</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://exoplanet.eu/catalog/kepler_186_f--2263/">NASA – Kepler-186f</a> at <a href="/wiki/The_Extrasolar_Planets_Encyclopaedia" class="mw-redirect" title="The Extrasolar Planets Encyclopaedia">The Extrasolar Planets Encyclopaedia</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://phl.upr.edu/projects/habitable-exoplanets-catalog">Habitable Exolanets Catalog</a> at <a href="/wiki/University_of_Puerto_Rico_at_Arecibo" title="University of Puerto Rico at Arecibo">UPR-Arecibo</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.seti.org/hangout/planet-in-habitable-zone">NASA – Kepler 186f – SETI Institute – A Planet in the Habitable Zone (video)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140418175837/http://www.seti.org/hangout/planet-in-habitable-zone">Archived</a> 18 April 2014 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> 2014.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nasa.gov/ames/kepler/digital-press-kit-kepler-186f-an-earth-size-habitable-zone-planet/">NASA – NASA Press kit</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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coords="188,27,9" alt="Kepler-186c" title="Kepler-186c" /><area href="/wiki/Kepler-186d" shape="circle" coords="227,27,14" alt="Kepler-186d" title="Kepler-186d" /><area href="/wiki/Kepler-186e" shape="circle" coords="267,27,7" alt="Kepler-186e" title="Kepler-186e" /><area href="/wiki/Kepler-186f" shape="circle" coords="496,27,13" alt="Kepler-186f" title="Kepler-186f" /></map><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Stars</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kepler-186" title="Kepler-186">Kepler-186</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Planets</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kepler-186b" title="Kepler-186b">Kepler-186b</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kepler-186c" class="mw-redirect" title="Kepler-186c">Kepler-186c</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kepler-186d" class="mw-redirect" title="Kepler-186d">Kepler-186d</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kepler-186e" title="Kepler-186e">Kepler-186e</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kepler-186f</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Exoplanets555" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Exoplanet" title="Template:Exoplanet"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Exoplanet" title="Template talk:Exoplanet"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Exoplanet" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Exoplanet"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Exoplanets555" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Exoplanets</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Planet" title="Planet">Planet</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Definition_of_planet" title="Definition of planet">Definition</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IAU_definition_of_planet" title="IAU definition of planet">IAU</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planetary_science" title="Planetary science">Planetary science</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right;">Main topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Exoplanet" title="Exoplanet">Exoplanet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exoplanet_orbital_and_physical_parameters" title="Exoplanet orbital and physical parameters">Exoplanet orbital and physical parameters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methods_of_detecting_exoplanets" title="Methods of detecting exoplanets">Methods of detecting exoplanets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planetary_system" title="Planetary system">Planetary system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planet-hosting_star" title="Planet-hosting star">Planet-hosting stars</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="10" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/PDS_70" title="PDS 70"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/PDS_70.jpg/120px-PDS_70.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="85" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/PDS_70.jpg/250px-PDS_70.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1692" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right;">Sizes<br />and <br /><a href="/wiki/List_of_planet_types" title="List of planet types">types</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Terrestrial_planet" title="Terrestrial planet">Terrestrial</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carbon_planet" title="Carbon planet">Carbon planet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coreless_planet" title="Coreless planet">Coreless planet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desert_planet" title="Desert planet">Desert planet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dwarf_planet" title="Dwarf planet">Dwarf planet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hycean_planet" title="Hycean planet">Hycean planet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_planet" title="Ice planet">Ice planet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iron_planet" title="Iron planet">Iron planet</a> (Super-Mercury)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lava_planet" title="Lava planet">Lava planet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ocean_world" title="Ocean world">Ocean world</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mega-Earth" title="Mega-Earth">Mega-Earth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sub-Earth" title="Sub-Earth">Sub-Earth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Super-Earth" title="Super-Earth">Super-Earth</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Gas_giant" title="Gas giant">Gaseous</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eccentric_Jupiter" title="Eccentric Jupiter">Eccentric Jupiter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mini-Neptune" title="Mini-Neptune">Mini-Neptune</a> (Gas dwarf)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helium_planet" title="Helium planet">Helium planet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hot_Jupiter" title="Hot Jupiter">Hot Jupiter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hot_Neptune" title="Hot Neptune">Hot Neptune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gas_giant" title="Gas giant">Gas giant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_giant" title="Ice giant">Ice giant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Super-Jupiter" title="Super-Jupiter">Super-Jupiter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Super-Neptune" title="Super-Neptune">Super-Neptune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Super-puff" title="Super-puff">Super-puff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultra-hot_Jupiter" class="mw-redirect" title="Ultra-hot Jupiter">Ultra-hot Jupiter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultra-hot_Neptune" class="mw-redirect" title="Ultra-hot Neptune">Ultra-hot Neptune</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Other types</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blanet" title="Blanet">Blanet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brown_dwarf" title="Brown dwarf">Brown dwarf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chthonian_planet" title="Chthonian planet">Chthonian planet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circumbinary_planet" title="Circumbinary planet">Circumbinary planet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circumtriple_planet" title="Circumtriple planet">Circumtriple planet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disrupted_planet" title="Disrupted planet">Disrupted planet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Double_planet" title="Double planet">Double planet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecumenopolis" title="Ecumenopolis">Ecumenopolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eyeball_planet" title="Eyeball planet">Eyeball planet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giant_planet" title="Giant planet">Giant planet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesoplanet" title="Mesoplanet">Mesoplanet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planetary-mass_object" title="Planetary-mass object">Planemo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brown_dwarf#Low-mass_brown_dwarfs_versus_high-mass_planets" title="Brown dwarf">Planet/Brown dwarf boundary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planetesimal" title="Planetesimal">Planetesimal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protoplanet" title="Protoplanet">Protoplanet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulsar_planet" title="Pulsar planet">Pulsar planet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sub-brown_dwarf" title="Sub-brown dwarf">Sub-brown dwarf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sub-Neptune" title="Sub-Neptune">Sub-Neptune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toroidal_planet" title="Toroidal planet">Toroidal planet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultra-cool_dwarf" title="Ultra-cool dwarf">Ultra-cool dwarf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultra-short_period_planet" title="Ultra-short period planet">Ultra-short period planet (USP)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Formation_and_evolution_of_the_Solar_System" title="Formation and evolution of the Solar System">Formation <br />and <br />evolution</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Accretion_(astrophysics)" title="Accretion (astrophysics)">Accretion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Accretion_disk" title="Accretion disk">Accretion disk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asteroid_belt" title="Asteroid belt">Asteroid belt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circumplanetary_disk" title="Circumplanetary disk">Circumplanetary disk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circumstellar_disc" title="Circumstellar disc">Circumstellar disc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circumstellar_envelope" title="Circumstellar envelope">Circumstellar envelope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cosmic_dust" title="Cosmic dust">Cosmic dust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Debris_disk" title="Debris disk">Debris disk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Detached_object" title="Detached object">Detached object</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disrupted_planet" title="Disrupted planet">Disrupted planet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Accretion_disk#Excretion_disk" title="Accretion disk">Excretion disk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exozodiacal_dust" title="Exozodiacal dust">Exozodiacal dust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extraterrestrial_materials" title="Extraterrestrial materials">Extraterrestrial materials</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extraterrestrial_sample_curation" title="Extraterrestrial sample curation">Extraterrestrial sample curation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giant-impact_hypothesis" title="Giant-impact hypothesis">Giant-impact hypothesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gravitational_collapse" title="Gravitational collapse">Gravitational collapse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hills_cloud" title="Hills cloud">Hills cloud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exoplanet_interiors" title="Exoplanet interiors">Internal structure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interplanetary_dust_cloud" title="Interplanetary dust cloud">Interplanetary dust cloud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interplanetary_medium" title="Interplanetary medium">Interplanetary medium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interplanetary_space" class="mw-redirect" title="Interplanetary space">Interplanetary space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interstellar_cloud" title="Interstellar cloud">Interstellar cloud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interstellar_dust" class="mw-redirect" title="Interstellar dust">Interstellar dust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interstellar_medium" title="Interstellar medium">Interstellar medium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outer_space#Interstellar_space" title="Outer space">Interstellar space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuiper_belt" title="Kuiper belt">Kuiper belt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_interstellar_and_circumstellar_molecules" title="List of interstellar and circumstellar molecules">List of interstellar and circumstellar molecules</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stellar_collision#Formation_of_planets" title="Stellar collision">Merging stars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molecular_cloud" title="Molecular cloud">Molecular cloud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nebular_hypothesis" title="Nebular hypothesis">Nebular hypothesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oort_cloud" title="Oort cloud">Oort cloud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outer_space" title="Outer space">Outer space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planetary_migration" title="Planetary migration">Planetary migration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planetary_system" title="Planetary system">Planetary system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planetesimal" title="Planetesimal">Planetesimal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nebular_hypothesis#Formation_of_planets" title="Nebular hypothesis">Planet formation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protoplanetary_disk" title="Protoplanetary disk">Protoplanetary disk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ring_system" title="Ring system">Ring system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rubble_pile" title="Rubble pile">Rubble pile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sample-return_mission" title="Sample-return mission">Sample-return mission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scattered_disc" title="Scattered disc">Scattered disc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_formation" title="Star formation">Star formation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Planetary_system" title="Planetary system">Systems</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Exocomet" title="Exocomet">Exocomet</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Interstellar_comet" class="mw-redirect" title="Interstellar comet">Interstellar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exomoon" title="Exomoon">Exomoon</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tidally_detached_exomoon" title="Tidally detached exomoon">Tidally detached</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rogue_planet" title="Rogue planet">Rogue planet</a></li> <li>Orbits <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Retrograde_and_prograde_motion#Exoplanets" title="Retrograde and prograde motion">Retrograde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Co-orbital_configuration#Trojans" title="Co-orbital configuration">Trojan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orbital_resonance#Mean-motion_resonances_among_extrasolar_planets" title="Orbital resonance">Mean-motion resonances</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titius%E2%80%93Bode_law#Lunar_systems_and_other_planetary_systems" title="Titius–Bode law">Titius–Bode law</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Planetary_system#Planet-hosting_stars" title="Planetary system">Host stars</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/A-type_main-sequence_star#Planets" title="A-type main-sequence star">A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B-type_main-sequence_star#Planets" title="B-type main-sequence star">B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Binary_star#Planets" title="Binary star">Binary star</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brown_dwarf#Planets_around_brown_dwarfs" title="Brown dwarf">Brown dwarfs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F-type_main-sequence_star#Planets" title="F-type main-sequence star">F/Yellow-white dwarfs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G-type_main-sequence_star#Planets" title="G-type main-sequence star">G/Yellow dwarfs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbig_Ae/Be_star#Planets" title="Herbig Ae/Be star">Herbig Ae/Be</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K-type_main-sequence_star#Planets" title="K-type main-sequence star">K/Orange dwarfs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_dwarf#Planets" title="Red dwarf">M/Red dwarfs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulsar_planet" title="Pulsar planet">Pulsar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_giant#Planets" title="Red giant">Red giant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subdwarf_B_star#Planetary_systems" title="Subdwarf B star">Subdwarf B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subgiant#Planets" title="Subgiant">Subgiant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T_Tauri_star#Planets" title="T Tauri star">T Tauri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_dwarf#Debris_disks_and_planets" title="White dwarf">White dwarfs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yellow_giant#Planets" class="mw-redirect" title="Yellow giant">Yellow giants</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Methods_of_detecting_exoplanets" title="Methods of detecting exoplanets">Detection</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Astrometry" title="Astrometry">Astrometry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methods_of_detecting_exoplanets#Direct_imaging" title="Methods of detecting exoplanets">Direct imaging</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_directly_imaged_exoplanets" title="List of directly imaged exoplanets">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gravitational_microlensing" title="Gravitational microlensing">Microlensing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_exoplanets_detected_by_microlensing" title="List of exoplanets detected by microlensing">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polarimetry" title="Polarimetry">Polarimetry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methods_of_detecting_exoplanets#Pulsar_timing" title="Methods of detecting exoplanets">Timing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_exoplanets_detected_by_timing" title="List of exoplanets detected by timing">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doppler_spectroscopy" title="Doppler spectroscopy">Radial velocity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_exoplanets_detected_by_radial_velocity" title="List of exoplanets detected by radial velocity">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methods_of_detecting_exoplanets#Transit_photometry" title="Methods of detecting exoplanets">Transit method</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_transiting_exoplanets" title="List of transiting exoplanets">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transit-timing_variation" title="Transit-timing variation">Transit-timing variation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Planetary_habitability" title="Planetary habitability">Habitability</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Astrobiology" title="Astrobiology">Astrobiology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astrooceanography" class="mw-redirect" title="Astrooceanography">Astrooceanography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circumstellar_habitable_zone" class="mw-redirect" title="Circumstellar habitable zone">Circumstellar habitable zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earth_analog" title="Earth analog">Earth analog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extraterrestrial_liquid_water" title="Extraterrestrial liquid water">Extraterrestrial liquid water</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galactic_habitable_zone" title="Galactic habitable zone">Galactic habitable zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habitability_of_binary_star_systems" title="Habitability of binary star systems">Habitability of binary star systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habitability_of_F-type_main-sequence_star_systems" title="Habitability of F-type main-sequence star systems">Habitability of F-type main-sequence star systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habitability_of_K-type_main-sequence_star_systems" title="Habitability of K-type main-sequence star systems">Habitability of K-type main-sequence star systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habitability_of_natural_satellites" title="Habitability of natural satellites">Habitability of natural satellites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habitability_of_neutron_star_systems" title="Habitability of neutron star systems">Habitability of neutron star systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habitability_of_red_dwarf_systems" title="Habitability of red dwarf systems">Habitability of red dwarf systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habitability_of_yellow_dwarf_systems" title="Habitability of yellow dwarf systems">Habitability of yellow dwarf systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habitable_zone_for_complex_life" title="Habitable zone for complex life">Habitable zone for complex life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_potentially_habitable_exoplanets" title="List of potentially habitable exoplanets">List of potentially habitable exoplanets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tholin" title="Tholin">Tholin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superhabitable_planet" class="mw-redirect" title="Superhabitable planet">Superhabitable planet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right;">Catalogues</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catalog_of_Nearby_Habitable_Systems" title="Catalog of Nearby Habitable Systems">Nearby Habitable Systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exoplanet_Data_Explorer" title="Exoplanet Data Explorer">Exoplanet Data Explorer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extrasolar_Planets_Encyclopaedia" title="Extrasolar Planets Encyclopaedia">Extrasolar Planets Encyclopaedia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_Exoplanet_Archive" title="NASA Exoplanet Archive">NASA Exoplanet Archive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_Star_and_Exoplanet_Database" title="NASA Star and Exoplanet Database">NASA Star and Exoplanet Database</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Exoplanet_Catalogue" title="Open Exoplanet Catalogue">Open Exoplanet Catalogue</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_planets" title="Lists of planets">Lists</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Exoplanetary systems <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_exoplanetary_host_stars" class="mw-redirect" title="List of exoplanetary host stars">Host stars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_multiplanetary_systems" title="List of multiplanetary systems">Multiplanetary systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_stars_with_proplyds" title="List of stars with proplyds">Stars with proto-planetary discs</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_exoplanets" class="mw-redirect" title="Lists of exoplanets">Exoplanets</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Discoveries_of_exoplanets" title="Discoveries of exoplanets">Discoveries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_exoplanet_extremes" title="List of exoplanet extremes">Extremes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_exoplanet_firsts" title="List of exoplanet firsts">Firsts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_nearest_exoplanets" title="List of nearest exoplanets">Nearest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_exoplanets" title="List of largest exoplanets">Largest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_most_massive_exoplanets" class="mw-redirect" title="List of most massive exoplanets">Heaviest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_nearest_terrestrial_exoplanet_candidates" title="List of nearest terrestrial exoplanet candidates">Terrestrial candidates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_exoplanets_discovered_by_the_Kepler_space_telescope" title="List of exoplanets discovered by the Kepler space telescope">Kepler</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_exoplanets_discovered_by_the_Kepler_space_telescope:_1%E2%80%93500" title="List of exoplanets discovered by the Kepler space telescope: 1–500">1–500</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_exoplanets_discovered_by_the_Kepler_space_telescope:_501%E2%80%931000" title="List of exoplanets discovered by the Kepler space telescope: 501–1000">501–1000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_exoplanets_discovered_by_the_Kepler_space_telescope:_1001%E2%80%931500" title="List of exoplanets discovered by the Kepler space telescope: 1001–1500">1001–1500</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_exoplanets_discovered_by_the_Kepler_space_telescope:_1501%E2%80%932000" title="List of exoplanets discovered by the Kepler space telescope: 1501–2000">1501–2000</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_exoplanets_observed_during_Kepler%27s_K2_mission" title="List of exoplanets observed during Kepler's K2 mission">K2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_potentially_habitable_exoplanets" title="List of potentially habitable exoplanets">Potentially habitable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_proper_names_of_exoplanets" title="List of proper names of exoplanets">Proper names</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>Discovered exoplanets by year <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_exoplanets_discovered_before_2000" title="List of exoplanets discovered before 2000">before 2000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_exoplanets_discovered_between_2000%E2%80%932009" title="List of exoplanets discovered between 2000–2009">2000–2009</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_exoplanets_discovered_in_2010" title="List of exoplanets discovered in 2010">2010</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_exoplanets_discovered_in_2011" title="List of exoplanets discovered in 2011">2011</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_exoplanets_discovered_in_2012" title="List of exoplanets discovered in 2012">2012</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_exoplanets_discovered_in_2013" title="List of exoplanets discovered in 2013">2013</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_exoplanets_discovered_in_2014" title="List of exoplanets discovered in 2014">2014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_exoplanets_discovered_in_2015" title="List of exoplanets discovered in 2015">2015</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_exoplanets_discovered_in_2016" title="List of exoplanets discovered in 2016">2016</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_exoplanets_discovered_in_2017" title="List of exoplanets discovered in 2017">2017</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_exoplanets_discovered_in_2018" title="List of exoplanets discovered in 2018">2018</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_exoplanets_discovered_in_2019" title="List of exoplanets discovered in 2019">2019</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_exoplanets_discovered_in_2020" title="List of exoplanets discovered in 2020">2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_exoplanets_discovered_in_2021" title="List of exoplanets discovered in 2021">2021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_exoplanets_discovered_in_2022" title="List of exoplanets discovered in 2022">2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_exoplanets_discovered_in_2023" title="List of exoplanets discovered in 2023">2023</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_exoplanets_discovered_in_2024" title="List of exoplanets discovered in 2024">2024</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_exoplanets_discovered_in_2025" title="List of exoplanets discovered in 2025">2025</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right;">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Sagan_Institute" title="Carl Sagan Institute">Carl Sagan Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exoplanet_naming_convention" title="Exoplanet naming convention">Exoplanet naming convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phase_curve_(astronomy)#Exoplanets" title="Phase curve (astronomy)">Exoplanet phase curves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exoplanetary_Circumstellar_Environments_and_Disk_Explorer" title="Exoplanetary Circumstellar Environments and Disk Explorer">Exoplanetary Circumstellar Environments and Disk Explorer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extragalactic_planet" title="Extragalactic planet">Extragalactic planet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extrasolar_planets_in_fiction" title="Extrasolar planets in fiction">Extrasolar planets in fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geodynamics_of_terrestrial_exoplanets" title="Geodynamics of terrestrial exoplanets">Geodynamics of terrestrial exoplanets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neptunian_desert" title="Neptunian desert">Neptunian desert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nexus_for_Exoplanet_System_Science" title="Nexus for Exoplanet System Science">Nexus for Exoplanet System Science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Globular_cluster#Planets" title="Globular cluster">Planets in globular clusters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Small_planet_radius_gap" title="Small planet radius gap">Small planet radius gap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudarsky%27s_gas_giant_classification" title="Sudarsky's gas giant classification">Sudarsky's gas giant classification</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Discoveries_of_exoplanets" title="Discoveries of exoplanets">Discoveries of exoplanets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_exoplanet_search_projects" title="List of exoplanet search projects">Search projects</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Astrobiology384" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Astrobiology" title="Template:Astrobiology"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Astrobiology" title="Template talk:Astrobiology"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Astrobiology" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Astrobiology"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Astrobiology384" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Astrobiology" title="Astrobiology">Astrobiology</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">Disciplines</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Astrochemistry" title="Astrochemistry">Astrochemistry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astrophysics" title="Astrophysics">Astrophysics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atmospheric_sciences" class="mw-redirect" title="Atmospheric sciences">Atmospheric sciences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biochemistry" title="Biochemistry">Biochemistry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evolutionary_biology" title="Evolutionary biology">Evolutionary biology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exoplanetology" class="mw-redirect" title="Exoplanetology">Exoplanetology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geomicrobiology" title="Geomicrobiology">Geomicrobiology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microbiology" title="Microbiology">Microbiology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paleontology" title="Paleontology">Paleontology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planetary_oceanography" title="Planetary oceanography">Planetary oceanography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planetary_science" title="Planetary science">Planetary science</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">Main topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abiogenesis" title="Abiogenesis">Abiogenesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allan_Hills_84001" title="Allan Hills 84001">Allan Hills 84001</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biomolecule" title="Biomolecule">Biomolecule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biosignature" title="Biosignature">Biosignature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drake_equation" title="Drake equation">Drake equation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earliest_known_life_forms" title="Earliest known life forms">Earliest known life forms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earth_analog" title="Earth analog">Earth analog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extraterrestrial_life" title="Extraterrestrial life">Extraterrestrial life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extraterrestrial_sample_curation" title="Extraterrestrial sample curation">Extraterrestrial sample curation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extremophile" title="Extremophile">Extremophiles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypothetical_types_of_biochemistry" title="Hypothetical types of biochemistry">Hypothetical types of biochemistry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_microorganisms_tested_in_outer_space" title="List of microorganisms tested in outer space">List of microorganisms tested in outer space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ocean_planet" class="mw-redirect" title="Ocean planet">Ocean planet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panspermia" title="Panspermia">Panspermia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planetary_protection" title="Planetary protection">Planetary protection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Search_for_extraterrestrial_intelligence" title="Search for extraterrestrial intelligence">Search for extraterrestrial intelligence (SETI)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yamato_000593" title="Yamato 000593">Yamato meteorite</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Planetary_habitability" title="Planetary habitability">Planetary<br />habitability</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Circumstellar_habitable_zone" class="mw-redirect" title="Circumstellar habitable zone">Circumstellar habitable zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earth_analog" title="Earth analog">Earth analog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extraterrestrial_liquid_water" title="Extraterrestrial liquid water">Extraterrestrial liquid water</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galactic_habitable_zone" title="Galactic habitable zone">Galactic habitable zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habitability_of_binary_star_systems" title="Habitability of binary star systems">Habitability of binary star systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habitability_of_natural_satellites" title="Habitability of natural satellites">Habitability of natural satellites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habitability_of_neutron_star_systems" title="Habitability of neutron star systems">Habitability of neutron star systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habitability_of_red_dwarf_systems" title="Habitability of red dwarf systems">Habitability of red dwarf systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habitability_of_K-type_main-sequence_star_systems" title="Habitability of K-type main-sequence star systems">Habitability of K-type main-sequence star systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habitability_of_yellow_dwarf_systems" title="Habitability of yellow dwarf systems">Habitability of yellow dwarf systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habitability_of_F-type_main-sequence_star_systems" title="Habitability of F-type main-sequence star systems">Habitability of F-type main-sequence star systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habitable_zone_for_complex_life" title="Habitable zone for complex life">Habitable zone for complex life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_potentially_habitable_exoplanets" title="List of potentially habitable exoplanets">List of potentially habitable exoplanets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tholin" title="Tholin">Tholin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superhabitable_planet" class="mw-redirect" title="Superhabitable planet">Superhabitable planet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">Space<br /> missions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Earth orbit</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Space_Flyer_Unit#Experimentation_data" title="Space Flyer Unit">BIO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_17#Biological_cosmic_ray_experiment" title="Apollo 17">BIOCORE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biolab" title="Biolab">Biolab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bion_(satellite)" title="Bion (satellite)">Bion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BIOPAN" title="BIOPAN">BIOPAN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biosatellite_program" title="Biosatellite program">Biosatellite program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exposing_Microorganisms_in_the_Stratosphere" title="Exposing Microorganisms in the Stratosphere">E-MIST</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exobiology_Radiation_Assembly" title="Exobiology Radiation Assembly">ERA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EuCROPIS" title="EuCROPIS">Eu:CROPIS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_Duration_Exposure_Facility#EXOSTACK" title="Long Duration Exposure Facility">EXOSTACK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EXPOSE" title="EXPOSE">EXPOSE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_4#Lunar_lander" title="Chang'e 4">Lunar Micro Ecosystem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/O/OREOS" title="O/OREOS">O/OREOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OREOcube" title="OREOcube">OREOcube</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanpopo_(mission)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tanpopo (mission)">Tanpopo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegetable_Production_System" title="Vegetable Production System">VEGGIE</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Mars</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beagle_2" title="Beagle 2">Beagle 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fobos-Grunt" title="Fobos-Grunt">Fobos-Grunt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_Science_Laboratory" title="Mars Science Laboratory">Mars Science Laboratory</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Curiosity_(rover)" title="Curiosity (rover)"><i>Curiosity</i> rover</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_2020" title="Mars 2020">Mars 2020</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Perseverance_(rover)" title="Perseverance (rover)"><i>Perseverance</i> rover</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Phoenix_(spacecraft)" title="Phoenix (spacecraft)">Phoenix</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tianwen-1" title="Tianwen-1">Tianwen-1</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zhurong_(rover)" title="Zhurong (rover)"><i>Zhurong</i> rover</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trace_Gas_Orbiter" title="Trace Gas Orbiter">Trace Gas Orbiter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viking_lander_biological_experiments" title="Viking lander biological experiments">Viking</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Comets and<br />asteroids</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Hayabusa2" title="Hayabusa2">Hayabusa2</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OSIRIS-REx" title="OSIRIS-REx">OSIRIS-REx</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rosetta_(spacecraft)" title="Rosetta (spacecraft)">Rosetta</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Heliocentric</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BioSentinel" title="BioSentinel">BioSentinel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Planned</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Dragonfly_(Titan_space_probe)" title="Dragonfly (Titan space probe)">Dragonfly</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Europa_Clipper" title="Europa Clipper">Europa Clipper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ExoMars" title="ExoMars">ExoMars</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rosalind_Franklin_(rover)" title="Rosalind Franklin (rover)"><i>Rosalind Franklin</i> rover</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Proposed</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Breakthrough_Enceladus_mission" title="Breakthrough Enceladus mission">Breakthrough Enceladus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BRUIE" title="BRUIE">BRUIE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CAESAR_(spacecraft)" title="CAESAR (spacecraft)">CAESAR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enceladus_Explorer" title="Enceladus Explorer">Enceladus Explorer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enceladus_Life_Finder" title="Enceladus Life Finder">Enceladus Life Finder‎</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enceladus_Life_Signatures_and_Habitability" title="Enceladus Life Signatures and Habitability">Enceladus Life Signatures and Habitability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enceladus_Orbilander" title="Enceladus Orbilander">Enceladus Orbilander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Europa_Lander_(NASA)" class="mw-redirect" title="Europa Lander (NASA)">Europa Lander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ExoLance" title="ExoLance">ExoLance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Explorer_of_Enceladus_and_Titan" title="Explorer of Enceladus and Titan">Explorer of Enceladus and Titan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icebreaker_Life" title="Icebreaker Life">Icebreaker Life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Journey_to_Enceladus_and_Titan" title="Journey to Enceladus and Titan">Journey to Enceladus and Titan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laplace-P" title="Laplace-P">Laplace-P</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Life_Investigation_For_Enceladus" title="Life Investigation For Enceladus">Life Investigation For Enceladus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_sample_return_mission" class="mw-redirect" title="Mars sample return mission">Mars sample return mission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oceanus_(Titan_orbiter)" title="Oceanus (Titan orbiter)">Oceanus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/THEO" title="THEO">THEO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trident_(spacecraft)" title="Trident (spacecraft)">Trident</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Cancelled and <br />undeveloped</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Astrobiology_Field_Laboratory" title="Astrobiology Field Laboratory">Astrobiology Field Laboratory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beagle_3" title="Beagle 3">Beagle 3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biological_Oxidant_and_Life_Detection" title="Biological Oxidant and Life Detection">Biological Oxidant and Life Detection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazachok" title="Kazachok">Kazachok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Living_Interplanetary_Flight_Experiment" title="Living Interplanetary Flight Experiment">Living Interplanetary Flight Experiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_Astrobiology_Explorer-Cacher" title="Mars Astrobiology Explorer-Cacher">Mars Astrobiology Explorer-Cacher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MELOS" title="MELOS">MELOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Light_(spacecraft)" title="Northern Light (spacecraft)">Northern Light</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SpaceX_Red_Dragon" title="SpaceX Red Dragon">Red Dragon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrestrial_Planet_Finder" title="Terrestrial Planet Finder">Terrestrial Planet Finder</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">Institutions<br />and programs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Astrobiology_Society_of_Britain" title="Astrobiology Society of Britain">Astrobiology Society of Britain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astrobiology_Science_and_Technology_for_Exploring_Planets" title="Astrobiology Science and Technology for Exploring Planets">Astrobiology Science and Technology for Exploring Planets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breakthrough_Initiatives" title="Breakthrough Initiatives">Breakthrough Initiatives</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Breakthrough_Listen" title="Breakthrough Listen">Breakthrough Listen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breakthrough_Message" class="mw-redirect" title="Breakthrough Message">Breakthrough Message</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breakthrough_Starshot" title="Breakthrough Starshot">Breakthrough Starshot</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Sagan_Institute" title="Carl Sagan Institute">Carl Sagan Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Center_for_Life_Detection_Science" class="mw-redirect" title="Center for Life Detection Science">Center for Life Detection Science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Astrobiology_Network_Association" title="European Astrobiology Network Association">European Astrobiology Network Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MERMOZ" title="MERMOZ">MERMOZ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_Astrobiology_Institute" title="NASA Astrobiology Institute">NASA Astrobiology Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nexus_for_Exoplanet_System_Science" title="Nexus for Exoplanet System Science">Nexus for Exoplanet System Science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ocean_Worlds_Exploration_Program" title="Ocean Worlds Exploration Program">Ocean Worlds Exploration Program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Astrobiology_Center" title="Spanish Astrobiology Center">Spanish Astrobiology Center‎</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Astrobiology" title="Category:Astrobiology">Category</a></b></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Astrobiology" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Astrobiology">Commons</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Extraterrestrial_life414" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Extraterrestrial_life" title="Template:Extraterrestrial life"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Extraterrestrial_life" title="Template talk:Extraterrestrial life"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Extraterrestrial_life" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Extraterrestrial life"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Extraterrestrial_life414" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Extraterrestrial_life" title="Extraterrestrial life">Extraterrestrial life</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">Events and objects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shergotty_meteorite" title="Shergotty meteorite">Shergotty meteorite</a> (1865)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nakhla_meteorite" title="Nakhla meteorite">Nakhla meteorite</a> (1911)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murchison_meteorite" title="Murchison meteorite">Murchison meteorite</a> (1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viking_lander_biological_experiments" title="Viking lander biological experiments">Viking lander biological experiments</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allan_Hills_77005" title="Allan Hills 77005">Allan Hills 77005</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allan_Hills_84001" title="Allan Hills 84001">Allan Hills 84001</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yamato_000593" title="Yamato 000593">Yamato 000593</a> (2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/CI1_fossils" title="CI1 fossils">CI1 fossils</a> (2011)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">Signals of interest</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Misidentified</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/PSR_B1919%2B21" title="PSR B1919+21">CP 1919</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(misidentified pulsar)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CTA-102" title="CTA-102">CTA-102</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(misidentified quasar)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Stars</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tabby%27s_Star" title="Tabby's Star">KIC 8462852</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(unusual light fluctuations)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EPIC_204278916" title="EPIC 204278916">EPIC 204278916</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(unusual light fluctuations)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VVV-WIT-07" title="VVV-WIT-07">VVV-WIT-07</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(unusual light fluctuations)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HD_164595" title="HD 164595">HD 164595 signal</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(unknown origin)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SHGb02%2B14a" title="SHGb02+14a">SHGb02+14a</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(radio source)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wow!_signal" title="Wow! signal">Wow! signal</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(inconclusive)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fast_radio_burst" title="Fast radio burst">Fast radio burst</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(unknown origin)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BLC1" title="BLC1">BLC1</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(radio signal)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">Life in the Universe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Earliest_known_life_forms" title="Earliest known life forms">Earliest known life forms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planetary_habitability_in_the_Solar_System" title="Planetary habitability in the Solar System">Planetary habitability in the Solar System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Life_on_Venus" title="Life on Venus">Life on Venus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Life_on_Mars" title="Life on Mars">Life on Mars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Life_on_Titan" title="Life on Titan">Life on Titan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Planetary_habitability" title="Planetary habitability">Planetary<br />habitability</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catalog_of_Nearby_Habitable_Systems" title="Catalog of Nearby Habitable Systems">Catalog of Nearby Habitable Systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circumstellar_habitable_zone" class="mw-redirect" title="Circumstellar habitable zone">Circumstellar habitable zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earth_analog" title="Earth analog">Earth analog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extraterrestrial_liquid_water" title="Extraterrestrial liquid water">Extraterrestrial liquid water</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galactic_habitable_zone" title="Galactic habitable zone">Galactic habitable zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habitability_of_binary_star_systems" title="Habitability of binary star systems">Habitability of binary star systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habitability_of_natural_satellites" title="Habitability of natural satellites">Habitability of natural satellites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habitability_of_neutron_star_systems" title="Habitability of neutron star systems">Habitability of neutron star systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habitability_of_red_dwarf_systems" title="Habitability of red dwarf systems">Habitability of red dwarf systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habitability_of_K-type_main-sequence_star_systems" title="Habitability of K-type main-sequence star systems">Habitability of K-type main-sequence star systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habitability_of_yellow_dwarf_systems" title="Habitability of yellow dwarf systems">Habitability of yellow dwarf systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habitability_of_F-type_main-sequence_star_systems" title="Habitability of F-type main-sequence star systems">Habitability of F-type main-sequence star systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_potentially_habitable_exoplanets" title="List of potentially habitable exoplanets">List of potentially habitable exoplanets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planetary_habitability" title="Planetary habitability">Planetary habitability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superhabitable_planet" class="mw-redirect" title="Superhabitable planet">Superhabitable planet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tholin" title="Tholin">Tholin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Astrobiology#Missions" title="Astrobiology">Space missions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beagle_2" title="Beagle 2">Beagle 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biological_Oxidant_and_Life_Detection" title="Biological Oxidant and Life Detection">Biological Oxidant and Life Detection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BioSentinel" title="BioSentinel">BioSentinel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curiosity_(rover)" title="Curiosity (rover)"><i>Curiosity</i> rover</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Darwin_(spacecraft)" title="Darwin (spacecraft)">Darwin</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dragonfly_(Titan_space_probe)" title="Dragonfly (Titan space probe)">Dragonfly</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enceladus_Explorer" title="Enceladus Explorer">Enceladus Explorer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enceladus_Life_Finder" title="Enceladus Life Finder">Enceladus Life Finder</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Europa_Clipper" title="Europa Clipper">Europa Clipper</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ExoMars" title="ExoMars">ExoMars</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rosalind_Franklin_(rover)" title="Rosalind Franklin (rover)"><i>Rosalind Franklin</i> rover</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ExoLance" title="ExoLance">ExoLance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EXPOSE" title="EXPOSE">EXPOSE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foton-M" class="mw-redirect" title="Foton-M">Foton-M3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icebreaker_Life" title="Icebreaker Life">Icebreaker Life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Journey_to_Enceladus_and_Titan" title="Journey to Enceladus and Titan">Journey to Enceladus and Titan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laplace-P" title="Laplace-P">Laplace-P</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Life_Investigation_For_Enceladus" title="Life Investigation For Enceladus">Life Investigation For Enceladus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Living_Interplanetary_Flight_Experiment" title="Living Interplanetary Flight Experiment">Living Interplanetary Flight Experiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_Geyser_Hopper" title="Mars Geyser Hopper">Mars Geyser Hopper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_sample-return_mission" title="Mars sample-return mission">Mars sample-return mission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_2020" title="Mars 2020">Mars 2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Light_(spacecraft)" title="Northern Light (spacecraft)">Northern Light</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opportunity_(rover)" title="Opportunity (rover)"><i>Opportunity</i> rover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perseverance_(rover)" title="Perseverance (rover)"><i>Perseverance</i> rover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SpaceX_Red_Dragon" title="SpaceX Red Dragon">SpaceX Red Dragon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spirit_(rover)" title="Spirit (rover)"><i>Spirit</i> rover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanpopo_mission" title="Tanpopo mission">Tanpopo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titan_Mare_Explorer" title="Titan Mare Explorer">Titan Mare Explorer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venus_In_Situ_Explorer" title="Venus In Situ Explorer">Venus In Situ Explorer</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Viking_1" title="Viking 1">Viking 1</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Viking_2" title="Viking 2">Viking 2</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Interstellar_communication" title="Interstellar communication">Interstellar<br />communication</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Active_SETI" title="Active SETI">Active SETI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allen_Telescope_Array" title="Allen Telescope Array">Allen Telescope Array</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arecibo_message" title="Arecibo message">Arecibo message</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arecibo_Observatory" title="Arecibo Observatory">Arecibo Observatory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berkeley_SETI_Research_Center" title="Berkeley SETI Research Center">Berkeley SETI Research Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bracewell_probe" title="Bracewell probe">Bracewell probe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breakthrough_Initiatives" title="Breakthrough Initiatives">Breakthrough Initiatives</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Breakthrough_Listen" title="Breakthrough Listen">Breakthrough Listen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breakthrough_Message" class="mw-redirect" title="Breakthrough Message">Breakthrough Message</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communication_with_extraterrestrial_intelligence" title="Communication with extraterrestrial intelligence">Communication with extraterrestrial intelligence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gauss%27s_Pythagorean_right_triangle_proposal" title="Gauss's Pythagorean right triangle proposal">Gauss's Pythagorean right triangle proposal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astrolinguistics" title="Astrolinguistics">Astrolinguistics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincos_language" title="Lincos language">Lincos language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NIROSETI" title="NIROSETI">NIROSETI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pioneer_plaque" title="Pioneer plaque">Pioneer plaque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_Cyclops" title="Project Cyclops">Project Cyclops</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_Ozma" title="Project Ozma">Project Ozma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_Phoenix_(SETI)" title="Project Phoenix (SETI)">Project Phoenix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SERENDIP" title="SERENDIP">SERENDIP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Search_for_extraterrestrial_intelligence" title="Search for extraterrestrial intelligence">Search for extraterrestrial intelligence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SETI@home" title="SETI@home">SETI@home</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SetiQuest" title="SetiQuest">setiQuest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voyager_Golden_Record" title="Voyager Golden Record">Voyager Golden Record</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_hole_(radio)" title="Water hole (radio)">Water hole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alien_language" title="Alien language">Xenolinguistics</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_alleged_extraterrestrial_beings" title="List of alleged extraterrestrial beings">Types of alleged<br /> extraterrestrial beings</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Energy_being" title="Energy being">Energy beings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grey_alien" title="Grey alien">Grey aliens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insectoids_in_science_fiction" class="mw-redirect" title="Insectoids in science fiction">Insectoids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_green_men" title="Little green men">Little green men</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nordic_aliens" title="Nordic aliens">Nordic aliens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reptilian_humanoid" title="Reptilian humanoid">Reptilian humanoids</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">Hypotheses</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cosmic_pluralism" title="Cosmic pluralism">Cosmic pluralism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Directed_panspermia" title="Directed panspermia">Directed panspermia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drake_equation" title="Drake equation">Drake equation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extraterrestrial_hypothesis" class="mw-redirect" title="Extraterrestrial hypothesis">Extraterrestrial hypothesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fermi_paradox" title="Fermi paradox">Fermi paradox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypothetical_types_of_biochemistry" title="Hypothetical types of biochemistry">Hypothetical types of biochemistry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interplanetary_contamination" title="Interplanetary contamination">Interplanetary contamination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kardashev_scale" title="Kardashev scale">Kardashev scale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mediocrity_principle" title="Mediocrity principle">Mediocrity principle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-planetary_abiogenesis" title="Non-planetary abiogenesis">Non-planetary abiogenesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panspermia" title="Panspermia">Panspermia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fermi_paradox" title="Fermi paradox">Fermi paradox</a> solutions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aestivation_hypothesis" title="Aestivation hypothesis">Aestivation hypothesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berserker_hypothesis" title="Berserker hypothesis">Berserker hypothesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dark_forest_hypothesis" title="Dark forest hypothesis">Dark forest hypothesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firstborn_hypothesis" title="Firstborn hypothesis">Firstborn hypothesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Filter" title="Great Filter">Great Filter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hart%E2%80%93Tipler_conjecture" title="Hart–Tipler conjecture">Hart–Tipler conjecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neocatastrophism" title="Neocatastrophism">Neocatastrophism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planetarium_hypothesis" title="Planetarium hypothesis">Planetarium hypothesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rare_Earth_hypothesis" title="Rare Earth hypothesis">Rare Earth hypothesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoo_hypothesis" title="Zoo hypothesis">Zoo hypothesis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_extraterrestrial_life" title="Outline of extraterrestrial life">Related topics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_astronauts" title="Ancient astronauts">Ancient astronauts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astrobiology" title="Astrobiology">Astrobiology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astroecology" title="Astroecology">Astroecology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biosignature" title="Biosignature">Biosignature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brookings_Report" title="Brookings Report">Brookings Report</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exotheology" title="Exotheology">Exotheology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extraterrestrials_in_fiction" title="Extraterrestrials in fiction">Extraterrestrials in fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extremophile" title="Extremophile">Extremophile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hemolithin" title="Hemolithin">Hemolithin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_extraterrestrial_life_debate" title="History of the extraterrestrial life debate">History of the extraterrestrial life debate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MERMOZ" title="MERMOZ">MERMOZ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nexus_for_Exoplanet_System_Science" title="Nexus for Exoplanet System Science">Nexus for Exoplanet System Science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noosphere" title="Noosphere">Noogenesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planetary_protection" title="Planetary protection">Planetary protection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potential_cultural_impact_of_extraterrestrial_contact" title="Potential cultural impact of extraterrestrial contact">Potential cultural impact of extraterrestrial contact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-detection_policy" title="Post-detection policy">Post-detection policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Marino_Scale" class="mw-redirect" title="San Marino Scale">San Marino Scale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technosignature" title="Technosignature">Technosignature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UFO_religion" title="UFO religion">UFO religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xenoarchaeology" title="Xenoarchaeology">Xenoarchaeology</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="2014_in_space1001" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:2014_in_space" title="Template:2014 in space"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:2014_in_space" title="Template talk:2014 in space"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:2014_in_space" title="Special:EditPage/Template:2014 in space"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="2014_in_space1001" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">2014 in space</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><div style="float: left;"> « <span style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="/wiki/Template:2013_in_space" title="Template:2013 in space">2013</a></span> </div> <div style="float: right;"><span style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="/wiki/Template:2015_in_space" title="Template:2015 in space">2015</a></span> » </div></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/2014_in_spaceflight" title="2014 in spaceflight">Space probe launches</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Category:Space_probes_launched_in_2014" title="Category:Space probes launched in 2014"><img alt="Space probes launched in 2014" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/15px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/30px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_5-T1" title="Chang'e 5-T1">Chang'e 5-T1</a> (mission to the <a href="/wiki/Moon" title="Moon">Moon</a>; Oct 2014)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hayabusa2" title="Hayabusa2">Hayabusa2</a></i> / <a href="/wiki/PROCYON" title="PROCYON">PROCYON</a> (asteroid sample-return mission; Dec 2014)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="8" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px;padding-left: 0.5em;"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kepler186f-ArtistConcept-20140417.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Kepler186f-ArtistConcept-20140417.jpg/150px-Kepler186f-ArtistConcept-20140417.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="84" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Kepler186f-ArtistConcept-20140417.jpg/225px-Kepler186f-ArtistConcept-20140417.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Kepler186f-ArtistConcept-20140417.jpg/300px-Kepler186f-ArtistConcept-20140417.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4534" data-file-height="2550" /></a></span><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Comet_67P_on_19_September_2014_NavCam_mosaic.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Comet_67P_on_19_September_2014_NavCam_mosaic.jpg/250px-Comet_67P_on_19_September_2014_NavCam_mosaic.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="119" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Comet_67P_on_19_September_2014_NavCam_mosaic.jpg/330px-Comet_67P_on_19_September_2014_NavCam_mosaic.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4400" data-file-height="3500" /></a></span><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Artist%E2%80%99s_impression_of_the_rings_around_Chariklo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Artist%E2%80%99s_impression_of_the_rings_around_Chariklo.jpg/150px-Artist%E2%80%99s_impression_of_the_rings_around_Chariklo.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="94" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Artist%E2%80%99s_impression_of_the_rings_around_Chariklo.jpg/225px-Artist%E2%80%99s_impression_of_the_rings_around_Chariklo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Artist%E2%80%99s_impression_of_the_rings_around_Chariklo.jpg/300px-Artist%E2%80%99s_impression_of_the_rings_around_Chariklo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="2501" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Impact_event" title="Impact event">Impact events</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2014_AA" title="2014 AA">2014 AA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Ontario_fireball" title="2014 Ontario fireball">2014 Ontario fireball</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Selected <a href="/wiki/Near-Earth_object" title="Near-Earth object">NEOs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_asteroid_close_approaches_to_Earth_in_2014" title="List of asteroid close approaches to Earth in 2014">Asteroid close approaches</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2000_EM26" title="2000 EM26">2000 EM<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;"><span style="font-size:80%;">26</span></span></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/(163132)_2002_CU11" title="(163132) 2002 CU11">(163132) 2002 CU<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;"><span style="font-size:80%;">11</span></span></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/(388188)_2006_DP14" title="(388188) 2006 DP14">(388188) 2006 DP<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;"><span style="font-size:80%;">14</span></span></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2007_VK184" title="2007 VK184">2007 VK<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;"><span style="font-size:80%;">184</span></span></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/(410777)_2009_FD" title="(410777) 2009 FD">(410777) 2009 FD</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2009_RR" title="2009 RR">2009 RR</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/(529366)_2009_WM1" title="(529366) 2009 WM1">(529366) 2009 WM<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;"><span style="font-size:80%;">1</span></span></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2014_AF5" title="2014 AF5">2014 AF<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;"><span style="font-size:80%;">5</span></span></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2014_DX110" title="2014 DX110">2014 DX<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;"><span style="font-size:80%;">110</span></span></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2014_EC" title="2014 EC">2014 EC</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2014_HQ124" title="2014 HQ124">2014 HQ<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;"><span style="font-size:80%;">124</span></span></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2014_LY21" title="2014 LY21">2014 LY<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;"><span style="font-size:80%;">21</span></span></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2014_OO6" title="2014 OO6">2014 OO<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;"><span style="font-size:80%;">6</span></span></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2014_OL339" title="2014 OL339">2014 OL<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;"><span style="font-size:80%;">339</span></span></a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_RC" title="2014 RC">2014 RC</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2014_SC324" title="2014 SC324">2014 SC<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;"><span style="font-size:80%;">324</span></span></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2014_XL7" title="2014 XL7">2014 XL<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;"><span style="font-size:80%;">7</span></span></a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Exoplanet" title="Exoplanet">Exoplanets</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/51_Eridani_b" title="51 Eridani b">51 Eridani b</a></li> <li>rotation of <a href="/wiki/Beta_Pictoris_b" title="Beta Pictoris b">Beta Pictoris b</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gliese_15_Ab" title="Gliese 15 Ab">Gliese 15 Ab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gliese_180_c" class="mw-redirect" title="Gliese 180 c">Gliese 180 c</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gliese_682_c" class="mw-redirect" title="Gliese 682 c">Gliese 682 c</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gliese_832_c" class="mw-redirect" title="Gliese 832 c">Gliese 832 c</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GU_Piscium_b" title="GU Piscium b">GU Piscium b</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HIP_116454_b" title="HIP 116454 b">HIP 116454 b</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kapteyn_b" class="mw-redirect" title="Kapteyn b">Kapteyn b</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kepler-93b" title="Kepler-93b">Kepler-93b</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kepler-186f</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kepler-296" title="Kepler-296">Kepler-296</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kepler-296e" title="Kepler-296e">e</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kepler-296f" title="Kepler-296f">f</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kepler-298d" title="Kepler-298d">Kepler-298d</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kepler-419" title="Kepler-419">Kepler-419</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kepler-419b" title="Kepler-419b">b</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kepler-419c" title="Kepler-419c">c</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kepler-421b" title="Kepler-421b">Kepler-421b</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WASP-104b" title="WASP-104b">WASP-104b</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Discoveries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SMSS_J031300.36%E2%88%92670839.3" title="SMSS J031300.36−670839.3">SMSS J0313−6708</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rings_of_Chariklo" title="Rings of Chariklo">Rings of Chariklo</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2012_VP113" title="2012 VP113">2012 VP<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;"><span style="font-size:80%;">113</span></span></a></span> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(announced)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/(532037)_2013_FY27" title="(532037) 2013 FY27">(532037) 2013 FY<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;"><span style="font-size:80%;">27</span></span></a></span> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(announced)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/486958_Arrokoth" title="486958 Arrokoth">486958 Arrokoth</a></span> (<span class="nowrap">2014 MU<sub>69</sub></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ULAS_J0015%2B01" title="ULAS J0015+01">ULAS J0015+01</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laniakea_Supercluster" title="Laniakea Supercluster">Laniakea Supercluster</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nova" title="Nova">Novae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SN_2014J" title="SN 2014J">SN 2014J</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPTF14hls" title="IPTF14hls">iPTF14hls</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Comets <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Category:Comets_in_2014" title="Category:Comets in 2014"><img alt="Comets in 2014" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/15px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/30px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/C/2013_R1_(Lovejoy)" title="C/2013 R1 (Lovejoy)">C/2013 R1 (Lovejoy)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2014_E2_(Jacques)" title="C/2014 E2 (Jacques)">C/2014 E2 (Jacques)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2013_UQ4_(Catalina)" title="C/2013 UQ4 (Catalina)"><span class="nowrap">C/2013 UQ<sub>4</sub></span> (Catalina)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2012_K1_(PANSTARRS)" class="mw-redirect" title="C/2012 K1 (PANSTARRS)">C/2012 K1 (PANSTARRS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2013_V5_(Oukaimeden)" title="C/2013 V5 (Oukaimeden)">C/2013 V5 (Oukaimeden)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2013_A1_(Siding_Spring)" title="C/2013 A1 (Siding Spring)">C/2013 A1 (Siding Spring)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2014_Q1_(PanSTARRS)" title="C/2014 Q1 (PanSTARRS)">C/2014 Q1 (PanSTARRS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2014_Q3_(Borisov)" title="C/2014 Q3 (Borisov)">C/2014 Q3 (Borisov)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/2014_Q2_(Lovejoy)" title="C/2014 Q2 (Lovejoy)">C/2014 Q2 (Lovejoy)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/15P/Finlay" title="15P/Finlay">15P/Finlay</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Space exploration</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kepler_space_telescope" title="Kepler space telescope">Kepler</a> K2 mission extension (May)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rosetta_(spacecraft)" title="Rosetta (spacecraft)">Rosetta</a></i>/<i><a href="/wiki/Philae_(spacecraft)" title="Philae (spacecraft)">Philae</a></i> (orbits/landing <a href="/wiki/67P/Churyumov%E2%80%93Gerasimenko" title="67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko">67P</a>; Aug/Nov)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/MAVEN" title="MAVEN">MAVEN</a> (<a href="/wiki/Areocentric_orbit" title="Areocentric orbit">Mars orbit</a> insertion; Sep)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_Orbiter_Mission" title="Mars Orbiter Mission">Mars Orbiter Mission</a> (Mars orbit insertion; Sep)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dawn_(spacecraft)" title="Dawn (spacecraft)">Dawn</a></i> (approaches <a href="/wiki/1_Ceres" class="mw-redirect" title="1 Ceres">Ceres</a>; Sep 2014 / Mar 2015)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Venus_Express" title="Venus Express">Venus Express</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Venus" title="Venus">Venus</a> mission ends; Dec)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Earth-moon.jpg/21px-Earth-moon.jpg" decoding="async" width="21" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Earth-moon.jpg/32px-Earth-moon.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Earth-moon.jpg/42px-Earth-moon.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Outer_space" title="Portal:Outer space">Outer space portal</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:2013_in_outer_space" title="Category:2013 in outer space">Category:2013 in outer space</a> — <b><a href="/wiki/Category:2014_in_outer_space" title="Category:2014 in outer space">Category:2014 in outer space</a></b> — <a href="/wiki/Category:2015_in_outer_space" title="Category:2015 in outer space">Category:2015 in outer space</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portals</a>:</span><ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Crab_Nebula.jpg/20px-Crab_Nebula.jpg" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Crab_Nebula.jpg/40px-Crab_Nebula.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="3864" data-file-height="3864" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Astronomy" title="Portal:Astronomy">Astronomy</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Issoria_lathonia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Issoria_lathonia.jpg/21px-Issoria_lathonia.jpg" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" 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