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Available in 49 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-49" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">49 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%8A-%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%83" title="قانون جاي-لوساك – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="قانون جاي-لوساك" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%9B%D1%8E%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Закон Гей-Люсака – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Закон Гей-Люсака" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%9B%D1%8E%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BA" title="Закон на Гей-Люсак – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Закон на Гей-Люсак" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gay-Lussacov_zakon" title="Gay-Lussacov zakon – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Gay-Lussacov zakon" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%9B%D1%8E%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BD%C4%95" title="Гей-Люссак саккунĕ – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Гей-Люссак саккунĕ" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gay-Lussac%C5%AFv_z%C3%A1kon" title="Gay-Lussacův zákon – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Gay-Lussacův zákon" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gay-Lussacs_lov" title="Gay-Lussacs lov – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Gay-Lussacs lov" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermische_Zustandsgleichung_idealer_Gase#Gesetz_von_Amontons" title="Thermische Zustandsgleichung idealer Gase – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Thermische Zustandsgleichung idealer Gase" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9D%CF%8C%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%82_%CE%93%CE%BA%CE%B1%CE%B9-%CE%9B%CF%85%CF%83%CE%AC%CE%BA" title="Νόμος Γκαι-Λυσάκ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Νόμος Γκαι-Λυσάκ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ley_de_Gay-Lussac" title="Ley de Gay-Lussac – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ley de Gay-Lussac" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gay-Lussacen_legea" title="Gay-Lussacen legea – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Gay-Lussacen legea" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D9%86_%DA%AF%DB%8C%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%A7%DA%A9" title="قانون گیلوساک – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="قانون گیلوساک" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loi_de_Gay-Lussac" title="Loi de Gay-Lussac – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Loi de Gay-Lussac" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dl%C3%AD_Gay-Lussac" title="Dlí Gay-Lussac – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Dlí Gay-Lussac" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lagh_Gay-Lussac" title="Lagh Gay-Lussac – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Lagh Gay-Lussac" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lei_de_Gay-Lussac" title="Lei de Gay-Lussac – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Lei de Gay-Lussac" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B8%B0%EC%B2%B4_%EB%B0%98%EC%9D%91%EC%9D%98_%EB%B2%95%EC%B9%99" title="기체 반응의 법칙 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="기체 반응의 법칙" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B3%D5%A5%D5%B5-%D4%BC%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%BD%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%AB_%D6%85%D6%80%D5%A5%D5%B6%D6%84" title="Գեյ-Լյուսակի օրենք – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Գեյ-Լյուսակի օրենք" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gay-Lussacov_zakon" title="Gay-Lussacov zakon – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Gay-Lussacov zakon" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hukum_Gay-Lussac" title="Hukum Gay-Lussac – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Hukum Gay-Lussac" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%B6gm%C3%A1l_Gay-Lussac" title="Lögmál Gay-Lussac – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Lögmál Gay-Lussac" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seconda_legge_di_Gay-Lussac" title="Seconda legge di Gay-Lussac – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Seconda legge di Gay-Lussac" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%97%D7%95%D7%A7_%D7%92%D7%94-%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%90%D7%A7" title="חוק גה-ליסאק – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="חוק גה-ליסאק" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%9B%D1%8E%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D2%A3%D1%8B" title="Гей-Люссак заңы – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Гей-Люссак заңы" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%9B%D1%8E%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D0%BC%D1%8B%D0%B9%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%8B" title="Гей-Люссак мыйзамы – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Гей-Люссак мыйзамы" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C4%93-Lisaka_likums" title="Gē-Lisaka likums – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Gē-Lisaka likums" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gay-Lussac-t%C3%B6rv%C3%A9ny" title="Gay-Lussac-törvény – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Gay-Lussac-törvény" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%98-%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Геј-Лисаков закон – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Геј-Лисаков закон" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%87-%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%82" title="ഗേ-ലുസാക് നിയമം – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഗേ-ലുസാക് നിയമം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hukum_Gay-Lussac" title="Hukum Gay-Lussac – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Hukum Gay-Lussac" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B2%E3%82%A4%EF%BC%9D%E3%83%AA%E3%83%A5%E3%82%B5%E3%83%83%E3%82%AF%E3%81%AE%E6%B3%95%E5%89%87" title="ゲイ＝リュサックの法則 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ゲイ＝リュサックの法則" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gay-Lussac-lova" title="Gay-Lussac-lova – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Gay-Lussac-lova" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gay-Lussac_qonunlari" title="Gay-Lussac qonunlari – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Gay-Lussac qonunlari" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%97%E0%A9%87-%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%82%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%95_%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%82%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%A8" title="ਗੇ-ਲੂਸਾਕ ਕਾਨੂੰਨ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਗੇ-ਲੂਸਾਕ ਕਾਨੂੰਨ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prawo_Gay-Lussaca_(gaz_doskona%C5%82y)" title="Prawo Gay-Lussaca (gaz doskonały) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Prawo Gay-Lussaca (gaz doskonały)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lei_de_Gay-Lussac" title="Lei de Gay-Lussac – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Lei de Gay-Lussac" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%9B%D1%8E%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Закон Гей-Люссака – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Закон Гей-Люссака" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%9A%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%94%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%90%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8A_%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B6%B8%E0%B6%BA" title="‍ගේලුසැක් නියමය – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="‍ගේලුසැක් නියමය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gay-Lussacov_z%C3%A1kon" title="Gay-Lussacov zákon – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Gay-Lussacov zákon" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gay-Lussacov_zakon" title="Gay-Lussacov zakon – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Gay-Lussacov zakon" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%98-%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Геј-Лисаков закон – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Геј-Лисаков закон" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gay-Lussacov_zakon" title="Gay-Lussacov zakon – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Gay-Lussacov zakon" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gay-Lussacin_laki" title="Gay-Lussacin laki – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Gay-Lussacin laki" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%87_%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF" title="கே லூசாக்கின் விதி – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கே லூசாக்கின் விதி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gay-Lussac_yasas%C4%B1" title="Gay-Lussac yasası – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Gay-Lussac yasası" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%9B%D1%8E%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Закон Гей-Люссака – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Закон Гей-Люссака" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%DB%92%DB%94%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%A7%DA%A9_%DA%A9%D8%A7_%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D9%86" title="گے۔لوساک کا قانون – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="گے۔لوساک کا قانون" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%8Bnh_lu%E1%BA%ADt_Gay-Lussac_2" title="Định luật Gay-Lussac 2 – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Định luật Gay-Lussac 2" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%9B%96-%E5%90%95%E8%90%A8%E5%85%8B%E5%AE%9A%E5%BE%8B" title="盖-吕萨克定律 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="盖-吕萨克定律" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q202151#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs 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rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks plainlist"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of a series on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/Continuum_mechanics" title="Continuum mechanics">Continuum mechanics</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle J=-D{\frac {d\varphi }{dx}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>J</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mo>−</mo> <mi>D</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi>d</mi> <mi>φ</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>d</mi> <mi>x</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle J=-D{\frac {d\varphi }{dx}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/1856f88def2056f28ed27c7d31180a6240820ea6" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.005ex; width:11.874ex; height:5.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle J=-D{\frac {d\varphi }{dx}}}"></span><div class="sidebar-caption"><a href="/wiki/Fick%27s_laws_of_diffusion" title="Fick's laws of diffusion">Fick's laws of diffusion</a></div></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content-with-subgroup"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Laws</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table class="sidebar-subgroup"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="font-style:italic;font-weight:normal;"> Conservations</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_of_mass" title="Conservation of mass">Mass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_of_momentum" class="mw-redirect" title="Conservation of momentum">Momentum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_of_energy" title="Conservation of energy">Energy</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="font-style:italic;font-weight:normal;"> Inequalities</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clausius%E2%80%93Duhem_inequality" title="Clausius–Duhem inequality">Clausius–Duhem (entropy)</a></li></ul></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Solid_mechanics" title="Solid mechanics">Solid mechanics</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deformation_(physics)" title="Deformation (physics)">Deformation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elasticity_(physics)" title="Elasticity (physics)">Elasticity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Linear_elasticity" title="Linear elasticity">linear</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plasticity_(physics)" title="Plasticity (physics)">Plasticity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hooke%27s_law" title="Hooke's law">Hooke's law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stress_(mechanics)" title="Stress (mechanics)">Stress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strain_(mechanics)" title="Strain (mechanics)">Strain</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Finite_strain_theory" title="Finite strain theory">Finite strain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infinitesimal_strain_theory" title="Infinitesimal strain theory">Infinitesimal strain</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compatibility_(mechanics)" title="Compatibility (mechanics)">Compatibility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bending" title="Bending">Bending</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contact_mechanics" title="Contact mechanics">Contact mechanics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Frictional_contact_mechanics" title="Frictional contact mechanics">frictional</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Material_failure_theory" title="Material failure theory">Material failure theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fracture_mechanics" title="Fracture mechanics">Fracture mechanics</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content-with-subgroup"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Fluid_mechanics" title="Fluid mechanics">Fluid mechanics</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table class="sidebar-subgroup"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="font-style:italic;"> <a href="/wiki/Fluid" title="Fluid">Fluids</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="wraplinks"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hydrostatics" title="Hydrostatics">Statics</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Fluid_dynamics" title="Fluid dynamics">Dynamics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archimedes%27_principle" title="Archimedes' principle">Archimedes' principle</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Bernoulli%27s_principle" title="Bernoulli's principle">Bernoulli's principle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navier%E2%80%93Stokes_equations" title="Navier–Stokes equations">Navier–Stokes equations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hagen%E2%80%93Poiseuille_equation" title="Hagen–Poiseuille equation">Poiseuille equation</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Pascal%27s_law" title="Pascal's law">Pascal's law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viscosity" title="Viscosity">Viscosity</a> <ul><li>(<a href="/wiki/Newtonian_fluid" title="Newtonian fluid">Newtonian</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Non-Newtonian_fluid" title="Non-Newtonian fluid">non-Newtonian</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buoyancy" title="Buoyancy">Buoyancy</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Mixing_(process_engineering)" title="Mixing (process engineering)">Mixing</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Pressure" title="Pressure">Pressure</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="font-style:italic;"> <a href="/wiki/Liquid" title="Liquid">Liquids</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adhesion" title="Adhesion">Adhesion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capillary_action" title="Capillary action">Capillary action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chromatography" title="Chromatography">Chromatography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cohesion_(chemistry)" title="Cohesion (chemistry)">Cohesion (chemistry)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surface_tension" title="Surface tension">Surface tension</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="font-style:italic;"> <a href="/wiki/Gas" title="Gas">Gases</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atmosphere" title="Atmosphere">Atmosphere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boyle%27s_law" title="Boyle's law">Boyle's law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles%27s_law" title="Charles's law">Charles's law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combined_gas_law" class="mw-redirect" title="Combined gas law">Combined gas law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fick%27s_law" class="mw-redirect" title="Fick's law">Fick's law</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Gay-Lussac's law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graham%27s_law" title="Graham's law">Graham's law</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="font-style:italic;"> <a href="/wiki/Plasma_(physics)" title="Plasma (physics)">Plasma</a></th></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content-with-subgroup"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Rheology" title="Rheology">Rheology</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table class="sidebar-subgroup"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Viscoelasticity" title="Viscoelasticity">Viscoelasticity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rheometry" title="Rheometry">Rheometry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rheometer" title="Rheometer">Rheometer</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="font-style:italic;"> <a href="/wiki/Smart_fluid" title="Smart fluid">Smart fluids</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Electrorheological_fluid" title="Electrorheological fluid">Electrorheological</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnetorheological_fluid" title="Magnetorheological fluid">Magnetorheological</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferrofluid" title="Ferrofluid">Ferrofluids</a></li></ul></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Scientists</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Bernoulli" title="Daniel Bernoulli">Bernoulli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Boyle" title="Robert Boyle">Boyle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustin-Louis_Cauchy" title="Augustin-Louis Cauchy">Cauchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Charles" title="Jacques Charles">Charles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonhard_Euler" title="Leonhard Euler">Euler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adolf_Eugen_Fick" title="Adolf Eugen Fick">Fick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Louis_Gay-Lussac" title="Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac">Gay-Lussac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Graham_(chemist)" title="Thomas Graham (chemist)">Graham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Hooke" title="Robert Hooke">Hooke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_Newton" title="Isaac Newton">Newton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claude-Louis_Navier" title="Claude-Louis Navier">Navier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Noll" title="Walter Noll">Noll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blaise_Pascal" title="Blaise Pascal">Pascal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sir_George_Stokes,_1st_Baronet" title="Sir George Stokes, 1st Baronet">Stokes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clifford_Truesdell" title="Clifford Truesdell">Truesdell</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Continuum_mechanics" title="Template:Continuum mechanics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Continuum_mechanics" title="Template talk:Continuum mechanics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Continuum_mechanics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Continuum mechanics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Gay-Lussac's law</b> usually refers to <a href="/wiki/Joseph-Louis_Gay-Lussac" class="mw-redirect" title="Joseph-Louis Gay-Lussac">Joseph-Louis Gay-Lussac</a>'s law of combining volumes of <a href="/wiki/Gas" title="Gas">gases</a>, discovered in 1808 and published in 1809.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, it sometimes refers to the proportionality of the <a href="/wiki/Volume" title="Volume">volume</a> of a gas to its <a href="/wiki/Thermodynamic_temperature" title="Thermodynamic temperature">absolute temperature</a> at constant <a href="/wiki/Pressure" title="Pressure">pressure</a>. The latter law was published by Gay-Lussac in 1802,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but in the article in which he described his work, he cited earlier unpublished work from the 1780s by <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Charles" title="Jacques Charles">Jacques Charles</a>. Consequently, the volume-temperature proportionality is usually known as <a href="/wiki/Charles%27s_Law" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles's Law">Charles's Law</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Law_of_combining_volumes">Law of combining volumes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gay-Lussac%27s_law&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Law of combining volumes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Law_of_combining_volumes.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Law_of_combining_volumes.svg/170px-Law_of_combining_volumes.svg.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="216" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Law_of_combining_volumes.svg/255px-Law_of_combining_volumes.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Law_of_combining_volumes.svg/340px-Law_of_combining_volumes.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="556" data-file-height="707" /></a><figcaption>Under <a href="/wiki/Standard_temperature_and_pressure" title="Standard temperature and pressure">STP</a>, a reaction between three cubic meters of hydrogen gas and one cubic meter of nitrogen gas will produce about two cubic meters of <a href="/wiki/Ammonia" title="Ammonia">ammonia</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>The law of combining volumes states that when gases chemically react together, they do so in amounts by volume which bear small whole-number ratios (the volumes calculated at the same temperature and pressure). </p><p><b>The ratio between the volumes of the reactant gases and the gaseous products can be expressed in simple <a href="/wiki/Natural_number" title="Natural number">whole numbers</a>.</b> </p><p>For example, Gay-Lussac found that two volumes of hydrogen react with one volume of oxygen to form two volumes of gaseous water. Expressed concretely, 100 mL of hydrogen combine with 50 mL of oxygen to give 100 mL of water vapor: Hydrogen(100 mL) + Oxygen(50 mL) = Water(100 mL). Thus, the volumes of hydrogen and oxygen which combine (i.e., 100mL and 50mL) bear a simple ratio of 2:1, as also is the case for the ratio of product water vapor to reactant oxygen. </p><p>Based on Gay-Lussac's results, <a href="/wiki/Amedeo_Avogadro" title="Amedeo Avogadro">Amedeo Avogadro</a> hypothesized in 1811 that, at the same temperature and pressure, equal volumes of gases (of whatever kind) contain equal numbers of molecules (<a href="/wiki/Avogadro%27s_law" title="Avogadro's law">Avogadro's law</a>). He pointed out that if this hypothesis is true, then the previously stated result </p> <dl><dd>2 volumes of hydrogen + 1 volume of oxygen = 2 volume of gaseous water</dd></dl> <p>could also be expressed as </p> <dl><dd>2 molecules of hydrogen + 1 molecule of oxygen = 2 molecule of water.</dd></dl> <p>The law of combining volumes of gases was announced publicly by <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Louis_Gay-Lussac" title="Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac">Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac</a> on the last day of 1808, and published in 1809.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since there was no direct evidence for Avogadro's molecular theory, very few chemists adopted Avogadro's hypothesis as generally valid until the Italian chemist <a href="/wiki/Stanislao_Cannizzaro" title="Stanislao Cannizzaro">Stanislao Cannizzaro</a> argued convincingly for it during the <a href="/wiki/Karlsruhe_Congress" title="Karlsruhe Congress">First International Chemical Congress</a> in 1860.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pressure-temperature_law">Pressure-temperature law</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gay-Lussac%27s_law&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Pressure-temperature law"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the 17th century <a href="/wiki/Guillaume_Amontons" title="Guillaume Amontons">Guillaume Amontons</a> discovered a regular relationship between the pressure and temperature of a gas at constant volume. Some introductory physics textbooks still define the pressure-temperature relationship as Gay-Lussac's law.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gay-Lussac primarily investigated the relationship between volume and temperature and published it in 1802, but his work did cover some comparison between pressure and temperature.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Given the relative technology available to both men, Amontons could only work with air as a gas, whereas Gay-Lussac was able to experiment with multiple types of common gases, such as oxygen, nitrogen, and hydrogen.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Volume-temperature_law">Volume-temperature law</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gay-Lussac%27s_law&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Volume-temperature law"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Regarding the volume-temperature relationship, Gay-Lussac attributed his findings to <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Charles" title="Jacques Charles">Jacques Charles</a> because he used much of Charles's unpublished data from 1787 – hence, the law became known as <a href="/wiki/Charles%27s_law" title="Charles's law">Charles's law</a> or the Law of Charles and Gay-Lussac.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Amontons's, <a href="/wiki/Charles%27s_law" title="Charles's law">Charles'</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Boyle%27s_law" title="Boyle's law">Boyle's law</a> form the <a href="/wiki/Combined_gas_law" class="mw-redirect" title="Combined gas law">combined gas law</a>. These three gas laws in combination with <a href="/wiki/Avogadro%27s_law" title="Avogadro's law">Avogadro's law</a> can be generalized by the <a href="/wiki/Ideal_gas_law" title="Ideal gas law">ideal gas law</a>. </p><p>Gay-Lussac used the formula acquired from ΔV/V = αΔT to define the rate of expansion α for gases. For air, he found a relative expansion ΔV/V = 37.50% and obtained a value of α = 37.50%/100 °C = 1/266.66 °C which indicated that the value of <a href="/wiki/Absolute_zero" title="Absolute zero">absolute zero</a> was approximately 266.66 °C below 0 °C.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The value of the rate of expansion α is approximately the same for all gases and this is also sometimes referred to as Gay-Lussac's Law. See the introduction to this article, and <a href="/wiki/Charles%27s_Law" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles's Law">Charles's Law</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gay-Lussac%27s_law&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Avogadro%27s_law" title="Avogadro's law">Avogadro's law</a> – Relationship between volume and amount of a gas at constant temperature and pressure</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boyle%27s_law" title="Boyle's law">Boyle's law</a> – Relation between gas pressure and volume</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles%27s_law" title="Charles's law">Charles's law</a> – Relationship between volume and temperature of a gas at constant pressure</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combined_gas_law" class="mw-redirect" title="Combined gas law">Combined gas law</a> – Combination of Charles', Boyle's and Gay-Lussac's gas laws</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gay-Lussac%27s_law&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Sur la combinaison des substances gazeuses, les unes avec les autres," <i>Mémoires de physique et de chimie de la Société d’Arcueil</i>, vol. 2 (1809), 207-34.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Sur la dilatation des gaz," <i>Annales de chimie</i>, 43 (1802), 137-75.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gay-Lussac (1809) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=hnJKAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA207">"Mémoire sur la combinaison des substances gazeuses, les unes avec les autres"</a> (Memoir on the combination of gaseous substances with each other), <i>Mémoires de la Société d'Arcueil</i> <b>2</b>: 207–234. Available in English at: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web.lemoyne.edu/~giunta/gaylussac.html">Le Moyne College</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chemistryexplained.com/Fe-Ge/Gay-Lussac-Joseph-Louis.html">"Joseph-Louis Gay-Lussac"</a>. <i>chemistryexplained.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=chemistryexplained.com&rft.atitle=Joseph-Louis+Gay-Lussac&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chemistryexplained.com%2FFe-Ge%2FGay-Lussac-Joseph-Louis.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGay-Lussac%27s+law" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHartley_Harold1966" class="citation journal cs1">Hartley Harold (1966). "Stanislao Cannizzaro, F.R.S. (1826–1910) and the First International Chemical Conference at Karlsruhe". <i>Notes and Records of the Royal Society of London</i>. <b>21</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">56–</span>63. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1098%2Frsnr.1966.0006">10.1098/rsnr.1966.0006</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:58453894">58453894</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Notes+and+Records+of+the+Royal+Society+of+London&rft.atitle=Stanislao+Cannizzaro%2C+F.R.S.+%281826%E2%80%931910%29+and+the+First+International+Chemical+Conference+at+Karlsruhe&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E56-%3C%2Fspan%3E63&rft.date=1966&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1098%2Frsnr.1966.0006&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A58453894%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.au=Hartley+Harold&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGay-Lussac%27s+law" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Tippens, Paul E. (2007). Physics, 7th ed. McGraw-Hill. 386–387.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cooper, Crystal (Feb. 11, 2010). "Gay-Lussac's Law". Bright Hub Engineering. Retrieved from <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.brighthubengineering.com/hvac/26213-gay-lussacs-law/">http://www.brighthubengineering.com/hvac/26213-gay-lussacs-law/</a> on July 8, 2013.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Verma, K.S. - <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cengage.co.in/category/test-prep/jee-advanced/chemistry/course/physical-chemistry-for-joint-entrance-examination-jee-advanced-part-1-6h">Cengage Physical Chemistry Part 1</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210506233242/https://www.cengage.co.in/category/test-prep/jee-advanced/chemistry/course/physical-chemistry-for-joint-entrance-examination-jee-advanced-part-1-6h">Archived</a> 2021-05-06 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> - Section 5.6.3</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Crosland, Maurice P. (2004). Gay-Lussac: Scientist and Bourgeois. Cambridge University Press. 119–120.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Asimov, Isaac (1966). Understanding Physics – Motion, Sound, and Heat. Walker and Co. 191–192.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gay-Lussac (1802), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Z6ctSn3TIeYC&pg=PA137">"Recherches sur la dilatation des gaz et des vapeurs"</a> (Researches on the expansion of gases and vapors), <i>Annales de Chimie</i> <b>43</b>: 137–175. On page 157, Gay-Lussac mentions the unpublished findings of Charles: "Avant d'aller plus loin, je dois prévenir que quoique j'eusse reconnu un grand nombre de fois que les gaz oxigène, azote, hydrogène et acide carbonique, et l'air atmosphérique se dilatent également depuis 0° jusqu'a 80°, le cit. Charles avait remarqué depuis 15 ans la même propriété dans ces gaz; mais n'avant jamais publié ses résultats, c'est par le plus grand hasard que je les ai connus." (Before going further, I should inform [you] that although I had recognized many times that the gases oxygen, nitrogen, hydrogen, and carbonic acid [i.e., carbon dioxide], and atmospheric air also expand from 0° to 80°, citizen Charles had noticed 15 years ago the same property in these gases; but having never published his results, it is by the merest chance that I knew of them.) Available in English at: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web.lemoyne.edu/~giunta/gaygas.html#foot1">Le Moyne College</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGay-Lussac1802" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Gay-Lussac (1802). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=uTZAAgzxXJcC&pg=PA166">"Recherches sur la dilatation des gaz et des vapeurs"</a>. <i>Annales de chimie, ou, Recueil de mémoires concernant la chimie</i> (in French).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annales+de+chimie%2C+ou%2C+Recueil+de+m%C3%A9moires+concernant+la+chimie&rft.atitle=Recherches+sur+la+dilatation+des+gaz+et+des+vapeurs&rft.date=1802&rft.au=Gay-Lussac&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DuTZAAgzxXJcC%26pg%3DPA166&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGay-Lussac%27s+law" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gay-Lussac%27s_law&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCastka,_Joseph_F.Metcalfe,_H._ClarkDavis,_Raymond_E.Williams,_John_E.2002" class="citation book cs1">Castka, Joseph F.; Metcalfe, H. Clark; Davis, Raymond E.; Williams, John E. (2002). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/modernchemistry00davi"><i>Modern Chemistry</i></a></span>. Holt, Rinehart and Winston. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-03-056537-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-03-056537-3"><bdi>978-0-03-056537-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Modern+Chemistry&rft.pub=Holt%2C+Rinehart+and+Winston&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-03-056537-3&rft.au=Castka%2C+Joseph+F.&rft.au=Metcalfe%2C+H.+Clark&rft.au=Davis%2C+Raymond+E.&rft.au=Williams%2C+John+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmodernchemistry00davi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGay-Lussac%27s+law" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGuch,_Ian2003" class="citation book cs1">Guch, Ian (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/completeidiotsgu00guch"><i>The Complete Idiot's Guide to Chemistry</i></a>. Alpha, Penguin Group Inc. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-59257-101-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-59257-101-7"><bdi>978-1-59257-101-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Complete+Idiot%27s+Guide+to+Chemistry&rft.pub=Alpha%2C+Penguin+Group+Inc.&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-1-59257-101-7&rft.au=Guch%2C+Ian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcompleteidiotsgu00guch&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGay-Lussac%27s+law" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMascetta,_Joseph_A.1998" class="citation book cs1">Mascetta, Joseph A. (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/howtopreparefors00masc"><i>How to Prepare for the SAT II Chemistry</i></a>. Barron's. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7641-0331-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7641-0331-5"><bdi>978-0-7641-0331-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=How+to+Prepare+for+the+SAT+II+Chemistry&rft.pub=Barron%27s&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0-7641-0331-5&rft.au=Mascetta%2C+Joseph+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhowtopreparefors00masc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGay-Lussac%27s+law" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox 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concepts</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Constants</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Avogadro_constant" title="Avogadro constant">Avogadro constant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boltzmann_constant" title="Boltzmann constant">Boltzmann constant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gas_constant" title="Gas constant">Gas constant</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Physical quantities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mass_concentration_(chemistry)" title="Mass concentration (chemistry)">Mass concentration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molar_concentration" title="Molar concentration">Molar concentration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molality" title="Molality">Molality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass" title="Mass">Mass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volume_(thermodynamics)" title="Volume (thermodynamics)">Volume</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Density" title="Density">Density</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mole_fraction" title="Mole fraction">Mole fraction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_fraction_(chemistry)" title="Mass fraction (chemistry)">Mass fraction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amount_of_substance" title="Amount of substance">Amount of substance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molar_mass" title="Molar mass">Molar mass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atomic_mass" title="Atomic mass">Atomic mass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Particle_number" title="Particle number">Particle number</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pressure" title="Pressure">Pressure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thermodynamic_temperature" title="Thermodynamic temperature">Thermodynamic temperature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molar_volume" title="Molar volume">Molar volume</a></li> <li><a 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