CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Deir ez-Zor campaign (2017–2019) - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"2c00fbc3-03a3-4740-af33-dd239a9c7531","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Deir_ez-Zor_campaign_(2017–2019)","wgTitle":"Deir ez-Zor campaign (2017–2019)","wgCurRevisionId":1256849854,"wgRevisionId":1256849854,"wgArticleId":55184859,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["All articles with dead external links","Articles with dead external links from February 2023","Articles with permanently dead external links","CS1 Spanish-language sources (es)","CS1 French-language sources (fr)","Webarchive template wayback links","CS1 Arabic-language sources (ar)","CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list","CS1 errors: generic name","CS1 maint: archived copy as title","Articles to be merged from August 2024", "All articles to be merged","Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Pages using military navigation subgroups without wide style","All articles with unsourced statements","Articles with unsourced statements from November 2020","Islamic State insurgency in Iraq (2017–present)","Military operations of the Syrian civil war in 2017","Military operations of the Syrian civil war in 2018","Military operations of the Syrian civil war in 2019","Military operations of the Syrian civil war involving the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant","Military operations of the Syrian civil war involving the Syrian Democratic Forces","Military operations of the Syrian civil war involving the United States","September 2017 events in Syria","Deir ez-Zor Governorate in the Syrian civil war"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Deir_ez-Zor_campaign_(2017–2019)","wgRelevantArticleId":55184859, "wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":200000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q39899474","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"], "GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","ext.tmh.player.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","ext.tmh.player","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips", "ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.quicksurveys.init","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.tmh.player.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Operation_Al-Jazeera_Storm_%282017-19%29.svg/1200px-Operation_Al-Jazeera_Storm_%282017-19%29.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1584"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Operation_Al-Jazeera_Storm_%282017-19%29.svg/800px-Operation_Al-Jazeera_Storm_%282017-19%29.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1056"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Operation_Al-Jazeera_Storm_%282017-19%29.svg/640px-Operation_Al-Jazeera_Storm_%282017-19%29.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="845"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Deir ez-Zor campaign (2017–2019) - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deir_ez-Zor_campaign_(2017%E2%80%932019)"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Deir_ez-Zor_campaign_(2017%E2%80%932019)&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deir_ez-Zor_campaign_(2017%E2%80%932019)"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Deir_ez-Zor_campaign_2017–2019 rootpage-Deir_ez-Zor_campaign_2017–2019 skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Main menu </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z">Main page</a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia">Contents</a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events">Current events</a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x">Random article</a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works">About Wikipedia</a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia">Contact us</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia">Help</a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia">Learn to edit</a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors">Community portal</a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r">Recent changes</a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia">Upload file</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"> Search </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Appearance </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class="">Donate</a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Deir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class="">Create account</a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Deir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class="">Log in</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Personal tools </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en">Donate</a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Deir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"> Create account</a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Deir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"> Log in</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing">learn more</a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y">Contributions</a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n">Talk</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Prelude" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prelude"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1 Prelude </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Prelude-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_campaign" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_campaign"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 The campaign </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-The_campaign-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle The campaign subsection </button> <ul id="toc-The_campaign-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Initial_phase" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Initial_phase"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Initial phase </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Initial_phase-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Opening_of_a_second_front" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Opening_of_a_second_front"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1.1 Opening of a second front </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Opening_of_a_second_front-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Slowing_down_of_the_campaign" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Slowing_down_of_the_campaign"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1.2 Slowing down of the campaign </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Slowing_down_of_the_campaign-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gharanij_and_ISIL_attacks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gharanij_and_ISIL_attacks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1.3 Gharanij and ISIL attacks </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gharanij_and_ISIL_attacks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Entering_the_Middle_Euphrates_Valley" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Entering_the_Middle_Euphrates_Valley"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1.4 Entering the Middle Euphrates Valley </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Entering_the_Middle_Euphrates_Valley-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_campaign_resumes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_campaign_resumes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 The campaign resumes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_campaign_resumes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Capturing_the_Syrian-Iraqi_border" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Capturing_the_Syrian-Iraqi_border"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2.1 Capturing the Syrian-Iraqi border </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Capturing_the_Syrian-Iraqi_border-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Third_phase" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Third_phase"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 Third phase </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Third_phase-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-ISIL_breakout" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ISIL_breakout"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3.1 ISIL breakout </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ISIL_breakout-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Battle_of_Hajin" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Battle_of_Hajin"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3.2 Battle of Hajin </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Battle_of_Hajin-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Clearing_the_Euphrates_pocket" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Clearing_the_Euphrates_pocket"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3.3 Clearing the Euphrates pocket </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Clearing_the_Euphrates_pocket-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ISIL's_last_stand" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ISIL's_last_stand"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3.4 ISIL's last stand </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ISIL's_last_stand-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Civilian_exodus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Civilian_exodus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3.4.1 Civilian exodus </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Civilian_exodus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Final_assault" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Final_assault"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3.4.2 Final assault </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Final_assault-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-SDF-Syrian_government_clashes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#SDF-Syrian_government_clashes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 SDF-Syrian government clashes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-SDF-Syrian_government_clashes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aftermath" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aftermath"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Aftermath </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Aftermath-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Aftermath subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Aftermath-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-ISIL_insurgency" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ISIL_insurgency"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 ISIL insurgency </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ISIL_insurgency-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ISIL_suspects_and_detainees" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ISIL_suspects_and_detainees"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 ISIL suspects and detainees </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ISIL_suspects_and_detainees-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Deir ez-Zor campaign (2017–2019)</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 7 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-7" aria-hidden="true" > 7 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%85_%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B2%D9%88%D8%B1_(2017%E2%80%9319)" title="هجوم دير الزور (2017–19) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="هجوم دير الزور (2017–19)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ofensiva_a_Deir_ez-Zor" title="Ofensiva a Deir ez-Zor – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Ofensiva a Deir ez-Zor" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ofensiva_de_Deir_ez-Zor" title="Ofensiva de Deir ez-Zor – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ofensiva de Deir ez-Zor" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B2%D9%88%D8%B1_(%DB%B2%DB%B0%DB%B1%DB%B7%E2%80%93%DB%B2%DB%B0%DB%B1%DB%B9)" title="کارزار دیرالزور (۲۰۱۷–۲۰۱۹) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کارزار دیرالزور (۲۰۱۷–۲۰۱۹)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Offensive_de_Deir_ez-Zor_(2017-2019)" title="Offensive de Deir ez-Zor (2017-2019) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Offensive de Deir ez-Zor (2017-2019)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Campanha_de_Deir_Zor" title="Campanha de Deir Zor – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Campanha de Deir Zor" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deyrizor_Sava%C5%9F%C4%B1_(2017-19)" title="Deyrizor Savaşı (2017-19) – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Deyrizor Savaşı (2017-19)" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q39899474#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Deir_ez-Zor_campaign_(2017%E2%80%932019)" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c">Article</a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Deir_ez-Zor_campaign_(2017%E2%80%932019)" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t">Talk</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" >English </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Deir_ez-Zor_campaign_(2017%E2%80%932019)">Read</a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Deir_ez-Zor_campaign_(2017%E2%80%932019)&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e">Edit</a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Deir_ez-Zor_campaign_(2017%E2%80%932019)&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h">View history</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" >Tools </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Deir_ez-Zor_campaign_(2017%E2%80%932019)">Read</a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Deir_ez-Zor_campaign_(2017%E2%80%932019)&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e">Edit</a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Deir_ez-Zor_campaign_(2017%E2%80%932019)&action=history">View history</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Deir_ez-Zor_campaign_(2017%E2%80%932019)" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j">What links here</a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Deir_ez-Zor_campaign_(2017%E2%80%932019)" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k">Related changes</a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u">Upload file</a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q">Special pages</a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Deir_ez-Zor_campaign_(2017%E2%80%932019)&oldid=1256849854" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page">Permanent link</a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Deir_ez-Zor_campaign_(2017%E2%80%932019)&action=info" title="More information about this page">Page information</a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Deir_ez-Zor_campaign_%282017%E2%80%932019%29&id=1256849854&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page">Cite this page</a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FDeir_ez-Zor_campaign_%282017%25E2%2580%25932019%29">Get shortened URL</a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FDeir_ez-Zor_campaign_%282017%25E2%2580%25932019%29">Download QR code</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Deir_ez-Zor_campaign_%282017%E2%80%932019%29&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file">Download as PDF</a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Deir_ez-Zor_campaign_(2017%E2%80%932019)&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p">Printable version</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Deir_ez-Zor_campaign_(2017%E2%80%9319)" hreflang="en">Wikimedia Commons</a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q39899474" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g">Wikidata item</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Merge_from plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-move" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Mergefrom.svg/50px-Mergefrom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Mergefrom.svg/75px-Mergefrom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Mergefrom.svg/100px-Mergefrom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="50" data-file-height="20" /></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">It has been suggested that <a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_insurgency_in_Deir_ez-Zor" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic State insurgency in Deir ez-Zor">Islamic State insurgency in Deir ez-Zor</a> be <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Merging" title="Wikipedia:Merging">merged</a> into this article. (<a href="/wiki/Talk:Deir_ez-Zor_campaign_(2017%E2%80%932019)#Merge_proposal" title="Talk:Deir ez-Zor campaign (2017–2019)">Discuss</a>) Proposed since August 2024.</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Part of the Syrian Civil War (2017–2019)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the Syrian Democratic Forces campaign. For the Syrian Army campaign, see <a href="/wiki/Deir_ez-Zor_offensive_(September%E2%80%93November_2017)" title="Deir ez-Zor offensive (September–November 2017)">Deir ez-Zor offensive (September–November 2017)</a>. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Deir_ez-Zor_Governorate_campaign" title="Deir ez-Zor Governorate campaign">Deir ez-Zor Governorate campaign</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r963460841">@media all and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .desktop-float-right{box-sizing:border-box;float:right;clear:right}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.vevent .status>p:first-child{margin:0}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1034237262">.mw-parser-output .stack{box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .stack>div{margin:1px;overflow:hidden}@media all and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .stack-clear-left{float:left;clear:left}.mw-parser-output .stack-clear-right{float:right;clear:right}.mw-parser-output .stack-left{float:left}.mw-parser-output .stack-right{float:right}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-clear-left{float:left;clear:left;margin-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-clear-right{float:right;clear:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-left{float:left;margin-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-right{float:right;margin-left:1em}}</style><div class="stack mw-stack stack-clear-right"><div><table class="infobox vevent" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th class="summary" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Deir ez-Zor campaign (2017–2019)</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Part of the <a href="/wiki/Deir_ez-Zor_Governorate_campaign" title="Deir ez-Zor Governorate campaign">Deir ez-Zor Governorate campaign</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Rojava%E2%80%93Islamist_conflict" title="Rojava–Islamist conflict">Rojava–Islamist conflict</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/American-led_intervention_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" class="mw-redirect" title="American-led intervention in the Syrian civil war">American-led intervention</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Syrian_Civil_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Syrian Civil War">Syrian Civil War</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;line-height:1.5em;"><a href="/wiki/File:Operation_Al-Jazeera_Storm_(2017-19).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Operation_Al-Jazeera_Storm_%282017-19%29.svg/320px-Operation_Al-Jazeera_Storm_%282017-19%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="320" height="422" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Operation_Al-Jazeera_Storm_%282017-19%29.svg/480px-Operation_Al-Jazeera_Storm_%282017-19%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Operation_Al-Jazeera_Storm_%282017-19%29.svg/640px-Operation_Al-Jazeera_Storm_%282017-19%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2170" data-file-height="2864" /></a> The situation in <a href="/wiki/Deir_ez-Zor" title="Deir ez-Zor">Deir ez-Zor</a>, as of 23 March 2019<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend" style="text-align:left;">  Syrian Democratic Forces control</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend" style="text-align:left;">  Syrian Government control</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend" style="text-align:left;">  Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant control</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"><table style="width:100%;margin:0;padding:0;border:0;display:inline-table"><tbody><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Date</th><td>First phase: 8 September 2017 – 5 March 2018 (5 months, 3 weeks and 4 days) Second phase: 1 May – 4 August 2018 (3 months and 3 days) Third phase: 10 September 2018 – 23 March 2019 (6 months, 1 week and 6 days)<a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-arabnews.com-8">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-rudaw.net-9">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-syria.liveuamap.com-10">[10]</a></td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Location</th><td><div class="location">Eastern <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a> <ul><li>Southern <a href="/wiki/Al-Hasakah_Governorate" title="Al-Hasakah Governorate">Al-Hasakah Governorate</a></li> <li>Eastern <a href="/wiki/Deir_ez-Zor_Governorate" title="Deir ez-Zor Governorate">Deir ez-Zor Governorate</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Result</th><td class="status"> SDF and allied victory <ul><li>The SDF captures 14,020 square kilometers of territory (containing at least 50,000 civilians)<a href="#cite_note-outcome-11">[11]</a></li> <li>In Spring 2018, the SDF pauses the campaign without fully clearing ISIL from eastern Syria, for a couple of months, due to a <a href="/wiki/Turkish_military_operation_in_Afrin" class="mw-redirect" title="Turkish military operation in Afrin">Turkish assault on YPG-held Afrin</a><a href="#cite_note-pause-12">[12]</a><a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a></li> <li>The SDF expels ISIL from the <a href="/wiki/Iraq%E2%80%93Syria_border" title="Iraq–Syria border">Iraqi–Syrian border region</a> on 4 August 2018<a href="#cite_note-fully_expelled-15">[15]</a></li> <li>The SDF captures Hajin, the last major stronghold, from ISIL on 14 December 2018<a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-5000_fighters-18">[18]</a><a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a></li> <li>The SDF <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Baghuz_Fawqani" title="Battle of Baghuz Fawqani">captures ISIL's last stronghold</a>, Baghuz Fawqani, on 13 February 2019, with the exception of an ISIL camp south of the town</li> <li>The SDF fully defeats ISIL on 23 March, ending ISIL territorial control east of the Euphrates River</li></ul></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Belligerents</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Flag_of_Syrian_Democratic_Forces.svg/23px-Flag_of_Syrian_Democratic_Forces.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Flag_of_Syrian_Democratic_Forces.svg/35px-Flag_of_Syrian_Democratic_Forces.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Flag_of_Syrian_Democratic_Forces.svg/45px-Flag_of_Syrian_Democratic_Forces.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Syrian_Democratic_Forces" title="Syrian Democratic Forces">Syrian Democratic Forces</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Rojava.svg/23px-Flag_of_Rojava.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Rojava.svg/35px-Flag_of_Rojava.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Rojava.svg/45px-Flag_of_Rojava.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Rojava" class="mw-redirect" title="Rojava">Federal Security Forces</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/International_Freedom_Battalion_original_banner.svg/23px-International_Freedom_Battalion_original_banner.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/International_Freedom_Battalion_original_banner.svg/35px-International_Freedom_Battalion_original_banner.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/International_Freedom_Battalion_original_banner.svg/45px-International_Freedom_Battalion_original_banner.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/International_Freedom_Battalion" title="International Freedom Battalion">International Freedom Battalion</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Seal_of_Combined_Joint_Task_Force_%E2%80%93_Operation_Inherent_Resolve.svg/15px-Seal_of_Combined_Joint_Task_Force_%E2%80%93_Operation_Inherent_Resolve.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Seal_of_Combined_Joint_Task_Force_%E2%80%93_Operation_Inherent_Resolve.svg/23px-Seal_of_Combined_Joint_Task_Force_%E2%80%93_Operation_Inherent_Resolve.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Seal_of_Combined_Joint_Task_Force_%E2%80%93_Operation_Inherent_Resolve.svg/30px-Seal_of_Combined_Joint_Task_Force_%E2%80%93_Operation_Inherent_Resolve.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="415" data-file-height="415" /> <a href="/wiki/Combined_Joint_Task_Force_%E2%80%93_Operation_Inherent_Resolve" title="Combined Joint Task Force – Operation Inherent Resolve">CJTF–OIR</a> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /> <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a><a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a><a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a><a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a></li></ul> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a><a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/23px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/35px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/45px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a><a href="#cite_note-resume-5">[5]</a> (2018)</td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/20px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/31px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/40px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="750" /> <a href="/wiki/Islamic_State" title="Islamic State">Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant</a> <ul><li>Wilayat al-Sham <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Barakah_(ISIL_administrative_district)" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Barakah (ISIL administrative district)">al-Barakah district</a><a href="#cite_note-redraws-6">[6]</a></li> <li>al-Khayr district<a href="#cite_note-redraws-6">[6]</a></li> <li>al-Furat district<a href="#cite_note-redraws-6">[6]</a></li></ul></li></ul></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Commanders and leaders</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Flag_of_Syrian_Democratic_Forces.svg/23px-Flag_of_Syrian_Democratic_Forces.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Flag_of_Syrian_Democratic_Forces.svg/35px-Flag_of_Syrian_Democratic_Forces.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Flag_of_Syrian_Democratic_Forces.svg/45px-Flag_of_Syrian_Democratic_Forces.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Flag_of_Dayr_az-Zawr_Military_Council.svg/23px-Flag_of_Dayr_az-Zawr_Military_Council.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Flag_of_Dayr_az-Zawr_Military_Council.svg/35px-Flag_of_Dayr_az-Zawr_Military_Council.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Flag_of_Dayr_az-Zawr_Military_Council.svg/45px-Flag_of_Dayr_az-Zawr_Military_Council.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Rashid_Abu_Khawla" title="Rashid Abu Khawla">Ahmad Abu Khawla</a><a href="#cite_note-soon-20">[20]</a> (Deir ez-Zor Military Council commander) <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Flag_of_Syrian_Democratic_Forces.svg/23px-Flag_of_Syrian_Democratic_Forces.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Flag_of_Syrian_Democratic_Forces.svg/35px-Flag_of_Syrian_Democratic_Forces.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Flag_of_Syrian_Democratic_Forces.svg/45px-Flag_of_Syrian_Democratic_Forces.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Flag_of_Dayr_az-Zawr_Military_Council.svg/23px-Flag_of_Dayr_az-Zawr_Military_Council.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Flag_of_Dayr_az-Zawr_Military_Council.svg/35px-Flag_of_Dayr_az-Zawr_Military_Council.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Flag_of_Dayr_az-Zawr_Military_Council.svg/45px-Flag_of_Dayr_az-Zawr_Military_Council.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> Yasser al-Dahla<a href="#cite_note-arrest-21">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a> (Deir ez-Zor Military Council, Gathering of Baggara Youth commander) <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Flag_of_Syrian_Democratic_Forces.svg/23px-Flag_of_Syrian_Democratic_Forces.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Flag_of_Syrian_Democratic_Forces.svg/35px-Flag_of_Syrian_Democratic_Forces.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Flag_of_Syrian_Democratic_Forces.svg/45px-Flag_of_Syrian_Democratic_Forces.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/YPJ_Flag.svg/23px-YPJ_Flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/YPJ_Flag.svg/35px-YPJ_Flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/YPJ_Flag.svg/46px-YPJ_Flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="600" /> Rojda Kobanê<a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a> (YPJ commander) <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Flag_of_Syrian_Democratic_Forces.svg/23px-Flag_of_Syrian_Democratic_Forces.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Flag_of_Syrian_Democratic_Forces.svg/35px-Flag_of_Syrian_Democratic_Forces.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Flag_of_Syrian_Democratic_Forces.svg/45px-Flag_of_Syrian_Democratic_Forces.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/YPJ_Flag.svg/23px-YPJ_Flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/YPJ_Flag.svg/35px-YPJ_Flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/YPJ_Flag.svg/46px-YPJ_Flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Rojda_Felat" title="Rojda Felat">Rojda Felat</a><a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a> (YPJ commander) <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Flag_of_Syrian_Democratic_Forces.svg/23px-Flag_of_Syrian_Democratic_Forces.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Flag_of_Syrian_Democratic_Forces.svg/35px-Flag_of_Syrian_Democratic_Forces.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Flag_of_Syrian_Democratic_Forces.svg/45px-Flag_of_Syrian_Democratic_Forces.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> Ammar al-Salloum <a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action">†</a><a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a> (Senior commander) <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Flag_of_Syrian_Democratic_Forces.svg/23px-Flag_of_Syrian_Democratic_Forces.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Flag_of_Syrian_Democratic_Forces.svg/35px-Flag_of_Syrian_Democratic_Forces.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Flag_of_Syrian_Democratic_Forces.svg/45px-Flag_of_Syrian_Democratic_Forces.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Flag_of_the_Manbij_Military_Council.png/23px-Flag_of_the_Manbij_Military_Council.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Flag_of_the_Manbij_Military_Council.png/35px-Flag_of_the_Manbij_Military_Council.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Flag_of_the_Manbij_Military_Council.png/46px-Flag_of_the_Manbij_Military_Council.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="520" /> Agid Ahmed<a href="#cite_note-manbij-26">[26]</a> (Manbij Military Council commander) <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Flag_of_Syrian_Democratic_Forces.svg/23px-Flag_of_Syrian_Democratic_Forces.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Flag_of_Syrian_Democratic_Forces.svg/35px-Flag_of_Syrian_Democratic_Forces.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Flag_of_Syrian_Democratic_Forces.svg/45px-Flag_of_Syrian_Democratic_Forces.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/MFS_infobox_flag.png/23px-MFS_infobox_flag.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/MFS_infobox_flag.png/35px-MFS_infobox_flag.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/MFS_infobox_flag.png/45px-MFS_infobox_flag.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /> Abjer Abjer<a href="#cite_note-MFS-27">[27]</a> (MFS commander) <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Flag_of_Syrian_Democratic_Forces.svg/23px-Flag_of_Syrian_Democratic_Forces.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Flag_of_Syrian_Democratic_Forces.svg/35px-Flag_of_Syrian_Democratic_Forces.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Flag_of_Syrian_Democratic_Forces.svg/45px-Flag_of_Syrian_Democratic_Forces.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Flag_of_the_Assyrians.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Assyrians.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Flag_of_the_Assyrians.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Assyrians.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Flag_of_the_Assyrians.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Assyrians.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> Robert Ichou<a href="#cite_note-Nattoreh-28">[28]</a> (Nattoreh commander) <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/23px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/35px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/45px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Haider_al-Abadi" title="Haider al-Abadi">Haider al-Abadi</a><a href="#cite_note-resume-5">[5]</a></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Islamic_State" title="Islamic State"><img alt="Islamic State" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/20px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/31px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/40px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="750" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Abu_Bakr_al-Baghdadi" title="Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi">Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi</a><a href="#cite_note-reduced_to_two-29">[29]</a> (Leader of ISIL) <a href="/wiki/Islamic_State" title="Islamic State"><img alt="Islamic State" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/20px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/31px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/40px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="750" /></a> Mohammed Mahmoud al-Abadi <a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action">†</a><a href="#cite_note-commander-30">[30]</a> (High-ranking commander) <a href="/wiki/Islamic_State" title="Islamic State"><img alt="Islamic State" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/20px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/31px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/40px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="750" /></a> Mohammed Obeid al-Muhsin "Abu Kharja" <a href="/wiki/Surrender_(military)" title="Surrendered"><img alt="Surrendered" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/White_flag_icon.svg/14px-White_flag_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/White_flag_icon.svg/21px-White_flag_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/White_flag_icon.svg/28px-White_flag_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="351" /></a><a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a> (Regional senior commander) <a href="/wiki/Islamic_State" title="Islamic State"><img alt="Islamic State" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/20px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/31px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/40px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="750" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Saddam_al-Jamal" title="Saddam al-Jamal">Saddam Omar Hussein al-Jamal</a> (<a href="/wiki/Prisoner_of_war" title="Prisoner of war"><abbr title="Prisoner of war">POW</abbr></a>)<a href="#cite_note-5_top-32">[32]</a> <a href="/wiki/Islamic_State" title="Islamic State"><img alt="Islamic State" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/20px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/31px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/40px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="750" /></a> Essam Abdel Qader al-Zobei (<a href="/wiki/Prisoner_of_war" title="Prisoner of war"><abbr title="Prisoner of war">POW</abbr></a>)<a href="#cite_note-5_top-32">[32]</a> (Senior commander) <a href="/wiki/Islamic_State" title="Islamic State"><img alt="Islamic State" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/20px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/31px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/40px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="750" /></a> Omar Shebab al-Karbouly (<a href="/wiki/Prisoner_of_war" title="Prisoner of war"><abbr title="Prisoner of war">POW</abbr></a>)<a href="#cite_note-5_top-32">[32]</a> (Senior commander) <a href="/wiki/Islamic_State" title="Islamic State"><img alt="Islamic State" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/20px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/31px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/40px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="750" /></a> Mohammed Hussein al-Qadeer (<a href="/wiki/Prisoner_of_war" title="Prisoner of war"><abbr title="Prisoner of war">POW</abbr></a>)<a href="#cite_note-5_top-32">[32]</a> (Senior commander) <a href="/wiki/Islamic_State" title="Islamic State"><img alt="Islamic State" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/20px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/31px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/40px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="750" /></a> Saleh Khalaf al-Ali (<a href="/wiki/Prisoner_of_war" title="Prisoner of war"><abbr title="Prisoner of war">POW</abbr></a>)<a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a> (Regional commander) <a href="/wiki/Islamic_State" title="Islamic State"><img alt="Islamic State" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/20px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/31px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/40px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="750" /></a> Hisen Ayid el-Bilebil Ebu el-Walid <a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action">†</a><a href="#cite_note-mastermind-34">[34]</a> <a href="/wiki/Islamic_State" title="Islamic State"><img alt="Islamic State" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/20px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/31px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/40px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="750" /></a> Shaykh Abu Anas al-Furati <a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action">†</a><a href="#cite_note-KUNA-35">[35]</a> <a href="/wiki/Islamic_State" title="Islamic State"><img alt="Islamic State" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/20px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/31px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/40px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="750" /></a> Abu Adham al-Shami <a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action">†</a><a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a> <a href="/wiki/Islamic_State" title="Islamic State"><img alt="Islamic State" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/20px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/31px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/40px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="750" /></a> Abothan al-Jazihad <a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action">†</a><a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a> <a href="/wiki/Islamic_State" title="Islamic State"><img alt="Islamic State" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/20px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/31px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/40px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="750" /></a> Abd al-Rahman Filipini <a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action">†</a><a href="#cite_note-Vanguardia-38">[38]</a> <a href="/wiki/Islamic_State" title="Islamic State"><img alt="Islamic State" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/20px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/31px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/40px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="750" /></a> Abd al Rahman al-Tamimi <a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action">†</a><a href="#cite_note-Vanguardia-38">[38]</a> <a href="/wiki/Islamic_State" title="Islamic State"><img alt="Islamic State" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/20px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/31px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/40px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="750" /></a> Aysh al-Dagestani <a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action">†</a><a href="#cite_note-Vanguardia-38">[38]</a> (Brigade commander) <a href="/wiki/Islamic_State" title="Islamic State"><img alt="Islamic State" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/20px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/31px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/40px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="750" /></a> Abu Khattab al-Iraqi <a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action">†</a><a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a> (Leader of <a href="/wiki/Oil_production_and_smuggling_in_ISIL" class="mw-redirect" title="Oil production and smuggling in ISIL">ISIL's oil and gas network</a>)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Units involved</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Flag_of_Syrian_Democratic_Forces.svg/23px-Flag_of_Syrian_Democratic_Forces.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Flag_of_Syrian_Democratic_Forces.svg/35px-Flag_of_Syrian_Democratic_Forces.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Flag_of_Syrian_Democratic_Forces.svg/45px-Flag_of_Syrian_Democratic_Forces.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> Syrian Democratic Forces<a href="#cite_note-tempest-40">[40]</a> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Flag_of_Dayr_az-Zawr_Military_Council.svg/23px-Flag_of_Dayr_az-Zawr_Military_Council.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Flag_of_Dayr_az-Zawr_Military_Council.svg/35px-Flag_of_Dayr_az-Zawr_Military_Council.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Flag_of_Dayr_az-Zawr_Military_Council.svg/45px-Flag_of_Dayr_az-Zawr_Military_Council.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Deir_ez-Zor_Military_Council" title="Deir ez-Zor Military Council">Deir ez-Zor Military Council</a><a href="#cite_note-soon-20">[20]</a> <ul><li>Gathering of <a href="/wiki/Al-Baggara" title="Al-Baggara">al-Baggara</a> Youth<a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a></li> <li>Khabat al-Sha'iti Battalion<a href="#cite_note-hajin_interview-42">[42]</a></li> <li>Hajin battalion<a href="#cite_note-hajin_interview-42">[42]</a></li></ul></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/People%27s_Protection_Units_Flag.svg/23px-People%27s_Protection_Units_Flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/People%27s_Protection_Units_Flag.svg/35px-People%27s_Protection_Units_Flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/People%27s_Protection_Units_Flag.svg/46px-People%27s_Protection_Units_Flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Protection_Units" class="mw-redirect" title="People's Protection Units">People's Protection Units</a> (YPG) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/YPG_International" title="YPG International">YPG International</a><a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a></li></ul></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/YPJ_Flag.svg/23px-YPJ_Flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/YPJ_Flag.svg/35px-YPJ_Flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/YPJ_Flag.svg/46px-YPJ_Flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Women%27s_Protection_Units" title="Women's Protection Units">Women's Protection Units</a> (YPJ)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Terror_Units" title="Anti-Terror Units">Anti-Terror Units</a><a href="#cite_note-mastermind-34">[34]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Flag_of_al-Sanadid_Forces.svg/23px-Flag_of_al-Sanadid_Forces.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Flag_of_al-Sanadid_Forces.svg/35px-Flag_of_al-Sanadid_Forces.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Flag_of_al-Sanadid_Forces.svg/45px-Flag_of_al-Sanadid_Forces.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Al-Sanadid_Forces" title="Al-Sanadid Forces">Al-Sanadid Forces</a><a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Flag_of_the_Manbij_Military_Council.png/23px-Flag_of_the_Manbij_Military_Council.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Flag_of_the_Manbij_Military_Council.png/35px-Flag_of_the_Manbij_Military_Council.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Flag_of_the_Manbij_Military_Council.png/46px-Flag_of_the_Manbij_Military_Council.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="520" /> <a href="/wiki/Manbij_Military_Council" title="Manbij Military Council">Manbij Military Council</a><a href="#cite_note-manbij-26">[26]</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Manbij_Revolutionaries_Battalion" title="Manbij Revolutionaries Battalion">Manbij Revolutionaries Battalion</a><a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a></li> <li>Martyr Abdo Dushka Regiment<a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a></li></ul></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Flag_of_Jaysh_al-Thuwar.svg/21px-Flag_of_Jaysh_al-Thuwar.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Flag_of_Jaysh_al-Thuwar.svg/32px-Flag_of_Jaysh_al-Thuwar.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Flag_of_Jaysh_al-Thuwar.svg/42px-Flag_of_Jaysh_al-Thuwar.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="456" /> <a href="/wiki/Army_of_Revolutionaries" title="Army of Revolutionaries">Army of Revolutionaries</a><a href="#cite_note-withdraw-47">[47]</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/File:Roj_emblem.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Roj_emblem.svg/20px-Roj_emblem.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Roj_emblem.svg/30px-Roj_emblem.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Roj_emblem.svg/40px-Roj_emblem.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1000" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Kurdish_Front" title="Kurdish Front">Kurdish Front</a><a href="#cite_note-withdraw-47">[47]</a></li></ul></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Northern_Democratic_Brigade" title="Northern Democratic Brigade">Northern Democratic Brigade</a><a href="#cite_note-withdraw-47">[47]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/MFS_infobox_flag.png/23px-MFS_infobox_flag.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/MFS_infobox_flag.png/35px-MFS_infobox_flag.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/MFS_infobox_flag.png/45px-MFS_infobox_flag.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /> <a href="/wiki/Syriac_Military_Council" title="Syriac Military Council">Syriac Military Council</a> (MFS)<a href="#cite_note-MFS-27">[27]</a> <ul><li>Special Forces unit<a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a></li></ul></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Flag_of_the_Assyrians.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Assyrians.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Flag_of_the_Assyrians.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Assyrians.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Flag_of_the_Assyrians.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Assyrians.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Nattoreh" title="Nattoreh">Nattoreh</a><a href="#cite_note-Nattoreh-28">[28]</a></li></ul> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Rojava.svg/23px-Flag_of_Rojava.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Rojava.svg/35px-Flag_of_Rojava.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Rojava.svg/45px-Flag_of_Rojava.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> Federal Security Forces <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Self-Defense_Forces_(Rojava_cantons)" class="mw-redirect" title="Self-Defense Forces (Rojava cantons)">Self Defence Forces</a><a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asayish_(Rojava_cantons)" class="mw-redirect" title="Asayish (Rojava cantons)">Asayish</a><a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/International_Freedom_Battalion_original_banner.svg/23px-International_Freedom_Battalion_original_banner.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/International_Freedom_Battalion_original_banner.svg/35px-International_Freedom_Battalion_original_banner.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/International_Freedom_Battalion_original_banner.svg/45px-International_Freedom_Battalion_original_banner.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/International_Freedom_Battalion" title="International Freedom Battalion">International Freedom Battalion</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Communist_Party_of_Turkey-Marxist%E2%80%93Leninist.svg/23px-Flag_of_Communist_Party_of_Turkey-Marxist%E2%80%93Leninist.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Communist_Party_of_Turkey-Marxist%E2%80%93Leninist.svg/35px-Flag_of_Communist_Party_of_Turkey-Marxist%E2%80%93Leninist.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Communist_Party_of_Turkey-Marxist%E2%80%93Leninist.svg/45px-Flag_of_Communist_Party_of_Turkey-Marxist%E2%80%93Leninist.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /> <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Turkey/Marxist%E2%80%93Leninist" title="Communist Party of Turkey/Marxist–Leninist">TKP/ML TİKKO</a><a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a></li></ul> <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq"><img alt="Iraq" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/23px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/35px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/45px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Iraqi_security_forces" title="Iraqi security forces">Iraqi security forces</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Mobilization_Forces" title="Popular Mobilization Forces">Popular Mobilization Forces</a><a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a></li></ul> <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a> <a href="/wiki/United_States_Armed_Forces" title="United States Armed Forces">United States Armed Forces</a> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_the_United_States_Air_Force.svg/19px-Flag_of_the_United_States_Air_Force.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_the_United_States_Air_Force.svg/29px-Flag_of_the_United_States_Air_Force.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_the_United_States_Air_Force.svg/38px-Flag_of_the_United_States_Air_Force.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="6336" data-file-height="4992" /> <a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force" title="United States Air Force">United States Air Force</a><a href="#cite_note-start-53">[53]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_Joint_Special_Operations_Command_(JSOC).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Seal_of_the_Joint_Special_Operations_Command_%28JSOC%29.svg/20px-Seal_of_the_Joint_Special_Operations_Command_%28JSOC%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Seal_of_the_Joint_Special_Operations_Command_%28JSOC%29.svg/30px-Seal_of_the_Joint_Special_Operations_Command_%28JSOC%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Seal_of_the_Joint_Special_Operations_Command_%28JSOC%29.svg/40px-Seal_of_the_Joint_Special_Operations_Command_%28JSOC%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="543" data-file-height="543" /></a> <a href="/wiki/United_States_special_operations_forces" title="United States special operations forces">United States special operations forces</a><a href="#cite_note-start-53">[53]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_the_United_States_Army.svg/19px-Flag_of_the_United_States_Army.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_the_United_States_Army.svg/29px-Flag_of_the_United_States_Army.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_the_United_States_Army.svg/38px-Flag_of_the_United_States_Army.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="6336" data-file-height="4992" /> <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army" title="United States Army">United States Army</a> (support role per local reports)<a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a></li></ul> <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"><img alt="United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/British_Armed_Forces" title="British Armed Forces">British Armed Forces</a> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/SNN2227SAS-280_536049a.jpg/8px-SNN2227SAS-280_536049a.jpg" decoding="async" width="8" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/SNN2227SAS-280_536049a.jpg/12px-SNN2227SAS-280_536049a.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/SNN2227SAS-280_536049a.jpg/16px-SNN2227SAS-280_536049a.jpg 2x" data-file-width="9000" data-file-height="16515" /> <a href="/wiki/Special_Air_Service" title="Special Air Service">SAS</a> (unconfirmed by authorities)<a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a><a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a></li></ul> <a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><img alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/French_Armed_Forces" title="French Armed Forces">French Armed Forces</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Special_Operations_Command_(France)" title="Special Operations Command (France)">French SOF</a><a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a></li></ul> Task Force Wagram (heavy artillery) <a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Islamic_State" title="Islamic State"><img alt="Islamic State" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/20px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/31px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/40px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="750" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Military_activity_of_ISIL" class="mw-redirect" title="Military activity of ISIL">Military of ISIL</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Strength</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> ≈17,000<a href="#cite_note-ISIL_hub-59">[59]</a></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> 6,000–10,000<a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a><a href="#cite_note-just_as_many-61">[61]</a><a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Casualties and losses</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> 162 killed, 416 wounded (2017; per the SDF)<a href="#cite_note-2017balance-63">[63]</a> 201 killed (2018; per the SDF)<a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a> 256 killed (2019; per the SDF)<a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a> 753 killed, 35 captured (10 Sep.–23 March 2019; per the SOHR)<a href="#cite_note-toll-66">[66]</a><a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> 1,345 killed, 4,000 wounded, 64 captured (2017; per the SDF)<a href="#cite_note-2017balance-63">[63]</a> 298 killed (Jan. 2018; per the SDF)<a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a> 1,618 killed, 9,250 captured (10 Sep. 2018–23 March 2019; per the SOHR)<a href="#cite_note-toll-66">[66]</a><a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;border-top:1px dotted #aaa;"> 698 civilians killed (10 Sep.–23 March 2019),<a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a> 720+ alleged defectors and prisoners executed by ISIL, including Yazidi captives<a href="#cite_note-toll-66">[66]</a></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Syrian_civil_war" style="margin:0;float:right;clear:right;width:25.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;margin-left:1em;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks navbox-vertical mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Campaignbox_Syrian_civil_war" title="Template:Campaignbox Syrian civil war"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Campaignbox_Syrian_civil_war" title="Template talk:Campaignbox Syrian civil war"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox_Syrian_civil_war" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox Syrian civil war"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Syrian_civil_war" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Syrian_civil_war" title="Syrian civil war">Syrian civil war</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war">Timeline</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(January%E2%80%93April_2011)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (January–April 2011)">January–April 2011</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(May%E2%80%93August_2011)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (May–August 2011)">May–August 2011</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(September%E2%80%93December_2011)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (September–December 2011)">September–December 2011</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(January%E2%80%93April_2012)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (January–April 2012)">January–April 2012</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(May%E2%80%93August_2012)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (May–August 2012)">May–August 2012</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(September%E2%80%93December_2012)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (September–December 2012)">September–December 2012</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(January%E2%80%93April_2013)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (January–April 2013)">January–April 2013</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(May%E2%80%93December_2013)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (May–December 2013)">May–December 2013</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(January%E2%80%93July_2014)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (January–July 2014)">January–July 2014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(August%E2%80%93December_2014)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (August–December 2014)">August–December 2014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(January%E2%80%93July_2015)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (January–July 2015)">January–July 2015</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(August%E2%80%93December_2015)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (August–December 2015)">August–December 2015</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(January%E2%80%93April_2016)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (January–April 2016)">January–April 2016</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(May%E2%80%93August_2016)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (May–August 2016)">May–August 2016</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(September%E2%80%93December_2016)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (September–December 2016)">September–December 2016</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(January%E2%80%93April_2017)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (January–April 2017)">January–April 2017</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(May%E2%80%93August_2017)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (May–August 2017)">May–August 2017</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(September%E2%80%93December_2017)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (September–December 2017)">September–December 2017</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(January%E2%80%93April_2018)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (January–April 2018)">January–April 2018</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(May%E2%80%93August_2018)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (May–August 2018)">May–August 2018</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(September%E2%80%93December_2018)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (September–December 2018)">September–December 2018</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(January%E2%80%93April_2019)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (January–April 2019)">January–April 2019</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(May%E2%80%93August_2019)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (May–August 2019)">May–August 2019</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(September%E2%80%93December_2019)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (September–December 2019)">September–December 2019</a> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(2020)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (2020)">2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(2021)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (2021)">2021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(2022)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (2022)">2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(2023)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (2023)">2023</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(2024)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (2024)">2024</a></li></ul></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Background_and_causes_of_the_Syrian_civil_war" class="mw-redirect" title="Background and causes of the Syrian civil war">Background and causes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casualties_of_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Casualties of the Syrian civil war">Casualties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Control_of_cities_during_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Control of cities during the Syrian civil war">Cities</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Syrian_Civil_War_detailed_map" title="Template:Syrian Civil War detailed map">map</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_terrorist_incidents_in_Syria" title="List of terrorist incidents in Syria">Terrorism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_massacres_during_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="List of massacres during the Syrian civil war">Massacres</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;margin: 0; float: right; clear: right; width: 25em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;;float:right; clear:right; margin:0.2em 0 0.2em 0.5em; width:300px; display:table;"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color: #CEE0F2"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Campaignbox_civil_uprising_phase_of_the_Syrian_Civil_War" title="Template:Campaignbox civil uprising phase of the Syrian Civil War"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Campaignbox_civil_uprising_phase_of_the_Syrian_Civil_War" title="Template talk:Campaignbox civil uprising phase of the Syrian Civil War"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox_civil_uprising_phase_of_the_Syrian_Civil_War" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox civil uprising phase of the Syrian Civil War"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Civil_uprising_in_Syria_(March–August_2011)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Civil_uprising_phase_of_the_Syrian_civil_war" class="mw-redirect" title="Civil uprising phase of the Syrian civil war">Civil uprising in Syria</a> (March–August 2011)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Daraa" title="Siege of Daraa">Daraa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Baniyas" title="Siege of Baniyas">Baniyas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Homs" title="Siege of Homs">Homs (May–August 2011)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Talkalakh_(May_2011)" title="Siege of Talkalakh (May 2011)">Talkalakh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Rastan_and_Talbiseh" title="Siege of Rastan and Talbiseh">Rastan and Talbiseh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_2011_Jisr_ash-Shughur_clashes" title="June 2011 Jisr ash-Shughur clashes">1st Jisr ash-Shughur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Summer_2011_Jabal_al-Zawiya_operation" title="Summer 2011 Jabal al-Zawiya operation">1st Jabal al-Zawiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Hama_(2011)" title="Siege of Hama (2011)">Hama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Latakia" title="Siege of Latakia">Latakia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-vertical mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;margin:0;float:right;clear:right;width:25em;margin-bottom:0.5em;"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Campaignbox_early_insurgency_phase_of_the_Syrian_Civil_War" title="Template:Campaignbox early insurgency phase of the Syrian Civil War"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Campaignbox_early_insurgency_phase_of_the_Syrian_Civil_War" title="Template talk:Campaignbox early insurgency phase of the Syrian Civil War"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox_early_insurgency_phase_of_the_Syrian_Civil_War" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox early insurgency phase of the Syrian Civil War"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Start_of_insurgency_(Sept._2011_–_April_2012)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Early_insurgency_phase_of_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Early insurgency phase of the Syrian civil war">Start of insurgency</a> (Sept. 2011 – April 2012)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Homs" title="Siege of Homs">Homs (2011–14)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2012_Homs_offensive" title="2012 Homs offensive">Homs offensive</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idlib_Governorate_clashes_(September_2011_%E2%80%93_March_2012)" title="Idlib Governorate clashes (September 2011 – March 2012)">1st Idlib Gov.</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/December_2011_Syrian%E2%80%93Turkish_border_clash" title="December 2011 Syrian–Turkish border clash">Syrian–Turkish border</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_2011_Jabal_al-Zawiya_massacres" title="December 2011 Jabal al-Zawiya massacres">Jabal al-Zawiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Idlib_(2012)" title="Battle of Idlib (2012)">1st Idlib City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Saraqib" title="Battle of Saraqib">Saraqeb</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Rastan_(2011)" title="Battle of Rastan (2011)">1st Rastan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hama_Governorate_clashes_(2011%E2%80%932012)" title="Hama Governorate clashes (2011–2012)">Hama Gov.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shayrat_and_Tiyas_airbase_ambush" title="Shayrat and Tiyas airbase ambush">Shayrat & Tiyas ambush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daraa_Governorate_clashes_(2011%E2%80%932013)" title="Daraa Governorate clashes (2011–2013)">Daraa Gov.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rif_Dimashq_clashes_(November_2011%E2%80%93March_2012)" title="Rif Dimashq clashes (November 2011–March 2012)">1st Rif Dimashq</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Zabadani_(2012)" title="Battle of Zabadani (2012)">1st Zabadani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Douma" title="Battle of Douma">Douma</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deir_ez-Zor_clashes_(2011%E2%80%932014)" title="Deir ez-Zor clashes (2011–2014)">Deir ez-Zor (2011–2014)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hatla_massacre" title="Hatla massacre">Hatla</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Aleppo_Governorate_clashes" title="2012 Aleppo Governorate clashes">Aleppo Gov.</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Azaz_(2012)" title="Battle of Azaz (2012)">Azaz</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Rastan_(January%E2%80%93February_2012)" title="Battle of Rastan (January–February 2012)">2nd Rastan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_al-Qusayr_(2012)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of al-Qusayr (2012)">1st al-Qusayr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_2012_Idlib_Governorate_Operation" title="April 2012 Idlib Governorate Operation">2nd Idlib Gov.</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Taftanaz" title="Battle of Taftanaz">Taftanaz</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-vertical mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;margin:0;float:right;clear:right;width:25em;margin-bottom:0.5em;"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Campaignbox_cease-fire_period_and_start_of_the_Syrian_Civil_War" title="Template:Campaignbox cease-fire period and start of the Syrian Civil War"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Campaignbox_cease-fire_period_and_start_of_the_Syrian_Civil_War" title="Template talk:Campaignbox cease-fire period and start of the Syrian Civil War"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox_cease-fire_period_and_start_of_the_Syrian_Civil_War" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox cease-fire period and start of the Syrian Civil War"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="UN_ceasefire;_Rebel_advances_(May_2012_–_Dec._2013)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Kofi_Annan_Syrian_peace_plan" title="Kofi Annan Syrian peace plan">UN ceasefire</a>; <a href="/wiki/2012%E2%80%932013_escalation_of_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="2012–2013 escalation of the Syrian civil war">Rebel advances</a> (May 2012 – Dec. 2013)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Rastan_(May_2012)" title="Battle of Rastan (May 2012)">3rd Rastan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houla_massacre" title="Houla massacre">Houla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Northern_Homs" title="Siege of Northern Homs">Northern Homs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_al-Haffah" title="Battle of al-Haffah">Al-Haffah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Qubeir_massacre" title="Al-Qubeir massacre">Al-Qubeir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tremseh" title="Battle of Tremseh">Al-Tremseh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idlib_Governorate_clashes_(June_2012%E2%80%93April_2013)" class="mw-redirect" title="Idlib Governorate clashes (June 2012–April 2013)">3rd Idlib Gov.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Damascus_(2012)" title="Battle of Damascus (2012)">1st Damascus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/18_July_2012_Damascus_bombing" title="18 July 2012 Damascus bombing">Bombing</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Aleppo_(2012%E2%80%932016)" title="Battle of Aleppo (2012–2016)">Aleppo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Anadan" title="Battle of Anadan">Anadan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Menagh_Air_Base" title="Siege of Menagh Air Base">Menagh Air Base</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Base_46" title="Siege of Base 46">Base 46</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khan_al-Assal_massacre" title="Khan al-Assal massacre">Khan al-Assal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleppo_offensive_(October%E2%80%93December_2013)" title="Aleppo offensive (October–December 2013)">1st Aleppo offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Canopus_Star" title="Operation Canopus Star">2nd Aleppo offensive</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rojava_conflict" title="Rojava conflict">Syrian Kurdistan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rojava%E2%80%93Islamist_conflict" title="Rojava–Islamist conflict">Kurdish–Islamist conflict</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Hasakah_Governorate_campaign_(2012%E2%80%932014)" title="Al-Hasakah Governorate campaign (2012–2014)">Hasaka campaign</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ras_al-Ayn_(2012%E2%80%9313)" title="Battle of Ras al-Ayn (2012–13)">Ras al-Ayn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_al-Yaarubiyah" title="Battle of al-Yaarubiyah">al-Yaarubiyah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tell_Hamis_and_Tell_Brak_(2013%E2%80%932014)" title="Battle of Tell Hamis and Tell Brak (2013–2014)">Tell Hamis and Tell Brak</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tell_Abyad_(2013)" title="Battle of Tell Abyad (2013)">Tell Abyad</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Nubl_and_al-Zahraa" title="Siege of Nubl and al-Zahraa">Nubl & Al-Zahraa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rif_Dimashq_offensive_(August%E2%80%93October_2012)" title="Rif Dimashq offensive (August–October 2012)">2nd Rif Dimashq</a> (<a href="/wiki/Darayya_massacre" title="Darayya massacre">1st Darayya</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Abu_al-Duhur_Airbase" title="Siege of Abu al-Duhur Airbase">Abu al-Duhur Airbase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quneitra_Governorate_clashes_(2012%E2%80%932014)" title="Quneitra Governorate clashes (2012–2014)">Quneitra Gov.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rif_Dimashq_offensive_(November_2012%E2%80%93February_2013)" title="Rif Dimashq offensive (November 2012–February 2013)">3rd Rif Dimashq</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Yarmouk_Camp_(December_2012)" title="Battle of Yarmouk Camp (December 2012)">1st Yarmouk camp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Darayya_(November_2012%E2%80%93February_2013)" title="Battle of Darayya (November 2012–February 2013)">2nd Darayya</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Darayya_and_Muadamiyat" title="Siege of Darayya and Muadamiyat">Darayya & Muadamiyat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aqrab_massacre" title="Aqrab massacre">Aqrab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Hama_offensive" title="2012 Hama offensive">1st Hama offensive</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Halfaya_massacre_(2012)" title="Halfaya massacre (2012)">Halfaya</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Safira" title="Battle of Safira">1st Safira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Shaddadi_(2013)" title="Battle of Shaddadi (2013)">Shadadeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Damascus_offensive_(2013)" title="Damascus offensive (2013)">2nd Damascus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raqqa_campaign_(2012%E2%80%932013)" title="Raqqa campaign (2012–2013)">1st Raqqa campaign</a> (<a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Raqqa_(2013)" title="Battle of Raqqa (2013)">1st Raqqa</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_Daraa_offensive" title="2013 Daraa offensive">1st Daraa offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rif_Dimashq_offensive_(March%E2%80%93August_2013)" title="Rif Dimashq offensive (March–August 2013)">4th Rif Dimashq</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Jdaidet_al-Fadl" title="Battle of Jdaidet al-Fadl">Jdaidet al-Fadl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tadamon_massacre" title="Tadamon massacre">Tadamon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghouta_chemical_attack" title="Ghouta chemical attack">Ghouta</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Qusayr_offensive" title="Al-Qusayr offensive">Al-Qusayr offensive</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_al-Qusayr_(2013)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of al-Qusayr (2013)">2nd al-Qusayr</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Eastern_Ghouta" title="Siege of Eastern Ghouta">Eastern Ghouta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_Hama_offensive" title="2013 Hama offensive">2nd Hama offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bayda_and_Baniyas_massacres" title="Bayda and Baniyas massacres">Bayda and Baniyas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_Latakia_offensive" title="2013 Latakia offensive">1st Latakia offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Maaloula" title="Battle of Maaloula">Ma'loula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sadad" title="Battle of Sadad">Sadad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rif_Dimashq_offensive_(September%E2%80%93November_2013)" title="Rif Dimashq offensive (September–November 2013)">5th Rif Dimashq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Qalamoun_(2013%E2%80%932014)" title="Battle of Qalamoun (2013–2014)">1st Qalamoun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adra_massacre" title="Adra massacre">Adra</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-vertical mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;margin:0;float:right;clear:right;width:25em;margin-bottom:0.5em;"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Campaignbox_rise_of_the_Islamists_in_the_Syrian_Civil_War" title="Template:Campaignbox rise of the Islamists in the Syrian Civil War"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Campaignbox_rise_of_the_Islamists_in_the_Syrian_Civil_War" title="Template talk:Campaignbox rise of the Islamists in the Syrian Civil War"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox_rise_of_the_Islamists_in_the_Syrian_Civil_War" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox rise of the Islamists in the Syrian Civil War"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Rise_of_ISIS_in_2014" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Inter-rebel_conflict_during_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Inter-rebel conflict during the Syrian civil war">Rise of ISIS</a> in <a href="/wiki/2014_in_Syria" title="2014 in Syria">2014</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inter-rebel_conflict_during_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Inter-rebel conflict during the Syrian civil war">Inter-rebel conflict</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Aleppo_offensive_(February%E2%80%93July_2014)" title="Northern Aleppo offensive (February–July 2014)">Northern Aleppo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Markada" title="Battle of Markada">Markada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deir_ez-Zor_offensive_(April%E2%80%93July_2014)" title="Deir ez-Zor offensive (April–July 2014)">1st Deir ez-Zor offensive</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Otaiba_ambush" title="Al-Otaiba ambush">al-Otaiba ambush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maan_massacre" title="Maan massacre">Maan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hosn" title="Battle of Hosn">Hosn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Morek" title="Battle of Morek">Morek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daraa_offensive_(February%E2%80%93May_2014)" title="Daraa offensive (February–May 2014)">2nd Daraa offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Latakia_offensive" title="2014 Latakia offensive">2nd Latakia offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Idlib_offensive" title="2014 Idlib offensive">4th Idlib Gov.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Al-Malihah" title="Battle of Al-Malihah">Al-Malihah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Wadi_Deif_(2014)" title="Siege of Wadi Deif (2014)">2nd Wadi Deif</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qalamoun_offensive_(2014)" title="Qalamoun offensive (2014)">2nd Qalamoun</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Arsal_(2014)" title="Battle of Arsal (2014)">Arsal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Deir_ez-Zor_(2014%E2%80%932017)" title="Siege of Deir ez-Zor (2014–2017)">Deir ez-Zor (2014–2017)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Shaer_gas_field_(July_2014)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of the Shaer gas field (July 2014)">1st Shaer gas field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Eastern_Syria_offensive" title="2014 Eastern Syria offensive">1st Eastern Syria</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tabqa_Airbase" title="Battle of Tabqa Airbase">Tabqa Airbase</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Hama_offensive" title="2014 Hama offensive">3rd Hama offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rif_Dimashq_offensive_(August%E2%80%93November_2014)" title="Rif Dimashq offensive (August–November 2014)">6th Rif Dimashq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Quneitra_offensive" title="2014 Quneitra offensive">1st Quneitra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Koban%C3%AE" title="Siege of Kobanî">Kobanî</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-vertical mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;margin:0;float:right;clear:right;width:25em;margin-bottom:0.5em;"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Campaignbox_intervention_against_ISIL_in_the_Syrian_Civil_War" title="Template:Campaignbox intervention against ISIL in the Syrian Civil War"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Campaignbox_intervention_against_ISIL_in_the_Syrian_Civil_War" title="Template talk:Campaignbox intervention against ISIL in the Syrian Civil War"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox_intervention_against_ISIL_in_the_Syrian_Civil_War" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox intervention against ISIL in the Syrian Civil War"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="U.S.-led_intervention,_Rebel_and_ISIL_advances_(Sept._2014_–_Sept._2015)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/American-led_intervention_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" class="mw-redirect" title="American-led intervention in the Syrian civil war">U.S.-led intervention</a>, <a href="/wiki/Northwestern_Syria_offensive_(April%E2%80%93June_2015)" title="Northwestern Syria offensive (April–June 2015)">Rebel</a> and <a href="/wiki/Palmyra_offensive_(May_2015)" title="Palmyra offensive (May 2015)">ISIL advances</a> (Sept. 2014 – Sept. 2015)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American-led_intervention_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" class="mw-redirect" title="American-led intervention in the Syrian civil war">U.S.-led intervention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homs_school_bombing" title="Homs school bombing">Homs school bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daraa_offensive_(October_2014)" title="Daraa offensive (October 2014)">3rd Daraa offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Al-Safira_offensive" title="2014 Al-Safira offensive">2nd Safira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_raid_on_Idlib_city" title="2014 raid on Idlib city">2014 Idlib city raid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Nusra_Front%E2%80%93SRF/Hazzm_Movement_conflict" title="Al-Nusra Front–SRF/Hazzm Movement conflict">Nusra–FSA conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Shaer_gas_field_(October%E2%80%93November_2014)" title="Battle of the Shaer gas field (October–November 2014)">2nd Shaer gas field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Al-Shaykh_Maskin_(2014)" title="Battle of Al-Shaykh Maskin (2014)">1st Al-Shaykh Maskin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deir_ez-Zor_offensive_(December_2014)" title="Deir ez-Zor offensive (December 2014)">2nd Deir ez-Zor offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Rainbow_(Syrian_civil_war)" title="Operation Rainbow (Syrian civil war)">3rd Aleppo offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Syrian_Air_Force_An-26_crash" title="2015 Syrian Air Force An-26 crash">An-26 crash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daraa_offensive_(January_2015)" title="Daraa offensive (January 2015)">4th Daraa offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Southern_Syria_offensive" title="2015 Southern Syria offensive">Southern Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_al-Hasakah_offensive" title="Eastern al-Hasakah offensive">Eastern al-Hasakah offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sarrin_(March%E2%80%93April_2015)" title="Battle of Sarrin (March–April 2015)">1st Sarrin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hama_and_Homs_offensive_(March%E2%80%93April_2015)" title="Hama and Homs offensive (March–April 2015)">Hama/Homs offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bosra_(2015)" title="Battle of Bosra (2015)">Bosra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Idlib_offensive" title="2015 Idlib offensive">5th Idlib Gov</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Idlib_(2015)" title="Battle of Idlib (2015)">2nd Idlib city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_al-Fu%27ah_and_Kafriya" title="Siege of al-Fu'ah and Kafriya">Al-Fu'ah-Kafriya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Nasib_Border_Crossing" title="Battle of Nasib Border Crossing">Nasib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Yarmouk_Camp_(2015)" title="Battle of Yarmouk Camp (2015)">2nd Yarmouk camp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northwestern_Syria_offensive_(April%E2%80%93June_2015)" title="Northwestern Syria offensive (April–June 2015)">1st Northwestern Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qalamoun_offensive_(May%E2%80%93June_2015)" title="Qalamoun offensive (May–June 2015)">3rd Qalamoun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palmyra_offensive_(May_2015)" title="Palmyra offensive (May 2015)">1st Palmyra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_al-Hasakah_offensive" title="Western al-Hasakah offensive">Western al-Hasakah offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Hasakah_city_offensive" title="Al-Hasakah city offensive">1st Al-Hasakah city</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tell_Abyad_offensive" title="Tell Abyad offensive">Tell Abyad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daraa_and_As-Suwayda_offensive_(June_2015)" title="Daraa and As-Suwayda offensive (June 2015)">Daraa/As-Suwayda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quneitra_offensive_(June_2015)" title="Quneitra offensive (June 2015)">2nd Quneitra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sarrin_(June%E2%80%93July_2015)" title="Battle of Sarrin (June–July 2015)">2nd Sarrin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daraa_offensive_(June%E2%80%93July_2015)" title="Daraa offensive (June–July 2015)">5th Daraa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_al-Hasakah_(2015)" title="Battle of al-Hasakah (2015)">2nd Al-Hasakah city</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koban%C3%AE_massacre" title="Kobanî massacre">2nd Kobanî</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleppo_offensive_(July_2015)" title="Aleppo offensive (July 2015)">4th Aleppo offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Zabadani_(2015)" title="Battle of Zabadani (2015)">2nd Zabadani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palmyra_offensive_(July%E2%80%93August_2015)" title="Palmyra offensive (July–August 2015)">2nd Palmyra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Ghab_offensive_(July%E2%80%93August_2015)" title="Al-Ghab offensive (July–August 2015)">Al-Ghab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_al-Qaryatayn_(2015)" title="Battle of al-Qaryatayn (2015)">1st al-Qaryatayn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douma_massacre_(2015)" title="Douma massacre (2015)">Douma market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rif_Dimashq_offensive_(September_2015)" title="Rif Dimashq offensive (September 2015)">7th Rif Dimashq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuweires_offensive" title="Kuweires offensive">Kuweires offensive</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-vertical mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;margin:0;float:right;clear:right;width:25em;margin-bottom:0.5em;"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Campaignbox_Russian_intervention_in_the_Syrian_Civil_War" title="Template:Campaignbox Russian intervention in the Syrian Civil War"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Campaignbox_Russian_intervention_in_the_Syrian_Civil_War" title="Template talk:Campaignbox Russian intervention in the Syrian Civil War"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox_Russian_intervention_in_the_Syrian_Civil_War" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox Russian intervention in the Syrian Civil War"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Russian_intervention_(Sept._2015_–_March_2016)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Russian_intervention_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Russian intervention in the Syrian civil war">Russian intervention</a> (Sept. 2015 – March 2016)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russian_intervention_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Russian intervention in the Syrian civil war">Russian intervention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quneitra_offensive_(October_2015)" title="Quneitra offensive (October 2015)">3rd Quneitra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northwestern_Syria_offensive_(October%E2%80%93November_2015)" title="Northwestern Syria offensive (October–November 2015)">2nd Northwestern Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015%E2%80%932016_Latakia_offensive" title="2015–2016 Latakia offensive">3rd Latakia offensive</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2015_Russian_Sukhoi_Su-24_shootdown" title="2015 Russian Sukhoi Su-24 shootdown">Su-24 shootdown</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleppo_offensive_(October%E2%80%93December_2015)" title="Aleppo offensive (October–December 2015)">5th Aleppo offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_al-Hawl_offensive" title="2015 al-Hawl offensive">al-Hawl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homs_offensive_(November%E2%80%93December_2015)" title="Homs offensive (November–December 2015)">Homs offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Aleppo_offensive_(2015%E2%80%932016)" title="East Aleppo offensive (2015–2016)">6th Aleppo offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Hama_offensive" title="2015 Hama offensive">4th Hama offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tell_Tamer_bombings" title="Tell Tamer bombings">Tell Tamer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tishrin_Dam_offensive" title="Tishrin Dam offensive">Tishrin Dam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Al-Shaykh_Maskin_(2015%E2%80%932016)" title="Battle of Al-Shaykh Maskin (2015–2016)">2nd Al-Shaykh Maskin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Qamishli_bombings" title="2015 Qamishli bombings">al-Qamishli bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orontes_River_offensive" title="Orontes River offensive">Orontes River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deir_ez-Zor_offensive_(2016)" title="Deir ez-Zor offensive (2016)">3rd Deir ez-Zor offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Sayyidah_Zaynab_attacks" title="2016 Sayyidah Zaynab attacks">1st Sayyidah Zaynab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Aleppo_offensive_(February_2016)" title="Northern Aleppo offensive (February 2016)">7th Aleppo offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ithriyah-Raqqa_offensive_(February%E2%80%93March_2016)" title="Ithriyah-Raqqa offensive (February–March 2016)">1st Ithriyah-Raqqa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Shaddadi_offensive_(2016)" title="Al-Shaddadi offensive (2016)">Al-Shaddadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_2016_Homs_bombings" title="February 2016 Homs bombings">Homs bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Sayyidah_Zaynab_attacks" title="2016 Sayyidah Zaynab attacks">2nd Sayyidah Zaynab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Khanasir_offensive" title="2016 Khanasir offensive">Khanasir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tell_Abyad_(2016)" title="Battle of Tell Abyad (2016)">2nd Tel Abyad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Tanf_offensive_(2016)" title="Al-Tanf offensive (2016)">Al-Tanf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_al-Qaryatayn_(2016)" title="Battle of al-Qaryatayn (2016)">2nd Al-Qaryatayn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palmyra_offensive_(March_2016)" title="Palmyra offensive (March 2016)">3rd Palmyra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Maarat_al-Numan_(2016)" title="Battle of Maarat al-Numan (2016)">2nd Maarat al-Nu'man</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-vertical mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;margin:0;float:right;clear:right;width:25em;margin-bottom:0.5em;"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Campaignbox_Aleppo_escalation_period_in_the_Syrian_Civil_War" title="Template:Campaignbox Aleppo escalation period in the Syrian Civil War"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Campaignbox_Aleppo_escalation_period_in_the_Syrian_Civil_War" title="Template talk:Campaignbox Aleppo escalation period in the Syrian Civil War"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox_Aleppo_escalation_period_in_the_Syrian_Civil_War" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox Aleppo escalation period in the Syrian Civil War"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Aleppo_escalation_and_Euphrates_Shield_(March_2016_–_February_2017)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Aleppo_(2012%E2%80%932016)" title="Battle of Aleppo (2012–2016)">Aleppo escalation</a> and <a href="/wiki/Operation_Euphrates_Shield" title="Operation Euphrates Shield">Euphrates Shield</a> (March 2016 – February 2017)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Aleppo_offensive_(March%E2%80%93June_2016)" title="Northern Aleppo offensive (March–June 2016)">8th Aleppo offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daraa_offensive_(March%E2%80%93April_2016)" title="Daraa offensive (March–April 2016)">6th Daraa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Southern_Aleppo_campaign" title="2016 Southern Aleppo campaign">9th–11th Aleppo offensives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Dumayr_offensive_(April_2016)" title="Al-Dumayr offensive (April 2016)">Al-Dumayr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Ghouta_inter-rebel_conflict_(April%E2%80%93May_2016)" title="East Ghouta inter-rebel conflict (April–May 2016)">1st East Ghouta inter-rebel conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Qamishli_(2016)" title="Battle of Qamishli (2016)">1st Qamishli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleppo_bombings_(April%E2%80%93July_2016)" title="Aleppo bombings (April–July 2016)">Aleppo bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rif_Dimashq_offensive_(April%E2%80%93May_2016)" title="Rif Dimashq offensive (April–May 2016)">8th Rif Dimashq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Shaer_gas_field_(2016)" title="Battle of the Shaer gas field (2016)">3rd Shaer gas field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Raqqa_offensive" title="Northern Raqqa offensive">Northern Raqqa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_2016_Jableh_and_Tartus_bombings" title="May 2016 Jableh and Tartus bombings">Jableh & Tartus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manbij_offensive" title="Manbij offensive">Manbij</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tokhar_airstrike" title="Tokhar airstrike">Tokhar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ithriyah-Raqqa_offensive_(June_2016)" title="Ithriyah-Raqqa offensive (June 2016)">2nd Ithriyah-Raqqa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rif_Dimashq_offensive_(June%E2%80%93October_2016)" title="Rif Dimashq offensive (June–October 2016)">9th Rif Dimashq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Aleppo_summer_campaign" title="2016 Aleppo summer campaign">12th–14th Aleppo offensives</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aleppo_offensive_(June%E2%80%93July_2016)" title="Aleppo offensive (June–July 2016)">12th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleppo_offensive_(July%E2%80%93August_2016)" title="Aleppo offensive (July–August 2016)">13th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleppo_offensive_(August%E2%80%93September_2016)" title="Aleppo offensive (August–September 2016)">14th</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Latakia_offensive" title="2016 Latakia offensive">4th Latakia offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Abu_Kamal_offensive" title="2016 Abu Kamal offensive">1st Abu Kamal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_2016_Qamishli_bombings" title="July 2016 Qamishli bombings">3rd Qamishli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Atmeh_attack" title="2016 Atmeh attack">Atmeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_al-Rai_(August_2016)" title="Battle of al-Rai (August 2016)">al-Rai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_al-Hasakah_(2016)" title="Battle of al-Hasakah (2016)">3rd Al-Hasakah City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Euphrates_Shield" title="Operation Euphrates Shield">Operation Euphrates Shield</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northern_al-Bab_offensive_(September_2016)" title="Northern al-Bab offensive (September 2016)">Northern al-Bab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Dabiq_offensive" title="2016 Dabiq offensive">Dabiq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_al-Bab" title="Battle of al-Bab">al-Bab</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Hama_offensive" title="2016 Hama offensive">5th Hama offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_al-Bab_offensive_(September_2016)" title="Western al-Bab offensive (September 2016)">1st Western al-Bab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Qalamoun_offensive_(September%E2%80%93October_2016)" title="Eastern Qalamoun offensive (September–October 2016)">1st Eastern Qalamoun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5_September_2016_Syria_bombings" title="5 September 2016 Syria bombings">September bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quneitra_offensive_(September_2016)" title="Quneitra offensive (September 2016)">4th Quneitra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_2016_Deir_ez-Zor_air_raid" title="September 2016 Deir ez-Zor air raid">Deir ez-Zor airstrike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_2016_Urum_al-Kubra_aid_convoy_attack" title="September 2016 Urum al-Kubra aid convoy attack">Aleppo aid convoy attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleppo_offensive_(September%E2%80%93October_2016)" title="Aleppo offensive (September–October 2016)">15th Aleppo offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khan_al-Shih_offensive_(October%E2%80%93November_2016)" title="Khan al-Shih offensive (October–November 2016)">Khan al-Shih</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_2016_Idlib_Governorate_clashes" title="October 2016 Idlib Governorate clashes">1st Idlib inter-rebel conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_al-Bab_offensive_(October%E2%80%93November_2016)" title="Western al-Bab offensive (October–November 2016)">2nd Western al-Bab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleppo_offensive_(October%E2%80%93November_2016)" title="Aleppo offensive (October–November 2016)">16th Aleppo offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raqqa_campaign_(2016%E2%80%932017)" title="Raqqa campaign (2016–2017)">2nd Raqqa campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleppo_offensive_(November%E2%80%93December_2016)" title="Aleppo offensive (November–December 2016)">17th Aleppo offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palmyra_offensive_(December_2016)" title="Palmyra offensive (December 2016)">4th Palmyra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wadi_Barada_offensive_(2016%E2%80%932017)" title="Wadi Barada offensive (2016–2017)">Wadi Barada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Desert_campaign_(December_2016%E2%80%93April_2017)" title="Syrian Desert campaign (December 2016–April 2017)">1st Syrian Desert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_2017_Azaz_bombing" title="January 2017 Azaz bombing">Azaz bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palmyra_offensive_(2017)" title="Palmyra offensive (2017)">5th Palmyra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deir_ez-Zor_offensive_(January%E2%80%93February_2017)" title="Deir ez-Zor offensive (January–February 2017)">4th Deir ez-Zor offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Aleppo_offensive_(2017)" title="East Aleppo offensive (2017)">18th Aleppo offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idlib_Governorate_clashes_(January%E2%80%93March_2017)" title="Idlib Governorate clashes (January–March 2017)">2nd Idlib inter-rebel conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daraa_offensive_(February%E2%80%93June_2017)" title="Daraa offensive (February–June 2017)">7th Daraa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qaboun_offensive_(2017)" title="Qaboun offensive (2017)">Qaboun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southwestern_Daraa_offensive_(February_2017)" title="Southwestern Daraa offensive (February 2017)">8th Daraa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-vertical mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;margin:0;float:right;clear:right;width:25em;margin-bottom:0.5em;"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Campaignbox_Collapse_of_Islamic_State_in_Syria" title="Template:Campaignbox Collapse of Islamic State in Syria"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Campaignbox_Collapse_of_Islamic_State_in_Syria" title="Template talk:Campaignbox Collapse of Islamic State in Syria"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox_Collapse_of_Islamic_State_in_Syria" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox Collapse of Islamic State in Syria"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Collapse_of_ISIS_in_Syria_(2017)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Collapse of <a href="/wiki/ISIS" class="mw-redirect" title="ISIS">ISIS</a> in Syria (<a href="/wiki/2017_in_Syria" title="2017 in Syria">2017</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Homs_offensive_(2017)" title="Eastern Homs offensive (2017)">Eastern Homs offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_al-Jinah_airstrike" title="2017 al-Jinah airstrike">al-Jina mosque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hama_offensive_(March%E2%80%93April_2017)" title="Hama offensive (March–April 2017)">6th Hama offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tabqa" title="Battle of Tabqa">Tabqa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khan_Shaykhun_chemical_attack" title="Khan Shaykhun chemical attack">Khan Shaykhun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Shayrat_missile_strike" title="2017 Shayrat missile strike">US Shayrat strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Aleppo_suicide_car_bombing" title="2017 Aleppo suicide car bombing">Aleppo bus bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_2017_Turkish_airstrikes_in_Syria_and_Iraq" title="April 2017 Turkish airstrikes in Syria and Iraq">April 2017 Turkish airstrikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Ghouta_inter-rebel_conflict_(April%E2%80%93May_2017)" title="East Ghouta inter-rebel conflict (April–May 2017)">2nd East Ghouta inter-rebel conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Desert_campaign_(May%E2%80%93July_2017)" title="Syrian Desert campaign (May–July 2017)">2nd Syrian Desert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maskanah_Plains_offensive" title="Maskanah Plains offensive">Maskanah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Hama_offensive_(2017)" title="East Hama offensive (2017)">East Hama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Raqqa_(2017)" title="Battle of Raqqa (2017)">2nd Raqqa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daraa_offensive_(June_2017)" title="Daraa offensive (June 2017)">9th Daraa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Southern_Raqqa_offensive" title="2017 Southern Raqqa offensive">Southern Raqqa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Laylat_al-Qadr" title="Operation Laylat al-Qadr">Iranian Deir ez-Zor strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ja%27Din_shootdown_incident" title="Ja'Din shootdown incident">Ja'din</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Jobar_offensive" title="2017 Jobar offensive">Jobar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quneitra_offensive_(June_2017)" title="Quneitra offensive (June 2017)">5th Quneitra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Syria_campaign" title="Central Syria campaign">Central Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idlib_Governorate_clashes_(July_2017)" title="Idlib Governorate clashes (July 2017)">3rd Idlib inter-rebel conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qalamoun_offensive_(2017)" title="Qalamoun offensive (2017)">4th Qalamoun</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Deir ez-Zor (2017–2019)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Syria_campaign_(September%E2%80%93December_2017)" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Syria campaign (September–December 2017)">2nd Eastern Syria</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deir_ez-Zor_offensive_(September%E2%80%93November_2017)" title="Deir ez-Zor offensive (September–November 2017)">Deir ez-Zor city</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euphrates_Crossing_offensive_(2017)" title="Euphrates Crossing offensive (2017)">Euphrates Crossing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Mayadin_offensive" title="2017 Mayadin offensive">Mayadin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Abu_Kamal_offensive" title="2017 Abu Kamal offensive">2nd Abu Kamal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hama_offensive_(September_2017)" title="Hama offensive (September 2017)">7th Hama offensive</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-vertical mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;margin:0;float:right;clear:right;width:25em;margin-bottom:0.5em;"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Campaignbox_Idlib_escalation_period_in_the_Syrian_Civil_War" title="Template:Campaignbox Idlib escalation period in the Syrian Civil War"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Campaignbox_Idlib_escalation_period_in_the_Syrian_Civil_War" title="Template talk:Campaignbox Idlib escalation period in the Syrian Civil War"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox_Idlib_escalation_period_in_the_Syrian_Civil_War" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox Idlib escalation period in the Syrian Civil War"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Rebels_in_retreat_and_Operation_Olive_Branch(Nov._2017_–_Sep._2018)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Rebels in retreat and <a href="/wiki/Operation_Olive_Branch" title="Operation Olive Branch">Operation Olive Branch</a> (Nov. 2017 – Sep. 2018)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northwestern_Syria_campaign_(October_2017%E2%80%93February_2018)" title="Northwestern Syria campaign (October 2017–February 2018)">3rd Northwestern Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Syria_insurgency" title="Eastern Syria insurgency">Eastern Syria insurgency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atarib_market_massacre" title="Atarib market massacre">Atarib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Harasta_(2017%E2%80%932018)" title="Battle of Harasta (2017–2018)">Harasta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beit_Jinn_offensive" title="Beit Jinn offensive">Beit Jinn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Desert_campaign_(December_2017%E2%80%93present)" title="Syrian Desert campaign (December 2017–present)">3rd Syrian Desert</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deir_ez-Zor_offensive_(2018)" title="Deir ez-Zor offensive (2018)">5th Deir ez-Zor offensive</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Damascus_offensive_(January%E2%80%93February_2018)" title="Southern Damascus offensive (January–February 2018)">1st Southern Damascus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Olive_Branch" title="Operation Olive Branch">Olive Branch</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afrin_offensive_(January%E2%80%93March_2018)" title="Afrin offensive (January–March 2018)">Afrin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SDF_insurgency_in_Northern_Aleppo" class="mw-redirect" title="SDF insurgency in Northern Aleppo">SDF insurgency</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Khasham" title="Battle of Khasham">Khasham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_2018_Israel%E2%80%93Syria_incident" title="February 2018 Israel–Syria incident">Feb 2018 Israel–Syria incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rif_Dimashq_offensive_(February%E2%80%93April_2018)" title="Rif Dimashq offensive (February–April 2018)">10th Rif Dimashq</a> (<a href="/wiki/Douma_chemical_attack" title="Douma chemical attack">Douma</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Liberation_Front%E2%80%93Tahrir_al-Sham_conflict" title="Syrian Liberation Front–Tahrir al-Sham conflict">4th Idlib inter-rebel conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Damascus_offensive_(March_2018)" title="Southern Damascus offensive (March 2018)">2nd Southern Damascus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_2018_missile_strikes_against_Syria" title="April 2018 missile strikes against Syria">U.S.-led missile strikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Homs_offensive_(April%E2%80%93May_2018)" title="Northern Homs offensive (April–May 2018)">Northern Homs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Qalamoun_offensive_(April_2018)" title="Eastern Qalamoun offensive (April 2018)">2nd Eastern Qalamoun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Damascus_offensive_(April%E2%80%93May_2018)" title="Southern Damascus offensive (April–May 2018)">3rd Southern Damascus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deir_ez-Zor_Governorate_clashes" title="Deir ez-Zor Governorate clashes">Deir ez-Zor SAA-SDF clashes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_House_of_Cards" title="Operation House of Cards">House of Cards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/As-Suwayda_offensive_(June_2018)" title="As-Suwayda offensive (June 2018)">1st As-Suwayda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Southern_Syria_offensive" title="2018 Southern Syria offensive">2nd Southern Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_As-Suwayda_attacks" title="2018 As-Suwayda attacks">2nd As-Suwayda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/As-Suwayda_offensive_(August%E2%80%93November_2018)" title="As-Suwayda offensive (August–November 2018)">3rd As-Suwayda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qamishli_clashes_(2018)" title="Qamishli clashes (2018)">2nd Qamishli</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-vertical mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;margin:0;float:right;clear:right;width:25em;margin-bottom:0.5em;"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Campaignbox_Idlib_demilitarization_and_frozen_conflict" title="Template:Campaignbox Idlib demilitarization and frozen conflict"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Campaignbox_Idlib_demilitarization_and_frozen_conflict" title="Template talk:Campaignbox Idlib demilitarization and frozen conflict"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox_Idlib_demilitarization_and_frozen_conflict" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox Idlib demilitarization and frozen conflict"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Idlib_demilitarization(Sep._2018_–_April_2019)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Idlib_demilitarization_(2018%E2%80%932019)" title="Idlib demilitarization (2018–2019)">Idlib demilitarization</a> (Sep. 2018 – April 2019)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Idlib_demilitarization_(2018%E2%80%932019)" title="Idlib demilitarization (2018–2019)">Idlib demilitarization</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Front_for_Liberation%E2%80%93Tahrir_al-Sham_conflict" title="National Front for Liberation–Tahrir al-Sham conflict">5th Idlib inter-rebel conflict</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syria_missile_strikes_(September_2018)" title="Syria missile strikes (September 2018)">Sep. 2018 missile strikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahvaz_military_parade_attack#Retaliatory_missile_and_drone_strikes" title="Ahvaz military parade attack">Iranian Eastern Euphrates strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Syrian-Turkish_border_clashes" class="mw-redirect" title="2018 Syrian-Turkish border clashes">Northern border clashes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daraa_insurgency" title="Daraa insurgency">Daraa insurgency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Manbij_bombing" title="2019 Manbij bombing">Manbij bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Baghuz_Fawqani" title="Battle of Baghuz Fawqani">Baghuz Fawqani</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2019_U.S._airstrike_in_Baghuz" title="2019 U.S. airstrike in Baghuz">U.S. airstrike</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-vertical mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;margin:0;float:right;clear:right;width:25em;margin-bottom:0.5em;"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Campaignbox_Failure_of_the_demilitarization_and_renewed_fighting" title="Template:Campaignbox Failure of the demilitarization and renewed fighting"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Campaignbox_Failure_of_the_demilitarization_and_renewed_fighting" title="Template talk:Campaignbox Failure of the demilitarization and renewed fighting"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox_Failure_of_the_demilitarization_and_renewed_fighting" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox Failure of the demilitarization and renewed fighting"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="First_Idlib_offensive,_Operation_Peace_Spring,_&amp;_Second_Idlib_offensive_(April_2019_–_March_2020)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Northwestern_Syria_offensive_(April%E2%80%93August_2019)" title="Northwestern Syria offensive (April–August 2019)">First Idlib offensive</a>, <a href="/wiki/2019_Turkish_offensive_into_north-eastern_Syria" title="2019 Turkish offensive into north-eastern Syria">Operation Peace Spring</a>, & <a href="/wiki/Northwestern_Syria_offensive_(December_2019%E2%80%93March_2020)" title="Northwestern Syria offensive (December 2019–March 2020)">Second Idlib offensive</a> (April 2019 – March 2020)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northwestern_Syria_offensive_(April%E2%80%93August_2019)" title="Northwestern Syria offensive (April–August 2019)">4th Northwestern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Tell_Rifaat_clashes" title="2019 Tell Rifaat clashes">Tell Rifaat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_2019_Syria_bombings" title="June 2019 Syria bombings">Raqqa & Azaz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hass_refugee_camp_bombing" title="Hass refugee camp bombing">Hass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syria_missile_strikes_(August_2019)" title="Syria missile strikes (August 2019)">2nd Israeli missile strikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Turkish_offensive_into_north-eastern_Syria" title="2019 Turkish offensive into north-eastern Syria">Peace Spring</a> (<a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ras_al-Ayn_(2019)" title="Battle of Ras al-Ayn (2019)">2nd Ras al-Ayn</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Abu_Bakr_al-Baghdadi" title="Death of Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi">Kayla Mueller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_2019_Syria_bombings" title="November 2019 Syria bombings">Northern bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_2019_Israeli_missile_strikes_in_Syria" title="November 2019 Israeli missile strikes in Syria">3rd Israeli missile strikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qah_missile_strike" title="Qah missile strike">Qah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northwestern_Syria_offensive_(December_2019%E2%80%93March_2020)" title="Northwestern Syria offensive (December 2019–March 2020)">5th Northwestern</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2020_Balyun_airstrikes" title="2020 Balyun airstrikes">Balyun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Spring_Shield" title="Operation Spring Shield">Spring Shield</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_2019_United_States_airstrikes_in_Iraq_and_Syria" title="December 2019 United States airstrikes in Iraq and Syria">2nd U.S. missile strikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_2020_Daraa_clashes" title="March 2020 Daraa clashes">10th Daraa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-vertical mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;margin:0;float:right;clear:right;width:25em;margin-bottom:0.5em;"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Campaignbox_Idlib_ceasefire" title="Template:Campaignbox Idlib ceasefire"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Campaignbox_Idlib_ceasefire" title="Template talk:Campaignbox Idlib ceasefire"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox_Idlib_ceasefire" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox Idlib ceasefire"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Idlib_ceasefire_(March_2020_–_present)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Idlib ceasefire (March 2020 – present)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Idlib_Governorate_clashes_(June_2020)" title="Idlib Governorate clashes (June 2020)">6th Idlib inter-rebel conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020%E2%80%932021_Ayn_Issa_clashes" title="2020–2021 Ayn Issa clashes">Ayn Issa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Qamishli_and_Al-Hasakah" title="Siege of Qamishli and Al-Hasakah">Qamishli & Al-Hasakah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syria_missile_strikes_(January_2021)" title="Syria missile strikes (January 2021)">4th Israeli missile strikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Qamishli_(2021)" title="Battle of Qamishli (2021)">3rd Qamishli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Daraa_offensive" title="2021 Daraa offensive">11th Daraa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tahrir_al-Sham%E2%80%93Junud_al-Sham_conflict" title="Tahrir al-Sham–Junud al-Sham conflict">7th Idlib inter-rebel conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_al-Hasakah_(2022)" title="Battle of al-Hasakah (2022)">3rd Al-Hasakah city</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Ahrar_al-Sham%E2%80%93Levant_Front_clashes" title="2022 Ahrar al-Sham–Levant Front clashes">1st Aleppo inter-rebel conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Jabal_al-Bishr%C4%AB_clashes" title="2022 Jabal al-Bishrī clashes">Jabal al-Bishrī</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Aleppo_clashes_(October_2022)" title="Northern Aleppo clashes (October 2022)">2nd Aleppo inter-rebel conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Claw-Sword" title="Operation Claw-Sword">Claw-Sword</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northwestern_Syria_clashes_(December_2022%E2%80%93present)" title="Northwestern Syria clashes (December 2022–present)">Northwestern clashes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_2023_northeastern_Syria_clashes" title="March 2023 northeastern Syria clashes">3rd U.S. missile strikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_2023_Northeastern_Syria_clashes" title="June 2023 Northeastern Syria clashes">2nd Northern clashes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deir_ez-Zor_clashes_(2023)" title="Deir ez-Zor clashes (2023)">Deir ez-Zor (2023)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_2023_Northern_Syria_clashes" title="October 2023 Northern Syria clashes">3rd Northern clashes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Homs_drone_strike" title="2023 Homs drone strike">Homs drone strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel-Hezbollah_conflict_(2023%E2%80%93present)" class="mw-redirect" title="Israel-Hezbollah conflict (2023–present)">Israel–Hezbollah conflict</a> (<a href="/wiki/Iranian_consulate_airstrike_in_Damascus" class="mw-redirect" title="Iranian consulate airstrike in Damascus">Iranian consulate airstrike</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_2024_United_States_airstrikes_in_Iraq_and_Syria" title="February 2024 United States airstrikes in Iraq and Syria">February 2024 airstrikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_anti-Turkish_riots_in_Syria" title="2024 anti-Turkish riots in Syria">Anti-Turkish riots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northwestern_Aleppo_offensive_(2024)" title="Northwestern Aleppo offensive (2024)">Northwestern Aleppo offensive (2024)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-vertical mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;margin:0;float:right;clear:right;width:25em;margin-bottom:0.5em;"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Campaignbox_Spillover_of_the_Syrian_Civil_War" title="Template:Campaignbox Spillover of the Syrian Civil War"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Campaignbox_Spillover_of_the_Syrian_Civil_War" title="Template talk:Campaignbox Spillover of the Syrian Civil War"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox_Spillover_of_the_Syrian_Civil_War" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox Spillover of the Syrian Civil War"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Syrian_War_spillover_and_international_incidents" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Spillover_of_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Spillover of the Syrian civil war">Syrian War spillover and international incidents</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_civil_war_spillover_in_Lebanon" title="Syrian civil war spillover in Lebanon">Lebanon spillover</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lebanon%E2%80%93Syria_border_clashes" title="Lebanon–Syria border clashes">Lebanese–Syrian border</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_Sidon_clash" title="2013 Sidon clash">Sidon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_Iranian_embassy_bombing_in_Beirut" title="2013 Iranian embassy bombing in Beirut">Iranian embassy bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Lebanon_clashes_(2014)" title="North Lebanon clashes (2014)">North Lebanon clashes</a></li></ul></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Syrian%E2%80%93Turkish_border_clashes_during_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Syrian–Turkish border clashes during the Syrian civil war">Syrian–Turkish border incidents</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2012_Turkish_F-4_Phantom_shootdown" title="2012 Turkish F-4 Phantom shootdown">Turkish F4 shootdown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_Reyhanl%C4%B1_car_bombings" title="2013 Reyhanlı car bombings">Reyhanlı bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_occupation_of_northern_Syria" title="Turkish occupation of northern Syria">Turkish occupation of northern Syria</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Koban%C3%AE_protests" title="2014 Kobanî protests">Kurdish riots</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jordanian%E2%80%93Syrian_border_incidents_during_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Jordanian–Syrian border incidents during the Syrian civil war">Jordanian–Syrian border incidents</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Israeli%E2%80%93Syrian_ceasefire_line_incidents_during_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Israeli–Syrian ceasefire line incidents during the Syrian civil war">Israeli–Syrian ceasefire line</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/February_2018_Israel%E2%80%93Syria_incident" title="February 2018 Israel–Syria incident">February 2018 incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_House_of_Cards" title="Operation House of Cards">May 2018 incident</a></li></ul></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/War_in_Iraq_(2013%E2%80%932017)" title="War in Iraq (2013–2017)">Iraqi–Syrian border incidents</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akashat_ambush" title="Akashat ambush">Akashat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_al-Shabah" title="Operation al-Shabah">al-Shabah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Nineveh_offensive_(2017)" title="Western Nineveh offensive (2017)">Western Nineveh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Western_Iraq_campaign" title="2017 Western Iraq campaign">Western Iraq</a></li></ul></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li>Spillover in Iran <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2017_Tehran_attacks" title="2017 Tehran attacks">2017 Tehran attacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Laylat_al-Qadr" title="Operation Laylat al-Qadr">2017 Deir ez-Zor missile strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Erbil_attack" class="mw-redirect" title="2024 Erbil attack">2024 Iranian airstrikes in Syria</a></li></ul></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Turkey%E2%80%93Islamic_State_conflict" title="Turkey–Islamic State conflict">Spillover in Turkey</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2015_Russian_Sukhoi_Su-24_shootdown" title="2015 Russian Sukhoi Su-24 shootdown">Russian Su-24 shootdown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Andrei_Karlov" title="Assassination of Andrei Karlov">Andrei Karlov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Balyun_airstrikes" title="2020 Balyun airstrikes">Balyun airstrikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Kafr_Takharim_airstrike" title="2020 Kafr Takharim airstrike">Kafr Takharim airstrikes</a></li></ul></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_proxy_conflict" title="Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict">Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict</a></li></ul> <hr /> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_terrorism_in_Europe" title="Islamic terrorism in Europe">Spillover in Europe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-vertical mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;margin:0;float:right;clear:right;width:25em;margin-bottom:0.5em;"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Campaignbox_Foreign_involvement_in_the_Syrian_Civil_War" title="Template:Campaignbox Foreign involvement in the Syrian Civil War"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Campaignbox_Foreign_involvement_in_the_Syrian_Civil_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Template talk:Campaignbox Foreign involvement in the Syrian Civil War"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox_Foreign_involvement_in_the_Syrian_Civil_War" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox Foreign involvement in the Syrian Civil War"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Foreign_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Foreign_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Foreign involvement in the Syrian civil war">Foreign involvement in the Syrian civil war</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">Foreign intervention on behalf of Syrian Arab Republic <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russian_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Russian involvement in the Syrian civil war">Russian involvement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_intervention_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Iranian intervention in the Syrian civil war">Iranian intervention</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Laylat_al-Qadr" title="Operation Laylat al-Qadr">2017 missile strike</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hezbollah_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Hezbollah involvement in the Syrian civil war">2012 Hezbollah involvement</a></li></ul> Foreign intervention in behalf of Syrian rebels <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_fighters_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Foreign fighters in the Syrian civil war">Foreign rebel fighters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Turkish involvement in the Syrian civil war">Turkish involvement</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Turkey%E2%80%93Islamic_State_conflict" title="Turkey–Islamic State conflict">Turkey–Islamic State conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomb_of_Suleyman_Shah#Events_during_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Tomb of Suleyman Shah">Tomb of Suleyman Shah relocation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Euphrates_Shield" title="Operation Euphrates Shield">Euphrates Shield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_2017_Turkish_airstrikes_in_Syria_and_Iraq" title="April 2017 Turkish airstrikes in Syria and Iraq">2017 airstrikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_military_operation_in_Idlib_Governorate" title="Turkish military operation in Idlib Governorate">Idlib Governorate operation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Olive_Branch" title="Operation Olive Branch">Afrin operation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Turkish_offensive_into_north-eastern_Syria" title="2019 Turkish offensive into north-eastern Syria">2019 Turkish offensive into north-eastern Syria</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel_and_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Israel and the Syrian civil war">Israel's role</a></li></ul> U.S.-led intervention against ISIL <ul><li><a href="/wiki/US_intervention_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="US intervention in the Syrian civil war">US intervention</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_US_intervention_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Timeline of US intervention in the Syrian civil war">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_attacks_on_Syria_during_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="List of United States attacks on Syria during the Syrian civil war">List of attacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_American_rescue_mission_in_Syria" title="2014 American rescue mission in Syria">2014 rescue operation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_2015_U.S._special_forces_raid_in_Syria" title="May 2015 U.S. special forces raid in Syria">May 2015 raid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Shayrat_missile_strike" title="2017 Shayrat missile strike">2017 missile strikes</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qatari_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Qatari involvement in the Syrian civil war">Qatari involvement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordanian_intervention_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Jordanian intervention in the Syrian civil war">Jordanian intervention</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Martyr_Muath" title="Operation Martyr Muath">Operation Martyr Muath</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebanon%27s_role_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" class="mw-redirect" title="Lebanon's role in the Syrian civil war">Lebanon's role</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saudi_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Saudi involvement in the Syrian civil war">Saudi involvement</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/April_2018_missile_strikes_against_Syria" title="April 2018 missile strikes against Syria">April 2018 missile strikes</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Dutch involvement in the Syrian civil war">Dutch involvement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_intervention_against_the_Islamic_State" title="German intervention against the Islamic State">German intervention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Op%C3%A9ration_Chammal" title="Opération Chammal">French intervention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Okra" title="Operation Okra">Australian intervention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Shader" title="Operation Shader">UK intervention</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Rojava_conflict(Syrian_civil_war)" style="margin:0;float:right;clear:right;width:25.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;margin-left:1em;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks navbox-vertical mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Campaignbox_Rojava_Revolution" title="Template:Campaignbox Rojava Revolution"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Campaignbox_Rojava_Revolution" title="Template talk:Campaignbox Rojava Revolution"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox_Rojava_Revolution" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox Rojava Revolution"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Rojava_conflict(Syrian_civil_war)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Rojava_conflict" title="Rojava conflict">Rojava conflict</a> (<a href="/wiki/Syrian_civil_war" title="Syrian civil war">Syrian civil war</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">2012 <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Aleppo_Governorate_clashes" title="2012 Aleppo Governorate clashes">1st Aleppo</a></li> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ras_al-Ayn_(2012%E2%80%9313)" title="Battle of Ras al-Ayn (2012–13)">1st Ras al-Ayn</a></li></ul> 2013 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rojava%E2%80%93Islamist_conflict" title="Rojava–Islamist conflict">Kurdish–Islamist conflict</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tell_Abyad_(2013)" title="Battle of Tell Abyad (2013)">1st Tell Abyad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_al-Yaarubiyah" title="Battle of al-Yaarubiyah">al-Yaarubiyah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tell_Hamis_and_Tell_Brak_(December_2013%E2%80%93January_2014)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Tell Hamis and Tell Brak (December 2013–January 2014)">1st Tell Hamis and Tell Brak</a></li></ul></li></ul> 2014 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Koban%C3%AE" title="Siege of Kobanî">1st Kobanî</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American-led_intervention_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" class="mw-redirect" title="American-led intervention in the Syrian civil war">American-led intervention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Koban%C3%AE_protests" title="2014 Kobanî protests">Kurdish riots</a></li></ul> 2015 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_al-Hasakah_offensive" title="Eastern al-Hasakah offensive">Eastern al-Hasakah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sarrin_(March%E2%80%93April_2015)" title="Battle of Sarrin (March–April 2015)">1st Sarrin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_al-Hasakah_offensive" title="Western al-Hasakah offensive">Western al-Hasakah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Hasakah_city_offensive" title="Al-Hasakah city offensive">1st al-Hasakah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tell_Abyad_offensive" title="Tell Abyad offensive">2nd Tell Abyad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sarrin_(June%E2%80%93July_2015)" title="Battle of Sarrin (June–July 2015)">2nd Sarrin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_al-Hasakah_(2015)" title="Battle of al-Hasakah (2015)">2nd al-Hasakah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koban%C3%AE_massacre" title="Kobanî massacre">2nd Kobani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_al-Hawl_offensive" title="2015 al-Hawl offensive">Al-Hawl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Democratic_Forces#Reported_internal_conflict_between_SDF_factions" title="Syrian Democratic Forces">Inner-SDF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tishrin_Dam_offensive" title="Tishrin Dam offensive">Tishrin Dam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Qamishli_bombings" title="2015 Qamishli bombings">1st al-Qamishli</a></li></ul> 2016 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2015_Qamishli_bombings" title="2015 Qamishli bombings">Wusta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Shaddadi_offensive_(2016)" title="Al-Shaddadi offensive (2016)">Al-Shaddadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Aleppo_offensive_(February_2016)" title="Northern Aleppo offensive (February 2016)">7th Aleppo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tell_Abyad_(2016)" title="Battle of Tell Abyad (2016)">3rd Tell Abyad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Qamishli_(2016)" title="Battle of Qamishli (2016)">2nd al-Qamishli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Raqqa_offensive" title="Northern Raqqa offensive">Northern Raqqa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manbij_offensive" title="Manbij offensive">Manbij</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_2016_Qamishli_bombings" title="July 2016 Qamishli bombings">3rd al-Qamishli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_al-Hasakah_(2016)" title="Battle of al-Hasakah (2016)">3rd al-Hasakah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Euphrates_Shield" title="Operation Euphrates Shield">Euphrates Shield</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Western_al-Bab_offensive_(September_2016)" title="Western al-Bab offensive (September 2016)">1st Western al-Bab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_al-Bab_offensive_(October%E2%80%93November_2016)" title="Western al-Bab offensive (October–November 2016)">2nd Western al-Bab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_al-Bab" title="Battle of al-Bab">al-Bab</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raqqa_campaign_(2016%E2%80%932017)" title="Raqqa campaign (2016–2017)">Raqqa</a></li></ul> 2017 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tabqa" title="Battle of Tabqa">Tabqa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_2017_Turkish_airstrikes_in_Syria_and_Iraq" title="April 2017 Turkish airstrikes in Syria and Iraq">Turkish airstrikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Raqqa_(2017)" title="Battle of Raqqa (2017)">Raqqa City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ja%27Din_shootdown_incident" title="Ja'Din shootdown incident">Ja'Din</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">1st Deir ez-Zor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Syria_insurgency" title="Eastern Syria insurgency">Eastern insurgency</a></li></ul> 2018 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Olive_Branch" title="Operation Olive Branch">Olive Branch</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afrin_offensive_(January%E2%80%93March_2018)" title="Afrin offensive (January–March 2018)">Afrin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SDF_insurgency_in_Northern_Aleppo" class="mw-redirect" title="SDF insurgency in Northern Aleppo">Northern Aleppo insurgency</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qamishli_clashes_(2018)" title="Qamishli clashes (2018)">4th al-Qamishli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Syrian-Turkish_border_clashes" class="mw-redirect" title="2018 Syrian-Turkish border clashes">Northern border clashes</a></li></ul> 2019 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2019_Manbij_bombing" title="2019 Manbij bombing">2nd Manbij</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Baghuz_Fawqani" title="Battle of Baghuz Fawqani">Baghuz Fawqani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Tell_Rifaat_clashes" title="2019 Tell Rifaat clashes">Tell Rifaat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Turkish_offensive_into_north-eastern_Syria" title="2019 Turkish offensive into north-eastern Syria">Rojava offensive</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ras_al-Ayn_(2019)" title="Battle of Ras al-Ayn (2019)">2nd Ras al-Ayn</a></li></ul></li></ul> 2020 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2020%E2%80%932021_Ayn_Issa_clashes" title="2020–2021 Ayn Issa clashes">2020–2021 Ayn Issa clashes</a></li></ul> 2021 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Qamishli_and_Al-Hasakah" title="Siege of Qamishli and Al-Hasakah">5th al-Qamishli & 4th al-Hasakah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Qamishli_(2021)" title="Battle of Qamishli (2021)">6th al-Qamishli</a></li></ul> 2022 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_al-Hasakah_(2022)" title="Battle of al-Hasakah (2022)">5th al-Hasakah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Claw-Sword" title="Operation Claw-Sword">Claw-Sword</a></li></ul> 2023 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/June_2023_Northeastern_Syria_clashes" title="June 2023 Northeastern Syria clashes">Turkish Airstrikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deir_ez-Zor_clashes_(2023)" title="Deir ez-Zor clashes (2023)">2nd Deir ez-Zor</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></div> The Deir ez-Zor campaign,<a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a> codenamed the al-Jazeera Storm campaign,<a href="#cite_note-tempest-40">[40]</a> was a military operation launched by the <a href="/wiki/Syrian_Democratic_Forces" title="Syrian Democratic Forces">Syrian Democratic Forces</a> (SDF) against the <a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_of_Iraq_and_the_Levant" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant">Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant</a> (ISIL) in <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Deir_ez-Zor_Governorate" title="Deir ez-Zor Governorate">Deir ez-Zor Governorate</a> in 2017 during the <a href="/wiki/Syrian_Civil_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Syrian Civil War">Syrian Civil War</a> with the goal of capturing territory in eastern Syria, particularly east and north of the <a href="/wiki/Euphrates" title="Euphrates">Euphrates</a> river.<a href="#cite_note-tempest-40">[40]</a> The <a href="/wiki/American-led_intervention_in_the_Syrian_Civil_War" class="mw-redirect" title="American-led intervention in the Syrian Civil War">U.S.-led</a> <a href="/wiki/Combined_Joint_Task_Force_%E2%80%93_Operation_Inherent_Resolve" title="Combined Joint Task Force – Operation Inherent Resolve">Combined Joint Task Force – Operation Inherent Resolve</a> (CJTF–OIR) anti-ISIL coalition provided extensive air support while SDF personnel composed the majority of the ground forces; OIR special forces and artillery units were also involved in the campaign.<a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a> The ground campaign stalled and was paused in early 2018 due to the <a href="/wiki/Afrin_offensive_(January%E2%80%93March_2018)" title="Afrin offensive (January–March 2018)">Turkish military operation in Afrin</a>, but resumed on 1 May 2018 with the new phase named by the coalition as Operation Roundup.<a href="#cite_note-auto1-73">[73]</a><a href="#cite_note-resume-5">[5]</a> The third phase began on 10 September 2018 but was halted due to <a href="/wiki/2018_northern_Syria_border_clashes" class="mw-redirect" title="2018 northern Syria border clashes">Turkish artillery attacks</a> on SDF positions near the <a href="/wiki/Syria-Turkey_border" class="mw-redirect" title="Syria-Turkey border">Syria-Turkey border</a> on 31 October. The SDF and the coalition announced the resumption of the offensive on 11 November.<a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a> After a series of steady successes following the capture of ISIL's <a href="/wiki/Hajin" title="Hajin">Hajin</a> stronghold, and a ten-day pause for civilian evacuations, the SDF launched its <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Baghuz_Fawqani" title="Battle of Baghuz Fawqani">final assault</a> on ISIL's final pocket of territory on 9 February 2019<a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a> and declared victory on 23 March, concluding the campaign. The first phase of the campaign was concurrent with another SDF operation, the <a href="/wiki/Raqqa_campaign_(2016%E2%80%932017)" title="Raqqa campaign (2016–2017)">Raqqa campaign</a> conducted against <a href="/wiki/Raqqa" title="Raqqa">Raqqa</a>, ISIL's then-capital city and main stronghold in Syria, as well as the <a href="/wiki/Central_Syria_campaign" title="Central Syria campaign">Central Syria campaign</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Syria_campaign_(September%E2%80%93December_2017)" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Syria campaign (September–December 2017)">Eastern Syria campaign</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Syrian_Desert_campaign_(December_2017%E2%80%93present)" title="Syrian Desert campaign (December 2017–present)">Syrian Desert campaign</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Deir_ez-Zor_offensive_(September%E2%80%93November_2017)" title="Deir ez-Zor offensive (September–November 2017)">Deir ez-Zor offensive</a>, in which the <a href="/wiki/Syrian_Army" title="Syrian Army">Syrian Army</a> (SAA) was also capturing territory from the Islamic State; the <a href="/wiki/Iraqi_Armed_Forces" title="Iraqi Armed Forces">Iraqi Army</a>'s <a href="/wiki/2017_Western_Iraq_campaign" title="2017 Western Iraq campaign">Western Iraq campaign</a> against ISIL was also underway. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Prelude">Prelude</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Deir_ez-Zor_campaign_(2017%E2%80%932019)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Prelude">edit</a>]</div> On 25 August 2017, around 800 fighters from the <a href="/wiki/Elite_Forces_(Syria)" class="mw-redirect" title="Elite Forces (Syria)">Syrian Elite Forces</a> defected to the SDF's <a href="/wiki/Deir_ez-Zor_Military_Council" title="Deir ez-Zor Military Council">Deir ez-Zor Military Council</a>. On the same day, Ahmad Abu Khawla, commander of the Deir ez-Zor Military Council, announced that it would launch an offensive north of <a href="/wiki/Deir_ez-Zor" title="Deir ez-Zor">Deir ez-Zor</a> within several weeks.<a href="#cite_note-soon-20">[20]</a> Just before the start of the offensive, the SDF received a large amount of new weaponry and ammunition from the U.S.-led <a href="/wiki/Combined_Joint_Task_Force_%E2%80%93_Operation_Inherent_Resolve" title="Combined Joint Task Force – Operation Inherent Resolve">CJTF–OIR</a> Coalition.<a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="The_campaign">The campaign</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Deir_ez-Zor_campaign_(2017%E2%80%932019)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: The campaign">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Initial_phase">Initial phase</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Deir_ez-Zor_campaign_(2017%E2%80%932019)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Initial phase">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Syrian_Democratic_Forces_announce_Deir_ez-Zor_offensive.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Syrian_Democratic_Forces_announce_Deir_ez-Zor_offensive.jpg/250px-Syrian_Democratic_Forces_announce_Deir_ez-Zor_offensive.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Syrian_Democratic_Forces_announce_Deir_ez-Zor_offensive.jpg/375px-Syrian_Democratic_Forces_announce_Deir_ez-Zor_offensive.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Syrian_Democratic_Forces_announce_Deir_ez-Zor_offensive.jpg/500px-Syrian_Democratic_Forces_announce_Deir_ez-Zor_offensive.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="720" /></a><figcaption>The SDF officially announcing the campaign, 9 September 2017</figcaption></figure> The SDF launched their ground operation on 8 September 2017 by attacking ISIL-held villages in the northern Deir ez-Zor countryside;<a href="#cite_note-race-77">[77]</a><a href="#cite_note-days-78">[78]</a> on the next day, the campaign was officially announced in the <a href="/wiki/Al-Shaddadah_Subdistrict" title="Al-Shaddadah Subdistrict">al-Shaddadah Subdistrict</a>, with the stated aim of expelling ISIL from all areas north and east of the Euphrates river.<a href="#cite_note-tempest-40">[40]</a><a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a> During the course of the next two days, the SDF rapidly advanced and captured numerous villages.<a href="#cite_note-race-77">[77]</a><a href="#cite_note-days-78">[78]</a><a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a> According to pro-<a href="/wiki/Syrian_opposition" title="Syrian opposition">Syrian opposition</a> media, this quick initial progress was due to ISIL forces retreating from areas that were difficult to defend in the face of heavy CJTF–OIR coalition airstrikes.<a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a> On 10 September 2017, the SDF fought its way into the fortified 'Industrial City', directly north of Deir ez-Zor city, while capturing more nearby villages.<a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a><a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a> On 12 and 13 September, the SDF captured several locations at Deir ez-Zor's northern entrance (including the former Brigade 113 and al-Niran Battalion bases, the Sadkob station and part of the sheep market)<a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a> as well as the silos and cotton storages in the Industrial City. Anti-ISIL forces also made further progress in the desert north of Deir ez-Zor, where it advanced 60 km.<a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a><a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a><a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a> Despite these successes for the SDF, ISIL began offering stiffer resistance and began launching repeated counterattacks supported by <a href="/wiki/Car_bomb" title="Car bomb">VBIEDs</a> in an attempt to stall the offensive and/or recapture territory.<a href="#cite_note-start-53">[53]</a> Meanwhile, the SDF leadership stated that their forces would not attack <a href="/wiki/Syrian_Army" title="Syrian Army">Syrian government troops</a>, which were simultaneously battling ISIL on the west side of the Euphrates.<a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a> However, on 15 September, Ahmad Abu Khawla stated that the SDF would not allow Syrian government forces to cross the Euphrates.<a href="#cite_note-89">[89]</a> The next day, reportedly Syrian or <a href="/wiki/Russian_intervention_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Russian intervention in the Syrian civil war">Russian</a> aircraft bombed SDF positions on the eastern bank of the Euphrates, injuring six SDF fighters.<a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a> In response, CJTF–OIR stated that while they were putting their "full efforts into preventing unnecessary escalation among forces that share ISIS as our common enemy", "Coalition forces and partners always retain the right of self-defense".<a href="#cite_note-91">[91]</a> In this context, <a href="/wiki/Institute_for_the_Study_of_War" title="Institute for the Study of War">Institute for the Study of War</a> expert Chris Kozak said that neither <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> nor the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> had an interest in escalating a conflict between themselves. "The real threat [is instead] that the partner forces on the ground – the SAA and the SDF – come close [to confrontation] before the US and Russia can slow them down." The Syrian government and the SDF were rivals in the <a href="/wiki/Deir_ez-Zor_Governorate" title="Deir ez-Zor Governorate">Deir ez-Zor Governorate</a>, as both sides wanted to capture the region's natural resources (most importantly its oil fields).<a href="#cite_note-92">[92]</a> On 17 September, the SDF captured a textile factory and a roundabout 7 km from Deir ez-Zor city.<a href="#cite_note-93">[93]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Opening_of_a_second_front">Opening of a second front</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Deir_ez-Zor_campaign_(2017%E2%80%932019)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Opening of a second front">edit</a>]</div> On 20 September, the SDF opened a second front against ISIL east of Deir ez-Zor, near the <a href="/wiki/Iraq%E2%80%93Syria_border" title="Iraq–Syria border">border</a> with <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a>,<a href="#cite_note-94">[94]</a> and seized six villages alongside the M7 highway in quick order, advancing towards the oil-rich eastern countryside of Deir ez-Zor.<a href="#cite_note-95">[95]</a><a href="#cite_note-96">[96]</a> On 21 September, Russia warned it would attack SDF fighters if provoked.<a href="#cite_note-97">[97]</a> As a response to the SDF advances, ISIL began to launch raids into SDF-held areas in southern <a href="/wiki/Al-Hasakah_Governorate" title="Al-Hasakah Governorate">al-Hasakah Governorate</a>, reportedly ambushing and killing several SDF fighters on 21<a href="#cite_note-98">[98]</a> and 24 September.<a href="#cite_note-99">[99]</a><a href="#cite_note-100">[100]</a> ISIL counterattacks did little to impede the SDF offensive, however, with the SDF proceeding to capture the Al-Izba and <a href="/wiki/ConocoPhillips" title="ConocoPhillips">Conoco</a> gas fields,<a href="#cite_note-gas_field-101">[101]</a><a href="#cite_note-102">[102]</a> the Derro oil fields, and the Al-Bazikh mountain chain.<a href="#cite_note-103">[103]</a> On 25 September, Russian aircraft, as well as Syrian and Russian artillery, bombarded SDF troops at the Conoco gas field, causing several casualties. The SDF responded by stating that "Russian and regime forces have mounted a treacherous attack against our forces," and that they would "use [our] legitimate right to self-defense".<a href="#cite_note-104">[104]</a><a href="#cite_note-105">[105]</a><a href="#cite_note-106">[106]</a> Further Russian bombing was reported on 27 September, with the SOHR stating 6 civilian casualties in Marat, to the east of the Euphrates River, opposite the Deir ez-Zor Military Airbase.<a href="#cite_note-107">[107]</a> <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iranian</a> missile strikes on ISIL in the southern and eastern parts of the province were also reported on 24 September.<a href="#cite_note-108">[108]</a> Despite the Russo-Syrian airstrike incidents, the SDF continued the offensive and pushed ISIL out of numerous villages over the following days. At <a href="/wiki/Al-Suwar" title="Al-Suwar">al-Suwar</a>, however, the SDF troops met fierce resistance on 24 September, and a heavy battle ensued;<a href="#cite_note-109">[109]</a><a href="#cite_note-110">[110]</a><a href="#cite_note-111">[111]</a><a href="#cite_note-112">[112]</a> after six days of fighting the town finally fell. The SDF then attempted to further advance in al-Suwar's surroundings, while ISIL launched counterattacks to retake it.<a href="#cite_note-113">[113]</a> Meanwhile, on 28 September, Yasser al-Dahla of The Gathering of <a href="/wiki/Al-Baggara" title="Al-Baggara">al-Baggara</a> Youth group was arrested by SDF <a href="/wiki/Military_police" title="Military police">military police</a> on accusations of not effectively participating in the offensive and a "lack of <a href="/wiki/Military_discipline" title="Military discipline">military discipline</a>". The Gathering of <a href="/wiki/Al-Baggara" title="Al-Baggara">al-Baggara</a> Youth denied these charges, and criticized the <a href="/wiki/Syrian_Democratic_Forces_military_councils#Deir_ez-Zor" title="Syrian Democratic Forces military councils">Deir ez-Zor Military Council</a> of denying <a href="/wiki/Turkish-backed_Free_Syrian_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Turkish-backed Free Syrian Army">Euphrates Shield</a> fighters who defected to the SDF to join the Gathering. Dahla reportedly threatened to cease his group's participation in the Deir ez-Zor offensive.<a href="#cite_note-arrest-21">[21]</a> On 30 September, the SDF took control of the Jafra oil fields,<a href="#cite_note-114">[114]</a> which was one of the "most <a href="/wiki/Finances_of_ISIL" class="mw-redirect" title="Finances of ISIL">important sources of income</a> for IS".<a href="#cite_note-115">[115]</a> Between 1 and 9 October, the SDF captured several more villages and repelled further ISIL counterattacks,<a href="#cite_note-116">[116]</a><a href="#cite_note-117">[117]</a><a href="#cite_note-118">[118]</a><a href="#cite_note-119">[119]</a><a href="#cite_note-120">[120]</a> with ISIL resistance in these areas being mostly light. This was due to ISIL relocating many of its fighters from its frontlines with the SDF in order to face the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Syria_campaign_(September%E2%80%93December_2017)" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Syria campaign (September–December 2017)">encroaching</a> Syrian Army.<a href="#cite_note-121">[121]</a> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ISIL_POWs_during_Deir_ez-Zor_offensive_(October_2017).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/ISIL_POWs_during_Deir_ez-Zor_offensive_%28October_2017%29.png/250px-ISIL_POWs_during_Deir_ez-Zor_offensive_%28October_2017%29.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/ISIL_POWs_during_Deir_ez-Zor_offensive_%28October_2017%29.png/375px-ISIL_POWs_during_Deir_ez-Zor_offensive_%28October_2017%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/ISIL_POWs_during_Deir_ez-Zor_offensive_%28October_2017%29.png/500px-ISIL_POWs_during_Deir_ez-Zor_offensive_%28October_2017%29.png 2x" data-file-width="1772" data-file-height="996" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_of_Iraq_and_the_Levant" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant">ISIL</a> <a href="/wiki/Prisoner_of_war" title="Prisoner of war">prisoners of war</a> in the custody of the <a href="/wiki/Syrian_Democratic_Forces" title="Syrian Democratic Forces">SDF</a> after surrendering during the campaign in October 2017.</figcaption></figure> Between 9 and 10 October, the SDF captured four villages while advancing on the Euphrates river's eastern bank.<a href="#cite_note-122">[122]</a> Around a dozen SDF fighters were executed after ISIL recaptured al-Jazrah oilfield on 12 October.<a href="#cite_note-123">[123]</a> Many SDF fighters were killed and executed on 15 October after ISIL attacked their positions on the provincial border between <a href="/wiki/Al-Hasakah" title="Al-Hasakah">al-Hasakah</a> and Deir ez-Zor, infiltrating several checkpoints and outposts along the main road between <a href="/wiki/Al-Salihiyah,_Deir_ez-Zor_Governorate" title="Al-Salihiyah, Deir ez-Zor Governorate">Al-Salhiyah</a> and Sor.<a href="#cite_note-124">[124]</a> Syrian military reports said on 19 October that the SDF had allowed Russian troops to enter and take control of Conoco gas field, despite both the SDF and the SAA trying to take control of <a href="/wiki/Al-Omar_field" title="Al-Omar field">al-Omar oil field</a> from ISIL.<a href="#cite_note-125">[125]</a> Laila al-Abdullah, the spokesperson of the SDF, announced that they had captured the al-Omar oil field after a military operation in early hours of 22 October, and were clashing with ISIL fighters in an adjacent housing complex. SOHR stated that it had entered the oilfield after pro-Syrian government forces withdrew following an ISIL attack on them.<a href="#cite_note-126">[126]</a> The SDF, later in the month, started advancing towards <a href="/wiki/Abu_Kamal" title="Abu Kamal">Abu Kamal</a> and reportedly captured sites south of the oilfields.<a href="#cite_note-127">[127]</a> ISIL counterattacked on 29 October in an attempt to recapture the oilfield and was able to capture large territory along its perimeter while killing 6 SDF fighters.<a href="#cite_note-128">[128]</a> By November 2017, the SDF had reached the western outskirts of <a href="/wiki/Markadah" class="mw-redirect" title="Markadah">Markadah</a>.<a href="#cite_note-129">[129]</a> On 3 November, the SDF captured six villages while advancing on three different fronts. One village on the eastern bank of the Euphrates was captured near the <a href="/wiki/Al-Busayrah" title="Al-Busayrah">Al-Busayrah</a> axis, about 30 kilometres (19 mi) southeast of Deir ez-Zor city. Two villages around 70 kilometres (43 mi) northeast from the city and located near the border with Iraq were also captured. In addition, three villages 50 kilometres (31 mi) east of Deir ez-Zor city and located on the bank of the <a href="/wiki/Khabur_(Euphrates)" title="Khabur (Euphrates)">Khabur</a> river were captured by the SDF.<a href="#cite_note-130">[130]</a> On 6 November, the SDF cleared an ISIL pocket at Khabur after two SDF pincers met on both sides of the river and captured six villages, about 35 kilometres (22 mi) east of Deir ez-Zor city.<a href="#cite_note-131">[131]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Slowing_down_of_the_campaign">Slowing down of the campaign</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Deir_ez-Zor_campaign_(2017%E2%80%932019)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Slowing down of the campaign">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ISIL_fighter_with_self-inflicted_wound.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/ISIL_fighter_with_self-inflicted_wound.png/250px-ISIL_fighter_with_self-inflicted_wound.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/ISIL_fighter_with_self-inflicted_wound.png/375px-ISIL_fighter_with_self-inflicted_wound.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/ISIL_fighter_with_self-inflicted_wound.png/500px-ISIL_fighter_with_self-inflicted_wound.png 2x" data-file-width="1785" data-file-height="1002" /></a><figcaption>An <a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_of_Iraq_and_the_Levant" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant">ISIL</a> <a href="/wiki/Prisoner_of_war" title="Prisoner of war">POW</a> with a <a href="/wiki/Self-inflicted_wounds_in_the_military" title="Self-inflicted wounds in the military">self-inflicted wound</a>. As the <a href="/wiki/Military_activity_of_ISIL" class="mw-redirect" title="Military activity of ISIL">organization's combatants</a> continued to retreat in eastern Syria, an increasing number of its fighters shot themselves in order to lag behind and be captured by the <a href="/wiki/Syrian_Democratic_Forces" title="Syrian Democratic Forces">SDF</a>.</figcaption></figure> On 7 November, the SDF captured a village while advancing on the southwest along Khabur.<a href="#cite_note-132">[132]</a> The SDF captured the key town of <a href="/wiki/Markadah" class="mw-redirect" title="Markadah">Markadah</a> on 8 November.<a href="#cite_note-133">[133]</a> On 12 November, the SDF captured <a href="/wiki/Al-Busayrah" title="Al-Busayrah">al-Busayrah</a> and all neighboring villages, thereby eliminating an ISIL pocket to the east of the Euphrates.<a href="#cite_note-134">[134]</a> The SDF captured the al-Tanak oil fields on the next day.<a href="#cite_note-135">[135]</a> On 14 November, the SDF pushed southwards along the river, capturing a village and killing 11 ISIL militants.<a href="#cite_note-136">[136]</a> By the next day, they had advanced within 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) to the border with Iraq, according to the <a href="/wiki/Syrian_Observatory_for_Human_Rights" title="Syrian Observatory for Human Rights">Syrian Observatory for Human Rights</a> (SOHR).<a href="#cite_note-137">[137]</a> After ISIL lost <a href="/wiki/Al-Qa%27im_(town)" title="Al-Qa'im (town)">Al-Qa'im</a> and <a href="/wiki/Abu_Kamal" title="Abu Kamal">Abu Kamal</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Iraqi_Armed_Forces" title="Iraqi Armed Forces">Iraqi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Syrian_Army" title="Syrian Army">Syrian Army</a>, respectively, ISIL moved its de facto capital to the Syrian city of <a href="/wiki/Hajin" title="Hajin">Hajin</a>, in the Middle Euphrates Valley.<a href="#cite_note-reduced_to_two-29">[29]</a> SDF forces, spearheaded by the Deir Ez-Zor Military Council, reached the Iraqi border on 25 November, through the northern countryside of Abu Kamal, effectively blocking the Syrian Army from the border crossings located north of the town.<a href="#cite_note-138">[138]</a> The <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Defense" title="United States Department of Defense">United States Department of Defense</a> (U.S. DoD) later announced in February 2018 that Shaykh Abu Anas al-Furati, a senior ISIL commander, was killed in an airstrike on Hajin on 27 November 2017.<a href="#cite_note-Vanguardia-38">[38]</a> On 3 December 2017, the YPG declared that it had completely captured the eastern countryside of Deir Ez-Zor.<a href="#cite_note-139">[139]</a> The SDF captured three villages 70 kilometres (43 mi) south of Deir Ez-Zor city on 9 December. During the clashes, the SDF was struck by a car bomb in a village, with <a href="/wiki/Amaq_News_Agency" title="Amaq News Agency">Amaq News Agency</a> reporting the deaths of 15 SDF fighters. Around this time it was reported that Russian airstrikes had helped Kurdish forces in their ground advances.<a href="#cite_note-140">[140]</a><a href="#cite_note-141">[141]</a> The Deir Ez-Zor Military Council reported on 12 December that their forces had captured several towns along the eastern bank of the Euphrates, including Hasiyat, Jayshiyah, Jadleh, al-Bahrah, and <a href="/wiki/Gharanij" title="Gharanij">Gharanij</a> after a brief battle.<a href="#cite_note-142">[142]</a> During the week, taking advantage of ISIL's focus on attacking the Syrian Army on the western bank, the SDF captured several towns controlled by the group. The SDF's official media wing reported the capture of Jurdi al-Sharqi on 13 December after a brief battle.<a href="#cite_note-143">[143]</a> SOHR, meanwhile, stated that 23 civilians had been killed by airstrikes carried out by the U.S.-led Coalition in an ISIL-controlled village on the eastern banks.<a href="#cite_note-144">[144]</a> The U.S. DoD would later announce in February 2018 that ISIL military commander Abd al Rahman Filipini was killed near Hajin due to airstrikes on 13–14 December 2017.<a href="#cite_note-Vanguardia-38">[38]</a> On 16 December, the Deir Ez-Zor Military Council captured several sites, including the towns of <a href="/wiki/Abu_Hardub" title="Abu Hardub">Abu Hardub</a> and Hasiyat. This allowed them to secure complete control over the Murad Oil Field, located northeast of Abu Hardub, thus leaving the remaining populated areas to secure from ISIL east of the Euphrates, stretching from Hajin down towards the border with Iraq, within the administrative district of <a href="/wiki/Abu_Kamal_District" title="Abu Kamal District">Abu Kamal</a>.<a href="#cite_note-145">[145]</a> ISIL counterattacked SDF positions along the Euphrates on 22 December, attempting to push back towards Al-Omar oil fields. Pro-SDF media reported the attack was foiled and that 21 ISIL fighters were killed.<a href="#cite_note-auto-146">[146]</a> ISIL-affiliated media reported on 29 December that they had struck an SDF position with a VBIED attack amidst a counterattack near al-Bahrah village. The outlet stated that at least 3 SDF fighters were killed and 7 wounded in the battle.<a href="#cite_note-auto-146">[146]</a> Later on 29 December, according to both pro-Syrian opposition and pro-Kurdish sources, the SDF captured four towns and villages (Al-Bahrah, Al-Kahawi, Al-Jabal and Kushkiyah) north of Hajin. The advance bypassed the <a href="/wiki/Al-Shaitat" title="Al-Shaitat">Shaitat</a> tribal region, encircling ISIL in the area. The SDF stated it had killed 67 ISIL fighters while capturing the villages.<a href="#cite_note-147">[147]</a><a href="#cite_note-148">[148]</a><a href="#cite_note-149">[149]</a><a href="#cite_note-150">[150]</a> The next day, SOHR reported heavy fighting between both groups on the eastern banks with ISIL managing to capture <a href="/wiki/Abu_Hamam" title="Abu Hamam">Abu Hamam</a>.<a href="#cite_note-151">[151]</a> Later on the same day, the SDF captured the town of Khara'ij and the village of al-Marsama Gharbi. It also recaptured Abu Hamam.<a href="#cite_note-152">[152]</a> ISIL stated on 31 December that 20 SDF fighters and 50 others at al-Bahra had been wounded in a car bombing attack carried out by a German jihadist.<a href="#cite_note-153">[153]</a> On 1 January 2018, it was announced that the YPG/YPJ's <a href="/wiki/Anti-Terror_Units" title="Anti-Terror Units">Anti-Terror Units</a> had killed ISIL commander Hisen Ayid el-Bilebil Ebu el-Walid, the mastermind of the <a href="/wiki/July_2016_Qamishli_bombings" title="July 2016 Qamishli bombings">July 2016 Qamishli bombings</a>, in al-Busayrah.<a href="#cite_note-mastermind-34">[34]</a> SOHR stated on the same day that 12 civilians were killed in air strikes on the ISIL-held village of Susa.<a href="#cite_note-154">[154]</a> Meanwhile, Kurdish sources stated that the SDF had captured the town of al-Sabha.<a href="#cite_note-155">[155]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Gharanij_and_ISIL_attacks">Gharanij and ISIL attacks</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Deir_ez-Zor_campaign_(2017%E2%80%932019)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Gharanij and ISIL attacks">edit</a>]</div> Pro-Kurdish and pro-coalition sources reported on 2 January 2018 that the SDF had captured the towns of <a href="/wiki/Abu_Hardub" title="Abu Hardub">Abu Hardub</a> and al-Nabayi, killing at least 17 ISIL fighters.<a href="#cite_note-156">[156]</a> The U.S. DoD would later announce in February that ISIL military commander Abd al Rahman al Tamimi was killed in airstrikes near Hajin on 2 January.<a href="#cite_note-Vanguardia-38">[38]</a> On the next day, the SDF announced the capture of the towns of Muhamidah, 'Ard Al-Zir and Al-Majeed.<a href="#cite_note-157">[157]</a> They were also engaged in heavy clashes for control of Abu Hamam and Hajin.<a href="#cite_note-158">[158]</a> On 4 January, it was reported that they had captured the ISIL stronghold of <a href="/wiki/Gharanij" title="Gharanij">Gharanij</a>.<a href="#cite_note-159">[159]</a> The U.S. DoD would later announce in February that Haytham al Jazairi and Hassan al Jazzari, part of ISIL's immigration logistics group, were killed in airstrikes on 6 January near Khara'ij and Abu Hammam respectively.<a href="#cite_note-Vanguardia-38">[38]</a> An ISIL counterattack on 7 January on al-Bahra failed.<a href="#cite_note-160">[160]</a> ISIL official media stated it had recaptured Gharanij on 9 January in addition to killing 20 SDF fighters.<a href="#cite_note-161">[161]</a> SOHR reported on 10 January that SDF had released more than 400 Syrian ISIL members in Deir Ez-Zor. It added that out of the 400, 120 former ISIL fighters had joined the SDF.<a href="#cite_note-162">[162]</a> However, the U.S.-led coalition would later deny on 15 January the allegations that the SDF had recruited former ISIL fighters.<a href="#cite_note-163">[163]</a> ISIL-affiliated media stated that an <a href="/wiki/Uzbekistan" title="Uzbekistan">Uzbek</a> suicide bomber killed or injured 20 SDF fighters during the night on 10 January.<a href="#cite_note-164">[164]</a> The U.S. DoD would later announce in February that ISIL brigade commander Aysh al Dagestani was killed in an airstrike near Kashmah on 12 January.<a href="#cite_note-Vanguardia-38">[38]</a> ISIL captured Gharanij for the third time in three weeks from the SDF following a counter-attack on 13 January. Meanwhile, pro-Kurdish and coalition sources stated 100 ISIL fighters had been killed during the overall battle for the town, while ISIL stated 50-70 SDF fighters had been killed in the battle.<a href="#cite_note-165">[165]</a> On 16 January, a VBIED attack in Gharanij forced the SDF to retreat from some positions in the town, though retaining control of half of it.<a href="#cite_note-166">[166]</a> Pro-ISIL Wafa Media announced on 18 January that an airstrike had killed former German rapper <a href="/wiki/Denis_Cuspert" title="Denis Cuspert">Denis Cuspert</a> during a battle in Gharanij. Cuspert was a fighter, recruiter and propagandist for ISIL.<a href="#cite_note-167">[167]</a> The outlet released reported images of his corpse, stating that he died on 17 January.<a href="#cite_note-dw2-168">[168]</a> The coalition later stated that 145-150 militants were killed in U.S. airstrikes on an ISIL headquarters near <a href="/wiki/Al-Shaafah" title="Al-Shaafah">al-Shaafah</a> on the same day.<a href="#cite_note-169">[169]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Entering_the_Middle_Euphrates_Valley">Entering the Middle Euphrates Valley</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Deir_ez-Zor_campaign_(2017%E2%80%932019)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Entering the Middle Euphrates Valley">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:French_Ceasar_Task_Force_Wagram_Al_Quim.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/French_Ceasar_Task_Force_Wagram_Al_Quim.jpg/220px-French_Ceasar_Task_Force_Wagram_Al_Quim.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/French_Ceasar_Task_Force_Wagram_Al_Quim.jpg/330px-French_Ceasar_Task_Force_Wagram_Al_Quim.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/French_Ceasar_Task_Force_Wagram_Al_Quim.jpg/440px-French_Ceasar_Task_Force_Wagram_Al_Quim.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5040" data-file-height="2835" /></a><figcaption>French <a href="/wiki/CAESAR_self-propelled_howitzer" title="CAESAR self-propelled howitzer">CAESAR</a> artillery fires at ISIL positions during the campaign</figcaption></figure> The capture of <a href="/wiki/Alexanda_Kotey" title="Alexanda Kotey">Alexanda Kotey</a> and <a href="/wiki/El_Shafee_Elsheikh" title="El Shafee Elsheikh">El Shafee Elsheikh</a>, members of ISIL's cell called "<a href="/wiki/The_Beatles_(terrorist_cell)" title="The Beatles (terrorist cell)">The Beatles</a>", was reported in February. The two had been caught a month earlier near Deir ez-Zor, in the Euphrates Valley.<a href="#cite_note-170">[170]</a> After capturing Gharanij, the SDF in February 2018 shifted their attention to securing complete control of al-Bahrah, the control of which had changed twice.<a href="#cite_note-171">[171]</a> ISIL attacked SDF positions in al-Bahrah twice with VBIEDs on 10 February, resulting in dozens of dead and wounded in their ranks.<a href="#cite_note-172">[172]</a> Amaq stated on 11 February that the SDF had been accidentally bombed by the coalition during clashes with ISIL in al-Susa area near the Iraqi border.<a href="#cite_note-173">[173]</a> According to a source in the Iraqi <a href="/wiki/Popular_Mobilisation_Units" class="mw-redirect" title="Popular Mobilisation Units">Popular Mobilisation Units</a> (PMU) on 12 February, their forces had rescued 11 SDF fighters encircled by ISIL near the <a href="/wiki/Iraqi-Syrian_border" class="mw-redirect" title="Iraqi-Syrian border">Iraqi-Syrian border</a>.<a href="#cite_note-174">[174]</a> The SDF announced on 18 February that Sjoerd Heeger, a <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Dutch</a> member of theirs, was killed fighting ISIL on 12 February.<a href="#cite_note-175">[175]</a> Syria's state-run news agency <a href="/wiki/SANA" class="mw-redirect" title="SANA">SANA</a> reported that U.S. airstrikes killed 16 people in al-Bahrah on 19 February and 12 in Hajin on 21 February.<a href="#cite_note-176">[176]</a> SOHR stated that U.S. airstrikes on al-Shaafah on 26 February killed 25 civilians.<a href="#cite_note-177">[177]</a> <a href="/wiki/The_Pentagon" title="The Pentagon">The Pentagon</a> acknowledged on 5 March that the <a href="/wiki/Operation_Olive_Branch" title="Operation Olive Branch">Turkish military operation in Afrin</a> had led to an "operational pause" in the Deir ez-Zor offensive. Coalition spokesman Major Adrian Rankine-Galloway stated that they had seen SDF fighters leave the offensive in Middle Euphrates Valley to fight elsewhere.<a href="#cite_note-pause-12">[12]</a> On 6 March, the SDF announced that it had shifted 1,700 members from front lines in the Middle Euphrates Valley to the Afrin front.<a href="#cite_note-178">[178]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_campaign_resumes">The campaign resumes</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Deir_ez-Zor_campaign_(2017%E2%80%932019)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: The campaign resumes">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:U.S._Marines_fire_mortars_at_ISIL.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/U.S._Marines_fire_mortars_at_ISIL.png/220px-U.S._Marines_fire_mortars_at_ISIL.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/U.S._Marines_fire_mortars_at_ISIL.png/330px-U.S._Marines_fire_mortars_at_ISIL.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/U.S._Marines_fire_mortars_at_ISIL.png/440px-U.S._Marines_fire_mortars_at_ISIL.png 2x" data-file-width="1004" data-file-height="659" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/United_States_Marine_Corps" title="United States Marine Corps">U.S. Marines</a> fire mortars at a known ISIL position in the Middle <a href="/wiki/Euphrates" title="Euphrates">Euphrates</a> Valley in October 2018</figcaption></figure> On 1 May 2018, the SDF and U.S.-led coalition, in coordination with the <a href="/wiki/Iraqi_Armed_Forces" title="Iraqi Armed Forces">Iraqi Armed Forces</a>, announced the restart of the offensive to clear the Iraqi-Syria border and middle Euphrates river valley (MERV) of ISIL remnants, in what the coalition called Operation Roundup.<a href="#cite_note-auto1-73">[73]</a><a href="#cite_note-resume-5">[5]</a> On 3 May, <a href="/wiki/Syriac_Military_Council" title="Syriac Military Council">Syriac Military Council</a> and SDF spokesperson <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kino_Gabriel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kino Gabriel (page does not exist)">Kino Gabriel</a> stated that SDF forces had advanced 8 kilometers (4.97 mi.) into ISIL territory on the al-Bughuz axis along the Iraqi border near the Euphrates river valley.<a href="#cite_note-179">[179]</a> On 8 May, an official YPG Twitter account posted images of SDF forces using mine-resistant ambush protected vehicles (<a href="/wiki/MRAP" title="MRAP">MRAPs</a>) partaking in an assault on ISIL front lines. The vehicle was previously unauthorized to be provisioned to SDF forces; Pentagon spokesman Marine Maj. Adrian Rankine-Galloway confirmed to <a href="/wiki/Army_Times" title="Army Times">Military Times</a> that the US was providing <a href="/wiki/MRAP" title="MRAP">MRAPs</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Syrian_Democratic_Forces#Syrian_Arab_Coalition" title="Syrian Democratic Forces">Syrian Arab Coalition</a>, which he called "an essential component of the SDF."<a href="#cite_note-180">[180]</a> On 10 May, Coalition forces announced the capturing of five senior ISIL commanders in a joint cross-border raid with SDF and Iraqi forces, in what Coalition officials called a "significant blow" to ISIL. The news prompted US President <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> to announce on <a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a>: "Five Most Wanted leaders of ISIS just captured!"<a href="#cite_note-181">[181]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Capturing_the_Syrian-Iraqi_border">Capturing the <a href="/wiki/Syrian-Iraqi_border" class="mw-redirect" title="Syrian-Iraqi border">Syrian-Iraqi border</a></h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Deir_ez-Zor_campaign_(2017%E2%80%932019)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Capturing the Syrian-Iraqi border">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/US-Backed_Forces_Remove_Explosives_from_Key_Syrian_Town.webm/220px--US-Backed_Forces_Remove_Explosives_from_Key_Syrian_Town.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="124" data-durationhint="114" data-mwtitle="US-Backed_Forces_Remove_Explosives_from_Key_Syrian_Town.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:US-Backed_Forces_Remove_Explosives_from_Key_Syrian_Town.webm"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/58/US-Backed_Forces_Remove_Explosives_from_Key_Syrian_Town.webm/US-Backed_Forces_Remove_Explosives_from_Key_Syrian_Town.webm.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="854" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/58/US-Backed_Forces_Remove_Explosives_from_Key_Syrian_Town.webm/US-Backed_Forces_Remove_Explosives_from_Key_Syrian_Town.webm.720p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="720p.vp9.webm" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/58/US-Backed_Forces_Remove_Explosives_from_Key_Syrian_Town.webm/US-Backed_Forces_Remove_Explosives_from_Key_Syrian_Town.webm.1080p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="1080p.vp9.webm" data-width="1920" data-height="1080" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/58/US-Backed_Forces_Remove_Explosives_from_Key_Syrian_Town.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-width="1920" data-height="1080" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/58/US-Backed_Forces_Remove_Explosives_from_Key_Syrian_Town.webm/US-Backed_Forces_Remove_Explosives_from_Key_Syrian_Town.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/58/US-Backed_Forces_Remove_Explosives_from_Key_Syrian_Town.webm/US-Backed_Forces_Remove_Explosives_from_Key_Syrian_Town.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/58/US-Backed_Forces_Remove_Explosives_from_Key_Syrian_Town.webm/US-Backed_Forces_Remove_Explosives_from_Key_Syrian_Town.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /></video><figcaption>Video about the capture of a border town during the campaign</figcaption></figure> By 13 May, the SDF had reportedly besieged and imposed full control over al-Baghuz Tahtani village – the first settlement seized from ISIL since the resumption of the desert offensive – on the east bank of the Euphrates, officially cutting ISIL access to the Iraqi border along the river.<a href="#cite_note-182">[182]</a><a href="#cite_note-183">[183]</a> By 14 May, the SDF were conducting mine and tunnel clearing operations in al-Baghuz Tahtani as they had said to have taken a total of 64 kilometers of territory from ISIL.<a href="#cite_note-184">[184]</a> SOHR also reported that 18 ISIL fighters were killed in Coalition airstrikes in the town of al-Bahrah, further north along the river.<a href="#cite_note-185">[185]</a> Also on the same day, <a href="/wiki/USCENTCOM" class="mw-redirect" title="USCENTCOM">USCENTCOM</a> commander <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Votel" title="Joseph Votel">Joseph Votel</a>, Coalition commander <a href="/wiki/Paul_E._Funk_II" title="Paul E. Funk II">Paul E. Funk II</a> and other US personnel held a meeting with SDF leaders to "gain a better understanding of the fight against Daesh in the Middle Euphrates River Valley."<a href="#cite_note-186">[186]</a> On 17 May, after several weeks of clashes, the SDF captured a number of border posts near <a href="/wiki/Abu_Kamal" title="Abu Kamal">Abu Kamal</a>, completely besieging ISIL's Middle Euphrates Valley pocket between SDF forces and Syrian Army forces.<a href="#cite_note-fully_besieged-187">[187]</a> By 20 July, after a couple months of clashes, the SDF had fully cleared ISIL from the southeastern al-Hasakah countryside, significantly reducing ISIL's border region pocket to the eastern Deir ez-Zor Province.<a href="#cite_note-continue_advance-188">[188]</a> On 4 August, the SDF fully captured the remainder of ISIL's Iraqi–Syrian border pocket in the eastern Deir ez-Zor countryside, reducing ISIL's territorial control to a single pocket in the Middle Euphrates Valley, in the area between <a href="/wiki/Hajin" title="Hajin">Hajin</a> and Abu Kamal.<a href="#cite_note-fully_expelled-15">[15]</a> The SDF subsequently began preparations for the third and final phase of the operation, while ISIL launched counter-attacks in the al-Malh oil well area.<a href="#cite_note-189">[189]</a> At the time, experts considered it likely that <a href="/wiki/Abu_Bakr_al-Baghdadi" title="Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi">Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi</a> was hiding in this last pocket.<a href="#cite_note-190">[190]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Third_phase">Third phase</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Deir_ez-Zor_campaign_(2017%E2%80%932019)&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Third phase">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Iraqi-Syria_Border_Sandstorm.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Iraqi-Syria_Border_Sandstorm.jpg/220px-Iraqi-Syria_Border_Sandstorm.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Iraqi-Syria_Border_Sandstorm.jpg/330px-Iraqi-Syria_Border_Sandstorm.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Iraqi-Syria_Border_Sandstorm.jpg/440px-Iraqi-Syria_Border_Sandstorm.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5760" data-file-height="3840" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Sandstorm" class="mw-redirect" title="Sandstorm">sandstorm</a> near the Iraqi-Syrian border on 13 June 2018. The Islamic State often used sandstorms and poor weather conditions as cover for their ground assaults.</figcaption></figure> On 10 September, the SDF began to advance from 4 different fronts towards the areas controlled by ISIL – the pocket with Hajin, al-Susa, al-Shafa, and the neighboring villages straddling the eastern banks of the Euphrates river. On the following day, 11 September, the third and final phase of the operation officially commenced, under the <a href="/wiki/Code_name" title="Code name">code name</a> of "Terrorism Defeat Battle".<a href="#cite_note-191">[191]</a> According to the SDF, the first defense lines of ISIL were broken on September 13.<a href="#cite_note-192">[192]</a> On 20 September, the SDF fully captured <a href="/wiki/Al-Baghuz_Fawqani" title="Al-Baghuz Fawqani">al-Baghuz Fawqani</a> and secured the destroyed bridge to al-Bukamal.<a href="#cite_note-193">[193]</a> On the same day, ISIL counterattacked al-Baghuz Fawqani, with ISIL stating that they had killed 20 SDF fighters.<a href="#cite_note-194">[194]</a> On 25 September, the SDF captured the village of Ash Shājilah, north of al-Baghuz Fawqani.<a href="#cite_note-195">[195]</a> The next day, ISIL conducted multiple <a href="/wiki/SVBIED" class="mw-redirect" title="SVBIED">SVBIED</a> attacks on SDF positions in al-Baghuz Fawqani, reportedly killing and injuring scores of SDF-affiliated Kurdish fighters, with a heavy firefight occurring soon after.<a href="#cite_note-196">[196]</a> Despite heavy resistance, the SDF continued to advance north of al-Baghuz Fawqani and captured parts of <a href="/wiki/Al-Marashidah" title="Al-Marashidah">al-Marashidah</a> village, located southwest of <a href="/wiki/Al-Susah" title="Al-Susah">al-Susah</a>.<a href="#cite_note-197">[197]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="ISIL_breakout">ISIL breakout</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Deir_ez-Zor_campaign_(2017%E2%80%932019)&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: ISIL breakout">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hajin_offensive_septembre_2018.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Hajin_offensive_septembre_2018.svg/220px-Hajin_offensive_septembre_2018.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="348" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Hajin_offensive_septembre_2018.svg/330px-Hajin_offensive_septembre_2018.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Hajin_offensive_septembre_2018.svg/440px-Hajin_offensive_septembre_2018.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="950" /></a><figcaption>The furthest extent of SDF advances prior to Islamic State counterattacks in the Middle <a href="/wiki/Euphrates" title="Euphrates">Euphrates</a> River Valley, 25 October 2018.</figcaption></figure> On 10 October, ISIL launched a large counterattack under the cover of a large sandstorm, which resulted in the death of a French YPG volunteer, while they also managed to capture an <a href="/wiki/MRAP" title="MRAP">MRAP</a>-style vehicle from the SDF near al-Baghuz Fawqani.<a href="#cite_note-198">[198]</a> On 12 October, ISIL continued its counterattack, which resulted in the killing and capturing of at least 45 SDF fighters, as well as the recapture of multiple positions.<a href="#cite_note-199">[199]</a> On 19 October, ISIL reportedly infiltrated and crossed through areas held by Syrian governmental forces and their allies, to reinforce its Euphrates pocket from the <a href="/wiki/Syrian_Desert" title="Syrian Desert">Syrian Desert</a>.<a href="#cite_note-200">[200]</a> On 20 October, the <a href="/wiki/Syrian_Observatory_for_Human_Rights" title="Syrian Observatory for Human Rights">SOHR</a> stated that the US-led coalition had carried out two "massacres" via airstrikes in al-Susah, resulting in the deaths of 58, including 41 civilians, with ISIL only receiving 11–17 casualties in the strikes; 10 children were also reported to have been killed.<a href="#cite_note-201">[201]</a> On 22 October, the SDF launched a new assault on ISIL positions in al-Susah, resulting in half of the town being captured and al-Marashidah being cut off.<a href="#cite_note-202">[202]</a> They also disabled an ISIL SVBIED by killing the driver, reportedly with a sniper rifle.<a href="#cite_note-203">[203]</a> On 23 October, the SDF continued their advance after clashes continued through the night. ISIL attempted to counterattack and reportedly used four SVBIEDs on SDF positions in Susah. Supported by heavy coalition air and artillery support, the SDF repelled the assault and restarted their own attack. In the morning, they captured the village of Hawi al Susah, which is adjacent to the town of Susah. In Hajin, sporadic clashes continued between the two sides.<a href="#cite_note-204">[204]</a><a href="#cite_note-205">[205]</a> On 24 October, fighting in Susah was still intense. Over the night, ISIL launched several assaults using armored cars and SVBIEDs to break through the encirclement of Marashidah, in which they still had fighters holding out, and to push back the SDF before they can consolidate their positions. Under heavy artillery bombardment, they temporarily opened a corridor, which allowed some of their units to escape. The SDF stated to have killed 10 fighters themselves, as well as destroying a vehicle and an SVBIED, while the coalition reportedly killed another 41 ISIL militants with airstrikes and artillery.<a href="#cite_note-206">[206]</a> On the same day, the coalition stated on <a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a> to have bombed a mosque in Susah that was being used by ISIL as a fighting position.<a href="#cite_note-207">[207]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hajin_offensive_octobre_2018.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Hajin_offensive_octobre_2018.svg/220px-Hajin_offensive_octobre_2018.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="348" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Hajin_offensive_octobre_2018.svg/330px-Hajin_offensive_octobre_2018.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Hajin_offensive_octobre_2018.svg/440px-Hajin_offensive_octobre_2018.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="950" /></a><figcaption>The Euphrates pocket by 31 October 2018, showing SDF territorial loss after ISIL counterattacks</figcaption></figure> On 27 October, the SDF's Deir ez-Zor Military Council suffered heavy losses and YPG units were moved to the frontline in order to stabilize the front. After even further setbacks, the SDF retreated from all captured positions in the Hajin pocket on October 28, effectively concluding their seven-week offensive without any gains.<a href="#cite_note-208">[208]</a> ISIL continued its counterattack on 29 October with the group retaking control of the towns of Marshidah, Mouzan, Safafinah, Shajlah, and Baghouz al-Fawqani as well as al-Susah from the SDF, forcing the Kurds to retreat after becoming overwhelmed.<a href="#cite_note-209">[209]</a> In response to the successful ISIL counterattack along the Iraqi-Syrian border, the <a href="/wiki/Popular_Mobilization_Forces" title="Popular Mobilization Forces">Popular Mobilization Forces</a> were deployed along the Iraqi side of the border in <a href="/wiki/Anbar_Governorate" class="mw-redirect" title="Anbar Governorate">Anbar Governorate</a>, in fears of an ISIL cross-border infiltration. On Twitter, pictures from the town of Jabal al-Baghouz showed ISIL flags being raised in the town.<a href="#cite_note-210">[210]</a><a href="#cite_note-211">[211]</a> Coalition spokesman Colonel Sean Ryan said that coalition elements were helping "expedite" SDF reinforcement and resupply efforts, and stated that ISIL was making a "<a href="/wiki/Last_stand" title="Last stand">last stand</a>" in the pocket.<a href="#cite_note-212">[212]</a> After <a href="/wiki/2018_northern_Syria_border_clashes" class="mw-redirect" title="2018 northern Syria border clashes">border skirmishes</a> between <a href="/wiki/Turkish_Armed_Forces" title="Turkish Armed Forces">Turkish Armed Forces</a> and Kurdish elements in <a href="/wiki/Koban%C3%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="Kobanî">Kobanî</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tell_Abyad" title="Tell Abyad">Tell Abyad</a>, the SDF once again halted the offensive against ISIL.<a href="#cite_note-arabnews.com-8">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-rudaw.net-9">[9]</a> Despite the main offensive being on hold, on 6 November, the SDF Press Office announced that 49 ISIL fighters had been killed after ISIL launched attacks on the Hajin front that were repulsed within the previous 24 hours; three tunnels, ten compounds, and a "bomb-laden vehicle" were all destroyed by the SDF. In addition, the coalition bombed 27 targets.<a href="#cite_note-213">[213]</a> On the same day, the Iraqi <a href="/wiki/Al_Mada" title="Al Mada">Al Mada</a> newspaper reported that the Popular Mobilization Forces had crossed into Syrian territory and seized 30 fortified border posts in areas previously abandoned by the SDF after the 26 October ISIL counterattack.<a href="#cite_note-214">[214]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:CJTF%E2%80%93OIR_AeroVironment_RQ-20_Puma_near_Hajin.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/CJTF%E2%80%93OIR_AeroVironment_RQ-20_Puma_near_Hajin.png/220px-CJTF%E2%80%93OIR_AeroVironment_RQ-20_Puma_near_Hajin.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/CJTF%E2%80%93OIR_AeroVironment_RQ-20_Puma_near_Hajin.png/330px-CJTF%E2%80%93OIR_AeroVironment_RQ-20_Puma_near_Hajin.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/CJTF%E2%80%93OIR_AeroVironment_RQ-20_Puma_near_Hajin.png/440px-CJTF%E2%80%93OIR_AeroVironment_RQ-20_Puma_near_Hajin.png 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="640" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/United_States_Armed_Forces" title="United States Armed Forces">US commando</a> prepares to launch a <a href="/wiki/AeroVironment_RQ-20_Puma" title="AeroVironment RQ-20 Puma">RQ-20 Puma</a> <a href="/wiki/Intelligence,_surveillance,_target_acquisition,_and_reconnaissance" title="Intelligence, surveillance, target acquisition, and reconnaissance">scout drone</a> near <a href="/wiki/Hajin" title="Hajin">Hajin</a>, 19 November</figcaption></figure> On 11 November, the SDF announced that they had restarted the offensive.<a href="#cite_note-215">[215]</a><a href="#cite_note-216">[216]</a> During the intermediary period of halted ground operations, the coalition had continued a heavy bombardment campaign targeting ISIL fighting positions, tunnels, mortars, staging areas, and weapons caches.<a href="#cite_note-217">[217]</a> It was reported that individual houses of ISIL commanders were being given out by spies, as well as locations of weapons caches, and that ISIL had executed a civilian on charges of being a spy, but this was not confirmed by any official source. On 23–24 November, around 500 ISIL fighters took advantage of foggy, low-visibility weather to attempt a <a href="/wiki/Breakout_(military)" title="Breakout (military)">breakout</a> of the Hajin pocket, by launching a "broad" counterattack north of Hajin towards al-Bahrah, <a href="/wiki/Gharanij" title="Gharanij">Gharanij</a>, and the al-Tanak oilfield, killing at least 47 SDF soldiers – 29 on Saturday alone – in the assaults; in turn, 39 ISIL militants were killed in both ground clashes and Coalition airstrikes. The village of al-Bahrah was reportedly captured by ISIL, while the other two assaults were repelled.<a href="#cite_note-218">[218]</a> The SOHR added that Coalition air raids also killed 17 civilians – including five children – during the clashes.<a href="#cite_note-219">[219]</a> Coalition spokesman Sean Ryan denied receiving reports of civilian casualties and that <a href="/wiki/Close_air_support" title="Close air support">close air support</a> had been "very limited" due to bad weather.<a href="#cite_note-220">[220]</a> Furthermore, ISIL stated to have captured at least 10 SDF fighters – including a commander – during the counterattack, with the group subsequently releasing images and video to corroborate the statement.<a href="#cite_note-221">[221]</a> By 26 November, as ISIL fighters had largely retreated back to their previous positions after Coalition-supported SDF push back, the fighting had reportedly killed over 200 people as more bodies were recovered on the 25th. SOHR reported 51 civilians had been killed and 92 SDF fighters were killed in the weekend fighting, the "largest number of SDF fighters killed (by IS) in a single battle since it was founded".<a href="#cite_note-222">[222]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Battle_of_Hajin">Battle of Hajin</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Deir_ez-Zor_campaign_(2017%E2%80%932019)&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Battle of Hajin">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><video id="mwe_player_1" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/DVIDS_-_Video_-_Hajin_Hospital_ISIS_Gunman.webm/220px--DVIDS_-_Video_-_Hajin_Hospital_ISIS_Gunman.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="124" data-durationhint="35" data-mwtitle="DVIDS_-_Video_-_Hajin_Hospital_ISIS_Gunman.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:DVIDS_-_Video_-_Hajin_Hospital_ISIS_Gunman.webm"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/58/DVIDS_-_Video_-_Hajin_Hospital_ISIS_Gunman.webm/DVIDS_-_Video_-_Hajin_Hospital_ISIS_Gunman.webm.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="854" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/58/DVIDS_-_Video_-_Hajin_Hospital_ISIS_Gunman.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8"" data-width="1024" data-height="576" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/58/DVIDS_-_Video_-_Hajin_Hospital_ISIS_Gunman.webm/DVIDS_-_Video_-_Hajin_Hospital_ISIS_Gunman.webm.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="256" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/58/DVIDS_-_Video_-_Hajin_Hospital_ISIS_Gunman.webm/DVIDS_-_Video_-_Hajin_Hospital_ISIS_Gunman.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/58/DVIDS_-_Video_-_Hajin_Hospital_ISIS_Gunman.webm/DVIDS_-_Video_-_Hajin_Hospital_ISIS_Gunman.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/58/DVIDS_-_Video_-_Hajin_Hospital_ISIS_Gunman.webm/DVIDS_-_Video_-_Hajin_Hospital_ISIS_Gunman.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /></video><figcaption><a href="/wiki/CJTF-OIR" class="mw-redirect" title="CJTF-OIR">CJTF-OIR</a> Coalition <a href="/wiki/Intelligence,_surveillance_and_reconnaissance" class="mw-redirect" title="Intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance">ISR</a> drone footage of an ISIL gunman shooting from within the Hajin hospital, 9 December 2018</figcaption></figure> On 3 December, local activist sources reported that SDF forces had advanced on ISIL's new de facto capital of <a href="/wiki/Hajin" title="Hajin">Hajin</a> and had broken into the town after overrunning ISIL defenses on its northwestern flank from al-Bahrah.<a href="#cite_note-223">[223]</a><a href="#cite_note-224">[224]</a><a href="#cite_note-auto2-225">[225]</a> By 4 December, SDF forces had reportedly advanced into the northern sector of Hajin, capturing the local hospital and the al-Hawamah neighborhood and market area.<a href="#cite_note-226">[226]</a> On 6 December, Redur Khalil, an SDF commander, confirmed their forces had pushed into Hajin and had taken portions of the town, including some neighborhoods and a mosque, but not the <a href="/wiki/Hospital" title="Hospital">hospital</a>, amidst ongoing heavy clashes. By 7 December the SDF had taken about half of the town and had also opened a <a href="/wiki/Humanitarian_corridor" title="Humanitarian corridor">humanitarian corridor</a> for Hajin, allowing over 1,000 civilians – mostly women and children – to flee ISIL's embattled capital.<a href="#cite_note-227">[227]</a> The Coalition stepped up airstrikes to support the SDF's advance, with a 5 December press release<a href="#cite_note-228">[228]</a> detailing multiple strikes conducted near Hajin targeting ISIL supply routes, tunnels, fighting positions and trucks. Syrian state media stated a Coalition airstrike in Hajin on 7 December completely destroyed the local hospital along with killing eight civilians, all from the same family. The Coalition denied civilian casualties in their airstrikes and disputed that the hospital was destroyed.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] On 11 December, Coalition spokesman Col. Sean Ryan confirmed to <a href="/w/index.php?title=Talk_Media&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Talk Media (page does not exist)">Talk Media News</a> that the Hajin hospital was not bombed on 7 December and that SDF units began receiving small arms fire from ISIL elements on the second and third floors of the facility on 8 December as it was being used as a "<a href="/wiki/Command_and_control" title="Command and control">command and control</a> node" by the terror group due to its strategic location. The next day an explosion occurred at the building, to which the Coalition stated was the result of rigged explosives placed by ISIL; when SDF units captured the hospital on 10 December, they reported the building was "heavily mined with IEDs" in the remaining structure.<a href="#cite_note-229">[229]</a><a href="#cite_note-230">[230]</a> On 11 December, the SDF, along with reversing some of ISIL's recent gains and making fresh advancements in Hajin,<a href="#cite_note-231">[231]</a> managed to recapture the border town of al-Baghuz Tahtani, securing the entire Syrian-Iraqi border once again and regaining much of the lost territory from the October ISIL counterattacks.<a href="#cite_note-232">[232]</a> By 12 December, the Coalition estimated there were still 2,500 of the "most hardened" ISIL fighters in the Hajin holdout.<a href="#cite_note-233">[233]</a> US Special Presidential Envoy to the anti-ISIL Coalition <a href="/wiki/Brett_H._McGurk" class="mw-redirect" title="Brett H. McGurk">Brett H. McGurk</a> said "We've gotten to a point where almost every ISIS fighter is wearing a suicide vest, the extent of IEDs and placements, it's very, very difficult fighting and so it's taking some time."<a href="#cite_note-234">[234]</a> Since the initial break-in of western Hajin, recent SDF front line advances in the town had been modest and methodical as ISIL reportedly had placed many mines and IEDs in residential areas, dug an extensive tunnel network, and had snipers placed in taller buildings – along with reportedly using stranded civilians as <a href="/wiki/Human_shield" title="Human shield">human shields</a>, according to SDF fighters on the ground. Furthermore, 2,500 civilians had by now fled towards SDF territory as the SDF reported to have killed 55 ISIL militants since entering Hajin.<a href="#cite_note-235">[235]</a> By 13 December heavy clashes continued in the town center as Coalition airstrikes continued to bombard ISIL positions.<a href="#cite_note-236">[236]</a> As the SDF advanced, capturing two more hospitals in the process, ISIL detonated five <a href="/wiki/Booby_trap" title="Booby trap">booby trapped</a> vehicles in an attempt to hinder SDF progress, but the traps failed.<a href="#cite_note-237">[237]</a> Later in the day, SOHR and local unofficial sources reported that Islamic State defenses in Hajin had collapsed and the jihadist forces were fleeing to the stronghold's eastern outskirts; Kurdish Twitter accounts showed the SDF flag perched atop the main <a href="/wiki/Bazaar" title="Bazaar">bazaar</a>, signaling the SDF had indeed captured the town center.<a href="#cite_note-238">[238]</a><a href="#cite_note-239">[239]</a> By dawn on 14 December, SDF forces – spearheaded by the Kurdish YPG – fully captured Hajin as ISIL defenses collapsed, due to an intensified ground push supported by increased Coalition airstrikes. The capture of Hajin town proper deprived the Islamic State of a significant command and control hub, and the terror group's last chunk of significant urban territory; ISIL's battered militants, aided by their tunnel networks, withdrew south to the rural village areas east of the Euphrates river and west of SDF positions along the Iraqi border.<a href="#cite_note-240">[240]</a> SDF spokesman Mustafa Bali confirmed that sporadic pockets of ISIL elements were still harassing and counterattacking Hajin post-capture in the surrounding fields and outskirts and that the fight for the town was "difficult" as the entrenched ISIL fighters the SDF besieged were hardened veterans from Iraq and Syria "fighting to the death", putting up stubborn resistance and stiff defenses.<a href="#cite_note-241">[241]</a> Europe-based activist Omar Abu Layla stated that disagreements among ISIL ranks over hierarchy between Iraqi and Syrian fighters helped speed up the collapse of the extremist group's defenses in the town.<a href="#cite_note-242">[242]</a> SOHR added that since the launch of the third phase of the Deir ez-Zor campaign on 10 September, 922 ISIL gunmen, 539 SDF fighters, and 324 civilians – of which were 113 children and 72 women – had died in the deadly fighting for the enclave. SOHR continued that the majority of the civilian casualties were from Coalition airstrikes.<a href="#cite_note-243">[243]</a> Colonel Francois-Regis Legrier, a senior French officer whom had been directing French artillery during the campaign as part of <a href="/wiki/Op%C3%A9ration_Chammal" title="Opération Chammal">Task Force Wagram</a> since October 2018, would later publicly criticize the Coalition's tactics during the battle in an article in France's National Defense Review. Colonel Legrier argued that the Coalition's heavy emphasis on airstrikes and heavy artillery rather than ground engagements may have minimized their own losses but "massively destroyed the infrastructure" and "unnecessarily prolonged the conflict and thus contributed to increasing the number" of civilian casualties. He suggested that a ground force of 1,000 Coalition troops against the 2,000 technologically inferior ISIL fighters would have ended the battle for Hajin much more quickly and efficiently. Legrier's remarks reportedly embarrassed French authorities, with the article being removed and a French army spokesman saying that a "punishment is being considered" for the officer.<a href="#cite_note-244">[244]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Clearing_the_Euphrates_pocket">Clearing the Euphrates pocket</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Deir_ez-Zor_campaign_(2017%E2%80%932019)&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Clearing the Euphrates pocket">edit</a>]</div> With the capture of the Hajin stronghold – the Islamic State's last de facto capital – on 14 December, ISIL fighters retreated to the remaining rural villages still under their grasp within the pocket. SDF commander-in-chief <a href="/wiki/Mazlum_Kobane" class="mw-redirect" title="Mazlum Kobane">Mazlum Kobane</a> said that at least 5,000 ISIL fighters were still in the remaining pocket. He said about 2,000 are foreign members, mostly Arabs and Europeans with their families.<a href="#cite_note-5000_fighters-18">[18]</a> The U.S. estimated there were still a <a href="/wiki/Die_hard_(phrase)" title="Die hard (phrase)">diehard</a> contingent of 2,500 ISIL fighters entrenched within the remaining enclave as the Islamic State still controlled the villages of <a href="/wiki/Al-Susah" title="Al-Susah">Al-Susah</a>, <a href="/wiki/Al-Marashidah" title="Al-Marashidah">Al-Marashidah</a>, <a href="/wiki/Al-Shaafah" title="Al-Shaafah">Al-Shaafah</a>, <a href="/wiki/Al-Baghuz_Fawqani" title="Al-Baghuz Fawqani">al-Baghuz Fawqani</a>, al-Shajla and surrounding settlements.<a href="#cite_note-245">[245]</a> It was reported that more than 700 prisoners including deserters were executed by ISIL since it lost Hajin.<a href="#cite_note-246">[246]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SDF-US_checkpoint_2018.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/SDF-US_checkpoint_2018.jpg/220px-SDF-US_checkpoint_2018.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/SDF-US_checkpoint_2018.jpg/330px-SDF-US_checkpoint_2018.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/SDF-US_checkpoint_2018.jpg/440px-SDF-US_checkpoint_2018.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4104" data-file-height="2564" /></a><figcaption>An SDF-U.S. checkpoint, 23 December 2018</figcaption></figure> On 14 December, SDF forces reportedly advanced south of Hajin, pushing towards the towns of Abu Hassan and Abu Al-Khatir amidst ongoing clashes. It was also reported that ISIL was attempting to break through SDF defenses and retake Baghuz Tahtani, in the southern sector of the pocket, on the Iraqi border.<a href="#cite_note-247">[247]</a> By 21 December, after capturing the al-Qal'ah area southwest of Hajin, SDF troops reportedly made a major advancement in the town of Abu al-Khatir, as Coalition airstrikes pounded ISIL units and forced them to fall back to the town center. Local sources also reported that ISIL had made <a href="/wiki/Al-Susah" title="Al-Susah">Al-Susah</a> its new headquarters.<a href="#cite_note-248">[248]</a> On 25 December, local sources confirmed the SDF had taken the key town of Abu al-Khatir after days of clashes, with the help of continued Coalition airstrikes, securing an adequate buffer zone around Hajin; subsequent clashes were reported in Abu Hassan as the SDF continued its advance southward, down the Euphrates.<a href="#cite_note-249">[249]</a> The SOHR reported that the SDF had rounded up 262 ISIL militants trying to flee among the civilian exodus from the region by 25 December; 5,500 civilians had so far reportedly fled the pocket since the <a href="/wiki/Syria_withdrawal" class="mw-redirect" title="Syria withdrawal">announcement of the withdrawal of US troops from Syria</a> on 19 December.<a href="#cite_note-250">[250]</a> Local activist sources reported on the 28th that the SDF had captured half of Al-Kashmah with ISIL still occupying the southern half; capturing Al-Kashmah would put the SDF within adequate striking distance of <a href="/wiki/Al-Shaafah" title="Al-Shaafah">Al-Shaafah</a> for the first time.<a href="#cite_note-251">[251]</a> The SDF made limited advances on the Al-Kashmah front and the al-Susah axis against ISIL forces by 30 December, with SDF contact lines reportedly reaching near the immediate eastern outskirts of al-Susah, while the SDF controlled around 70 percent of Al-Kashmah, with fierce clashes raging.<a href="#cite_note-252">[252]</a><a href="#cite_note-253">[253]</a> By 31 December, the SDF had fully captured Al-Kashmah and were fighting for control of <a href="/wiki/Al-Shaafah" title="Al-Shaafah">Al-Shaafah</a>, the last major town from the northern approach before ISIL's Al-Susah.<a href="#cite_note-254">[254]</a> On 5 January 2019, two British <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_Special_Forces" title="United Kingdom Special Forces">special forces</a> soldiers (presumably from the <a href="/wiki/Special_Air_Service" title="Special Air Service">Special Air Service</a>) were injured in an attack carried out by ISIL; one Kurd also died. US troops evacuated the two soldiers.<a href="#cite_note-255">[255]</a> On 7 January, the SOHR reported that ISIL units took advantage of bad weather and launched a counteroffensive against the SDF in the pocket, killing 23 and wounding others, while ISIL suffered 9 casualties. By the next day, the SDF had repelled the offensive and had gained more ground from ISIL near the Iraqi border. On the same day, Coalition warplanes and artillery continued to bombard the town of Al-Shaafah, as the SDF continued its approach towards Al-Susah.<a href="#cite_note-256">[256]</a> On 9 January the SDF released images of eight foreign ISIL fighters their units had captured during a recent "special operation". The captured included Russian, German, Uzbek, Tajik, Ukrainian and Kazakh nationals, as well as an American teenager.<a href="#cite_note-257">[257]</a> On 10 January the SDF reportedly fully captured Al-Shaafah after expelling ISIL fighters in a counterattack. The SDF continued to advance on the Abu Badran area.<a href="#cite_note-258">[258]</a> With continued US and French airstrikes in support, SDF forces reportedly captured most of Abu Badran after overrunning ISIL defenses in the northern portion of the village on 13 January.<a href="#cite_note-259">[259]</a> After the recent gains in the pocket against ISIL and ramping up their attacks in the previous two days, SDF spokesman Mustafa Bali told Reuters that ISIL "are living the final moments and realize that this battle is the battle to eliminate them."<a href="#cite_note-260">[260]</a> On 15 January, the SDF's <a href="/wiki/Syrian_Democratic_Forces_military_councils#Deir_ez-Zor" title="Syrian Democratic Forces military councils">Deir ez-Zor Military Council</a>, the spearheading fighting force during the campaign, launched a final major push south to storm al-Susah, after capturing Abu Badran and the al-Ulay'at region from ISIL forces. At the time, it was believed that ISIL's central command was headquartered at al-Susah and that their leader Abu Bakr Al-Baghdadi may also potentially be held up there.<a href="#cite_note-261">[261]</a> On the same day, reports emerged – particularly from the SOHR – that the SDF had already pushed ISIL out of al-Susah, but this was not confirmed by the SDF or the Coalition.<a href="#cite_note-262">[262]</a> Frontline reports confirmed the SDF had fully taken al-Susah by 17 January, with ISIL combatants ultimately retreating further southward to avoid being overrun. The loss of al-Susah was a heavy blow against the Islamic State, as the terrorist organization's territorial control in the pocket had dwindled to four key towns: <a href="/wiki/Al-Marashidah" title="Al-Marashidah">Al-Marashidah</a>, Mozan, al-Shajlah, and as-Safafinah (though clashes still continued at Al-Baghuz Fawqani). Following the capture of al-Susah, reports emerged of shelling in al-Marashidah and of ISIL targeting SDF units in al-Susah with VBIEDs.<a href="#cite_note-263">[263]</a> On the next day, the SDF's media center released a report detailing their recent engagements. Under near-constant Coalition air support, SDF fighters advanced 1.5 km, capturing 32 new points on a secondary front line of the Al-Susah axis, leading to separate heavy clashes with ISIL, in which SDF troops seized ammo and weapons from slain ISIL fighters, including SDF troops detonating four ISIL motorbikes loaded with explosives. Afterward, ISIL once again took advantage of bad weather and launched raids on SDF frontline positions, but were repelled. The SDF reported that 88 ISIL fighters had been killed, while they lost 10 of their own fighters with an additional 30 wounded.<a href="#cite_note-264">[264]</a> On 20 January, the SOHR reported that Coalition airstrikes on <a href="/wiki/Al-Baghuz_Fawqani" title="Al-Baghuz Fawqani">Al-Baghuz Fawqani</a> had killed six civilians, including four children, as well as killing 10 ISIL militants. Coalition airstrikes reportedly intensified after the ISIL-claimed <a href="/wiki/Manbij_bombing" class="mw-redirect" title="Manbij bombing">Manbij bombing</a> that claimed the lives of four Americans.<a href="#cite_note-265">[265]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hajine_Forces_d%C3%A9mocratiques_syriennes.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Hajine_Forces_d%C3%A9mocratiques_syriennes.jpg/220px-Hajine_Forces_d%C3%A9mocratiques_syriennes.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Hajine_Forces_d%C3%A9mocratiques_syriennes.jpg/330px-Hajine_Forces_d%C3%A9mocratiques_syriennes.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Hajine_Forces_d%C3%A9mocratiques_syriennes.jpg/440px-Hajine_Forces_d%C3%A9mocratiques_syriennes.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1275" data-file-height="716" /></a><figcaption>SDF fighters near Hajin, 22 January 2019</figcaption></figure> By 22 January, the SDF had managed to capture 75 percent of as-Safafinah, after capturing the Mozan rural area, confining ISIL to just two remaining villages – al-Shajlah and al-Marashidah – along the Euphrates River.<a href="#cite_note-266">[266]</a> Heavy clashes continued on the outskirts of al-Shajlah and the <a href="/wiki/Al-Baghuz_Fawqani" title="Al-Baghuz Fawqani">al-Baghuz Fawqani</a> front,<a href="#cite_note-267">[267]</a> with half of the latter town under SDF control.<a href="#cite_note-268">[268]</a> As ISIL's territorial control was being squeezed out due to the string of recent losses, a massive influx of fleeing civilians ensued, with hundreds leaving the increasingly-small pocket on 22 January, most of them family members of ISIL militants.<a href="#cite_note-269">[269]</a> The civilian exodus continued, as SDF and Kurdish social media accounts posted pictures reportedly showing the relatives of Islamic State fighters fleeing; many of them included nationals from France, Pakistan, Iraq, and Turkey.<a href="#cite_note-thenational.ae-270">[270]</a> Morale among remaining jihadist fighters hit an all-time low, with the fighters surrendering in the dozens (as per <a href="/wiki/Hawar_News_Agency" title="Hawar News Agency">ANHA</a>) to hundreds (as per SOHR) with reportedly over 60 fighters – 50 of them foreign – surrendering to the SDF in recent days.<a href="#cite_note-271">[271]</a> SOHR reported that 4,900 people – including 470 surrendered ISIL fighters – had fled the enclave since 21 January, 3,500 on 22 January alone. Meanwhile, the whereabouts and fate of ISIL's elusive leader <a href="/wiki/Abu_Bakr_al-Baghdadi" title="Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi">Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi</a> were still unknown.<a href="#cite_note-272">[272]</a> The SOHR also reported that the new wave of departures meant that a total of 27,000 people had by now fled the enclave since early December 2018.<a href="#cite_note-273">[273]</a> Zana Amedia, an SDF spokesman, attributed their ground momentum in recent weeks to a change of <a href="/wiki/Investment_(military)" title="Investment (military)">investment</a> tactics after their frontlines collapsed in late October 2018, due to an aggressive ISIL counterattack during a sandstorm. "After that, the leadership took a decision to change tactics, and moved us to attacking on two – or even three – axes so that the small force that ISIS has cannot counter," said Amedia. "Right now, the operation is going on two axes – from the north, we are attacking the village of <a href="/wiki/Al-Marashidah" title="Al-Marashidah">Al-Marashidah</a>, and from the south, the village of Baghuz."<a href="#cite_note-274">[274]</a> The SDF fully overran and recaptured al-Baghuz Fawqani on 23 January, after weeks of desperate ISIL resistance there ended with the collapse of their forces; the SDF promptly began mine-clearing and sweeping operations in the surrounding farms and communities, to find any hiding enemy militants. The capture of Baghuz Fawqani prompted the SOHR to proclaim the imminent defeat of ISIL in Deir ez-Zor, with the jihadist group only possessing 10 square km of remaining territory in the Middle Euphrates Pocket, and the remainder of their die-hard combatants holed up in scattered homesteads among the irrigated fields and orchards on the north bank of the valley.<a href="#cite_note-275">[275]</a> The US-led Coalition declined to say when it expected the SDF to capture the last chunk of ISIL territory, with spokesman Sean Ryan instead emphasizing that the bigger goal of the operation was to minimize and degrade ISIL's insurgency and terror capabilities by depriving them of physical space to operate. "We try to stay away from timelines as it is more about degrading the enemy's capabilities," Ryan said.<a href="#cite_note-thenational.ae-270">[270]</a> On the same day, the villages of as-Safafinah and al-Shajlah were also reported to have been overrun by the SDF backed by heavy French and American shelling, leaving <a href="/wiki/Al-Marashidah" title="Al-Marashidah">al-Marashidah</a> as the last stronghold in ISIL's grip – merely 0.01 percent of the territory its self-proclaimed <a href="/wiki/Caliphate" title="Caliphate">caliphate</a> once held.<a href="#cite_note-nearing_end-276">[276]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="ISIL's_last_stand">ISIL's last stand</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Deir_ez-Zor_campaign_(2017%E2%80%932019)&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: ISIL's last stand">edit</a>]</div> On 24 January, SDF forces began swiftly crossing the northern bridge into al-Marashidah – ISIL's then-final stronghold – forcing ISIL to withdraw towards the center of the town. In response, ISIL launched a counterattack and regained parts of al-Shajlah before the attack was repelled.<a href="#cite_note-277">[277]</a> By the next day, another counterattack allowed ISIL to regain parts of western Baghuz Fawqani, to the south of the area, with ISIL attempting to break the SDF's siege with suicide attacks.<a href="#cite_note-278">[278]</a> During ISIL's attempted breakout, <a href="/wiki/Syrian_Arab_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Syrian Arab Army">Syrian Arab Army</a> units that had deployed across the river targeted the Islamic State's poorly established positions at the town as well, indirectly assisting the Kurds.<a href="#cite_note-279">[279]</a> 35 ISIL fighters were killed and another 21 captured during the failed breakout attempt; in turn, 16 SDF fighters were killed and at least 30 were injured.<a href="#cite_note-280">[280]</a> At this point, SDF commander Mazloum Kobani predicted that the SDF would complete their campaign and end ISIL's military presence within a "month", only declaring victory after establishing control over the captured lands.<a href="#cite_note-to_be_defeated_within_month-281">[281]</a><a href="#cite_note-last_2_villages-282">[282]</a> On 25 January, <a href="/wiki/Hawar_News_Agency" title="Hawar News Agency">ANHA</a> reported that 150 ISIL fighters surrendered to the SDF in al-Baghuz Fawqani, with most of them being foreign fighters.<a href="#cite_note-283">[283]</a> The front lines at Baghuz Fawqani remained fluid on the 26th as Coalition bombardment continued on the village with ISIL continuing stiff resistance in south Marashidah as units from the <a href="/wiki/Free_Syrian_Army" title="Free Syrian Army">Free Syrian Army</a>'s Kurdish-aligned <a href="/wiki/Northern_Democratic_Brigade" title="Northern Democratic Brigade">Northern Democratic Brigade</a> reportedly clashed with ISIL in northern Marashidah.<a href="#cite_note-284">[284]</a><a href="#cite_note-285">[285]</a> Reports also emerged that an ISIL commander named Bashar Al-Mughbel was killed in Coalition airstrikes in Baghuz Fawqani<a href="#cite_note-286">[286]</a> as SOHR reported that Coalition air raids and short-range missile strikes on hamlets and other civilian areas had killed 42 people in the pocket in recent days, including 13 civilians consisting of seven Syrians linked to ISIL – including three children from the same family – and six Iraqi non-combatants.<a href="#cite_note-287">[287]</a> Overnight clashes between the 26th and 27th killed 19 ISIL and 11 SDF fighters, SOHR reported, adding that the aerial bombardment was some of the fiercest in two weeks. Additionally, 4 SVBIEDs targeted SDF positions when ISIL mounted another counterattack to break the siege.<a href="#cite_note-288">[288]</a> By 27 January it became clear that Kurdish and US officials did not believe ISIL's leader Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi was still holed up in the pocket. "He would have to be stupid to stay in the last pocket until the end," SDF spokesman Zana Amedi said. "He would have escaped a long time ago before the situation deteriorated for them so much. He's not dead, and he's not in these villages, either."<a href="#cite_note-289">[289]</a><a href="#cite_note-breaths-290">[290]</a> On 28 January the SDF managed to capture parts of northern Al-Marashidah and besieged ISIL within a space of only 4 square kilometers of land, boxing them up against the Euphrates.<a href="#cite_note-291">[291]</a> As clashes continued, SDF commander Heval Roni commented, "Geographically speaking, there are only four square kilometres left under IS control, stretching from Baghouz to the Iraqi border". He also stated that the dwindling number of remaining ISIL officers and commanders were mostly Iraqi.<a href="#cite_note-292">[292]</a> Meanwhile, SOHR reported some 2,000 people, including 300 ISIL gunmen, had fled the area since the 27th; among the commotion, the SDF captured a local ISIL commander and a body guard.<a href="#cite_note-293">[293]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Civilian_exodus">Civilian exodus</h5>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Deir_ez-Zor_campaign_(2017%E2%80%932019)&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Civilian exodus">edit</a>]</div> By 28 January, ISIL was reported to have parts of al-Marashidah, al-Arqoub, Safafinah, and Baghuz Fawqani villages still under their control, as well as some orchards in the town of Al-Susah.<a href="#cite_note-breaths-290">[290]</a> On 29 January, SDF spokesman Mustafa Bali told <a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a> that instead of an all-out storming of the last bastion of ISIL territory, the SDF's advance had slowed due to the large presence of civilians, many of whom were wives or children of ISIL fighters. Bali added that they were conducting "precise operations", which took more time.<a href="#cite_note-294">[294]</a> He added that the SDF had also refused an offer from the jihadists via mediators to surrender the territory in return for safe passage out. The <a href="/wiki/International_Rescue_Committee" title="International Rescue Committee">International Rescue Committee</a> charity organization said it was helping tend to a sudden influx of more than 10,000 people, almost all of whom were women, children, and elderly people, who had arrived at an <a href="/wiki/Internally_displaced_person" title="Internally displaced person">internally displaced persons</a> camp in <a href="/wiki/Al-Hawl" title="Al-Hawl">Al-Hawl</a> in northeastern Syria, since the previous week. The IRC said most of them were exhausted, extremely hungry, and thirsty as they fled ISIL territory, with many arriving <a href="/wiki/Barefoot" title="Barefoot">barefoot</a>.<a href="#cite_note-295">[295]</a> Meanwhile, acting U.S. Defense Secretary <a href="/wiki/Patrick_M._Shanahan" title="Patrick M. Shanahan">Patrick M. Shanahan</a> stated that the remaining territory will be taken in a few weeks.<a href="#cite_note-296">[296]</a> On 30 January, it was reported that a Coalition air raid over Marashidah killed Mohammed Mahmoud al-Abadi (Abu Osama al-Qurashi), a senior ISIL figure that held several positions in the Islamic State, including commander of the "Islamic Police", Minister of Oil, and senior security commander.<a href="#cite_note-commander-30">[30]</a><a href="#cite_note-297">[297]</a> Meanwhile, the Kurdistan Region's Special Office for Yezidi Abductees Affairs reported that SDF units had freed three <a href="/wiki/Yazidi" class="mw-redirect" title="Yazidi">Yazidi</a> prisoners from ISIL – aged 12, 30, and 40 – during their ongoing conquest against ISIL. Islamic State jihadists reportedly abducted these women when they entered the <a href="/wiki/Sinjar_Nahiyah" class="mw-redirect" title="Sinjar Nahiyah">Sinjar</a> region in 2014.<a href="#cite_note-298">[298]</a> On 15 January an Iraqi official stated that ISIL elements were <a href="/wiki/Genocide_of_Yazidis_by_ISIL#Sexual_slavery_and_reproductive_violence" class="mw-redirect" title="Genocide of Yazidis by ISIL">still trafficking Yazidi women</a> across Iraq and Syria despite the collapse of their "caliphate".<a href="#cite_note-299">[299]</a> On 31 January, the SDF made limited advances between Safafinah and Baghuz Fawqani while also advancing on Arqoub (western Marashidah), a strategically important sector for ISIL as they've used the bridge there to cross the river to escape to their refuge in the <a href="/wiki/Syrian_desert" class="mw-redirect" title="Syrian desert">Syrian desert</a>. Later, the SDF pulled back from some areas of Baghuz Fawqani to avoid harming civilians. More than 150 people were rescued. By the end of the month, ISIL reportedly still controlled Baghuz Tahtani on the Iraqi border as well after an SDF tactical retreat.<a href="#cite_note-300">[300]</a> With the large number of civilians fleeing the war zone, the SDF had significantly slowed down their advance by 1 February, in fear of ISIL using non-combatants as human shields. SDF-ISIL clashes in the pocket also decreased in intensity as ISIL tried to negotiate for a safe passage to evacuate towards the Turkish border. The SDF and the Coalition rejected this, instead demanding a full surrender from the remaining jihadists and their commanders.<a href="#cite_note-301">[301]</a> Meanwhile, it was reported that after the previous ISIL commander was killed, a Saudi named al-Jazrawi was in command of the remaining pocket.<a href="#cite_note-302">[302]</a><a href="#cite_note-303">[303]</a> During this lull in ground clashes, civilians continued to leave ISIL areas in droves with SDF and American <a href="/wiki/United_States_special_operations_forces" title="United States special operations forces">SOF</a> soldiers handing out water, nappies and <a href="/wiki/MRE" class="mw-redirect" title="MRE">MREs</a> to the families of ISIL members and other civilians at makeshift screening centers set up to help process the outflow of people; among the often haggard, famished, and dust-covered <a href="/wiki/Internally_displaced_person" title="Internally displaced person">IDPs</a>, males were screened separately in search of fleeing ISIL militants, who were known to be mixing in with the innocent civilians.<a href="#cite_note-304">[304]</a> In the early morning of 5 February, 5 Turkish families surrendered themselves along with other women and children.<a href="#cite_note-305">[305]</a> On 6 February, 12 Iraqi families, 14 Syrian families, four Azerbaijani families, and two Canadian women surrendered themselves to the SDF.<a href="#cite_note-306">[306]</a> Five ISIL <a href="/wiki/Children%27s_rights_under_ISIL#Recruitment_and_use_of_children_in_armed_conflict" title="Children's rights under ISIL">child soldiers</a> aged between 14 and 15 also surrendered.<a href="#cite_note-307">[307]</a> Meanwhile, the Coalition carried out two airstrikes on Baghuz Fawqani after an Iraqi drone was shot down, in the first airstrikes in days. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><video id="mwe_player_2" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Syrians%2C_Foreigners_Flee_as_Forces_Move_on_IS.webm/220px--Syrians%2C_Foreigners_Flee_as_Forces_Move_on_IS.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="124" data-durationhint="123" data-mwtitle="Syrians,_Foreigners_Flee_as_Forces_Move_on_IS.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Syrians,_Foreigners_Flee_as_Forces_Move_on_IS.webm"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/bf/Syrians%2C_Foreigners_Flee_as_Forces_Move_on_IS.webm/Syrians%2C_Foreigners_Flee_as_Forces_Move_on_IS.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/bf/Syrians%2C_Foreigners_Flee_as_Forces_Move_on_IS.webm/Syrians%2C_Foreigners_Flee_as_Forces_Move_on_IS.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bf/Syrians%2C_Foreigners_Flee_as_Forces_Move_on_IS.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/bf/Syrians%2C_Foreigners_Flee_as_Forces_Move_on_IS.webm/Syrians%2C_Foreigners_Flee_as_Forces_Move_on_IS.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" /></video><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Voice_of_America" title="Voice of America">Voice of America</a> report on the <a href="/wiki/Al-Hawl" title="Al-Hawl">Al-Hawl</a> refugee camp, 7 February 2019</figcaption></figure> On 6 February, US President <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a>, while at a summit of 79 foreign ministers and officials that have partaken in the global coalition against ISIL, predicted a formal announcement of a final victory against ISIL as early as the upcoming week despite front line advances recently being halted. "Remnants – that's all they have, remnants – but remnants can be very dangerous," Trump said in regards to ISIL. "Rest assured, we'll do what it takes to defeat every ounce and every last person within the ISIS madness".<a href="#cite_note-308">[308]</a> In regards to captured militants, SDF spokesman Mustafa Bali said that the SDF is detaining foreign ISIL fighters on a "daily basis." Suspected militants captured by the SDF were usually eager to be sent home, something the Kurdish administration also wants. <a href="/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch" title="Human Rights Watch">Human Rights Watch</a> had warned that any transfers of suspected foreign militants and their relatives out of Syria should be a transparent process.<a href="#cite_note-309">[309]</a> On 7 February, the SDF captured Al-Marashidah and its western district of Arqoub, as well as other areas nearby, completely besieging the remaining ISIL fighters in the town of <a href="/wiki/Al-Baghuz_Fawqani" title="Al-Baghuz Fawqani">Al-Baghuz Fawqani</a>, to the south of Al-Marashidah.<a href="#cite_note-310">[310]</a> Later on the same day, SDF commander Adel Cudi stated that the SDF controlled 80% of Baghuz Fawqani and were advancing slowly against the last ISIL-held positions.<a href="#cite_note-311">[311]</a> Late on 8 February, Mustafa Bali said that the SDF would launch a final assault on the remainder of the enclave once civilians had been completely evacuated. "There is of course a safe corridor and civilians are coming out daily, and this reduces their number in Baghouz until we can be sure the town is free of civilians," Bali said. "We will launch an attack to end the Daesh presence or they will turn themselves in. There are no other options for them. We confirm there are no negotiations and no intention to have negotiations," he added.<a href="#cite_note-312">[312]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Final_assault">Final assault</h5>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Deir_ez-Zor_campaign_(2017%E2%80%932019)&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Final assault">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Baghuz_Fawqani" title="Battle of Baghuz Fawqani">Battle of Baghuz Fawqani</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2018_Hajin_Offensive.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/2018_Hajin_Offensive.svg/220px-2018_Hajin_Offensive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="348" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/2018_Hajin_Offensive.svg/330px-2018_Hajin_Offensive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/2018_Hajin_Offensive.svg/440px-2018_Hajin_Offensive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="950" /></a><figcaption>The SDF's conquest of the ISIL enclave from 30 November 2018 to 23 March 2019</figcaption></figure> On the evening of 9 February, the Syrian Democratic Forces announced that they were launching the final "decisive" battle, after nearly ten days of evacuating 20,000 civilians,<a href="#cite_note-313">[313]</a> most of whom were ISIL family members. Redur Kalil, the SDF's senior public relations officer, told <a href="/wiki/The_Times" title="The Times">The Times</a> newspaper that a number of foreign hostages were possibly being held in the enclave.<a href="#cite_note-314">[314]</a> The operation began with a heavy preemptive bombardment during the afternoon, from the SDF missile and mortar teams and Coalition warplanes. The Coalition estimated ISIL still had around 1,000–1,500 of its most loyal jihadist fighters still fighting within the enclave, though the SDF and SOHR estimated that ISIL still had around 3,000 fighters within the enclave.<a href="#cite_note-315">[315]</a> Between 9–10 February, the SDF was able to capture a total of 2 square kilometers and seized control of 41 tactical points.<a href="#cite_note-316">[316]</a> The SDF reported the deaths of 37 ISIL members, along with the destruction of 19 locations, one enemy motorbike, four roads, one mortar, and one weapons cache in the preemptive airstrikes leading up to the assault, while only losing two of their own.<a href="#cite_note-317">[317]</a> The Syrian government stated the recent airstrikes had killed several civilians, including four people near a makeshift refugee camp near Baghuz.<a href="#cite_note-318">[318]</a> On the morning of 11 February, the SDF repelled another ISIL counterattack, as another 1,500 civilians fled the area in a column of 17 trucks filled with men, women, and children, some identifying as Iraqi. The SDF advance was gradual and precise, as hundreds of civilians continued to stream out of the war zone into SDF-Coalition screening centers, established to filter out fleeing jihadists.<a href="#cite_note-319">[319]</a> On 12 February, SDF spokesman Mustafa Bali announced that ISIL only had control over 1 square kilometer of territory, and that all those remaining in the area were ISIL militants and their families.<a href="#cite_note-320">[320]</a> On 16 February, one week into the battle, SDF commander Jiya Furat stated that the besieged pocket was reduced to an encircled 700 square meters and that a declaration of victory against ISIL in the pocket was soon to come.<a href="#cite_note-321">[321]</a> The battle had stalled into a standoff by late February, as the SDF chose to wait until every possible civilian fled the remaining territory before storming it, delaying declaration of victory and extending the battle into a protracted siege. <a href="/wiki/Attrition_warfare" title="Attrition warfare">Attrition</a> became a larger factor as the surrounded jihadists were letting their families, other hostages, and more expendable fighters leave due to dwindling food resources from the SDF's encirclement, with hundreds of civilians and dozens of surrendering militants regularly flowing out of the enclave.<a href="#cite_note-322">[322]</a> The evacuees included shattered families that lost loved ones and wounded, exhausted and hungry men, women, and children. A number of the fleeing wives were interviewed by international media, giving accounts of their journey to and conditions under ISIL's "caliphate", some describing how they lived in dug-up holes with hoisted tents to protect against airstrikes. While some were more critical, others proclaimed their continuing devotion to the idea of the Islamic State, even after surrender. "We weren't going to leave, but the Caliph said women should leave," said one mother, referring to ISIL leader <a href="/wiki/Abu_Bakr_al-Baghdadi" title="Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi">Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi</a> reportedly ordering women and children to leave. "I wanted to stay. It is an Islamic State. It is land of Islam," she added.<a href="#cite_note-323">[323]</a> SDF officials had previously denied that they were negotiating with ISIL, but Coalition spokesman Sean Ryan confirmed on 6 March that negotiations were taking place, through which the SDF was "diligently" trying to find out information regarding any hostages held by ISIL.<a href="#cite_note-unrepentant-324">[324]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Baghouz_March_12_2019_(2).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Baghouz_March_12_2019_%282%29.jpg/220px-Baghouz_March_12_2019_%282%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Baghouz_March_12_2019_%282%29.jpg/330px-Baghouz_March_12_2019_%282%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Baghouz_March_12_2019_%282%29.jpg/440px-Baghouz_March_12_2019_%282%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1330" data-file-height="752" /></a><figcaption>The ISIL camp at <a href="/wiki/Al-Baghuz_Fawqani" title="Al-Baghuz Fawqani">al-Baghuz Fawqani</a> under nighttime siege, 12 March 2019</figcaption></figure> By 9 March, one month into the protracted battle/stand-off, many evacuating ISIL militants and their families remained unrepentant and devoted to the "caliphate". Around two dozen interviewed evacuees described their last days in the besieged camp and how ISIL's <a href="/wiki/Hisbah" class="mw-redirect" title="Hisbah">Hisbah</a> <a href="/wiki/Islamic_religious_police#ISIL" title="Islamic religious police">religious police</a> continued to maintain order and religious enforcement in the camp amidst SDF-Coalition encirclement. The Hisbah oversaw the civilian evacuations from ISIL's end, seeing the SDF's evacuation attempts as facilitating their longevity.<a href="#cite_note-unrepentant-324">[324]</a> According to media reports, a number of the evacuees sometimes berated and harassed reporters and photographers at evacuation areas. Others spoke about their situation; many were still devoted to ISIL and hoping for future "conquests", while some were more ambivalent. They saw ISIL's territorial collapse as punishment from <a href="/wiki/God_in_Islam" title="God in Islam">God</a> due to corruption among <a href="/wiki/List_of_Islamic_State_of_Iraq_and_the_Levant_members" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant members">ISIL leadership and officials</a>.<a href="#cite_note-325">[325]</a> On 17 March, the SDF released their figures on the operation since 9 January: 34,000 total civilians evacuated, 29,600 ISIL fighters and their family members surrendered, including more than 5,000 fighters, 1,306 ISIL militants killed, and 520 captured in operations. In turn, they put their casualties at 11 dead and 61 injured.<a href="#cite_note-326">[326]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/2019_U.S._airstrike_in_Baghuz" title="2019 U.S. airstrike in Baghuz">2019 U.S. airstrike in Baghuz</a></div> On 18 March, a U.S. F-15E airstrike on a crowd of people fleeing the clashes in Baghuz killed up to 80, including 64 women and children. A U.S. drone operated from <a href="/wiki/Al_Udeid_Air_Base" title="Al Udeid Air Base">Al Udeid Air Base</a> had identified the gathering as civilians and the operators were reportedly surprised at the strike. According to U.S. Central Command, a prior ISIL counterattack that lasted several hours had nearly overran SDF positions and in response, U.S. special forces unit <a href="/wiki/Talon_Anvil" class="mw-redirect" title="Talon Anvil">Task Force 9</a> called in the airstrike. The U.S. military said the bombing killed 16 ISIL fighters and only officially confirmed four civilian deaths, as Central Command argued that some ISIL family members had taken up arms and therefore "could not strictly be classified as civilians". The incident was covered up by the SDF and Coalition and would not be revealed to the public until November 2021.<a href="#cite_note-327">[327]</a> On 23 March, the SDF announced full liberation of ISIL's enclave, concluding the battle of Baghuz Fawqani and capping off the campaign. The whereabouts of ISIL's leader <a href="/wiki/Abu_Bakr_al-Baghdadi" title="Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi">Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi</a> remained unknown at the time as the SDF transitioned into <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Syria_insurgency" title="Eastern Syria insurgency">counterinsurgency operations</a>.<a href="#cite_note-328">[328]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="SDF-Syrian_government_clashes">SDF-Syrian government clashes</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Deir_ez-Zor_campaign_(2017%E2%80%932019)&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: SDF-Syrian government clashes">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Khasham" title="Battle of Khasham">Battle of Khasham</a> and <a href="/wiki/Deir_ez-Zor_Governorate_clashes_(April_2018)" class="mw-redirect" title="Deir ez-Zor Governorate clashes (April 2018)">Deir ez-Zor Governorate clashes (April 2018)</a></div> During the night of 7 February 2018, US forces attacked positions of pro-Syrian government forces with airstrikes, following a pro-government incursion on the frontline with the SDF, stating it was out of self-defense of an SDF headquarters with US observers in <a href="/wiki/Khusham" class="mw-redirect" title="Khusham">Khusham</a>. US officials estimated that more than 100 members of the pro-government forces were killed.<a href="#cite_note-329">[329]</a> <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Defence_(Russia)" title="Ministry of Defence (Russia)">Russian Ministry of Defense</a> however stated that the pro-government forces were conducting reconnaissance missions against ISIL. An injured pro-government fighter also stated that SDF forces had infiltrated during the airstrikes in Tabiyyah region but were repelled.<a href="#cite_note-330">[330]</a> There were also reports by pro-opposition sources that clashes had erupted between SDF and SAA and allied pro-government forces.<a href="#cite_note-331">[331]</a> Pro-government <a href="/wiki/Al-Masdar_News" title="Al-Masdar News">Al-Masdar News</a> downplayed these statements and suggested they might have been a scare campaign led by opposition media.<a href="#cite_note-332">[332]</a> On 29 April 2018, the <a href="/wiki/Syrian_Army" title="Syrian Army">Syrian Army</a> launched an assault on four SDF-held villages on the eastern side of the Euphrates River, initially capturing them.<a href="#cite_note-reuters-333">[333]</a> According to the <a href="/wiki/Syrian_Observatory_for_Human_Rights" title="Syrian Observatory for Human Rights">Syrian Observatory for Human Rights</a> (SOHR), nine pro-government and six SDF-affiliated fighters were killed in the clashes.<a href="#cite_note-15dead-334">[334]</a> <a href="/wiki/Syrian_Democratic_Forces" title="Syrian Democratic Forces">SDF</a> spokesperson Kino Gabriel stated that the clashes were "supporting terrorism and an attempt to obstruct the war against terrorism".<a href="#cite_note-kinogabrielstatement-335">[335]</a> Several hours later, the SDF stated they recaptured all of the villages they lost,<a href="#cite_note-reuters-333">[333]</a><a href="#cite_note-336">[336]</a> Some local sources stated that <a href="/wiki/Combined_Joint_Task_Force_%E2%80%93_Operation_Inherent_Resolve" title="Combined Joint Task Force – Operation Inherent Resolve">US-led coalition</a> jets hit pro-government forces attacking the SDF,<a href="#cite_note-regaincities-337">[337]</a><a href="#cite_note-aljazeerasdfregain-338">[338]</a> although <a href="/wiki/The_Pentagon" title="The Pentagon">the Pentagon</a> stated they only conducted warning airstrikes and did not hit the pro-government troops directly.<a href="#cite_note-339">[339]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aftermath">Aftermath</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Deir_ez-Zor_campaign_(2017%E2%80%932019)&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Aftermath">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Syrian_Desert_campaign_(December_2017%E2%80%93present)" title="Syrian Desert campaign (December 2017–present)">Syrian Desert campaign (December 2017–present)</a> and <a href="/wiki/ISIL_insurgency_in_Iraq_(2017%E2%80%93present)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISIL insurgency in Iraq (2017–present)">ISIL insurgency in Iraq (2017–present)</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="ISIL_insurgency">ISIL insurgency</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Deir_ez-Zor_campaign_(2017%E2%80%932019)&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: ISIL insurgency">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Syria_insurgency" title="Eastern Syria insurgency">Eastern Syria insurgency</a></div> On 5 November 2018, the United States's <a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_Inspector_General,_U.S._Department_of_Defense" class="mw-redirect" title="Office of the Inspector General, U.S. Department of Defense">Department of Defense Inspector General</a> determined that ISIL had evolved into "an effective clandestine" insurgency force operating largely underground in both Iraq and Syria as it lost all territory in Iraq and only possessed 1 percent of Syrian territory at the time.<a href="#cite_note-340">[340]</a> The large scale simultaneous campaigns by the majority-Kurdish Syrian Democratic Forces, the Syrian government, and the Iraqi government to incrementally wrest territory from the Islamic State degraded the terror group's ability of <a href="/wiki/Power_projection" title="Power projection">power projection</a> and access to the resources and manpower it once took advantage of years prior.<a href="#cite_note-341">[341]</a> As ISIL lost more and more territory in both Iraq and Syria and became cornered in small pockets of territory such as in <a href="/wiki/As-Suwayda_offensive_(August%E2%80%93November_2018)" title="As-Suwayda offensive (August–November 2018)">al-Safa</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Syrian_Desert" title="Syrian Desert">Syrian Desert</a> and in the Hajin-Euphrates pocket, the veteran remnants of the group, as is seen with many organizations that utilize guerrilla warfare tactics and strategy, became increasingly dependent on insurgent strategies rather than the previous grand offensives it was able to conduct.<a href="#cite_note-342">[342]</a> As well as bolstering its propaganda efforts,<a href="#cite_note-auto2-225">[225]</a> many scattered ISIL fighters and loyalist <a href="/wiki/Sleeper_cell" class="mw-redirect" title="Sleeper cell">sleeper cells</a> melted into the local populace and continued terror bombings and attacks, prompting major counterinsurgency operations.<a href="#cite_note-343">[343]</a> On 17 January 2019, the SDF – after nearly capturing all of ISIL's Euphrates pocket – said, "With the help of the (U.S.-led) coalition, we will escalate our military operations to eliminate Daesh remnants and chase down their sleeper cells," stating their readiness to wage counterinsurgency operations against the Islamic State post-campaign.<a href="#cite_note-344">[344]</a> On 29 January the US <a href="/wiki/Director_of_National_Intelligence" title="Director of National Intelligence">Director of National Intelligence</a> <a href="/wiki/Dan_Coats" title="Dan Coats">Dan Coats</a> released his Worldwide Threat Assessment, stating that ISIL "very likely will continue to pursue external attacks from Iraq and Syria against regional and Western adversaries, including the United States." With the terror group's loss of physical territory, "ISIS will seek to exploit Sunni grievances, societal instability, and stretched security forces to regain territory in Iraq and Syria in the long term," returning to its "guerrilla warfare roots while continuing to plot attacks and direct its supporters worldwide". The assessment added that it did not expect the Assad government to focus on clearing ISIL from Syria post-US withdrawal.<a href="#cite_note-345">[345]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="ISIL_suspects_and_detainees">ISIL suspects and detainees</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Deir_ez-Zor_campaign_(2017%E2%80%932019)&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: ISIL suspects and detainees">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/D%C3%AArik_prison_escape_attempt" title="Dêrik prison escape attempt">Dêrik prison escape attempt</a> and <a href="/wiki/Al-Hawl_refugee_camp" title="Al-Hawl refugee camp">Al-Hawl refugee camp</a></div> On 21 February 2019, an Iraqi official stated that the SDF had transferred 150 ISIL militants to Iraqi authorities under a deal involving a total of 502, making it the single largest repatriation of ISIL members thus far.<a href="#cite_note-346">[346]</a> On 24 February, the Iraqi Government stated that they received 13 more ISIL suspects from the SDF. Some Iraqi officials stated that all 13 were of French origin.<a href="#cite_note-voa26-347">[347]</a> The Syrian Democratic Forces released 283 Syrians that were held for ISIL affiliation on 3 March. SDF authorities said the freed "have no Syrian blood on their hands," suggesting that they did not take part in any fighting. The move came after lobbying from tribal chiefs and other local officials.<a href="#cite_note-348">[348]</a> On 20 April 2019, <a href="/wiki/Kosovo" title="Kosovo">Kosovo</a> repatriated 110 of its citizens from Syria, including 72 children, 32 women, and four men suspected of fighting for ISIL. The men were arrested upon arrival back into the country. They flew back with the help of the U.S. military before police escorted them to an army barracks near the capital, <a href="/wiki/Pristina" title="Pristina">Pristina</a>.<a href="#cite_note-349">[349]</a> On the same day, <a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia</a> announced that it had repatriated and detained a Bosnian national suspected of fighting for ISIL.<a href="#cite_note-350">[350]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Deir_ez-Zor_campaign_(2017%E2%80%932019)&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><a href="/wiki/File:Asia_(orthographic_projection).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/28px-Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/42px-Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/56px-Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="541" data-file-height="541" /></a><a href="/wiki/Portal:Asia" title="Portal:Asia">Asia portal</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Abu_Bakr_al-Baghdadi" title="Death of Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi">Death of Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Syria_campaign_(September%E2%80%93December_2017)" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Syria campaign (September–December 2017)">Eastern Syria campaign (September–December 2017)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2017_Euphrates_Crossing_offensive" class="mw-redirect" title="2017 Euphrates Crossing offensive">2017 Euphrates Crossing offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Abu_Kamal_offensive" title="2017 Abu Kamal offensive">2017 Abu Kamal offensive</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sirte_(2016)" title="Battle of Sirte (2016)">Battle of Sirte (2016)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Derna_(2018)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Derna (2018)">Battle of Derna (2018)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mosul_(2016%E2%80%9317)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Mosul (2016–17)">Battle of Mosul (2016–17)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Marawi" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Marawi">Battle of Marawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Western_Iraq_campaign" title="2017 Western Iraq campaign">2017 Western Iraq campaign</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Deir_ez-Zor_campaign_(2017%E2%80%932019)&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/british-forces-air-strikes-in-iraq-monthly-list/raf-air-strikes-in-iraq-and-syria-september-2017">"RAF air strikes in Iraq and Syria: September 2017"</a>. GOV.UK. Retrieved 10 July 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=GOV.UK&rft.atitle=RAF+air+strikes+in+Iraq+and+Syria%3A+September+2017&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gov.uk%2Fgovernment%2Fpublications%2Fbritish-forces-air-strikes-in-iraq-monthly-list%2Fraf-air-strikes-in-iraq-and-syria-september-2017&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.defense.gouv.fr/operations/operations/points-de-situation/point-de-situation-des-operations-du-22-fevrier-2018">"Point de situation des opérations du 22 février 2018"</a>. 2018-02-22.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Point+de+situation+des+op%C3%A9rations+du+22+f%C3%A9vrier+2018&rft.date=2018-02-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.defense.gouv.fr%2Foperations%2Foperations%2Fpoints-de-situation%2Fpoint-de-situation-des-operations-du-22-fevrier-2018&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.defensie.nl/onderwerpen/missie-in-irak-en-oost-syrie/militaire-bijdrage">"Militaire bijdrage Nederland in Irak en Oost-Syrië"</a>. Netherlands Ministry of Defence. 20 October 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Militaire+bijdrage+Nederland+in+Irak+en+Oost-Syri%C3%AB&rft.pub=Netherlands+Ministry+of+Defence&rft.date=2020-10-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.defensie.nl%2Fonderwerpen%2Fmissie-in-irak-en-oost-syrie%2Fmilitaire-bijdrage&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rudaw.net/english/middleeast/syria/03122017">"YPG announce defeat of ISIS east of Euphrates"</a>. Rudaw. 3 December 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Rudaw&rft.atitle=YPG+announce+defeat+of+ISIS+east+of+Euphrates&rft.date=2017-12-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rudaw.net%2Fenglish%2Fmiddleeast%2Fsyria%2F03122017&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-resume-5">^ <a href="#cite_ref-resume_5-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-resume_5-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-resume_5-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-resume_5-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-mideast-crisis-syria-sdf/u-s-backed-syrian-forces-resume-battle-against-islamic-state-idUSKBN1I2390">"U.S.-backed Syrian forces resume battle against Islamic State"</a>. Reuters. 1 May 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=U.S.-backed+Syrian+forces+resume+battle+against+Islamic+State&rft.date=2018-05-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-mideast-crisis-syria-sdf%2Fu-s-backed-syrian-forces-resume-battle-against-islamic-state-idUSKBN1I2390&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-redraws-6">^ <a href="#cite_ref-redraws_6-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-redraws_6-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-redraws_6-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBBC_Monitoring2018" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/BBC_Monitoring" title="BBC Monitoring">BBC Monitoring</a> (11 October 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://monitoring.bbc.co.uk/product/c200anqo">"Explainer: IS redraws boundaries of its local Syrian 'branches'"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a>. Retrieved 16 November 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC&rft.atitle=Explainer%3A+IS+redraws+boundaries+of+its+local+Syrian+%27branches%27&rft.date=2018-10-11&rft.au=BBC+Monitoring&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmonitoring.bbc.co.uk%2Fproduct%2Fc200anqo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hawarnews.com/en/haber/sdf-announced-terrorism-defeat-battle-as-part-of-al-jazeera-tempest-campaign-h3684.html">"SDF announced 'Terrorism Defeat Battle' as part of al-Jazeera Tempest campaign – ANHA – Ajansa Nûçeyan a Hawar"</a>. Hawar News. 11 September 2018. Retrieved 11 September 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=SDF+announced+%27Terrorism+Defeat+Battle%27+as+part+of+al-Jazeera+Tempest+campaign+%E2%80%93+ANHA+%E2%80%93+Ajansa+N%C3%BB%C3%A7eyan+a+Hawar&rft.pub=Hawar+News&rft.date=2018-09-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhawarnews.com%2Fen%2Fhaber%2Fsdf-announced-terrorism-defeat-battle-as-part-of-al-jazeera-tempest-campaign-h3684.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-arabnews.com-8">^ <a href="#cite_ref-arabnews.com_8-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-arabnews.com_8-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.arabnews.com/node/1397091/middle-east">"Turkish attacks in Syria prompt SDF to halt to fight against Daesh"</a>. 31 October 2018. Retrieved 31 October 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Turkish+attacks+in+Syria+prompt+SDF+to+halt+to+fight+against+Daesh&rft.date=2018-10-31&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.arabnews.com%2Fnode%2F1397091%2Fmiddle-east&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-rudaw.net-9">^ <a href="#cite_ref-rudaw.net_9-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-rudaw.net_9-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rudaw.net/english/middleeast/syria/311020183">"SDF halts offensive against ISIS after Turkish attacks"</a>. Retrieved 31 October 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=SDF+halts+offensive+against+ISIS+after+Turkish+attacks&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rudaw.net%2Fenglish%2Fmiddleeast%2Fsyria%2F311020183&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-syria.liveuamap.com-10"><a href="#cite_ref-syria.liveuamap.com_10-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://syria.liveuamap.com/en/2019/25-february-isis-militants-surrendered-to-kurdishled-sdf">"ISIS militants surrendered to Kurdish-led SDF tonight in Baghouz"</a>. Retrieved 26 February 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ISIS+militants+surrendered+to+Kurdish-led+SDF+tonight+in+Baghouz.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsyria.liveuamap.com%2Fen%2F2019%2F25-february-isis-militants-surrendered-to-kurdishled-sdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-outcome-11"><a href="#cite_ref-outcome_11-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171027181350/http://en.hawarnews.com/al-jazeera-tempest-progress-outcome-in-a-month/">"Al-Jazeera Tempest progress outcome in a month – ANHA"</a>. en.hawarnews.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.hawarnews.com/al-jazeera-tempest-progress-outcome-in-a-month/">the original</a> on 27 October 2017. Retrieved 29 November 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=en.hawarnews.com&rft.atitle=Al-Jazeera+Tempest+progress+outcome+in+a+month+%E2%80%93+ANHA&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fen.hawarnews.com%2Fal-jazeera-tempest-progress-outcome-in-a-month%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-pause-12">^ <a href="#cite_ref-pause_12-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-pause_12-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-mideast-crisis-syria-turkey-pentagon/turkish-offensive-in-syria-leads-to-pause-in-some-operations-against-is-pentagon-idUSKBN1GH2YW">"Turkish offensive in Syria leads to pause in some operations against IS: Pentagon"</a>. Reuters. 6 March 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Turkish+offensive+in+Syria+leads+to+pause+in+some+operations+against+IS%3A+Pentagon&rft.pub=Reuters&rft.date=2018-03-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-mideast-crisis-syria-turkey-pentagon%2Fturkish-offensive-in-syria-leads-to-pause-in-some-operations-against-is-pentagon-idUSKBN1GH2YW&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2018/03/06/battle-against-isil-paused-syria-kurdish-fighters-battle-turkey/">"Battle against Isil 'paused in Syria' as Kurdish fighters battle Turkey"</a>. The Telegraph. Associated Press. 6 March 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220112/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2018/03/06/battle-against-isil-paused-syria-kurdish-fighters-battle-turkey/">Archived</a> from the original on 2022-01-12. Retrieved 10 July 2018 – via www.telegraph.co.uk.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Battle+against+Isil+%27paused+in+Syria%27+as+Kurdish+fighters+battle+Turkey&rft.date=2018-03-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2F2018%2F03%2F06%2Fbattle-against-isil-paused-syria-kurdish-fighters-battle-turkey%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.afp.com/en/news/826/us-backed-syria-force-redeploy-1700-fight-afrin-doc-1213h24">"Web & Mobile"</a>. 27 February 2012. Retrieved 10 July 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Web+%26+Mobile&rft.date=2012-02-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.afp.com%2Fen%2Fnews%2F826%2Fus-backed-syria-force-redeploy-1700-fight-afrin-doc-1213h24&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-fully_expelled-15">^ <a href="#cite_ref-fully_expelled_15-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-fully_expelled_15-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeith_Aboufadel2018" class="citation web cs1">Leith Aboufadel (4 August 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180804231713/https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/isis-fully-expelled-from-syria-iraq-border/">"ISIS fully expelled from Syria-Iraq border"</a>. Al-Masdar News. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/isis-fully-expelled-from-syria-iraq-border/">the original</a> on 4 August 2018. Retrieved 4 August 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ISIS+fully+expelled+from+Syria-Iraq+border&rft.pub=Al-Masdar+News&rft.date=2018-08-04&rft.au=Leith+Aboufadel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.almasdarnews.com%2Farticle%2Fisis-fully-expelled-from-syria-iraq-border%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2018/12/09/world/middleeast/isis-territory-syria-iraq.html">"Battered ISIS Keeps Grip on Last Piece of Territory for Over a Year"</a>. The New York Times. 9 December 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Battered+ISIS+Keeps+Grip+on+Last+Piece+of+Territory+for+Over+a+Year&rft.date=2018-12-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2018%2F12%2F09%2Fworld%2Fmiddleeast%2Fisis-territory-syria-iraq.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAboufadel2018" class="citation web cs1">Aboufadel, Leith (10 December 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181215023556/https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/sdf-troops-score-important-advance-against-daesh-near-iraqi-border/">"SDF troops score important advance against Daesh near Iraqi border"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/sdf-troops-score-important-advance-against-daesh-near-iraqi-border/">the original</a> on 15 December 2018. Retrieved 15 December 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=SDF+troops+score+important+advance+against+Daesh+near+Iraqi+border&rft.date=2018-12-10&rft.aulast=Aboufadel&rft.aufirst=Leith&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.almasdarnews.com%2Farticle%2Fsdf-troops-score-important-advance-against-daesh-near-iraqi-border%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-5000_fighters-18">^ <a href="#cite_ref-5000_fighters_18-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-5000_fighters_18-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEA_Worldview2018" class="citation web cs1">EA Worldview (15 December 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eaworldview.com/2018/12/syria-daily-kurds-led-sdf-close-taking-last-key-isis-town/">"Syria Daily: Kurds-Led SDF Close to Taking Last Key ISIS Town"</a>. Retrieved 15 December 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Syria+Daily%3A+Kurds-Led+SDF+Close+to+Taking+Last+Key+ISIS+Town&rft.date=2018-12-15&rft.au=EA+Worldview&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feaworldview.com%2F2018%2F12%2Fsyria-daily-kurds-led-sdf-close-taking-last-key-isis-town%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thenational.ae/world/mena/uk-hit-isis-with-10-airstrikes-during-christmas-period-1.811835">"UK hit ISIS with 10 airstrikes during Christmas period"</a>. The National. 10 January 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+National&rft.atitle=UK+hit+ISIS+with+10+airstrikes+during+Christmas+period&rft.date=2019-01-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thenational.ae%2Fworld%2Fmena%2Fuk-hit-isis-with-10-airstrikes-during-christmas-period-1.811835&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-soon-20">^ <a href="#cite_ref-soon_20-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-soon_20-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-soon_20-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-mideast-crisis-syria-deiralzor/u-s-backed-forces-to-attack-syrias-deir-al-zor-soon-sdf-official-idUSKCN1B516W">"U.S.-backed forces to attack Syria's Deir al-Zor soon: SDF official"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a>. 25 August 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=U.S.-backed+forces+to+attack+Syria%27s+Deir+al-Zor+soon%3A+SDF+official&rft.date=2017-08-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-mideast-crisis-syria-deiralzor%2Fu-s-backed-forces-to-attack-syrias-deir-al-zor-soon-sdf-official-idUSKCN1B516W&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-arrest-21">^ <a href="#cite_ref-arrest_21-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-arrest_21-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.syriahr.com/en/?p=75395">"Military police of SDF arrest leader of al-Bakkara Youth Gathering Yasser al-Dahla, the defected of Syrian Elite Forces"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Syrian_Observatory_for_Human_Rights" title="Syrian Observatory for Human Rights">Syrian Observatory for Human Rights</a>. 2 October 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Syrian+Observatory+for+Human+Rights&rft.atitle=Military+police+of+SDF+arrest+leader+of+al-Bakkara+Youth+Gathering+Yasser+al-Dahla%2C+the+defected+of+Syrian+Elite+Forces&rft.date=2017-10-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.syriahr.com%2Fen%2F%3Fp%3D75395&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171210072231/http://xeber24.org/archives/56373">"Yasser Al-Dahleh, with audio and video, refutes what the media has announced about his break-up and adherence to the regime"</a>. Xeber 24. 9 December 2017. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://xeber24.org/archives/56373">the original</a> on 10 December 2017. Retrieved 10 December 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Xeber+24&rft.atitle=Yasser+Al-Dahleh%2C+with+audio+and+video%2C+refutes+what+the+media+has+announced+about+his+break-up+and+adherence+to+the+regime&rft.date=2017-12-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fxeber24.org%2Farchives%2F56373&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://anfenglish.com/news/ypj-commander-we-will-reach-the-euphrates-river-soon-22045">"YPJ Commander: We will reach the Euphrates River soon"</a>. ANF News. 11 September 2017. Retrieved 12 September 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ANF+News&rft.atitle=YPJ+Commander%3A+We+will+reach+the+Euphrates+River+soon&rft.date=2017-09-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fanfenglish.com%2Fnews%2Fypj-commander-we-will-reach-the-euphrates-river-soon-22045&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hawarnews.com/en/haber/rojda-felat-by-womens-leadership-historic-victory-achieved-in-al-raqqa-h4389.html">"Rojda Felat: by women's leadership, historic victory achieved in al-Raqqa"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hawar_News_Agency" title="Hawar News Agency">Hawar News Agency</a>. 20 October 2018. Retrieved 22 November 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Hawar+News+Agency&rft.atitle=Rojda+Felat%3A+by+women%27s+leadership%2C+historic+victory+achieved+in+al-Raqqa&rft.date=2018-10-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hawarnews.com%2Fen%2Fhaber%2Frojda-felat-by-womens-leadership-historic-victory-achieved-in-al-raqqa-h4389.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRami_Zien2017" class="citation web cs1">Rami Zien (13 September 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170915142547/http://www.qasioun.net/en/news/show/96218/Blast_Kills_and_Injures_Dozen_of_SDF_Troops_Including_a_Senior_Commander">"Blast Kills and Injures Dozen of SDF Troops Including a Senior Commander"</a>. Qasioun News. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.qasioun.net/en/news/show/96218/Blast_Kills_and_Injures_Dozen_of_SDF_Troops_Including_a_Senior_Commander">the original</a> on 15 September 2017. Retrieved 13 September 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Qasioun+News&rft.atitle=Blast+Kills+and+Injures+Dozen+of+SDF+Troops+Including+a+Senior+Commander&rft.date=2017-09-13&rft.au=Rami+Zien&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.qasioun.net%2Fen%2Fnews%2Fshow%2F96218%2FBlast_Kills_and_Injures_Dozen_of_SDF_Troops_Including_a_Senior_Commander&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-manbij-26">^ <a href="#cite_ref-manbij_26-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-manbij_26-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEric_SchmittRod_Rordland2018" class="citation news cs1">Eric Schmitt; Rod Rordland (28 February 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2018/02/28/world/middleeast/syrian-kurds-isis-american-offensive.html?smid=tw-share">"Amid Turkish Assault, Kurdish Forces Are Drawn Away From U.S. Fight With ISIS"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. Retrieved 28 February 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Amid+Turkish+Assault%2C+Kurdish+Forces+Are+Drawn+Away+From+U.S.+Fight+With+ISIS&rft.date=2018-02-28&rft.au=Eric+Schmitt&rft.au=Rod+Rordland&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2018%2F02%2F28%2Fworld%2Fmiddleeast%2Fsyrian-kurds-isis-american-offensive.html%3Fsmid%3Dtw-share&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-MFS-27">^ <a href="#cite_ref-MFS_27-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-MFS_27-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180201000648/https://en.hawarnews.com/syriac-commander-our-forces-effectively-participate-in-al-jazeera-tempest/">"Syriac commander: Our forces effectively participate in al-Jazeera Tempest"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hawar_News_Agency" title="Hawar News Agency">Hawar News Agency</a>. 30 November 2017. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.hawarnews.com/syriac-commander-our-forces-effectively-participate-in-al-jazeera-tempest/">the original</a> on 1 February 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Hawar+News+Agency&rft.atitle=Syriac+commander%3A+Our+forces+effectively+participate+in+al-Jazeera+Tempest&rft.date=2017-11-30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fen.hawarnews.com%2Fsyriac-commander-our-forces-effectively-participate-in-al-jazeera-tempest%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Nattoreh-28">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Nattoreh_28-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nattoreh_28-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAgiri_Ibrahim2017" class="citation web cs1">Agiri Ibrahim (5 October 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171019191958/http://en.hawarnews.com/naturo-participate-in-al-jazeera-tempest/">"NATURO participate in al-Jazeera Tempest"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hawar_News_Agency" title="Hawar News Agency">Hawar News Agency</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.hawarnews.com/naturo-participate-in-al-jazeera-tempest/">the original</a> on 19 October 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Hawar+News+Agency&rft.atitle=NATURO+participate+in+al-Jazeera+Tempest&rft.date=2017-10-05&rft.au=Agiri+Ibrahim&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fen.hawarnews.com%2Fnaturo-participate-in-al-jazeera-tempest%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-reduced_to_two-29">^ <a href="#cite_ref-reduced_to_two_29-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-reduced_to_two_29-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrancesco_Bussoletti2018" class="citation web cs1">Francesco Bussoletti (29 June 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.difesaesicurezza.com/en/defence/syria-the-isis-pockets-of-resistance-at-deir-ezzor-are-reduced-to-two/">"Syria, the Isis pockets of resistance at Deir Ezzor are reduced to two"</a>. Difesa & Sicurezza. Retrieved 6 July 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Syria%2C+the+Isis+pockets+of+resistance+at+Deir+Ezzor+are+reduced+to+two&rft.pub=Difesa+%26+Sicurezza&rft.date=2018-06-29&rft.au=Francesco+Bussoletti&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.difesaesicurezza.com%2Fen%2Fdefence%2Fsyria-the-isis-pockets-of-resistance-at-deir-ezzor-are-reduced-to-two%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-commander-30">^ <a href="#cite_ref-commander_30-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-commander_30-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMohamad_Alaa2018" class="citation news cs1">Mohamad Alaa (30 January 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://smartnews-agency.com/en/wires/361121/international-coalition-airstrike-kills-is-commander-in-deir-alzor">"International Coalition airstrike kills IS commander in Deir al-Zor"</a>. SMART News. Retrieved 21 November 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=SMART+News&rft.atitle=International+Coalition+airstrike+kills+IS+commander+in+Deir+al-Zor&rft.date=2018-01-30&rft.au=Mohamad+Alaa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsmartnews-agency.com%2Fen%2Fwires%2F361121%2Finternational-coalition-airstrike-kills-is-commander-in-deir-alzor&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot">permanent dead link</a>‍] </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171006091134/http://www.aldorars.com/en/news/1935">"(IS) Group senior leader fled to Al-Hasaka"</a>. El-Dorar Al-Shamia. 3 October 2017. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aldorars.com/en/news/1935">the original</a> on 6 October 2017. Retrieved 5 October 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=El-Dorar+Al-Shamia&rft.atitle=%28IS%29+Group+senior+leader+fled+to+Al-Hasaka&rft.date=2017-10-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aldorars.com%2Fen%2Fnews%2F1935&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-5_top-32">^ <a href="#cite_ref-5_top_32-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-5_top_32-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-5_top_32-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-5_top_32-3">d</a> (Senior commander)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJeff_Pegues2018" class="citation web cs1">Jeff Pegues (10 May 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbsnews.com/news/us-iraqi-operation-top-isis-leaders-captured-today-2018-05-10/">"5 top ISIS leaders captured in latest blow to militant group"</a>. CBS News. Retrieved 7 July 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CBS+News&rft.atitle=5+top+ISIS+leaders+captured+in+latest+blow+to+militant+group&rft.date=2018-05-10&rft.au=Jeff+Pegues&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbsnews.com%2Fnews%2Fus-iraqi-operation-top-isis-leaders-captured-today-2018-05-10%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171008231334/http://en.hawarnews.com/illiterate-is-amir-narrated-his-story-of-joining-is-1/">"Illiterate IS amir narrated his story of joining IS –1"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hawar_News_Agency" title="Hawar News Agency">Hawar News Agency</a>. 8 October 2017. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.hawarnews.com/illiterate-is-amir-narrated-his-story-of-joining-is-1/">the original</a> on 8 October 2017. Retrieved 8 October 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Hawar+News+Agency&rft.atitle=Illiterate+IS+amir+narrated+his+story+of+joining+IS+%E2%80%931&rft.date=2017-10-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fen.hawarnews.com%2Filliterate-is-amir-narrated-his-story-of-joining-is-1%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-mastermind-34">^ <a href="#cite_ref-mastermind_34-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-mastermind_34-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-mastermind_34-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rudaw.net/english/middleeast/syria/01012018">"Mastermind of 2016 ISIS attack on Qamishli killed in special op: YPG"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Rudaw_Media_Network" title="Rudaw Media Network">Rudaw Media Network</a>. 1 January 2018. Retrieved 11 January 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Rudaw+Media+Network&rft.atitle=Mastermind+of+2016+ISIS+attack+on+Qamishli+killed+in+special+op%3A+YPG&rft.date=2018-01-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rudaw.net%2Fenglish%2Fmiddleeast%2Fsyria%2F01012018&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-KUNA-35"><a href="#cite_ref-KUNA_35-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kuna.net.kw/ArticleDetails.aspx?id=2687787&language=en">"Military operations continue against IS leaders"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Kuwait_News_Agency" title="Kuwait News Agency">Kuwait News Agency</a>. 2 February 2018. Retrieved 9 February 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Kuwait+News+Agency&rft.atitle=Military+operations+continue+against+IS+leaders&rft.date=2018-02-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.kuna.net.kw%2FArticleDetails.aspx%3Fid%3D2687787%26language%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181021232256/https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/infamous-isis-commander-killed-in-eastern-deir-ezzor/">"Infamous ISIS commander killed in eastern Deir Ezzor"</a>. 21 October 2018. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/infamous-isis-commander-killed-in-eastern-deir-ezzor/">the original</a> on 21 October 2018. Retrieved 31 October 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Infamous+ISIS+commander+killed+in+eastern+Deir+Ezzor&rft.date=2018-10-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.almasdarnews.com%2Farticle%2Finfamous-isis-commander-killed-in-eastern-deir-ezzor%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrancesco_Bussoletti2018" class="citation web cs1">Francesco Bussoletti (6 November 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.difesaesicurezza.com/en/defence/syria-some-isis-chiefs-killed-at-deir-ezzor-are-sand-hippos-already-in-action/">"Syria, some Isis chiefs killed at Deir Ezzor. Are Sand Hippos already in action?"</a>. Difesaesicurezza.com. Retrieved 2019-03-26.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Syria%2C+some+Isis+chiefs+killed+at+Deir+Ezzor.+Are+Sand+Hippos+already+in+action%3F&rft.pub=Difesaesicurezza.com&rft.date=2018-11-06&rft.au=Francesco+Bussoletti&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.difesaesicurezza.com%2Fen%2Fdefence%2Fsyria-some-isis-chiefs-killed-at-deir-ezzor-are-sand-hippos-already-in-action%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Vanguardia-38">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Vanguardia_38-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Vanguardia_38-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Vanguardia_38-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Vanguardia_38-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Vanguardia_38-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Vanguardia_38-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Vanguardia_38-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Vanguardia_38-7">h</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lavanguardia.com/internacional/20180202/44475117438/el-pentagono-informa-de-la-muerte-de-seis-presuntos-lideres-del-ei-en-siria.html">"El Pentágono informa de la muerte de seis presuntos líderes del EI en Siria"</a> (in Spanish). La Vanguardia. 2 February 2018. Retrieved 9 February 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=El+Pent%C3%A1gono+informa+de+la+muerte+de+seis+presuntos+l%C3%ADderes+del+EI+en+Siria&rft.pub=La+Vanguardia&rft.date=2018-02-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lavanguardia.com%2Finternacional%2F20180202%2F44475117438%2Fel-pentagono-informa-de-la-muerte-de-seis-presuntos-lideres-del-ei-en-siria.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThomas_Joscelyn2018" class="citation web cs1">Thomas Joscelyn (19 June 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2018/06/us-led-coalition-targets-islamic-states-oil-and-gas-network.php">"US-led coalition targets Islamic State's oil and gas network"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Long_War_Journal" class="mw-redirect" title="Long War Journal">Long War Journal</a>. Retrieved 22 June 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Long+War+Journal&rft.atitle=US-led+coalition+targets+Islamic+State%27s+oil+and+gas+network&rft.date=2018-06-19&rft.au=Thomas+Joscelyn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.longwarjournal.org%2Farchives%2F2018%2F06%2Fus-led-coalition-targets-islamic-states-oil-and-gas-network.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-tempest-40">^ <a href="#cite_ref-tempest_40-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-tempest_40-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-tempest_40-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-tempest_40-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171111213405/http://en.hawarnews.com/mdc-declared-al-jazeera-tempest-campaign/">"MDC declared "al-Jazeera Tempest" campaign"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hawar_News_Agency" title="Hawar News Agency">Hawar News Agency</a>. 9 September 2017. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.hawarnews.com/mdc-declared-al-jazeera-tempest-campaign/">the original</a> on 11 November 2017. Retrieved 13 September 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Hawar+News+Agency&rft.atitle=MDC+declared+%22al-Jazeera+Tempest%22+campaign&rft.date=2017-09-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fen.hawarnews.com%2Fmdc-declared-al-jazeera-tempest-campaign%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.syriahr.com/en/?p=73900">"The Gathering of Al-Bakkara Youth continues their battle and get closer to the hometown of the Sheikh of Bakkara"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Syrian_Observatory_for_Human_Rights" title="Syrian Observatory for Human Rights">Syrian Observatory for Human Rights</a>. 10 September 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Syrian+Observatory+for+Human+Rights&rft.atitle=The+Gathering+of+Al-Bakkara+Youth+continues+their+battle+and+get+closer+to+the+hometown+of+the+Sheikh+of+Bakkara&rft.date=2017-09-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.syriahr.com%2Fen%2F%3Fp%3D73900&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-hajin_interview-42">^ <a href="#cite_ref-hajin_interview_42-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-hajin_interview_42-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAymenn_Jawad_Al-Tamimi2018" class="citation web cs1">Aymenn Jawad Al-Tamimi (28 September 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aymennjawad.org/2018/09/hajin-in-deir-az-zor-interview">"Hajin in Deir az-Zor: Interview"</a>. Retrieved 20 February 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hajin+in+Deir+az-Zor%3A+Interview&rft.date=2018-09-28&rft.au=Aymenn+Jawad+Al-Tamimi&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aymennjawad.org%2F2018%2F09%2Fhajin-in-deir-az-zor-interview&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ekurd.net/spanish-syrian-kurds-killed-2018-05-28">"Spanish warrior fighting with Syrian Kurds killed in battle against IS"</a>. Ekurd. 28 May 2018. Retrieved 16 March 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ekurd&rft.atitle=Spanish+warrior+fighting+with+Syrian+Kurds+killed+in+battle+against+IS&rft.date=2018-05-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fekurd.net%2Fspanish-syrian-kurds-killed-2018-05-28&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRojavaCudi" class="citation web cs1">RojavaCudi. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://twitter.com/RojavaCudi/status/1054116768715862018/video/1">"Rojava Resistance on Twitter: "Video of #SDF forces (YPG/J and al Sanadid) clashing with #ISIS and calling in airstrikes north of Hajinâ€Ś ""</a>. Twitter.com. Retrieved 2019-03-26.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Rojava+Resistance+on+Twitter%3A+%22Video+of+%23SDF+forces+%28YPG%2FJ+and+al+Sanadid%29+clashing+with+%23ISIS+and+calling+in+airstrikes+north+of+Hajin%C3%A2%E2%82%AC%C5%9A+%22&rft.pub=Twitter.com&rft.au=RojavaCudi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftwitter.com%2FRojavaCudi%2Fstatus%2F1054116768715862018%2Fvideo%2F1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEtienne_Monin2019" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Etienne Monin (18 February 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.francetvinfo.fr/monde/proche-orient/offensive-jihadiste-en-irak/des-civils-quittent-baghouz-dernier-reduit-du-califat-si-tu-es-passee-par-ici-tu-es-sur-la-liste-noire-pour-le-reste-de-ta-vie_3195067.html">"Des civils quittent Baghouz, dernier réduit du "califat" : "Si tu es passée par ici, tu es sur la liste noire pour le reste de ta vie""</a> [Civilians leave Baghouz, the last cut of the "caliphate": "If you've been here, you're on the black list for the rest of your life"]. Radio France (in French). Retrieved 18 February 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Radio+France&rft.atitle=Des+civils+quittent+Baghouz%2C+dernier+r%C3%A9duit+du+%22califat%22+%3A+%22Si+tu+es+pass%C3%A9e+par+ici%2C+tu+es+sur+la+liste+noire+pour+le+reste+de+ta+vie%22&rft.date=2019-02-18&rft.au=Etienne+Monin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.francetvinfo.fr%2Fmonde%2Fproche-orient%2Foffensive-jihadiste-en-irak%2Fdes-civils-quittent-baghouz-dernier-reduit-du-califat-si-tu-es-passee-par-ici-tu-es-sur-la-liste-noire-pour-le-reste-de-ta-vie_3195067.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yshjcNTqJR0">"‫قواتنا تتمكن من تفجير سيارة ذخيرة لداعش في دير الزور 24/2/2019"</a>. YouTube. 2019-02-24. Retrieved 2019-03-26.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%26%23x202B%3B%D9%82%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%A7+%D8%AA%D8%AA%D9%85%D9%83%D9%86+%D9%85%D9%86+%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%B1+%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9+%D8%B0%D8%AE%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A9+%D9%84%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%B4+%D9%81%D9%8A+%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%B1+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B2%D9%88%D8%B1+24%2F2%2F2019&rft.pub=YouTube&rft.date=2019-02-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DyshjcNTqJR0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-withdraw-47">^ <a href="#cite_ref-withdraw_47-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-withdraw_47-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-withdraw_47-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180308041607/http://en.hawarnews.com/we-will-withdraw-our-forces-from-east-of-euphrates-send-them-to-the-fronts-of-afrin/">"We will withdraw our forces from east of Euphrates, send them to the fronts of Afrin"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hawar_News_Agency" title="Hawar News Agency">Hawar News Agency</a>. 6 March 2018. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.hawarnews.com/we-will-withdraw-our-forces-from-east-of-euphrates-send-them-to-the-fronts-of-afrin/">the original</a> on 8 March 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Hawar+News+Agency&rft.atitle=We+will+withdraw+our+forces+from+east+of+Euphrates%2C+send+them+to+the+fronts+of+Afrin&rft.date=2018-03-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fen.hawarnews.com%2Fwe-will-withdraw-our-forces-from-east-of-euphrates-send-them-to-the-fronts-of-afrin%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSyriacMilitaryMFS2018" class="citation web cs1">SyriacMilitaryMFS (29 October 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://twitter.com/SyriacMFS/status/1056825627830112257">"SyriacMilitaryMFS on Twitter: "#Syriac Military Council, MFS also is sending special forces as reinforcements with the SDF amid ongoing hard battle against ISIS in the various fronts in the Deir ez Zor region for the total liberation of the area and safety of the population with @coalition & @CENTCOM"</a>. Twitter.com. Retrieved 26 March 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=SyriacMilitaryMFS+on+Twitter%3A+%22%23Syriac+Military+Council%2C+MFS+also+is+sending+special+forces+as+reinforcements+with+the+SDF+amid+ongoing+hard+battle+against+ISIS+in+the+various+fronts+in+the+Deir+ez+Zor+region+for+the+total+liberation+of+the+area+and+safety+of+the+population+with+%40coalition+%26+%40CENTCOM.&rft.pub=Twitter.com&rft.date=2018-10-29&rft.au=SyriacMilitaryMFS&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftwitter.com%2FSyriacMFS%2Fstatus%2F1056825627830112257&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170921110923/http://en.hawarnews.com/self-defense-duty-fighters-we-willingly-join-al-jazeera-tempest/">"Self-Defense Duty fighters: we willingly join al-Jazeera Tempest"</a>. Hawar News Agency. 20 September 2017. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.hawarnews.com/self-defense-duty-fighters-we-willingly-join-al-jazeera-tempest/">the original</a> on 21 September 2017. Retrieved 22 September 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Hawar+News+Agency&rft.atitle=Self-Defense+Duty+fighters%3A+we+willingly+join+al-Jazeera+Tempest&rft.date=2017-09-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fen.hawarnews.com%2Fself-defense-duty-fighters-we-willingly-join-al-jazeera-tempest%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ypgrojava.org/A-thousand-civilians-rescued-in-Deir-ez-Zor-operation">"A thousand civilians rescued in Deir ez-Zor operation"</a>. <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Protection_Units" class="mw-redirect" title="People's Protection Units">YPG</a>. 22 September 2017. Retrieved 22 September 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=YPG&rft.atitle=A+thousand+civilians+rescued+in+Deir+ez-Zor+operation&rft.date=2017-09-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ypgrojava.org%2FA-thousand-civilians-rescued-in-Deir-ez-Zor-operation&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWladimir_van_Wilgenburg2019" class="citation web cs1">Wladimir van Wilgenburg (18 March 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kurdistan24.net/en/news/f4880a04-3486-47f9-b26e-cbc052cc2b6c">"Italian volunteer killed in fight against ISIS"</a>. Kurdistan24. Retrieved 18 March 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Kurdistan24&rft.atitle=Italian+volunteer+killed+in+fight+against+ISIS&rft.date=2019-03-18&rft.au=Wladimir+van+Wilgenburg&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kurdistan24.net%2Fen%2Fnews%2Ff4880a04-3486-47f9-b26e-cbc052cc2b6c&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlexander_Falconer2018" class="citation web cs1">Alexander Falconer (3 June 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eldorar.com/en/node/5833">"SDF Takes Control of Broad Area Near Iraqi Border With Help From PM"</a>. El-Dorar Al-Shamia. Retrieved 13 September 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=El-Dorar+Al-Shamia&rft.atitle=SDF+Takes+Control+of+Broad+Area+Near+Iraqi+Border+With+Help+From+PM&rft.date=2018-06-03&rft.au=Alexander+Falconer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feldorar.com%2Fen%2Fnode%2F5833&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-start-53">^ <a href="#cite_ref-start_53-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-start_53-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-start_53-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.syriahr.com/en/?p=74162">"After carrying out the first massacre by the International Coalition since the start of "Jazeera Storm" Operation, Deir Ezzor Military Council continues its operation to control al-Shehabat area"</a>. SOHR. 13 September 2017. Retrieved 13 September 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=SOHR&rft.atitle=After+carrying+out+the+first+massacre+by+the+International+Coalition+since+the+start+of+%22Jazeera+Storm%22+Operation%2C+Deir+Ezzor+Military+Council+continues+its+operation+to+control+al-Shehabat+area&rft.date=2017-09-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.syriahr.com%2Fen%2F%3Fp%3D74162&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170912065702/http://www.aldorars.com/en/news/1479">"SDF militias Finishing up preparations to attack Deir al-Zour"</a>. El-Dorar Al-Shamia. 7 September 2017. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aldorars.com/en/news/1479">the original</a> on 12 September 2017. Retrieved 9 September 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=El-Dorar+Al-Shamia&rft.atitle=SDF+militias+Finishing+up+preparations+to+attack+Deir+al-Zour&rft.date=2017-09-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aldorars.com%2Fen%2Fnews%2F1479&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-46772412">"Two British soldiers injured in Islamic State attack in Syria"</a>. BBC News. 6 January 2019. Retrieved 2019-03-26.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Two+British+soldiers+injured+in+Islamic+State+attack+in+Syria&rft.date=2019-01-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fuk-46772412&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMerrill2019" class="citation news cs1">Merrill, Jamie (5 January 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2019/01/05/two-british-soldiers-seriously-injured-isil-missile-attack-syria/">"Two British soldiers seriously injured in Isil missile attack in Syria"</a>. The Daily Telegraph. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220112/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2019/01/05/two-british-soldiers-seriously-injured-isil-missile-attack-syria/">Archived</a> from the original on 2022-01-12. Retrieved 6 January 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Two+British+soldiers+seriously+injured+in+Isil+missile+attack+in+Syria&rft.date=2019-01-05&rft.aulast=Merrill&rft.aufirst=Jamie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2F2019%2F01%2F05%2Ftwo-british-soldiers-seriously-injured-isil-missile-attack-syria%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/feb/10/foreign-isis-fighters-launched-failed-coup-attempt-say-witnesses">"'The fighting was intense': witness tells of two-day attempt to kill Isis leader | World news"</a>. The Guardian. 10 February 2019. Retrieved 2019-03-26.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=%27The+fighting+was+intense%27%3A+witness+tells+of+two-day+attempt+to+kill+Isis+leader+%26%23124%3B+World+news&rft.date=2019-02-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2019%2Ffeb%2F10%2Fforeign-isis-fighters-launched-failed-coup-attempt-say-witnesses&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLaurent_Lagneau2018" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Laurent Lagneau (10 November 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200929231147/https://www.opex360.com/2018/11/10/les-artilleurs-francais-ont-realise-54-missions-de-tir-contre-daesh-au-cours-de-ces-derniers-jours/">"Les artilleurs français ont réalisé 54 missions de tir contre Daesh au cours de ces derniers jours"</a> [French artillerymen have carried out 54 fire missions against Daesh in recent days] (in French). Opex360. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.opex360.com/2018/11/10/les-artilleurs-francais-ont-realise-54-missions-de-tir-contre-daesh-au-cours-de-ces-derniers-jours/">the original</a> on 29 September 2020. Retrieved 7 February 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Les+artilleurs+fran%C3%A7ais+ont+r%C3%A9alis%C3%A9+54+missions+de+tir+contre+Daesh+au+cours+de+ces+derniers+jours&rft.pub=Opex360&rft.date=2018-11-10&rft.au=Laurent+Lagneau&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.opex360.com%2F2018%2F11%2F10%2Fles-artilleurs-francais-ont-realise-54-missions-de-tir-contre-daesh-au-cours-de-ces-derniers-jours%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ISIL_hub-59"><a href="#cite_ref-ISIL_hub_59-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.france24.com/en/20181214-syria-iraq-usa-group-islamic-state-jihadists">"Kurdish-led forces retake IS group hub in east Syria"</a>. France24. 14 December 2018. Retrieved 15 December 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Kurdish-led+forces+retake+IS+group+hub+in+east+Syria&rft.pub=France24&rft.date=2018-12-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.france24.com%2Fen%2F20181214-syria-iraq-usa-group-islamic-state-jihadists&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAndrew_Illingworth2018" class="citation news cs1">Andrew Illingworth (25 January 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/8000-11000-isis-militants-still-present-across-syria-estimates/">"8,000 to 11,000 ISIS militants still present across Syria – estimates"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Al-Masdar_News" title="Al-Masdar News">Al-Masdar News</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201128084635/https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/8000-11000-isis-militants-still-present-across-syria-estimates/">Archived</a> from the original on 28 November 2020. Retrieved 7 February 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Al-Masdar+News&rft.atitle=8%2C000+to+11%2C000+ISIS+militants+still+present+across+Syria+%E2%80%93+estimates&rft.date=2018-01-25&rft.au=Andrew+Illingworth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.almasdarnews.com%2Farticle%2F8000-11000-isis-militants-still-present-across-syria-estimates%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-just_as_many-61"><a href="#cite_ref-just_as_many_61-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKeller2018" class="citation web cs1">Keller, Jared (15 August 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://taskandpurpose.com/number-isis-fighters-iraq-syria/">"ISIS Has Just As Many Fighters In Iraq And Syria As It Did 4 Years Ago"</a>. Task & Purpose. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210329162111/https://taskandpurpose.com/bulletpoints/number-isis-fighters-iraq-syria/">Archived</a> from the original on 29 March 2021. Retrieved 7 February 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ISIS+Has+Just+As+Many+Fighters+In+Iraq+And+Syria+As+It+Did+4+Years+Ago&rft.pub=Task+%26+Purpose&rft.date=2018-08-15&rft.aulast=Keller&rft.aufirst=Jared&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftaskandpurpose.com%2Fnumber-isis-fighters-iraq-syria%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJeff_Seldin2018" class="citation news cs1">Jeff Seldin (14 August 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210902094941/https://www.voanews.com/middle-east/far-dead-tens-thousands-fighters-linger-iraq-syria">"Far From Dead: Tens of Thousands of IS Fighters Linger in Iraq, Syria"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Voice_of_America" title="Voice of America">Voice of America</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.voanews.com/a/far-from-dead-tens-of-thousands-of-is-fighters-linger-in-iraq-syria/4527452.html">the original</a> on 2 September 2021. Retrieved 7 February 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Voice+of+America&rft.atitle=Far+From+Dead%3A+Tens+of+Thousands+of+IS+Fighters+Linger+in+Iraq%2C+Syria&rft.date=2018-08-14&rft.au=Jeff+Seldin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.voanews.com%2Fa%2Ffar-from-dead-tens-of-thousands-of-is-fighters-linger-in-iraq-syria%2F4527452.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-2017balance-63">^ <a href="#cite_ref-2017balance_63-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-2017balance_63-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190503192608/https://www.ypgrojava.org/2017-Balance-Sheet-of-War-%E2%80%93-Syrian-Democratic-Forces">"2017 Balance Sheet of War – Syrian Democratic Forces"</a>. 3 January 2018. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ypgrojava.org/2017-Balance-Sheet-of-War-%E2%80%93-Syrian-Democratic-Forces">the original</a> on 3 May 2019. Retrieved 8 February 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2017+Balance+Sheet+of+War+%E2%80%93+Syrian+Democratic+Forces&rft.date=2018-01-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ypgrojava.org%2F2017-Balance-Sheet-of-War-%25E2%2580%2593-Syrian-Democratic-Forces&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ypgrojava.org/Results-of-battles-and-resistance-of-YPG-throughout-2018">"Results of battles and resistance of YPG throughout 2018"</a>. Ypgrojava.org. Retrieved 2019-03-26.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Results+of+battles+and+resistance+of+YPG+throughout+2018&rft.pub=Ypgrojava.org&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ypgrojava.org%2FResults-of-battles-and-resistance-of-YPG-throughout-2018&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://anfenglish.com/rojava-syria/sdf-balance-sheet-of-war-and-resistance-for-2019-40551">"SDF balance sheet of war and resistance for 2019"</a>. anfenglish.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=anfenglish.com&rft.atitle=SDF+balance+sheet+of+war+and+resistance+for+2019&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fanfenglish.com%2Frojava-syria%2Fsdf-balance-sheet-of-war-and-resistance-for-2019-40551&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-toll-66">^ <a href="#cite_ref-toll_66-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-toll_66-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-toll_66-2">c</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.syriahr.com/en/?p=121810">With the declaration of victory over it east of Euphrates, hundreds of families of abducted people call on the Coalition and SDF to reveal their fate at ISIS</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.syriahr.com/?p=306473">مع رفض من تبقى من قادته وعناصره الاستسلام لقسد والتحالف…تنظيم "الدولة الإسلامية" يهاجم الإيرانيين والنظام عبر نهر الفرات لإيجاد ممر آمن نحو البادية السورية</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.syriahr.com/en/?p=118604">7 ISIS members killed in clashes against Iranian militias and the regime forces as they attempt to cross Euphrates River near al-Bokamal</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.syriahr.com/en/?p=104384">"At least 45 fighters of SDF were killed and captured and tens others ran away as a result of carrying out the most violent counterattack by the organization in a month of military operations in the east of the Euphrates"</a>. 10 October 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=At+least+45+fighters+of+SDF+were+killed+and+captured+and+tens+others+ran+away+as+a+result+of+carrying+out+the+most+violent+counterattack+by+the+organization+in+a+month+of+military+operations+in+the+east+of+the+Euphrates&rft.date=2018-10-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.syriahr.com%2Fen%2F%3Fp%3D104384&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a> 17 killed (2 Jan.),<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://en.hawarnews.com/al-jazeera-tempest-liberates-2-neighborhoods-on-115th-day/">[1]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180309044227/http://en.hawarnews.com/al-jazeera-tempest-liberates-2-neighborhoods-on-115th-day/">Archived</a> 2018-03-09 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> 21 killed (3 Jan.),<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://en.hawarnews.com/al-jazeera-tempest-3-villages-liberated-2/">[2]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180311155631/http://en.hawarnews.com/al-jazeera-tempest-3-villages-liberated-2/">Archived</a> 2018-03-11 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> 11 killed (4 Jan.),<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://en.hawarnews.com/al-jazeera-tempest-liberates-al-jadealya-elias-villages/">[3]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180217110434/http://en.hawarnews.com/al-jazeera-tempest-liberates-al-jadealya-elias-villages/">Archived</a> 2018-02-17 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> 27 killed (7 Jan.),<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://en.hawarnews.com/al-jazeera-tempest-foiled-is-attack-downed-3-drones/">[4]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180313162909/http://en.hawarnews.com/al-jazeera-tempest-foiled-is-attack-downed-3-drones/">Archived</a> 2018-03-13 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> 154 killed (9 Jan.),<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://en.hawarnews.com/al-jazeera-tempest-killed-151-mercenaries-in-granij/">[5]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180316130232/http://en.hawarnews.com/al-jazeera-tempest-killed-151-mercenaries-in-granij/">Archived</a> 2018-03-16 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> 17 killed (12 Jan.),<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://en.hawarnews.com/al-jazeera-tempest-17-mercenaries-killed-near-hajin/">[6]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180306202446/http://en.hawarnews.com/al-jazeera-tempest-17-mercenaries-killed-near-hajin/">Archived</a> 2018-03-06 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> 51 killed (18 Jan.),<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://en.hawarnews.com/al-jazeera-tempest-aborting-a-mercenaries-attack-killing-51/">[7]</a> total of 298 reported killed </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRempfer2018" class="citation web cs1">Rempfer, Kyle (3 October 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.militarytimes.com/news/your-air-force/2018/10/03/last-pocket-of-isis-fighters-surrounded-dod-official-says/">"'Last pocket of ISIS' fighters surrounded, DoD official says"</a>. Military Times. Retrieved 15 December 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Military+Times&rft.atitle=%27Last+pocket+of+ISIS%27+fighters+surrounded%2C+DoD+official+says&rft.date=2018-10-03&rft.aulast=Rempfer&rft.aufirst=Kyle&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.militarytimes.com%2Fnews%2Fyour-air-force%2F2018%2F10%2F03%2Flast-pocket-of-isis-fighters-surrounded-dod-official-says%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a> "Civilian Deaths Mounted as Secret U.S. Unit Pounded Islamic State", Dave Philipps , Eric Schmitt and Mark Mazzetti, December 12, 2021, New York Times, <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2021/12/12/us/civilian-deaths-war-isis.html">https://www.nytimes.com/2021/12/12/us/civilian-deaths-war-isis.html</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrancis2019" class="citation news cs1">Francis, Ellen (February 28, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-mideast-crisis-islamic-state-idUSKCN1QH15G">"Mass grave found in last Islamic State bastion: SDF"</a>. Reuters – via www.reuters.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Mass+grave+found+in+last+Islamic+State+bastion%3A+SDF&rft.date=2019-02-28&rft.aulast=Francis&rft.aufirst=Ellen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-mideast-crisis-islamic-state-idUSKCN1QH15G&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://twitter.com/CJTFOIR/status/1098183430993514497">Operation Inherent Resolve Official Twitter.</a> Marched 25, 2019. </li> <li id="cite_note-auto1-73">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto1_73-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto1_73-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.centcom.mil/MEDIA/PRESS-RELEASES/Press-Release-View/Article/1518421/military-strikes-continue-against-daesh-terrorists-in-iraq-and-syria/">"Military Strikes Continue Against Daesh Terrorists in Iraq and Syria"</a>. Centcom.mil.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Centcom.mil&rft.atitle=Military+Strikes+Continue+Against+Daesh+Terrorists+in+Iraq+and+Syria&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.centcom.mil%2FMEDIA%2FPRESS-RELEASES%2FPress-Release-View%2FArticle%2F1518421%2Fmilitary-strikes-continue-against-daesh-terrorists-in-iraq-and-syria%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191030182816/https://www.yahoo.com/news/us-backed-force-says-resuming-anti-assault-eastern-172921114.html">"US-backed force says resuming anti-IS assault in eastern Syria"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Yahoo_News" title="Yahoo News">Yahoo News</a>. 11 November 2018. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.yahoo.com/news/us-backed-force-says-resuming-anti-assault-eastern-172921114.html">the original</a> on 30 October 2019. Retrieved 11 November 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Yahoo+News&rft.atitle=US-backed+force+says+resuming+anti-IS+assault+in+eastern+Syria&rft.date=2018-11-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.yahoo.com%2Fnews%2Fus-backed-force-says-resuming-anti-assault-eastern-172921114.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ctvnews.ca/world/u-s-backed-fighters-launch-final-push-to-defeat-isis-in-syria-1.4289909">"U.S.-backed fighters launch final push to defeat ISIS in Syria"</a>. Ctvnews.ca. 2019-02-09. Retrieved 2019-03-26.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=U.S.-backed+fighters+launch+final+push+to+defeat+ISIS+in+Syria&rft.pub=Ctvnews.ca&rft.date=2019-02-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ctvnews.ca%2Fworld%2Fu-s-backed-fighters-launch-final-push-to-defeat-isis-in-syria-1.4289909&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170912185757/http://aldorars.com/en/news/1544">"On The wake of the"Island Storm" Battle's announcement, US weapons reach to YPG militia"</a>. El-Dorar Al-Shamia. 10 September 2017. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aldorars.com/en/news/1544">the original</a> on 12 September 2017. Retrieved 10 September 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=El-Dorar+Al-Shamia&rft.atitle=On+The+wake+of+the%22Island+Storm%22+Battle%27s+announcement%2C+US+weapons+reach+to+YPG+militia&rft.date=2017-09-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aldorars.com%2Fen%2Fnews%2F1544&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-race-77">^ <a href="#cite_ref-race_77-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-race_77-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChris_Tomson2017" class="citation web cs1">Chris Tomson (9 September 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190330232318/https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/kurdish-forces-seize-four-villages-isis-race-towards-deir-ezzor-city/">"Kurdish forces seize four villages from ISIS, race towards Deir Ezzor city"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Al-Masdar_News" title="Al-Masdar News">al-Masdar News</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/kurdish-forces-seize-four-villages-isis-race-towards-deir-ezzor-city/">the original</a> on 30 March 2019. Retrieved 10 September 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=al-Masdar+News&rft.atitle=Kurdish+forces+seize+four+villages+from+ISIS%2C+race+towards+Deir+Ezzor+city&rft.date=2017-09-09&rft.au=Chris+Tomson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.almasdarnews.com%2Farticle%2Fkurdish-forces-seize-four-villages-isis-race-towards-deir-ezzor-city%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-days-78">^ <a href="#cite_ref-days_78-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-days_78-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRami_Zien2017" class="citation web cs1">Rami Zien (10 September 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170911071038/http://www.qasioun.net/en/news/show/95527/SDF_Advances_Days_after_Launching_Battle_Towards_Deir_Ezzor">"SDF Advances Days after Launching Battle Towards Deir Ezzor"</a>. Qasioun News. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.qasioun.net/en/news/show/95527/SDF_Advances_Days_after_Launching_Battle_Towards_Deir_Ezzor">the original</a> on 11 September 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Qasioun+News&rft.atitle=SDF+Advances+Days+after+Launching+Battle+Towards+Deir+Ezzor&rft.date=2017-09-10&rft.au=Rami+Zien&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.qasioun.net%2Fen%2Fnews%2Fshow%2F95527%2FSDF_Advances_Days_after_Launching_Battle_Towards_Deir_Ezzor&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohn_Davison2017" class="citation web cs1">John Davison (9 September 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://en.zamanalwsl.net/news/29622.html">"U.S.-backed SDF launches operation in Deir al-Zor: statement"</a>. Zaman al-Wasl. Retrieved 12 September 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Zaman+al-Wasl&rft.atitle=U.S.-backed+SDF+launches+operation+in+Deir+al-Zor%3A+statement&rft.date=2017-09-09&rft.au=John+Davison&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fen.zamanalwsl.net%2Fnews%2F29622.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChris_Tomson2017" class="citation web cs1">Chris Tomson (9 September 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190330160458/https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/isis-virtually-expelled-hasakah-province-kurdish-troops-overrun-fifth-village/">"ISIS virtually expelled from Hasakah province as Kurdish troops overrun fifth village"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Al-Masdar_News" title="Al-Masdar News">al-Masdar News</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/isis-virtually-expelled-hasakah-province-kurdish-troops-overrun-fifth-village/">the original</a> on 30 March 2019. Retrieved 10 September 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=al-Masdar+News&rft.atitle=ISIS+virtually+expelled+from+Hasakah+province+as+Kurdish+troops+overrun+fifth+village&rft.date=2017-09-09&rft.au=Chris+Tomson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.almasdarnews.com%2Farticle%2Fisis-virtually-expelled-hasakah-province-kurdish-troops-overrun-fifth-village%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170912185748/http://aldorars.com/en/news/1541">"SDF militias advancing at the expense of (IS) organization in the countryside of Deir al-Zour"</a>. El-Dora Al-Shamia. 10 September 2017. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aldorars.com/en/news/1541">the original</a> on 12 September 2017. Retrieved 10 September 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=El-Dora+Al-Shamia&rft.atitle=SDF+militias+advancing+at+the+expense+of+%28IS%29+organization+in+the+countryside+of+Deir+al-Zour&rft.date=2017-09-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aldorars.com%2Fen%2Fnews%2F1541&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170910182151/http://en.hawarnews.com/al-jazeera-tempest-enter-the-industrial-city-in-deir-ez-zor/">"Al-Jazeera Tempest enter the Industrial City in Deir ez-Zor"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hawar_News_Agency" title="Hawar News Agency">Hawar News Agency</a>. 10 September 2017. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.hawarnews.com/al-jazeera-tempest-enter-the-industrial-city-in-deir-ez-zor/">the original</a> on 10 September 2017. Retrieved 10 September 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Hawar+News+Agency&rft.atitle=Al-Jazeera+Tempest+enter+the+Industrial+City+in+Deir+ez-Zor&rft.date=2017-09-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fen.hawarnews.com%2Fal-jazeera-tempest-enter-the-industrial-city-in-deir-ez-zor%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRami_Zien2017" class="citation web cs1">Rami Zien (10 September 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170911024713/http://www.qasioun.net/en/news/show/95603/SDF_Gains_Expedited_Advance_and_Reaches_the_Outskirt_of_Deir_Ezzor_City">"SDF Gains Expedited Advance and Reaches the Outskirt of Deir Ezzor City"</a>. Qasioun News. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.qasioun.net/en/news/show/95603/SDF_Gains_Expedited_Advance_and_Reaches_the_Outskirt_of_Deir_Ezzor_City">the original</a> on 11 September 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Qasioun+News&rft.atitle=SDF+Gains+Expedited+Advance+and+Reaches+the+Outskirt+of+Deir+Ezzor+City&rft.date=2017-09-10&rft.au=Rami+Zien&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.qasioun.net%2Fen%2Fnews%2Fshow%2F95603%2FSDF_Gains_Expedited_Advance_and_Reaches_the_Outskirt_of_Deir_Ezzor_City&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRami_Zien2017" class="citation web cs1">Rami Zien (12 September 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170914034204/http://www.qasioun.net/en/news/show/96050/SDF_Gains_New_Advance_in_Deir_Ezzor_with_Potential_Collision_with_Syrian_Regime_Forces">"SDF Gains New Advance in Deir Ezzor with Potential Collision with Syrian Regime Forces"</a>. Qasioun News. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.qasioun.net/en/news/show/96050/SDF_Gains_New_Advance_in_Deir_Ezzor_with_Potential_Collision_with_Syrian_Regime_Forces">the original</a> on 14 September 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Qasioun+News&rft.atitle=SDF+Gains+New+Advance+in+Deir+Ezzor+with+Potential+Collision+with+Syrian+Regime+Forces&rft.date=2017-09-12&rft.au=Rami+Zien&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.qasioun.net%2Fen%2Fnews%2Fshow%2F96050%2FSDF_Gains_New_Advance_in_Deir_Ezzor_with_Potential_Collision_with_Syrian_Regime_Forces&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTalal_Kharrat2017" class="citation web cs1">Talal Kharrat (13 September 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170914034355/http://www.qasioun.net/en/news/show/96128/Km_Splits_Between_Syrian_Regime_And_SDF_In_Deir_Ezzor">"3 Km. Splits Between Syrian Regime And SDF In Deir Ezzor"</a>. Qasioun News. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.qasioun.net/en/news/show/96128/Km_Splits_Between_Syrian_Regime_And_SDF_In_Deir_Ezzor">the original</a> on 14 September 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Qasioun+News&rft.atitle=3+Km.+Splits+Between+Syrian+Regime+And+SDF+In+Deir+Ezzor&rft.date=2017-09-13&rft.au=Talal+Kharrat&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.qasioun.net%2Fen%2Fnews%2Fshow%2F96128%2FKm_Splits_Between_Syrian_Regime_And_SDF_In_Deir_Ezzor&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://anfenglish.com/news/operation-cizire-storm-on-day-5-22092">"Operation Cizire Storm on day 5"</a>. ANF News. 13 September 2017. Retrieved 13 September 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ANF+News&rft.atitle=Operation+Cizire+Storm+on+day+5&rft.date=2017-09-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fanfenglish.com%2Fnews%2Foperation-cizire-storm-on-day-5-22092&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170913131012/http://en.hawarnews.com/al-jazeera-tempest-liberated-some-sites/">"Al-Jazeera Tempest liberated some sites"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hawar_News_Agency" title="Hawar News Agency">Hawar News Agency</a>. 13 September 2017. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.hawarnews.com/al-jazeera-tempest-liberated-some-sites/">the original</a> on 13 September 2017. Retrieved 13 September 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Hawar+News+Agency&rft.atitle=Al-Jazeera+Tempest+liberated+some+sites&rft.date=2017-09-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fen.hawarnews.com%2Fal-jazeera-tempest-liberated-some-sites%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://en.zamanalwsl.net/news/29690.html">"US-backed Forces Vow to Avoid Conflict With Assad Troops in Deir Ezzor"</a>. Zaman al-Wasl. 12 September 2017. Retrieved 13 September 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Zaman+al-Wasl&rft.atitle=US-backed+Forces+Vow+to+Avoid+Conflict+With+Assad+Troops+in+Deir+Ezzor&rft.date=2017-09-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fen.zamanalwsl.net%2Fnews%2F29690.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTom_Perry,_Sarah_Dadouch2017" class="citation web cs1">Tom Perry, Sarah Dadouch (16 September 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-mideast-crisis-syria/u-s-backed-syrian-fighters-say-will-not-let-government-forces-cross-euphrates-idUSKCN1BQ269">"U.S.-backed Syrian fighters say will not let government forces cross Euphrates"</a>. Reuters.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=U.S.-backed+Syrian+fighters+say+will+not+let+government+forces+cross+Euphrates&rft.date=2017-09-16&rft.au=Tom+Perry%2C+Sarah+Dadouch&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-mideast-crisis-syria%2Fu-s-backed-syrian-fighters-say-will-not-let-government-forces-cross-euphrates-idUSKCN1BQ269&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170916132101/https://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-mideast-crisis-syria-sdf/air-strikes-hit-u-s-backed-militia-in-syrias-deir-al-zor-sdf-idUKKCN1BR0A0">"Air strikes hit U.S.-backed militia in Syria's Deir al-Zor – SDF"</a>. Reuters. 16 September 2017. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-mideast-crisis-syria-sdf/air-strikes-hit-u-s-backed-militia-in-syrias-deir-al-zor-sdf-idUKKCN1BR0A0">the original</a> on September 16, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Air+strikes+hit+U.S.-backed+militia+in+Syria%27s+Deir+al-Zor+%E2%80%93+SDF&rft.date=2017-09-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fuk.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fuk-mideast-crisis-syria-sdf%2Fair-strikes-hit-u-s-backed-militia-in-syrias-deir-al-zor-sdf-idUKKCN1BR0A0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThomas_Joscelyn2017" class="citation web cs1">Thomas Joscelyn (16 September 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2017/09/russia-struck-syrian-democratic-forces-in-eastern-syria-us-says.php">"Russia struck Syrian Democratic Forces in eastern Syria, US says"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Long_War_Journal" class="mw-redirect" title="Long War Journal">Long War Journal</a>. Retrieved 25 September 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Long+War+Journal&rft.atitle=Russia+struck+Syrian+Democratic+Forces+in+eastern+Syria%2C+US+says&rft.date=2017-09-16&rft.au=Thomas+Joscelyn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.longwarjournal.org%2Farchives%2F2017%2F09%2Frussia-struck-syrian-democratic-forces-in-eastern-syria-us-says.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJustin_ClarkMadeline_Edwards2017" class="citation web cs1">Justin Clark; Madeline Edwards (21 September 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190510120802/https://syriadirect.org/news/isw-analyst-regime-sdf-on-path-to-%E2%80%98confrontation%E2%80%99-over-oil-rich-eastern-desert/">"ISW analyst: Regime, SDF on path to 'confrontation' in oil-rich eastern desert"</a>. SYRIA:direct. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://syriadirect.org/news/isw-analyst-regime-sdf-on-path-to-%e2%80%98confrontation%e2%80%99-over-oil-rich-eastern-desert/">the original</a> on 10 May 2019. Retrieved 22 September 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=SYRIA%3Adirect&rft.atitle=ISW+analyst%3A+Regime%2C+SDF+on+path+to+%27confrontation%27+in+oil-rich+eastern+desert&rft.date=2017-09-21&rft.au=Justin+Clark&rft.au=Madeline+Edwards&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsyriadirect.org%2Fnews%2Fisw-analyst-regime-sdf-on-path-to-%25e2%2580%2598confrontation%25e2%2580%2599-over-oil-rich-eastern-desert%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170918154516/https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/kurdish-forces-expand-control-zone-near-east-bank-euphrates-deir-ezzor/">"Kurdish forces expand control zone near east bank of Euphrates in Deir Ezzor"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Al-Masdar_News" title="Al-Masdar News">al-Masdar News</a>. 2017-09-18. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/kurdish-forces-expand-control-zone-near-east-bank-euphrates-deir-ezzor/">the original</a> on 2017-09-18. Retrieved 2017-09-18.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=al-Masdar+News&rft.atitle=Kurdish+forces+expand+control+zone+near+east+bank+of+Euphrates+in+Deir+Ezzor&rft.date=2017-09-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.almasdarnews.com%2Farticle%2Fkurdish-forces-expand-control-zone-near-east-bank-euphrates-deir-ezzor%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170920225358/http://en.hawarnews.com/al-jazeera-tempest-begins-iraqi-border-liberation-campaign/">""Al Jazeera Tempest" begins Iraqi border liberation campaign"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hawar_News_Agency" title="Hawar News Agency">Hawar News Agency</a>. 20 September 2017. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.hawarnews.com/al-jazeera-tempest-begins-iraqi-border-liberation-campaign">the original</a> on 20 September 2017. Retrieved 20 September 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Hawar+News+Agency&rft.atitle=%22Al+Jazeera+Tempest%22+begins+Iraqi+border+liberation+campaign&rft.date=2017-09-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fen.hawarnews.com%2Fal-jazeera-tempest-begins-iraqi-border-liberation-campaign&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180708075648/https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/kurdish-forces-race-along-deir-ezzor-highway-three-isis-held-villages-seized-pincer-offensive/">"Kurdish forces race along Deir Ezzor highway, three ISIS-held villages seized in pincer offensive"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Al-Masdar_News" title="Al-Masdar News">al-Masdar News</a>. 2017-09-21. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/kurdish-forces-race-along-deir-ezzor-highway-three-isis-held-villages-seized-pincer-offensive/">the original</a> on 2018-07-08. Retrieved 2017-09-21.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=al-Masdar+News&rft.atitle=Kurdish+forces+race+along+Deir+Ezzor+highway%2C+three+ISIS-held+villages+seized+in+pincer+offensive&rft.date=2017-09-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.almasdarnews.com%2Farticle%2Fkurdish-forces-race-along-deir-ezzor-highway-three-isis-held-villages-seized-pincer-offensive%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170922164507/http://en.hawarnews.com/al-jazeera-tempest-liberated-6-hamlets/">"Al-Jazeera Tempest liberated 6 hamlets"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hawar_News_Agency" title="Hawar News Agency">Hawar News Agency</a>. 21 September 2017. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.hawarnews.com/al-jazeera-tempest-liberated-6-hamlets/">the original</a> on 22 September 2017. Retrieved 22 September 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Hawar+News+Agency&rft.atitle=Al-Jazeera+Tempest+liberated+6+hamlets&rft.date=2017-09-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fen.hawarnews.com%2Fal-jazeera-tempest-liberated-6-hamlets%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-mideast-crisis-syria-russia/russia-says-will-target-u-s-backed-fighters-in-syria-if-provoked-idUSKCN1BW14U">Russia says will target U.S.-backed fighters in Syria if provoked</a>, Reuters, 21 September 2017 </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180708050220/https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/isis-launches-surprise-assault-kurdish-forces-hasakah-inflicting-uncomfortable-losses/">"ISIS launches surprise assault on Kurdish forces in Hasakah inflicting uncomfortable losses"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Al-Masdar_News" title="Al-Masdar News">al-Masdar News</a>. 2017-09-21. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/isis-launches-surprise-assault-kurdish-forces-hasakah-inflicting-uncomfortable-losses/">the original</a> on 2018-07-08. Retrieved 2017-09-21.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=al-Masdar+News&rft.atitle=ISIS+launches+surprise+assault+on+Kurdish+forces+in+Hasakah+inflicting+uncomfortable+losses&rft.date=2017-09-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.almasdarnews.com%2Farticle%2Fisis-launches-surprise-assault-kurdish-forces-hasakah-inflicting-uncomfortable-losses%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChris_Tomson2017" class="citation web cs1">Chris Tomson (25 September 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190330224803/https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/graphic-photos-isis-kills-captures-many-kurdish-fighters-intercepting-us-convoy/">"Graphic photos: ISIS kills, captures many Kurdish fighters after intercepting US convoy"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Al-Masdar_News" title="Al-Masdar News">al-Masdar News</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/graphic-photos-isis-kills-captures-many-kurdish-fighters-intercepting-us-convoy/">the original</a> on 30 March 2019. Retrieved 25 September 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=al-Masdar+News&rft.atitle=Graphic+photos%3A+ISIS+kills%2C+captures+many+Kurdish+fighters+after+intercepting+US+convoy&rft.date=2017-09-25&rft.au=Chris+Tomson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.almasdarnews.com%2Farticle%2Fgraphic-photos-isis-kills-captures-many-kurdish-fighters-intercepting-us-convoy%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://en.zamanalwsl.net/news/29969.html">"ISIS attacks U.S.-led forces south of Hasaka: activist"</a>. Zaman al-Wasl. 25 September 2017. Retrieved 25 September 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Zaman+al-Wasl&rft.atitle=ISIS+attacks+U.S.-led+forces+south+of+Hasaka%3A+activist&rft.date=2017-09-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fen.zamanalwsl.net%2Fnews%2F29969.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-gas_field-101"><a href="#cite_ref-gas_field_101-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.arabnews.com/node/1166181/middle-east">"US-backed SDF captures major Syria gas field"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Arab_News" title="Arab News">Arab News</a>. 23 September 2017. Retrieved 29 September 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=US-backed+SDF+captures+major+Syria+gas+field&rft.pub=Arab+News&rft.date=2017-09-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.arabnews.com%2Fnode%2F1166181%2Fmiddle-east&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.middleeasteye.net/news/syrian-kurdish-forces-say-they-have-captured-major-gas-field-deir-al-zor-province-1494695397">"US-backed SDF captures one of Syria's largest gas fields: Commander"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Middle_East_Eye" title="Middle East Eye">Middle East Eye</a>. 23 September 2017. Retrieved 25 September 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Middle+East+Eye&rft.atitle=US-backed+SDF+captures+one+of+Syria%27s+largest+gas+fields%3A+Commander&rft.date=2017-09-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.middleeasteye.net%2Fnews%2Fsyrian-kurdish-forces-say-they-have-captured-major-gas-field-deir-al-zor-province-1494695397&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChris_Tomson2017" class="citation web cs1">Chris Tomson (23 September 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190330160508/https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/kurdish-fighters-capture-key-mountain-overlooking-euphrates-river-deir-ezzor/">"Kurdish fighters capture key mountain overlooking the Euphrates River in Deir Ezzor"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Al-Masdar_News" title="Al-Masdar News">al-Masdar News</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/kurdish-fighters-capture-key-mountain-overlooking-euphrates-river-deir-ezzor/">the original</a> on 30 March 2019. Retrieved 25 September 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=al-Masdar+News&rft.atitle=Kurdish+fighters+capture+key+mountain+overlooking+the+Euphrates+River+in+Deir+Ezzor&rft.date=2017-09-23&rft.au=Chris+Tomson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.almasdarnews.com%2Farticle%2Fkurdish-fighters-capture-key-mountain-overlooking-euphrates-river-deir-ezzor%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-mideast-crisis-syria-sdf/u-s-backed-militias-says-russian-jets-struck-its-fighters-in-east-syria-idUSKCN1C0118?il=0">"U.S.-backed militias says Russian jets struck its fighters in east Syria"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a>. 25 September 2017. Retrieved 25 September 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=U.S.-backed+militias+says+Russian+jets+struck+its+fighters+in+east+Syria&rft.date=2017-09-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-mideast-crisis-syria-sdf%2Fu-s-backed-militias-says-russian-jets-struck-its-fighters-in-east-syria-idUSKCN1C0118%3Fil%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAndrew_Illingworth2017" class="citation web cs1">Andrew Illingworth (25 September 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190330160525/https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/breaking-russian-warplanes-bomb-kurdish-forces-east-deir-ezzor-reports/">"BREAKING: Russian warplanes bomb Kurdish forces in east Deir Ezzor: reports"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Al-Masdar_News" title="Al-Masdar News">al-Masdar News</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/breaking-russian-warplanes-bomb-kurdish-forces-east-deir-ezzor-reports/">the original</a> on 30 March 2019. Retrieved 25 September 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=al-Masdar+News&rft.atitle=BREAKING%3A+Russian+warplanes+bomb+Kurdish+forces+in+east+Deir+Ezzor%3A+reports&rft.date=2017-09-25&rft.au=Andrew+Illingworth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.almasdarnews.com%2Farticle%2Fbreaking-russian-warplanes-bomb-kurdish-forces-east-deir-ezzor-reports%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAndrew_Illingworth2017" class="citation web cs1">Andrew Illingworth (25 September 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190330160520/https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/syrian-army-artillery-shells-kurdish-forces-deir-ezzor-reports-update/">"Syrian Army, Russian artillery shells Kurdish forces in east Deir Ezzor: reports [Update]"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Al-Masdar_News" title="Al-Masdar News">al-Masdar News</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/syrian-army-artillery-shells-kurdish-forces-deir-ezzor-reports-update/">the original</a> on 30 March 2019. Retrieved 25 September 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=al-Masdar+News&rft.atitle=Syrian+Army%2C+Russian+artillery+shells+Kurdish+forces+in+east+Deir+Ezzor%3A+reports+%5BUpdate%5D&rft.date=2017-09-25&rft.au=Andrew+Illingworth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.almasdarnews.com%2Farticle%2Fsyrian-army-artillery-shells-kurdish-forces-deir-ezzor-reports-update%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.syriahr.com/en/?p=75033">Air strikes cause casualties and injuries in the east of the Euphrates River, and shelling kills one person in the vicinity of Al-Lataminah</a>, SOHR, 27 September 2017 </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apnews.com/d9c1a25f2acb49009f7632c18305c8a2">Iran strikes IS bases on Syria-Iraq border with drone</a>, AP, 24 September 2017 </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170928070343/http://en.hawarnews.com/strong-battles-in-sor-4-mercenaries-captured/">"Strong battles in Sor, 4 mercenaries captured"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hawar_News_Agency" title="Hawar News Agency">Hawar News Agency</a>. 24 September 2017. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.hawarnews.com/strong-battles-in-sor-4-mercenaries-captured/">the original</a> on 28 September 2017. Retrieved 29 September 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Hawar+News+Agency&rft.atitle=Strong+battles+in+Sor%2C+4+mercenaries+captured&rft.date=2017-09-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fen.hawarnews.com%2Fstrong-battles-in-sor-4-mercenaries-captured%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170930084107/http://en.hawarnews.com/al-jazeera-tempest-fighters-reach-al-sor-towns-entrance/">"Al-Jazeera Tempest: fighters reach al-Sor town's entrance"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hawar_News_Agency" title="Hawar News Agency">Hawar News Agency</a>. 26 September 2017. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.hawarnews.com/al-jazeera-tempest-fighters-reach-al-sor-towns-entrance/">the original</a> on 30 September 2017. Retrieved 29 September 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Hawar+News+Agency&rft.atitle=Al-Jazeera+Tempest%3A+fighters+reach+al-Sor+town%27s+entrance&rft.date=2017-09-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fen.hawarnews.com%2Fal-jazeera-tempest-fighters-reach-al-sor-towns-entrance%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://en.zamanalwsl.net/news/30035.html">"SDF makes new gains against ISIS in Deir Ezzor"</a>. Zaman al-Wasl. 28 September 2017. Retrieved 29 September 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=SDF+makes+new+gains+against+ISIS+in+Deir+Ezzor&rft.pub=Zaman+al-Wasl&rft.date=2017-09-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fen.zamanalwsl.net%2Fnews%2F30035.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170930084215/http://en.hawarnews.com/strong-clashes-ongoing-in-sor/">"Strong clashes ongoing in Sor"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hawar_News_Agency" title="Hawar News Agency">Hawar News Agency</a>. 28 September 2017. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.hawarnews.com/strong-clashes-ongoing-in-sor/">the original</a> on 30 September 2017. Retrieved 29 September 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Hawar+News+Agency&rft.atitle=Strong+clashes+ongoing+in+Sor&rft.date=2017-09-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fen.hawarnews.com%2Fstrong-clashes-ongoing-in-sor%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.syriahr.com/en/?p=75330">"Ongoing clashes between the forces of "Al-Jazeera Storm" against ISIS in the northern and northwestern countryside of Deir Ezzor"</a>. SOHR. 1 October 2017. Retrieved 1 October 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=SOHR&rft.atitle=Ongoing+clashes+between+the+forces+of+%22Al-Jazeera+Storm%22+against+ISIS+in+the+northern+and+northwestern+countryside+of+Deir+Ezzor&rft.date=2017-10-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.syriahr.com%2Fen%2F%3Fp%3D75330&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171002070551/http://en.hawarnews.com/jafra-fields-are-completely-liberated/">"Jafra Fields are completely liberated"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hawar_News_Agency" title="Hawar News Agency">Hawar News Agency</a>. 1 October 2017. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.hawarnews.com/jafra-fields-are-completely-liberated/">the original</a> on 2 October 2017. Retrieved 1 October 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Hawar+News+Agency&rft.atitle=Jafra+Fields+are+completely+liberated&rft.date=2017-10-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fen.hawarnews.com%2Fjafra-fields-are-completely-liberated%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><a href="#cite_ref-115">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMohammad_Abdulssattar_IbrahimMadeline_Edwards2017" class="citation web cs1">Mohammad Abdulssattar Ibrahim; Madeline Edwards (1 October 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://syriadirect.org/news/us-backed-forces-battle-is-for-deir-e-zor-provinces-oil-rich-east/">"US-backed forces battle IS for Deir e-Zor province's oil-rich east"</a>. SYRIA:direct. Retrieved 5 October 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=SYRIA%3Adirect&rft.atitle=US-backed+forces+battle+IS+for+Deir+e-Zor+province%27s+oil-rich+east&rft.date=2017-10-01&rft.au=Mohammad+Abdulssattar+Ibrahim&rft.au=Madeline+Edwards&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsyriadirect.org%2Fnews%2Fus-backed-forces-battle-is-for-deir-e-zor-provinces-oil-rich-east%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><a href="#cite_ref-116">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171006012105/http://en.hawarnews.com/al-jazeera-tempest-2-villages-4-hamlets-liberated/">"Al-Jazeera Tempest: 2 villages, 4 hamlets liberated"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hawar_News_Agency" title="Hawar News Agency">Hawar News Agency</a>. 3 October 2017. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.hawarnews.com/al-jazeera-tempest-2-villages-4-hamlets-liberated/">the original</a> on 6 October 2017. Retrieved 5 October 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Hawar+News+Agency&rft.atitle=Al-Jazeera+Tempest%3A+2+villages%2C+4+hamlets+liberated&rft.date=2017-10-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fen.hawarnews.com%2Fal-jazeera-tempest-2-villages-4-hamlets-liberated%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><a href="#cite_ref-117">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171006012103/http://en.hawarnews.com/the-euphrates-tempest-4-new-villages-liberated/">"The Euphrates Tempest : 4 new villages liberated"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hawar_News_Agency" title="Hawar News Agency">Hawar News Agency</a>. 4 October 2017. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.hawarnews.com/the-euphrates-tempest-4-new-villages-liberated/">the original</a> on 6 October 2017. Retrieved 5 October 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Hawar+News+Agency&rft.atitle=The+Euphrates+Tempest+%3A+4+new+villages+liberated&rft.date=2017-10-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fen.hawarnews.com%2Fthe-euphrates-tempest-4-new-villages-liberated%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-118"><a href="#cite_ref-118">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171006062055/http://en.hawarnews.com/al-jazeera-tempest-is-attack-foiled-fighters-progress/">"Al-Jazeera Tempest: IS attack foiled, fighters progress"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hawar_News_Agency" title="Hawar News Agency">Hawar News Agency</a>. 5 October 2017. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.hawarnews.com/al-jazeera-tempest-is-attack-foiled-fighters-progress/">the original</a> on 6 October 2017. Retrieved 5 October 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Hawar+News+Agency&rft.atitle=Al-Jazeera+Tempest%3A+IS+attack+foiled%2C+fighters+progress&rft.date=2017-10-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fen.hawarnews.com%2Fal-jazeera-tempest-is-attack-foiled-fighters-progress%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-119"><a href="#cite_ref-119">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171008232040/http://en.hawarnews.com/al-jazeera-tempest-17-hamlets-one-village-liberated/">"Al-Jazeera Tempest: 17 hamlets, one village liberated"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hawar_News_Agency" title="Hawar News Agency">Hawar News Agency</a>. 8 October 2017. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.hawarnews.com/al-jazeera-tempest-17-hamlets-one-village-liberated/">the original</a> on 8 October 2017. Retrieved 8 October 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Hawar+News+Agency&rft.atitle=Al-Jazeera+Tempest%3A+17+hamlets%2C+one+village+liberated&rft.date=2017-10-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fen.hawarnews.com%2Fal-jazeera-tempest-17-hamlets-one-village-liberated%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-120"><a href="#cite_ref-120">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190424085214/https://en.deirezzor24.net/the-deir-ezzor-military-council-and-the-sdf-advance-in-the-western-countryside-of-deir-ezzor/">"The Deir Ezzor Military Council and the SDF advance in the western countryside of Deir Ezzor"</a>. DeirEzzor24. 4 October 2017. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.deirezzor24.net/the-deir-ezzor-military-council-and-the-sdf-advance-in-the-western-countryside-of-deir-ezzor/">the original</a> on 24 April 2019. Retrieved 8 October 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=DeirEzzor24&rft.atitle=The+Deir+Ezzor+Military+Council+and+the+SDF+advance+in+the+western+countryside+of+Deir+Ezzor&rft.date=2017-10-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fen.deirezzor24.net%2Fthe-deir-ezzor-military-council-and-the-sdf-advance-in-the-western-countryside-of-deir-ezzor%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-121"><a href="#cite_ref-121">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.syriahr.com/en/?p=75937">"Forces of "Al-Jazeera Storm" operation meet with their forces near Deir Ezzor city and take the control of the village of Sheikh of Al-Bakkara Clan whose clan members fight side by side with the regime forces"</a>. SOHR. 9 October 2017. Retrieved 9 October 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=SOHR&rft.atitle=Forces+of+%22Al-Jazeera+Storm%22+operation+meet+with+their+forces+near+Deir+Ezzor+city+and+take+the+control+of+the+village+of+Sheikh+of+Al-Bakkara+Clan+whose+clan+members+fight+side+by+side+with+the+regime+forces&rft.date=2017-10-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.syriahr.com%2Fen%2F%3Fp%3D75937&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-122"><a href="#cite_ref-122">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180708005303/https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/kurdish-forces-seize-four-isis-held-villages-dash-along-euphrates-river/">"Kurdish forces seize four ISIS-held villages in dash along the Euphrates River"</a>. Al-Masdar News. 10 October 2017. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/kurdish-forces-seize-four-isis-held-villages-dash-along-euphrates-river/">the original</a> on 8 July 2018. Retrieved 21 March 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Al-Masdar+News&rft.atitle=Kurdish+forces+seize+four+ISIS-held+villages+in+dash+along+the+Euphrates+River&rft.date=2017-10-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.almasdarnews.com%2Farticle%2Fkurdish-forces-seize-four-isis-held-villages-dash-along-euphrates-river%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-123"><a href="#cite_ref-123">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180322104121/https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/horrific-images-isis-executes-kurdish-fighters-oil-field-deir-ezzor/">"Horrific images: ISIS executes Kurdish fighters at oil field in Deir Ezzor"</a>. Al-Masdar News. 14 October 2017. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/horrific-images-isis-executes-kurdish-fighters-oil-field-deir-ezzor/">the original</a> on 22 March 2018. Retrieved 21 March 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Al-Masdar+News&rft.atitle=Horrific+images%3A+ISIS+executes+Kurdish+fighters+at+oil+field+in+Deir+Ezzor&rft.date=2017-10-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.almasdarnews.com%2Farticle%2Fhorrific-images-isis-executes-kurdish-fighters-oil-field-deir-ezzor%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-124"><a href="#cite_ref-124">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180825004059/https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/extremely-graphic-images-isis-beheads-truckloads-us-backed-troops-eastern-syria/">"Extremely graphic images: ISIS beheads truckloads of US-backed troops in eastern Syria"</a>. Al-Masdar News. 16 October 2017. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/extremely-graphic-images-isis-beheads-truckloads-us-backed-troops-eastern-syria/">the original</a> on 25 August 2018. Retrieved 21 March 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Al-Masdar+News&rft.atitle=Extremely+graphic+images%3A+ISIS+beheads+truckloads+of+US-backed+troops+in+eastern+Syria&rft.date=2017-10-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.almasdarnews.com%2Farticle%2Fextremely-graphic-images-isis-beheads-truckloads-us-backed-troops-eastern-syria%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-125"><a href="#cite_ref-125">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171109004451/https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/breaking-russian-troops-take-control-key-gas-field-kurdish-forces-deir-ezzor/">"Breaking: Russian troops take control of key gas field from Kurdish forces in Deir Ezzor"</a>. Al-Masdar News. 19 October 2017. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/breaking-russian-troops-take-control-key-gas-field-kurdish-forces-deir-ezzor/">the original</a> on 9 November 2017. Retrieved 21 March 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Al-Masdar+News&rft.atitle=Breaking%3A+Russian+troops+take+control+of+key+gas+field+from+Kurdish+forces+in+Deir+Ezzor&rft.date=2017-10-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.almasdarnews.com%2Farticle%2Fbreaking-russian-troops-take-control-key-gas-field-kurdish-forces-deir-ezzor%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-126"><a href="#cite_ref-126">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2017/10/sdf-captured-al-omar-oil-field-isil-171022194321039.html">"SDF says it captured al-Omar oilfield from ISIL"</a>. Al-Jazeera. 23 October 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Al-Jazeera&rft.atitle=SDF+says+it+captured+al-Omar+oilfield+from+ISIL&rft.date=2017-10-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2F2017%2F10%2Fsdf-captured-al-omar-oil-field-isil-171022194321039.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-127"><a href="#cite_ref-127">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180708005427/https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/race-albukamal-us-backed-forces-begin-push-isis-stronghold/">"Race to Albukamal: US-backed forces begin their push to ISIS stronghold"</a>. Al-Masdar News. 28 October 2017. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/race-albukamal-us-backed-forces-begin-push-isis-stronghold/">the original</a> on 8 July 2018. Retrieved 21 March 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Al-Masdar+News&rft.atitle=Race+to+Albukamal%3A+US-backed+forces+begin+their+push+to+ISIS+stronghold&rft.date=2017-10-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.almasdarnews.com%2Farticle%2Frace-albukamal-us-backed-forces-begin-push-isis-stronghold%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-128"><a href="#cite_ref-128">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180708010950/https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/pictures-isis-launches-major-counter-attack-largest-oil-field-deir-ezzor/">"In pictures: ISIS launches major counter-attack on largest oil field in Deir Ezzor"</a>. Al-Masdar News. 30 October 2017. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/pictures-isis-launches-major-counter-attack-largest-oil-field-deir-ezzor/">the original</a> on 8 July 2018. Retrieved 21 March 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Al-Masdar+News&rft.atitle=In+pictures%3A+ISIS+launches+major+counter-attack+on+largest+oil+field+in+Deir+Ezzor&rft.date=2017-10-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.almasdarnews.com%2Farticle%2Fpictures-isis-launches-major-counter-attack-largest-oil-field-deir-ezzor%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-129"><a href="#cite_ref-129">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180708032509/https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/complete-update-eastern-syria-battle-map/">"Complete update of eastern Syria battle – map"</a>. Al-Masdar News. 1 November 2017. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/complete-update-eastern-syria-battle-map/">the original</a> on 8 July 2018. Retrieved 21 March 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Al-Masdar+News&rft.atitle=Complete+update+of+eastern+Syria+battle+%E2%80%93+map&rft.date=2017-11-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.almasdarnews.com%2Farticle%2Fcomplete-update-eastern-syria-battle-map%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-130"><a href="#cite_ref-130">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180708000725/https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/kurdish-forces-zero-isis-pockets-east-euphrates-river-six-villages-captured/">"Kurdish forces zero in on ISIS pockets east of Euphrates River: six villages captured"</a>. 3 November 2017. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/kurdish-forces-zero-isis-pockets-east-euphrates-river-six-villages-captured/">the original</a> on 8 July 2018. Retrieved 21 March 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Kurdish+forces+zero+in+on+ISIS+pockets+east+of+Euphrates+River%3A+six+villages+captured&rft.date=2017-11-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.almasdarnews.com%2Farticle%2Fkurdish-forces-zero-isis-pockets-east-euphrates-river-six-villages-captured%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-131"><a href="#cite_ref-131">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180707233811/https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/breaking-kurdish-fighters-liquidate-isis-pocket-khabur-river-eastern-deir-ezzor/">"Kurdish forces zero in on ISIS pockets east of Euphrates River: six villages captured"</a>. 6 November 2017. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/breaking-kurdish-fighters-liquidate-isis-pocket-khabur-river-eastern-deir-ezzor/">the original</a> on 7 July 2018. Retrieved 21 March 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Kurdish+forces+zero+in+on+ISIS+pockets+east+of+Euphrates+River%3A+six+villages+captured&rft.date=2017-11-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.almasdarnews.com%2Farticle%2Fbreaking-kurdish-fighters-liquidate-isis-pocket-khabur-river-eastern-deir-ezzor%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-132"><a href="#cite_ref-132">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180708031023/https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/kurdish-forces-overrun-another-isis-held-village-eastern-deir-ezzor/">"Kurdish forces overrun another ISIS-held village in eastern Deir Ezzor"</a>. 7 November 2017. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/kurdish-forces-overrun-another-isis-held-village-eastern-deir-ezzor/">the original</a> on 8 July 2018. Retrieved 21 March 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Kurdish+forces+overrun+another+ISIS-held+village+in+eastern+Deir+Ezzor&rft.date=2017-11-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.almasdarnews.com%2Farticle%2Fkurdish-forces-overrun-another-isis-held-village-eastern-deir-ezzor%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-133"><a href="#cite_ref-133">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171109191334/https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/us-backed-forces-capture-strategic-town-east-deir-ezzor/">"US-backed forces capture strategic town in east Deir Ezzor"</a>. 8 November 2017. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/us-backed-forces-capture-strategic-town-east-deir-ezzor/">the original</a> on 9 November 2017. Retrieved 29 November 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=US-backed+forces+capture+strategic+town+in+east+Deir+Ezzor&rft.date=2017-11-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.almasdarnews.com%2Farticle%2Fus-backed-forces-capture-strategic-town-east-deir-ezzor%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-134"><a href="#cite_ref-134">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171208170536/https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/us-backed-forces-finish-off-last-isis-pocket-eastern-bank-euphrates-river/">"US-backed forces finish off last ISIS pocket on eastern bank of the Euphrates River"</a>. 12 November 2017. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/us-backed-forces-finish-off-last-isis-pocket-eastern-bank-euphrates-river/">the original</a> on 8 December 2017. Retrieved 29 November 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=US-backed+forces+finish+off+last+ISIS+pocket+on+eastern+bank+of+the+Euphrates+River&rft.date=2017-11-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.almasdarnews.com%2Farticle%2Fus-backed-forces-finish-off-last-isis-pocket-eastern-bank-euphrates-river%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-135"><a href="#cite_ref-135">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dailysabah.com/syrian-crisis/2017/11/13/us-backed-sdf-seizes-syrias-second-largest-oil-field-al-tanak">"US-backed SDF seizes Syria's second largest oil field al-Tanak"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Daily_Sabah" title="Daily Sabah">Daily Sabah</a>. 13 November 2017. Retrieved 29 November 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Daily+Sabah&rft.atitle=US-backed+SDF+seizes+Syria%27s+second+largest+oil+field+al-Tanak&rft.date=2017-11-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dailysabah.com%2Fsyrian-crisis%2F2017%2F11%2F13%2Fus-backed-sdf-seizes-syrias-second-largest-oil-field-al-tanak&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-136"><a href="#cite_ref-136">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171129142733/https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/kurdish-forces-push-southwards-along-euphrates-river-seize-village-isis/">"Kurdish forces push southwards along the Euphrates River, seize village from ISIS"</a>. 14 November 2017. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/kurdish-forces-push-southwards-along-euphrates-river-seize-village-isis/">the original</a> on 29 November 2017. Retrieved 29 November 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Kurdish+forces+push+southwards+along+the+Euphrates+River%2C+seize+village+from+ISIS&rft.date=2017-11-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.almasdarnews.com%2Farticle%2Fkurdish-forces-push-southwards-along-euphrates-river-seize-village-isis%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-137"><a href="#cite_ref-137">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171116020337/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2017-11/16/c_136755440.htm">"U.S.-backed forces approach Iraqi border in eastern Syria – Xinhua – English.news.cn"</a>. news.xinhuanet.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2017-11/16/c_136755440.htm">the original</a> on November 16, 2017. Retrieved 29 November 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=news.xinhuanet.com&rft.atitle=U.S.-backed+forces+approach+Iraqi+border+in+eastern+Syria+%E2%80%93+Xinhua+%E2%80%93+English.news.cn&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.xinhuanet.com%2Fenglish%2F2017-11%2F16%2Fc_136755440.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-138"><a href="#cite_ref-138">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171126094804/https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/us-backed-forces-reach-iraqi-border-cutoff-syrian-army-advance-north-albukamal/">"US-backed forces reach Iraqi border to cutoff Syrian Army advance north of Albukamal"</a>. Al-Masdar News. 25 November 2017. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/us-backed-forces-reach-iraqi-border-cutoff-syrian-army-advance-north-albukamal/">the original</a> on 26 November 2017. Retrieved 30 November 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=US-backed+forces+reach+Iraqi+border+to+cutoff+Syrian+Army+advance+north+of+Albukamal&rft.pub=Al-Masdar+News&rft.date=2017-11-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.almasdarnews.com%2Farticle%2Fus-backed-forces-reach-iraqi-border-cutoff-syrian-army-advance-north-albukamal%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-139"><a href="#cite_ref-139">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://jordantimes.com/news/region/syrian-kurdish-ypg-says-it-seized-eastern-region-daesh">"Syrian Kurdish YPG says it seized eastern region from Daesh"</a>. Jordan Times. 3 December 2017. Retrieved 6 December 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Syrian+Kurdish+YPG+says+it+seized+eastern+region+from+Daesh&rft.pub=Jordan+Times&rft.date=2017-12-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fjordantimes.com%2Fnews%2Fregion%2Fsyrian-kurdish-ypg-says-it-seized-eastern-region-daesh&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-140"><a href="#cite_ref-140">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171210115816/https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/russian-airstrikes-help-kurdish-forces-capture-isis-turf-east-euphrates-river/">"Russian airstrikes help Kurdish forces to capture ISIS turf east of the Euphrates River"</a>. Al-Masdar News. 9 December 2017. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/russian-airstrikes-help-kurdish-forces-capture-isis-turf-east-euphrates-river/">the original</a> on 10 December 2017. Retrieved 10 December 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Russian+airstrikes+help+Kurdish+forces+to+capture+ISIS+turf+east+of+the+Euphrates+River&rft.pub=Al-Masdar+News&rft.date=2017-12-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.almasdarnews.com%2Farticle%2Frussian-airstrikes-help-kurdish-forces-capture-isis-turf-east-euphrates-river%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-141"><a href="#cite_ref-141">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171210223150/https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/video-isis-unleashes-nasty-car-bomb-attack-us-backed-forces-killing-scores/">"VIDEO: ISIS unleashes nasty car bomb attack on US-backed forces killing scores"</a>. Al-Masdar News. 9 December 2017. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/video-isis-unleashes-nasty-car-bomb-attack-us-backed-forces-killing-scores/">the original</a> on 10 December 2017. Retrieved 10 December 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=VIDEO%3A+ISIS+unleashes+nasty+car+bomb+attack+on+US-backed+forces+killing+scores&rft.pub=Al-Masdar+News&rft.date=2017-12-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.almasdarnews.com%2Farticle%2Fvideo-isis-unleashes-nasty-car-bomb-attack-us-backed-forces-killing-scores%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-142"><a href="#cite_ref-142">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171231103011/https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/us-backed-forces-seize-several-towns-along-eastern-bank-euphrates/">"US-backed forces seize several towns along eastern bank of Euphrates"</a>. 12 December 2017. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/us-backed-forces-seize-several-towns-along-eastern-bank-euphrates/">the original</a> on 31 December 2017. Retrieved 17 December 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=US-backed+forces+seize+several+towns+along+eastern+bank+of+Euphrates&rft.date=2017-12-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.almasdarnews.com%2Farticle%2Fus-backed-forces-seize-several-towns-along-eastern-bank-euphrates%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-143"><a href="#cite_ref-143">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171213235708/https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/us-backed-forces-take-advantage-isis-offensive-syrian-army-capture-territory/">"US-backed forces take advantage of ISIS offensive against Syrian Army to capture more territory"</a>. 13 December 2017. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/us-backed-forces-take-advantage-isis-offensive-syrian-army-capture-territory/">the original</a> on 13 December 2017. Retrieved 17 December 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=US-backed+forces+take+advantage+of+ISIS+offensive+against+Syrian+Army+to+capture+more+territory&rft.date=2017-12-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.almasdarnews.com%2Farticle%2Fus-backed-forces-take-advantage-isis-offensive-syrian-army-capture-territory%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-144"><a href="#cite_ref-144">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dailysabah.com/mideast/2017/12/14/us-led-airstrike-kills-23-civilians-in-syrias-deir-ez-zor">"US-led airstrike kills 23 civilians in Syria's Deir ez-Zor"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Daily_Sabah" title="Daily Sabah">Daily Sabah</a>. 14 December 2017. Retrieved 17 December 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Daily+Sabah&rft.atitle=US-led+airstrike+kills+23+civilians+in+Syria%27s+Deir+ez-Zor&rft.date=2017-12-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dailysabah.com%2Fmideast%2F2017%2F12%2F14%2Fus-led-airstrike-kills-23-civilians-in-syrias-deir-ez-zor&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-145"><a href="#cite_ref-145">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180707233637/https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/us-backed-forces-capture-another-oil-field-deir-ezzor/">"US-backed forces capture another oil field in Deir Ezzor"</a>. 16 December 2017. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/us-backed-forces-capture-another-oil-field-deir-ezzor/">the original</a> on 7 July 2018. Retrieved 17 December 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=US-backed+forces+capture+another+oil+field+in+Deir+Ezzor&rft.date=2017-12-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.almasdarnews.com%2Farticle%2Fus-backed-forces-capture-another-oil-field-deir-ezzor%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto-146">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto_146-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto_146-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171223052516/https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/isis-launches-counter-offensive-us-backed-forces-deir-ezzor/">"ISIS launches counter-offensive against US-backed forces in Deir Ezzor"</a>. 22 December 2017. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/isis-launches-counter-offensive-us-backed-forces-deir-ezzor/">the original</a> on 23 December 2017. Retrieved 30 December 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ISIS+launches+counter-offensive+against+US-backed+forces+in+Deir+Ezzor&rft.date=2017-12-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.almasdarnews.com%2Farticle%2Fisis-launches-counter-offensive-us-backed-forces-deir-ezzor%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-147"><a href="#cite_ref-147">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171230211820/https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/large-isis-bastion-encircled-east-syria-amid-relentless-advance-pro-coalition-forces-towards-abu-kamal/">"Large ISIS bastion encircled in east Syria amid relentless advance by pro-Coalition forces towards Abu Kamal"</a>. 30 December 2017. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/large-isis-bastion-encircled-east-syria-amid-relentless-advance-pro-coalition-forces-towards-abu-kamal/">the original</a> on 30 December 2017. Retrieved 30 December 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Large+ISIS+bastion+encircled+in+east+Syria+amid+relentless+advance+by+pro-Coalition+forces+towards+Abu+Kamal&rft.date=2017-12-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.almasdarnews.com%2Farticle%2Flarge-isis-bastion-encircled-east-syria-amid-relentless-advance-pro-coalition-forces-towards-abu-kamal%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-148"><a href="#cite_ref-148">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rudaw.net/english/middleeast/syria/291220171">"'More US diplomats on the ground' in Syria post-ISIS, says Mattis"</a>. Retrieved 30 December 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%27More+US+diplomats+on+the+ground%27+in+Syria+post-ISIS%2C+says+Mattis&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rudaw.net%2Fenglish%2Fmiddleeast%2Fsyria%2F291220171&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-149"><a href="#cite_ref-149">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171231101458/https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/kurdish-forces-blitz-isis-capture-4-towns-east-syria-way-abu-kamal/">"Kurdish forces blitz through ISIS to capture 4 towns in east Syria on the way to Abu Kamal"</a>. 30 December 2017. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/kurdish-forces-blitz-isis-capture-4-towns-east-syria-way-abu-kamal/">the original</a> on 31 December 2017. Retrieved 30 December 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Kurdish+forces+blitz+through+ISIS+to+capture+4+towns+in+east+Syria+on+the+way+to+Abu+Kamal&rft.date=2017-12-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.almasdarnews.com%2Farticle%2Fkurdish-forces-blitz-isis-capture-4-towns-east-syria-way-abu-kamal%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-150"><a href="#cite_ref-150">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171230230042/http://www.nrttv.com/EN/Details.aspx?Jimare=18027">"SDF liberate four villages southeast of Deir Ez-Zor"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nrttv.com/EN/Details.aspx?Jimare=18027">the original</a> on 30 December 2017. Retrieved 30 December 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=SDF+liberate+four+villages+southeast+of+Deir+Ez-Zor&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nrttv.com%2FEN%2FDetails.aspx%3FJimare%3D18027&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-151"><a href="#cite_ref-151">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.egypttoday.com/Article/1/38839/Fierce-clashes-between-SDF-IS-terrorists-in-eastern-Euphrates-River">"Fierce clashes between SDF, IS terrorists in eastern Euphrates River"</a>. 30 December 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Fierce+clashes+between+SDF%2C+IS+terrorists+in+eastern+Euphrates+River&rft.date=2017-12-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.egypttoday.com%2FArticle%2F1%2F38839%2FFierce-clashes-between-SDF-IS-terrorists-in-eastern-Euphrates-River&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-152"><a href="#cite_ref-152">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180102093250/https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/kurdish-forces-mop-east-euphrates-shore-inflicting-horrific-losses-isis/">"Kurdish forces mop up the east Euphrates shore inflicting horrific losses on ISIS"</a>. 30 December 2017. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/kurdish-forces-mop-east-euphrates-shore-inflicting-horrific-losses-isis/">the original</a> on 2 January 2018. Retrieved 2 January 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Kurdish+forces+mop+up+the+east+Euphrates+shore+inflicting+horrific+losses+on+ISIS&rft.date=2017-12-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.almasdarnews.com%2Farticle%2Fkurdish-forces-mop-east-euphrates-shore-inflicting-horrific-losses-isis%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-153"><a href="#cite_ref-153">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180102191443/https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/huge-isis-bombing-east-syria-german-jihadist-leaves-nearly-100-us-backed-fighters-killed-wounded/">"Huge ISIS bombing in east Syria by German jihadist leaves nearly 100 US-backed fighters killed, wounded"</a>. 1 January 2018. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/huge-isis-bombing-east-syria-german-jihadist-leaves-nearly-100-us-backed-fighters-killed-wounded/">the original</a> on 2 January 2018. Retrieved 2 January 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Huge+ISIS+bombing+in+east+Syria+by+German+jihadist+leaves+nearly+100+US-backed+fighters+killed%2C+wounded&rft.date=2018-01-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.almasdarnews.com%2Farticle%2Fhuge-isis-bombing-east-syria-german-jihadist-leaves-nearly-100-us-backed-fighters-killed-wounded%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-154"><a href="#cite_ref-154">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180103072613/https://www.trtworld.com/middle-east/air-strikes-kill-12-civilians-in-syria-s-deir-ezzor-13816">"Air strikes kill 12 civilians in Syria's Deir Ezzor"</a>. 1 January 2018. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.trtworld.com/middle-east/air-strikes-kill-12-civilians-in-syria-s-deir-ezzor-13816">the original</a> on 3 January 2018. Retrieved 2 January 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Air+strikes+kill+12+civilians+in+Syria%27s+Deir+Ezzor&rft.date=2018-01-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.trtworld.com%2Fmiddle-east%2Fair-strikes-kill-12-civilians-in-syria-s-deir-ezzor-13816&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-155"><a href="#cite_ref-155">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180102041127/https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/kurdish-forces-push-capture-new-town-east-syria-despite-fierce-isis-counter-attacks/">"Kurdish forces push on to capture new town in east Syria despite fierce ISIS counter-attacks"</a>. 1 January 2018. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/kurdish-forces-push-capture-new-town-east-syria-despite-fierce-isis-counter-attacks/">the original</a> on 2 January 2018. Retrieved 3 January 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Kurdish+forces+push+on+to+capture+new+town+in+east+Syria+despite+fierce+ISIS+counter-attacks&rft.date=2018-01-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.almasdarnews.com%2Farticle%2Fkurdish-forces-push-capture-new-town-east-syria-despite-fierce-isis-counter-attacks%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-156"><a href="#cite_ref-156">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190622153305/https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/kurdish-forces-secure-two-towns-isis-east-syria-amid-renewed-offensive-capture-strategic-region/">"Kurdish forces secure two towns from ISIS in east Syria amid renewed offensive to capture strategic region"</a>. 3 January 2018. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/kurdish-forces-secure-two-towns-isis-east-syria-amid-renewed-offensive-capture-strategic-region/">the original</a> on 22 June 2019. Retrieved 3 January 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Kurdish+forces+secure+two+towns+from+ISIS+in+east+Syria+amid+renewed+offensive+to+capture+strategic+region&rft.date=2018-01-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.almasdarnews.com%2Farticle%2Fkurdish-forces-secure-two-towns-isis-east-syria-amid-renewed-offensive-capture-strategic-region%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-157"><a href="#cite_ref-157">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180120063219/https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/last-isis-pocket-along-eastern-euphrates-steadily-collapsing/">"Last ISIS pocket along eastern Euphrates steadily collapsing"</a>. 3 January 2018. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/last-isis-pocket-along-eastern-euphrates-steadily-collapsing/">the original</a> on 20 January 2018. Retrieved 6 January 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Last+ISIS+pocket+along+eastern+Euphrates+steadily+collapsing&rft.date=2018-01-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.almasdarnews.com%2Farticle%2Flast-isis-pocket-along-eastern-euphrates-steadily-collapsing%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-158"><a href="#cite_ref-158">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180107060851/https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/kurdish-forces-battle-hard-control-2-key-isis-strongholds-east-syria-amid-rising-losses-sides/">"Kurdish forces battle hard to control 2 key ISIS strongholds in east Syria amid rising losses on both sides"</a>. 4 January 2018. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/kurdish-forces-battle-hard-control-2-key-isis-strongholds-east-syria-amid-rising-losses-sides/">the original</a> on 7 January 2018. Retrieved 6 January 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Kurdish+forces+battle+hard+to+control+2+key+ISIS+strongholds+in+east+Syria+amid+rising+losses+on+both+sides&rft.date=2018-01-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.almasdarnews.com%2Farticle%2Fkurdish-forces-battle-hard-control-2-key-isis-strongholds-east-syria-amid-rising-losses-sides%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-159"><a href="#cite_ref-159">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180107081048/https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/kurdish-forces-seize-isis-stronghold-eastern-syria-one-week-battle/">"Kurdish forces seize ISIS stronghold in eastern Syria after one week battle"</a>. 5 January 2018. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/kurdish-forces-seize-isis-stronghold-eastern-syria-one-week-battle/">the original</a> on 7 January 2018. Retrieved 6 January 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Kurdish+forces+seize+ISIS+stronghold+in+eastern+Syria+after+one+week+battle&rft.date=2018-01-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.almasdarnews.com%2Farticle%2Fkurdish-forces-seize-isis-stronghold-eastern-syria-one-week-battle%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-160"><a href="#cite_ref-160">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180117103630/https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/isis-counter-offensive-east-syria-fails-miserably-leading-high-losses-among-jihadist-ranks/">"ISIS counter-offensive in east Syria fails miserably leading to high losses among jihadist ranks"</a>. 8 January 2018. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/isis-counter-offensive-east-syria-fails-miserably-leading-high-losses-among-jihadist-ranks/">the original</a> on 17 January 2018. Retrieved 16 January 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ISIS+counter-offensive+in+east+Syria+fails+miserably+leading+to+high+losses+among+jihadist+ranks&rft.date=2018-01-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.almasdarnews.com%2Farticle%2Fisis-counter-offensive-east-syria-fails-miserably-leading-high-losses-among-jihadist-ranks%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-161"><a href="#cite_ref-161">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180120155858/https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/us-backed-forces-suffer-heavy-casualties-isis-captures-territory-east-deir-ezzor/">"US-backed forces suffer heavy casualties as ISIS captures territory in east Deir Ezzor"</a>. 10 January 2018. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/us-backed-forces-suffer-heavy-casualties-isis-captures-territory-east-deir-ezzor/">the original</a> on 20 January 2018. Retrieved 16 January 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=US-backed+forces+suffer+heavy+casualties+as+ISIS+captures+territory+in+east+Deir+Ezzor&rft.date=2018-01-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.almasdarnews.com%2Farticle%2Fus-backed-forces-suffer-heavy-casualties-isis-captures-territory-east-deir-ezzor%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-162"><a href="#cite_ref-162">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180117102115/https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/120-syrian-members-isis-joined-us-backed-forces-deir-ezzor-sohr/">"Over 120 Syrian members of ISIS joined US-backed forces in Deir Ezzor: SOHR"</a>. 10 January 2018. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/120-syrian-members-isis-joined-us-backed-forces-deir-ezzor-sohr/">the original</a> on 17 January 2018. Retrieved 16 January 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Over+120+Syrian+members+of+ISIS+joined+US-backed+forces+in+Deir+Ezzor%3A+SOHR&rft.date=2018-01-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.almasdarnews.com%2Farticle%2F120-syrian-members-isis-joined-us-backed-forces-deir-ezzor-sohr%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-163"><a href="#cite_ref-163">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dailysabah.com/mideast/2018/01/15/us-led-coalition-denies-report-that-ex-daesh-militants-joined-sdf">"US-led coalition denies report that ex-Daesh militants joined SDF"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Daily_Sabah" title="Daily Sabah">Daily Sabah</a>. 15 January 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Daily+Sabah&rft.atitle=US-led+coalition+denies+report+that+ex-Daesh+militants+joined+SDF&rft.date=2018-01-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dailysabah.com%2Fmideast%2F2018%2F01%2F15%2Fus-led-coalition-denies-report-that-ex-daesh-militants-joined-sdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-164"><a href="#cite_ref-164">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180111142337/https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/us-led-forces-endure-another-day-high-losses-east-syria-uzbek-isis-suicide-bomber-hits-mark/">"US-led forces endure another day of high losses in east Syria as Uzbek ISIS suicide bomber hits his mark"</a>. 11 January 2018. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/us-led-forces-endure-another-day-high-losses-east-syria-uzbek-isis-suicide-bomber-hits-mark/">the original</a> on 11 January 2018. Retrieved 16 January 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=US-led+forces+endure+another+day+of+high+losses+in+east+Syria+as+Uzbek+ISIS+suicide+bomber+hits+his+mark&rft.date=2018-01-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.almasdarnews.com%2Farticle%2Fus-led-forces-endure-another-day-high-losses-east-syria-uzbek-isis-suicide-bomber-hits-mark%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-165"><a href="#cite_ref-165">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180319225012/https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/isis-kicks-us-backed-forces-stronghold-east-syria-third-time-many-weeks/">"ISIS kicks US-backed forces out of stronghold in east Syria for third time in as many weeks"</a>. 14 January 2018. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/isis-kicks-us-backed-forces-stronghold-east-syria-third-time-many-weeks/">the original</a> on 19 March 2018. Retrieved 16 January 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ISIS+kicks+US-backed+forces+out+of+stronghold+in+east+Syria+for+third+time+in+as+many+weeks&rft.date=2018-01-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.almasdarnews.com%2Farticle%2Fisis-kicks-us-backed-forces-stronghold-east-syria-third-time-many-weeks%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-166"><a href="#cite_ref-166">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180120073339/https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/isis-throws-everything-got-keep-control-strategic-town-deir-ezzor/">"ISIS throws everything they got to keep control of strategic town in Deir Ezzor"</a>. 17 January 2018. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/isis-throws-everything-got-keep-control-strategic-town-deir-ezzor/">the original</a> on 20 January 2018. Retrieved 19 January 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ISIS+throws+everything+they+got+to+keep+control+of+strategic+town+in+Deir+Ezzor&rft.date=2018-01-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.almasdarnews.com%2Farticle%2Fisis-throws-everything-got-keep-control-strategic-town-deir-ezzor%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-167"><a href="#cite_ref-167">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.voanews.com/a/german-rapper-turned-islamic-state-pitchman-reportedly-killed-syria/4214737.html">"German Rapper-Turned-IS Pitchman Reportedly Killed in Syria"</a>. 19 January 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=German+Rapper-Turned-IS+Pitchman+Reportedly+Killed+in+Syria&rft.date=2018-01-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.voanews.com%2Fa%2Fgerman-rapper-turned-islamic-state-pitchman-reportedly-killed-syria%2F4214737.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-dw2-168"><a href="#cite_ref-dw2_168-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dw.com/en/german-rapper-turned-jihadi-denis-cuspert-reportedly-killed-in-syria/a-42213092">"German rapper-turned-jihadi Denis Cuspert reportedly killed in Syria – DW – 18.01.2018"</a>. DW.COM. Retrieved 10 July 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=DW.COM&rft.atitle=German+rapper-turned-jihadi+Denis+Cuspert+reportedly+killed+in+Syria+%E2%80%93+DW+%E2%80%93+18.01.2018&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dw.com%2Fen%2Fgerman-rapper-turned-jihadi-denis-cuspert-reportedly-killed-in-syria%2Fa-42213092&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-169"><a href="#cite_ref-169">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-42802151">"Syria war: US strikes on IS headquarters 'kills 150 militants'"</a>. BBC News. 24 January 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Syria+war%3A+US+strikes+on+IS+headquarters+%27kills+150+militants%27&rft.date=2018-01-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-middle-east-42802151&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-170"><a href="#cite_ref-170">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChulov2018" class="citation web cs1">Chulov, Martin (9 February 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/feb/09/jihadist-beatles-britons-face-isis-cruelty">"The jihadist 'Beatles': Britons who became the face of Isis cruelty"</a>. The Guardian.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=The+jihadist+%27Beatles%27%3A+Britons+who+became+the+face+of+Isis+cruelty&rft.date=2018-02-09&rft.aulast=Chulov&rft.aufirst=Martin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2018%2Ffeb%2F09%2Fjihadist-beatles-britons-face-isis-cruelty&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-171"><a href="#cite_ref-171">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180206002530/https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/pictures-another-bloody-meat-grinder-battle-takes-place-east-syria-isis-clings-key-stronghold/">"Pictures: Another bloody meat-grinder battle takes place in east Syria as ISIS clings on to key stronghold"</a>. 3 February 2018. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/pictures-another-bloody-meat-grinder-battle-takes-place-east-syria-isis-clings-key-stronghold/">the original</a> on 6 February 2018. Retrieved 5 February 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pictures%3A+Another+bloody+meat-grinder+battle+takes+place+in+east+Syria+as+ISIS+clings+on+to+key+stronghold&rft.date=2018-02-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.almasdarnews.com%2Farticle%2Fpictures-another-bloody-meat-grinder-battle-takes-place-east-syria-isis-clings-key-stronghold%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-172"><a href="#cite_ref-172">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIllingworth2018" class="citation web cs1">Illingworth, Andrew (12 February 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180213135132/https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/pictures-kurdish-forces-blown-away-east-syria-double-isis-car-bomb-attack/">"Pictures: Kurdish forces blown away in east Syria after double ISIS car bomb attack"</a>. Al-Masdar News. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/pictures-kurdish-forces-blown-away-east-syria-double-isis-car-bomb-attack/">the original</a> on 13 February 2018. Retrieved 13 February 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pictures%3A+Kurdish+forces+blown+away+in+east+Syria+after+double+ISIS+car+bomb+attack&rft.pub=Al-Masdar+News&rft.date=2018-02-12&rft.aulast=Illingworth&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.almasdarnews.com%2Farticle%2Fpictures-kurdish-forces-blown-away-east-syria-double-isis-car-bomb-attack%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-173"><a href="#cite_ref-173">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIllingworth2018" class="citation web cs1">Illingworth, Andrew (11 February 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180213094918/https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/breaking-kurdish-forces-bombed-us-coalition-airpower-east-syria-amid-big-battle-isis-reports/">"Breaking: Kurdish forces bombed by US coalition airpower in east Syria amid big battle with ISIS – reports"</a>. Al-Masdar News. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/breaking-kurdish-forces-bombed-us-coalition-airpower-east-syria-amid-big-battle-isis-reports/">the original</a> on 13 February 2018. Retrieved 13 February 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Breaking%3A+Kurdish+forces+bombed+by+US+coalition+airpower+in+east+Syria+amid+big+battle+with+ISIS+%E2%80%93+reports&rft.pub=Al-Masdar+News&rft.date=2018-02-11&rft.aulast=Illingworth&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.almasdarnews.com%2Farticle%2Fbreaking-kurdish-forces-bombed-us-coalition-airpower-east-syria-amid-big-battle-isis-reports%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-174"><a href="#cite_ref-174">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIllingworth2018" class="citation web cs1">Illingworth, Andrew (12 February 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180213025651/https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/breaking-almost-dozen-kurdish-fighters-encircled-isis-east-syria-rescued-just-time-iraqi-paramilitary-forces/">"Breaking: Almost a dozen Kurdish fighters encircled by ISIS in east Syria rescued just in time Iraqi paramilitary forces"</a>. Al-Masdar News. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/breaking-almost-dozen-kurdish-fighters-encircled-isis-east-syria-rescued-just-time-iraqi-paramilitary-forces/">the original</a> on 13 February 2018. Retrieved 13 February 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Breaking%3A+Almost+a+dozen+Kurdish+fighters+encircled+by+ISIS+in+east+Syria+rescued+just+in+time+Iraqi+paramilitary+forces&rft.pub=Al-Masdar+News&rft.date=2018-02-12&rft.aulast=Illingworth&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.almasdarnews.com%2Farticle%2Fbreaking-almost-dozen-kurdish-fighters-encircled-isis-east-syria-rescued-just-time-iraqi-paramilitary-forces%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-175"><a href="#cite_ref-175">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.middleeasteye.net/news/ypg-says-three-foreign-fighters-killed-syria-clashes-1602629369">"YPG says three foreign fighters killed in Syria clashes"</a>. Middle East Eye. 18 February 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=YPG+says+three+foreign+fighters+killed+in+Syria+clashes&rft.pub=Middle+East+Eye&rft.date=2018-02-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.middleeasteye.net%2Fnews%2Fypg-says-three-foreign-fighters-killed-syria-clashes-1602629369&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-176"><a href="#cite_ref-176">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newsdeeply.com/syria/executive-summaries/2018/02/22">"Executive Summary for February 22nd"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Syria_Deeply" title="Syria Deeply">Syria Deeply</a>. 22 February 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Executive+Summary+for+February+22nd&rft.pub=Syria+Deeply&rft.date=2018-02-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newsdeeply.com%2Fsyria%2Fexecutive-summaries%2F2018%2F02%2F22&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-177"><a href="#cite_ref-177">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.alaraby.co.uk/english/news/2018/2/26/anti-is-coalition-airstrikes-kill-dozens-of-civilians-in-syria">"US coalition airstrikes targeting IS kill dozens of civilians in Syria"</a>. The New Arab. 26 February 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=US+coalition+airstrikes+targeting+IS+kill+dozens+of+civilians+in+Syria&rft.pub=The+New+Arab&rft.date=2018-02-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.alaraby.co.uk%2Fenglish%2Fnews%2F2018%2F2%2F26%2Fanti-is-coalition-airstrikes-kill-dozens-of-civilians-in-syria&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-178"><a href="#cite_ref-178">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.voanews.com/a/us-coalition-asks-for-pause-in-hostilities-in-northwest-syria/4283260.html">"US Coalition Asks for Pause in Hostilities in Northwest Syria"</a>. Voice of America. 6 March 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=US+Coalition+Asks+for+Pause+in+Hostilities+in+Northwest+Syria&rft.pub=Voice+of+America&rft.date=2018-03-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.voanews.com%2Fa%2Fus-coalition-asks-for-pause-in-hostilities-in-northwest-syria%2F4283260.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-179"><a href="#cite_ref-179">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rudaw.net/english/middleeast/syria/030520181">"SDF advance 8km against ISIS in Deir ez-Zor"</a>. Rudaw. 3 May 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Rudaw&rft.atitle=SDF+advance+8km+against+ISIS+in+Deir+ez-Zor&rft.date=2018-05-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rudaw.net%2Fenglish%2Fmiddleeast%2Fsyria%2F030520181&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-180"><a href="#cite_ref-180">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.militarytimes.com/flashpoints/2018/05/08/us-backed-syrian-fighters-spotted-in-mraps-prior-to-isis-assault/">"US-backed Syrian fighters spotted in MRAPs prior to ISIS assault"</a>. 9 May 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=US-backed+Syrian+fighters+spotted+in+MRAPs+prior+to+ISIS+assault&rft.date=2018-05-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.militarytimes.com%2Fflashpoints%2F2018%2F05%2F08%2Fus-backed-syrian-fighters-spotted-in-mraps-prior-to-isis-assault%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-181"><a href="#cite_ref-181">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ft.com/content/36a8f0a4-547f-11e8-b3ee-41e0209208ec">"Five top Isis leaders claimed captured on Iraq-Syria border"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Financial_Times" title="Financial Times">Financial Times</a>. 10 May 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Financial+Times&rft.atitle=Five+top+Isis+leaders+claimed+captured+on+Iraq-Syria+border&rft.date=2018-05-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ft.com%2Fcontent%2F36a8f0a4-547f-11e8-b3ee-41e0209208ec&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-182"><a href="#cite_ref-182">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180513121333/https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/isis-loses-last-link-from-iraq-border-to-euphrates-river-in-deir-ezzor/">"ISIS loses last link from Iraq border to Euphrates River in Deir Ezzor"</a>. Al-Masdar News. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/isis-loses-last-link-from-iraq-border-to-euphrates-river-in-deir-ezzor/">the original</a> on 2018-05-13. Retrieved 2018-05-13.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Al-Masdar+News&rft.atitle=ISIS+loses+last+link+from+Iraq+border+to+Euphrates+River+in+Deir+Ezzor&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.almasdarnews.com%2Farticle%2Fisis-loses-last-link-from-iraq-border-to-euphrates-river-in-deir-ezzor%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-183"><a href="#cite_ref-183">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isis.liveuamap.com/en/2018/11-may-cizirestorm-sdf-reached-albaghuz-on-the-euphrates">"CizireStorm SDF reached al-Baghuz on the Euphrates river"</a>. Today news from war on Daesh, ISIS in English from Somalia, Egypt, Afghanistan, Iraq, Syria – isis.liveuamap.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Today+news+from+war+on+Daesh%2C+ISIS+in+English+from+Somalia%2C+Egypt%2C+Afghanistan%2C+Iraq%2C+Syria+%E2%80%93+isis.liveuamap.com&rft.atitle=CizireStorm+SDF+reached+al-Baghuz+on+the+Euphrates+river.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fisis.liveuamap.com%2Fen%2F2018%2F11-may-cizirestorm-sdf-reached-albaghuz-on-the-euphrates&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-184"><a href="#cite_ref-184">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/us-backed-fighters-advance-against-is-in-east-syria-118051401001_1.html">"US-backed fighters advance against IS in east Syria"</a>. 14 May 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=US-backed+fighters+advance+against+IS+in+east+Syria&rft.date=2018-05-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.business-standard.com%2Farticle%2Fpti-stories%2Fus-backed-fighters-advance-against-is-in-east-syria-118051401001_1.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-185"><a href="#cite_ref-185">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.syriahr.com/en/?p=92090">"...and at least 18 of ISIS were killed in the Coalition's bombardment and in clashes in al-Bahra area"</a>. 14 May 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=...and+at+least+18+of+ISIS+were+killed+in+the+Coalition%27s+bombardment+and+in+clashes+in+al-Bahra+area&rft.date=2018-05-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.syriahr.com%2Fen%2F%3Fp%3D92090&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-186"><a href="#cite_ref-186">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180515041454/http://www.dailystar.com.lb/News/Middle-East/2018/May-15/449397-sdf-moves-on-daesh-in-syria-sliver.ashx">"SDF moves on Daesh in Syria sliver | News , Middle East | THE DAILY STAR"</a>. dailystar.com.lb. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dailystar.com.lb/News/Middle-East/2018/May-15/449397-sdf-moves-on-daesh-in-syria-sliver.ashx">the original</a> on 2018-05-15. Retrieved 2018-05-15.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=dailystar.com.lb&rft.atitle=SDF+moves+on+Daesh+in+Syria+sliver+%26%23124%3B+News+%2C+Middle+East+%26%23124%3B+THE+DAILY+STAR&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dailystar.com.lb%2FNews%2FMiddle-East%2F2018%2FMay-15%2F449397-sdf-moves-on-daesh-in-syria-sliver.ashx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-fully_besieged-187"><a href="#cite_ref-fully_besieged_187-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeith_Aboufadel2018" class="citation web cs1">Leith Aboufadel (17 May 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180805063759/https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/isis-fully-besieged-between-syrian-army-sdf-lines-near-euphrates-river/">"ISIS fully besieged between Syrian Army, SDF lines near Euphrates River"</a>. Al-Masdar News. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/isis-fully-besieged-between-syrian-army-sdf-lines-near-euphrates-river/">the original</a> on 5 August 2018. Retrieved 5 August 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ISIS+fully+besieged+between+Syrian+Army%2C+SDF+lines+near+Euphrates+River&rft.pub=Al-Masdar+News&rft.date=2018-05-17&rft.au=Leith+Aboufadel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.almasdarnews.com%2Farticle%2Fisis-fully-besieged-between-syrian-army-sdf-lines-near-euphrates-river%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-continue_advance-188"><a href="#cite_ref-continue_advance_188-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWladimir_van_Wilgenburg2018" class="citation web cs1">Wladimir van Wilgenburg (20 July 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kurdistan24.net/en/news/e99f0630-9baf-4bf0-905b-13f2491e3414">"US-backed forces continue advance in Syria's Deir al-Zour"</a>. Kurdistan 25. Retrieved 21 July 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=US-backed+forces+continue+advance+in+Syria%27s+Deir+al-Zour&rft.pub=Kurdistan+25&rft.date=2018-07-20&rft.au=Wladimir+van+Wilgenburg&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kurdistan24.net%2Fen%2Fnews%2Fe99f0630-9baf-4bf0-905b-13f2491e3414&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-189"><a href="#cite_ref-189">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAl-Hal2018" class="citation web cs1">Al-Hal (24 August 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://syrianobserver.com/EN/News/34671/SDF_Surrounds_Last_Area_Under_ISIS_Control">"SDF Surrounds Last Area Under ISIS Control"</a>. The Syrian Observer. Retrieved 29 August 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Syrian+Observer&rft.atitle=SDF+Surrounds+Last+Area+Under+ISIS+Control&rft.date=2018-08-24&rft.au=Al-Hal&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsyrianobserver.com%2FEN%2FNews%2F34671%2FSDF_Surrounds_Last_Area_Under_ISIS_Control&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-190"><a href="#cite_ref-190">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFANA_Press2018" class="citation web cs1">ANA Press (24 August 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://syrianobserver.com/EN/News/34673/Baghdadi_Resurfaces_Recording_for_Fighting_Continue">"Baghdadi Resurfaces in Recording and for Fighting to Continue"</a>. The Syrian Observer. Retrieved 29 August 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Syrian+Observer&rft.atitle=Baghdadi+Resurfaces+in+Recording+and+for+Fighting+to+Continue&rft.date=2018-08-24&rft.au=ANA+Press&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsyrianobserver.com%2FEN%2FNews%2F34673%2FBaghdadi_Resurfaces_Recording_for_Fighting_Continue&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-191"><a href="#cite_ref-191">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hawarnews.com/en/haber/sdf-announced-terrorism-defeat-battle-as-part-of-al-jazeera-tempest-campaign-h3684.html">"SDF announced 'Terrorism Defeat Battle' as part of al-Jazeera Tempest campaign"</a>. Hawar News Agency (ANHA). 11 September 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Hawar+News+Agency+%28ANHA%29&rft.atitle=SDF+announced+%27Terrorism+Defeat+Battle%27+as+part+of+al-Jazeera+Tempest+campaign&rft.date=2018-09-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhawarnews.com%2Fen%2Fhaber%2Fsdf-announced-terrorism-defeat-battle-as-part-of-al-jazeera-tempest-campaign-h3684.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-192"><a href="#cite_ref-192">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://twitter.com/DefenseUnits/status/1040280548634243073">"SDF broke through the first defense lines of ISIS"</a>. 13 September 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=SDF+broke+through+the+first+defense+lines+of+ISIS&rft.date=2018-09-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftwitter.com%2FDefenseUnits%2Fstatus%2F1040280548634243073&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-193"><a href="#cite_ref-193">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sdf-press.com/en/2018/09/breaking-news-our-forces-liberate-al-bagouz-faqani-town/">"Breaking News: Our Forces Liberate Al-Bagouz Faqani Town"</a>. sdf-press. 20 September 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=sdf-press&rft.atitle=Breaking+News%3A+Our+Forces+Liberate+Al-Bagouz+Faqani+Town&rft.date=2018-09-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsdf-press.com%2Fen%2F2018%2F09%2Fbreaking-news-our-forces-liberate-al-bagouz-faqani-town%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-194"><a href="#cite_ref-194">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181001104134/https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/breaking-isis-launches-big-counter-attack-in-southeast-deir-ezzor/">"Breaking: ISIS launches big counter-attack in southeast Deir Ezzor"</a>. Almasdar News. 21 September 2018. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/breaking-isis-launches-big-counter-attack-in-southeast-deir-ezzor/">the original</a> on 1 October 2018. Retrieved 1 October 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Almasdar+News&rft.atitle=Breaking%3A+ISIS+launches+big+counter-attack+in+southeast+Deir+Ezzor&rft.date=2018-09-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.almasdarnews.com%2Farticle%2Fbreaking-isis-launches-big-counter-attack-in-southeast-deir-ezzor%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-195"><a href="#cite_ref-195">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://syrianobserver.com/EN/News/34837/SDF_Takes_Village_From_ISIS_Eastern_Deir_Zor">"SDF Takes Village From ISIS in Eastern Deir ez-Zor"</a>. The Syrian Observatory for Human Rights. 27 September 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Syrian+Observatory+for+Human+Rights&rft.atitle=SDF+Takes+Village+From+ISIS+in+Eastern+Deir+ez-Zor&rft.date=2018-09-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsyrianobserver.com%2FEN%2FNews%2F34837%2FSDF_Takes_Village_From_ISIS_Eastern_Deir_Zor&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-196"><a href="#cite_ref-196">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181001104220/https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/isis-fights-back-kurdish-forces-in-eastern-syria/">"ISIS fights back Kurdish forces in eastern Syria"</a>. Almasdar News. 26 September 2018. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/isis-fights-back-kurdish-forces-in-eastern-syria/">the original</a> on 1 October 2018. Retrieved 8 October 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Almasdar+News&rft.atitle=ISIS+fights+back+Kurdish+forces+in+eastern+Syria&rft.date=2018-09-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.almasdarnews.com%2Farticle%2Fisis-fights-back-kurdish-forces-in-eastern-syria%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-197"><a href="#cite_ref-197">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190622154232/https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/isis-suffers-another-big-setback-in-east-deir-ezzor-video/">"ISIS suffers another big setback in east Deir Ezzor (video)"</a>. Almasdar News. 8 October 2018. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/isis-suffers-another-big-setback-in-east-deir-ezzor-video/">the original</a> on 22 June 2019. Retrieved 9 October 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Almasdar+News&rft.atitle=ISIS+suffers+another+big+setback+in+east+Deir+Ezzor+%28video%29&rft.date=2018-10-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.almasdarnews.com%2Farticle%2Fisis-suffers-another-big-setback-in-east-deir-ezzor-video%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-198"><a href="#cite_ref-198">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jpost.com/Israel-News/ISIS-releases-six-Druze-hostages-569832">"ISIS releases six Druze hostages"</a>. The Jerusalem Post. 20 October 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Jerusalem+Post&rft.atitle=ISIS+releases+six+Druze+hostages&rft.date=2018-10-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jpost.com%2FIsrael-News%2FISIS-releases-six-Druze-hostages-569832&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-199"><a href="#cite_ref-199">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.syriahr.com/en/?p=104384">"At least 45 fighters of SDF were killed and captured and tens others ran away as a result of carrying out the most violent counterattack by the organization in a month of military operations in the east of the Euphrates"</a>. The Syrian Observatory for Human Rights. 10 October 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Syrian+Observatory+for+Human+Rights&rft.atitle=At+least+45+fighters+of+SDF+were+killed+and+captured+and+tens+others+ran+away+as+a+result+of+carrying+out+the+most+violent+counterattack+by+the+organization+in+a+month+of+military+operations+in+the+east+of+the+Euphrates&rft.date=2018-10-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.syriahr.com%2Fen%2F%3Fp%3D104384&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-200"><a href="#cite_ref-200">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://xeber24.org/archives/134813">"وصول تعزيزات لداعش إلى هجين عبر مناطق سيطرة النظام والروس"</a>. Xeber24 (in Arabic). 19 October 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Xeber24&rft.atitle=%D9%88%D8%B5%D9%88%D9%84+%D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%AA+%D9%84%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%B4+%D8%A5%D9%84%D9%89+%D9%87%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%86+%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%B1+%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B7%D9%82+%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%B7%D8%B1%D8%A9+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%B8%D8%A7%D9%85+%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3&rft.date=2018-10-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fxeber24.org%2Farchives%2F134813&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-201"><a href="#cite_ref-201">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.syriahr.com/en/?p=105007">"More casualties in al-Susah massacres raise the death toll to 58 including 41 civilians, killed by International Coalition warplanes east of Euphrates River"</a>. The Syrian Observatory for Human Rights. 20 October 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Syrian+Observatory+for+Human+Rights&rft.atitle=More+casualties+in+al-Susah+massacres+raise+the+death+toll+to+58+including+41+civilians%2C+killed+by+International+Coalition+warplanes+east+of+Euphrates+River&rft.date=2018-10-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.syriahr.com%2Fen%2F%3Fp%3D105007&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-202"><a href="#cite_ref-202">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sdf-press.com/en/2018/10/breaking-news-27/">"Breaking News"</a>. sdf-press. 22 October 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=sdf-press&rft.atitle=Breaking+News&rft.date=2018-10-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsdf-press.com%2Fen%2F2018%2F10%2Fbreaking-news-27%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-203"><a href="#cite_ref-203">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sdf-press.com/en/2018/10/breaking-news-28/">"Breaking News"</a>. sdf-press. 22 October 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=sdf-press&rft.atitle=Breaking+News&rft.date=2018-10-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsdf-press.com%2Fen%2F2018%2F10%2Fbreaking-news-28%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-204"><a href="#cite_ref-204">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sdf-press.com/en/2018/10/outcome-of-engagements-in-the-battle-to-defeat-terrorism-2/">"Outcome Of Engagements In The Battle To Defeat Terrorism"</a>. sdf-press. 23 October 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=sdf-press&rft.atitle=Outcome+Of+Engagements+In+The+Battle+To+Defeat+Terrorism&rft.date=2018-10-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsdf-press.com%2Fen%2F2018%2F10%2Foutcome-of-engagements-in-the-battle-to-defeat-terrorism-2%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-205"><a href="#cite_ref-205">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181023200151/http://sdf-press.com/2018/10/%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%AC%D9%84-%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B1-%D9%82%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%8A-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%A9/">"عاجل: تحرير قرية "حاوي السوسة""</a>. sdf-press (in Arabic). 23 October 2018. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sdf-press.com/2018/10/%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%AC%D9%84-%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B1-%D9%82%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%8A-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%A9/">the original</a> on 23 October 2018. Retrieved 23 October 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=sdf-press&rft.atitle=%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%AC%D9%84%3A+%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B1+%D9%82%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9+%22%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%8A+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%A9%22&rft.date=2018-10-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsdf-press.com%2F2018%2F10%2F%25D8%25B9%25D8%25A7%25D8%25AC%25D9%2584-%25D8%25AA%25D8%25AD%25D8%25B1%25D9%258A%25D8%25B1-%25D9%2582%25D8%25B1%25D9%258A%25D8%25A9-%25D8%25AD%25D8%25A7%25D9%2588%25D9%258A-%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25B3%25D9%2588%25D8%25B3%25D8%25A9%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-206"><a href="#cite_ref-206">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181026153614/http://sdf-press.com/2018/10/%D8%AD%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%A9-%D8%AF%D8%AD%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-19/">"(حصيلة الاشتباكات في (معركة دحر الإرهاب"</a>. sdf-press (in Arabic). 24 October 2018. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sdf-press.com/2018/10/%D8%AD%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%A9-%D8%AF%D8%AD%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-19/">the original</a> on 26 October 2018. Retrieved 24 October 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=sdf-press&rft.atitle=%28%D8%AD%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%A9+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%AA+%D9%81%D9%8A+%28%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%A9+%D8%AF%D8%AD%D8%B1+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8&rft.date=2018-10-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsdf-press.com%2F2018%2F10%2F%25D8%25AD%25D8%25B5%25D9%258A%25D9%2584%25D8%25A9-%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B4%25D8%25AA%25D8%25A8%25D8%25A7%25D9%2583%25D8%25A7%25D8%25AA-%25D9%2581%25D9%258A-%25D9%2585%25D8%25B9%25D8%25B1%25D9%2583%25D8%25A9-%25D8%25AF%25D8%25AD%25D8%25B1-%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25A5%25D8%25B1%25D9%2587%25D8%25A7%25D8%25A8-19%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-207"><a href="#cite_ref-207">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://twitter.com/oirspox/status/1055157514436857856">"OIR Spokesman on Twitter"</a>. Retrieved 31 October 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=OIR+Spokesman+on+Twitter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftwitter.com%2Foirspox%2Fstatus%2F1055157514436857856&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-208"><a href="#cite_ref-208">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thearabweekly.com/jihadists-force-us-backed-coalition-retreat-syria">"Jihadists force US-backed coalition retreat in Syria"</a>. The Arab Weekly. Retrieved 31 October 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Arab+Weekly&rft.atitle=Jihadists+force+US-backed+coalition+retreat+in+Syria&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthearabweekly.com%2Fjihadists-force-us-backed-coalition-retreat-syria&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-209"><a href="#cite_ref-209">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181030090713/https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/isis-retakes-several-towns-in-southeast-deir-ezzor-after-launching-major-counterattack/">"ISIS retakes several towns in southeast Deir Ezzor after launching major counterattack"</a>. 29 October 2018. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/isis-retakes-several-towns-in-southeast-deir-ezzor-after-launching-major-counterattack/">the original</a> on 30 October 2018. Retrieved 31 October 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ISIS+retakes+several+towns+in+southeast+Deir+Ezzor+after+launching+major+counterattack&rft.date=2018-10-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.almasdarnews.com%2Farticle%2Fisis-retakes-several-towns-in-southeast-deir-ezzor-after-launching-major-counterattack%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-210"><a href="#cite_ref-210">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://twitter.com/ShawnRodgers_/status/1056847187496312832">"Shawn Rodgers on Twitter"</a>. Retrieved 31 October 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Shawn+Rodgers+on+Twitter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftwitter.com%2FShawnRodgers_%2Fstatus%2F1056847187496312832&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-211"><a href="#cite_ref-211">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181120155520/https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/iraqs-hashd-al-shaabi-reinforces-syrian-border-as-isis-scores-new-advances-in-deir-ezzor/">"Iraq's Hashd Al-Shaabi reinforces Syrian border as ISIS scores new advances in Deir Ezzor"</a>. 29 October 2018. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/iraqs-hashd-al-shaabi-reinforces-syrian-border-as-isis-scores-new-advances-in-deir-ezzor/">the original</a> on 20 November 2018. Retrieved 31 October 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Iraq%27s+Hashd+Al-Shaabi+reinforces+Syrian+border+as+ISIS+scores+new+advances+in+Deir+Ezzor&rft.date=2018-10-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.almasdarnews.com%2Farticle%2Firaqs-hashd-al-shaabi-reinforces-syrian-border-as-isis-scores-new-advances-in-deir-ezzor%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-212"><a href="#cite_ref-212">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.militarytimes.com/flashpoints/2018/10/29/us-helps-syrian-partners-regroup-for-isis-last-stand/">"US helps Syrian partners regroup for ISIS 'last stand'"</a>. 29 October 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=US+helps+Syrian+partners+regroup+for+ISIS+%27last+stand%27&rft.date=2018-10-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.militarytimes.com%2Fflashpoints%2F2018%2F10%2F29%2Fus-helps-syrian-partners-regroup-for-isis-last-stand%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-213"><a href="#cite_ref-213">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://anfenglishmobile.com/rojava-northern-syria/sdf-49-isis-terrorists-killed-in-hajin-30666">"SDF: 49 ISIS terrorists were killed in Hajin"</a>. 6 November 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=SDF%3A+49+ISIS+terrorists+were+killed+in+Hajin&rft.date=2018-11-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fanfenglishmobile.com%2Frojava-northern-syria%2Fsdf-49-isis-terrorists-killed-in-hajin-30666&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-214"><a href="#cite_ref-214">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181106111609/http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2018-11/06/c_137586380.htm">"Iraqi forces seize 30 border posts in Syria: report"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Xinhua" class="mw-redirect" title="Xinhua">Xinhua</a>. 6 November 2018. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2018-11/06/c_137586380.htm">the original</a> on November 6, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Xinhua&rft.atitle=Iraqi+forces+seize+30+border+posts+in+Syria%3A+report&rft.date=2018-11-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.xinhuanet.com%2Fenglish%2F2018-11%2F06%2Fc_137586380.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-215"><a href="#cite_ref-215">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hawarnews.com/ar/haber/d982-d8b3-d8af-d8aad8b9d984d986-d8a7d8b3d8aad8a6d986d8a7d981-22d985d8b9d8b1d983d8a9-d8afd8add8b1-d8a7d984d8a3d8b1d987d8a7d8a822-h10359.html">"ق س د تعلن استئناف"</a>. hawarnews.com. Retrieved 15 December 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=hawarnews.com&rft.atitle=%D9%82+%D8%B3+%D8%AF+%D8%AA%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%86+%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A6%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%81&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hawarnews.com%2Far%2Fhaber%2Fd982-d8b3-d8af-d8aad8b9d984d986-d8a7d8b3d8aad8a6d986d8a7d981-22d985d8b9d8b1d983d8a9-d8afd8add8b1-d8a7d984d8a3d8b1d987d8a7d8a822-h10359.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-216"><a href="#cite_ref-216">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181112000210/https://ahvalnews.com/islamic-state/us-backed-sdf-fighters-resume-offensive-against-islamic-state-syria">"US-backed SDF fighters resume offensive against Islamic State in Syria"</a>. 11 November 2018. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ahvalnews.com/islamic-state/us-backed-sdf-fighters-resume-offensive-against-islamic-state-syria">the original</a> on 12 November 2018. Retrieved 11 November 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=US-backed+SDF+fighters+resume+offensive+against+Islamic+State+in+Syria&rft.date=2018-11-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fahvalnews.com%2Fislamic-state%2Fus-backed-sdf-fighters-resume-offensive-against-islamic-state-syria&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-217"><a href="#cite_ref-217">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.inherentresolve.mil/Portals/14/CJTF-OIR%20Press%20Release%2020181113-01%20Strike%20Release.pdf?ver=2018-11-13-100746-420">"Operation Roundup targets ISIS remnants"</a> (PDF) (Press release). November 13, 2018. Retrieved 2019-03-26.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Operation+Roundup+targets+ISIS+remnants&rft.date=2018-11-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.inherentresolve.mil%2FPortals%2F14%2FCJTF-OIR%2520Press%2520Release%252020181113-01%2520Strike%2520Release.pdf%3Fver%3D2018-11-13-100746-420&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-218"><a href="#cite_ref-218">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181125162401/https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/us-coalition-unleashes-powerful-attack-as-sdf-troops-prepare-counter-offensive/">"US Coalition unleashes powerful attack as SDF troops prepare counter-offensive"</a>. Al-Masdar. 24 November 2018. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/us-coalition-unleashes-powerful-attack-as-sdf-troops-prepare-counter-offensive/">the original</a> on 25 November 2018. Retrieved 25 November 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Al-Masdar&rft.atitle=US+Coalition+unleashes+powerful+attack+as+SDF+troops+prepare+counter-offensive&rft.date=2018-11-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.almasdarnews.com%2Farticle%2Fus-coalition-unleashes-powerful-attack-as-sdf-troops-prepare-counter-offensive%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-219"><a href="#cite_ref-219">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181125020429/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/world/is-counter-attacks-kill-47-us-backed-fighters-in-east-syria-10966284">"IS counter-attacks kill 47 US-backed fighters in east Syria: Monitor"</a>. 24 November 2018. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/world/is-counter-attacks-kill-47-us-backed-fighters-in-east-syria-10966284">the original</a> on 25 November 2018. Retrieved 25 November 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=IS+counter-attacks+kill+47+US-backed+fighters+in+east+Syria%3A+Monitor&rft.date=2018-11-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.channelnewsasia.com%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Fis-counter-attacks-kill-47-us-backed-fighters-in-east-syria-10966284&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-220"><a href="#cite_ref-220">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aawsat.com/english/home/article/1476736/24-sdf-members-killed-isis-syria">"24 SDF Members Killed by ISIS in Syria"</a>. 24 November 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=24+SDF+Members+Killed+by+ISIS+in+Syria&rft.date=2018-11-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Faawsat.com%2Fenglish%2Fhome%2Farticle%2F1476736%2F24-sdf-members-killed-isis-syria&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-221"><a href="#cite_ref-221">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181125115530/https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/isis-captures-over-10-us-backed-fighters-kills-several-others-in-deir-ezzor/">"ISIS captures over 10 US-backed fighters, kills several others in Deir Ezzor"</a>. Al-Masdar. 24 November 2018. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/isis-captures-over-10-us-backed-fighters-kills-several-others-in-deir-ezzor/">the original</a> on 25 November 2018. Retrieved 25 November 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Al-Masdar&rft.atitle=ISIS+captures+over+10+US-backed+fighters%2C+kills+several+others+in+Deir+Ezzor&rft.date=2018-11-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.almasdarnews.com%2Farticle%2Fisis-captures-over-10-us-backed-fighters-kills-several-others-in-deir-ezzor%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-222"><a href="#cite_ref-222">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ewn.co.za/2018/11/26/east-syria-fighting-kills-over-200-in-3-days-monitor">"East Syria fighting kills over 200 in 3 days – monitor"</a>. 26 November 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=East+Syria+fighting+kills+over+200+in+3+days+%E2%80%93+monitor&rft.date=2018-11-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fewn.co.za%2F2018%2F11%2F26%2Feast-syria-fighting-kills-over-200-in-3-days-monitor&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-223"><a href="#cite_ref-223">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAboufadel2018" class="citation web cs1">Aboufadel, Leith (3 December 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201111035938/https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/breaking-us-backed-forces-allegedly-enter-daeshs-new-capital/">"Breaking: US-backed forces allegedly enter Daesh's new capital"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/breaking-us-backed-forces-allegedly-enter-daeshs-new-capital/">the original</a> on 11 November 2020. Retrieved 15 December 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Breaking%3A+US-backed+forces+allegedly+enter+Daesh%27s+new+capital&rft.date=2018-12-03&rft.aulast=Aboufadel&rft.aufirst=Leith&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.almasdarnews.com%2Farticle%2Fbreaking-us-backed-forces-allegedly-enter-daeshs-new-capital%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-224"><a href="#cite_ref-224">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarić2018" class="citation web cs1">Barić, Joško (3 December 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210126044920/https://syrianwardaily.com/2018/12/03/syrian-war-daily-3rd-of-december-2018/">"Syrian War Daily – 3rd of December 2018"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://syrianwardaily.com/2018/12/03/syrian-war-daily-3rd-of-december-2018/">the original</a> on 26 January 2021. Retrieved 15 December 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Syrian+War+Daily+%E2%80%93+3rd+of+December+2018&rft.date=2018-12-03&rft.aulast=Bari%C4%87&rft.aufirst=Jo%C5%A1ko&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsyrianwardaily.com%2F2018%2F12%2F03%2Fsyrian-war-daily-3rd-of-december-2018%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto2-225">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto2_225-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto2_225-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFsays2018" class="citation web cs1">says, N/A (10 December 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2018/12/us-backed-forces-battle-islamic-state-for-control-of-hajin-syria.php">"US-backed forces battle Islamic State for control of Hajin, Syria – FDD's Long War Journal"</a>. longwarjournal.org. Retrieved 15 December 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=longwarjournal.org&rft.atitle=US-backed+forces+battle+Islamic+State+for+control+of+Hajin%2C+Syria+%E2%80%93+FDD%27s+Long+War+Journal&rft.date=2018-12-10&rft.aulast=says&rft.aufirst=N%2FA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.longwarjournal.org%2Farchives%2F2018%2F12%2Fus-backed-forces-battle-islamic-state-for-control-of-hajin-syria.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-226"><a href="#cite_ref-226">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAboufadel2018" class="citation web cs1">Aboufadel, Leith (4 December 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181205003259/https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/us-backed-forces-break-into-daeshs-new-capital-in-syria/">"US-backed forces break into Daesh's new capital in Syria"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/us-backed-forces-break-into-daeshs-new-capital-in-syria/">the original</a> on 5 December 2018. Retrieved 15 December 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=US-backed+forces+break+into+Daesh%27s+new+capital+in+Syria&rft.date=2018-12-04&rft.aulast=Aboufadel&rft.aufirst=Leith&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.almasdarnews.com%2Farticle%2Fus-backed-forces-break-into-daeshs-new-capital-in-syria%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-227"><a href="#cite_ref-227">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rudaw.net/english/middleeast/syria/06122018">"US-backed fighters break into ISIS holdout in east Syria"</a>. 7 December 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=US-backed+fighters+break+into+ISIS+holdout+in+east+Syria&rft.date=2018-12-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rudaw.net%2Fenglish%2Fmiddleeast%2Fsyria%2F06122018&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-228"><a href="#cite_ref-228">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181215171937/http://www.inherentresolve.mil/News/Strike-Releases/">"Strike Releases"</a>. inherentresolve.mil. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.inherentresolve.mil/News/Strike-Releases/">the original</a> on 15 December 2018. Retrieved 15 December 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=inherentresolve.mil&rft.atitle=Strike+Releases&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.inherentresolve.mil%2FNews%2FStrike-Releases%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-229"><a href="#cite_ref-229">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSquitieri2018" class="citation web cs1">Squitieri, Tom (11 December 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.talkmedianews.com/pentagon-news-as-it-break-from-the-pentagon/2018/12/11/still-no-answer-on-who-destroyed-hospital-in-hajin-syria-as-the-battle-for-the-city-continues/">"Still no answer on who destroyed hospital in Hajin, Syria, as the battle for the city continues"</a>. Retrieved 15 December 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Still+no+answer+on+who+destroyed+hospital+in+Hajin%2C+Syria%2C+as+the+battle+for+the+city+continues&rft.date=2018-12-11&rft.aulast=Squitieri&rft.aufirst=Tom&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.talkmedianews.com%2Fpentagon-news-as-it-break-from-the-pentagon%2F2018%2F12%2F11%2Fstill-no-answer-on-who-destroyed-hospital-in-hajin-syria-as-the-battle-for-the-city-continues%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-230"><a href="#cite_ref-230">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181214144600/http://www.inherentresolve.mil/News/Article/1708855/isis-actions-lead-to-loss-of-protected-status/">"ISIS Actions Lead to Loss of Protected Status"</a>. Operation Inherent Resolve. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.inherentresolve.mil/News/Article/1708855/isis-actions-lead-to-loss-of-protected-status/">the original</a> on 14 December 2018. Retrieved 15 December 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Operation+Inherent+Resolve&rft.atitle=ISIS+Actions+Lead+to+Loss+of+Protected+Status&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.inherentresolve.mil%2FNews%2FArticle%2F1708855%2Fisis-actions-lead-to-loss-of-protected-status%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-231"><a href="#cite_ref-231">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rudaw.net/english/middleeast/syria/09122018/">"SDF, coalition battle through ISIS-laid mines in Hajin"</a>. Rudaw. Retrieved 15 December 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Rudaw&rft.atitle=SDF%2C+coalition+battle+through+ISIS-laid+mines+in+Hajin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rudaw.net%2Fenglish%2Fmiddleeast%2Fsyria%2F09122018%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-232"><a href="#cite_ref-232">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAboufadel2018" class="citation web cs1">Aboufadel, Leith (11 December 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181215070034/https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/breaking-sdf-troops-capture-town-near-iraqi-border/">"Breaking: SDF troops capture town near Iraqi border"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/breaking-sdf-troops-capture-town-near-iraqi-border/">the original</a> on 15 December 2018. Retrieved 15 December 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Breaking%3A+SDF+troops+capture+town+near+Iraqi+border&rft.date=2018-12-11&rft.aulast=Aboufadel&rft.aufirst=Leith&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.almasdarnews.com%2Farticle%2Fbreaking-sdf-troops-capture-town-near-iraqi-border%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-233"><a href="#cite_ref-233">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rudaw.net/english/middleeast/syria/111220181">"Iraqi jets hit two targets, 44 ISIS militants in Syria"</a>. Rudaw. Retrieved 15 December 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Rudaw&rft.atitle=Iraqi+jets+hit+two+targets%2C+44+ISIS+militants+in+Syria&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rudaw.net%2Fenglish%2Fmiddleeast%2Fsyria%2F111220181&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-234"><a href="#cite_ref-234">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.urdupoint.com/en/world/is-tactics-prolong-fighting-inside-syrias-ha-503761.html">"IS Tactics Prolong Fighting Inside Syrias Hajin – US-Led Coalition Envoy"</a>. UrduPoint. Retrieved 15 December 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UrduPoint&rft.atitle=IS+Tactics+Prolong+Fighting+Inside+Syrias+Hajin+%E2%80%93+US-Led+Coalition+Envoy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.urdupoint.com%2Fen%2Fworld%2Fis-tactics-prolong-fighting-inside-syrias-ha-503761.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-235"><a href="#cite_ref-235">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKurdistan24" class="citation web cs1">Kurdistan24. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kurdistan24.net/en/news/bbac0f56-fd4c-4355-8ce1-000a48a66f2f">"Kurdistan 24 in Hajin: US-backed forces advance amid Islamic State tunnels, snipers"</a>. Kurdistan24. Retrieved 15 December 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Kurdistan24&rft.atitle=Kurdistan+24+in+Hajin%3A+US-backed+forces+advance+amid+Islamic+State+tunnels%2C+snipers&rft.au=Kurdistan24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kurdistan24.net%2Fen%2Fnews%2Fbbac0f56-fd4c-4355-8ce1-000a48a66f2f&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-236"><a href="#cite_ref-236">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBassem_Mroue2018" class="citation web cs1">Bassem Mroue (13 December 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.militarytimes.com/flashpoints/2018/12/13/us-backed-syria-kurds-say-fight-against-islamic-state-threatened-by-turkey/">"US-backed Syria Kurds say fight against Islamic State threatened by Turkey"</a>. Military Times. Associated Press. Retrieved 15 December 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Military+Times&rft.atitle=US-backed+Syria+Kurds+say+fight+against+Islamic+State+threatened+by+Turkey&rft.date=2018-12-13&rft.au=Bassem+Mroue&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.militarytimes.com%2Fflashpoints%2F2018%2F12%2F13%2Fus-backed-syria-kurds-say-fight-against-islamic-state-threatened-by-turkey%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-237"><a href="#cite_ref-237">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181214140945/https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/us-backed-syrian-kurdish-fighters-push-held-town-59792577">"US-backed Syrian Kurdish fighters push into IS-held town"</a>. ABC News. 13 December 2018. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/us-backed-syrian-kurdish-fighters-push-held-town-59792577">the original</a> on 14 December 2018. Retrieved 15 December 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ABC+News&rft.atitle=US-backed+Syrian+Kurdish+fighters+push+into+IS-held+town&rft.date=2018-12-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fabcnews.go.com%2FInternational%2FwireStory%2Fus-backed-syrian-kurdish-fighters-push-held-town-59792577&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-238"><a href="#cite_ref-238">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFamed2018" class="citation web cs1">amed, zana (13 December 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://twitter.com/zana_med/status/1073260785395224577">"#SDF flag in #Hajin bazaar place, center of the town. via @ciyager_rojavapic.twitter.com/OVn4ffdAMf"</a>. Retrieved 15 December 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%23SDF+flag+in+%23Hajin+bazaar+place%2C+center+of+the+town.+via+%40ciyager_rojavapic.twitter.com%2FOVn4ffdAMf&rft.date=2018-12-13&rft.aulast=amed&rft.aufirst=zana&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftwitter.com%2Fzana_med%2Fstatus%2F1073260785395224577&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-239"><a href="#cite_ref-239">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.syriahr.com/en/?p=108961">"SDF control large parts of ISIS stronghold in its enclave east of Euphrates, ISIS withdraws toward the eastern outskirts of Hajin"</a>. 13 December 2018. Retrieved 15 December 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=SDF+control+large+parts+of+ISIS+stronghold+in+its+enclave+east+of+Euphrates%2C+ISIS+withdraws+toward+the+eastern+outskirts+of+Hajin&rft.date=2018-12-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.syriahr.com%2Fen%2F%3Fp%3D108961&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-240"><a href="#cite_ref-240">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dw.com/en/hajin-one-of-the-last-towns-held-by-is-militants-falls-in-syria/a-46737216">"Hajin, one of the last towns held by IS militants falls in Syria – DW – 14.12.2018"</a>. DW.COM. Retrieved 15 December 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=DW.COM&rft.atitle=Hajin%2C+one+of+the+last+towns+held+by+IS+militants+falls+in+Syria+%E2%80%93+DW+%E2%80%93+14.12.2018&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dw.com%2Fen%2Fhajin-one-of-the-last-towns-held-by-is-militants-falls-in-syria%2Fa-46737216&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-241"><a href="#cite_ref-241">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.yahoo.com/syrian-kurdish-led-fighters-hajin-last-town-held-075739448.html">"Syrian Kurdish-led fighters take Hajin, last town held by IS"</a>. 14 December 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Syrian+Kurdish-led+fighters+take+Hajin%2C+last+town+held+by+IS&rft.date=2018-12-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.yahoo.com%2Fsyrian-kurdish-led-fighters-hajin-last-town-held-075739448.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-242"><a href="#cite_ref-242">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMroue2018" class="citation web cs1">Mroue, Bassem (December 14, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apnews.com/article/islamic-state-group-syria-middle-east-international-news-iraq-eebd0879a33b4dc0b06157bd5cc47083">"Syrian Kurdish-led fighters take Hajin, last town held by IS"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Associated+Press&rft.atitle=Syrian+Kurdish-led+fighters+take+Hajin%2C+last+town+held+by+IS&rft.date=2018-12-14&rft.aulast=Mroue&rft.aufirst=Bassem&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapnews.com%2Farticle%2Fislamic-state-group-syria-middle-east-international-news-iraq-eebd0879a33b4dc0b06157bd5cc47083&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-243"><a href="#cite_ref-243">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.syriahr.com/en/?p=109021">"The International Coalition warplanes continue their targeting to ISIS enclave in the east of the Euphrates along with the continued fighting in the outskirts of Hajin where the latter collapsed. SOHR. 14 December 2018"</a>. 14 December 2018. Retrieved 15 December 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+International+Coalition+warplanes+continue+their+targeting+to+ISIS+enclave+in+the+east+of+the+Euphrates+along+with+the+continued+fighting+in+the+outskirts+of+Hajin+where+the+latter+collapsed.+SOHR.+14+December+2018&rft.date=2018-12-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.syriahr.com%2Fen%2F%3Fp%3D109021&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-244"><a href="#cite_ref-244">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-germany-security-france-syria/top-french-officer-raps-wests-tactics-against-is-in-syria-faces-punishment-idUSKCN1Q50LZ">"Top French officer raps West's tactics against IS in Syria, faces punishment"</a>. Reuters. 19 February 2019. Retrieved 13 February 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Top+French+officer+raps+West%27s+tactics+against+IS+in+Syria%2C+faces+punishment&rft.date=2019-02-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-germany-security-france-syria%2Ftop-french-officer-raps-wests-tactics-against-is-in-syria-faces-punishment-idUSKCN1Q50LZ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-245"><a href="#cite_ref-245">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFcorrespondent2018" class="citation news cs1">correspondent, Martin Chulov Middle East (14 December 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/dec/14/kurdish-led-fighters-take-last-isis-town-in-syria-activists-say">"Isis withdraws from last urban stronghold in Syria"</a>. The Guardian. Retrieved 15 December 2018 – via www.theguardian.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Isis+withdraws+from+last+urban+stronghold+in+Syria&rft.date=2018-12-14&rft.aulast=correspondent&rft.aufirst=Martin+Chulov+Middle+East&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2018%2Fdec%2F14%2Fkurdish-led-fighters-take-last-isis-town-in-syria-activists-say&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> <code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_news" title="Template:Cite news">cite news</a>}}</code>: <code class="cs1-code">|last=</code> has generic name (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#generic_name" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-246"><a href="#cite_ref-246">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rudaw.net/mobile/english/middleeast/syria/19122018">"ISIS has executed 700 prisoners since Hajin ouster: war monitor"</a>. Rudaw. 2018-12-19.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Rudaw&rft.atitle=ISIS+has+executed+700+prisoners+since+Hajin+ouster%3A+war+monitor&rft.date=2018-12-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rudaw.net%2Fmobile%2Fenglish%2Fmiddleeast%2Fsyria%2F19122018&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-247"><a href="#cite_ref-247">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190324141823/https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/daeshs-last-euphrates-pocket-on-the-verge-of-collapse-map/">"Daesh's last Euphrates pocket on the verge of collapse (map)"</a>. Almasdarnews.com. 2017-12-21. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/daeshs-last-euphrates-pocket-on-the-verge-of-collapse-map/">the original</a> on 2019-03-24. Retrieved 2019-03-26.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Daesh%27s+last+Euphrates+pocket+on+the+verge+of+collapse+%28map%29&rft.pub=Almasdarnews.com&rft.date=2017-12-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.almasdarnews.com%2Farticle%2Fdaeshs-last-euphrates-pocket-on-the-verge-of-collapse-map%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-248"><a href="#cite_ref-248">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181222173047/https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/sdf-troops-score-big-advance-in-east-syria-as-us-continues-strikes-against-isis/">"SDF troops score big advance in east Syria as US continues strikes against ISIS"</a>. Al-Masdar. 21 December 2018. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/sdf-troops-score-big-advance-in-east-syria-as-us-continues-strikes-against-isis/">the original</a> on 22 December 2018. Retrieved 22 December 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Al-Masdar&rft.atitle=SDF+troops+score+big+advance+in+east+Syria+as+US+continues+strikes+against+ISIS&rft.date=2018-12-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.almasdarnews.com%2Farticle%2Fsdf-troops-score-big-advance-in-east-syria-as-us-continues-strikes-against-isis%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-249"><a href="#cite_ref-249">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190324145005/https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/sdf-captures-key-town-from-isis-in-east-deir-ezzor-map/">"SDF captures key town from ISIS in east Deir Ezzor (map)"</a>. Almasdarnews.com. 2017-12-21. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/sdf-captures-key-town-from-isis-in-east-deir-ezzor-map/">the original</a> on 2019-03-24. Retrieved 2019-03-26.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=SDF+captures+key+town+from+ISIS+in+east+Deir+Ezzor+%28map%29&rft.pub=Almasdarnews.com&rft.date=2017-12-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.almasdarnews.com%2Farticle%2Fsdf-captures-key-town-from-isis-in-east-deir-ezzor-map%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-250"><a href="#cite_ref-250">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181226184217/http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2018-12/25/c_137698496.htm">"Kurdish-led forces capture 262 IS militants trying to flee eastern Syria"</a>. Xinhua. 25 December 2018. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2018-12/25/c_137698496.htm">the original</a> on December 26, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Xinhua&rft.atitle=Kurdish-led+forces+capture+262+IS+militants+trying+to+flee+eastern+Syria&rft.date=2018-12-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.xinhuanet.com%2Fenglish%2F2018-12%2F25%2Fc_137698496.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-251"><a href="#cite_ref-251">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190327103041/https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/sdf-troops-enter-isis-held-town-in-eastern-deir-ezzor/">"SDF troops enter ISIS-held town in eastern Deir Ezzor"</a>. Almasdarnews.com. 2017-12-21. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/sdf-troops-enter-isis-held-town-in-eastern-deir-ezzor/">the original</a> on 2019-03-27. Retrieved 2019-03-26.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=SDF+troops+enter+ISIS-held+town+in+eastern+Deir+Ezzor&rft.pub=Almasdarnews.com&rft.date=2017-12-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.almasdarnews.com%2Farticle%2Fsdf-troops-enter-isis-held-town-in-eastern-deir-ezzor%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-252"><a href="#cite_ref-252">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190327101437/https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/kurdish-forces-rush-to-defeat-isis-amid-turkish-threat-in-northern-syria-map/">"Kurdish forces rush to defeat ISIS amid Turkish threat in northern Syria (map). Al-Masdar"</a>. Almasdarnews.com. 2017-12-21. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/kurdish-forces-rush-to-defeat-isis-amid-turkish-threat-in-northern-syria-map/">the original</a> on 2019-03-27. Retrieved 2019-03-26.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Kurdish+forces+rush+to+defeat+ISIS+amid+Turkish+threat+in+northern+Syria+%28map%29.+Al-Masdar&rft.pub=Almasdarnews.com&rft.date=2017-12-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.almasdarnews.com%2Farticle%2Fkurdish-forces-rush-to-defeat-isis-amid-turkish-threat-in-northern-syria-map%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-253"><a href="#cite_ref-253">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJoško_Barić2018" class="citation web cs1">Joško Barić (2018-12-29). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190327090231/https://syrianwardaily.com/2018/12/29/syrian-war-daily-29th-of-december-2018/">"Syrian War Daily – 29th of December 2018"</a>. Syrianwardaily.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://syrianwardaily.com/2018/12/29/syrian-war-daily-29th-of-december-2018/">the original</a> on 2019-03-27. Retrieved 2019-03-26.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Syrian+War+Daily+%E2%80%93+29th+of+December+2018&rft.pub=Syrianwardaily.com&rft.date=2018-12-29&rft.au=Jo%C5%A1ko+Bari%C4%87&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsyrianwardaily.com%2F2018%2F12%2F29%2Fsyrian-war-daily-29th-of-december-2018%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-254"><a href="#cite_ref-254">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeith_Aboufadel2019" class="citation web cs1">Leith Aboufadel (2019-01-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190102193459/https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/sdf-reach-gates-of-isis-stronghold-east-of-the-euphrates-map/">"SDF reach gates of ISIS stronghold east of the Euphrates – map"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/sdf-reach-gates-of-isis-stronghold-east-of-the-euphrates-map/">the original</a> on 2019-01-02. Retrieved 2019-01-02.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=SDF+reach+gates+of+ISIS+stronghold+east+of+the+Euphrates+%E2%80%93+map&rft.date=2019-01-01&rft.au=Leith+Aboufadel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.almasdarnews.com%2Farticle%2Fsdf-reach-gates-of-isis-stronghold-east-of-the-euphrates-map%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-255"><a href="#cite_ref-255">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-46772412">"Two British soldiers injured in Islamic State attack in Syria"</a>. BBC News. 6 January 2019. Retrieved 2019-03-26.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Two+British+soldiers+injured+in+Islamic+State+attack+in+Syria&rft.date=2019-01-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fuk-46772412&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-256"><a href="#cite_ref-256">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.arabnews.com/node/1432311/middle-east">"US-led coalition pounds Daesh-held village in eastern Syria"</a>. Arabnews.com. 2019-01-08. Retrieved 2019-03-26.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=US-led+coalition+pounds+Daesh-held+village+in+eastern+Syria&rft.pub=Arabnews.com&rft.date=2019-01-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.arabnews.com%2Fnode%2F1432311%2Fmiddle-east&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-257"><a href="#cite_ref-257">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190327090514/https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/us-teenager-captured-in-syria-while-fighting-with-isis/">"US teenager captured in Syria while fighting with ISIS"</a>. Almasdarnews.com. 9 January 2019. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/us-teenager-captured-in-syria-while-fighting-with-isis/">the original</a> on 2019-03-27. Retrieved 2019-03-26.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=US+teenager+captured+in+Syria+while+fighting+with+ISIS&rft.pub=Almasdarnews.com&rft.date=2019-01-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.almasdarnews.com%2Farticle%2Fus-teenager-captured-in-syria-while-fighting-with-isis%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-258"><a href="#cite_ref-258">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190327121653/https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/isis-once-again-loses-east-euphrates-stronghold-to-sdf-troops-map/">"ISIS once again loses east Euphrates stronghold to SDF troops: map"</a>. Almasdarnews.com. 2017-12-21. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/isis-once-again-loses-east-euphrates-stronghold-to-sdf-troops-map/">the original</a> on 2019-03-27. Retrieved 2019-03-26.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ISIS+once+again+loses+east+Euphrates+stronghold+to+SDF+troops%3A+map&rft.pub=Almasdarnews.com&rft.date=2017-12-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.almasdarnews.com%2Farticle%2Fisis-once-again-loses-east-euphrates-stronghold-to-sdf-troops-map%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-259"><a href="#cite_ref-259">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190327134813/https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/isis-is-on-their-last-legs-as-sdf-troops-approach-the-terrorist-groups-last-stronghold/">"ISIS is on their last legs as SDF troops approach the terrorist group's last stronghold"</a>. Almasdarnews.com. 2017-12-21. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/isis-is-on-their-last-legs-as-sdf-troops-approach-the-terrorist-groups-last-stronghold/">the original</a> on 2019-03-27. Retrieved 2019-03-26.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ISIS+is+on+their+last+legs+as+SDF+troops+approach+the+terrorist+group%27s+last+stronghold&rft.pub=Almasdarnews.com&rft.date=2017-12-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.almasdarnews.com%2Farticle%2Fisis-is-on-their-last-legs-as-sdf-troops-approach-the-terrorist-groups-last-stronghold%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-260"><a href="#cite_ref-260">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.arabnews.com/node/1434886/middle-east">"US-backed Syrian force: Daesh is in 'its final moments'"</a>. Arabnews.com. 2019-01-13. Retrieved 2019-03-26.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=US-backed+Syrian+force%3A+Daesh+is+in+%27its+final+moments%27&rft.pub=Arabnews.com&rft.date=2019-01-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.arabnews.com%2Fnode%2F1434886%2Fmiddle-east&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-261"><a href="#cite_ref-261">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190116103353/https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/sdf-troops-begin-major-push-to-capture-last-isis-stronghold-in-eastern-euphrates-region-map/">"SDF troops begin major push to capture last ISIS stronghold in eastern Euphrates region (map)"</a>. Al-Masdar. 15 January 2019. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/sdf-troops-begin-major-push-to-capture-last-isis-stronghold-in-eastern-euphrates-region-map/">the original</a> on 16 January 2019. Retrieved 16 January 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Al-Masdar&rft.atitle=SDF+troops+begin+major+push+to+capture+last+ISIS+stronghold+in+eastern+Euphrates+region+%28map%29&rft.date=2019-01-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.almasdarnews.com%2Farticle%2Fsdf-troops-begin-major-push-to-capture-last-isis-stronghold-in-eastern-euphrates-region-map%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-262"><a href="#cite_ref-262">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.middleeasteye.net/news/us-backed-kurdish-group-seize-key-village-militants-syria">"US backed Kurdish group seize key village from IS militants in Syria"</a>. Middle East Eye.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Middle+East+Eye&rft.atitle=US+backed+Kurdish+group+seize+key+village+from+IS+militants+in+Syria&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.middleeasteye.net%2Fnews%2Fus-backed-kurdish-group-seize-key-village-militants-syria&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-263"><a href="#cite_ref-263">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190327100502/https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/isis-suffers-devastating-defeat-after-losing-last-major-stronghold-east-of-euphrates-map/">"ISIS suffers devastating defeat after losing last major stronghold east of Euphrates (map)"</a>. Almasdarnews.com. 2017-12-21. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/isis-suffers-devastating-defeat-after-losing-last-major-stronghold-east-of-euphrates-map/">the original</a> on 2019-03-27. Retrieved 2019-03-26.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ISIS+suffers+devastating+defeat+after+losing+last+major+stronghold+east+of+Euphrates+%28map%29&rft.pub=Almasdarnews.com&rft.date=2017-12-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.almasdarnews.com%2Farticle%2Fisis-suffers-devastating-defeat-after-losing-last-major-stronghold-east-of-euphrates-map%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-264"><a href="#cite_ref-264">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJoško_Barić2019" class="citation web cs1">Joško Barić (2019-01-18). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190327091035/https://syrianwardaily.com/2019/01/18/syrian-war-daily-18th-of-january-2019/">"Syrian War Daily – 18th of January 2019"</a>. Syrianwardaily.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://syrianwardaily.com/2019/01/18/syrian-war-daily-18th-of-january-2019/">the original</a> on 2019-03-27. Retrieved 2019-03-26.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Syrian+War+Daily+%E2%80%93+18th+of+January+2019&rft.pub=Syrianwardaily.com&rft.date=2019-01-18&rft.au=Jo%C5%A1ko+Bari%C4%87&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsyrianwardaily.com%2F2019%2F01%2F18%2Fsyrian-war-daily-18th-of-january-2019%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-265"><a href="#cite_ref-265">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aawsat.com/english/home/article/1553856/triple-attack-isis-last-pocket-east-euphrates">"Triple Attack on ISIS Last Pocket East of Euphrates"</a>. Aawsat.com. Retrieved 2019-03-26.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Triple+Attack+on+ISIS+Last+Pocket+East+of+Euphrates&rft.pub=Aawsat.com&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Faawsat.com%2Fenglish%2Fhome%2Farticle%2F1553856%2Ftriple-attack-isis-last-pocket-east-euphrates&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-266"><a href="#cite_ref-266">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190327114627/https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/isis-on-last-legs-in-eastern-euphrates-after-losing-another-town-map/">"ISIS on last legs in eastern Euphrates after losing another town – map"</a>. Almasdarnews.com. 2017-12-21. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/isis-on-last-legs-in-eastern-euphrates-after-losing-another-town-map/">the original</a> on 2019-03-27. Retrieved 2019-03-26.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ISIS+on+last+legs+in+eastern+Euphrates+after+losing+another+town+%E2%80%93+map&rft.pub=Almasdarnews.com&rft.date=2017-12-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.almasdarnews.com%2Farticle%2Fisis-on-last-legs-in-eastern-euphrates-after-losing-another-town-map%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-267"><a href="#cite_ref-267">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJoško_Barić2019" class="citation web cs1">Joško Barić (2019-01-22). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190327090341/https://syrianwardaily.com/2019/01/22/syrian-war-daily-22nd-of-january-2019/">"Syrian War Daily – 22nd of January 2019"</a>. Syrianwardaily.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://syrianwardaily.com/2019/01/22/syrian-war-daily-22nd-of-january-2019/">the original</a> on 2019-03-27. Retrieved 2019-03-26.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Syrian+War+Daily+%E2%80%93+22nd+of+January+2019&rft.pub=Syrianwardaily.com&rft.date=2019-01-22&rft.au=Jo%C5%A1ko+Bari%C4%87&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsyrianwardaily.com%2F2019%2F01%2F22%2Fsyrian-war-daily-22nd-of-january-2019%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-268"><a href="#cite_ref-268">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.france24.com/en/20190123-nearly-5000-flee-last-enclave-eastern-syria-monitor">"Nearly 5,000 flee last IS enclave in eastern Syria: monitor"</a>. France 24. January 22, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=France+24&rft.atitle=Nearly+5%2C000+flee+last+IS+enclave+in+eastern+Syria%3A+monitor&rft.date=2019-01-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.france24.com%2Fen%2F20190123-nearly-5000-flee-last-enclave-eastern-syria-monitor&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-269"><a href="#cite_ref-269">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190123123958/http://www.syriahr.com/en/?p=113362">"Hours after the urgent call of the Syrian Observatory to open a safe passage, 23 trucks enter the front area to transport hundreds of people from the last of what remained for ISIS east of Euphrates • the Syrian Observatory for Human Rights"</a>. 22 January 2019. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.syriahr.com/en/?p=113362">the original</a> on 2019-01-23.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hours+after+the+urgent+call+of+the+Syrian+Observatory+to+open+a+safe+passage%2C+23+trucks+enter+the+front+area+to+transport+hundreds+of+people+from+the+last+of+what+remained+for+ISIS+east+of+Euphrates+%E2%80%A2+the+Syrian+Observatory+for+Human+Rights&rft.date=2019-01-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.syriahr.com%2Fen%2F%3Fp%3D113362&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-thenational.ae-270">^ <a href="#cite_ref-thenational.ae_270-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-thenational.ae_270-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thenational.ae/world/mena/us-coalition-forces-overrun-last-isis-village-in-syria-1.816920">"US coalition forces overrun last ISIS village in Syria"</a>. The National. 23 January 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+National&rft.atitle=US+coalition+forces+overrun+last+ISIS+village+in+Syria&rft.date=2019-01-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thenational.ae%2Fworld%2Fmena%2Fus-coalition-forces-overrun-last-isis-village-in-syria-1.816920&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-271"><a href="#cite_ref-271">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kurdistan24.net/en/news/6b35f2ae-9e74-48ab-8f2f-2a5be118533b">"US-backed SDF forces close to victory in last ISIS-held pocket: Monitoring group"</a>. Kurdistan24.net. 2019-01-22. Retrieved 2019-03-26.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=US-backed+SDF+forces+close+to+victory+in+last+ISIS-held+pocket%3A+Monitoring+group&rft.pub=Kurdistan24.net&rft.date=2019-01-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kurdistan24.net%2Fen%2Fnews%2F6b35f2ae-9e74-48ab-8f2f-2a5be118533b&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-272"><a href="#cite_ref-272">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.arabnews.com/node/1440461/middle-east">"Kurd-led forces overrun last Daesh-held village in Syria: monitor"</a>. 23 January 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Kurd-led+forces+overrun+last+Daesh-held+village+in+Syria%3A+monitor&rft.date=2019-01-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.arabnews.com%2Fnode%2F1440461%2Fmiddle-east&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-273"><a href="#cite_ref-273">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://english.alarabiya.net/en/News/middle-east/2019/01/23/Nearly-5-000-flee-last-ISIS-enclave-in-eastern-Syria-.html">"Nearly 5,000 flee last ISIS enclave in eastern Syria"</a>. English.alarabiya.net. 22 January 2019. Retrieved 2019-03-26.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Nearly+5%2C000+flee+last+ISIS+enclave+in+eastern+Syria&rft.pub=English.alarabiya.net&rft.date=2019-01-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fenglish.alarabiya.net%2Fen%2FNews%2Fmiddle-east%2F2019%2F01%2F23%2FNearly-5-000-flee-last-ISIS-enclave-in-eastern-Syria-.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-274"><a href="#cite_ref-274">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2019/01/24/world/middleeast/isis-syria-last-territory.html">"Down to Its Last 2 Villages in Syria, ISIS Still Fights Back"</a>. The New York Times. 24 January 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Down+to+Its+Last+2+Villages+in+Syria%2C+ISIS+Still+Fights+Back&rft.date=2018-01-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2019%2F01%2F24%2Fworld%2Fmiddleeast%2Fisis-syria-last-territory.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-275"><a href="#cite_ref-275">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190123231416/http://www.syriahr.com/en/?p=113467">"SDF and the Coalition control the last town of ISIS in Syria and continue to advance to end it completely east of Euphrates after 18 weeks of continuous military operations • the Syrian Observatory for Human Rights"</a>. 23 January 2019. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.syriahr.com/en/?p=113467">the original</a> on 2019-01-23.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=SDF+and+the+Coalition+control+the+last+town+of+ISIS+in+Syria+and+continue+to+advance+to+end+it+completely+east+of+Euphrates+after+18+weeks+of+continuous+military+operations+%E2%80%A2+the+Syrian+Observatory+for+Human+Rights&rft.date=2019-01-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.syriahr.com%2Fen%2F%3Fp%3D113467&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-nearing_end-276"><a href="#cite_ref-nearing_end_276-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeith_Aboufadel2019" class="citation web cs1">Leith Aboufadel (24 January 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201111004303/https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/isils-reign-over-eastern-euphrates-nearing-its-end-map/">"ISIL's reign over eastern Euphrates nearing its end – map"</a>. Al-Masdar News. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/isils-reign-over-eastern-euphrates-nearing-its-end-map/">the original</a> on 11 November 2020. Retrieved 25 January 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ISIL%27s+reign+over+eastern+Euphrates+nearing+its+end+%E2%80%93+map&rft.pub=Al-Masdar+News&rft.date=2019-01-24&rft.au=Leith+Aboufadel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.almasdarnews.com%2Farticle%2Fisils-reign-over-eastern-euphrates-nearing-its-end-map%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-277"><a href="#cite_ref-277">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrancesco_Bussoletti2019" class="citation web cs1">Francesco Bussoletti (25 January 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.difesaesicurezza.com/en/defence-and-security/syria-the-final-battle-of-the-sdf-against-isis-to-deir-ezzor-began/">"Syria, the final battle of the SDF against Isis to Deir Ezzor began"</a>. Difesaesicurezza.com. Retrieved 2019-03-26.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Syria%2C+the+final+battle+of+the+SDF+against+Isis+to+Deir+Ezzor+began&rft.pub=Difesaesicurezza.com&rft.date=2019-01-25&rft.au=Francesco+Bussoletti&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.difesaesicurezza.com%2Fen%2Fdefence-and-security%2Fsyria-the-final-battle-of-the-sdf-against-isis-to-deir-ezzor-began%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-278"><a href="#cite_ref-278">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190622154234/https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/desperate-isis-terrorists-use-suicide-attacks-in-eastern-euphrates-counter-offensive/">"Desperate ISIS terrorists use suicide attacks in eastern Euphrates counter-offensive"</a>. Al-Masdar News. 25 January 2019. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/desperate-isis-terrorists-use-suicide-attacks-in-eastern-euphrates-counter-offensive/">the original</a> on 22 June 2019. Retrieved 15 February 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Desperate+ISIS+terrorists+use+suicide+attacks+in+eastern+Euphrates+counter-offensive&rft.pub=Al-Masdar+News&rft.date=2019-01-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.almasdarnews.com%2Farticle%2Fdesperate-isis-terrorists-use-suicide-attacks-in-eastern-euphrates-counter-offensive%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-279"><a href="#cite_ref-279">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190327115113/https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/syrian-army-indirectly-helps-sdf-troops-with-heavy-attack-against-isis-in-eastern-euphrates-region/">"Syrian Army indirectly helps SDF troops with heavy attack against ISIS in eastern Euphrates region"</a>. Almasdarnews.com. 2017-12-21. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/syrian-army-indirectly-helps-sdf-troops-with-heavy-attack-against-isis-in-eastern-euphrates-region/">the original</a> on 2019-03-27. Retrieved 2019-03-26.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Syrian+Army+indirectly+helps+SDF+troops+with+heavy+attack+against+ISIS+in+eastern+Euphrates+region&rft.pub=Almasdarnews.com&rft.date=2017-12-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.almasdarnews.com%2Farticle%2Fsyrian-army-indirectly-helps-sdf-troops-with-heavy-attack-against-isis-in-eastern-euphrates-region%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-280"><a href="#cite_ref-280">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.syriahr.com/en/?p=113801">"About 35 ISIS members were killed and 21 others were captured in the failing attack by the organization on positions of the SDF in Al-Baghuz"</a>. 25 January 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=About+35+ISIS+members+were+killed+and+21+others+were+captured+in+the+failing+attack+by+the+organization+on+positions+of+the+SDF+in+Al-Baghuz&rft.date=2019-01-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.syriahr.com%2Fen%2F%3Fp%3D113801&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-to_be_defeated_within_month-281"><a href="#cite_ref-to_be_defeated_within_month_281-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/01/isil-caliphate-syria-defeated-month-sdf-chief-190125090135743.html">"ISIL 'caliphate' in Syria to be defeated within month: SDF chief"</a>. Al-Jazeera. 25 January 2019. Retrieved 25 January 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ISIL+%27caliphate%27+in+Syria+to+be+defeated+within+month%3A+SDF+chief&rft.pub=Al-Jazeera&rft.date=2019-01-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2F2019%2F01%2Fisil-caliphate-syria-defeated-month-sdf-chief-190125090135743.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-last_2_villages-282"><a href="#cite_ref-last_2_villages_282-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRukmini_Callimachi2019" class="citation news cs1">Rukmini Callimachi (24 January 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2019/01/24/world/middleeast/isis-syria-last-territory.html">"Down to Its Last 2 Villages in Syria, ISIS Still Fights Back"</a>. The New York Times. Retrieved 25 January 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Down+to+Its+Last+2+Villages+in+Syria%2C+ISIS+Still+Fights+Back&rft.date=2019-01-24&rft.au=Rukmini+Callimachi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2019%2F01%2F24%2Fworld%2Fmiddleeast%2Fisis-syria-last-territory.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-283"><a href="#cite_ref-283">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190327094949/https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/large-group-of-would-be-isis-suicide-bombers-surrender-themselves-in-easern-syria/">"Large group of would-be ISIS suicide bombers surrender themselves in eastern Syria"</a>. Almasdarnews.com. 25 January 2019. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/large-group-of-would-be-isis-suicide-bombers-surrender-themselves-in-easern-syria/">the original</a> on 2019-03-27. Retrieved 2019-03-26.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Large+group+of+would-be+ISIS+suicide+bombers+surrender+themselves+in+eastern+Syria&rft.pub=Almasdarnews.com&rft.date=2019-01-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.almasdarnews.com%2Farticle%2Flarge-group-of-would-be-isis-suicide-bombers-surrender-themselves-in-easern-syria%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-284"><a href="#cite_ref-284">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJoško_Barić2019" class="citation web cs1">Joško Barić (2019-01-26). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190327090829/https://syrianwardaily.com/2019/01/26/syrian-war-daily-26th-of-january-2019/">"Syrian War Daily – 26th of January 2019"</a>. Syrianwardaily.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://syrianwardaily.com/2019/01/26/syrian-war-daily-26th-of-january-2019/">the original</a> on 2019-03-27. Retrieved 2019-03-26.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Syrian+War+Daily+%E2%80%93+26th+of+January+2019&rft.pub=Syrianwardaily.com&rft.date=2019-01-26&rft.au=Jo%C5%A1ko+Bari%C4%87&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsyrianwardaily.com%2F2019%2F01%2F26%2Fsyrian-war-daily-26th-of-january-2019%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-285"><a href="#cite_ref-285">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200513191922/https://syriancivilwarmap.com/">"01/26: The Northern Democratic Brigade takes part in clashes against the Islamic State in al-Marashida"</a>. Syriancivilwarmap.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://syriancivilwarmap.com/">the original</a> on 2020-05-13. Retrieved 2019-03-26.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=01%2F26%3A+The+Northern+Democratic+Brigade+takes+part+in+clashes+against+the+Islamic+State+in+al-Marashida&rft.pub=Syriancivilwarmap.com&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsyriancivilwarmap.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-286"><a href="#cite_ref-286">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190327140326/https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/us-air-force-reportedly-kills-isis-commander-in-eastern-deir-ezzor/">"US Air Force reportedly kills ISIS commander in eastern Deir Ezzor"</a>. Almasdarnews.com. 2017-12-21. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/us-air-force-reportedly-kills-isis-commander-in-eastern-deir-ezzor/">the original</a> on 2019-03-27. Retrieved 2019-03-26.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=US+Air+Force+reportedly+kills+ISIS+commander+in+eastern+Deir+Ezzor&rft.pub=Almasdarnews.com&rft.date=2017-12-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.almasdarnews.com%2Farticle%2Fus-air-force-reportedly-kills-isis-commander-in-eastern-deir-ezzor%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-287"><a href="#cite_ref-287">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aawsat.com/english/home/article/1562916/coalition-strikes-kill-42-isis-syria-holdout">"Coalition Strikes Kill 42 in ISIS Syria Holdout"</a>. 26 January 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Coalition+Strikes+Kill+42+in+ISIS+Syria+Holdout&rft.date=2019-01-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Faawsat.com%2Fenglish%2Fhome%2Farticle%2F1562916%2Fcoalition-strikes-kill-42-isis-syria-holdout&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-288"><a href="#cite_ref-288">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190127120545/http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2019-01/27/c_137779109.htm">"4 IS suicide bombers target Kurdish-led forces in eastern Syria"</a>. 26 January 2019. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2019-01/27/c_137779109.htm">the original</a> on January 27, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=4+IS+suicide+bombers+target+Kurdish-led+forces+in+eastern+Syria&rft.date=2019-01-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.xinhuanet.com%2Fenglish%2F2019-01%2F27%2Fc_137779109.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-289"><a href="#cite_ref-289">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/the-once-vast-isis-caliphate-is-now-reduced-to-a-pair-of-villages-in-syria/2019/01/25/39cbd85c-2015-11e9-a759-2b8541bbbe20_story.html?noredirect=on">"The once vast ISIS 'caliphate' is now reduced to a pair of villages in Syria"</a>. The Washington Post. 27 January 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=The+once+vast+ISIS+%27caliphate%27+is+now+reduced+to+a+pair+of+villages+in+Syria&rft.date=2019-01-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fworld%2Fthe-once-vast-isis-caliphate-is-now-reduced-to-a-pair-of-villages-in-syria%2F2019%2F01%2F25%2F39cbd85c-2015-11e9-a759-2b8541bbbe20_story.html%3Fnoredirect%3Don&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-breaths-290">^ <a href="#cite_ref-breaths_290-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-breaths_290-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190129011439/https://en.deirezzor24.net/daesh-counts-its-last-breaths/">"Daesh counts its last breaths"</a>. DeirezZor24. 2019. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://en.deirezzor24.net/daesh-counts-its-last-breaths/">the original</a> on 2019-01-29. Retrieved 2019-01-28.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Daesh+counts+its+last+breaths&rft.pub=DeirezZor24&rft.date=2019&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fen.deirezzor24.net%2Fdaesh-counts-its-last-breaths%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-291"><a href="#cite_ref-291">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190129064344/https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/isis-hanging-on-by-a-thread-as-sdf-troops-make-last-push-east-of-the-euphrates/">"ISIS hanging on by a thread as SDF troops make last push east of the Euphrates"</a>. Almasdarnews.com. 2017-12-21. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/isis-hanging-on-by-a-thread-as-sdf-troops-make-last-push-east-of-the-euphrates/">the original</a> on 2019-01-29. Retrieved 2019-03-26.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ISIS+hanging+on+by+a+thread+as+SDF+troops+make+last+push+east+of+the+Euphrates&rft.pub=Almasdarnews.com&rft.date=2017-12-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.almasdarnews.com%2Farticle%2Fisis-hanging-on-by-a-thread-as-sdf-troops-make-last-push-east-of-the-euphrates%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-292"><a href="#cite_ref-292">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRouba_El_Husseini2019" class="citation web cs1">Rouba El Husseini (2019-01-28). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190327094008/https://www.yahoo.com/news/syria-boxed-shrinking-pocket-155716078.html">"IS in Syria boxed in to shrinking pocket"</a>. Yahoo.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.yahoo.com/news/syria-boxed-shrinking-pocket-155716078.html">the original</a> on 2019-03-27. Retrieved 2019-03-26.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=IS+in+Syria+boxed+in+to+shrinking+pocket&rft.pub=Yahoo.com&rft.date=2019-01-28&rft.au=Rouba+El+Husseini&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.yahoo.com%2Fnews%2Fsyria-boxed-shrinking-pocket-155716078.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-293"><a href="#cite_ref-293">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.arabnews.com/node/1443456/middle-east">"Scores of civilians, fighters depart Daesh stronghold in Syria"</a>. Arabnews.com. 2019-01-28. Retrieved 2019-03-26.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Scores+of+civilians%2C+fighters+depart+Daesh+stronghold+in+Syria&rft.pub=Arabnews.com&rft.date=2019-01-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.arabnews.com%2Fnode%2F1443456%2Fmiddle-east&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-294"><a href="#cite_ref-294">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-mideast-crisis-syria-sdf-idUSKCN1PN1HW">"Islamic State pinned in tiny eastern Syria enclave with families,..."</a> Reuters. January 29, 2019 – via www.reuters.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Islamic+State+pinned+in+tiny+eastern+Syria+enclave+with+families%2C...&rft.date=2019-01-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-mideast-crisis-syria-sdf-idUSKCN1PN1HW&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-295"><a href="#cite_ref-295">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ww.egyptindependent.com/isis-pinned-in-tiny-eastern-syria-enclave-sdf/">"ISIS pinned in tiny eastern Syria enclave: SDF"</a>. Egypt Independent. January 29, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Egypt+Independent&rft.atitle=ISIS+pinned+in+tiny+eastern+Syria+enclave%3A+SDF&rft.date=2019-01-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fww.egyptindependent.com%2Fisis-pinned-in-tiny-eastern-syria-enclave-sdf%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-296"><a href="#cite_ref-296">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-01-29/u-s-nears-retaking-100-of-isis-land-in-syria-shanahan-says">"U.S. Close to Taking All Islamic State Land in Syria, Shanahan Says"</a>. Bloomberg. 2019-01-29. Retrieved 2019-03-26.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=U.S.+Close+to+Taking+All+Islamic+State+Land+in+Syria%2C+Shanahan+Says&rft.pub=Bloomberg&rft.date=2019-01-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bloomberg.com%2Fnews%2Farticles%2F2019-01-29%2Fu-s-nears-retaking-100-of-isis-land-in-syria-shanahan-says&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-297"><a href="#cite_ref-297">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190327110059/https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/isis-commander-killed-in-terrorist-groups-last-town-east-of-euphrates/">"ISIS commander killed in terrorist group's last town east of Euphrates"</a>. Almasdarnews.com. 2017-12-21. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/isis-commander-killed-in-terrorist-groups-last-town-east-of-euphrates/">the original</a> on 2019-03-27. Retrieved 2019-03-26.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ISIS+commander+killed+in+terrorist+group%27s+last+town+east+of+Euphrates&rft.pub=Almasdarnews.com&rft.date=2017-12-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.almasdarnews.com%2Farticle%2Fisis-commander-killed-in-terrorist-groups-last-town-east-of-euphrates%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-298"><a href="#cite_ref-298">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190327133300/https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/three-yazidis-were-rescued-in-eastern-syria-after-being-abducted-by-isis-in-2014/">"Three Yazidis were rescued in eastern Syria after being abducted by ISIS in 2014"</a>. Almasdarnews.com. 2017-12-21. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/three-yazidis-were-rescued-in-eastern-syria-after-being-abducted-by-isis-in-2014/">the original</a> on 2019-03-27. Retrieved 2019-03-26.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Three+Yazidis+were+rescued+in+eastern+Syria+after+being+abducted+by+ISIS+in+2014&rft.pub=Almasdarnews.com&rft.date=2017-12-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.almasdarnews.com%2Farticle%2Fthree-yazidis-were-rescued-in-eastern-syria-after-being-abducted-by-isis-in-2014%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-299"><a href="#cite_ref-299">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://diyaruna.com/en_GB/articles/cnmi_di/features/2019/01/15/feature-04">"ISIS still trafficking Yazidi women: Iraqi official"</a>. Diyaruna.com. Retrieved 2019-03-26.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ISIS+still+trafficking+Yazidi+women%3A+Iraqi+official&rft.pub=Diyaruna.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdiyaruna.com%2Fen_GB%2Farticles%2Fcnmi_di%2Ffeatures%2F2019%2F01%2F15%2Ffeature-04&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-300"><a href="#cite_ref-300">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrancesco_Bussoletti2019" class="citation web cs1">Francesco Bussoletti (February 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.difesaesicurezza.com/en/defence-and-security/syria-the-sdf-in-deir-ezzor-advance-against-last-isis-praesidium-arqoub/">"Syria, the SDF in Deir Ezzor advance against last Isis praesidium: Arqoub"</a>. Difesaesicurezza.com. Retrieved 2019-03-26.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Syria%2C+the+SDF+in+Deir+Ezzor+advance+against+last+Isis+praesidium%3A+Arqoub&rft.pub=Difesaesicurezza.com&rft.date=2019-02&rft.au=Francesco+Bussoletti&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.difesaesicurezza.com%2Fen%2Fdefence-and-security%2Fsyria-the-sdf-in-deir-ezzor-advance-against-last-isis-praesidium-arqoub%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-301"><a href="#cite_ref-301">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190327102025/https://ahvalnews.com/islamic-state/us-backed-syrian-forces-reject-isis-request-safe-passage-turkey">"U.S.-backed Syrian forces reject ISIS request for safe passage to Turkey"</a>. Ahvalnews.com. 2019-02-01. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ahvalnews.com/islamic-state/us-backed-syrian-forces-reject-isis-request-safe-passage-turkey/">the original</a> on 2019-03-27. Retrieved 2019-03-26.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=U.S.-backed+Syrian+forces+reject+ISIS+request+for+safe+passage+to+Turkey&rft.pub=Ahvalnews.com&rft.date=2019-02-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fahvalnews.com%2Fislamic-state%2Fus-backed-syrian-forces-reject-isis-request-safe-passage-turkey%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-302"><a href="#cite_ref-302">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hawarnews.com/en/haber/is-uses-thousands-of-civilians-as-human-shields-h6611.html">"IS uses thousands of civilians as human shields – ANHA | HAWARNEWS | English"</a>. hawarnews.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=hawarnews.com&rft.atitle=IS+uses+thousands+of+civilians+as+human+shields+%E2%80%93+ANHA+%26%23124%3B+HAWARNEWS+%26%23124%3B+English&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hawarnews.com%2Fen%2Fhaber%2Fis-uses-thousands-of-civilians-as-human-shields-h6611.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-303"><a href="#cite_ref-303">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.syriahr.com/en/?p=115097">"Waiting for the remaining leaders and ISIS members to surrender, US Forces continue to search for internationally wanted persons as clashes stop at the east of Euphrates"</a>. 2 February 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Waiting+for+the+remaining+leaders+and+ISIS+members+to+surrender%2C+US+Forces+continue+to+search+for+internationally+wanted+persons+as+clashes+stop+at+the+east+of+Euphrates&rft.date=2019-02-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.syriahr.com%2Fen%2F%3Fp%3D115097&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-304"><a href="#cite_ref-304">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://syria.liveuamap.com/en/2019/6-february-sdf-evacuate-idpsisis-families-from-baghuz-off">"SDF evacuate IDPs/ISIS families from Baghuz. Off camera, US SOF hand out water, nappies and MREs and screen men separately, looking for fleeing ISIS fighters"</a>. Syria.liveuamap.com. Retrieved 2019-03-26.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=SDF+evacuate+IDPs%2FISIS+families+from+Baghuz.+Off+camera%2C+US+SOF+hand+out+water%2C+nappies+and+MREs+and+screen+men+separately%2C+looking+for+fleeing+ISIS+fighters&rft.pub=Syria.liveuamap.com&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsyria.liveuamap.com%2Fen%2F2019%2F6-february-sdf-evacuate-idpsisis-families-from-baghuz-off&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-305"><a href="#cite_ref-305">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hawarnews.com/en/haber/5-turkish-families-arrived-to-sdf-areas-h6688.html">"5 Turkish families arrived to SDF areas – ANHA | HAWARNEWS | English"</a>. hawarnews.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=hawarnews.com&rft.atitle=5+Turkish+families+arrived+to+SDF+areas+%E2%80%93+ANHA+%26%23124%3B+HAWARNEWS+%26%23124%3B+English&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hawarnews.com%2Fen%2Fhaber%2F5-turkish-families-arrived-to-sdf-areas-h6688.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-306"><a href="#cite_ref-306">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hawarnews.com/en/haber/new-families-arrive-to-sdf-liberated-areas-from-foreign-nationalities-h6715.html">"New families arrive to SDF-liberated areas from foreign nationalities – ANHA | HAWARNEWS | English"</a>. hawarnews.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=hawarnews.com&rft.atitle=New+families+arrive+to+SDF-liberated+areas+from+foreign+nationalities+%E2%80%93+ANHA+%26%23124%3B+HAWARNEWS+%26%23124%3B+English&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hawarnews.com%2Fen%2Fhaber%2Fnew-families-arrive-to-sdf-liberated-areas-from-foreign-nationalities-h6715.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-307"><a href="#cite_ref-307">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hawarnews.com/en/haber/5-of-the-caliphates-cubs-surrendered-to-sdf-h6714.html">"5 of"</a>. hawarnews.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=hawarnews.com&rft.atitle=5+of&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hawarnews.com%2Fen%2Fhaber%2F5-of-the-caliphates-cubs-surrendered-to-sdf-h6714.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-308"><a href="#cite_ref-308">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.straitstimes.com/world/united-states/trump-says-may-declare-isis-defeated-next-week">"Trump says may declare ISIS defeated next week"</a>. Straitstimes.com. 2019-02-07. Retrieved 2019-03-26.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Trump+says+may+declare+ISIS+defeated+next+week&rft.pub=Straitstimes.com&rft.date=2019-02-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.straitstimes.com%2Fworld%2Funited-states%2Ftrump-says-may-declare-isis-defeated-next-week&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-309"><a href="#cite_ref-309">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.straitstimes.com/world/middle-east/isis-caliphate-down-to-1-per-cent-of-original-size-as-final-assault-nears">"ISIS 'caliphate' down to 1 per cent of original size as final assault nears"</a>. Straitstimes.com. 2019-02-08. Retrieved 2019-03-26.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ISIS+%27caliphate%27+down+to+1+per+cent+of+original+size+as+final+assault+nears&rft.pub=Straitstimes.com&rft.date=2019-02-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.straitstimes.com%2Fworld%2Fmiddle-east%2Fisis-caliphate-down-to-1-per-cent-of-original-size-as-final-assault-nears&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-310"><a href="#cite_ref-310">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeith_Aboufadel2019" class="citation web cs1">Leith Aboufadel (7 February 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201119051754/https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/isis-squeezed-into-last-areas-as-sdf-troops-capture-2-villages-east-of-the-euphrates-mapto/">"ISIS squeezed into last areas as SDF troops capture 2 villages east of the Euphrates (MAP)"</a>. Al-Masdar News. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/isis-squeezed-into-last-areas-as-sdf-troops-capture-2-villages-east-of-the-euphrates-mapto/">the original</a> on 19 November 2020. Retrieved 15 February 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ISIS+squeezed+into+last+areas+as+SDF+troops+capture+2+villages+east+of+the+Euphrates+%28MAP%29&rft.pub=Al-Masdar+News&rft.date=2019-02-07&rft.au=Leith+Aboufadel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.almasdarnews.com%2Farticle%2Fisis-squeezed-into-last-areas-as-sdf-troops-capture-2-villages-east-of-the-euphrates-mapto%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-311"><a href="#cite_ref-311">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hawarnews.com/en/haber/sdf-commander-80-of-al-baguz-liberated-progression-is-ongoing-h6743.html">"SDF commander: 80% of al-Baguz liberated, progression is ongoing – ANHA | HAWARNEWS | English"</a>. hawarnews.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=hawarnews.com&rft.atitle=SDF+commander%3A+80%25+of+al-Baguz+liberated%2C+progression+is+ongoing+%E2%80%93+ANHA+%26%23124%3B+HAWARNEWS+%26%23124%3B+English&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hawarnews.com%2Fen%2Fhaber%2Fsdf-commander-80-of-al-baguz-liberated-progression-is-ongoing-h6743.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-312"><a href="#cite_ref-312">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-mideast-crisis-syria-sdf-idUSKCN1PY0A8">"SDF will attack IS Syria enclave once civilians out: official"</a>. Reuters. February 9, 2019 – via www.reuters.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=SDF+will+attack+IS+Syria+enclave+once+civilians+out%3A+official&rft.date=2019-02-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-mideast-crisis-syria-sdf-idUSKCN1PY0A8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-313"><a href="#cite_ref-313">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sdf-press.com/?p=26757">"عاجل: قوات سوريا الديمقراطية تطلق معركتها الأخيرة – قوات سوريا الديمقراطية – Syrian Democratic Forces"</a>. Sdf-press.com. 9 February 2019. Retrieved 2019-03-26.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%AC%D9%84%3A+%D9%82%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AA+%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B7%D9%8A%D8%A9+%D8%AA%D8%B7%D9%84%D9%82+%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%AA%D9%87%D8%A7+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%AE%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A9+%E2%80%93+%D9%82%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AA+%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B7%D9%8A%D8%A9+%E2%80%93+Syrian+Democratic+Forces&rft.pub=Sdf-press.com&rft.date=2019-02-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsdf-press.com%2F%3Fp%3D26757&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-314"><a href="#cite_ref-314">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.middleeasteye.net/news/sdf-launch-attack-last-islamic-state-syria-enclave-after-civilians-evacuated">"SDF launches 'final battle' against Islamic State Syria enclave"</a>. Middle East Eye.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Middle+East+Eye&rft.atitle=SDF+launches+%27final+battle%27+against+Islamic+State+Syria+enclave&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.middleeasteye.net%2Fnews%2Fsdf-launch-attack-last-islamic-state-syria-enclave-after-civilians-evacuated&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-315"><a href="#cite_ref-315">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.voanews.com/a/us-backed-fighters-launch-final-push-to-defeat-is-in-syria/4779930.html">"US-backed Fighters Launch Final Push to Defeat IS in Syria"</a>. VOA News. 2019-02-09.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=VOA+News&rft.atitle=US-backed+Fighters+Launch+Final+Push+to+Defeat+IS+in+Syria&rft.date=2019-02-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.voanews.com%2Fa%2Fus-backed-fighters-launch-final-push-to-defeat-is-in-syria%2F4779930.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-316"><a href="#cite_ref-316">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hawarnews.com/en/haber/sdf-liberate-2km2-violent-clashes-continue-h6797.html">"SDF liberate 2km2, violent clashes continue – ANHA | HAWARNEWS | English"</a>. hawarnews.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=hawarnews.com&rft.atitle=SDF+liberate+2km2%2C+violent+clashes+continue+%E2%80%93+ANHA+%26%23124%3B+HAWARNEWS+%26%23124%3B+English&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hawarnews.com%2Fen%2Fhaber%2Fsdf-liberate-2km2-violent-clashes-continue-h6797.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-317"><a href="#cite_ref-317">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sdf-press.com/en/2019/02/the-clashes-outcome-in-the-war-against-terrorism-20/">"The clashes outcome in the war against terrorism"</a>. Sdf-press.com. 10 February 2019. Retrieved 2019-03-26.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+clashes+outcome+in+the+war+against+terrorism&rft.pub=Sdf-press.com&rft.date=2019-02-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsdf-press.com%2Fen%2F2019%2F02%2Fthe-clashes-outcome-in-the-war-against-terrorism-20%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-318"><a href="#cite_ref-318">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190324192450/https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/us-unleashes-massive-attack-on-last-isis-bastion-in-eastern-euphrates/">"US unleashes massive attack on last ISIS bastion in eastern Euphrates"</a>. Almasdarnews.com. 2017-12-21. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/us-unleashes-massive-attack-on-last-isis-bastion-in-eastern-euphrates/">the original</a> on 2019-03-24. Retrieved 2019-03-26.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=US+unleashes+massive+attack+on+last+ISIS+bastion+in+eastern+Euphrates&rft.pub=Almasdarnews.com&rft.date=2017-12-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.almasdarnews.com%2Farticle%2Fus-unleashes-massive-attack-on-last-isis-bastion-in-eastern-euphrates%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-319"><a href="#cite_ref-319">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-mideast-crisis-syria-islamicstate/coalition-warplanes-hit-last-islamic-state-enclave-in-eastern-syria-idUSKCN1Q01V3">"Coalition warplanes hit last Islamic State enclave in eastern Syria"</a>. Rodi Said, Reuters. 11 February 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Rodi+Said%2C+Reuters&rft.atitle=Coalition+warplanes+hit+last+Islamic+State+enclave+in+eastern+Syria&rft.date=2019-02-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-mideast-crisis-syria-islamicstate%2Fcoalition-warplanes-hit-last-islamic-state-enclave-in-eastern-syria-idUSKCN1Q01V3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-320"><a href="#cite_ref-320">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hawarnews.com/en/haber/sdf-besiege-is-mercenaries-in-last-km2-h6851.html">"SDF besiege IS mercenaries in last km2"</a>. Hawar News. 12 February 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Hawar+News&rft.atitle=SDF+besiege+IS+mercenaries+in+last+km2&rft.date=2019-02-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hawarnews.com%2Fen%2Fhaber%2Fsdf-besiege-is-mercenaries-in-last-km2-h6851.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-321"><a href="#cite_ref-321">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.arabnews.com/node/1453096/middle-east">"US-backed fighters closing in on Daesh gunmen in eastern Syria. 16 February 2019"</a>. Arabnews.com. 2019-02-16. Retrieved 2019-03-26.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=US-backed+fighters+closing+in+on+Daesh+gunmen+in+eastern+Syria.+16+February+2019&rft.pub=Arabnews.com&rft.date=2019-02-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.arabnews.com%2Fnode%2F1453096%2Fmiddle-east&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-322"><a href="#cite_ref-322">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.haaretz.com/middle-east-news/syria/fear-for-civilians-slows-effort-to-recapture-last-isis-stronghold-in-syria-1.6962412">"Fear for Civilian Lives Slows Effort to Recapture Last ISIS Stronghold in Syria. 24 February 2019. Retrieved 26 February 2019"</a>. Haaretz.com. 2019-02-24. Retrieved 2019-03-26.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Fear+for+Civilian+Lives+Slows+Effort+to+Recapture+Last+ISIS+Stronghold+in+Syria.+24+February+2019.+Retrieved+26+February+2019&rft.pub=Haaretz.com&rft.date=2019-02-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.haaretz.com%2Fmiddle-east-news%2Fsyria%2Ffear-for-civilians-slows-effort-to-recapture-last-isis-stronghold-in-syria-1.6962412&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-323"><a href="#cite_ref-323">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ctvnews.ca/world/told-to-leave-isis-caliphate-holdouts-in-syria-stay-devoted-1.4309578">"Told to leave, ISIS 'caliphate' holdouts in Syria stay devoted"</a>. 23 February 2019. Retrieved 26 February 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Told+to+leave%2C+ISIS+%27caliphate%27+holdouts+in+Syria+stay+devoted&rft.date=2019-02-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ctvnews.ca%2Fworld%2Ftold-to-leave-isis-caliphate-holdouts-in-syria-stay-devoted-1.4309578&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-unrepentant-324">^ <a href="#cite_ref-unrepentant_324-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-unrepentant_324-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apnews.com/421ae3b080a94f1a9948ada0b311a278">"To the bitter end, IS militants remain organized and brutal"</a>. Associated Press. 6 March 2019. Retrieved 9 March 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Associated+Press&rft.atitle=To+the+bitter+end%2C+IS+militants+remain+organized+and+brutal&rft.date=2019-03-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapnews.com%2F421ae3b080a94f1a9948ada0b311a278&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-325"><a href="#cite_ref-325">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.yahoo.com/blood-knees-defeated-jihadists-still-defiant-160042423.html">"'Blood up to your knees': defeated IS jihadists still defiant"</a>. Yahoo! News. 8 March 2019. Retrieved 9 March 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Yahoo%21+News&rft.atitle=%27Blood+up+to+your+knees%27%3A+defeated+IS+jihadists+still+defiant&rft.date=2019-03-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.yahoo.com%2Fblood-knees-defeated-jihadists-still-defiant-160042423.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-326"><a href="#cite_ref-326">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rudaw.net/english/middleeast/syria/17032019">"SDF: Estimated 5,000 ISIS fighters and their families remain in Baghouz"</a>. Rudaw. 17 March 2019. Retrieved 19 March 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Rudaw&rft.atitle=SDF%3A+Estimated+5%2C000+ISIS+fighters+and+their+families+remain+in+Baghouz&rft.date=2019-03-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rudaw.net%2Fenglish%2Fmiddleeast%2Fsyria%2F17032019&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-327"><a href="#cite_ref-327">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2021/nov/14/us-confirms-2019-airstrike-hit-crowd-of-syrian-women-and-children">"US claims 2019 airstrike that hit Syrian women and children was justified"</a>. The Guardian. 14 November 2021. Retrieved 13 February 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=US+claims+2019+airstrike+that+hit+Syrian+women+and+children+was+justified&rft.date=2021-11-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fus-news%2F2021%2Fnov%2F14%2Fus-confirms-2019-airstrike-hit-crowd-of-syrian-women-and-children&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-328"><a href="#cite_ref-328">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mobile.twitter.com/mustefabali/status/1109338396256813056">"SDF fully defeats ISIS"</a>. 23 March 2019. Retrieved 23 March 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=SDF+fully+defeats+ISIS&rft.date=2019-03-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmobile.twitter.com%2Fmustefabali%2Fstatus%2F1109338396256813056&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-329"><a href="#cite_ref-329">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLister2018" class="citation web cs1">Lister, Tim (8 February 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://edition.cnn.com/2018/02/08/middleeast/syrian-us-airstrikes-analysis-intl/index.html">"Rare US airstrikes on pro-regime forces bring latest turn in Syrian War"</a>. CNN.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Rare+US+airstrikes+on+pro-regime+forces+bring+latest+turn+in+Syrian+War&rft.pub=CNN&rft.date=2018-02-08&rft.aulast=Lister&rft.aufirst=Tim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fedition.cnn.com%2F2018%2F02%2F08%2Fmiddleeast%2Fsyrian-us-airstrikes-analysis-intl%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-330"><a href="#cite_ref-330">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAboufadel2018" class="citation web cs1">Aboufadel, Leith (10 February 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180210180244/https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/syrian-fighters-defiant-us-coalition-airstrikes-deir-ez-zor-video/">"Syrian fighters defiant after US coalition airstrikes in Deir ez-Zor (video)"</a>. Al-Masdar News. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/syrian-fighters-defiant-us-coalition-airstrikes-deir-ez-zor-video/">the original</a> on 10 February 2018. Retrieved 10 February 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Syrian+fighters+defiant+after+US+coalition+airstrikes+in+Deir+ez-Zor+%28video%29&rft.pub=Al-Masdar+News&rft.date=2018-02-10&rft.aulast=Aboufadel&rft.aufirst=Leith&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.almasdarnews.com%2Farticle%2Fsyrian-fighters-defiant-us-coalition-airstrikes-deir-ez-zor-video%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-331"><a href="#cite_ref-331">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIllingworth2018" class="citation web cs1">Illingworth, Andrew (9 February 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180923142430/https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/breaking-us-led-forces-launch-offensive-syrian-army-deir-ezzor/">"Breaking: US-led forces launch all-out offensive against Syrian Army in Deir Ezzor"</a>. Al-Masdar News. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/breaking-us-led-forces-launch-offensive-syrian-army-deir-ezzor/">the original</a> on 23 September 2018. Retrieved 12 February 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Breaking%3A+US-led+forces+launch+all-out+offensive+against+Syrian+Army+in+Deir+Ezzor&rft.pub=Al-Masdar+News&rft.date=2018-02-09&rft.aulast=Illingworth&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.almasdarnews.com%2Farticle%2Fbreaking-us-led-forces-launch-offensive-syrian-army-deir-ezzor%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-332"><a href="#cite_ref-332">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIllingworth2018" class="citation news cs1">Illingworth, Andrew (9 February 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180212083143/https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/reports-offensive-us-led-forces-syrian-army-deir-ezzor-may-false-opposition-media-begins-scare-campaign/">"Reports of offensive by US-led forces against Syrian Army in Deir Ezzor may be false – opposition media begins scare campaign"</a>. Al-Masdar News. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/reports-offensive-us-led-forces-syrian-army-deir-ezzor-may-false-opposition-media-begins-scare-campaign/">the original</a> on 12 February 2018. Retrieved 11 February 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Reports+of+offensive+by+US-led+forces+against+Syrian+Army+in+Deir+Ezzor+may+be+false+%E2%80%93+opposition+media+begins+scare+campaign&rft.date=2018-02-09&rft.aulast=Illingworth&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.almasdarnews.com%2Farticle%2Freports-offensive-us-led-forces-syrian-army-deir-ezzor-may-false-opposition-media-begins-scare-campaign%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-reuters-333">^ <a href="#cite_ref-reuters_333-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-reuters_333-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-mideast-crisis-syria-euphrates/syrian-army-says-captured-villages-from-u-s-backed-forces-idUSKBN1I00EX">"U.S.-backed forces say they regain villages seized by Syrian army"</a>. Reuters. 29 April 2018. Retrieved 29 April 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=U.S.-backed+forces+say+they+regain+villages+seized+by+Syrian+army&rft.date=2018-04-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-mideast-crisis-syria-euphrates%2Fsyrian-army-says-captured-villages-from-u-s-backed-forces-idUSKBN1I00EX&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-15dead-334"><a href="#cite_ref-15dead_334-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180502064408/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/world/syria-regime-us-backed-forces-in-deadly-clashes-monitor-10187058">"Syria regime, US-backed forces in deadly clashes: Monitor"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/world/syria-regime-us-backed-forces-in-deadly-clashes-monitor-10187058">the original</a> on 2018-05-02. Retrieved 2019-02-19.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Syria+regime%2C+US-backed+forces+in+deadly+clashes%3A+Monitor&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.channelnewsasia.com%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Fsyria-regime-us-backed-forces-in-deadly-clashes-monitor-10187058&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-kinogabrielstatement-335"><a href="#cite_ref-kinogabrielstatement_335-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180429222000/http://www.nrttv.com/en/Details.aspx?Jimare=20882">"Archived copy"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nrttv.com/en/Details.aspx?Jimare=20882">the original</a> on 2018-04-29. Retrieved 2019-02-19.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Archived+copy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nrttv.com%2Fen%2FDetails.aspx%3FJimare%3D20882&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_archived_copy_as_title" title="Category:CS1 maint: archived copy as title">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-336"><a href="#cite_ref-336">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180501092751/https://muraselon.com/en/2018/04/sdf-us-syrian-army-villages-euphrates/">"SDF Regain Control of Villages Near Euphrates Captured by Syrian Army"</a>. Murasolen. 29 April 2018. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://muraselon.com/en/2018/04/sdf-us-syrian-army-villages-euphrates/">the original</a> on 1 May 2018. Retrieved 29 April 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Murasolen&rft.atitle=SDF+Regain+Control+of+Villages+Near+Euphrates+Captured+by+Syrian+Army&rft.date=2018-04-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmuraselon.com%2Fen%2F2018%2F04%2Fsdf-us-syrian-army-villages-euphrates%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-regaincities-337"><a href="#cite_ref-regaincities_337-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAl-Khalidi2018" class="citation news cs1">Al-Khalidi, Suleiman (April 29, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181130072054/https://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-mideast-crisis-syria-euphrates-idUKKBN1I00EO">"U.S.-backed forces say they regain villages seized by Syrian army"</a>. Reuters. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-mideast-crisis-syria-euphrates-idUKKBN1I00EO">the original</a> on November 30, 2018 – via uk.reuters.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=U.S.-backed+forces+say+they+regain+villages+seized+by+Syrian+army&rft.date=2018-04-29&rft.aulast=Al-Khalidi&rft.aufirst=Suleiman&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fuk.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fuk-mideast-crisis-syria-euphrates-idUKKBN1I00EO&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-aljazeerasdfregain-338"><a href="#cite_ref-aljazeerasdfregain_338-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2018/04/syria-sdf-reclaim-territory-hours-government-capture-180429184747155.html">"Syria: SDF reclaim territory hours after government capture"</a>. Aljazeera.com. 2018-04-29. Retrieved 2019-03-26.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Syria%3A+SDF+reclaim+territory+hours+after+government+capture&rft.pub=Aljazeera.com&rft.date=2018-04-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2F2018%2F04%2Fsyria-sdf-reclaim-territory-hours-government-capture-180429184747155.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-339"><a href="#cite_ref-339">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180626002942/https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/update-us-warplanes-purposely-avoided-striking-syrian-army-during-deir-ezzor-attack-only-fired-warning-shots-coalition/">"Update: US warplanes purposely avoided striking Syrian Army during Deir Ezzor attack, only fired warning shots – Pentagon"</a>. Almasdarnews.com. 2017-12-21. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/update-us-warplanes-purposely-avoided-striking-syrian-army-during-deir-ezzor-attack-only-fired-warning-shots-coalition/">the original</a> on 2018-06-26. Retrieved 2019-03-26.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Update%3A+US+warplanes+purposely+avoided+striking+Syrian+Army+during+Deir+Ezzor+attack%2C+only+fired+warning+shots+%E2%80%93+Pentagon&rft.pub=Almasdarnews.com&rft.date=2017-12-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.almasdarnews.com%2Farticle%2Fupdate-us-warplanes-purposely-avoided-striking-syrian-army-during-deir-ezzor-attack-only-fired-warning-shots-coalition%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-340"><a href="#cite_ref-340">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181214053107/http://www.dodig.mil/In-the-Spotlight/Article/1681464/lead-inspector-general-for-operation-inherent-resolve-i-quarterly-report-to-the/">"Lead Inspector General for Operation Inherent Resolve I Quarterly Repo"</a>. Department of Defense Office of Inspector General. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dodig.mil/In-the-Spotlight/Article/1681464/lead-inspector-general-for-operation-inherent-resolve-i-quarterly-report-to-the/">the original</a> on 14 December 2018. Retrieved 15 December 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Department+of+Defense+Office+of+Inspector+General&rft.atitle=Lead+Inspector+General+for+Operation+Inherent+Resolve+I+Quarterly+Repo&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dodig.mil%2FIn-the-Spotlight%2FArticle%2F1681464%2Flead-inspector-general-for-operation-inherent-resolve-i-quarterly-report-to-the%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-341"><a href="#cite_ref-341">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newsweek.com/what-happened-isis-one-year-iraq-hang-syria-1252311">"ISIS Gone? Trump Claims Group is Defeated But One Year After Losing Iraq, It's Hanging on in Syria"</a>. Newsweek. 12 December 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Newsweek&rft.atitle=ISIS+Gone%3F+Trump+Claims+Group+is+Defeated+But+One+Year+After+Losing+Iraq%2C+It%27s+Hanging+on+in+Syria&rft.date=2018-12-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newsweek.com%2Fwhat-happened-isis-one-year-iraq-hang-syria-1252311&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-342"><a href="#cite_ref-342">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHassanNordland2018" class="citation news cs1">Hassan, Falih; Nordland, Rod (9 December 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2018/12/09/world/middleeast/isis-territory-syria-iraq.html">"Battered ISIS Keeps Grip on Last Piece of Territory for Over a Year"</a>. The New York Times. Retrieved 15 December 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Battered+ISIS+Keeps+Grip+on+Last+Piece+of+Territory+for+Over+a+Year&rft.date=2018-12-09&rft.aulast=Hassan&rft.aufirst=Falih&rft.au=Nordland%2C+Rod&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2018%2F12%2F09%2Fworld%2Fmiddleeast%2Fisis-territory-syria-iraq.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-343"><a href="#cite_ref-343">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.militarytimes.com/flashpoints/2018/12/09/after-defeat-in-iraq-isis-fights-on-in-last-enclave-in-syria/">"After defeat in Iraq, ISIS fights on in last enclave in Syria"</a>. Military Times. 9 December 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Military+Times&rft.atitle=After+defeat+in+Iraq%2C+ISIS+fights+on+in+last+enclave+in+Syria&rft.date=2018-12-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.militarytimes.com%2Fflashpoints%2F2018%2F12%2F09%2Fafter-defeat-in-iraq-isis-fights-on-in-last-enclave-in-syria%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-344"><a href="#cite_ref-344">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190327091828/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/world/us-backed-sdf-vows-to-escalate-operations-against-islamic-state-in-syria-11136864">"US-backed SDF vows to escalate operations against Islamic State in Syria"</a>. Channelnewsasia.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/world/us-backed-sdf-vows-to-escalate-operations-against-islamic-state-in-syria-11136864">the original</a> on 2019-03-27. Retrieved 2019-03-26.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=US-backed+SDF+vows+to+escalate+operations+against+Islamic+State+in+Syria&rft.pub=Channelnewsasia.com&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.channelnewsasia.com%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Fus-backed-sdf-vows-to-escalate-operations-against-islamic-state-in-syria-11136864&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-345"><a href="#cite_ref-345">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/2019/01/29/politics/world-wide-threat-assessment-syria-isis/index.html">"US intelligence chief contradicts Trump on ISIS defeat"</a>. CNN. 29 January 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=US+intelligence+chief+contradicts+Trump+on+ISIS+defeat&rft.date=2019-01-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2019%2F01%2F29%2Fpolitics%2Fworld-wide-threat-assessment-syria-isis%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-346"><a href="#cite_ref-346">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEl_DeebAbdul-Zahra2019" class="citation news cs1">El Deeb, Sarah; Abdul-Zahra, Qassim (21 February 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.apnews.com/077e33d1cbf045c392e08eba2955890f">"More than 150 IS militants handed over to Iraq from Syria"</a>. Associated Press. Retrieved 24 March 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Associated+Press&rft.atitle=More+than+150+IS+militants+handed+over+to+Iraq+from+Syria&rft.date=2019-02-21&rft.aulast=El+Deeb&rft.aufirst=Sarah&rft.au=Abdul-Zahra%2C+Qassim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.apnews.com%2F077e33d1cbf045c392e08eba2955890f&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-voa26-347"><a href="#cite_ref-voa26_347-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.voanews.com/a/thousands-evacuate-last-islamic-state-hold-out-in-syria-/4804571.html">"Thousands Evacuate Last Islamic State Hold-Out in Syria"</a>. Voice of America. 26 February 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Voice+of+America&rft.atitle=Thousands+Evacuate+Last+Islamic+State+Hold-Out+in+Syria&rft.date=2019-02-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.voanews.com%2Fa%2Fthousands-evacuate-last-islamic-state-hold-out-in-syria-%2F4804571.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-348"><a href="#cite_ref-348">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.arabnews.com/node/1460616/middle-east">"Syria's Kurds set free nearly 300 Daesh-linked Syrians. 3 March 2019"</a>. Arabnews.com. 2019-03-03. Retrieved 2019-03-26.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Syria%27s+Kurds+set+free+nearly+300+Daesh-linked+Syrians.+3+March+2019&rft.pub=Arabnews.com&rft.date=2019-03-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.arabnews.com%2Fnode%2F1460616%2Fmiddle-east&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-349"><a href="#cite_ref-349">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-47998456">"Syria war: Kosovo brings back 110 citizens including jihadists"</a>. BBC. 20 April 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC&rft.atitle=Syria+war%3A+Kosovo+brings+back+110+citizens+including+jihadists&rft.date=2019-04-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-europe-47998456&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-350"><a href="#cite_ref-350">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-bosnia-syria/bosnia-brings-back-detains-islamic-fighter-from-syria-idUSKCN1RW0AP">"Bosnia brings back, detains Islamic fighter from Syria"</a>. Reuters. 20 April 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Bosnia+brings+back%2C+detains+Islamic+fighter+from+Syria&rft.date=2019-04-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-bosnia-syria%2Fbosnia-brings-back-detains-islamic-fighter-from-syria-idUSKCN1RW0AP&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADeir+ez-Zor+campaign+%282017%E2%80%932019%29" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Syrian_civil_war" style="wide;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Syrian_Civil_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:Syrian Civil War"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Syrian_Civil_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Template talk:Syrian Civil War"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Syrian_Civil_War" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Syrian Civil War"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Syrian_civil_war" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Syrian_civil_war" title="Syrian civil war">Syrian civil war</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;"><div id="Overviews" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Overviews</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.25em;font-weight:normal; vertical-align:top;">Main overviews</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rojava" class="mw-redirect" title="Rojava">Rojava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_civil_war" title="Syrian civil war">Syrian civil war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war">Timeline </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Background_and_causes_of_the_Syrian_Civil_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Background and causes of the Syrian Civil War">Background and causes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_peace_process" title="Syrian peace process">Syrian peace process</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_government_reactions_to_the_Syrian_civil_war" class="mw-redirect" title="Syrian government reactions to the Syrian civil war">Syrian government reactions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belligerents_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" class="mw-redirect" title="Belligerents in the Syrian civil war">Belligerents </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inter-rebel_conflict_during_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Inter-rebel conflict during the Syrian civil war">Inter-rebel conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spillover_of_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Spillover of the Syrian civil war">Spillover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Control_of_cities_during_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Control of cities during the Syrian civil war">Cities and towns </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sectarianism_and_minorities_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Sectarianism and minorities in the Syrian civil war">Sectarianism and minorities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Desert_campaign_(December_2017%E2%80%93present)" title="Syrian Desert campaign (December 2017–present)">Syrian Desert campaign (December 2017–present)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.25em;font-weight:normal; vertical-align:top;">Effects and ongoing concerns</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Casualties_of_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Casualties of the Syrian civil war">Casualties of the Syrian civil war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Refugees_of_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Refugees of the Syrian civil war">Refugees of the Syrian civil war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humanitarian_aid_during_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Humanitarian aid during the Syrian civil war">Humanitarian aid during the Syrian civil war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_violations_during_the_Syrian_civil_war" class="mw-redirect" title="Human rights violations during the Syrian civil war">Human rights violations during the Syrian civil war</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.25em;font-weight:normal; vertical-align:top;">Phases and processes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_revolution" title="Syrian revolution">Syrian revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_insurgency_phase_of_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Early insurgency phase of the Syrian civil war">Early insurgency phase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012%E2%80%932013_escalation_of_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="2012–2013 escalation of the Syrian civil war">2012–2013 escalation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_civil_war_ceasefires" title="Syrian civil war ceasefires">Ceasefires</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_peace_process" title="Syrian peace process">Syrian peace process</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.25em;font-weight:normal; vertical-align:top;">World reaction</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_reactions_to_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="International reactions to the Syrian civil war">International reactions to the Syrian civil war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Foreign involvement in the Syrian civil war">Foreign involvement in the Syrian civil war</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.25em;font-weight:normal; vertical-align:top;">Specific groups and countries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russian_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Russian involvement in the Syrian civil war">Russian involvement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_intervention_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Russian intervention in the Syrian civil war">Russian intervention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Turkish involvement in the Syrian civil war">Turkish involvement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_occupation_of_northern_Syria" title="Turkish occupation of northern Syria">Turkish occupation of northern Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Northern_Syria_Buffer_Zone" title="Second Northern Syria Buffer Zone">Second Northern Syria Buffer Zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idlib_demilitarization_(2018%E2%80%932019)" title="Idlib demilitarization (2018–2019)">Russian-Turkish agreement on Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/US_intervention_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="US intervention in the Syrian civil war">US intervention in the Syrian civil war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_attacks_on_U.S._bases_in_Iraq_and_Syria" class="mw-redirect" title="2023 attacks on U.S. bases in Iraq and Syria">2023 attacks on U.S. bases in Iraq and Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdish_Area_in_Syria" class="mw-redirect" title="Kurdish Area in Syria">Kurdish Area in Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Democratic_Forces" title="Syrian Democratic Forces">Syrian Democratic Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rojava_conflict" title="Rojava conflict">Rojava conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combined_Joint_Task_Force_%E2%80%93_Operation_Inherent_Resolve" title="Combined Joint Task Force – Operation Inherent Resolve">U.S. task force</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.25em;font-weight:normal; vertical-align:top;">Agreements and dialogues</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russian-Turkish_agreement_on_Syria" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian-Turkish agreement on Syria">Russian-Turkish agreement on Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AANES%E2%80%93Syria_relations" title="AANES–Syria relations">Relations between Syrian government and Kurdish groups in Syria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;"><div id="Timeline" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war">Timeline</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.25em;font-weight:normal; vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Background_and_causes_of_the_Syrian_Civil_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Background and causes of the Syrian Civil War">Background</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1963_Syrian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1963 Syrian coup d'état">1963 coup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1966_Syrian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1966 Syrian coup d'état">1966 coup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corrective_Movement_(Syria)" title="Corrective Movement (Syria)">Corrective Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamist_uprising_in_Syria" title="Islamist uprising in Syria">Islamist uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1999_Latakia_protests" title="1999 Latakia protests">Latakia protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Damascus_Spring" title="Damascus Spring">Damascus Spring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_Qamishli_riots" title="2004 Qamishli riots">Qamishli riots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_occupation_of_Lebanon" title="Syrian occupation of Lebanon">Syrian occupation of Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Damascus_Declaration" title="Damascus Declaration">Damascus Declaration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Syria" title="Human rights in Syria">Human rights in Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010s_in_Syria_political_history" title="2010s in Syria political history">2010s in Syria political history</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.25em;font-weight:normal; vertical-align:top;">2011 <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(January%E2%80%93April_2011)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (January–April 2011)">Jan–Apr</a> <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(May%E2%80%93August_2011)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (May–August 2011)">May–Aug</a> <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(September%E2%80%93December_2011)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (September–December 2011)">Sep–Dec</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Civil_uprising_phase_of_the_Syrian_civil_war" class="mw-redirect" title="Civil uprising phase of the Syrian civil war">Syrian Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Hamza_Ali_Al-Khateeb" title="Death of Hamza Ali Al-Khateeb">Death of Hamza Ali Al-Khateeb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Daraa" title="Siege of Daraa">Siege of Daraa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Baniyas" title="Siege of Baniyas">Siege of Baniyas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Talkalakh_(May_2011)" title="Siege of Talkalakh (May 2011)">May Talkalakh siege</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Rastan_and_Talbiseh" title="Siege of Rastan and Talbiseh">Siege of Rastan and Talbiseh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_2011_Jisr_ash-Shughur_clashes" title="June 2011 Jisr ash-Shughur clashes">June Jisr ash-Shughur operation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Hama_(2011)" title="Siege of Hama (2011)">Siege of Hama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Homs" title="Siege of Homs">Siege of Homs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Summer_2011_Jabal_al-Zawiya_operation" title="Summer 2011 Jabal al-Zawiya operation">Jabal al-Zawiya operation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Latakia" title="Siege of Latakia">Siege of Latakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deir_ez-Zor_clashes_(2011%E2%80%932014)" title="Deir ez-Zor clashes (2011–2014)">Deir ez-Zor clashes (2011–2014)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rif_Dimashq_clashes_(November_2011%E2%80%93March_2012)" title="Rif Dimashq clashes (November 2011–March 2012)">Rif Dimashq clashes (Nov 2011-Mar 2012)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Zabadani_(2012)" title="Battle of Zabadani (2012)">Battle of Zabadani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Douma" title="Battle of Douma">Battle of Douma</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daraa_Governorate_clashes_(2011%E2%80%932013)" title="Daraa Governorate clashes (2011–2013)">Daraa Governorate clashes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Rastan_(2011)" title="Battle of Rastan (2011)">Battle of Rastan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shayrat_and_Tiyas_airbase_ambush" title="Shayrat and Tiyas airbase ambush">Shayrat and Tiyas airbase ambush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idlib_Governorate_clashes_(September_2011_%E2%80%93_March_2012)" title="Idlib Governorate clashes (September 2011 – March 2012)">Idlib Governorate clashes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_2011_Jabal_al-Zawiya_massacres" title="December 2011 Jabal al-Zawiya massacres">December Jabal al-Zawiya massacres</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.25em;font-weight:normal; vertical-align:top;">2012 <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(January%E2%80%93April_2012)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (January–April 2012)">Jan–Apr</a> <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(May%E2%80%93August_2012)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (May–August 2012)">May–Aug</a> <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(September%E2%80%93December_2012)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (September–December 2012)">Sep–Dec</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_2012_al-Midan_bombing" title="January 2012 al-Midan bombing">January al-Midan bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Rastan_(January%E2%80%93February_2012)" title="Battle of Rastan (January–February 2012)">Battle of Rastan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Idlib_(2012)" title="Battle of Idlib (2012)">First Battle of Idlib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_al-Qusayr_(2012)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of al-Qusayr (2012)">Battle of al-Qusayr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_2012_Idlib_Governorate_Operation" title="April 2012 Idlib Governorate Operation">Idlib Governorate operation (Apr)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Taftanaz" title="Battle of Taftanaz">Battle of Taftanaz</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Rastan_(May_2012)" title="Battle of Rastan (May 2012)">May Battle of Rastan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houla_massacre" title="Houla massacre">Houla massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_al-Haffah" title="Battle of al-Haffah">Battle of al-Haffah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Qubeir_massacre" title="Al-Qubeir massacre">Al-Qubeir massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tremseh" title="Battle of Tremseh">Battle of Tremseh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Damascus_(2012)" title="Battle of Damascus (2012)">Battle of Damascus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/18_July_2012_Damascus_bombing" title="18 July 2012 Damascus bombing">18 July 2012 Damascus bombing</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Aleppo_(2012%E2%80%932016)" title="Battle of Aleppo (2012–2016)">Battle of Aleppo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Anadan" title="Battle of Anadan">Battle of Anadan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Base_46" title="Siege of Base 46">Siege of Base 46</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Hasakah_Governorate_campaign_(2012%E2%80%932013)" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Hasakah Governorate campaign (2012–2013)">Al-Hasakah Governorate campaign (2012–2013)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rif_Dimashq_offensive_(August%E2%80%93October_2012)" title="Rif Dimashq offensive (August–October 2012)">Rif Dimashq offensive (Aug-Oct)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Darayya_massacre" title="Darayya massacre">Darayya massacre</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Khirbet_Al-Joz" title="Battle of Khirbet Al-Joz">Battle of Khirbet Al-Joz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Maarrat_al-Numan_(2012)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Maarrat al-Numan (2012)">Battle of Maarrat al-Numan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Wadi_Deif_(2012%E2%80%932013)" title="Siege of Wadi Deif (2012–2013)">First siege of Wadi Deif</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Harem" title="Battle of Harem">Battle of Harem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rif_Dimashq_offensive_(November_2012%E2%80%93February_2013)" title="Rif Dimashq offensive (November 2012–February 2013)">Rif Dimashq offensive (Nov 2012–Feb 2013)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Darayya_(November_2012%E2%80%93February_2013)" title="Battle of Darayya (November 2012–February 2013)">Battle of Darayya</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aqrab_massacre" title="Aqrab massacre">Aqrab massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Hama_offensive" title="2012 Hama offensive">Hama offensive</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Halfaya_massacre" class="mw-redirect" title="Halfaya massacre">Halfaya massacre</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Darayya_(November_2012%E2%80%93February_2013)" title="Battle of Darayya (November 2012–February 2013)">Battle of Darayya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quneitra_Governorate_clashes_(2012%E2%80%932014)" title="Quneitra Governorate clashes (2012–2014)">Quneitra Governorate clashes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talbiseh_bakery_massacre" title="Talbiseh bakery massacre">Talbiseh bakery massacre</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.25em;font-weight:normal; vertical-align:top;">2013 <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(January%E2%80%93April_2013)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (January–April 2013)">Jan–Apr</a> <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(May%E2%80%93December_2013)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (May–December 2013)">May–Dec</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Safira" title="Battle of Safira">Battle of Safira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Shaddadi_(2013)" title="Battle of Shaddadi (2013)">Battle of Shadadeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Damascus_offensive_(2013)" title="Damascus offensive (2013)">Damascus offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raqqa_campaign_(2012%E2%80%932013)" title="Raqqa campaign (2012–2013)">Raqqa campaign (2012–2013)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Raqqa_(2013)" title="Battle of Raqqa (2013)">Battle of Raqqa (Mar)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_Daraa_offensive" title="2013 Daraa offensive">Daraa offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rif_Dimashq_offensive_(March%E2%80%93August_2013)" title="Rif Dimashq offensive (March–August 2013)">Rif Dimashq offensive (Mar–Aug)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Jdaidet_al-Fadl" title="Battle of Jdaidet al-Fadl">Battle of Jdaidet al-Fadl</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghouta_chemical_attack" title="Ghouta chemical attack">Ghouta chemical attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Qusayr_offensive" title="Al-Qusayr offensive">Al-Qusayr offensive</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_al-Qusayr_(2013)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of al-Qusayr (2013)">Battle of al-Qusayr</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bayda_and_Baniyas_massacres" title="Bayda and Baniyas massacres">Bayda and Baniyas massacres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_Hama_offensive" title="2013 Hama offensive">Hama offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hatla_massacre" title="Hatla massacre">Hatla massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khan_al-Assal_chemical_attack" title="Khan al-Assal chemical attack">Khan al-Assal chemical attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khan_al-Assal_massacre" title="Khan al-Assal massacre">Khan al-Assal massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adra_massacre" title="Adra massacre">Adra massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ras_al-Ayn_(2012%E2%80%9313)" title="Battle of Ras al-Ayn (2012–13)">Battle of Ras al-Ayn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tell_Abyad_(2013)" title="Battle of Tell Abyad (2013)">Battle of Tell Abyad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rif_Dimashq_offensive_(September%E2%80%93November_2013)" title="Rif Dimashq offensive (September–November 2013)">Rif Dimashq offensive (Sep–Nov)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleppo_offensive_(October%E2%80%93December_2013)" title="Aleppo offensive (October–December 2013)">Aleppo offensive (Oct–Dec)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_al-Yaarubiyah" title="Battle of al-Yaarubiyah">Battle of al-Yaarubiyah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tell_Hamis_and_Tell_Brak_(December_2013%E2%80%93January_2014)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Tell Hamis and Tell Brak (December 2013–January 2014)">Battle of Tell Hamis and Tell Brak (Dec–Jan)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.25em;font-weight:normal; vertical-align:top;">2014 <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(January%E2%80%93July_2014)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (January–July 2014)">Jan–Jul</a> <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(August%E2%80%93December_2014)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (August–December 2014)">Aug–Dec</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inter-rebel_conflict_during_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Inter-rebel conflict during the Syrian civil war">First Inter-rebel conflict</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Markada" title="Battle of Markada">Battle of Markada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deir_ez-Zor_offensive_(April%E2%80%93July_2014)" title="Deir ez-Zor offensive (April–July 2014)">Deir ez-Zor offensive</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Morek" title="Battle of Morek">Battle of Morek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daraa_offensive_(February%E2%80%93May_2014)" title="Daraa offensive (February–May 2014)">Daraa offensive (Feb–May)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maan_massacre" title="Maan massacre">Maan massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Otaiba_ambush" title="Al-Otaiba ambush">Al-Otaiba ambush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Idlib_offensive" title="2014 Idlib offensive">Idlib offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hosn" title="Battle of Hosn">Battle of Hosn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Latakia_offensive" title="2014 Latakia offensive">Latakia Offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Al-Malihah" title="Battle of Al-Malihah">Battle of Al-Malihah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Kafr_Zita_chemical_attack" title="2014 Kafr Zita chemical attack">Kafr Zita chemical attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Wadi_Deif_(2014)" title="Siege of Wadi Deif (2014)">Second siege of Wadi Deif</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qalamoun_offensive_(2014)" title="Qalamoun offensive (2014)">Qalamoun offensive (Jun–Aug)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Arsal_(2014)" title="Battle of Arsal (2014)">Battle of Arsal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Shaer_gas_field_(July_2014)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of the Shaer gas field (July 2014)">First Battle of the Shaer gas field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Eastern_Syria_offensive" title="2014 Eastern Syria offensive">Eastern Syria offensive</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tabqa_Airbase" title="Battle of Tabqa Airbase">Battle of Tabqa Airbase</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Aleppo_offensive_(February%E2%80%93July_2014)" title="Northern Aleppo offensive (February–July 2014)">Northern Aleppo offensive (Feb–Jul)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Hama_offensive" title="2014 Hama offensive">Hama Offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Quneitra_offensive" title="2014 Quneitra offensive">Quneitra offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rif_Dimashq_offensive_(August%E2%80%93November_2014)" title="Rif Dimashq offensive (August–November 2014)">Rif Dimashq offensive (Aug–Nov)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Koban%C3%AE" title="Siege of Kobanî">Siege of Kobanî</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homs_school_bombing" title="Homs school bombing">Homs school bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daraa_offensive_(October_2014)" title="Daraa offensive (October 2014)">Daraa offensive (Oct)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Al-Safira_offensive" title="2014 Al-Safira offensive">Al-Safira offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_raid_on_Idlib_city" title="2014 raid on Idlib city">Idlib Raid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Nusra_Front%E2%80%93SRF/Hazzm_Movement_conflict" title="Al-Nusra Front–SRF/Hazzm Movement conflict">Second Inter-Rebel Conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Shaer_gas_field_(October%E2%80%93November_2014)" title="Battle of the Shaer gas field (October–November 2014)">Second Battle of the Shaer gas field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Al-Shaykh_Maskin_(2014)" title="Battle of Al-Shaykh Maskin (2014)">Battle of Al-Shaykh Maskin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deir_ez-Zor_offensive_(December_2014)" title="Deir ez-Zor offensive (December 2014)">Deir ez-Zor offensive (Dec)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.25em;font-weight:normal; vertical-align:top;">2015 <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(January%E2%80%93July_2015)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (January–July 2015)">Jan–Jul</a> <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(August%E2%80%93December_2015)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (August–December 2015)">Aug–Dec</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2015_Syrian_Air_Force_An-26_crash" title="2015 Syrian Air Force An-26 crash">Air Force An-26 crash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daraa_offensive_(January_2015)" title="Daraa offensive (January 2015)">Daraa Offensive (Jan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Southern_Syria_offensive" title="2015 Southern Syria offensive">Southern Syria Offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_al-Hasakah_offensive" title="Eastern al-Hasakah offensive">Eastern al-Hasakah offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sarrin_(March%E2%80%93April_2015)" title="Battle of Sarrin (March–April 2015)">Battle of Sarrin (Mar–Apr)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sarrin_(June%E2%80%93July_2015)" title="Battle of Sarrin (June–July 2015)">Battle of Sarrin (Jun–Jul)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bosra_(2015)" title="Battle of Bosra (2015)">Battle of Bosra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Idlib_offensive" title="2015 Idlib offensive">Idlib Offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Idlib_(2015)" title="Battle of Idlib (2015)">Second Battle of Idlib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Nasib_Border_Crossing" title="Battle of Nasib Border Crossing">Battle of Nasib Border Crossing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Yarmouk_Camp_(2015)" title="Battle of Yarmouk Camp (2015)">Battle of Yarmouk Camp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_al-Hasakah_offensive" title="Western al-Hasakah offensive">Western al-Hasakah offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palmyra_offensive_(May_2015)" title="Palmyra offensive (May 2015)">Palmyra offensive (May)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Qamishli_bombings" title="2015 Qamishli bombings">Qamishli bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tell_Abyad_offensive" title="Tell Abyad offensive">Tell Abyad offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koban%C3%AE_massacre" title="Kobanî massacre">Kobanî massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quneitra_offensive_(June_2015)" title="Quneitra offensive (June 2015)">Quneitra offensive (Jun)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palmyra_offensive_(July%E2%80%93August_2015)" title="Palmyra offensive (July–August 2015)">Palmyra offensive (Jul–Aug)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rif_Dimashq_offensive_(September_2015)" title="Rif Dimashq offensive (September 2015)">Rif Dimashq offensive (Sep)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northwestern_Syria_offensive_(October%E2%80%93November_2015)" title="Northwestern Syria offensive (October–November 2015)">Northwestern Syria offensive (Oct–Nov)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleppo_offensive_(October%E2%80%93December_2015)" title="Aleppo offensive (October–December 2015)">Aleppo offensive (Oct–Dec)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_al-Hawl_offensive" title="2015 al-Hawl offensive">Al-Hawl offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homs_offensive_(November%E2%80%93December_2015)" title="Homs offensive (November–December 2015)">Homs offensive (Nov-Dec)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Aleppo_offensive_(2015%E2%80%932016)" title="East Aleppo offensive (2015–2016)">East Aleppo offensive (2015–2016)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015%E2%80%932016_Latakia_offensive" title="2015–2016 Latakia offensive">2015–2016 Latakia offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tishrin_Dam_offensive" title="Tishrin Dam offensive">Tishrin Dam offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Russian_Sukhoi_Su-24_shootdown" title="2015 Russian Sukhoi Su-24 shootdown">Russian Sukhoi Su-24 shootdown</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.25em;font-weight:normal; vertical-align:top;">2016 <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(January%E2%80%93April_2016)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (January–April 2016)">Jan–Apr</a> <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(May%E2%80%93August_2016)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (May–August 2016)">May–Aug</a> <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(September%E2%80%93December_2016)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (September–December 2016)">Sep–Dec</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Al-Shaykh_Maskin_(2015%E2%80%932016)" title="Battle of Al-Shaykh Maskin (2015–2016)">Second Battle of Al-Shaykh Maskin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deir_ez-Zor_offensive_(2016)" title="Deir ez-Zor offensive (2016)">Deir ez-Zor offensive (Jan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Sayyidah_Zaynab_attacks#January" title="2016 Sayyidah Zaynab attacks">January Sayyidah Zaynab bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Aleppo_offensive_(February_2016)" title="Northern Aleppo offensive (February 2016)">Northern Aleppo offensive (Feb)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ithriyah-Raqqa_offensive_(February%E2%80%93March_2016)" title="Ithriyah-Raqqa offensive (February–March 2016)">Ithriyah-Raqqa offensive (Feb–Mar)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Shaddadi_offensive_(2016)" title="Al-Shaddadi offensive (2016)">Al-Shaddadi offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_2016_Homs_bombings" title="February 2016 Homs bombings">February Homs bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Sayyidah_Zaynab_attacks#February" title="2016 Sayyidah Zaynab attacks">February Sayyidah Zaynab bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Khanasir_offensive" title="2016 Khanasir offensive">Khanasir offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tell_Abyad_(2016)" title="Battle of Tell Abyad (2016)">Battle of Tel Abyad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Maarrat_al-Numan_(2016)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Maarrat al-Numan (2016)">Battle of Maarrat al-Numan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Qamishli_(2016)" title="Battle of Qamishli (2016)">Battle of Qamishli (Apr)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Aleppo_offensive_(March%E2%80%93June_2016)" title="Northern Aleppo offensive (March–June 2016)">Northern Aleppo offensive (Mar–Jun)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palmyra_offensive_(March_2016)" title="Palmyra offensive (March 2016)">Palmyra offensive (Mar)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Ghouta_inter-rebel_conflict_(April%E2%80%93May_2016)" title="East Ghouta inter-rebel conflict (April–May 2016)">East Ghouta inter-rebel conflict (Apr–May)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rif_Dimashq_offensive_(April%E2%80%93May_2016)" title="Rif Dimashq offensive (April–May 2016)">Rif Dimashq offensive (Apr–May)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Raqqa_offensive" title="Northern Raqqa offensive">Northern Raqqa offensive (May)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_2016_Jableh_and_Tartous_bombings" class="mw-redirect" title="May 2016 Jableh and Tartous bombings">May Jableh & Tartous bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ithriyah-Raqqa_offensive_(June_2016)" title="Ithriyah-Raqqa offensive (June 2016)">Ithriyah-Raqqa offensive (Jun)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rif_Dimashq_offensive_(June%E2%80%93October_2016)" title="Rif Dimashq offensive (June–October 2016)">Rif Dimashq offensive (Jun–Oct)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manbij_offensive" title="Manbij offensive">Manbij offensive</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tokhar_massacre" class="mw-redirect" title="Tokhar massacre">Tokhar massacre</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Southern_Aleppo_campaign" title="2016 Southern Aleppo campaign">Southern Aleppo campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_al-Rai_(August_2016)" title="Battle of al-Rai (August 2016)">Battle of al-Rai (Aug)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Euphrates_Shield" title="Operation Euphrates Shield">Operation Euphrates Shield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Aleppo_summer_campaign" title="2016 Aleppo summer campaign">Aleppo summer campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_al-Bab_offensive_(September_2016)" title="Western al-Bab offensive (September 2016)">Western al-Bab offensive (Sep)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5_September_2016_Syria_bombings" title="5 September 2016 Syria bombings">5 September bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_2016_Deir_ez-Zor_air_raid" title="September 2016 Deir ez-Zor air raid">September Deir ez-Zor air raid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_2016_Urum_al-Kubra_aid_convoy_attack" title="September 2016 Urum al-Kubra aid convoy attack">September Urum al-Kubra aid convoy attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleppo_offensive_(September%E2%80%93October_2016)" title="Aleppo offensive (September–October 2016)">Aleppo offensive (Sep–Oct)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Dabiq_offensive" title="2016 Dabiq offensive">Dabiq offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_al-Bab_offensive_(October%E2%80%93November_2016)" title="Western al-Bab offensive (October–November 2016)">Western al-Bab offensive (Oct–Nov)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khan_al-Shih_offensive_(October%E2%80%93November_2016)" title="Khan al-Shih offensive (October–November 2016)">Khan al-Shih offensive (Oct–Nov)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raqqa_campaign_(2016%E2%80%932017)" title="Raqqa campaign (2016–2017)">Raqqa campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_al-Bab" title="Battle of al-Bab">Battle of al-Bab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleppo_offensive_(November%E2%80%93December_2016)" title="Aleppo offensive (November–December 2016)">Aleppo offensive (Nov-Dec)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palmyra_offensive_(December_2016)" title="Palmyra offensive (December 2016)">Palmyra offensive (Dec)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.25em;font-weight:normal; vertical-align:top;">2017 <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(January%E2%80%93April_2017)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (January–April 2017)">Jan–Apr</a> <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(May%E2%80%93August_2017)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (May–August 2017)">May–Aug</a> <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(September%E2%80%93December_2017)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (September–December 2017)">Sep–Dec</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wadi_Barada_offensive_(2016%E2%80%932017)" title="Wadi Barada offensive (2016–2017)">Wadi Barada offensive (2016–2017)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_2017_Azaz_bombing" title="January 2017 Azaz bombing">January Azaz bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Desert_campaign_(December_2016%E2%80%93April_2017)" title="Syrian Desert campaign (December 2016–April 2017)">Desert campaign (Dec 16–Apr 17)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idlib_Governorate_clashes_(January%E2%80%93March_2017)" title="Idlib Governorate clashes (January–March 2017)">Idlib clashes (Jan–Mar)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deir_ez-Zor_offensive_(January%E2%80%93February_2017)" title="Deir ez-Zor offensive (January–February 2017)">Deir ez-Zor offensive (Jan–Feb)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daraa_offensive_(February%E2%80%93June_2017)" title="Daraa offensive (February–June 2017)">Daraa offensive (Feb–Jun)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southwestern_Daraa_offensive_(February_2017)" title="Southwestern Daraa offensive (February 2017)">Southwestern Daraa offensive (Feb)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qaboun_offensive_(2017)" title="Qaboun offensive (2017)">Qaboun offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palmyra_offensive_(2017)" title="Palmyra offensive (2017)">Palmyra offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Aleppo_offensive_(2017)" title="East Aleppo offensive (2017)">East Aleppo offensive (Jan–Apr)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_2017_Damascus_bombings" title="March 2017 Damascus bombings">March Damascus bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_al-Jinah_airstrike" title="2017 al-Jinah airstrike">Al-Jinah airstrike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hama_offensive_(March%E2%80%93April_2017)" title="Hama offensive (March–April 2017)">Hama offensive (Mar–Apr)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tabqa" title="Battle of Tabqa">Battle of Tabqa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khan_Shaykhun_chemical_attack" title="Khan Shaykhun chemical attack">Khan Shaykhun chemical attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Shayrat_missile_strike" title="2017 Shayrat missile strike">Shayrat missile strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Aleppo_suicide_car_bombing" title="2017 Aleppo suicide car bombing">Aleppo bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_2017_Turkish_airstrikes_in_Syria_and_Iraq" title="April 2017 Turkish airstrikes in Syria and Iraq">April Turkish airstrikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Ghouta_inter-rebel_conflict_(April%E2%80%93May_2017)" title="East Ghouta inter-rebel conflict (April–May 2017)">East Ghouta inter-rebel conflict (Apr–May)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Desert_campaign_(May%E2%80%93July_2017)" title="Syrian Desert campaign (May–July 2017)">Desert campaign (May–Jul)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maskanah_Plains_offensive" title="Maskanah Plains offensive">Maskanah Plains offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Hama_offensive_(2017)" title="East Hama offensive (2017)">East Hama offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Raqqa_(2017)" title="Battle of Raqqa (2017)">Battle of Raqqa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daraa_offensive_(June_2017)" title="Daraa offensive (June 2017)">Daraa offensive (Jun)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Southern_Raqqa_offensive" title="2017 Southern Raqqa offensive">Southern Raqqa offensive (Jun)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Jobar_offensive" title="2017 Jobar offensive">Jobar offensive (Jun–Aug)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quneitra_offensive_(June_2017)" title="Quneitra offensive (June 2017)">Quneitra offensive (Jun)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idlib_Governorate_clashes_(July_2017)" title="Idlib Governorate clashes (July 2017)">Idlib clashes (Jul)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Syria_campaign" title="Central Syria campaign">Central campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qalamoun_offensive_(2017)" title="Qalamoun offensive (2017)">Qalamoun (Jul–Aug)</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Deir ez-Zor offensive (Sep 17–Mar 18)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hama_offensive_(September_2017)" title="Hama offensive (September 2017)">Hama offensive (Sep)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northwestern_Syria_campaign_(October_2017%E2%80%93February_2018)" title="Northwestern Syria campaign (October 2017–February 2018)">Northwestern campaign (Oct 17–Feb 18)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_military_operation_in_Idlib_Governorate" title="Turkish military operation in Idlib Governorate">Turkish military operation in Idlib Governorate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Harasta_(2017%E2%80%932018)" title="Battle of Harasta (2017–2018)">Battle of Harasta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Syria_campaign_(September%E2%80%93December_2017)" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Syria campaign (September–December 2017)">Eastern campaign (Sep–Dec)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2017_Euphrates_Crossing_offensive" class="mw-redirect" title="2017 Euphrates Crossing offensive">Euphrates Crossing offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Mayadin_offensive" title="2017 Mayadin offensive">Mayadin offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deir_ez-Zor_offensive_(September%E2%80%93November_2017)" title="Deir ez-Zor offensive (September–November 2017)">Battle of Deir ez-Zor (Sep–Nov)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Abu_Kamal_offensive" title="2017 Abu Kamal offensive">Abu Kamal offensive</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beit_Jinn_offensive" title="Beit Jinn offensive">Beit Jinn offensive</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.25em;font-weight:normal; vertical-align:top;">2018 <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(January%E2%80%93April_2018)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (January–April 2018)">Jan–Apr</a> <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(May%E2%80%93August_2018)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (May–August 2018)">May–Aug</a> <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(September%E2%80%93December_2018)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (September–December 2018)">Sep–Dec</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Olive_Branch" title="Operation Olive Branch">Operation Olive Branch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Khasham" title="Battle of Khasham">Battle of Khasham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rif_Dimashq_offensive_(February%E2%80%93April_2018)" title="Rif Dimashq offensive (February–April 2018)">Rif Dimashq offensive (Feb–Apr)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Damascus_offensive_(January%E2%80%93February_2018)" title="Southern Damascus offensive (January–February 2018)">Southern Damascus offensive (Jan–Feb)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Liberation_Front%E2%80%93Tahrir_al-Sham_conflict" title="Syrian Liberation Front–Tahrir al-Sham conflict">Syrian Liberation Front–Tahrir al-Sham conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Damascus_offensive_(March_2018)" title="Southern Damascus offensive (March 2018)">Southern Damascus offensive (Mar)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douma_chemical_attack" title="Douma chemical attack">Douma chemical attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_2018_missile_strikes_against_Syria" title="April 2018 missile strikes against Syria">Missile strikes (Apr)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Homs_offensive_(April%E2%80%93May_2018)" title="Northern Homs offensive (April–May 2018)">Northern Homs offensive (Apr–May)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Qalamoun_offensive_(April_2018)" title="Eastern Qalamoun offensive (April 2018)">Eastern Qalamoun offensive (Apr)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Damascus_offensive_(April%E2%80%93May_2018)" title="Southern Damascus offensive (April–May 2018)">Southern Damascus offensive (Apr–May)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deir_ez-Zor_Governorate_clashes" title="Deir ez-Zor Governorate clashes">Deir ez-Zor clashes (Apr)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deir_ez-Zor_offensive_(2018)" title="Deir ez-Zor offensive (2018)">Deir ez-Zor offensive (May–Jun)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/As-Suwayda_offensive_(June_2018)" title="As-Suwayda offensive (June 2018)">As-Suwayda offensive (Jun)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Southern_Syria_offensive" title="2018 Southern Syria offensive">Southern offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_As-Suwayda_attacks" title="2018 As-Suwayda attacks">As-Suwayda attacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/As-Suwayda_offensive_(August%E2%80%93November_2018)" title="As-Suwayda offensive (August–November 2018)">As-Suwayda (Aug-Nov)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qamishli_clashes_(2018)" title="Qamishli clashes (2018)">Qamishli clashes (Sep)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syria_missile_strikes_(September_2018)" title="Syria missile strikes (September 2018)">Missile strikes (Sep)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Syrian-Turkish_border_clashes" class="mw-redirect" title="2018 Syrian-Turkish border clashes">Northern border clashes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.25em;font-weight:normal; vertical-align:top;">2019 <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(January%E2%80%93April_2019)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (January–April 2019)">Jan–Apr</a> <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(May%E2%80%93August_2019)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (May–August 2019)">May–Aug</a> <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(September%E2%80%93December_2019)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (September–December 2019)">Sep–Dec</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Front_for_Liberation%E2%80%93Tahrir_al-Sham_conflict" title="National Front for Liberation–Tahrir al-Sham conflict">Idlib inter-rebel conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Manbij_bombing" title="2019 Manbij bombing">Manbij bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Baghuz_Fawqani" title="Battle of Baghuz Fawqani">Battle of Baghuz Fawqani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISIL_insurgency_in_Deir_ez-Zor_(2019)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISIL insurgency in Deir ez-Zor (2019)">ISIL insurgency in Deir-ez-Zor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%AArik_prison_escape_attempt" title="Dêrik prison escape attempt">Dêrik prison escape attempt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Tell_Rifaat_clashes" title="2019 Tell Rifaat clashes">Tell Rifaat clashes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northwestern_Syria_offensive_(April%E2%80%93August_2019)" title="Northwestern Syria offensive (April–August 2019)">Northwestern offensive (Apr–Aug)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_2019_Syria_bombings" title="June 2019 Syria bombings">June bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hass_refugee_camp_bombing" title="Hass refugee camp bombing">Hass refugee camp bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syria_missile_strikes_(August_2019)" title="Syria missile strikes (August 2019)">Missile strikes (Aug)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Turkish_offensive_into_north-eastern_Syria" title="2019 Turkish offensive into north-eastern Syria">Turkish offensive into northeast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Abu_Bakr_al-Baghdadi" title="Death of Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi">Barisha raid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_2019_Syria_bombings" title="November 2019 Syria bombings">November bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_2019_Israeli_missile_strikes_in_Syria" title="November 2019 Israeli missile strikes in Syria">Israeli missile strikes (Nov)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qah_missile_strike" title="Qah missile strike">Qah missile strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northwestern_Syria_offensive_(December_2019%E2%80%93March_2020)" title="Northwestern Syria offensive (December 2019–March 2020)">Northwestern offensive (Dec 19–Mar 20)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_2019_United_States_airstrikes_in_Iraq_and_Syria" title="December 2019 United States airstrikes in Iraq and Syria">US airstrikes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.25em;font-weight:normal; vertical-align:top;">2020 <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(2020%E2%80%93present)" class="mw-redirect" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (2020–present)">Jan–Dec</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Syria" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Syria">COVID-19 pandemic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Afrin_bombing" title="2020 Afrin bombing">Afrin bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idlib_Governorate_clashes_(June_2020)" title="Idlib Governorate clashes (June 2020)">Idlib Governorate clashes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Kafr_Takharim_airstrike" title="2020 Kafr Takharim airstrike">Kafr-Takharim airstrike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020%E2%80%932021_Ayn_Issa_clashes" title="2020–2021 Ayn Issa clashes">Ayn Issa clashes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Deir_ez-Zor_ambush" class="mw-redirect" title="2020 Deir ez-Zor ambush">Deir ez-Zor ambush</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.25em;font-weight:normal; vertical-align:top;">2021 <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(2021)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (2021)">Jan–Dec</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Qamishli_and_Al-Hasakah" title="Siege of Qamishli and Al-Hasakah">Siege of Qamishli and Al-Hasakah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syria_missile_strikes_(January_2021)" title="Syria missile strikes (January 2021)">Missile strikes (Jan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_2021_United_States_airstrike_in_Syria" title="February 2021 United States airstrike in Syria">US airstrike (Feb)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Qamishli_(2021)" title="Battle of Qamishli (2021)">Battle of Qamishli (Apr)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_2021_United_States_airstrike_in_Syria" title="June 2021 United States airstrike in Syria">US airstrike (Jun)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Daraa_clashes" class="mw-redirect" title="2021 Daraa clashes">Daraa clashes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tahrir_al-Sham%E2%80%93Junud_al-Sham_conflict" title="Tahrir al-Sham–Junud al-Sham conflict">Tahrir al-Sham–Junud al-Sham conflict</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.25em;font-weight:normal; vertical-align:top;">2022 <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(2022)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (2022)">Jan–Dec</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_al-Hasakah_(2022)" title="Battle of al-Hasakah (2022)">Battle of al-Hasakah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Ahrar_al-Sham%E2%80%93Levant_Front_clashes" title="2022 Ahrar al-Sham–Levant Front clashes">Ahrar al-Sham–Levant Front clashes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Jabal_al-Bishr%C4%AB_clashes" title="2022 Jabal al-Bishrī clashes">Jabal al-Bishrī clashes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Jarqli_airstrikes" title="2022 Jarqli airstrikes">Jarqli airstrikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Aleppo_clashes_(October_2022)" title="Northern Aleppo clashes (October 2022)">Northern Aleppo clashes (Oct)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Claw-Sword" title="Operation Claw-Sword">Operation Claw-Sword</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northwestern_Syria_clashes_(December_2022%E2%80%93present)" title="Northwestern Syria clashes (December 2022–present)">Northwest clashes (Dec)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.25em;font-weight:normal; vertical-align:top;">2023 <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(2023)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (2023)">Jan-Dec</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2023_Al-Sukhnah_attack" title="2023 Al-Sukhnah attack">Al-Sukhnah attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Damascus_airstrike" title="2023 Damascus airstrike">Damascus airstrike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Hama_attack" class="mw-redirect" title="2023 Hama attack">Hama attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Northern_Syria_clashes" class="mw-redirect" title="2023 Northern Syria clashes">Northern border clashes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.25em;font-weight:normal; vertical-align:top;;vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/Spillover_of_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Spillover of the Syrian civil war">Spillover</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:2em;background:transparent; text-align:right; padding:0; vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Israeli%E2%80%93Syrian_ceasefire_line_incidents_during_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Israeli–Syrian ceasefire line incidents during the Syrian civil war">Israel and Golan Heights</a>:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/March_2017_Israel%E2%80%93Syria_incident" title="March 2017 Israel–Syria incident">March 2017 incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_2018_Israel%E2%80%93Syria_incident" title="February 2018 Israel–Syria incident">February 2018 incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_House_of_Cards" title="Operation House of Cards">May 2018 Israel–Iran incidents</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:2em;background:transparent; text-align:right; padding:0; vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_War_in_Iraq_(2014)" title="Timeline of the War in Iraq (2014)">Iraq</a>:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akashat_ambush" title="Akashat ambush">Akashat ambush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_al-Shabah" title="Operation al-Shabah">Operation al-Shabah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_War_in_Iraq_(2014)#April" title="Timeline of the War in Iraq (2014)">April 2014 Iraqi border airstrike</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:2em;background:transparent; text-align:right; padding:0; vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Jordanian%E2%80%93Syrian_border_incidents_during_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Jordanian–Syrian border incidents during the Syrian civil war">Jordanian border incidents</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jordanian%E2%80%93Syrian_border_incidents_during_the_Syrian_civil_war#2014" title="Jordanian–Syrian border incidents during the Syrian civil war">April 2014 Jordanian border airstrike</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:2em;background:transparent; text-align:right; padding:0; vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Syrian_civil_war_spillover_in_Lebanon" title="Syrian civil war spillover in Lebanon">Lebanon</a>:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lebanon%E2%80%93Syria_border_clashes" title="Lebanon–Syria border clashes">Lebanese border clashes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_Sidon_clash" title="2013 Sidon clash">Battle of Sidon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_embassy_bombing_in_Beirut" class="mw-redirect" title="Iranian embassy bombing in Beirut">Iranian embassy bombing in Beirut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Lebanon_clashes_(2014)" title="North Lebanon clashes (2014)">North Lebanon clashes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qalamoun_offensive_(2017)" title="Qalamoun offensive (2017)">Qalamoun (Jul–Aug 2017)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:2em;background:transparent; text-align:right; padding:0; vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Syrian%E2%80%93Turkish_border_clashes_during_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Syrian–Turkish border clashes during the Syrian civil war">Turkey</a>:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/December_2011_Syrian%E2%80%93Turkish_border_clash" title="December 2011 Syrian–Turkish border clash">December 2011 Turkish border clash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Turkish_F-4_Phantom_shootdown" title="2012 Turkish F-4 Phantom shootdown">2012 Turkish F-4 Phantom shootdown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Syrian%E2%80%93Turkish_border_clashes" class="mw-redirect" title="2012 Syrian–Turkish border clashes">2012 Turkish border clashes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_Reyhanl%C4%B1_car_bombings" title="2013 Reyhanlı car bombings">2013 Reyhanlı car bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_2014_Turkish_attack_in_Syria" title="January 2014 Turkish attack in Syria">January 2014 Turkish attack in Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Andrei_Karlov" title="Assassination of Andrei Karlov">Assassination of Andrei Karlov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Russian_Air_Force_Al-Bab_incident" title="2017 Russian Air Force Al-Bab incident">Russian Air Force Al-Bab incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Balyun_airstrikes" title="2020 Balyun airstrikes">2020 Balyun airstrikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Spring_Shield" title="Operation Spring Shield">Operation Spring Shield</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:2em;background:transparent; text-align:right; padding:0; vertical-align:top;">Elsewhere:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2017_Deir_ez-Zor_missile_strike" class="mw-redirect" title="2017 Deir ez-Zor missile strike">Deir ez-Zor missile strike</a> (Iran)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;"><div id="Belligerents" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Belligerents</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.25em">Syria</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Syria" title="Politics of Syria">Politics of Syria</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Socialist_Ba%27ath_Party_%E2%80%93_Syria_Region" title="Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Syria Region">Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Syria Region</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Social_Nationalist_Party" title="Syrian Social Nationalist Party">Syrian Social Nationalist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Socialist_Movement" title="Arab Socialist Movement">Arab Socialist Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Communist_Party_(Bakdash)" title="Syrian Communist Party (Bakdash)">Syrian Communist Party</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em;font-weight:normal;">Military and militias</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Armed_Forces" title="Syrian Armed Forces">Syrian Armed Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Resistance" title="Syrian Resistance">Syrian Resistance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Front_for_the_Liberation_of_Palestine_%E2%80%93_General_Command" title="Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine – General Command">PFLP-GC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liwa_al-Quds" title="Liwa al-Quds">al-Quds Brigade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestine_Liberation_Army" title="Palestine Liberation Army">Palestine Liberation Army</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Foreign_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Foreign involvement in the Syrian civil war">Foreign support</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hezbollah_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Hezbollah involvement in the Syrian civil war">Hezbollah involvement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_intervention_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Iranian intervention in the Syrian civil war">Iranian involvement</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liwa_Fatemiyoun" title="Liwa Fatemiyoun">Liwa Fatemiyoun</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Russian involvement in the Syrian civil war">Russian involvement</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russian%E2%80%93Syrian_hospital_bombing_campaign" title="Russian–Syrian hospital bombing campaign">medical facility targeting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_intervention_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Russian intervention in the Syrian civil war">military intervention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wagner_Group" title="Wagner Group">Wagner Group</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia%E2%80%93Syria%E2%80%93Iran%E2%80%93Iraq_coalition" title="Russia–Syria–Iran–Iraq coalition">Russia–Syria–Iran–Iraq coalition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Mobilization_Forces" title="Popular Mobilization Forces">Popular Mobilization Forces</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.25em"><a href="/wiki/Syrian_opposition" title="Syrian opposition">Opposition</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Interim_Government" title="Syrian Interim Government">Interim government</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Coalition_of_Syrian_Revolutionary_and_Opposition_Forces" title="National Coalition of Syrian Revolutionary and Opposition Forces">National Coalition</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Local_Coordination_Committees_of_Syria" title="Local Coordination Committees of Syria">Local Coordination Committees</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_National_Council" title="Syrian National Council">Syrian National Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Council_of_the_Syrian_Revolution" title="Supreme Council of the Syrian Revolution">Supreme Council of the Syrian Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Coordination_Committee_for_Democratic_Change" title="National Coordination Committee for Democratic Change">National Coordination Committee for Democratic Change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Revolution_General_Commission" title="Syrian Revolution General Commission">Syrian Revolution General Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Support_Group" title="Syrian Support Group">Syrian Support Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adopt_a_Revolution" title="Adopt a Revolution">Adopt a Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_National_Council#Syrian_Patriotic_Group" title="Syrian National Council">Syrian Patriotic Group</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em;font-weight:normal;">Opposition militias</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_National_Army" title="Syrian National Army">Syrian National Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Syrian_Army" title="Free Syrian Army">Free Syrian Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Front_for_Liberation" title="National Front for Liberation">National Front for Liberation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaysh_al-Izza" title="Jaysh al-Izza">Army of Glory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Authenticity_and_Development_Front" title="Authenticity and Development Front">Authenticity and Development Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Army_of_Free_Tribes" title="Army of Free Tribes">Army of Free Tribes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_Commando_Army" title="Revolutionary Commando Army">Revolutionary Commando Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muslim_Brotherhood_in_Syria" title="Muslim Brotherhood in Syria">Muslim Brotherhood in Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grey_Wolves_(organization)" title="Grey Wolves (organization)">Grey Wolves</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Foreign_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Foreign involvement in the Syrian civil war">Foreign support</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/US_intervention_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="US intervention in the Syrian civil war">US intervention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordanian_intervention_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Jordanian intervention in the Syrian civil war">Jordanian intervention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qatari_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Qatari involvement in the Syrian civil war">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saudi_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Saudi involvement in the Syrian civil war">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Turkish involvement in the Syrian civil war">Turkey</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.25em"><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_Administration_of_North_and_East_Syria" title="Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria">Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Movement_for_a_Democratic_Society" title="Movement for a Democratic Society">DFNS Government</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Union_Party_(Syria)" title="Democratic Union Party (Syria)">Democratic Union Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdish_National_Council" title="Kurdish National Council">Kurdish National Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Rojava" title="List of political parties in Rojava">Smaller political parties</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Democratic_Forces" title="Syrian Democratic Forces">SDF militias</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Defense_Units" title="People's Defense Units">People's Protection Units</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_Protection_Units" title="Women's Protection Units">Women's Protection Units</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Terror_Units" title="Anti-Terror Units">Anti-Terror Units</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Sanadid_Forces" title="Al-Sanadid Forces">Al-Sanadid Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Army_of_Revolutionaries" title="Army of Revolutionaries">Army of Revolutionaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Democratic_Forces_military_councils" title="Syrian Democratic Forces military councils">SDF military councils</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syriac_Military_Council" title="Syriac Military Council">Syriac Military Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liwa_Thuwar_al-Raqqa" title="Liwa Thuwar al-Raqqa">Liwa Thuwar al-Raqqa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Democratic_Brigade" title="Northern Democratic Brigade">Northern Democratic Brigade</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em;font-weight:normal;">Support</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Patriotic_Union_of_Kurdistan" title="Patriotic Union of Kurdistan">Patriotic Union of Kurdistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdistan_Workers%27_Party" title="Kurdistan Workers' Party">Kurdistan Workers' Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Freedom_Battalion" title="International Freedom Battalion">International Freedom Battalion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinjar_Resistance_Units" title="Sinjar Resistance Units">Sinjar Resistance Units</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%8Az%C3%AEdxan_Women%27s_Units" title="Êzîdxan Women's Units">Êzîdxan Women's Units</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.25em"><a href="/wiki/Islamism" title="Islamism">Islamists</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Islamic_State" title="Islamic State">Islamic State</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Military_of_the_Islamic_State" title="Military of the Islamic State">Military activity of ISIL</a> (<a href="/wiki/Al-Barakah_(Islamic_State_administrative_district)" title="Al-Barakah (Islamic State administrative district)">Al-Barakah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dokumac%C4%B1lar" title="Dokumacılar">Dokumacılar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khalid_ibn_al-Walid_Army" title="Khalid ibn al-Walid Army">Khalid ibn al-Walid Army</a> (<a href="/wiki/Yarmouk_Martyrs_Brigade" title="Yarmouk Martyrs Brigade">Yarmouk Martyrs Brigade</a>, <a href="/wiki/Islamic_Muthanna_Movement" title="Islamic Muthanna Movement">Islamic Muthanna Movement</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jaysh_al-Jihad" title="Jaysh al-Jihad">Jaysh al-Jihad</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jund_al-Aqsa" title="Jund al-Aqsa">Liwa al-Aqsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Group_of_the_One_and_Only" title="Group of the One and Only">Group of the One and Only</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liwa_Dawud" title="Liwa Dawud">Liwa Dawud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liwa_Aqab_al-Islami" title="Liwa Aqab al-Islami">Liwa Aqab al-Islami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katibah_Nusantara" title="Katibah Nusantara">Katibah Nusantara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katiba_al-Bittar_al-Libi" title="Katiba al-Bittar al-Libi">Katiba al-Bittar al-Libi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Khansaa_Brigade" title="Al-Khansaa Brigade">Al-Khansaa Brigade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Group_of_the_One_and_Only" title="Group of the One and Only">Group of the One and Only</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Al-Qaeda" title="Al-Qaeda">al-Qaeda</a> and allies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Nusra_Front" title="Al-Nusra Front">Al-Nusra Front</a> (<a href="/wiki/Jabhat_Fatah_al-Sham" class="mw-redirect" title="Jabhat Fatah al-Sham">Jabhat Fatah al-Sham</a> (<a href="/wiki/Khorasan_group" title="Khorasan group">Khorasan group</a>, <a href="/wiki/Suqour_al-Ezz" title="Suqour al-Ezz">Suqour al-Ezz</a>) <a href="/wiki/Jaysh_Muhammad_in_Bilad_al-Sham" title="Jaysh Muhammad in Bilad al-Sham">Jaysh Muhammad in Bilad al-Sham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tahrir_al-Sham" title="Tahrir al-Sham">Tahrir al-Sham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkistan_Islamic_Party_in_Syria" title="Turkistan Islamic Party in Syria">Turkistan Islamic Party in Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caucasus_Emirate" title="Caucasus Emirate">Caucasus Emirate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ajnad_al-Kavkaz" title="Ajnad al-Kavkaz">Ajnad al-Kavkaz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Junud_al-Makhdi" title="Junud al-Makhdi">Junud al-Makhdi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rouse_the_Believers_Operations_Room" title="Rouse the Believers Operations Room">Rouse the Believers Operations Room</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ansar_al-Tawhid_(Syria)" title="Ansar al-Tawhid (Syria)">Ansar al-Tawhid</a> (<a href="/wiki/Firqat_al-Ghuraba" title="Firqat al-Ghuraba">Firqat al-Ghuraba</a>), <a href="/wiki/Hurras_al-Din" title="Hurras al-Din">Hurras al-Din</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ansar_al-Din_Front" title="Ansar al-Din Front">Ansar al-Din Front</a> (<a href="/wiki/Harakat_Sham_al-Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Harakat Sham al-Islam">Harakat Sham al-Islam</a>), <a href="/wiki/Ansar_al-Islam_in_Kurdistan" title="Ansar al-Islam in Kurdistan">Ansar al-Islam in Kurdistan</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaish_al-Haramoun" title="Jaish al-Haramoun">Jaish al-Haramoun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaysh_al-Sunna" title="Jaysh al-Sunna">Jaysh al-Sunna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liwa_al-Muhajireen_wal-Ansar" title="Liwa al-Muhajireen wal-Ansar">Liwa al-Muhajireen wal-Ansar</a> (<a href="/wiki/Green_Battalion" title="Green Battalion">Green Battalion</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mujahideen_Shura_Council_(Syria)" title="Mujahideen Shura Council (Syria)">Mujahideen Shura Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malhama_Tactical" title="Malhama Tactical">Malhama Tactical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katibat_al-Tawhid_wal-Jihad" title="Katibat al-Tawhid wal-Jihad">Katibat al-Tawhid wal-Jihad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jama%27at_Ansar_al-Furqan_in_Bilad_al_Sham" title="Jama'at Ansar al-Furqan in Bilad al Sham">Jama'at Ansar al-Furqan in Bilad al Sham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghuraba_al-Sham" title="Ghuraba al-Sham">Ghuraba al-Sham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taliban" title="Taliban">Taliban</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pakistani_Taliban" title="Pakistani Taliban">Pakistani Taliban</a>, <a href="/wiki/Imam_Bukhari_Jamaat" title="Imam Bukhari Jamaat">Imam Bukhari Jamaat</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fatah_al-Islam" title="Fatah al-Islam">Fatah al-Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhajirin_wa-Ansar_Alliance" title="Muhajirin wa-Ansar Alliance">Muhajirin wa-Ansar Alliance</a> (<a href="/wiki/Liwaa_al-Umma" title="Liwaa al-Umma">Liwaa al-Umma</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;"><div id="People" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">People</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ammar_Abdulhamid" title="Ammar Abdulhamid">Ammar Abdulhamid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_al-Abdallah" title="Ali al-Abdallah">Ali al-Abdallah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adnan_al-Aroor" title="Adnan al-Aroor">Adnan al-Aroor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Assad_family" title="Al-Assad family">al-Assad family</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bashar_al-Assad" title="Bashar al-Assad">Bashar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maher_al-Assad" title="Maher al-Assad">Maher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rifaat_al-Assad" title="Rifaat al-Assad">Rifaat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rami_Makhlouf" title="Rami Makhlouf">Rami Makhlouf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hafez_Makhlouf" title="Hafez Makhlouf">Hafez Makhlouf</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riad_al-Asaad" title="Riad al-Asaad">Riad al-Asaad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anwar_al-Bunni" title="Anwar al-Bunni">Anwar al-Bunni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fahd_Jassem_al-Freij" title="Fahd Jassem al-Freij">Fahd Jassem al-Freij</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suheil_al-Hassan" class="mw-redirect" title="Suheil al-Hassan">Suheil al-Hassan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haitham_al-Maleh" title="Haitham al-Maleh">Haitham al-Maleh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moaz_al-Khatib" title="Moaz al-Khatib">Moaz al-Khatib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamal_al-Labwani" title="Kamal al-Labwani">Kamal al-Labwani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Hamza_Ali_Al-Khateeb" title="Death of Hamza Ali Al-Khateeb">Hamza al-Khateeb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tal_al-Mallohi" title="Tal al-Mallohi">Tal al-Mallohi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fida_al-Sayed" title="Fida al-Sayed">Fida al-Sayed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riad_al-Turk" title="Riad al-Turk">Riad al-Turk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khaled_Khoja" title="Khaled Khoja">Khaled Khoja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ammar_al-Qurabi" title="Ammar al-Qurabi">Ammar al-Qurabi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suheir_Atassi" title="Suheir Atassi">Suheir Atassi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Sadreddine_Al-Bayanouni" title="Ali Sadreddine Al-Bayanouni">Ali Sadreddine Al-Bayanouni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aref_Dalila" title="Aref Dalila">Aref Dalila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farid_Ghadry" title="Farid Ghadry">Farid Ghadry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burhan_Ghalioun" title="Burhan Ghalioun">Burhan Ghalioun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Razan_Ghazzawi" title="Razan Ghazzawi">Razan Ghazzawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghassan_Hitto" title="Ghassan Hitto">Ghassan Hitto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salim_Idris" title="Salim Idris">Salim Idris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Randa_Kassis" title="Randa Kassis">Randa Kassis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Halim_Khaddam" title="Abdul Halim Khaddam">Abdul Halim Khaddam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michel_Kilo" title="Michel Kilo">Michel Kilo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bassma_Kodmani" title="Bassma Kodmani">Bassma Kodmani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Habib_Mahmud" title="Ali Habib Mahmud">Ali Habib Mahmud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Mahmoud_Othman" title="Ali Mahmoud Othman">Ali Mahmoud Othman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibrahim_Qashoush" title="Ibrahim Qashoush">Ibrahim Qashoush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dawoud_Rajiha" title="Dawoud Rajiha">Dawoud Rajiha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yassin_al-Haj_Saleh" title="Yassin al-Haj Saleh">Yassin al-Haj Saleh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bouthaina_Shaaban" title="Bouthaina Shaaban">Bouthaina Shaaban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdulbaset_Sieda" title="Abdulbaset Sieda">Abdulbaset Sieda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riad_Seif" title="Riad Seif">Riad Seif</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fadwa_Souleimane" title="Fadwa Souleimane">Fadwa Souleimane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohamad_Anas_Haitham_Soueid" title="Mohamad Anas Haitham Soueid">Mohamad Anas Haitham Soueid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaser_Tabbara" title="Yaser Tabbara">Yaser Tabbara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Razan_Zaitouneh" title="Razan Zaitouneh">Razan Zaitouneh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rami_Jarrah" title="Rami Jarrah">Rami Jarrah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdurrahman_Mustafa" title="Abdurrahman Mustafa">Abdurrahman Mustafa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fadlallah_al-Haji" title="Fadlallah al-Haji">Fadlallah al-Haji</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;"><div id="Related" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Related</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Elections</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2011_Syrian_local_elections" title="2011 Syrian local elections">2011 local elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Syrian_parliamentary_election" title="2012 Syrian parliamentary election">2012 parliamentary election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Syrian_presidential_election" title="2014 Syrian presidential election">2014 presidential election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Rojava_local_elections" title="2015 Rojava local elections">2015 Northern local elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Syrian_parliamentary_election" title="2016 Syrian parliamentary election">2016 parliamentary election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Rojava_local_elections" title="2017 Rojava local elections">2017 Northern local elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Rojava_regional_elections" title="2017 Rojava regional elections">2017 Northern regional elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Syrian_local_elections" title="2018 Syrian local elections">2018 local elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Syrian_parliamentary_election" title="2020 Syrian parliamentary election">2020 parliamentary election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Syrian_presidential_election" title="2021 Syrian presidential election">2021 presidential election</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Issues</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Casualties_of_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Casualties of the Syrian civil war">Casualties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cities_and_towns_during_the_Syrian_civil_war" class="mw-redirect" title="Cities and towns during the Syrian civil war">Cities and towns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Use_of_chemical_weapons_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Use of chemical weapons in the Syrian civil war">Chemical weapons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_heritage_sites_damaged_during_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="List of heritage sites damaged during the Syrian civil war">Damaged heritage sites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Foreign involvement in the Syrian civil war">Foreign involvement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_violations_during_the_Syrian_civil_war" class="mw-redirect" title="Human rights violations during the Syrian civil war">Human rights violations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humanitarian_aid_during_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Humanitarian aid during the Syrian civil war">Humanitarian aid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_demonstrations_and_protests_relating_to_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="International demonstrations and protests relating to the Syrian civil war">International demonstrations and protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_reactions_to_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="International reactions to the Syrian civil war">International reactions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_massacres_during_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="List of massacres during the Syrian civil war">Massacres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Refugees_of_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Refugees of the Syrian civil war">Refugees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sectarianism_and_minorities_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Sectarianism and minorities in the Syrian civil war">Sectarianism and minorities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Status_of_the_Golan_Heights" class="mw-redirect" title="Status of the Golan Heights">Status of the Golan Heights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_civil_war_spillover_in_Lebanon" title="Syrian civil war spillover in Lebanon">Spillover in Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_government_reactions_to_the_Syrian_civil_war" class="mw-redirect" title="Syrian government reactions to the Syrian civil war">Syrian government reactions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Syrian_peace_process" title="Syrian peace process">Peace process</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arab_League_monitors_in_Syria" title="Arab League monitors in Syria">Arab League monitors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friends_of_Syria_Group" title="Friends of Syria Group">Friends of Syria Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kofi_Annan_Syrian_peace_plan" title="Kofi Annan Syrian peace plan">Kofi Annan peace plan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Supervision_Mission_in_Syria" title="United Nations Supervision Mission in Syria">UN supervision mission</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lakhdar_Brahimi_Syrian_peace_plan" title="Lakhdar Brahimi Syrian peace plan">Lakhdar Brahimi peace plan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S.%E2%80%93Russia_peace_proposals_on_Syria" title="U.S.–Russia peace proposals on Syria">U.S.–Russia peace proposals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/39th_G8_summit" title="39th G8 summit">39th G8 summit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_2118" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 2118">UN Security Council Resolution 2118</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geneva_II_Conference_on_Syria" title="Geneva II Conference on Syria">Geneva II conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Zabadani_cease-fire_agreement" title="2015 Zabadani cease-fire agreement">2015 Zabadani cease-fire agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vienna_peace_talks_for_Syria" title="Vienna peace talks for Syria">Vienna talks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geneva_peace_talks_on_Syria_(2016)" title="Geneva peace talks on Syria (2016)">2016 Geneva talks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idlib_demilitarization_(2018%E2%80%932019)" title="Idlib demilitarization (2018–2019)">Idlib demilitarization (2018–present)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Syria_Buffer_Zone" title="Northern Syria Buffer Zone">First Northern Syria Demilitarization Deal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Northern_Syria_Buffer_Zone" title="Second Northern Syria Buffer Zone">Second Northern Syria Demilitarization Deal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Constitutional_Committee" title="Syrian Constitutional Committee">Syrian Constitutional Committee</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">War crimes trials</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/V%C3%B6lkerstrafgesetzbuch#Syrian_civil_war" title="Völkerstrafgesetzbuch">Universal jurisdiction trials in Germany</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Exclusive_mandate" title="Exclusive mandate">Exclusive mandate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_Extraordinary_Session_of_the_Islamic_Summit_Conference" title="Fourth Extraordinary Session of the Islamic Summit Conference">Fourth Extraordinary Session of the Islamic Summit Conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_recognition_of_the_Syrian_National_Council" title="International recognition of the Syrian National Council">International recognition of the Syrian National Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syria_Files" title="Syria Files">Syria Files</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Syrian_detainee_report" title="2014 Syrian detainee report">Syrian detainee report</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_coverage_of_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Media coverage of the Syrian civil war">Syrian media coverage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_European_migrant_crisis" title="2015 European migrant crisis">2015 European migrant crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_civil_war_in_popular_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Syrian civil war in popular culture">Syrian civil war in popular culture</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Syrian_civil_war" title="Category:Syrian civil war">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Islamic_State" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Islamic_State" title="Template:Islamic State"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Islamic_State" title="Template talk:Islamic State"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Islamic_State" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Islamic State"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Islamic_State" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Islamic_State" title="Islamic State">Islamic State</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Names_of_the_Islamic_State" title="Names of the Islamic State">Names of the Islamic State</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Islamic_State_members" title="List of Islamic State members">Members</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_leaders_of_the_Islamic_State" title="List of leaders of the Islamic State">List of leaders</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Hafs_al-Hashimi_al-Qurashi" title="Abu Hafs al-Hashimi al-Qurashi">Abu Hafs al-Hashimi al-Qurashi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Hudhayfah_Al-Ansari" title="Abu Hudhayfah Al-Ansari">Abu Hudhayfah Al-Ansari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Qadir_Mumin" title="Abdul Qadir Mumin">Abdul Qadir Mumin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Fatima_al-Jaheishi" title="Abu Fatima al-Jaheishi">Abu Fatima al-Jaheishi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Yusaf" title="Abu Yusaf">Abu Yusaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_al-Baraa_el-Azdi" title="Abu al-Baraa el-Azdi">Abu al-Baraa el-Azdi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Habib_al-Libi" title="Abu Habib al-Libi">Abu Habib al-Libi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Jandal_al-Masri" title="Abu Jandal al-Masri">Abu Jandal al-Masri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zulfi_Hoxha" title="Zulfi Hoxha">Zulfi Hoxha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bajro_Ikanovi%C4%87" title="Bajro Ikanović">Bajro Ikanović</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faysal_Ahmad_Ali_al-Zahrani" title="Faysal Ahmad Ali al-Zahrani">Faysal Ahmad Ali al-Zahrani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fatiha_Mejjati" title="Fatiha Mejjati">Fatiha Mejjati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahlam_al-Nasr" title="Ahlam al-Nasr">Ahlam al-Nasr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Issam_Abuanza" title="Issam Abuanza">Issam Abuanza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musa_Baluku" title="Musa Baluku">Musa Baluku</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"> <a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action">†</a> Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Bakr_al-Baghdadi" title="Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi">Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Ibrahim_al-Hashimi_al-Qurashi" title="Abu Ibrahim al-Hashimi al-Qurashi">Abu Ibrahim al-Hashimi al-Qurashi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_al-Hasan_al-Hashimi_al-Qurashi" title="Abu al-Hasan al-Hashimi al-Qurashi">Abu al-Hasan al-Hashimi al-Qurashi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_al-Hussein_al-Husseini_al-Qurashi" title="Abu al-Hussein al-Husseini al-Qurashi">Abu al-Hussein al-Husseini al-Qurashi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Ahmad_al-Alwani" title="Abu Ahmad al-Alwani">Abu Ahmad al-Alwani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haji_Bakr" title="Haji Bakr">Haji Bakr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Usamah_al-Maghrebi" title="Abu Usamah al-Maghrebi">Abu Usamah al-Maghrebi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Abdulrahman_al-Bilawi" title="Abu Abdulrahman al-Bilawi">Abu Abdulrahman al-Bilawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Muhannad_al-Suwaydawi" title="Abu Muhannad al-Suwaydawi">Abu Muhannad al-Suwaydawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Rauf_Aliza" title="Abdul Rauf Aliza">Abdul Rauf Aliza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Sayyaf_(Islamic_State_leader)" title="Abu Sayyaf (Islamic State leader)">Abu Sayyaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Awni_al-Harzi" title="Ali Awni al-Harzi">Ali Awni al-Harzi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tariq_al-Harzi" title="Tariq al-Harzi">Tariq al-Harzi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Khattab_al-Tunisi" title="Abu Khattab al-Tunisi">Abu Khattab al-Tunisi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maher_Meshaal" title="Maher Meshaal">Maher Meshaal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Muslim_al-Turkmani" title="Abu Muslim al-Turkmani">Abu Muslim al-Turkmani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Saleh" title="Abu Saleh">Abu Saleh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jihadi_John" title="Jihadi John">Mohammed Emwazi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Nabil_al-Anbari" title="Abu Nabil al-Anbari">Abu Nabil al-Anbari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Ali_al-Anbari" title="Abu Ali al-Anbari">Abu Ali al-Anbari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Waheeb" title="Abu Waheeb">Abu Waheeb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Aswad_al-Jiburi" title="Ali Aswad al-Jiburi">Ali Aswad al-Jiburi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Omar_al-Shishani" title="Abu Omar al-Shishani">Abu Omar al-Shishani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El-Hassen_Ould_Khalill_Jouleibib" class="mw-redirect" title="El-Hassen Ould Khalill Jouleibib">El-Hassen Ould Khalill Jouleibib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Mohammad_al-Adnani" title="Abu Mohammad al-Adnani">Abu Mohammad al-Adnani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Hamza_Al-Qurashi" title="Abu Hamza Al-Qurashi">Abu Hamza Al-Qurashi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Muhammad_al-Furqan" title="Abu Muhammad al-Furqan">Abu Muhammad al-Furqan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Jandal_al-Kuwaiti" title="Abu Jandal al-Kuwaiti">Abu Jandal al-Kuwaiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Bilal_al-Harbi" title="Abu Bilal al-Harbi">Abu Bilal al-Harbi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Abousamra" title="Ahmad Abousamra">Ahmad Abousamra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turki_al-Binali" title="Turki al-Binali">Turki al-Binali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tareq_Kamleh" title="Tareq Kamleh">Tareq Kamleh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lavdrim_Muhaxheri" title="Lavdrim Muhaxheri">Lavdrim Muhaxheri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Osama_al-Masri" title="Abu Osama al-Masri">Abu Osama al-Masri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abul-Hasan_al-Muhajir" title="Abul-Hasan al-Muhajir">Abul-Hasan al-Muhajir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Muhammad_al-Shimali" title="Abu Muhammad al-Shimali">Abu Muhammad al-Shimali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulmurod_Khalimov" title="Gulmurod Khalimov">Gulmurod Khalimov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Nasser_Qardash" title="Abdul Nasser Qardash">Abdul Nasser Qardash</a> (captured)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Yasser_al-Issawi" title="Abu Yasser al-Issawi">Abu Yasser al-Issawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adnan_Abu_Walid_al-Sahrawi" title="Adnan Abu Walid al-Sahrawi">Adnan Abu Walid al-Sahrawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Hamza_Al-Qurashi" title="Abu Hamza Al-Qurashi">Abu Hamza Al-Qurashi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yusuf_al-Hindi" class="mw-redirect" title="Yusuf al-Hindi">Yusuf al-Hindi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Omar_al-Muhajir" title="Abu Omar al-Muhajir">Abu Omar al-Muhajir</a> (captured)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Othman_al-Nazih" title="Othman al-Nazih">Othman al-Nazih</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamal_Udeen_Al-Harith" title="Jamal Udeen Al-Harith">Jamal Udeen Al-Harith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aine_Davis" title="Aine Davis">Aine Davis</a> (captured)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexanda_Kotey" title="Alexanda Kotey">Alexanda Kotey</a> (captured)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Shafee_Elsheikh" title="El Shafee Elsheikh">El Shafee Elsheikh</a> (captured)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denis_Cuspert" title="Denis Cuspert">Denis Cuspert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdelhamid_Abaaoud" title="Abdelhamid Abaaoud">Abdelhamid Abaaoud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boubaker_El_Hakim" title="Boubaker El Hakim">Boubaker El Hakim</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Islamic_State" title="History of the Islamic State">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jama%27at_al-Tawhid_wal-Jihad" title="Jama'at al-Tawhid wal-Jihad">Jama'at al-Tawhid wal-Jihad</a> (1999–2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Qaeda_in_Iraq" title="Al-Qaeda in Iraq">Al-Qaeda in Iraq</a> (2004–2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mujahideen_Shura_Council_(Iraq)" title="Mujahideen Shura Council (Iraq)">Mujahideen Shura Council</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_of_Iraq" title="Islamic State of Iraq">Islamic State of Iraq</a> (2006–2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_State#Name" title="Islamic State">Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant</a> (2013–2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_State" title="Islamic State">Islamic State</a> (2014–present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_terrorist_incidents_linked_to_the_Islamic_State" title="List of terrorist incidents linked to the Islamic State">Timeline of events</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Islamic_State_(2013)" title="Timeline of the Islamic State (2013)">2013</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Islamic_State_(2014)" title="Timeline of the Islamic State (2014)">2014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Islamic_State_(2015)" title="Timeline of the Islamic State (2015)">2015</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Islamic_State_(2016)" title="Timeline of the Islamic State (2016)">2016</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Islamic_State_(2017)" title="Timeline of the Islamic State (2017)">2017</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Islamic_State_(2018)" title="Timeline of the Islamic State (2018)">2018</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Islamic_State_(2019)" title="Timeline of the Islamic State (2019)">2019</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Islamic_State_(2020)" title="Timeline of the Islamic State (2020)">2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_terrorist_incidents_linked_to_the_Islamic_State#2021" title="List of terrorist incidents linked to the Islamic State">2021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_terrorist_incidents_linked_to_the_Islamic_State#2022" title="List of terrorist incidents linked to the Islamic State">2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_terrorist_incidents_linked_to_the_Islamic_State#2023" title="List of terrorist incidents linked to the Islamic State">2023</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Islamic_State_(2024)" title="Timeline of the Islamic State (2024)">2024</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Territory_of_the_Islamic_State#Specific_territorial_claims" title="Territory of the Islamic State">Groups</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International branches</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_%E2%80%93_Khorasan_Province" title="Islamic State – Khorasan Province">Khorasan Province (Afghanistan and Pakistan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_%E2%80%93_Libya_Province" title="Islamic State – Libya Province">Libyan Provinces (Libya)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_%E2%80%93_Caucasus_Province" title="Islamic State – Caucasus Province">Caucasus Province (North Caucasus, Russia)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_%E2%80%93_Sinai_Province" title="Islamic State – Sinai Province">Sinai Province (Sinai, Egypt)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_%E2%80%93_Algeria_Province" title="Islamic State – Algeria Province">Algeria Province (Algeria)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_%E2%80%93_Yemen_Province" title="Islamic State – Yemen Province">Yemen Province (Yemen)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_in_Somalia" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic State in Somalia">Abnaa ul-Khilafah (Somalia and Somaliland)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_%E2%80%93_Bengal_Province" title="Islamic State – Bengal Province">Bengal Province (Bangladesh)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boko_Haram" title="Boko Haram">Boko Haram (Nigeria, Cameroon, Chad, Niger and Mali)</a> (2015–2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_%E2%80%93_West_Africa_Province" title="Islamic State – West Africa Province">West Africa Province (Nigeria, Cameroon, Chad and Niger)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_%E2%80%93_Central_Africa_Province" title="Islamic State – Central Africa Province">Central Africa Province (DR Congo and Uganda)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_%E2%80%93_Sahil_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic State – Sahil Province">Sahil Province (Mali, Niger and Burkina Faso)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_%E2%80%93_Hind_Province" title="Islamic State – Hind Province">Hind Province (India)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_%E2%80%93_Pakistan_Province" title="Islamic State – Pakistan Province">Pakistan Province ((Pakistan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_%E2%80%93_Turkey_Province" title="Islamic State – Turkey Province">Turkey Province (Turkey)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Islamic_State_%E2%80%93_Mozambique_Province&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Islamic State – Mozambique Province (page does not exist)">Mozambique Province (Mozambique)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khalid_ibn_al-Walid_Army" title="Khalid ibn al-Walid Army">Khalid ibn al-Walid Army (Syria)</a> (2016–2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheikh_Omar_Hadid_Brigade" title="Sheikh Omar Hadid Brigade">Sheikh Omar Hadid Brigade (Gaza)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Sayyaf" title="Abu Sayyaf">Abu Sayyaf (Philippines)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ansar_Khalifa_Philippines" title="Ansar Khalifa Philippines">Ansar Khalifa (Philippines)</a> (2014–2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ansar_al-Khilafah_Brazil" title="Ansar al-Khilafah Brazil">Ansar al-Khilafah Brazil (Brazil)</a> (2016–2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Indonesia_Mujahideen" title="East Indonesia Mujahideen">East Indonesia Mujahideen (Indonesia)</a> (2014–2022)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Unorganized cells</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Territory_of_the_Islamic_State#Azerbaijan" title="Territory of the Islamic State">Azerbaijan Province (Azerbaijan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_in_Jammu_and_Kashmir" title="Islamic State in Jammu and Kashmir">Jammu and Kashmir Province (Jammu and Kashmir)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_in_Kurdistan" title="Islamic State in Kurdistan">Kurdistan Province (Kurdistan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territory_of_the_Islamic_State#Saudi_Arabia" title="Territory of the Islamic State">Haramayn Province (Saudi Arabia and Bahrain)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territory_of_the_Islamic_State#Lebanon_and_Tunisia" title="Territory of the Islamic State">Lebanon Province (Lebanon)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territory_of_the_Islamic_State#Lebanon_and_Tunisia" title="Territory of the Islamic State">Jund al Khilafah in Tunisia (Tunisia)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brussels_Islamic_State_terror_cell" title="Brussels Islamic State terror cell">Brussels Islamic State terror cell (Belgium)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_wars_and_battles_involving_the_Islamic_State" title="List of wars and battles involving the Islamic State">Wars</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/War_on_terror" title="War on terror">War on terror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraq_War" title="Iraq War">Iraq War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_insurgency_(2003%E2%80%932011)" title="Iraqi insurgency (2003–2011)">Insurgency (2003–2011)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_civil_war_(2006%E2%80%932008)" title="Iraqi civil war (2006–2008)">Iraqi civil war (2006–2008)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_insurgency_(2011%E2%80%932013)" title="Iraqi insurgency (2011–2013)">Insurgency (2011–2013)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_in_Iraq_(2013%E2%80%932017)" title="War in Iraq (2013–2017)">War in Iraq (2013–2017)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_insurgency_in_Iraq_(2017%E2%80%93present)" title="Islamic State insurgency in Iraq (2017–present)">Insurgency (2017–present)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_civil_war" title="Syrian civil war">Syrian civil war</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spillover_of_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Spillover of the Syrian civil war">Spillover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_civil_war_spillover_in_Lebanon" title="Syrian civil war spillover in Lebanon">Spillover in Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opposition%E2%80%93Islamic_State_conflict_during_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Opposition–Islamic State conflict during the Syrian civil war">Opposition–Islamic State conflict</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinai_insurgency" title="Sinai insurgency">Sinai insurgency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libyan_civil_war_(2014%E2%80%932020)" title="Libyan civil war (2014–2020)">Second Libyan Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Khyber_Pakhtunkhwa" title="Insurgency in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa">Insurgency in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Cabo_Delgado" title="Insurgency in Cabo Delgado">Mozambique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamist_insurgency_in_the_Sahel" title="Islamist insurgency in the Sahel">Islamist insurgency in the Sahel</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mali_War" title="Mali War">Mali War</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_in_Afghanistan_(2001%E2%80%932021)" title="War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)">War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_State%E2%80%93Taliban_conflict" title="Islamic State–Taliban conflict">Conflict with Taliban</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moro_conflict" title="Moro conflict">Moro conflict (1968–2019)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Qaeda_insurgency_in_Yemen" title="Al-Qaeda insurgency in Yemen">al-Qaeda insurgency in Yemen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yemeni_civil_war_(2014%E2%80%93present)" title="Yemeni civil war (2014–present)">Yemeni civil war (2014–present)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boko_Haram_insurgency" title="Boko Haram insurgency">Boko Haram insurgency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_against_the_Islamic_State" title="War against the Islamic State">Military intervention against IS</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/US-led_intervention_in_Iraq_(2014%E2%80%932021)" title="US-led intervention in Iraq (2014–2021)">US intervention in Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/US_intervention_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="US intervention in the Syrian civil war">US intervention in Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_intervention_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Russian intervention in the Syrian civil war">Russian intervention in Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Euphrates_Shield" title="Operation Euphrates Shield">Turkish operation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somali_Civil_War_(2009%E2%80%93present)" title="Somali Civil War (2009–present)">Somalia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_wars_and_battles_involving_the_Islamic_State" title="List of wars and battles involving the Islamic State">Battles</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2013</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akashat_ambush" title="Akashat ambush">Akashat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_Hawija_clashes" title="2013 Hawija clashes">Hawija</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raqqa_campaign_(2012%E2%80%932013)" title="Raqqa campaign (2012–2013)">Raqqa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_al-Shabah" title="Operation al-Shabah">Al-Shabah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ras_al-Ayn_(2012%E2%80%9313)" title="Battle of Ras al-Ayn (2012–13)">Ras al-Ayn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tell_Abyad_(2013)" title="Battle of Tell Abyad (2013)">Tell Abyad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_Latakia_offensive" title="2013 Latakia offensive">Latakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Menagh_Air_Base" title="Siege of Menagh Air Base">Menagh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sidi_Ali_Ben_Aoun" title="Battle of Sidi Ali Ben Aoun">Sidi Ali Ben Aoun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sadad" title="Battle of Sadad">Sadad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Qalamoun_(2013%E2%80%932014)" title="Battle of Qalamoun (2013–2014)">Qalamoun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleppo_offensive_(October%E2%80%93December_2013)" title="Aleppo offensive (October–December 2013)">Aleppo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_al-Yaarubiyah" title="Battle of al-Yaarubiyah">Al-Yaarubiyah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tell_Hamis_and_Tell_Brak_(December_2013%E2%80%93January_2014)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Tell Hamis and Tell Brak (December 2013–January 2014)">Tell Hamis and Tell Brak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anbar_campaign_(2013%E2%80%932014)" title="Anbar campaign (2013–2014)">Anbar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2014</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Fallujah" title="Fall of Fallujah">Fallujah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Aleppo_offensive_(February%E2%80%93July_2014)" title="Northern Aleppo offensive (February–July 2014)">N Aleppo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Markada" title="Battle of Markada">Markada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Iraq_offensive_(June_2014)" title="Northern Iraq offensive (June 2014)">N Iraq (Jun)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Mosul" title="Fall of Mosul">Mosul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salahuddin_campaign" title="Salahuddin campaign">Salahuddin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Baiji" title="Fall of Baiji">Baiji (Jun)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_Tikrit" title="First Battle of Tikrit">Tikrit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Iraq_offensive_(August_2014)" title="Northern Iraq offensive (August 2014)">N Iraq (Aug)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Koban%C3%AE" title="Siege of Kobanî">Kobanî</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinjar_massacre" title="Sinjar massacre">Sinjar (Aug)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derna_campaign_(2014%E2%80%932016)" title="Derna campaign (2014–2016)">Derna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ramadi_(2014%E2%80%932015)" title="Battle of Ramadi (2014–2015)">Ramadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deir_ez-Zor_offensive_(December_2014)" title="Deir ez-Zor offensive (December 2014)">Deir ez-Zor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Baiji_(2014%E2%80%932015)" title="Battle of Baiji (2014–2015)">Baiji (14–15)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_2014_Sinjar_offensive" title="December 2014 Sinjar offensive">Sinjar (Dec)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Zumar" title="Battle of Zumar">Zumar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Amirli" title="Siege of Amirli">Amirli</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2015</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Nofaliya_(2015)" title="Fall of Nofaliya (2015)">Nofaliya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_West_African_offensive" title="2015 West African offensive">W Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_2015_Egyptian_airstrikes_in_Libya" title="February 2015 Egyptian airstrikes in Libya">Egyptian airstrikes in Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Niger_raid" class="mw-redirect" title="2015 Niger raid">Niger raid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_al-Hasakah_offensive" title="Eastern al-Hasakah offensive">E al-Hasakah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Tikrit" title="Second Battle of Tikrit">Tikrit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sirte_(2015)" title="Battle of Sirte (2015)">Sirte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hama_and_Homs_offensive_(March%E2%80%93April_2015)" title="Hama and Homs offensive (March–April 2015)">Hama & Homs (Mar–Apr)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sarrin_(March%E2%80%93April_2015)" title="Battle of Sarrin (March–April 2015)">Sarrin (Mar–Apr)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Yarmouk_Camp_(2015)" title="Battle of Yarmouk Camp (2015)">Yarmouk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qalamoun_offensive_(May%E2%80%93June_2015)" title="Qalamoun offensive (May–June 2015)">Qalamoun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palmyra_offensive_(May_2015)" title="Palmyra offensive (May 2015)">Palmyra (May)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_al-Hasakah_offensive" title="Western al-Hasakah offensive">W al-Hasakah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Hasakah_city_offensive" title="Al-Hasakah city offensive">Al-Hasakah city</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tell_Abyad_offensive" title="Tell Abyad offensive">Tell Abyad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sarrin_(June%E2%80%93July_2015)" title="Battle of Sarrin (June–July 2015)">Sarrin (Jun–Jul)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_al-Hasakah_(2015)" title="Battle of al-Hasakah (2015)">Al-Hasakah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koban%C3%AE_massacre" title="Kobanî massacre">Kobani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palmyra_offensive_(July%E2%80%93August_2015)" title="Palmyra offensive (July–August 2015)">Palmyra (Jul–Aug)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ramadi_(2015%E2%80%932016)" title="Battle of Ramadi (2015–2016)">Ramadi (15–16)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_al-Qaryatayn_(2015)" title="Battle of al-Qaryatayn (2015)">Al-Qaryatayn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_al-Hawl_offensive" title="2015 al-Hawl offensive">Al-Hawl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homs_offensive_(November%E2%80%93December_2015)" title="Homs offensive (November–December 2015)">Homs (Nov–Dec)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_2015_Sinjar_offensive" title="November 2015 Sinjar offensive">Sinjar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Aleppo_offensive_(2015%E2%80%932016)" title="East Aleppo offensive (2015–2016)">E Aleppo (15–16)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nineveh_Plains_offensive" title="Nineveh Plains offensive">Niveneh Plains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tishrin_Dam_offensive" title="Tishrin Dam offensive">Tishrin Dam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2016</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deir_ez-Zor_offensive_(2016)" title="Deir ez-Zor offensive (2016)">Deir ez-Zor (Jan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Fallujah_(2016)" title="Siege of Fallujah (2016)">Fallujah (Feb–May)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nangarhar_offensive_(2016)" title="Nangarhar offensive (2016)">Nangarhar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ben_Guerdane" title="Battle of Ben Guerdane">Ben Guerdane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ithriyah-Raqqa_offensive_(February%E2%80%93March_2016)" title="Ithriyah-Raqqa offensive (February–March 2016)">Ithriyah-Raqqa (Feb–Mar)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Shaddadi_offensive_(2016)" title="Al-Shaddadi offensive (2016)">Al-Shaddadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Khanasir_offensive" title="2016 Khanasir offensive">Khanasir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_al-Qaryatayn_(2016)" title="Battle of al-Qaryatayn (2016)">Al-Qaryatayn (Mar–Apr)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palmyra_offensive_(March_2016)" title="Palmyra offensive (March 2016)">Palmyra (Mar)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Aleppo_offensive_(March%E2%80%93June_2016)" title="Northern Aleppo offensive (March–June 2016)">N Aleppo (Mar–Jun)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hit_(2016)" title="Battle of Hit (2016)">Hīt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tipo-Tipo" title="Battle of Tipo-Tipo">Tipo-Tipo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sirte_(2016)" title="Battle of Sirte (2016)">Sirte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ar-Rutbah_(2016)" title="Battle of Ar-Rutbah (2016)">Ar-Rutbah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Raqqa_offensive" title="Northern Raqqa offensive">N Raqqa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Battle_of_Fallujah" title="Third Battle of Fallujah">Fallujah (May–Jun)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manbij_offensive" title="Manbij offensive">Manbij</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ithriyah-Raqqa_offensive_(June_2016)" title="Ithriyah-Raqqa offensive (June 2016)">Ithriyah-Raqqa (Jun)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Abu_Kamal_offensive" title="2016 Abu Kamal offensive">Abu Kamal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_al-Rai_(August_2016)" title="Battle of al-Rai (August 2016)">al-Rai (Aug)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_al-Bab_offensive_(September_2016)" title="Northern al-Bab offensive (September 2016)">N al-Bab (Sep)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_al-Bab_offensive_(September_2016)" title="Western al-Bab offensive (September 2016)">W al-Bab (Sep)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Dabiq_offensive" title="2016 Dabiq offensive">Dabiq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_al-Bab_offensive_(October%E2%80%93November_2016)" title="Western al-Bab offensive (October–November 2016)">W al-Bab (Oct–Nov)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_al-Bab" title="Battle of al-Bab">Al-Bab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleppo_offensive_(November%E2%80%93December_2016)" title="Aleppo offensive (November–December 2016)">Aleppo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palmyra_offensive_(December_2016)" title="Palmyra offensive (December 2016)">Palmyra</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2017</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mosul_(2016%E2%80%932017)" title="Battle of Mosul (2016–2017)">Mosul (16–17)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raqqa_campaign_(2016%E2%80%932017)" title="Raqqa campaign (2016–2017)">Raqqa (16–17)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palmyra_offensive_(2017)" title="Palmyra offensive (2017)">Palmyra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deir_ez-Zor_offensive_(January%E2%80%93February_2017)" title="Deir ez-Zor offensive (January–February 2017)">Deir ez-Zor (Jan–Feb)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Aleppo_offensive_(2017)" title="East Aleppo offensive (2017)">E Aleppo (Jan–Apr)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Homs_offensive_(2017)" title="Eastern Homs offensive (2017)">E Homs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hama_offensive_(March%E2%80%93April_2017)" title="Hama offensive (March–April 2017)">Hama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Western_Nineveh_offensive" class="mw-redirect" title="2017 Western Nineveh offensive">W Nineveh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tabqa" title="Battle of Tabqa">Tabqa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Desert_campaign_(December_2016%E2%80%93April_2017)" title="Syrian Desert campaign (December 2016–April 2017)">Syrian Desert (Dec 16–Apr 17)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Desert_campaign_(May%E2%80%93July_2017)" title="Syrian Desert campaign (May–July 2017)">Syrian Desert (May–Jul)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maskanah_Plains_offensive" title="Maskanah Plains offensive">Maskanah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Marawi" title="Siege of Marawi">Marawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Raqqa_(2017)" title="Battle of Raqqa (2017)">Raqqa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Southern_Raqqa_offensive" title="2017 Southern Raqqa offensive">S Raqqa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Syria_campaign" title="Central Syria campaign">C Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tal_Afar_(2017)" title="Battle of Tal Afar (2017)">Tal Afar</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Deir ez-Zor (17–19)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hawija" title="Battle of Hawija">Hawija</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Syria_campaign_(September%E2%80%93December_2017)" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Syria campaign (September–December 2017)">E Syria (Sep–Dec)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northwestern_Syria_campaign_(October_2017%E2%80%93February_2018)" title="Northwestern Syria campaign (October 2017–February 2018)">NW Syria (Oct 17–Feb 18)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Abu_Kamal_offensive" title="2017 Abu Kamal offensive">Abu Kamal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Western_Iraq_campaign" title="2017 Western Iraq campaign">W Iraq</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2018</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/As-Suwayda_offensive_(June_2018)" title="As-Suwayda offensive (June 2018)">As-Suwayda (Jun)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Southern_Syria_offensive" title="2018 Southern Syria offensive">S Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/As-Suwayda_offensive_(August%E2%80%93November_2018)" title="As-Suwayda offensive (August–November 2018)">As-Suwayda (Aug–Nov)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2019</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Battle_of_Hajin">Hajin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Baghuz_Fawqani" title="Battle of Baghuz Fawqani">Baghuz Fawqani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Abu_Bakr_al-Baghdadi" title="Death of Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi">Barisha raid</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2020</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Chinagodrar" title="Battle of Chinagodrar">Chinagodrar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Danag" title="Battle of Danag">Danag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moc%C3%ADmboa_da_Praia_offensive" title="Mocímboa da Praia offensive">Mocímboa da Praia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Bayda_offensive" title="Al Bayda offensive">Al Bayda</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2021</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tessit_(2021)" title="Battle of Tessit (2021)">Tessit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Palma" title="Battle of Palma">Palma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sambisa_Forest_(2021)" title="Battle of Sambisa Forest (2021)">Sambisa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Adnan_Abu_Walid_al-Sahrawi" title="Killing of Adnan Abu Walid al-Sahrawi">Dangarous</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2022</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_al-Hasakah_(2022)" title="Battle of al-Hasakah (2022)">Al-Hasakah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Ibrahim_al-Hashimi_al-Qurashi#Death" title="Abu Ibrahim al-Hashimi al-Qurashi">Atme raid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_And%C3%A9ramboukane_(2022)" title="Battle of Andéramboukane (2022)">Andéramboukane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Talataye_(2022)" title="Battle of Talataye (2022)">Talataye</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2023</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Falagountou" title="Battle of Falagountou">Falagountou</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_terrorist_incidents_linked_to_the_Islamic_State" title="List of terrorist incidents linked to the Islamic State">Attacks</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2014</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Museum_of_Belgium_shooting" title="Jewish Museum of Belgium shooting">Jewish Museum of Belgium shooting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camp_Speicher_massacre" title="Camp Speicher massacre">Camp Speicher massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu_ramming_attack" title="2014 Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu ramming attack">Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu ramming</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2015</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hypercacher_kosher_supermarket_siege" title="Hypercacher kosher supermarket siege">Hypercacher kosher supermarket siege</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_kidnapping_and_beheading_of_Copts_in_Libya" title="2015 kidnapping and beheading of Copts in Libya">Beheading of Copts in Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Corinthia_Hotel_attack" title="2015 Corinthia Hotel attack">Corinthia Hotel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Qubbah_bombings" title="Al Qubbah bombings">Al Qubbah bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bardo_National_Museum_attack" title="Bardo National Museum attack">Bardo National Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_2015_Sanaa_mosque_bombings" title="March 2015 Sanaa mosque bombings">Sanaa bombings (Mar)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Jalalabad_suicide_bombing" title="2015 Jalalabad suicide bombing">Jalalabad bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curtis_Culwell_Center_attack" title="Curtis Culwell Center attack">Curtis Culwell Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qatif_and_Dammam_mosque_bombings" title="Qatif and Dammam mosque bombings">Qatif & Dammam bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/26_June_2015_Islamist_attacks" title="26 June 2015 Islamist attacks">26 June</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Koban%C3%AE_massacre" title="Kobanî massacre">Kobanî massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Quentin-Fallavier_attack" title="Saint-Quentin-Fallavier attack">Saint-Quentin-Fallavier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Kuwait_mosque_bombing" title="2015 Kuwait mosque bombing">Kuwait mosque bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Sousse_attacks" title="2015 Sousse attacks">Sousse</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Khan_Bani_Saad_bombing" title="2015 Khan Bani Saad bombing">Khan Bani Saad bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suru%C3%A7_bombing" title="Suruç bombing">Suruç bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_2015_Baghdad_bombing" class="mw-redirect" title="August 2015 Baghdad bombing">Baghdad bombing (Aug)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_2015_Sanaa_mosque_bombing" title="September 2015 Sanaa mosque bombing">Sanaa bombing (Sep)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Ankara_bombings" title="2015 Ankara bombings">Ankara bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Saihat_shooting" title="2015 Saihat shooting">Saihat shooting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metrojet_Flight_9268" title="Metrojet Flight 9268">Metrojet Flight 9268</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Beirut_bombings" title="2015 Beirut bombings">Beirut bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_2015_Paris_attacks" title="November 2015 Paris attacks">Paris (Nov)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Tunis_bombing" title="2015 Tunis bombing">Tunis bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_San_Bernardino_attack" title="2015 San Bernardino attack">San Bernardino attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Qamishli_bombings" title="2015 Qamishli bombings">Qamishli bombings</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2016</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zliten_truck_bombing" title="Zliten truck bombing">Zliten truck bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Hurghada_attack" title="2016 Hurghada attack">Hurghada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_2016_Istanbul_bombing" title="January 2016 Istanbul bombing">Istanbul bombing (Jan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Jakarta_attacks" title="2016 Jakarta attacks">Jakarta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Ramadi_bombing" title="2016 Ramadi bombing">Ramadi bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahasin_mosque_attack" title="Mahasin mosque attack">Mahasin mosque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_2016_Sayyidah_Zaynab_attack" class="mw-redirect" title="January 2016 Sayyidah Zaynab attack">Sayyidah Zaynab (Jan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Mosul_massacre" title="2016 Mosul massacre">Mosul massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_2016_Homs_bombings" title="February 2016 Homs bombings">Homs bombings (Feb)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_2016_Sayyidah_Zaynab_bombings" class="mw-redirect" title="February 2016 Sayyidah Zaynab bombings">Sayyidah Zaynab bombings (Feb)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_2016_Baghdad_bombings" class="mw-redirect" title="February 2016 Baghdad bombings">Baghdad bombings (Feb)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_2016_Istanbul_bombing" title="March 2016 Istanbul bombing">Istanbul bombing (Mar)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Brussels_bombings" title="2016 Brussels bombings">Brussels bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Aden_car_bombing" title="2016 Aden car bombing">Aden bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iskandariya_suicide_bombing" title="Iskandariya suicide bombing">Iskandariya bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_2016_Baghdad_bombing" class="mw-redirect" title="April 2016 Baghdad bombing">Baghdad bombing (Apr)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Samawa_bombing" title="2016 Samawa bombing">Samawa bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_2016_Gaziantep_bombing" title="May 2016 Gaziantep bombing">Gaziantep bombing (May)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/11_May_2016_Baghdad_bombings" title="11 May 2016 Baghdad bombings">Baghdad bombings (11 May)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Real_Madrid_fan_club_massacres" title="Real Madrid fan club massacres">Real Madrid fan club massacres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Taji_gas_plant_attack" title="2016 Taji gas plant attack">Baghdad gas plant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_2016_Yemen_police_bombings" title="May 2016 Yemen police bombings">Yemen police bombings (15 May)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_2016_Baghdad_bombings" class="mw-redirect" title="May 2016 Baghdad bombings">Baghdad bombings (17 May)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_2016_Jableh_and_Tartous_bombings" class="mw-redirect" title="May 2016 Jableh and Tartous bombings">Jableh & Tartous bombings (May)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/23_May_2016_Yemen_bombings" title="23 May 2016 Yemen bombings">Yemen bombings (23 May)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Aktobe_shootings" title="2016 Aktobe shootings">Aktobe shootings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting" title="Pulse nightclub shooting">Pulse nightclub shooting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Magnanville_stabbing" title="2016 Magnanville stabbing">Magnanville stabbing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_2016_Mukalla_attacks" title="June 2016 Mukalla attacks">Mukalla (Jun)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Movida_Bar_grenade_attack" title="2016 Movida Bar grenade attack">Movida Bar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Atat%C3%BCrk_Airport_attack" title="2016 Atatürk Airport attack">Atatürk Airport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_2016_Dhaka_attack" title="July 2016 Dhaka attack">Dhaka (Jul)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Karrada_bombing" title="2016 Karrada bombing">Karrada bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_ibn_Ali_al-Hadi_Mausoleum_attack" title="Muhammad ibn Ali al-Hadi Mausoleum attack">Muhammad ibn Ali al-Hadi Mausoleum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Nice_truck_attack" title="2016 Nice truck attack">Nice truck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W%C3%BCrzburg_train_attack" title="Würzburg train attack">Würzburg train</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_2016_Kabul_bombing" title="July 2016 Kabul bombing">Kabul bombing (Jul)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Ansbach_bombing" title="2016 Ansbach bombing">Ansbach bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Normandy_church_attack" title="2016 Normandy church attack">Normandy church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_2016_Qamishli_bombings" title="July 2016 Qamishli bombings">Qamishli bombings (Jul)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_stabbing_of_Charleroi_police_officers" title="2016 stabbing of Charleroi police officers">Charleroi stabbing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shchelkovo_Highway_police_station_attack" title="Shchelkovo Highway police station attack">Shchelkovo Highway police station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_2016_Aden_bombing" title="August 2016 Aden bombing">Aden bombing (Aug)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5_September_2016_Syria_bombings" title="5 September 2016 Syria bombings">Syria bombings (5 Sep)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/9_September_2016_Baghdad_bombings" title="9 September 2016 Baghdad bombings">Baghdad bombings (9 Sep)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_2016_Baghdad_attacks" title="October 2016 Baghdad attacks">Baghdad bombings (Oct)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Quetta_police_training_college_attack" title="2016 Quetta police training college attack">Quetta police college</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamam_al-Alil_massacre" title="Hamam al-Alil massacre">Hamam al-Alil massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Khuzdar_bombing" title="2016 Khuzdar bombing">Khuzdar bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Samarinda_church_bombing" title="2016 Samarinda church bombing">Samarinda bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_2016_Hillah_suicide_truck_bombing" title="November 2016 Hillah suicide truck bombing">Hillah bombing (Nov)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_2016_Aden_suicide_bombings" title="December 2016 Aden suicide bombings">Aden bombings (Dec)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Botroseya_Church_bombing" title="Botroseya Church bombing">Botroseya bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Al-Karak_attack" title="2016 Al-Karak attack">Al-Karak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Berlin_truck_attack" title="2016 Berlin truck attack">Berlin truck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murders_of_Sefter_Ta%C5%9F_and_Fethi_%C5%9Eahin" title="Murders of Sefter Taş and Fethi Şahin">Murders of Sefter Taş and Fethi Şahin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_2016_Baghdad_bombings" class="mw-redirect" title="December 2016 Baghdad bombings">Baghdad bombings (Dec)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2017</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Istanbul_nightclub_shooting" title="Istanbul nightclub shooting">Istanbul nightclub shooting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_2,_2017_Baghdad_bombings" class="mw-redirect" title="January 2, 2017 Baghdad bombings">Baghdad bombings (2 Jan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_2017_Azaz_bombing" title="January 2017 Azaz bombing">Azaz bombing (Jan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sehwan_suicide_bombing" title="Sehwan suicide bombing">Sehwan bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_2017_Kabul_attack" class="mw-redirect" title="March 2017 Kabul attack">Kabul (Mar)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Westminster_attack" title="2017 Westminster attack">Westminster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Saint_Petersburg_Metro_bombing" title="2017 Saint Petersburg Metro bombing">St Petersburg Metro bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palm_Sunday_church_bombings" title="Palm Sunday church bombings">Egypt church bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Mastung_suicide_bombing" title="2017 Mastung suicide bombing">Mastung bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manchester_Arena_bombing" title="Manchester Arena bombing">Manchester Arena bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Jakarta_bombings" title="2017 Jakarta bombings">Jakarta bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Minya_bus_attack" title="2017 Minya bus attack">Minya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Faqma_ice_cream_parlor_bombing" title="Al-Faqma ice cream parlor bombing">Al-Faqma bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_London_Bridge_attack" title="2017 London Bridge attack">London Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Brighton_siege" title="2017 Brighton siege">Brighton siege</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Tehran_attacks" title="2017 Tehran attacks">Tehran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_2017_Pakistan_attacks" title="June 2017 Pakistan attacks">Pakistan attacks (Jun)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Hurghada_attack" title="2017 Hurghada attack">Hurghada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_2017_Quetta_suicide_bombing" title="August 2017 Quetta suicide bombing">Quetta bombing (Aug)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Barcelona_attacks" title="2017 Barcelona attacks">Barcelona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_2017_Brussels_attack" class="mw-redirect" title="August 2017 Brussels attack">Brussels (Aug)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Nasiriyah_attacks" title="2017 Nasiriyah attacks">Nasiriyah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/20_October_2017_Afghanistan_attacks" title="20 October 2017 Afghanistan attacks">Afghanistan (20 Oct)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_New_York_City_truck_attack" title="2017 New York City truck attack">New York City truck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Sinai_mosque_attack" title="2017 Sinai mosque attack">Sinai mosque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/28_December_2017_Kabul_suicide_bombing" title="28 December 2017 Kabul suicide bombing">Kabul bombing (28 Dec)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attack_on_Saint_Menas_church" title="Attack on Saint Menas church">Saint Menas church</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2018</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2018_Baghdad_bombings" title="2018 Baghdad bombings">Baghdad bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Save_the_Children_Jalalabad_attack" title="Save the Children Jalalabad attack">Save The Children Jalalabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kizlyar_church_shooting" title="Kizlyar church shooting">Kizlyar church shooting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_2018_Kabul_suicide_bombing" title="March 2018 Kabul suicide bombing">Kabul bombing (Mar)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carcassonne_and_Tr%C3%A8bes_attack" title="Carcassonne and Trèbes attack">Carcasonne & Trèbes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/22_April_2018_Kabul_suicide_bombing" title="22 April 2018 Kabul suicide bombing">Kabul bombing (22 Apr)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/30_April_2018_Kabul_suicide_bombings" title="30 April 2018 Kabul suicide bombings">Kabul bombings (30 Apr)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_attack_on_the_High_National_Elections_Commission_in_Tripoli,_Libya" title="2018 attack on the High National Elections Commission in Tripoli, Libya">Tripoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Mako_Brimob_standoff" title="2018 Mako Brimob standoff">Mako Brimob standoff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Paris_knife_attack" title="2018 Paris knife attack">Paris knife</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surabaya_bombings" title="Surabaya bombings">Surabaya bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Li%C3%A8ge_attack" title="2018 Liège attack">Liège</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_2018_Jalalabad_suicide_bombing" title="July 2018 Jalalabad suicide bombing">Jalalabad bombing (Jul)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Mastung_and_Bannu_bombings" title="2018 Mastung and Bannu bombings">Mastung & Bannu bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Quetta_suicide_bombing" title="2018 Quetta suicide bombing">Quetta bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_As-Suwayda_attacks" title="2018 As-Suwayda attacks">As-Suwayda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Tajikistan_tourist_attack" title="2018 Tajikistan tourist attack">Tajikistan attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_2018_Kabul_attacks" title="September 2018 Kabul attacks">Kabul (Sep)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahvaz_military_parade_attack" title="Ahvaz military parade attack">Ahvaz military parade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Minya_bus_attack" title="2018 Minya bus attack">Minya bus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Melbourne_stabbing_attack" title="2018 Melbourne stabbing attack">Melbourne stabbing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murders_of_Louisa_Vesterager_Jespersen_and_Maren_Ueland" title="Murders of Louisa Vesterager Jespersen and Maren Ueland">Murders of Louisa Vesterager Jespersen and Maren Ueland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2019</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2019_Jolo_Cathedral_bombings" title="2019 Jolo Cathedral bombings">Jolo Cathedral bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Sri_Lanka_Easter_bombings" title="2019 Sri Lanka Easter bombings">Sri Lanka Easter bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sainthamaruthu_shootout" title="Sainthamaruthu shootout">Sainthamaruthu shootout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/17_August_2019_Kabul_bombing" title="17 August 2019 Kabul bombing">Kabul bombing (17 Aug)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2020</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/6_March_2020_Kabul_shooting" title="6 March 2020 Kabul shooting">Kabul shooting (6 Mar)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kabul_gurdwara_attack" title="Kabul gurdwara attack">Kabul gurdwara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xitaxi_massacre" title="Xitaxi massacre">Xitaxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_2020_Afghanistan_attacks" title="May 2020 Afghanistan attacks">Afghanistan (May)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jalalabad_prison_attack" class="mw-redirect" title="Jalalabad prison attack">Jalalabad prison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Jolo_bombings" title="2020 Jolo bombings">Jolo bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Kabul_University_attack" title="2020 Kabul University attack">Kabul University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Vienna_attack" title="2020 Vienna attack">Vienna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_2020_Afghanistan_attacks" title="December 2020 Afghanistan attacks">Afghanistan (Dec)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2021</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2021_Machh_attack" title="2021 Machh attack">Machh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_2021_Baghdad_bombings" title="January 2021 Baghdad bombings">January Baghdad bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Kabul_school_bombing" title="2021 Kabul school bombing">Kabul school bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Kabul_airport_attack" title="2021 Kabul airport attack">Kabul airport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Kunduz_mosque_bombing" title="2021 Kunduz mosque bombing">Kunduz bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Kandahar_bombing" title="2021 Kandahar bombing">Kandahar bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Uganda_bombings" title="2021 Uganda bombings">Kampala bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Kabul_hospital_attack" title="2021 Kabul hospital attack">Kabul hospital</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2022</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2022_Diyala_massacre" title="2022 Diyala massacre">Diyala massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Peshawar_mosque_attack" title="2022 Peshawar mosque attack">Peshawar mosque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Hadera_shooting" title="2022 Hadera shooting">Hadera shooting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Mazar-i-Sharif_mosque_bombing" title="2022 Mazar-i-Sharif mosque bombing">Mazar-i-Sharif mosque bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Mazar-i-Sharif_minivan_bombings" title="2022 Mazar-i-Sharif minivan bombings">Mazar-i-Sharif minivan bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bourasso_and_Namissiguima_massacres" title="Bourasso and Namissiguima massacres">Bourasso and Namissiguima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuje_prison_break" title="Kuje prison break">Kuje prison break</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5_August_2022_Kabul_bombing" title="5 August 2022 Kabul bombing">5 August Kabul bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_2022_Kabul_mosque_bombing" title="August 2022 Kabul mosque bombing">August Kabul mosque bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_the_Russian_embassy_in_Kabul" title="Bombing of the Russian embassy in Kabul">Bombing of the Russian embassy in Kabul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Shah_Cheragh_attack" title="2022 Shah Cheragh attack">Shah Cheragh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Kabul_hotel_attack" title="2022 Kabul hotel attack">Kabul hotel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2023</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2023_Kabul_airport_bombing" title="2023 Kabul airport bombing">Kabul airport bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_of_Afghanistan_bombing" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Afghanistan bombing">Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Afghanistan bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Al-Sukhnah_attack" title="2023 Al-Sukhnah attack">Al-Sukhnah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Hama_attack" class="mw-redirect" title="2023 Hama attack">Hama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Khar_bombing" title="2023 Khar bombing">Khar bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arras_school_stabbing" class="mw-redirect" title="Arras school stabbing">Arras school stabbing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Pul-i-Khumri_bombing" title="2023 Pul-i-Khumri bombing">Pul-i-Khumri bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Brussels_shooting" title="2023 Brussels shooting">Brussels shooting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_2023_Kabul_bombing" title="November 2023 Kabul bombing">Kabul bombing (Nov)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Paris_attack" title="2023 Paris attack">Paris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mindanao_State_University_bombing" title="Mindanao State University bombing">Mindanao State University bombing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2024</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kerman_bombings" class="mw-redirect" title="Kerman bombings">Kerman bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Istanbul_church_shooting" title="2024 Istanbul church shooting">Istanbul church shooting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Balochistan_bombings" title="2024 Balochistan bombings">Balochistan bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Sibi_bombing" title="2024 Sibi bombing">Sibi bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mucojo_attack" class="mw-redirect" title="Mucojo attack">Mucojo attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Karabulak_clash" title="2024 Karabulak clash">Karabulak clash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Kandahar_New_Kabul_Bank_bombing" title="2024 Kandahar New Kabul Bank bombing">Kandahar New Kabul Bank bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Tillab%C3%A9ri_attack" class="mw-redirect" title="2024 Tillabéri attack">Tillabéri attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crocus_City_Hall_attack" title="Crocus City Hall attack">Crocus City Hall attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Guzara_Attack" title="2024 Guzara Attack">2024 Guzara Attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Bamyan_shooting" title="2024 Bamyan shooting">2024 Bamyan shooting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Beirut_US_embassy_shooting" title="2024 Beirut US embassy shooting">2024 Beirut US embassy shooting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rostov-on-Don_pre-trial_detention_center_hostage_crisis" title="Rostov-on-Don pre-trial detention center hostage crisis">Rostov-on-Don pre-trial detention center hostage crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Dagestan_attacks" title="2024 Dagestan attacks">2024 Dagestan attacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_attack_on_the_Israeli_embassy_in_Belgrade" title="2024 attack on the Israeli embassy in Belgrade">2024 attack on the Israeli embassy in Belgrade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Muscat_mosque_shooting" title="2024 Muscat mosque shooting">2024 Muscat mosque shooting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Kabul_bus_bombing" title="2024 Kabul bus bombing">2024 Kabul bus bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surovikino_penal_colony_hostage_crisis" title="Surovikino penal colony hostage crisis">Surovikino penal colony hostage crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Solingen_stabbing" title="2024 Solingen stabbing">2024 Solingen stabbing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Qala_Bakhtiar_bombing" title="2024 Qala Bakhtiar bombing">2024 Qala Bakhtiar bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Afghanistan_bus_shooting" title="2024 Afghanistan bus shooting">2024 Afghanistan bus shooting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Qusar_attack" title="2024 Qusar attack">2024 Qusar attack</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Politics and organization</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Finances_of_the_Islamic_State" title="Finances of the Islamic State">Finances</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ideology_of_the_Islamic_State" title="Ideology of the Islamic State">Ideology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_Health_Service" title="Islamic State Health Service">Medicare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_of_the_Islamic_State" title="Military of the Islamic State">Military</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armoured_warfare_of_the_Islamic_State" title="Armoured warfare of the Islamic State">Armoured warfare</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Islamic_State-controlled_territory" title="Human rights in Islamic State-controlled territory">Human rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genocide_of_Christians_by_the_Islamic_State" class="mw-redirect" title="Genocide of Christians by the Islamic State">Genocide of Christians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Shias_by_the_Islamic_State" title="Persecution of Shias by the Islamic State">Persecution of Shias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genocide_of_Yazidis_by_the_Islamic_State" class="mw-redirect" title="Genocide of Yazidis by the Islamic State">Genocide of Yazidis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_Turkmen_genocide" title="Iraqi Turkmen genocide">Genocide of Turkmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_gay_and_bisexual_men_by_the_Islamic_State" title="Persecution of gay and bisexual men by the Islamic State">Persecution of gay and bisexual men</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_captives_by_the_Islamic_State" title="Killing of captives by the Islamic State">Killing of captives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_beheading_incidents" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic State beheading incidents">Beheading incidents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Destruction_of_cultural_heritage_by_the_Islamic_State" title="Destruction of cultural heritage by the Islamic State">Destruction of cultural heritage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISIS_occupation_of_Mosul" class="mw-redirect" title="ISIS occupation of Mosul">Occupation of Mosul</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mass_executions_in_ISIL-occupied_Mosul" class="mw-redirect" title="Mass executions in ISIL-occupied Mosul">Executions in Mosul</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Relations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iran_and_the_Islamic_State" title="Iran and the Islamic State">Iran and the Islamic State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippines_and_the_Islamic_State" title="Philippines and the Islamic State">Philippines and the Islamic State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_and_the_Islamic_State" title="United Kingdom and the Islamic State">United Kingdom and the Islamic State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinidad_and_Tobago_and_the_Islamic_State" title="Trinidad and Tobago and the Islamic State">Trinidad and Tobago and the Islamic State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_fighters_in_the_Syrian_Civil_War_and_War_in_Iraq" class="mw-redirect" title="Foreign fighters in the Syrian Civil War and War in Iraq">Foreign fighters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Name_changes_due_to_the_Islamic_State" title="Name changes due to the Islamic State">Name changes due to the Islamic State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portrayal_of_the_Islamic_State_in_American_media" title="Portrayal of the Islamic State in American media">Portrayal of the Islamic State in American media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saddam_Hussein_and_al-Qaeda_link_allegations" title="Saddam Hussein and al-Qaeda link allegations">Connection with Saddam Regime and Baath Party</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Society</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Islamic_State_members" title="List of Islamic State members">Members</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brussels_Islamic_State_terror_cell" title="Brussels Islamic State terror cell">Terrorist cell in Brussels</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territory_of_the_Islamic_State" title="Territory of the Islamic State">Territorial claims</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Barakah_(Islamic_State_administrative_district)" title="Al-Barakah (Islamic State administrative district)">al-Barakah district</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collaboration_with_the_Islamic_State" title="Collaboration with the Islamic State">Collaboration</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/A_Second_Message_to_America" title="A Second Message to America">A Second Message to America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Bayan_(radio_station)" title="Al-Bayan (radio station)">Al-Bayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Furat_Media_Center" title="Al-Furat Media Center">Al-Furat Media Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Hayat_Media_Center" title="Al-Hayat Media Center">Al-Hayat Media Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Naba" title="Al-Naba">Al-Naba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amaq_News_Agency" title="Amaq News Agency">Amaq News Agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dar_al-Islam_(magazine)" title="Dar al-Islam (magazine)">Dar al-Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dabiq_(magazine)" title="Dabiq (magazine)">Dabiq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dawlat_al-Islam_Qamat" class="mw-redirect" title="Dawlat al-Islam Qamat">Dawlat al-Islam Qamat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huroof" title="Huroof">Huroof</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I%27lam_foundation" class="mw-redirect" title="I'lam foundation">I'lam foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Istok_(magazine)" title="Istok (magazine)">Istok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konstantiniyye_(magazine)" title="Konstantiniyye (magazine)">Konstantiniyye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rumiyah_(magazine)" title="Rumiyah (magazine)">Rumiyah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Fatihin_Magazine" title="Al-Fatihin Magazine">Al-Fatihin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salil_al-Sawarim" title="Salil al-Sawarim">Salil al-Sawarim</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Defeating_ISIS" title="Defeating ISIS">Defeating ISIS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISIS-chan" title="ISIS-chan">ISIS-chan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamism" title="Islamism">Islamism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Millenarianism" title="Millenarianism">Millenarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_violence_in_the_Iraqi_insurgency" title="Sexual violence in the Iraqi insurgency">Sexual violence in the Iraqi insurgency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shia%E2%80%93Sunni_relations" title="Shia–Sunni relations">Shia–Sunni relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_21st-century_jihadism" title="Slavery in 21st-century jihadism">Slavery in 21st-century jihadism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theocracy" title="Theocracy">Theocracy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="War_against_the_Islamic_State" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:International_military_intervention_against_the_Islamic_State" title="Template:International military intervention against the Islamic State"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:International_military_intervention_against_the_Islamic_State" title="Template talk:International military intervention against the Islamic State"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:International_military_intervention_against_the_Islamic_State" title="Special:EditPage/Template:International military intervention against the Islamic State"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="War_against_the_Islamic_State" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/War_against_the_Islamic_State" title="War against the Islamic State">War against the Islamic State</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Operations in Syria</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_intervention_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Iranian intervention in the Syrian civil war">Iranian intervention in the Syrian civil war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_American_rescue_mission_in_Syria" title="2014 American rescue mission in Syria">American rescue mission</a> (4 July 2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/US_intervention_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="US intervention in the Syrian civil war">US intervention in Syria</a> (22 September 2014 – present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordanian_intervention_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Jordanian intervention in the Syrian civil war">Jordanian intervention in Syria</a> (22 September 2014 – present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Euphrates_Shield" title="Operation Euphrates Shield">Turkish intervention in Syria</a> (24 August 2016 – 29 March 2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_intervention_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Russian intervention in the Syrian civil war">Russian intervention in Syria</a> (30 September 2015 – present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Op%C3%A9ration_Chammal" title="Opération Chammal">French intervention in Syria</a> (November 2015 – present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Shader" title="Operation Shader">British intervention in Syria</a> (2 December 2015 – present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_intervention_against_the_Islamic_State" title="German intervention against the Islamic State">German intervention in Syria</a> (4 December 2015 – 12 January 2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Dutch involvement in the Syrian civil war">Dutch involvement in the Syrian civil war</a> (29 January 2014 – present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Abu_Bakr_al-Baghdadi" title="Death of Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi">Barisha raid</a> (26–27 October 2019)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Operations in Iraq & Kurdistan Region</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_intervention_in_Iraq_(2014%E2%80%93present)" title="Iranian intervention in Iraq (2014–present)">Iranian-led intervention in Iraq</a> (13 June 2014 – present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/US-led_intervention_in_Iraq_(2014%E2%80%932021)" title="US-led intervention in Iraq (2014–2021)">American-led intervention in Iraq</a> (15 June 2014 – 9 December 2021) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Withdrawal_of_United_States_troops_from_Iraq_(2020%E2%80%932021)" title="Withdrawal of United States troops from Iraq (2020–2021)">withdrawal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Shader" title="Operation Shader">British intervention in Iraq</a> (9 August 2014 – present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Okra" title="Operation Okra">Australian intervention in Iraq</a> (31 August 2014 – present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Impact" title="Operation Impact">Canadian intervention in Iraq</a> (4 September 2014 – present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Op%C3%A9ration_Chammal" title="Opération Chammal">French intervention in Iraq</a> (19 September 2014 – present) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Turkey%E2%80%93Islamic_State_conflict" title="Turkey–Islamic State conflict">Turkey–Islamic State conflict</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_intervention_against_the_Islamic_State" title="German intervention against the Islamic State">German intervention in Iraq</a> (4 December 2015 – present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Operations in Libya</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/February_2015_Egyptian_airstrikes_in_Libya" title="February 2015 Egyptian airstrikes in Libya">Egyptian airstrikes in Libya</a> (16 February 2015)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Operations in Afghanistan</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_State%E2%80%93Taliban_conflict" title="Islamic State–Taliban conflict">Taliban security operations</a> (2015–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_in_Afghanistan_(2001%E2%80%932021)" title="War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)">American-led intervention in Afghanistan</a> (2015–2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Nangarhar_airstrike" title="2017 Nangarhar airstrike">2017 Nangarhar airstrike</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Battles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Iraq_offensive_(June_2014)" title="Northern Iraq offensive (June 2014)">Northern Iraq offensive (June 2014)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_Tikrit" title="First Battle of Tikrit">First Battle of Tikrit</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Iraq_offensive_(August_2014)" title="Northern Iraq offensive (August 2014)">Northern Iraq offensive (August 2014)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_for_Mosul_Dam" title="Battle for Mosul Dam">Battle for Mosul Dam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Zumar" title="Battle of Zumar">Battle of Zumar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinjar_massacre" title="Sinjar massacre">Sinjar massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Amirli" title="Siege of Amirli">Siege of Amirli</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Koban%C3%AE" title="Siege of Kobanî">Siege of Kobanî</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Suq_al_Ghazi" title="Battle of Suq al Ghazi">Battle of Suq al Ghazi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salahuddin_campaign" title="Salahuddin campaign">Salahuddin campaign (2014–2016)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Baiji_(2014%E2%80%932015)" title="Battle of Baiji (2014–2015)">Battle of Baiji (2014–2015)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ramadi_(2014%E2%80%932015)" title="Battle of Ramadi (2014–2015)">Battle of Ramadi (2014–2015)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Baiji_(2014%E2%80%932015)" title="Battle of Baiji (2014–2015)">Battle of Baiji (2014–2015)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_2014_Sinjar_offensive" title="December 2014 Sinjar offensive">December 2014 Sinjar offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derna_campaign_(2014%E2%80%932016)" title="Derna campaign (2014–2016)">Derna campaign (2014–2016)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_al-Hasakah_offensive" title="Eastern al-Hasakah offensive">Eastern al-Hasakah offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Tikrit" title="Second Battle of Tikrit">Second Battle of Tikrit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sarrin_(March%E2%80%93April_2015)" title="Battle of Sarrin (March–April 2015)">Battle of Sarrin (March–April 2015)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anbar_campaign_(2015%E2%80%932016)" title="Anbar campaign (2015–2016)">Anbar campaign (2015–2016)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palmyra_offensive_(May_2015)" title="Palmyra offensive (May 2015)">Palmyra offensive (May 2015)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_al-Hasakah_offensive" title="Western al-Hasakah offensive">Western al-Hasakah offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Hasakah_city_offensive" title="Al-Hasakah city offensive">Al-Hasakah city offensive (May–June 2015)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tell_Abyad_offensive" title="Tell Abyad offensive">Tell Abyad offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sarrin_(June%E2%80%93July_2015)" title="Battle of Sarrin (June–July 2015)">Battle of Sarrin (June–July 2015)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_al-Hasakah_(2015)" title="Battle of al-Hasakah (2015)">Battle of al-Hasakah (June–August 2015)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koban%C3%AE_massacre" title="Kobanî massacre">Kobanî massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ramadi_(2015%E2%80%932016)" title="Battle of Ramadi (2015–2016)">Battle of Ramadi (2015–2016)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_al-Hawl_offensive" title="2015 al-Hawl offensive">2015 al-Hawl offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_2015_Sinjar_offensive" title="November 2015 Sinjar offensive">November 2015 Sinjar offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nineveh_Plains_offensive" title="Nineveh Plains offensive">Nineveh Plains offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tishrin_Dam_offensive" title="Tishrin Dam offensive">Tishrin Dam offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Fallujah_(2016)" title="Siege of Fallujah (2016)">Siege of Fallujah (2016)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Shaddadi_offensive_(2016)" title="Al-Shaddadi offensive (2016)">Al-Shaddadi offensive (2016)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Aleppo_offensive_(March%E2%80%93June_2016)" title="Northern Aleppo offensive (March–June 2016)">Northern Aleppo offensive (March–June 2016)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hit_(2016)" title="Battle of Hit (2016)">Battle of Hit (2016)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shirqat_offensive_(2016)" title="Shirqat offensive (2016)">Mosul offensive (2016)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sirte_(2016)" title="Battle of Sirte (2016)">Battle of Sirte (2016)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ar-Rutbah_(2016)" title="Battle of Ar-Rutbah (2016)">Battle of Ar-Rutbah (2016)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Raqqa_offensive" title="Northern Raqqa offensive">Northern Raqqa offensive (May 2016)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Battle_of_Fallujah" title="Third Battle of Fallujah">Third Battle of Fallujah (2016)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manbij_offensive" title="Manbij offensive">Manbij offensive (2016)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Abu_Kamal_offensive" title="2016 Abu Kamal offensive">2016 Abu Kamal offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Euphrates_Shield" title="Operation Euphrates Shield">Operation Euphrates Shield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mosul_(2016%E2%80%932017)" title="Battle of Mosul (2016–2017)">Battle of Mosul (2016–2017)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raqqa_campaign_(2016%E2%80%932017)" title="Raqqa campaign (2016–2017)">Raqqa campaign (2016–2017)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tabqa" title="Battle of Tabqa">Battle of Tabqa (2017)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Raqqa_(2017)" title="Battle of Raqqa (2017)">Battle of Raqqa (2017)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Desert_campaign_(December_2016%E2%80%93April_2017)" title="Syrian Desert campaign (December 2016–April 2017)">Syrian Desert campaign (December 2016–April 2017)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tal_Afar_(2017)" title="Battle of Tal Afar (2017)">Battle of Tal Afar (2017)</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Deir ez-Zor campaign (2017–2019)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hawija" title="Battle of Hawija">Battle of Hawija (2017)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Western_Iraq_campaign" title="2017 Western Iraq campaign">2017 Western Iraq campaign</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Defeating_ISIS" title="Defeating ISIS">Defeating ISIS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_against_the_Islamic_State_aerial_order_of_battle" title="War against the Islamic State aerial order of battle">Aerial order of battle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_against_the_Islamic_State_ground_order_of_battle" title="War against the Islamic State ground order of battle">Ground order of battle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran_and_the_Islamic_State" title="Iran and the Islamic State">Iran and the Islamic State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Inherent_Resolve" title="Operation Inherent Resolve">Operation Inherent Resolve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_US_intervention_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Timeline of US intervention in the Syrian civil war">Timeline of US intervention in the Syrian civil war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_military_intervention_in_Cameroon" class="mw-redirect" title="American military intervention in Cameroon">American military intervention in Cameroon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Response_of_Saudi_Arabia_to_the_Islamic_State" title="Response of Saudi Arabia to the Islamic State">Response of Saudi Arabia to the Islamic State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collaboration_with_the_Islamic_State" title="Collaboration with the Islamic State">Collaborationism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_military_awards_and_decorations_of_the_international_military_intervention_against_the_Islamic_State" title="List of military awards and decorations of the international military intervention against the Islamic State">List of military awards and decorations of the international military intervention against the Islamic State</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/War_in_Iraq_(2013%E2%80%932017)" title="War in Iraq (2013–2017)">War in Iraq (2013–2017)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_civil_war" title="Syrian civil war">Syrian civil war</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Deir_ez-Zor_campaign_(2017–2019)&oldid=1256849854">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Deir_ez-Zor_campaign_(2017–2019)&oldid=1256849854</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Islamic_State_insurgency_in_Iraq_(2017%E2%80%93present)" title="Category:Islamic State insurgency in Iraq (2017–present)">Islamic State insurgency in Iraq (2017–present)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Military_operations_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_in_2017" title="Category:Military operations of the Syrian civil war in 2017">Military operations of the Syrian civil war in 2017</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Military_operations_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_in_2018" title="Category:Military operations of the Syrian civil war in 2018">Military operations of the Syrian civil war in 2018</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Military_operations_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_in_2019" title="Category:Military operations of the Syrian civil war in 2019">Military operations of the Syrian civil war in 2019</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Military_operations_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_involving_the_Islamic_State_of_Iraq_and_the_Levant" title="Category:Military operations of the Syrian civil war involving the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant">Military operations of the Syrian civil war involving the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Military_operations_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_involving_the_Syrian_Democratic_Forces" title="Category:Military operations of the Syrian civil war involving the Syrian Democratic Forces">Military operations of the Syrian civil war involving the Syrian Democratic Forces</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Military_operations_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_involving_the_United_States" title="Category:Military operations of the Syrian civil war involving the United States">Military operations of the Syrian civil war involving the United States</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:September_2017_events_in_Syria" title="Category:September 2017 events in Syria">September 2017 events in Syria</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Deir_ez-Zor_Governorate_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Category:Deir ez-Zor Governorate in the Syrian civil war">Deir ez-Zor Governorate in the Syrian civil war</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_dead_external_links" title="Category:All articles with dead external links">All articles with dead external links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_dead_external_links_from_February_2023" title="Category:Articles with dead external links from February 2023">Articles with dead external links from February 2023</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_permanently_dead_external_links" title="Category:Articles with permanently dead external links">Articles with permanently dead external links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Spanish-language_sources_(es)" title="Category:CS1 Spanish-language sources (es)">CS1 Spanish-language sources (es)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_French-language_sources_(fr)" title="Category:CS1 French-language sources (fr)">CS1 French-language sources (fr)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Arabic-language_sources_(ar)" title="Category:CS1 Arabic-language sources (ar)">CS1 Arabic-language sources (ar)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list">CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_errors:_generic_name" title="Category:CS1 errors: generic name">CS1 errors: generic name</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_archived_copy_as_title" title="Category:CS1 maint: archived copy as title">CS1 maint: archived copy as title</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_to_be_merged_from_August_2024" title="Category:Articles to be merged from August 2024">Articles to be merged from August 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_to_be_merged" title="Category:All articles to be merged">All articles to be merged</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_military_navigation_subgroups_without_wide_style" title="Category:Pages using military navigation subgroups without wide style">Pages using military navigation subgroups without wide style</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_November_2020" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from November 2020">Articles with unsourced statements from November 2020</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 11 November 2024, at 21:43 (UTC).</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Deir_ez-Zor_campaign_(2017%E2%80%932019)&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-6df7948d6c-pn5rt","wgBackendResponseTime":174,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"3.732","walltime":"4.177","ppvisitednodes":{"value":21525,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":1358496,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":45260,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":17,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":16,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":1325518,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 3347.651 1 -total"," 65.67% 2198.419 1 Template:Reflist"," 44.43% 1487.461 276 Template:Cite_web"," 15.97% 534.667 1 Template:Infobox_military_conflict"," 9.77% 327.010 66 Template:Cite_news"," 7.33% 245.314 1 Template:Campaignbox_Syrian_Civil_War"," 7.22% 241.830 1 Template:Military_navigation"," 3.01% 100.710 1 Template:Merge_from"," 2.95% 98.895 1 Template:Campaignbox_civil_uprising_phase_of_the_Syrian_Civil_War"," 2.89% 96.860 1 Template:Civil_conflict_sidebar"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"2.141","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":11081780,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-profile":[["?","540","22.5"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::callParserFunction","300","12.5"],["dataWrapper \u003Cmw.lua:672\u003E","260","10.8"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::getExpandedArgument","160","6.7"],["recursiveClone \u003CmwInit.lua:45\u003E","140","5.8"],["\u003Cmw.lua:694\u003E","120","5.0"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::gsub","100","4.2"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::getAllExpandedArguments","80","3.3"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::find","60","2.5"],["select_one \u003CModule:Citation/CS1/Utilities:426\u003E","60","2.5"],["[others]","580","24.2"]]},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-api-int.codfw.main-7f85796d66-jphhm","timestamp":"20241127125156","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Deir ez-Zor campaign (2017\u20132019)","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Deir_ez-Zor_campaign_(2017%E2%80%932019)","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q39899474","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q39899474","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2017-09-08T22:23:57Z","dateModified":"2024-11-11T21:43:58Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/5\/54\/Operation_Al-Jazeera_Storm_%282017-19%29.svg","headline":"military operation by Syrian Democratic Forces during the Syrian Civil War"}</script> </body> </html>