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id="toc-FlAsH-EDT2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#FlAsH-EDT2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>FlAsH-EDT2</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-FlAsH-EDT2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fluorescence-assisted_cancer_surgery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fluorescence-assisted_cancer_surgery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Fluorescence-assisted cancer surgery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fluorescence-assisted_cancer_surgery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Industrial_activities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Industrial_activities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Industrial activities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Industrial_activities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Personal_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personal_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Personal life</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Personal_life-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Personal life subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Personal_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Death" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Death"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Death</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Death-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Awards_and_honors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Awards_and_honors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Awards and honors</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Awards_and_honors-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Awards and honors subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Awards_and_honors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Named_lectures_and_lectureships" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Named_lectures_and_lectureships"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Named lectures and lectureships</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Named_lectures_and_lectureships-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Roger Y. Tsien</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 59 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-59" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">59 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AC%D8%B1_%D8%AA%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86" title="روجر تسيان – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="روجر تسيان" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rocer_Tsen" title="Rocer Tsen – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Rocer Tsen" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%B1_%D8%AA%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%86" title="راجر تسین – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="راجر تسین" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%93%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87._%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8" title="রজার ওয়াই. তিসিয়েন – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="রজার ওয়াই. তিসিয়েন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_Y._Tsien" title="Roger Y. Tsien – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Roger Y. Tsien" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B6%D1%8D%D1%80_%D0%A6%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Роджэр Цьсен – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Роджэр Цьсен" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B6%D1%8A%D1%80_%D0%A6%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Роджър Циен – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Роджър Циен" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_Yonchien_Tsien" title="Roger Yonchien Tsien – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Roger Yonchien Tsien" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_Tsien" title="Roger Tsien – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Roger Tsien" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_Tsien" title="Roger Tsien – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Roger Tsien" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_Tsien" title="Roger Tsien – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Roger Tsien" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_Y._Tsien" title="Roger Y. Tsien – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Roger Y. Tsien" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_Y._Tsien" title="Roger Y. Tsien – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Roger Y. Tsien" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%B1_%D8%AA%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%86" title="راجر تسین – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="راجر تسین" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_Tsien" title="Roger Tsien – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Roger Tsien" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_Y._Tsien" title="Roger Y. Tsien – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Roger Y. Tsien" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_Y._Tsien" title="Roger Y. Tsien – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Roger Y. Tsien" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chhi%C3%A8n_Y%C3%BAn-khien" title="Chhièn Yún-khien – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Chhièn Yún-khien" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A1%9C%EC%A0%80_%EC%B2%B8" title="로저 첸 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="로저 첸" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8C%D5%B8%D5%BB%D5%A5%D6%80_%D5%91%D5%AB%D5%A5%D5%B6" title="Ռոջեր Ցիեն – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ռոջեր Ցիեն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_Yonchien_Tsien" title="Roger Yonchien Tsien – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Roger Yonchien Tsien" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_Tsien" title="Roger Tsien – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Roger Tsien" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_Tsien" title="Roger Tsien – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Roger Tsien" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%92%27%D7%A8_%D7%98%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9F" title="רוג'ר טסיין – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="רוג'ר טסיין" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%AF%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0_%E1%83%AA%E1%83%98%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="როჯერ ციენი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="როჯერ ციენი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_Tsien" title="Roger Tsien – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Roger Tsien" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rogerius_Yonchien_Tsien" title="Rogerius Yonchien Tsien – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Rogerius Yonchien Tsien" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_Tsien" title="Roger Tsien – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Roger Tsien" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_Y._Tsien" title="Roger Y. Tsien – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Roger Y. Tsien" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%AF%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0_%E1%83%AA%E1%83%98%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="როჯერ ციენი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="როჯერ ციენი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AC%D8%B1_%D8%AA%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86" title="روجر تسيان – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="روجر تسيان" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%B1_%D8%AA%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%86" title="راجر تسین – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="راجر تسین" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_Tsien" title="Roger Tsien – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Roger Tsien" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_Tsien" title="Roger Tsien – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Roger Tsien" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AD%E3%82%B8%E3%83%A3%E3%83%BC%E3%83%BBY%E3%83%BB%E3%83%81%E3%82%A8%E3%83%B3" title="ロジャー・Y・チエン – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ロジャー・Y・チエン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_Tsien" title="Roger Tsien – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Roger Tsien" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_Y._Tsien" title="Roger Y. Tsien – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Roger Y. Tsien" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%B1_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%86" title="راجر سائن – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="راجر سائن" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_Yonchien_Tsien" title="Roger Yonchien Tsien – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Roger Yonchien Tsien" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_Tsien" title="Roger Tsien – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Roger Tsien" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_Tsien" title="Roger Tsien – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Roger Tsien" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_Tsien" title="Roger Tsien – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Roger Tsien" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%BD,_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Тсиен, Роджер – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Тсиен, Роджер" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_Y._Tsien" title="Roger Y. Tsien – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Roger Y. Tsien" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_Y._Tsien" title="Roger Y. Tsien – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Roger Y. Tsien" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_Tsien" title="Roger Tsien – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Roger Tsien" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%9F%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Роџер Чен – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Роџер Чен" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_Y._Tsien" title="Roger Y. Tsien – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Roger Y. Tsien" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_Y._Tsien" title="Roger Y. Tsien – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Roger Y. Tsien" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_Tsien" title="Roger Tsien – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Roger Tsien" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_Y._Tsien" title="Roger Y. Tsien – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Roger Y. Tsien" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%9C%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%92%E0%AE%AF%E0%AF%8D._%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D" title="ரோஜர் ஒய். சியன் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ரோஜர் ஒய். சியன்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D2%97%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%A2%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Роҗер Тсиен – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Роҗер Тсиен" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_Tsien" title="Roger Tsien – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Roger Tsien" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%A6%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%8C" title="Роджер Цянь – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Роджер Цянь" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%B1_%D9%B9%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%86" title="راجر ٹسین – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="راجر ٹسین" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_Y._Tsien" title="Roger Y. Tsien – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Roger Y. Tsien" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_Y._Tsien" title="Roger Y. Tsien – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Roger Y. Tsien" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%92%B1%E6%B0%B8%E5%81%A5" title="钱永健 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="钱永健" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q200470#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Roger Tsien</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-size:125%;">錢永健</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Roger_Tsien-press_conference_Dec_07th,_2008-2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Roger_Tsien-press_conference_Dec_07th%2C_2008-2.jpg/220px-Roger_Tsien-press_conference_Dec_07th%2C_2008-2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="322" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Roger_Tsien-press_conference_Dec_07th%2C_2008-2.jpg/330px-Roger_Tsien-press_conference_Dec_07th%2C_2008-2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Roger_Tsien-press_conference_Dec_07th%2C_2008-2.jpg/440px-Roger_Tsien-press_conference_Dec_07th%2C_2008-2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2101" data-file-height="3073" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Tsien in 2008</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Roger Yonchien Tsien</div><br /><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1952-02-01</span>)</span>February 1, 1952<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace">New York City, U.S.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">August 24, 2016<span style="display:none">(2016-08-24)</span> (aged 64)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Eugene,_Oregon" title="Eugene, Oregon">Eugene, Oregon</a>, U.S.<sup id="cite_ref-wendy_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wendy-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Education</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard University</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Arts" title="Bachelor of Arts">BA</a>)</li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Churchill_College,_Cambridge" title="Churchill College, Cambridge">Churchill College, Cambridge</a></span> (<a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Philosophy" title="Doctor of Philosophy">PhD</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Known for</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Green_fluorescent_protein" title="Green fluorescent protein">Green fluorescent protein</a><sup id="cite_ref-gfparb_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gfparb-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calcium_imaging" title="Calcium imaging">Calcium imaging</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data">Wendy Globe<sup id="cite_ref-wendy_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wendy-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Awards</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Chemistry" title="Nobel Prize in Chemistry">Nobel Prize in Chemistry</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Physiological_Society_Annual_Review_Prize_Lecture" title="Physiological Society Annual Review Prize Lecture">Physiological Society Annual Review Prize Lecture</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Goose_Award" title="Golden Goose Award">Golden Goose Award</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/E._B._Wilson_Medal" class="mw-redirect" title="E. B. Wilson Medal">E. B. Wilson Medal</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosenstiel_Award" title="Rosenstiel Award">Rosenstiel Award</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fellow_of_the_Royal_Society" title="Fellow of the Royal Society">ForMemRS</a> (2006)<sup id="cite_ref-frs_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-frs-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolf_Prize_in_Medicine" title="Wolf Prize in Medicine">Wolf Prize in Medicine</a> (2004)<sup id="cite_ref-wolf_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wolf-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keio_Medical_Science_Prize" title="Keio Medical Science Prize">Keio Medical Science Prize</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/EMBO_Membership" title="EMBO Membership">EMBO Membership</a> (2005)<sup id="cite_ref-membo_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-membo-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dr_A.H._Heineken_Prize" class="mw-redirect" title="Dr A.H. Heineken Prize">Dr A.H. Heineken Prize</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artois-Baillet_Latour_Health_Prize" class="mw-redirect" title="Artois-Baillet Latour Health Prize">Artois-Baillet Latour Health Prize</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gairdner_Foundation_International_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Gairdner Foundation International Award">Gairdner Foundation International Award</a> (1995)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><b>Scientific career</b></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Fields</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Biochemistry" title="Biochemistry">Biochemistry</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Institutions</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_San_Diego" title="University of California, San Diego">University of California, San Diego</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Berkeley" title="University of California, Berkeley">University of California, Berkeley</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Thesis" title="Thesis">Thesis</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.475593">The design and use of organic chemical tools in cellular physiology</a></i> <span style="font-size:97%;">(1976)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Doctoral_advisor" title="Doctoral advisor">Doctoral advisor</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Adrian" class="mw-redirect" title="Richard Adrian">Richard Adrian</a><sup id="cite_ref-tsienphd_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tsienphd-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Doctoral students</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Z._Lin" title="Michael Z. Lin">Michael Z. Lin</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr style="display:none;"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #b0c4de;">Chinese name</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">Traditional Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant" style="font-size: 1rem;">錢永健</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">Simplified Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans" style="font-size: 1rem;">钱永健</span></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox-subbox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="display:inline-table; text-align: left;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%; text-align: left;color: #202122; background-color: #f9ffbc;">Transcriptions</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Standard_Chinese" title="Standard Chinese">Standard Mandarin</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hanyu_Pinyin" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanyu Pinyin">Hanyu Pinyin</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Qián Yǒngjiàn</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Wade%E2%80%93Giles" title="Wade–Giles">Wade–Giles</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Ch'ien Yung-chien</span></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tsienlab.ucsd.edu">www<wbr />.tsienlab<wbr />.ucsd<wbr />.edu</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Roger Yonchien Tsien</b> (Chinese: 錢永健; pronounced <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/tʃ/: 'ch' in 'China'">tʃ</span><span title="/ɛ/: 'e' in 'dress'">ɛ</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span></span>/</a></span></span>, "<i><a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key">CHEN</a></i>"<i>;</i> February 1, 1952 – August 24, 2016) was an American <a href="/wiki/Biochemist" title="Biochemist">biochemist</a>. He was a professor of chemistry and biochemistry at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_San_Diego" title="University of California, San Diego">University of California, San Diego</a><sup id="cite_ref-Tsien_UCSD_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tsien_UCSD-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and was awarded the <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Chemistry" title="Nobel Prize in Chemistry">Nobel Prize in Chemistry</a> in 2008 for his discovery and development of the <a href="/wiki/Green_fluorescent_protein" title="Green fluorescent protein">green fluorescent protein</a>, in collaboration with <a href="/wiki/Organic_chemist" class="mw-redirect" title="Organic chemist">organic chemist</a> <a href="/wiki/Osamu_Shimomura" title="Osamu Shimomura">Osamu Shimomura</a> and <a href="/wiki/Neurobiologist" class="mw-redirect" title="Neurobiologist">neurobiologist</a> <a href="/wiki/Martin_Chalfie" title="Martin Chalfie">Martin Chalfie</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2008_Nobel_Chemistry_Prize_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2008_Nobel_Chemistry_Prize-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NobelLecture_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NobelLecture-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Tsien2010_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tsien2010-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tsien was also a pioneer of <a href="/wiki/Calcium_imaging" title="Calcium imaging">calcium imaging</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-NobelLecture_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NobelLecture-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-rudolf_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rudolf-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roger_Y._Tsien&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Krugman-Tsien-Chalfie-Shimomura-Kobayashi-Masukawa-press_conference_Dec_07th,_2008-1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Krugman-Tsien-Chalfie-Shimomura-Kobayashi-Masukawa-press_conference_Dec_07th%2C_2008-1.jpg/220px-Krugman-Tsien-Chalfie-Shimomura-Kobayashi-Masukawa-press_conference_Dec_07th%2C_2008-1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Krugman-Tsien-Chalfie-Shimomura-Kobayashi-Masukawa-press_conference_Dec_07th%2C_2008-1.jpg/330px-Krugman-Tsien-Chalfie-Shimomura-Kobayashi-Masukawa-press_conference_Dec_07th%2C_2008-1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Krugman-Tsien-Chalfie-Shimomura-Kobayashi-Masukawa-press_conference_Dec_07th%2C_2008-1.jpg/440px-Krugman-Tsien-Chalfie-Shimomura-Kobayashi-Masukawa-press_conference_Dec_07th%2C_2008-1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3327" data-file-height="2299" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Paul_Krugman" title="Paul Krugman">Paul Krugman</a>, Roger Tsien, <a href="/wiki/Martin_Chalfie" title="Martin Chalfie">Martin Chalfie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Osamu_Shimomura" title="Osamu Shimomura">Osamu Shimomura</a>, <a href="/wiki/Makoto_Kobayashi_(physicist)" class="mw-redirect" title="Makoto Kobayashi (physicist)">Makoto Kobayashi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Toshihide_Masukawa" class="mw-redirect" title="Toshihide Masukawa">Toshihide Masukawa</a>, Nobel Prize Laureates 2008, at a press conference at the <a href="/wiki/Swedish_Academy_of_Science" class="mw-redirect" title="Swedish Academy of Science">Swedish Academy of Science</a> in Stockholm.</figcaption></figure> <p>Tsien was born to a <a href="/wiki/Chinese_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese American">Chinese American</a> family in New York, in 1952.<sup id="cite_ref-JBC_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JBC-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He grew up in <a href="/wiki/Livingston,_New_Jersey" title="Livingston, New Jersey">Livingston, New Jersey</a><sup id="cite_ref-JBC_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JBC-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and attended <a href="/wiki/Livingston_High_School_(New_Jersey)" title="Livingston High School (New Jersey)">Livingston High School</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tsien traces his family ancestry to <a href="/wiki/Hangzhou" title="Hangzhou">Hangzhou</a>, <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>. His father <a href="/wiki/Hsue-Chu_Tsien" title="Hsue-Chu Tsien">Hsue-Chu Tsien</a>, an <a href="/wiki/MIT" class="mw-redirect" title="MIT">MIT</a> and <a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Chiao_Tung_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Shanghai Chiao Tung University">Shanghai Chiao Tung University</a> alumnus, was a <a href="/wiki/Mechanical_engineering" title="Mechanical engineering">mechanical</a> <a href="/wiki/Engineer" title="Engineer">engineer</a> and had excelled academically, graduating at the top of his university class. </p><p>Tsien suffered from asthma as a child, and as a result, he was often indoors. He spent hours conducting chemistry experiments in his basement laboratory. When he was 16, he won first prize in the nationwide <a href="/wiki/Intel_Science_Talent_Search" class="mw-redirect" title="Intel Science Talent Search">Westinghouse Talent Search</a> with a project investigating how metals bind to <a href="/wiki/Thiocyanate" title="Thiocyanate">thiocyanate</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-JBC_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JBC-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Education">Education</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roger_Y._Tsien&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Tsien attended <a href="/wiki/Harvard_College" title="Harvard College">Harvard College</a> on a <a href="/wiki/National_Merit_Scholarship" class="mw-redirect" title="National Merit Scholarship">National Merit Scholarship</a>, where he was elected to <a href="/wiki/Phi_Beta_Kappa" title="Phi Beta Kappa">Phi Beta Kappa</a> as a junior.<sup id="cite_ref-Tsien_Phi_Beta_Kappa_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tsien_Phi_Beta_Kappa-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He graduated <a href="/wiki/Summa_cum_laude" class="mw-redirect" title="Summa cum laude"><i>summa cum laude</i></a> with a Bachelor of Arts in <a href="/wiki/Chemistry" title="Chemistry">chemistry</a> and <a href="/wiki/Physics" title="Physics">physics</a> in 1972.<sup id="cite_ref-UCSD_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UCSD-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to his freshman-year roommate, economist and Iowa politician <a href="/wiki/Herman_Quirmbach" title="Herman Quirmbach">Herman Quirmbach</a>, "It's probably not an exaggeration to say he's the smartest person I ever met ... [a]nd I have met a lot of brilliant people."<sup id="cite_ref-Tsien_Harvard_Alumni_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tsien_Harvard_Alumni-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After completing his bachelor's degree, Tsien joined the <a href="/wiki/Department_of_Physiology,_Development_and_Neuroscience,_University_of_Cambridge" title="Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge">Physiological Laboratory</a> at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Cambridge" title="University of Cambridge">University of Cambridge</a> in <a href="/wiki/Cambridge" title="Cambridge">Cambridge</a>, <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a> with the aid of a <a href="/wiki/Marshall_Scholarship" title="Marshall Scholarship">Marshall Scholarship</a>, and resided at <a href="/wiki/Churchill_College,_Cambridge" title="Churchill College, Cambridge">Churchill College, Cambridge</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Tsien_Cambridge_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tsien_Cambridge-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He received his <a href="/wiki/Ph.D." class="mw-redirect" title="Ph.D.">Ph.D.</a> in <a href="/wiki/Physiology" title="Physiology">physiology</a> in 1977 for research on <i>The Design and Use of Organic Chemical Tools in Cellular Physiology</i> <sup id="cite_ref-tsienphd_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tsienphd-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> formally supervised by <a href="/wiki/Richard_Adrian,_2nd_Baron_Adrian" title="Richard Adrian, 2nd Baron Adrian">Richard Adrian</a> in the department of physiology and assisted by Andy Holmes, Gerry Smith and <a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Sanders" title="Jeremy Sanders">Jeremy Sanders</a> in the department of chemistry.<sup id="cite_ref-Tsien_Cambridge_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tsien_Cambridge-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Research_and_career">Research and career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roger_Y._Tsien&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Research and career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Following his Ph.D., Tsien was a research fellow at <a href="/wiki/Gonville_and_Caius_College,_Cambridge" title="Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge">Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge</a>, from 1977 to 1981.<sup id="cite_ref-Tsien_Cambridge_17-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tsien_Cambridge-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was appointed to the faculty at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Berkeley" title="University of California, Berkeley">University of California, Berkeley</a>, from 1982 to 1989.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Beginning in 1989, he worked at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_San_Diego" title="University of California, San Diego">University of California, San Diego</a>, as professor of pharmacology and professor of chemistry and biochemistry,<sup id="cite_ref-Tsien_UCSD_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tsien_UCSD-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and as an investigator of the <a href="/wiki/Howard_Hughes_Medical_Institute" title="Howard Hughes Medical Institute">Howard Hughes Medical Institute</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Tsien_HHMI_Abstract_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tsien_HHMI_Abstract-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Tsien_HHMI_Bio_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tsien_HHMI_Bio-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Tsien contributed to the fields of cell biology and neurobiology by discovering genetically programmable fluorescent tags, thereby allowing scientists to watch the behavior of molecules in living cells in real time. He also developed fluorescent indicators of <a href="/wiki/Calcium" title="Calcium">calcium</a> ions and other ions important in biological processes. </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:GFP_Fluorescent_Protein_Movie.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/GFP_Fluorescent_Protein_Movie.gif/329px-GFP_Fluorescent_Protein_Movie.gif" decoding="async" width="329" height="420" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/GFP_Fluorescent_Protein_Movie.gif/493px-GFP_Fluorescent_Protein_Movie.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/64/GFP_Fluorescent_Protein_Movie.gif 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="766" /></a><figcaption>GFP Movie showing entire structure and zoom in to fluorescent chromophore. Movie created by Erik A. Rodriguez with UCSF <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cgl.ucsf.edu/chimera/">Chimera</a> from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore/explore.do?structureId=1EMA">PDB: 1EMA</a> in memory of Roger Y. Tsien for <a href="/wiki/Birch_Aquarium" title="Birch Aquarium">Birch Aquarium.</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In 2004, Tsien was awarded the <a href="/wiki/Wolf_Prize_in_Medicine" title="Wolf Prize in Medicine">Wolf Prize in Medicine</a> "for his seminal contribution to the design and biological application of novel fluorescent and photolabile molecules to analyze and perturb cell signal transduction."<sup id="cite_ref-Tsien_Wolf_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tsien_Wolf-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2008, Tsien shared the Nobel Prize in Chemistry with <a href="/wiki/Osamu_Shimomura" title="Osamu Shimomura">Osamu Shimomura</a> and <a href="/wiki/Martin_Chalfie" title="Martin Chalfie">Martin Chalfie</a> for "the green fluorescent protein: discovery, expression and development."<sup id="cite_ref-2008_Nobel_Chemistry_Prize_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2008_Nobel_Chemistry_Prize-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-GFP_Nobel_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GFP_Nobel-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fluorescent_proteins">Fluorescent proteins</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roger_Y._Tsien&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Fluorescent proteins"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The multicolored <a href="/wiki/Green_fluorescent_protein" title="Green fluorescent protein">fluorescent proteins</a> developed in Tsien's lab are used by scientists to track where and when certain genes are expressed in cells or in whole organisms. Typically, the gene coding for a protein of interest is fused with the gene for a fluorescent protein, which causes the protein of interest to glow inside the cell when the cell is irradiated with a suitable wavelength of light and allows microscopists to track its location in real time. This is such a popular technique that it has added a new dimension to the fields of molecular biology, cell biology, and biochemistry.<sup id="cite_ref-NobelLecture_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NobelLecture-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Since the discovery of the <a href="/wiki/Wild_type" title="Wild type">wild type</a> <a href="/wiki/Green_fluorescent_protein" title="Green fluorescent protein">GFP</a>, numerous different mutants of GFP have been engineered and tested.<sup id="cite_ref-Shaner_2005_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shaner_2005-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first significant leap forward was a <a href="/wiki/Point_mutation" title="Point mutation">single point mutation</a> (S65T) reported by Tsien in 1995 in <i>Nature</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Heim_1995_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Heim_1995-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This mutation dramatically improved the fluorescent (both <a href="/wiki/Intensity_(physics)" title="Intensity (physics)">intensity</a> and <a href="/wiki/Photobleaching" title="Photobleaching">photostability</a>) and spectral characteristics of GFP. A shift of the major excitation peak to 488 nm with the emission peak staying at 509 nm thus can be clearly observed, which matched very well the spectral characteristics of commonly available <a href="/wiki/Fluorescein" title="Fluorescein">FITC</a> facilities. All these then largely amplified the practicality of using GFP by scientists in their research. Tsien mainly contributed to much of our understanding of how GFP works and for developing new techniques and mutants of GFP. </p><p>Former trainees of Roger Y. Tsien include Atsushi Miyawaki and <a href="/wiki/Alice_Y._Ting" title="Alice Y. Ting">Alice Y. Ting</a>. </p><p>Timelines of GFP-development involved by Tsien:<sup id="cite_ref-GFP_Nobel_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GFP_Nobel-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>1994: Tsien showed the mechanism that GFP <a href="/wiki/Chromophore" title="Chromophore">chromophore</a> is formed in a chemical reaction which requires <a href="/wiki/Oxygen" title="Oxygen">oxygen</a> but without help from the other proteins.</li> <li>1994–1998: Tsien and collaborators made various GFP mutants by genetic modification and structural tweaking. Newly created variants of GFP can shine more brightly and show different colours, such as yellow, cyan, and blue.</li> <li>2000–2002: Tsien produced monomeric variants of DsRED, which can glow in shades of red, pink, and orange. Remarkably, since then complicated marcromolecular networks of living organisms can be labelled or marked by using "all the colours of the rainbow".</li></ul> <p>Other detailed highlights involved by Tsien:<sup id="cite_ref-GFP_Timeline_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GFP_Timeline-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>2002: The critical structural difference between GFP and DsRed was revealed. One extra double-bond in the chromophore of DsRed extends its conjugation thus causes the red-shift.</li> <li>2002: Monomeric DsRed (mRFP) was first developed.</li> <li>2004: New "fruit" FPs were generated (by <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> directed evolutions).</li></ul> <p>In 2009, a new kind of Infrared Fluorescent Protein (IFP) was developed by Tsien's group, and further reported and described by <i><a href="/wiki/Science_(journal)" title="Science (journal)">Science</a></i>. The new IFPs are developed from <a href="/wiki/Bacterial" class="mw-redirect" title="Bacterial">bacterial</a> <a href="/wiki/Phytochrome" title="Phytochrome">phytochromes</a> instead of from <a href="/wiki/Multicellular_organism" title="Multicellular organism">multicellular organism</a> like <a href="/wiki/Jellyfish" title="Jellyfish">jellyfish</a>. Under normal conditions, bacterial phytochromes absorb light for signaling instead of fluorescence, but they can be turned fluorescent after deleting some of the signaling parts by <a href="/wiki/Genetics" title="Genetics">genetic</a> means such as <a href="/wiki/Site-directed_mutagenesis" title="Site-directed mutagenesis">site-directed mutagenesis</a>. In order to fluoresce, IFPs require an exogenous <a href="/wiki/Chromophore" title="Chromophore">chromophore</a>, <a href="/wiki/Biliverdin" title="Biliverdin">biliverdin</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2016, a new class of <a href="/wiki/Fluorescent_protein" title="Fluorescent protein">fluorescent protein</a> was evolved from a <a href="/wiki/Cyanobacteria" title="Cyanobacteria">cyanobacterial</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Trichodesmium_erythraeum" title="Trichodesmium erythraeum">Trichodesmium erythraeum</a></i>) <a href="/wiki/Phycobiliprotein" title="Phycobiliprotein">phycobiliprotein</a>, α-<a href="/wiki/Allophycocyanin" title="Allophycocyanin">allophycocyanin</a>, and named small ultra red fluorescent protein (<a href="/wiki/SmURFP" title="SmURFP">smURFP</a>). <a href="/wiki/SmURFP" title="SmURFP">smURFP</a> <a href="/wiki/Catalysis" title="Catalysis">autocatalytically</a> self-incorporates the <a href="/wiki/Chromophore" title="Chromophore">chromophore</a> <a href="/wiki/Biliverdin" title="Biliverdin">biliverdin</a> without the need of an external <a href="/wiki/Protein" title="Protein">protein</a>, known as a <a href="/wiki/Lyase" title="Lyase">lyase</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Jellyfish" title="Jellyfish">Jellyfish</a>- and <a href="/wiki/Coral" title="Coral">coral</a>-derived fluorescent proteins require <a href="/wiki/Oxygen" title="Oxygen">oxygen</a> and produce a <a href="/wiki/Stoichiometry" title="Stoichiometry">stoichiometric</a> amount of <a href="/wiki/Hydrogen_peroxide" title="Hydrogen peroxide">hydrogen peroxide</a> upon <a href="/wiki/Chromophore" title="Chromophore">chromophore</a> formation.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/SmURFP" title="SmURFP">smURFP</a> does not require <a href="/wiki/Oxygen" title="Oxygen">oxygen</a> or produce <a href="/wiki/Hydrogen_peroxide" title="Hydrogen peroxide">hydrogen peroxide</a> and uses the <a href="/wiki/Chromophore" title="Chromophore">chromophore</a>, <a href="/wiki/Biliverdin" title="Biliverdin">biliverdin</a>. <a href="/wiki/SmURFP" title="SmURFP">smURFP</a> has a large <a href="/wiki/Molar_attenuation_coefficient" class="mw-redirect" title="Molar attenuation coefficient">extinction coefficient</a> (180,000 M<sup>−1</sup> cm<sup>−1</sup>) and has a modest <a href="/wiki/Quantum_yield" title="Quantum yield">quantum yield</a> (0.20), which makes it comparable biophysical brightness to <a href="/wiki/EGFP" class="mw-redirect" title="EGFP">eGFP</a> and ~2-fold brighter than most red or far-red <a href="/wiki/Fluorescent_protein" title="Fluorescent protein">fluorescent proteins</a> derived from <a href="/wiki/Coral" title="Coral">coral</a>. <a href="/wiki/SmURFP" title="SmURFP">smURFP</a> spectral properties are similar to the organic dye <a href="/wiki/Cy5" class="mw-redirect" title="Cy5">Cy5</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Next_generation_sequencing">Next generation sequencing</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roger_Y._Tsien&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Next generation sequencing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Roger Tsien built the foundation of next generation sequencing technology that became widely used. On 26 October 1990, <a href="/wiki/Roger_Tsien" class="mw-redirect" title="Roger Tsien">Roger Tsien</a> <i>et al.</i> filed a patent of stepwise ("base-by-base") sequencing with removable 3' blockers on DNA arrays. Illumina integrated this concept with DNA cloning for their next generation sequencer.<sup id="cite_ref-TsienPatent_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TsienPatent-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Calcium_imaging">Calcium imaging</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roger_Y._Tsien&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Calcium imaging"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Tsien was a pioneer of <a href="/wiki/Calcium_imaging" title="Calcium imaging">calcium imaging</a> and known for developing various dyes which become fluorescent in the presence of particular ions such as calcium.<sup id="cite_ref-NobelLecture_9-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NobelLecture-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-rudolf_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rudolf-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One such dye, <a href="/wiki/Fura-2" title="Fura-2">fura-2</a>, is widely used to track changes of calcium concentration within cells. <a href="/wiki/Indo-1" title="Indo-1">indo-1</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fluo-3" title="Fluo-3">fluo-3</a>, other popular calcium indicators, were also developed by Tsien's group in 1985 and 1989 respectively. He has also developed fluorescent indicators for other ions such as magnesium, zinc, copper, iron, lead, cadmium, aluminum, nickel, cobalt, and mercury.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Aequorin" title="Aequorin">Aequorin</a> is also a useful tool to indicate calcium level inside cells; however, it has some limitations, primarily is that its prosthetic group coelenterazine is consumed irreversibly when emits light, thus requires continuous addition of coelenterazine into the media. To overcome such issues, Tsien's group also developed the <a href="/wiki/Calmodulin" title="Calmodulin">calmodulin</a>-based sensor, named <a href="/wiki/Cameleon_(protein)" title="Cameleon (protein)">Cameleon</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="FlAsH-EDT2">FlAsH-EDT2</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roger_Y._Tsien&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: FlAsH-EDT2"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/FlAsH-EDT2" title="FlAsH-EDT2">FlAsH-EDT2</a> is a biochemical method for specific covalent labeling of proteins harboring a tetracysteine motif (CCXXCC). It's a method based on recombinant protein molecules, and was developed by Tsien and his colleagues in 1998.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>"FLASH-EDT2": <b>Fl</b>uorescein <b>a</b>r<b>s</b>enical <b>h</b>elix binder, <b>bis</b>-<b>EDT</b> adduct,</li> <li>"EDT": 1,2-ethanedithiol.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fluorescence-assisted_cancer_surgery">Fluorescence-assisted cancer surgery</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roger_Y._Tsien&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Fluorescence-assisted cancer surgery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Mouse experiments by Tsien's group suggest that cancer surgery can be guided and assisted by fluorescent <a href="/wiki/Peptide" title="Peptide">peptides</a>. The peptides are used as probes, and are harmless to living tissues and organs. Their lifetime in the body is only 4 or 5 days. <a href="/wiki/Clinical_trial" title="Clinical trial">Clinical trials</a> are awaited.<sup id="cite_ref-Tsien_PNAS_2009_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tsien_PNAS_2009-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Industrial_activities">Industrial activities</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roger_Y._Tsien&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Industrial activities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Tsien was also a notable biochemical inventor and held or coheld about 100 patents till 2010. In 1996, Tsien cofounded the Aurora Biosciences Corporation, which went public in 1997. In 2001, Aurora was acquired by the <a href="/wiki/Vertex_Pharmaceuticals" title="Vertex Pharmaceuticals">Vertex Pharmaceuticals</a>. Similarly, Tsien was also a scientific cofounder of <a href="/wiki/Senomyx" title="Senomyx">Senomyx</a> in 1999.<sup id="cite_ref-JBC_12-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JBC-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Tsien also promoted science education to promising young scientists through the first-ever San Diego Science Festival Lunch with a Laureate Program.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roger_Y._Tsien&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Personal life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Tsien is a 34th-generational <a href="/wiki/Lineal_descendant" title="Lineal descendant">descendant</a> of the King of <a href="/wiki/Wuyue" title="Wuyue">Wuyüeh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Qian_Liu" title="Qian Liu">Tsien Liu</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Tsien_ancestry_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tsien_ancestry-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tsien's parents Hsue-Chu Tsien and Yi-Ying Li (李懿穎) came from <a href="/wiki/Hangzhou" title="Hangzhou">Hangzhou</a> and Beijing, respectively. </p><p>Tsien had a number of engineers in his extended family, including his father <a href="/wiki/Hsue-Chu_Tsien" title="Hsue-Chu Tsien">Hsue-Chu Tsien</a> who was an <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Institute_of_Technology" title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">MIT</a>-educated <a href="/wiki/Mechanical_engineer" class="mw-redirect" title="Mechanical engineer">mechanical engineer</a> and his mother's brothers Y. T. Li (李耀滋) and Shihying Lee (李詩穎), who were engineering professors at MIT. Tsien's mother Yi-Ying Li was a nurse.<sup id="cite_ref-UCSD_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UCSD-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The famous rocket scientist <a href="/wiki/Tsien_Hsue-shen" class="mw-redirect" title="Tsien Hsue-shen">Tsien Hsue-shen</a>, regarded as the cofounding father of the <a href="/wiki/Jet_Propulsion_Laboratory" title="Jet Propulsion Laboratory">Jet Propulsion Laboratory</a> of the <a href="/wiki/California_Institute_of_Technology" title="California Institute of Technology">California Institute of Technology</a> and, later, the director of the Chinese <a href="/wiki/Ballistic_missile" title="Ballistic missile">ballistic-missile</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chinese_space_program" title="Chinese space program">space</a> programs, is a cousin of Tsien's father.<sup id="cite_ref-Williams_2007_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Williams_2007-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Tsien was the younger brother of <a href="/wiki/Richard_W._Tsien" title="Richard W. Tsien">Richard Tsien</a>, a renowned neurobiologist at <a href="/wiki/New_York_University" title="New York University">New York University</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-MaLi2015_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MaLi2015-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Louis Tsien, a software engineer. Tsien, who called his own work molecular engineering, once said, "I'm doomed by heredity to do this kind of work."<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He was married to Wendy Globe.<sup id="cite_ref-wendy_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wendy-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Death">Death</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roger_Y._Tsien&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Tsien died on August 24, 2016.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although the specific cause of death was not disclosed, it was reported that he died while on a bike trail in <a href="/wiki/Eugene,_Oregon" title="Eugene, Oregon">Eugene, Oregon</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-lippard_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lippard-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Prior to his death, Tsien had survived <a href="/wiki/Cancer" title="Cancer">cancer</a> and suffered a <a href="/wiki/Stroke" title="Stroke">stroke</a> in 2013.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>"He was ahead of us all," said Tsien's wife, Wendy. "He was ever the adventurer, the pathfinder, the free and soaring spirit. Courage, determination, creativity and resourcefulness were hallmarks of his character. He accomplished much. He will not be forgotten."<sup id="cite_ref-UCSD_15-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UCSD-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Awards_and_honors">Awards and honors</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roger_Y._Tsien&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Awards and honors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Roger Y. Tsien has received numerous honors and awards in his life, including: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 35em;"> <ul><li>National 1st Prize, Westinghouse Science Talent Search (1968)</li> <li>National Merit Scholarship, US (1968)</li> <li>Detur Prize, Harvard College (1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marshall_Scholarship" title="Marshall Scholarship">Marshall Scholarship</a>, British government (1972)</li> <li>Comyns Berkeley Research Fellowship, <a href="/wiki/Gonville_and_Caius_College,_Cambridge" title="Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge">Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge</a> (1977)</li> <li>Gedge Prize, University of Cambridge (1978)</li> <li>Searle Scholar, Searle Scholar program (1983)</li> <li>Lamport Prize, <a href="/wiki/New_York_Academy_of_Sciences" title="New York Academy of Sciences">New York Academy of Sciences</a> (1986)</li> <li>Javits Neuroscience Investigator Award, <a href="/wiki/National_Institute_of_Neurological_Disorders_and_Stroke" title="National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke">National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke</a> (1989)</li> <li>Young Scientist Award, Passano Foundation (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/W._Alden_Spencer_Award" title="W. Alden Spencer Award">W. Alden Spencer Award</a> in Neurobiology, <a href="/wiki/Columbia_University" title="Columbia University">Columbia University</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artois-Baillet_Latour_Health_Prize#Health_Prize_Laureates" class="mw-redirect" title="Artois-Baillet Latour Health Prize">Artois-Baillet-Latour Health Prize</a>, Belgium (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gairdner_Foundation_International_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Gairdner Foundation International Award">Gairdner Foundation International Award</a>, Canada (1995)</li> <li>Basic Research Prize, <a href="/wiki/American_Heart_Association" title="American Heart Association">American Heart Association</a> (1995)</li> <li>Elected to the United States <a href="/wiki/Institute_of_Medicine" class="mw-redirect" title="Institute of Medicine">Institute of Medicine</a> (1995)</li> <li>Doctorate <i>honoris causa</i>, <a href="/wiki/Katholieke_Universiteit_Leuven" class="mw-redirect" title="Katholieke Universiteit Leuven">Katholieke Universiteit Leuven</a>, Belgium (1995)</li> <li>Faculty Research Lecturer, UC San Diego (1997)</li> <li>Elected to the <a href="/wiki/American_Academy_of_Arts_and_Sciences" title="American Academy of Arts and Sciences">American Academy of Arts and Sciences</a> (1998)</li> <li>Elected to the <a href="/wiki/United_States_National_Academy_of_Sciences" class="mw-redirect" title="United States National Academy of Sciences">United States National Academy of Sciences</a> (1998)</li> <li>Award for Innovation in High Throughput Screening, Society for Biomolecular Screening (1998)</li> <li>Pearse Prize, <a href="/wiki/Royal_Microscopical_Society" title="Royal Microscopical Society">Royal Microscopical Society</a> (2000)</li> <li>ACS Award for Creative Invention, <a href="/wiki/American_Chemical_Society" title="American Chemical Society">American Chemical Society</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_B._Anfinsen#Christian_B._Anfinsen_Award" title="Christian B. Anfinsen">Christian B. Anfinsen Award</a>, Protein Society (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dr_A.H._Heineken_Prize" class="mw-redirect" title="Dr A.H. Heineken Prize">Heineken Prize</a> for Biochemistry and Biophysics, <a href="/wiki/Royal_Netherlands_Academy_of_Arts_and_Sciences" title="Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences">Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Delbr%C3%BCck_Medal" title="Max Delbrück Medal">Max Delbrück Medal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Max_Delbr%C3%BCck_Center_for_Molecular_Medicine" class="mw-redirect" title="Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine">Max Delbrück Centrum für Molekulare Medizin</a>, Berlin (2002)<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolf_Prize_in_Medicine" title="Wolf Prize in Medicine">Wolf Prize in Medicine</a>, Israel (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keio_Medical_Science_Prize" title="Keio Medical Science Prize">Keio Medical Science Prize</a>, Japan (2004)</li> <li>UCSD Chancellor's Associates Award for Excellence in Science & Engineering Research, UC San Diego (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perl-UNC_Prize" title="Perl-UNC Prize">Perl-UNC Neuroscience Prize</a>, University of North Carolina (2004)</li> <li>Associate <a href="/wiki/EMBO_Member" class="mw-redirect" title="EMBO Member">EMBO Member</a> of the <a href="/wiki/European_Molecular_Biology_Organization" title="European Molecular Biology Organization">European Molecular Biology Organization</a> 2005.<sup id="cite_ref-membo_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-membo-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>J.Allyn Taylor International Prize in Medicine, <a href="/wiki/Robarts_Research_Institute" title="Robarts Research Institute">Robarts Research Institute</a>, Canada (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Association_of_Biomolecular_Resource_Facilities#ABRF_Award" title="Association of Biomolecular Resource Facilities">ABRF Award</a>, <a href="/wiki/Association_of_Biomolecular_Resource_Facilities" title="Association of Biomolecular Resource Facilities">Association of Biomolecular Resource Facilities</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosenstiel_Award" title="Rosenstiel Award">Lewis S. Rosenstiel Award for Distinguished Work in the Basic Medical Sciences</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brandeis_University" title="Brandeis University">Brandeis University</a> (2006)<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Elected a <a href="/wiki/List_of_Fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_2006" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Fellows of the Royal Society elected in 2006">Foreign Member of the Royal Society (ForMemRS) in 2006</a><sup id="cite_ref-frs_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-frs-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>BioPharma Leadership Award, the 6th Annual San Diego BioPharma Conference, San Diego (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/US_Department_of_Defense" class="mw-redirect" title="US Department of Defense">US Department of Defense</a> (DoD) Breast Cancer Innovator Award</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Chemistry" title="Nobel Prize in Chemistry">Nobel Prize in Chemistry</a>, Sweden (2008)<sup id="cite_ref-2008_Nobel_Chemistry_Prize_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2008_Nobel_Chemistry_Prize-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E.B._Wilson_Medal" title="E.B. Wilson Medal">E.B. Wilson Medal</a>, <a href="/wiki/American_Society_for_Cell_Biology" title="American Society for Cell Biology">American Society for Cell Biology</a> (2008)</li> <li>Honorary Fellow of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Society_of_Chemistry" title="Royal Society of Chemistry">Royal Society of Chemistry</a> (HonFRSC), UK (2008)<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Honorary Academician, <a href="/wiki/Academia_Sinica" title="Academia Sinica">Academia Sinica</a> (2008)<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>February 18, 2009, <i>Roger Tsien Day</i>, in the City of San Diego, California, US</li> <li>Distinguished Science and Technology Award, The 2009 Asian American Engineers of the Year (AAEoY) Award (April 2009)<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Lifetime Innovation Award, UC San Diego (May 20, 2009)<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>AHA Distinguished Scientists, American Heart Association (2009)</li> <li>Molecular Imaging Achievement Award, Society of Molecular Imaging (2009)</li> <li>Doctor of Science <i>honoris causa</i>, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Hong_Kong" title="University of Hong Kong">The University of Hong Kong</a> (2009)<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Doctor of Science <i>honoris causa</i>, <a href="/wiki/Chinese_University_of_Hong_Kong" title="Chinese University of Hong Kong">Chinese University of Hong Kong</a> (2009)<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>General President Gold Medal, the 97th <a href="/wiki/Indian_Science_Congress" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Science Congress">Indian Science Congress</a>, India (January 3, 2010)<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Spiers Memorial Award, Royal Society of Chemistry, UK (2010)<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Goose_Award" title="Golden Goose Award">Golden Goose Award</a> (2012)<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Golden Plate Award of the <a href="/wiki/Academy_of_Achievement" title="Academy of Achievement">American Academy of Achievement</a> (2012)<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Named_lectures_and_lectureships">Named lectures and lectureships</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roger_Y._Tsien&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Named lectures and lectureships"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 35em;"> <ul><li>Bowditch Lectureship, <a href="/wiki/American_Physiological_Society" title="American Physiological Society">American Physiological Society</a> (1992)<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Hans L. Falk Memorial Lectureship, <a href="/wiki/National_Institute_of_Environmental_Health_Sciences" title="National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences">National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences</a> (1993)</li> <li>Quastel Lectureship, <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_University_of_Jerusalem" title="Hebrew University of Jerusalem">Hebrew University of Jerusalem</a> (1994)</li> <li>President's Lectureship, <a href="/wiki/American_Thoracic_Society" title="American Thoracic Society">American Thoracic Society</a> (1994)</li> <li>Roger Eckert Memorial Lecture, Göttingen Neurobiology Conference of the German Neuroscience Society (1995)</li> <li>Melvin Calvin Lectureship, UC Berkeley (1999)</li> <li>Herbert Sober Lectureship, <a href="/wiki/American_Society_for_Biochemistry_and_Molecular_Biology" title="American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology">American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology</a> (2000)</li> <li>Keith Porter Lecture, American Society for Cell Biology (2003)</li> <li>Konrad Bloch Lectureship, Harvard University (2003)</li> <li>Grass Foundation Lectureship, Society for Neuroscience (2004)</li> <li>The 1st <a href="/wiki/Academia_Sinica" title="Academia Sinica">Academia Sinica</a> Lecturer (the highest honor of the academy), Dec 2009<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The 2010 National Lecturer of the <a href="/wiki/Biophysical_Society" title="Biophysical Society">Biophysical Society</a> (the highest honor of the society)<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The 2011 <a href="/wiki/UCL_Prize_Lecture_in_Clinical_Science" class="mw-redirect" title="UCL Prize Lecture in Clinical Science">UCL Prize Lecture in Clinical Science</a> (<a href="/wiki/University_College,_London" class="mw-redirect" title="University College, London">University College, London</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roger_Y._Tsien&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Quyen_T._Nguyen" title="Quyen T. Nguyen">Quyen T. Nguyen</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roger_Y._Tsien&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-frs-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-frs_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-frs_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFAnon2006" class="citation web cs1">Anon (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151117111539/https://royalsociety.org/people/roger-tsien-12438/">"Professor Roger Tsien ForMemRS"</a>. London: <a href="/wiki/Royal_Society" title="Royal Society">Royal Society</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://royalsociety.org/people/roger-tsien-12438/">the original</a> on November 17, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Professor+Roger+Tsien+ForMemRS&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Royal+Society&rft.date=2006&rft.au=Anon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Froyalsociety.org%2Fpeople%2Froger-tsien-12438%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoger+Y.+Tsien" class="Z3988"></span> One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from the royalsociety.org website where: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>All text published under the heading 'Biography' on Fellow profile pages is available under <a href="/wiki/Creative_Commons_license" title="Creative Commons license">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>." --<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150925220834/https://royalsociety.org/about-us/terms-conditions-policies/">"Royal Society Terms, conditions and policies"</a>. Archived from the original on September 25, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 9,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Royal+Society+Terms%2C+conditions+and+policies&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Froyalsociety.org%2Fabout-us%2Fterms-conditions-policies%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoger+Y.+Tsien" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_bot:_original_URL_status_unknown" title="Category:CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown">link</a>)</span></p></blockquote></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-wolf-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-wolf_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wolffund.org.il/index.php?dir=site&page=winners&cs=445&language=eng">The Wolf Prize in Medicine in 2004 (detail)</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-membo-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-membo_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-membo_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnon2016" class="citation web cs1">Anon (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://people.embo.org/profile/roger-y-tsien">"Roger Tsien EMBO Profile"</a>. <i>people.embo.org</i>. Heidelberg: <a href="/wiki/European_Molecular_Biology_Organization" title="European Molecular Biology Organization">European Molecular Biology Organization</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=people.embo.org&rft.atitle=Roger+Tsien+EMBO+Profile&rft.date=2016&rft.au=Anon&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpeople.embo.org%2Fprofile%2Froger-y-tsien&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoger+Y.+Tsien" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-tsienphd-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-tsienphd_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-tsienphd_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTsien1976" class="citation thesis cs1">Tsien, Roger Yongchien (1976). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.475593"><i>The design and use of organic chemical tools in cellular physiology</i></a> (PhD thesis). University of Cambridge. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/500581238">500581238</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=The+design+and+use+of+organic+chemical+tools+in+cellular+physiology.&rft.degree=PhD&rft.inst=University+of+Cambridge&rft.date=1976&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F500581238&rft.aulast=Tsien&rft.aufirst=Roger+Yongchien&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fethos.bl.uk%2FOrderDetails.do%3Fuin%3Duk.bl.ethos.475593&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoger+Y.+Tsien" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-wendy-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-wendy_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-wendy_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-wendy_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/health-science/roger-y-tsien-chemist-shared-nobel-for-tool-to-research-alzheimers-dies-at-64/2016/08/31/90ca6de8-6fc9-11e6-8533-6b0b0ded0253_story.html">"Roger Y. Tsien, chemist shared Nobel for tool to research Alzheimer's, dies at 64"</a>. <i>The Washington Post</i>. August 31, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 1,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Roger+Y.+Tsien%2C+chemist+shared+Nobel+for+tool+to+research+Alzheimer%27s%2C+dies+at+64&rft.date=2016-08-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fnational%2Fhealth-science%2Froger-y-tsien-chemist-shared-nobel-for-tool-to-research-alzheimers-dies-at-64%2F2016%2F08%2F31%2F90ca6de8-6fc9-11e6-8533-6b0b0ded0253_story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoger+Y.+Tsien" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-gfparb-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-gfparb_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTsien1998" class="citation journal cs1">Tsien, Roger Y. (1998). "The Green Fluorescent Protein". <i>Annual Review of Biochemistry</i>. <b>67</b> (1): 509–544. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1146%2Fannurev.biochem.67.1.509">10.1146/annurev.biochem.67.1.509</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9759496">9759496</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annual+Review+of+Biochemistry&rft.atitle=The+Green+Fluorescent+Protein&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=509-544&rft.date=1998&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1146%2Fannurev.biochem.67.1.509&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F9759496&rft.aulast=Tsien&rft.aufirst=Roger+Y.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoger+Y.+Tsien" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Tsien_UCSD-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Tsien_UCSD_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Tsien_UCSD_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081015182639/http://www-chem.ucsd.edu/research/profile.cfm?cid=C01821">"Roger Tsien at UCSD Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry"</a>. UCSD. 2008. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-chem.ucsd.edu/research/profile.cfm?cid=C01821">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(Official web page)</span> on October 15, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 4,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Roger+Tsien+at+UCSD+Department+of+Chemistry+%26+Biochemistry&rft.pub=UCSD&rft.date=2008&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww-chem.ucsd.edu%2Fresearch%2Fprofile.cfm%3Fcid%3DC01821&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoger+Y.+Tsien" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2008_Nobel_Chemistry_Prize-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-2008_Nobel_Chemistry_Prize_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2008_Nobel_Chemistry_Prize_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2008_Nobel_Chemistry_Prize_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/2008/index.html">"2008 Nobel Prize in Chemistry Laureates"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(Official web page)</span>. The Nobel Foundation. October 8, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 8,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2008+Nobel+Prize+in+Chemistry+Laureates&rft.pub=The+Nobel+Foundation&rft.date=2008-10-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnobelprize.org%2Fnobel_prizes%2Fchemistry%2Flaureates%2F2008%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoger+Y.+Tsien" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NobelLecture-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NobelLecture_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NobelLecture_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NobelLecture_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NobelLecture_9-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/laureate/831">Roger Y. Tsien</a> on Nobelprize.org <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q200470#P8024" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span> with the Nobel lecture <i>Constructing and Exploiting the Fluorescent Protein Paintbox</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Tsien2010-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Tsien2010_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTsien2010" class="citation journal cs1">Tsien, Roger Y. 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Tsien, Chemistry 2008"</a>. <i>Journal of Visualized Experiments</i> (35). <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3791%2F1575">10.3791/1575</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1940-087X">1940-087X</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3152217">3152217</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20072108">20072108</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Visualized+Experiments&rft.atitle=The+2009+Lindau+Nobel+Laureate+Meeting%3A+Roger+Y.+Tsien%2C+Chemistry+2008&rft.issue=35&rft.date=2010&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3152217%23id-name%3DPMC&rft.issn=1940-087X&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F20072108&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3791%2F1575&rft.aulast=Tsien&rft.aufirst=Roger+Y.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3152217&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoger+Y.+Tsien" class="Z3988"></span> <span style="position:relative; top: -2px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Open_access" title="open access publication – free to read"><img alt="Open access icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/9px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/14px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/18px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rudolf-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-rudolf_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rudolf_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRudolfMongilloRizzutoPozzan2003" class="citation journal cs1">Rudolf, Rüdiger; Mongillo, Marco; Rizzuto, Rosario; <a href="/wiki/Tullio_Pozzan" title="Tullio Pozzan">Pozzan, Tullio</a> (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://csl.johnshopkins.edu/academics/580427/rsc/580427_5_measuringcellcareview_032106.pdf">"Looking forward to seeing calcium"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology</i>. <b>4</b> (7): 579–586. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fnrm1153">10.1038/nrm1153</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12838340">12838340</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:28988011">28988011</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Simoni, and Robert L. Hill. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jbc.org/cgi/content/full/281/37/e29">"The Chemistry of Fluorescent Indicators: the Work of Roger Y. Tsien"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090714131246/http://www.jbc.org/cgi/content/full/281/37/e29">Archived</a> July 14, 2009, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Journal_of_Biological_Chemistry" title="Journal of Biological Chemistry">Journal of Biological Chemistry</a></i>, September 15, 2006. Accessed September 18, 2007. "At age 16, Tsien won first prize in the nationwide Westinghouse talent search with a project investigating how metals bind to thiocyanate."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Swayze, Bill. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://infoweb.newsbank.com/iw-search/we/InfoWeb?p_action=doc&p_docid=0EFDA7482424E8F4&p_docnum=1&p_queryname=NaN&p_product=NewsBank&p_theme=aggregated4&p_nbid=B66T5DCTMTE5MDAyNzY4My41NTQ5OTI6MTo3OnJhLTE4ODg">"Jersey teens call science a winner: Two finalists say just being in Westinghouse talent competition is prize enough"</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Star-Ledger" title="The Star-Ledger">The Star-Ledger</a></i>, March 11, 1997. Accessed September 18, 2007. "Only one New Jersey teenager has ever captured top honors in the history of the competition. That was Roger Tsien in 1968. The then-16-year-old Livingston High School math-science whiz explored the way subatomic particles act as bridges between two dissimilar metal atoms in various complex molecules."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Tsien_Phi_Beta_Kappa-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Tsien_Phi_Beta_Kappa_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thecrimson.com/article/1971/4/24/phi-beta-kappa-pthe-alpha-chapter/">"Phi Beta Kappa"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(Web page)</span>. The Harvard Crimson. April 24, 1971<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.goldengooseaward.org/awardees/200352el6rpcnd3yibqw96m4yxtpvu">the original</a> on September 9, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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class="navbox" aria-labelledby="University_of_California,_San_Diego" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background:#182B49; color:#FFFFFF; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #C69214, inset -2px -2px 0 #C69214;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:University_of_California,_San_Diego" title="Template:University of California, San Diego"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:#FFFFFF">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:University_of_California,_San_Diego" title="Template talk:University of California, San Diego"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:#FFFFFF">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:University_of_California,_San_Diego" title="Special:EditPage/Template:University of California, San Diego"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:#FFFFFF">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="University_of_California,_San_Diego" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_San_Diego" title="University of California, San Diego"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#FFFFFF">University of California, San Diego</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#182B49; color:#FFFFFF; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #C69214, inset -2px -2px 0 #C69214;;width:1%">Schools</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#182B49; color:#FFFFFF; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #C69214, inset -2px -2px 0 #C69214;;width:1%">Residential</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Revelle_College" title="Revelle College">Revelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Muir_College" title="John Muir College">Muir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thurgood_Marshall_College" title="Thurgood Marshall College">Marshall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_Warren_College" title="Earl Warren College">Warren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleanor_Roosevelt_College" title="Eleanor Roosevelt College">ERC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sixth_College" title="Sixth College">Sixth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seventh_College" title="Seventh College">Seventh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eighth_College" title="Eighth College">Eighth</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#182B49; color:#FFFFFF; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #C69214, inset -2px -2px 0 #C69214;;width:1%">Professional</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/UC_San_Diego_School_of_Computing,_Information_and_Data_Sciences" title="UC San Diego School of Computing, Information and Data Sciences">Computing, Information, Data</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacobs_School_of_Engineering" title="Jacobs School of Engineering">Engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_San_Diego_School_of_Global_Policy_and_Strategy" title="University of California, San Diego School of Global Policy and Strategy">Global Policy and Strategy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_San_Diego_School_of_Medicine" title="University of California, San Diego School of Medicine">Medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rady_School_of_Management" title="Rady School of Management">Management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skaggs_School_of_Pharmacy" title="Skaggs School of Pharmacy">Pharmacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Wertheim_School_of_Public_Health_and_Human_Longevity_Science" title="Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science">Public Health</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="8" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Geisel_library.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Geisel_library.jpg/130px-Geisel_library.jpg" decoding="async" width="130" height="96" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Geisel_library.jpg/195px-Geisel_library.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Geisel_library.jpg/260px-Geisel_library.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="368" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#182B49; color:#FFFFFF; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #C69214, inset -2px -2px 0 #C69214;;width:1%">Research</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Scripps_Institution_of_Oceanography" title="Scripps Institution of Oceanography">Scripps Institution of Oceanography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/California_Institute_for_Telecommunications_and_Information_Technology" title="California Institute for Telecommunications and Information Technology">Calit2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stein_Institute_for_Research_on_Aging" title="Stein Institute for Research on Aging">Stein Institute for Research on Aging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Diego_Supercomputer_Center" title="San Diego Supercomputer Center">San Diego Supercomputer Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Performance_Wireless_Research_and_Education_Network" title="High Performance Wireless Research and Education Network">HPWREN</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#182B49; color:#FFFFFF; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #C69214, inset -2px -2px 0 #C69214;;width:1%">Health</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/UC_San_Diego_Health" title="UC San Diego Health">UC San Diego Health</a> (<a href="/wiki/UC_San_Diego_Medical_Center,_Hillcrest" title="UC San Diego Medical Center, Hillcrest">Medical Center, Hillcrest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacobs_Medical_Center" title="Jacobs Medical Center">Jacobs Medical Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moores_Cancer_Center" title="Moores Cancer Center">Moores Cancer Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UC_San_Diego_Health_East_Campus_Medical_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="UC San Diego Health East Campus Medical Center">East Campus Medical Center</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/UC_San_Diego_Health_East_station" title="UC San Diego Health East station">UC San Diego Health East station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UC_San_Diego_Student-Run_Free_Clinic_Project" title="UC San Diego Student-Run Free Clinic Project">Student-Run Free Clinic Project</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#182B49; color:#FFFFFF; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #C69214, inset -2px -2px 0 #C69214;;width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_University_of_California,_San_Diego_people" title="List of University of California, San Diego people">List of UC San Diego people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Revelle" title="Roger Revelle">Roger Revelle</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#182B49; color:#FFFFFF; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #C69214, inset -2px -2px 0 #C69214;;width:1%">Campus</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Price_Center" title="Price Center">Price Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geisel_Library" title="Geisel Library">Geisel Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A9_Caf%C3%A9" title="Ché Café">Ché Café</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Preuss_School" title="Preuss School">Preuss School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Audrey_Geisel_University_House" title="Audrey Geisel University House">University House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conrad_Prebys_Music_Center" title="Conrad Prebys Music Center">Conrad Prebys Music Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stuart_Collection" title="Stuart Collection">Stuart Collection</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Sun_God_(statue)" title="Sun God (statue)">Sun God</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fallen_Star" title="Fallen Star">Fallen Star</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/UC_San_Diego_Central_Campus_station" title="UC San Diego Central Campus station">UC San Diego Central Campus station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UC_San_Diego_Health_La_Jolla_station" title="UC San Diego Health La Jolla station">UC San Diego Health La Jolla station</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#182B49; color:#FFFFFF; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #C69214, inset -2px -2px 0 #C69214;;width:1%">Athletics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/UC_San_Diego_Tritons" title="UC San Diego Tritons">UC San Diego Tritons</a> (<a href="/wiki/UC_San_Diego_Tritons_baseball" title="UC San Diego Tritons baseball">Baseball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UC_San_Diego_Tritons_men%27s_basketball" title="UC San Diego Tritons men's basketball">Men's basketball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UC_San_Diego_Tritons_women%27s_basketball" title="UC San Diego Tritons women's basketball">Women's basketball</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/RIMAC" title="RIMAC">RIMAC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canyonview_Aquatic_Center" title="Canyonview Aquatic Center">Canyonview Aquatic Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triton_Ballpark" title="Triton Ballpark">Triton Ballpark</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#182B49; color:#FFFFFF; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #C69214, inset -2px -2px 0 #C69214;;width:1%">Life</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Birch_Aquarium" title="Birch Aquarium">Birch Aquarium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Jolla_Playhouse" title="La Jolla Playhouse">La Jolla Playhouse</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/UCSD_Guardian" title="UCSD Guardian">The Guardian</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Koala" title="The Koala">The Koala</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KSDT_Radio" title="KSDT Radio">KSDT Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K35DG-D" title="K35DG-D">UCSD TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sun_God_Festival" title="Sun God Festival">Sun God Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Jolla" title="La Jolla">La Jolla</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#182B49; color:#FFFFFF; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #C69214, inset -2px -2px 0 #C69214;;width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sally_Ride_Science" title="Sally Ride Science">Sally Ride Science</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background:#182B49; color:#FFFFFF; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #C69214, inset -2px -2px 0 #C69214;"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:University_of_California,_San_Diego" title="Category:University of California, San Diego"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: #FFFFFF; text-decoration: inherit;"><b>Category</b></span></a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:University_of_California,_San_Diego" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:University of California, San Diego"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: #FFFFFF; text-decoration: inherit;"><b>Commons</b></span></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Laureates_of_the_Wolf_Prize_in_Medicine" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#d3d3d3;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Wolf_Prize_in_Medicine" title="Template:Wolf Prize in Medicine"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Wolf_Prize_in_Medicine" title="Template talk:Wolf Prize in Medicine"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Wolf_Prize_in_Medicine" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Wolf Prize in Medicine"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Laureates_of_the_Wolf_Prize_in_Medicine" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Laureates of the <a href="/wiki/Wolf_Prize_in_Medicine" title="Wolf Prize in Medicine">Wolf Prize in Medicine</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#d3d3d3;">1970s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Davis_Snell" title="George Davis Snell">George Snell</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jean_Dausset" title="Jean Dausset">Jean Dausset</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jon_van_Rood" title="Jon van Rood">Jon J. van Rood</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Wolcott_Sperry" title="Roger Wolcott Sperry">Roger Sperry</a> / <a href="/wiki/Arvid_Carlsson" title="Arvid Carlsson">Arvid Carlsson</a> / <a href="/wiki/Oleh_Hornykiewicz" title="Oleh Hornykiewicz">Oleh Hornykiewicz</a> (1979)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#d3d3d3;">1980s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/C%C3%A9sar_Milstein" title="César Milstein">César Milstein</a> / <a href="/wiki/Leo_Sachs" title="Leo Sachs">Leo Sachs</a> / <a href="/wiki/James_Learmonth_Gowans" title="James Learmonth Gowans">James L. Gowans</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_McClintock" title="Barbara McClintock">Barbara McClintock</a> / <a href="/wiki/Stanley_Norman_Cohen" title="Stanley Norman Cohen">Stanley Norman Cohen</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Pierre_Changeux" title="Jean-Pierre Changeux">Jean-Pierre Changeux</a> / <a href="/wiki/Solomon_H._Snyder" title="Solomon H. Snyder">Solomon H. Snyder</a> / <a href="/wiki/James_Black_(pharmacologist)" title="James Black (pharmacologist)">James W. Black</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_F._Steiner" title="Donald F. Steiner">Donald F. Steiner</a> (1984/5)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osamu_Hayaishi" title="Osamu Hayaishi">Osamu Hayaishi</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedro_Cuatrecasas" title="Pedro Cuatrecasas">Pedro Cuatrecasas</a> / <a href="/wiki/Meir_Wilchek" title="Meir Wilchek">Meir Wilchek</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henri_G._Hers" title="Henri G. Hers">Henri G. Hers</a> / <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_F._Neufeld" title="Elizabeth F. Neufeld">Elizabeth F. Neufeld</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Gurdon" title="John Gurdon">John Gurdon</a> / <a href="/wiki/Edward_B._Lewis" title="Edward B. Lewis">Edward B. Lewis</a> (1989)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#d3d3d3;">1990s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maclyn_McCarty" title="Maclyn McCarty">Maclyn McCarty</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seymour_Benzer" title="Seymour Benzer">Seymour Benzer</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judah_Folkman" title="Judah Folkman">Judah Folkman</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Berridge" title="Michael Berridge">Michael Berridge</a> / <a href="/wiki/Yasutomi_Nishizuka" title="Yasutomi Nishizuka">Yasutomi Nishizuka</a> (1994/5)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanley_B._Prusiner" title="Stanley B. Prusiner">Stanley B. Prusiner</a> (1995/6)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_F._Lyon" title="Mary F. Lyon">Mary F. Lyon</a> (1996/7)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Sela" title="Michael Sela">Michael Sela</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ruth_Arnon" title="Ruth Arnon">Ruth Arnon</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_Kandel" title="Eric Kandel">Eric Kandel</a> (1999)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#d3d3d3;">2000s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Avram_Hershko" title="Avram Hershko">Avram Hershko</a> / <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Varshavsky" title="Alexander Varshavsky">Alexander Varshavsky</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_L._Brinster" title="Ralph L. Brinster">Ralph L. Brinster</a> / <a href="/wiki/Mario_Capecchi" title="Mario Capecchi">Mario Capecchi</a> / <a href="/wiki/Oliver_Smithies" title="Oliver Smithies">Oliver Smithies</a> (2002/3)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Weinberg_(biologist)" title="Robert Weinberg (biologist)">Robert Weinberg</a> / <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Roger Y. Tsien</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Levitzki" title="Alexander Levitzki">Alexander Levitzki</a> / <a href="/wiki/Anthony_R._Hunter" title="Anthony R. Hunter">Anthony R. Hunter</a> / <a href="/wiki/Tony_Pawson_(biochemist)" title="Tony Pawson (biochemist)">Tony Pawson</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howard_Cedar" title="Howard Cedar">Howard Cedar</a> / <a href="/wiki/Aharon_Razin" title="Aharon Razin">Aharon Razin</a> (2008)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#d3d3d3;">2010s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Axel_Ullrich" title="Axel Ullrich">Axel Ullrich</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shinya_Yamanaka" title="Shinya Yamanaka">Shinya Yamanaka</a> / <a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Jaenisch" title="Rudolf Jaenisch">Rudolf Jaenisch</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_M._Evans" title="Ronald M. Evans">Ronald M. Evans</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nahum_Sonenberg" title="Nahum Sonenberg">Nahum Sonenberg</a> / <a href="/wiki/Gary_Ruvkun" title="Gary Ruvkun">Gary Ruvkun</a> / <a href="/wiki/Victor_Ambros" title="Victor Ambros">Victor Ambros</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Kappler" title="John Kappler">John Kappler</a> / <a href="/wiki/Philippa_Marrack" title="Philippa Marrack">Philippa Marrack</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_V._Ravetch" title="Jeffrey V. Ravetch">Jeffrey V. Ravetch</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lewis_C._Cantley" title="Lewis C. Cantley">Lewis C. Cantley</a> / <a href="/wiki/C._Ronald_Kahn" title="C. Ronald Kahn">C. Ronald Kahn</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_P._Allison" title="James P. Allison">James P. Allison</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_M._Friedman" title="Jeffrey M. Friedman">Jeffrey M. Friedman</a> (2019)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#d3d3d3;">2020s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emmanuelle_Charpentier" title="Emmanuelle Charpentier">Emmanuelle Charpentier</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jennifer_Doudna" title="Jennifer Doudna">Jennifer Doudna</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joan_Steitz" class="mw-redirect" title="Joan Steitz">Joan Steitz</a> / <a href="/wiki/Lynne_Maquat" class="mw-redirect" title="Lynne Maquat">Lynne Elizabeth Maquat</a> / <a href="/wiki/Adrian_R._Krainer" class="mw-redirect" title="Adrian R. Krainer">Adrian Krainer</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_J._Drucker" title="Daniel J. Drucker">Daniel J. Drucker</a> (2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Botond_Roska" title="Botond Roska">Botond Roska</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9-Alain_Sahel" title="José-Alain Sahel">José-Alain Sahel</a> (2024)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Heineken_Prizes" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Heineken_Prizes" title="Template:Heineken Prizes"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Heineken_Prizes" title="Template talk:Heineken Prizes"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Heineken_Prizes" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Heineken Prizes"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Heineken_Prizes" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Heineken_Prizes" title="Heineken Prizes">Heineken Prizes</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Biochemistry and Biophysics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Erwin_Chargaff" title="Erwin Chargaff">Chargaff</a> (1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Brachet" title="Jean Brachet">Brachet</a> (1967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Britton_Chance" title="Britton Chance">Chance</a> (1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_de_Duve" title="Christian de Duve">De Duve</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Laurens_van_Deenen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Laurens van Deenen (page does not exist)">Van Deenen</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aaron_Klug" title="Aaron Klug">Klug</a> (1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Weissmann" title="Charles Weissmann">Weissmann</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9la_Julesz" title="Béla Julesz">Julesz</a> & <a href="/wiki/Werner_E._Reichardt" title="Werner E. Reichardt">Reichardt</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Cech" title="Thomas Cech">Cech</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Leder" title="Philip Leder">Leder</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piet_Borst" title="Piet Borst">Borst</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Berridge" title="Michael Berridge">Berridge</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Nurse" title="Paul Nurse">Nurse</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tony_Pawson_(biochemist)" title="Tony Pawson (biochemist)">Pawson</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Rothman" title="James Rothman">Rothman</a> (2000)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Tsien</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Fire" title="Andrew Fire">Fire</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alec_Jeffreys" title="Alec Jeffreys">Jeffreys</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_W._Szostak" title="Jack W. Szostak">Szostak</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franz-Ulrich_Hartl" title="Franz-Ulrich Hartl">Hartl</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titia_de_Lange" title="Titia de Lange">De Lange</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chris_Dobson" title="Chris Dobson">Dobson</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jennifer_Doudna" title="Jennifer Doudna">Doudna</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiaowei_Zhuang" title="Xiaowei Zhuang">Zhuang</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruce_William_Stillman" title="Bruce William Stillman">Stillman</a> (2020)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Medicine</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Lauterbur" title="Paul Lauterbur">Lauterbur</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jon_van_Rood" title="Jon van Rood">Van Rood</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salvador_Moncada" title="Salvador Moncada">Moncada</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luc_Montagnier" title="Luc Montagnier">Montagnier</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_de_Wied" title="David de Wied">De Wied</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barry_Marshall" title="Barry Marshall">Marshall</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_Kandel" title="Eric Kandel">Kandel</a> (2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dennis_J._Selkoe" title="Dennis J. Selkoe">Selkoe</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Blackburn" title="Elizabeth Blackburn">Blackburn</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary-Claire_King" title="Mary-Claire King">King</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Peto" title="Richard Peto">Peto</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_M._Steinman" title="Ralph M. Steinman">Steinman</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Clevers" title="Hans Clevers">Clevers</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kari_Alitalo" title="Kari Alitalo">Alitalo</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Jackson_(scientist)" class="mw-redirect" title="Stephen Jackson (scientist)">Jackson</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Carmeliet" title="Peter Carmeliet">Carmeliet</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Deisseroth" title="Karl Deisseroth">Deisseroth</a> (2020)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Environmental Sciences</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_Lovelock" title="James Lovelock">Lovelock</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marko_Branica" title="Marko Branica">Branica</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/BirdLife_International" title="BirdLife International">BirdLife International</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herman_Daly" title="Herman Daly">Daly</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_R._Ehrlich" title="Paul R. Ehrlich">Ehrlich</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Poul_Harremo%C3%ABs&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Poul Harremoës (page does not exist)">Harremoës</a> (2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lonnie_Thompson" title="Lonnie Thompson">Thompson</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_A._Levin" title="Simon A. Levin">Levin</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stuart_Pimm" title="Stuart Pimm">Pimm</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bert_Brunekreef&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bert Brunekreef (page does not exist)">Brunekreef</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/G._David_Tilman" title="G. David Tilman">Tilman</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_F._Laurance" title="William F. Laurance">Laurance</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jaap_Sinninghe_Damst%C3%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jaap Sinninghe Damsté (page does not exist)">Sinninghe Damsté</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgina_Mace" title="Georgina Mace">Mace</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_D._N._Hebert" title="Paul D. N. Hebert">Hebert</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corinne_Le_Qu%C3%A9r%C3%A9" title="Corinne Le Quéré">Le Quéré</a> (2020)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Gay" title="Peter Gay">Gay</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herman_Van_der_Wee" title="Herman Van der Wee">Van der Wee</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Brown_(historian)" title="Peter Brown (historian)">Brown</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heiko_Oberman" title="Heiko Oberman">Oberman</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mona_Ozouf" title="Mona Ozouf">Ozouf</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jan_de_Vries_(historian)" title="Jan de Vries (historian)">De Vries</a> (2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinz_Schilling" title="Heinz Schilling">Schilling</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Le_Goff" title="Jacques Le Goff">Le Goff</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joel_Mokyr" title="Joel Mokyr">Mokyr</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Israel" title="Jonathan Israel">Israel</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosamond_McKitterick" title="Rosamond McKitterick">McKitterick</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Parker_(historian)" title="Geoffrey Parker (historian)">Parker</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleida_Assmann" title="Aleida Assmann">Assmann</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judith_Herrin" title="Judith Herrin">Herrin</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._R._McNeill" title="J. R. McNeill">McNeill</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lorraine_Daston" title="Lorraine Daston">Daston</a> (2020)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cognitive Science</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Robert_Anderson_(psychologist)" title="John Robert Anderson (psychologist)">Anderson</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanislas_Dehaene" title="Stanislas Dehaene">Dehaene</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Tomasello" title="Michael Tomasello">Tomasello</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Duncan_(neuroscientist)" title="John Duncan (neuroscientist)">Duncan</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_McClelland_(psychologist)" title="James McClelland (psychologist)">McClelland</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Spelke" title="Elizabeth Spelke">Spelke</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nancy_Kanwisher" title="Nancy Kanwisher">Kanwisher</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Zatorre&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert Zatorre (page does not exist)">Zatorre</a> (2020)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Art</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Toon_Verhoef" title="Toon Verhoef">Verhoef</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marrie_Bot" title="Marrie Bot">Bot</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carel_Visser" title="Carel Visser">C. Visser</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthijs_R%C3%B6ling" title="Matthijs Röling">Röling</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karel_Martens" title="Karel Martens">Martens</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jan_van_de_Pavert" title="Jan van de Pavert">Van de Pavert</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guido_Geelen" title="Guido Geelen">Geelen</a> (2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aernout_Mik" title="Aernout Mik">Mik</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daan_van_Golden" title="Daan van Golden">Van Golden</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Job_Koelewijn" title="Job Koelewijn">Koelewijn</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Visser_(artist)" title="Barbara Visser (artist)">B. Visser</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Manders" title="Mark Manders">Manders</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Struycken" title="Peter Struycken">Struycken</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wendelien_van_Oldenborgh" title="Wendelien van Oldenborgh">Van Oldenborgh</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yvonne_Dr%C3%B6ge_Wendel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yvonne Dröge Wendel (page does not exist)">Dröge Wendel</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erik_van_Lieshout" title="Erik van Lieshout">Van Lieshout</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ansuya_Blom" title="Ansuya Blom">Blom</a> (2020)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="2008_Nobel_Prize_laureates" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:2008_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:2008 Nobel Prize winners"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:2008_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template talk:2008 Nobel Prize winners"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:2008_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Special:EditPage/Template:2008 Nobel Prize winners"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="2008_Nobel_Prize_laureates" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">2008 <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize" title="Nobel Prize">Nobel Prize</a> laureates</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Chemistry" title="Nobel Prize in Chemistry">Chemistry</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Osamu_Shimomura" title="Osamu Shimomura">Osamu Shimomura</a> (Japan/United States)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Chalfie" title="Martin Chalfie">Martin Chalfie</a> (United States)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Roger Y. Tsien</a> (United States)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="Nobel Prize in Literature">Literature</a> (<a href="/wiki/2008_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="2008 Nobel Prize in Literature">2008</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/J._M._G._Le_Cl%C3%A9zio" title="J. M. G. Le Clézio">J. M. G. Le Clézio</a> (France)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="Nobel Peace Prize">Peace</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Martti_Ahtisaari" title="Martti Ahtisaari">Martti Ahtisaari</a> (Finland)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physics" title="Nobel Prize in Physics">Physics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Makoto_Kobayashi_(physicist)" class="mw-redirect" title="Makoto Kobayashi (physicist)">Makoto Kobayashi</a> (Japan)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toshihide_Maskawa" title="Toshihide Maskawa">Toshihide Maskawa</a> (Japan)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoichiro_Nambu" title="Yoichiro Nambu">Yoichiro Nambu</a> (United States/Japan)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physiology_or_Medicine" title="Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine">Physiology or Medicine</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Harald_zur_Hausen" title="Harald zur Hausen">Harald zur Hausen</a> (Germany)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7oise_Barr%C3%A9-Sinoussi" title="Françoise Barré-Sinoussi">Françoise Barré-Sinoussi</a> (France)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luc_Montagnier" title="Luc Montagnier">Luc Montagnier</a> (France)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Memorial_Prize_in_Economic_Sciences" title="Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences">Economic Sciences</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Krugman" title="Paul Krugman">Paul Krugman</a> (United States)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <dl><dt><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Nobel_laureates" title="List of Nobel laureates">Nobel Prize recipients</a></span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:2003_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:2003 Nobel Prize winners">2003</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:2004_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:2004 Nobel Prize winners">2004</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:2005_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:2005 Nobel Prize winners">2005</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:2006_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:2006 Nobel Prize winners">2006</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:2007_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:2007 Nobel Prize winners">2007</a></dd> <dd><b>2008 </b></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:2009_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:2009 Nobel Prize winners">2009</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:2010_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:2010 Nobel Prize winners">2010</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:2011_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:2011 Nobel Prize winners">2011</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:2012_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:2012 Nobel Prize winners">2012</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:2013_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:2013 Nobel Prize winners">2013</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Laureates_of_the_Nobel_Prize_in_Chemistry" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Nobel_Prize_in_Chemistry" title="Template:Nobel Prize in Chemistry"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Nobel_Prize_in_Chemistry" title="Template talk:Nobel Prize in Chemistry"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Nobel_Prize_in_Chemistry" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Nobel Prize in Chemistry"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Laureates_of_the_Nobel_Prize_in_Chemistry" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Nobel_laureates_in_Chemistry" title="List of Nobel laureates in Chemistry">Laureates</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Chemistry" title="Nobel Prize in Chemistry">Nobel Prize in Chemistry</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1901–1925</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">1901: <a href="/wiki/Jacobus_Henricus_van_%27t_Hoff" title="Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff">Jacobus van 't Hoff</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1902: <a href="/wiki/Emil_Fischer" title="Emil Fischer">Emil Fischer</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1903: <a href="/wiki/Svante_Arrhenius" title="Svante Arrhenius">Svante Arrhenius</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1904: <a href="/wiki/William_Ramsay" title="William Ramsay">William Ramsay</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1905: <a href="/wiki/Adolf_von_Baeyer" title="Adolf von Baeyer">Adolf von Baeyer</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1906: <a href="/wiki/Henri_Moissan" title="Henri Moissan">Henri Moissan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1907: <a href="/wiki/Eduard_Buchner" title="Eduard Buchner">Eduard Buchner</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1908: <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Rutherford" title="Ernest Rutherford">Ernest Rutherford</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1909: <a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Ostwald" title="Wilhelm Ostwald">Wilhelm Ostwald</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1910: <a href="/wiki/Otto_Wallach" title="Otto Wallach">Otto Wallach</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1911: <a href="/wiki/Marie_Curie" title="Marie Curie">Marie Curie</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1912: <a href="/wiki/Victor_Grignard" title="Victor Grignard">Victor Grignard</a> / <a href="/wiki/Paul_Sabatier_(chemist)" title="Paul Sabatier (chemist)">Paul Sabatier</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1913: <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Werner" title="Alfred Werner">Alfred Werner</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1914: <a href="/wiki/Theodore_William_Richards" title="Theodore William Richards">Theodore Richards</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1915: <a href="/wiki/Richard_Willst%C3%A4tter" title="Richard Willstätter">Richard Willstätter</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkgrey">1916</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkgrey">1917</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1918: <a href="/wiki/Fritz_Haber" title="Fritz Haber">Fritz Haber</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkgrey">1919</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1920: <a href="/wiki/Walther_Nernst" title="Walther Nernst">Walther Nernst</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1921: <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Soddy" title="Frederick Soddy">Frederick Soddy</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1922: <a href="/wiki/Francis_William_Aston" title="Francis William Aston">Francis Aston</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1923: <a href="/wiki/Fritz_Pregl" title="Fritz Pregl">Fritz Pregl</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkgrey">1924</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1925: <a href="/wiki/Richard_Adolf_Zsigmondy" title="Richard Adolf Zsigmondy">Richard Zsigmondy</a></span></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/ed/Nobel_Prize.png/80px-Nobel_Prize.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/ed/Nobel_Prize.png/120px-Nobel_Prize.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/ed/Nobel_Prize.png/160px-Nobel_Prize.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="492" /></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1926–1950</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">1926: <a href="/wiki/Theodor_Svedberg" title="Theodor Svedberg">Theodor Svedberg</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1927: <a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Otto_Wieland" title="Heinrich Otto Wieland">Heinrich Wieland</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1928: <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Windaus" title="Adolf Windaus">Adolf Windaus</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1929: <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Harden" title="Arthur Harden">Arthur Harden</a> / <a href="/wiki/Hans_von_Euler-Chelpin" title="Hans von Euler-Chelpin">Hans von Euler-Chelpin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1930: <a href="/wiki/Hans_Fischer" title="Hans Fischer">Hans Fischer</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1931: <a href="/wiki/Carl_Bosch" title="Carl Bosch">Carl Bosch</a> / <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Bergius" title="Friedrich Bergius">Friedrich Bergius</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1932: <a href="/wiki/Irving_Langmuir" title="Irving Langmuir">Irving Langmuir</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkgrey">1933</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1934: <a href="/wiki/Harold_Urey" title="Harold Urey">Harold Urey</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1935: <a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Joliot-Curie" title="Frédéric Joliot-Curie">Frédéric Joliot-Curie</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ir%C3%A8ne_Joliot-Curie" title="Irène Joliot-Curie">Irène Joliot-Curie</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1936: <a href="/wiki/Peter_Debye" title="Peter Debye">Peter Debye</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1937: <a href="/wiki/Norman_Haworth" title="Norman Haworth">Norman Haworth</a> / <a href="/wiki/Paul_Karrer" title="Paul Karrer">Paul Karrer</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1938: <a href="/wiki/Richard_Kuhn" title="Richard Kuhn">Richard Kuhn</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1939: <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Butenandt" title="Adolf Butenandt">Adolf Butenandt</a> / <a href="/wiki/Leopold_Ru%C5%BEi%C4%8Dka" title="Leopold Ružička">Leopold Ružička</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkgrey">1940</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkgrey">1941</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkgrey">1942</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1943: <a href="/wiki/George_de_Hevesy" title="George de Hevesy">George de Hevesy</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1944: <a href="/wiki/Otto_Hahn" title="Otto Hahn">Otto Hahn</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1945: <a href="/wiki/Artturi_Ilmari_Virtanen" title="Artturi Ilmari Virtanen">Artturi Virtanen</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1946: <a href="/wiki/James_B._Sumner" title="James B. Sumner">James B. Sumner</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_Howard_Northrop" title="John Howard Northrop">John Northrop</a> / <a href="/wiki/Wendell_Meredith_Stanley" title="Wendell Meredith Stanley">Wendell Meredith Stanley</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1947: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Robinson_(chemist)" title="Robert Robinson (chemist)">Robert Robinson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1948: <a href="/wiki/Arne_Tiselius" title="Arne Tiselius">Arne Tiselius</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1949: <a href="/wiki/William_Giauque" title="William Giauque">William Giauque</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1950: <a href="/wiki/Otto_Diels" title="Otto Diels">Otto Diels</a> / <a href="/wiki/Kurt_Alder" title="Kurt Alder">Kurt Alder</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1951–1975</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">1951: <a href="/wiki/Edwin_McMillan" title="Edwin McMillan">Edwin McMillan</a> / <a href="/wiki/Glenn_T._Seaborg" title="Glenn T. Seaborg">Glenn T. Seaborg</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1952: <a href="/wiki/Archer_Martin" title="Archer Martin">Archer Martin</a> / <a href="/wiki/Richard_Laurence_Millington_Synge" title="Richard Laurence Millington Synge">Richard Synge</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1953: <a href="/wiki/Hermann_Staudinger" title="Hermann Staudinger">Hermann Staudinger</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1954: <a href="/wiki/Linus_Pauling" title="Linus Pauling">Linus Pauling</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1955: <a href="/wiki/Vincent_du_Vigneaud" title="Vincent du Vigneaud">Vincent du Vigneaud</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1956: <a href="/wiki/Cyril_Norman_Hinshelwood" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyril Norman Hinshelwood">Cyril Hinshelwood</a> / <a href="/wiki/Nikolay_Semyonov" title="Nikolay Semyonov">Nikolay Semyonov</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1957: <a href="/wiki/Alexander_R._Todd" class="mw-redirect" title="Alexander R. Todd">Alexander Todd</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1958: <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Sanger" title="Frederick Sanger">Frederick Sanger</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1959: <a href="/wiki/Jaroslav_Heyrovsk%C3%BD" title="Jaroslav Heyrovský">Jaroslav Heyrovský</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1960: <a href="/wiki/Willard_Libby" title="Willard Libby">Willard Libby</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1961: <a href="/wiki/Melvin_Calvin" title="Melvin Calvin">Melvin Calvin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1962: <a href="/wiki/Max_Perutz" title="Max Perutz">Max Perutz</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_Kendrew" title="John Kendrew">John Kendrew</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1963: <a href="/wiki/Karl_Ziegler" title="Karl Ziegler">Karl Ziegler</a> / <a href="/wiki/Giulio_Natta" title="Giulio Natta">Giulio Natta</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1964: <a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Hodgkin" title="Dorothy Hodgkin">Dorothy Hodgkin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1965: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Burns_Woodward" title="Robert Burns Woodward">Robert Woodward</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1966: <a href="/wiki/Robert_S._Mulliken" title="Robert S. Mulliken">Robert S. Mulliken</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1967: <a href="/wiki/Manfred_Eigen" title="Manfred Eigen">Manfred Eigen</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ronald_George_Wreyford_Norrish" title="Ronald George Wreyford Norrish">Ronald Norrish</a> / <a href="/wiki/George_Porter" title="George Porter">George Porter</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1968: <a href="/wiki/Lars_Onsager" title="Lars Onsager">Lars Onsager</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1969: <a href="/wiki/Derek_Barton" title="Derek Barton">Derek Barton</a> / <a href="/wiki/Odd_Hassel" title="Odd Hassel">Odd Hassel</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1970: <a href="/wiki/Luis_Federico_Leloir" title="Luis Federico Leloir">Luis Federico Leloir</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1971: <a href="/wiki/Gerhard_Herzberg" title="Gerhard Herzberg">Gerhard Herzberg</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1972: <a href="/wiki/Christian_B._Anfinsen" title="Christian B. Anfinsen">Christian B. Anfinsen</a> / <a href="/wiki/Stanford_Moore" title="Stanford Moore">Stanford Moore</a> / <a href="/wiki/William_Howard_Stein" title="William Howard Stein">William Stein</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1973: <a href="/wiki/Ernst_Otto_Fischer" title="Ernst Otto Fischer">Ernst Otto Fischer</a> / <a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Wilkinson" title="Geoffrey Wilkinson">Geoffrey Wilkinson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1974: <a href="/wiki/Paul_Flory" title="Paul Flory">Paul Flory</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1975: <a href="/wiki/John_Cornforth" title="John Cornforth">John Cornforth</a> / <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Prelog" title="Vladimir Prelog">Vladimir Prelog</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1976–2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">1976: <a href="/wiki/William_Lipscomb" title="William Lipscomb">William Lipscomb</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1977: <a href="/wiki/Ilya_Prigogine" title="Ilya Prigogine">Ilya Prigogine</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1978: <a href="/wiki/Peter_D._Mitchell" title="Peter D. Mitchell">Peter D. Mitchell</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1979: <a href="/wiki/Herbert_C._Brown" title="Herbert C. Brown">Herbert C. Brown</a> / <a href="/wiki/Georg_Wittig" title="Georg Wittig">Georg Wittig</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1980: <a href="/wiki/Paul_Berg" title="Paul Berg">Paul Berg</a> / <a href="/wiki/Walter_Gilbert" title="Walter Gilbert">Walter Gilbert</a> / <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Sanger" title="Frederick Sanger">Frederick Sanger</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1981: <a href="/wiki/Kenichi_Fukui" title="Kenichi Fukui">Kenichi Fukui</a> / <a href="/wiki/Roald_Hoffmann" title="Roald Hoffmann">Roald Hoffmann</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1982: <a href="/wiki/Aaron_Klug" title="Aaron Klug">Aaron Klug</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1983: <a href="/wiki/Henry_Taube" title="Henry Taube">Henry Taube</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1984: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Bruce_Merrifield" title="Robert Bruce Merrifield">Robert Merrifield</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1985: <a href="/wiki/Herbert_A._Hauptman" title="Herbert A. Hauptman">Herbert A. Hauptman</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jerome_Karle" title="Jerome Karle">Jerome Karle</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1986: <a href="/wiki/Dudley_R._Herschbach" title="Dudley R. Herschbach">Dudley R. Herschbach</a> / <a href="/wiki/Yuan_T._Lee" title="Yuan T. Lee">Yuan T. Lee</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_Polanyi" title="John Polanyi">John Polanyi</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1987: <a href="/wiki/Donald_J._Cram" title="Donald J. Cram">Donald J. Cram</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jean-Marie_Lehn" title="Jean-Marie Lehn">Jean-Marie Lehn</a> / <a href="/wiki/Charles_J._Pedersen" title="Charles J. Pedersen">Charles J. Pedersen</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1988: <a href="/wiki/Johann_Deisenhofer" title="Johann Deisenhofer">Johann Deisenhofer</a> / <a href="/wiki/Robert_Huber" title="Robert Huber">Robert Huber</a> / <a href="/wiki/Hartmut_Michel" title="Hartmut Michel">Hartmut Michel</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1989: <a href="/wiki/Sidney_Altman" title="Sidney Altman">Sidney Altman</a> / <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Cech" title="Thomas Cech">Thomas Cech</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1990: <a href="/wiki/Elias_James_Corey" title="Elias James Corey">Elias Corey</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1991: <a href="/wiki/Richard_R._Ernst" title="Richard R. Ernst">Richard R. Ernst</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1992: <a href="/wiki/Rudolph_A._Marcus" title="Rudolph A. Marcus">Rudolph A. Marcus</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1993: <a href="/wiki/Kary_Mullis" title="Kary Mullis">Kary Mullis</a> / <a href="/wiki/Michael_Smith_(chemist)" title="Michael Smith (chemist)">Michael Smith</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1994: <a href="/wiki/George_Andrew_Olah" title="George Andrew Olah">George Olah</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1995: <a href="/wiki/Paul_J._Crutzen" title="Paul J. Crutzen">Paul J. Crutzen</a> / <a href="/wiki/Mario_Molina" title="Mario Molina">Mario Molina</a> / <a href="/wiki/F._Sherwood_Rowland" title="F. Sherwood Rowland">F. Sherwood Rowland</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1996: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Curl" title="Robert Curl">Robert Curl</a> / <a href="/wiki/Harry_Kroto" title="Harry Kroto">Harold Kroto</a> / <a href="/wiki/Richard_Smalley" title="Richard Smalley">Richard Smalley</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1997: <a href="/wiki/Paul_D._Boyer" title="Paul D. Boyer">Paul D. Boyer</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_E._Walker" title="John E. Walker">John E. Walker</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jens_Christian_Skou" title="Jens Christian Skou">Jens Christian Skou</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1998: <a href="/wiki/Walter_Kohn" title="Walter Kohn">Walter Kohn</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_Pople" title="John Pople">John Pople</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1999: <a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Zewail" title="Ahmed Zewail">Ahmed Zewail</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2000: <a href="/wiki/Alan_J._Heeger" title="Alan J. Heeger">Alan J. Heeger</a> / <a href="/wiki/Alan_MacDiarmid" title="Alan MacDiarmid">Alan MacDiarmid</a> / <a href="/wiki/Hideki_Shirakawa" title="Hideki Shirakawa">Hideki Shirakawa</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2001–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">2001: <a href="/wiki/William_Standish_Knowles" title="William Standish Knowles">William Knowles</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ry%C5%8Dji_Noyori" title="Ryōji Noyori">Ryoji Noyori</a> / <a href="/wiki/Karl_Barry_Sharpless" title="Karl Barry Sharpless">K. Barry Sharpless</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2002: <a href="/wiki/John_B._Fenn" title="John B. Fenn">John B. Fenn</a> / <a href="/wiki/Koichi_Tanaka" title="Koichi Tanaka">Koichi Tanaka</a> / <a href="/wiki/Kurt_W%C3%BCthrich" title="Kurt Wüthrich">Kurt Wüthrich</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2003: <a href="/wiki/Peter_Agre" title="Peter Agre">Peter Agre</a> / <a href="/wiki/Roderick_MacKinnon" title="Roderick MacKinnon">Roderick MacKinnon</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2004: <a href="/wiki/Aaron_Ciechanover" title="Aaron Ciechanover">Aaron Ciechanover</a> / <a href="/wiki/Avram_Hershko" title="Avram Hershko">Avram Hershko</a> / <a href="/wiki/Irwin_Rose" title="Irwin Rose">Irwin Rose</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2005: <a href="/wiki/Robert_H._Grubbs" title="Robert H. Grubbs">Robert H. Grubbs</a> / <a href="/wiki/Richard_R._Schrock" title="Richard R. Schrock">Richard R. Schrock</a> / <a href="/wiki/Yves_Chauvin" title="Yves Chauvin">Yves Chauvin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2006: <a href="/wiki/Roger_D._Kornberg" title="Roger D. Kornberg">Roger D. Kornberg</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2007: <a href="/wiki/Gerhard_Ertl" title="Gerhard Ertl">Gerhard Ertl</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2008: <a href="/wiki/Osamu_Shimomura" title="Osamu Shimomura">Osamu Shimomura</a> / <a href="/wiki/Martin_Chalfie" title="Martin Chalfie">Martin Chalfie</a> / <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Roger Y. Tsien</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2009: <a href="/wiki/Venki_Ramakrishnan" title="Venki Ramakrishnan">Venkatraman Ramakrishnan</a> / <a href="/wiki/Thomas_A._Steitz" title="Thomas A. Steitz">Thomas A. Steitz</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ada_Yonath" title="Ada Yonath">Ada E. Yonath</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2010: <a href="/wiki/Richard_F._Heck" title="Richard F. Heck">Richard F. Heck</a> / <a href="/wiki/Akira_Suzuki" title="Akira Suzuki">Akira Suzuki</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ei-ichi_Negishi" title="Ei-ichi Negishi">Ei-ichi Negishi</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2011: <a href="/wiki/Dan_Shechtman" title="Dan Shechtman">Dan Shechtman</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2012: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Lefkowitz" title="Robert Lefkowitz">Robert Lefkowitz</a> / <a href="/wiki/Brian_Kobilka" title="Brian Kobilka">Brian Kobilka</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2013: <a href="/wiki/Martin_Karplus" title="Martin Karplus">Martin Karplus</a> / <a href="/wiki/Michael_Levitt_(biophysicist)" title="Michael Levitt (biophysicist)">Michael Levitt</a> / <a href="/wiki/Arieh_Warshel" title="Arieh Warshel">Arieh Warshel</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2014: <a href="/wiki/Eric_Betzig" title="Eric Betzig">Eric Betzig</a> / <a href="/wiki/Stefan_Hell" title="Stefan Hell">Stefan Hell</a> / <a href="/wiki/William_E._Moerner" title="William E. Moerner">William E. Moerner</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2015: <a href="/wiki/Tomas_Lindahl" title="Tomas Lindahl">Tomas Lindahl</a> / <a href="/wiki/Paul_L._Modrich" title="Paul L. Modrich">Paul L. Modrich</a> / <a href="/wiki/Aziz_Sancar" title="Aziz Sancar">Aziz Sancar</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2016: <a href="/wiki/Jean-Pierre_Sauvage" title="Jean-Pierre Sauvage">Jean-Pierre Sauvage</a> / <a href="/wiki/Fraser_Stoddart" title="Fraser Stoddart">Fraser Stoddart</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ben_Feringa" title="Ben Feringa">Ben Feringa</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2017: <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Dubochet" title="Jacques Dubochet">Jacques Dubochet</a> / <a href="/wiki/Joachim_Frank" title="Joachim Frank">Joachim Frank</a> / <a href="/wiki/Richard_Henderson_(biologist)" title="Richard Henderson (biologist)">Richard Henderson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2018: <a href="/wiki/Frances_Arnold" title="Frances Arnold">Frances Arnold</a> / <a href="/wiki/Gregory_Winter" title="Gregory Winter">Gregory Winter</a> / <a href="/wiki/George_Smith_(chemist)" title="George Smith (chemist)">George Smith</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2019: <a href="/wiki/John_B._Goodenough" title="John B. Goodenough">John B. Goodenough</a> / <a href="/wiki/M._Stanley_Whittingham" title="M. Stanley Whittingham">M. Stanley Whittingham</a> / <a href="/wiki/Akira_Yoshino" title="Akira Yoshino">Akira Yoshino</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2020: <a href="/wiki/Emmanuelle_Charpentier" title="Emmanuelle Charpentier">Emmanuelle Charpentier</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jennifer_Doudna" title="Jennifer Doudna">Jennifer Doudna</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2021: <a href="/wiki/David_MacMillan" title="David MacMillan">David MacMillan</a> / <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_List" title="Benjamin List">Benjamin List</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2022: <a href="/wiki/Carolyn_Bertozzi" title="Carolyn Bertozzi">Carolyn R. Bertozzi</a> / <a href="/wiki/Morten_P._Meldal" title="Morten P. Meldal">Morten P. Meldal</a> / <a href="/wiki/Karl_Barry_Sharpless" title="Karl Barry Sharpless">Karl Barry Sharpless</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2023: <a href="/wiki/Moungi_Bawendi" title="Moungi Bawendi">Moungi G. Bawendi</a> / <a href="/wiki/Louis_E._Brus" title="Louis E. Brus">Louis E. Brus</a> / <a href="/wiki/Alexey_Ekimov" title="Alexey Ekimov">Alexei I. Ekimov</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2024: <a href="/wiki/David_Baker_(biochemist)" title="David Baker (biochemist)">David Baker</a> / <a href="/wiki/Demis_Hassabis" title="Demis Hassabis">Demis Hassabis</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_M._Jumper" title="John M. Jumper">John M. Jumper</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Han_Chinese_Nobel_laureates" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ethnic_Chinese_Nobel_laureates" title="Template:Ethnic Chinese Nobel laureates"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ethnic_Chinese_Nobel_laureates" title="Template talk:Ethnic Chinese Nobel laureates"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ethnic_Chinese_Nobel_laureates" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ethnic Chinese Nobel laureates"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Han_Chinese_Nobel_laureates" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Han_Chinese" title="Han Chinese">Han Chinese</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Chinese_Nobel_laureates" title="List of Chinese Nobel laureates">Nobel laureates</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Chemistry" title="Nobel Prize in Chemistry">Chemistry</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yuan_T._Lee" title="Yuan T. Lee">Yuan T. Lee</a> (1986)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Roger Y. Tsien</a> (2008)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/NobelP2.png/80px-NobelP2.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/NobelP2.png/120px-NobelP2.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/NobelP2.png/160px-NobelP2.png 2x" data-file-width="539" data-file-height="542" /></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physics" title="Nobel Prize in Physics">Physics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yang_Chen-Ning" title="Yang Chen-Ning">Chen-Ning Yang</a> (1957)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsung-Dao_Lee" title="Tsung-Dao Lee">Tsung-Dao Lee</a> (1957)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_C._C._Ting" title="Samuel C. C. Ting">Samuel C. C. Ting</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steven_Chu" title="Steven Chu">Steven Chu</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_C._Tsui" title="Daniel C. Tsui">Daniel C. Tsui</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_K._Kao" title="Charles K. Kao">Charles K. Kao</a> (2009)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Peace" class="mw-redirect" title="Nobel Prize in Peace">Peace</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liu_Xiaobo" title="Liu Xiaobo">Liu Xiaobo</a> (2010)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="Nobel Prize in Literature">Literature</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gao_Xingjian" title="Gao Xingjian">Gao Xingjian</a> (2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mo_Yan" title="Mo Yan">Mo Yan</a> (2012)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physiology_or_Medicine" title="Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine">Physiology or Medicine</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tu_Youyou" title="Tu Youyou">Tu Youyou</a> (2015)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_2006" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:FRS_2006" title="Template:FRS 2006"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:FRS_2006" title="Template talk:FRS 2006"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:FRS_2006" title="Special:EditPage/Template:FRS 2006"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_2006" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Fellow_of_the_Royal_Society" title="Fellow of the Royal Society">Fellows</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Society" title="Royal Society">Royal Society</a> elected <a href="/wiki/List_of_Fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_2006" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Fellows of the Royal Society elected in 2006">in 2006</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fellows</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Alder" title="Roger Alder">Roger Alder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Barford" title="David Barford">David Barford</a></li> <li><i><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15440829" class="extiw" title="d:Q15440829">Stephen Barnett</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allan_Basbaum" title="Allan Basbaum">Allan Basbaum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Battarbee" title="Richard Battarbee">Richard Battarbee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Axel_D._Becke" title="Axel D. Becke">Axel Becke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valerie_Beral" title="Valerie Beral">Valerie Beral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Browne,_Baron_Browne_of_Madingley" title="John Browne, Baron Browne of Madingley">John Browne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Donnelly" title="Peter Donnelly">Peter Donnelly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Eland_(chemist)" title="John Eland (chemist)">John Eland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Ewins" title="David Ewins">David Ewins</a></li> <li><i><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21165854" class="extiw" title="d:Q21165854">David Farmer</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marc_Feldmann" title="Marc Feldmann">Marc Feldmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Foxon" title="Tom Foxon">Tom Foxon</a></li> <li><i><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21166682" class="extiw" title="d:Q21166682">Matthew Freeman</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_J._Friston" title="Karl J. Friston">Karl Friston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigel_Grindley" title="Nigel Grindley">Nigel Grindley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andy_Hopper" title="Andy Hopper">Andy Hopper</a></li> <li><i><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21165168" class="extiw" title="d:Q21165168">Peter Hunter</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Jackson_(biochemist)" title="Richard Jackson (biochemist)">Richard Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_A._Jones_(physicist)" title="Richard A. Jones (physicist)">Richard Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calestous_Juma" title="Calestous Juma">Calestous Juma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Lockwood_(physicist)" title="Mike Lockwood (physicist)">Mike Lockwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruth_Lynden-Bell" title="Ruth Lynden-Bell">Ruth Lynden-Bell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trudy_Mackay" title="Trudy Mackay">Trudy Mackay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerrold_E._Marsden" title="Jerrold E. Marsden">Jerrold Marsden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_A._Martienssen" title="Robert A. Martienssen">Robert Martienssen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramesh_Narayan_(astrophysicist)" title="Ramesh Narayan (astrophysicist)">Ramesh Narayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raymond_Ogden" title="Raymond Ogden">Raymond Ogden</a></li> <li><i><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21165177" class="extiw" title="d:Q21165177">Peter Parker</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21166033" class="extiw" title="d:Q21166033">John Pearce</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malik_Peiris" title="Malik Peiris">Malik Peiris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Proctor_(academic)" title="Michael Proctor (academic)">Michael Proctor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atta-ur-Rahman_(chemist)" title="Atta-ur-Rahman (chemist)">Atta-ur-Rahman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_Saibil" title="Helen Saibil">Helen Saibil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Shepherd-Barron" title="Nicholas Shepherd-Barron">Nicholas Shepherd-Barron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austin_Gerard_Smith" title="Austin Gerard Smith">Austin Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nahum_Sonenberg" title="Nahum Sonenberg">Nahum Sonenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mriganka_Sur" title="Mriganka Sur">Mriganka Sur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_West_(physicist)" title="Peter West (physicist)">Peter West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_White_(physician)" title="Nicholas White (physician)">Nicholas White</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Wilson_(academic)" title="Alan Wilson (academic)">Alan Wilson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D._P._Woodruff" title="D. P. Woodruff">Phil Woodruff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ziheng_Yang" title="Ziheng Yang">Ziheng Yang</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Foreign</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Arrow" title="Kenneth Arrow">Kenneth Arrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89douard_Br%C3%A9zin" title="Édouard Brézin">Édouard Brézin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_J._Crutzen" title="Paul J. Crutzen">Paul Crutzen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daan_Frenkel" title="Daan Frenkel">Daan Frenkel</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Roger Tsien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Woese" title="Carl Woese">Carl Woese</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Honorary</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Kohn" title="Ralph Kohn">Ralph Kohn</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000056022103">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/40149196292274791017">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/1172987521">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n00121012">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=js20081021009&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p262031507">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/11084811">Norway</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.uri?authorId=7201933927">Scopus</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/260422053">IdRef</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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