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id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">个人工具</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="用户菜单" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=zh.wikipedia.org&uselang=zh"><span>资助维基百科</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&returnto=%E7%BA%A7+%28%E8%AF%AD%E6%B3%95%29" title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录，但这不是强制性的"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>创建账号</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E7%BA%A7+%28%E8%AF%AD%E6%B3%95%29" title="建议你登录，尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>登录</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 未登录编辑者的页面 <a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" aria-label="了解有关编辑的更多信息"><span>了解详情</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="来自此IP地址的编辑列表[y]" accesskey="y"><span>贡献</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="对于来自此IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-级別" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#级別"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>级別</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-级別-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-语言范例" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#语言范例"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>语言范例</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-语言范例-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关语言范例子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-语言范例-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-希腊语" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#希腊语"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>希腊语</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-希腊语-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-英语、德语" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#英语、德语"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>英语、德语</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-英语、德语-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参见" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参见"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>参见</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参见-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">级 (语法)</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。31种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-31" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">31种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trappe_van_vergelyking" title="Trappe van vergelyking – 南非荷兰语" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Trappe van vergelyking" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="南非荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%96_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%9E%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F" title="Ступені параўнання – 白俄罗斯语" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Ступені параўнання" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="白俄罗斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5_(%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0)" title="Степенуване (граматика) – 保加利亚语" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Степенуване (граматика)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stup%C5%88ov%C3%A1n%C3%AD" title="Stupňování – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Stupňování" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komparation" title="Komparation – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Komparation" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_(grammar)" title="Comparison (grammar) – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Comparison (grammar)" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grado_(gramatika)" title="Grado (gramatika) – 世界语" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Grado (gramatika)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grado_(gram%C3%A1tica)" title="Grado (gramática) – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Grado (gramática)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%B5rded" title="Võrded – 爱沙尼亚语" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Võrded" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="爱沙尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%82%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B3%D9%87_(%D8%AF%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1_%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86)" title="مقایسه (دستور زبان) – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مقایسه (دستور زبان)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%B5rd%C3%B5q" title="Võrdõq – 佛羅文" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Võrdõq" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="佛羅文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Degr%C3%A9_de_comparaison" title="Degré de comparaison – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Degré de comparaison" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coimeasach" title="Coimeasach – 苏格兰盖尔语" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Coimeasach" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="苏格兰盖尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fokoz%C3%A1s_(nyelv%C3%A9szet)" title="Fokozás (nyelvészet) – 匈牙利语" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Fokozás (nyelvészet)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%AE%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%AB_%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%A5%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%AB%D5%B3%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Ածականի համեմատության աստիճաններ – 亚美尼亚语" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ածականի համեմատության աստիճաններ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="亚美尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tingkat_perbandingan" title="Tingkat perbandingan – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Tingkat perbandingan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stigbreyting" title="Stigbreyting – 冰岛语" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Stigbreyting" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="冰岛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grado_di_comparazione" title="Grado di comparazione – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Grado di comparazione" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparatio" title="Comparatio – 拉丁语" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Comparatio" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="拉丁语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laipsnis_(gramatika)" title="Laipsnis (gramatika) – 立陶宛语" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Laipsnis (gramatika)" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="立陶宛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trappen_van_vergelijking" title="Trappen van vergelijking – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Trappen van vergelijking" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gradacja_(j%C4%99zykoznawstwo)" title="Gradacja (językoznawstwo) – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Gradacja (językoznawstwo)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grau_(gram%C3%A1tica)" title="Grau (gramática) – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Grau (gramática)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grad_de_compara%C8%9Bie" title="Grad de comparație – 罗马尼亚语" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Grad de comparație" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D1%81%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Степени сравнения – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Степени сравнения" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_(grammar)" title="Comparison (grammar) – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Comparison (grammar)" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komparation" title="Komparation – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Komparation" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%86%E0%AE%99%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B2_%E0%AE%92%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%81_%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="ஆங்கில ஒப்பீட்டு வாக்கியம் – 泰米尔语" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ஆங்கில ஒப்பீட்டு வாக்கியம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="泰米尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8E%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F" title="Ступенювання – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Ступенювання" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rimetaedje_(croejhete)" title="Rimetaedje (croejhete) – 瓦隆语" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Rimetaedje (croejhete)" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="瓦隆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B4%9A_(%E6%96%87%E6%B3%95)" title="級 (文法) – 粤语" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="級 (文法)" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="粤语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">外观</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div 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title="人称">人称</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8A%E7%89%A9%E6%80%A7" title="及物性">及物性</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E9%85%8D%E4%BB%B7" title="配价">配价</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%BA%E5%85%83" title="论元">论元</a>）</li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#ddf; padding:0.2em 0.4em"> 形态语义范畴</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="font-size: 120%; padding-top: 0.4em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%B6%E6%80%81" title="时态">時</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%93_(%E8%AF%AD%E6%B3%95)" title="体 (语法)">體</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%AD%E6%80%81" title="语态">態</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%AD%E6%B0%94" title="语气">语气</a>、<a class="mw-selflink selflink">级</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="极性 (语法)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Affirmation and negation"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9E%81%E6%80%A7_(%E8%AF%AD%E6%B3%95)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="极性 (语法)（页面不存在）">极性</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Affirmation_and_negation" class="extiw" title="en:Affirmation and negation"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Affirmation and negation</span></a></span>）</span></span>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%89%E7%94%9F%E6%80%A7" title="有生性">有生性</a>、<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="有标性" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Markedness"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%89%E6%A0%87%E6%80%A7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="有标性（页面不存在）">有标性</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Markedness" class="extiw" title="en:Markedness"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Markedness</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%9A%E6%8C%87%E6%80%A7" title="定指性">定指性</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%AD%89%E6%93%9A%E6%80%A7_(%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80%E5%AD%B8)" class="mw-redirect" title="證據性 (語言學)">言据性</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%89%E7%95%8C%E6%80%A7_(%E8%AF%AD%E6%B3%95)" title="有界性 (语法)">有界性</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar" style="line-height:1.6"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84244141">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:110%;margin:0 8em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:110%;margin:0 5em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E8%AA%9E%E6%B3%95%E7%AF%84%E7%96%87" title="Template:語法範疇"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E8%AA%9E%E6%B3%95%E7%AF%84%E7%96%87" title="Template talk:語法範疇"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E8%AA%9E%E6%B3%95%E7%AF%84%E7%96%87" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:語法範疇"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>级范畴</b>，是<a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80%E5%AD%A6" title="语言学">语言学</a>中的<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%AF%E8%AF%AD" title="术语">术语</a>，是关于<a href="/wiki/%E5%BD%A2%E5%AE%B9%E8%AF%8D" title="形容词">形容词</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%89%AF%E8%A9%9E" title="副詞">副词</a>的性质、状态在用于比较时的不同程度的<a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%AD%E6%B3%95%E8%8C%83%E7%95%B4" title="语法范畴">语法范畴</a>，属于比较常见的一类<a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%AD%E6%B3%95%E8%8C%83%E7%95%B4" title="语法范畴">语法范畴</a>。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="级別"><span id=".E7.BA.A7.E5.88.A5"></span>级別</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BA%A7_(%E8%AF%AD%E6%B3%95)&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：级別"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>级范畴可能包括以下几类： </p> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8E%9F%E7%BA%A7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="原级（页面不存在）">原级</a> （<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E8%AF%AD" title="拉丁语">拉丁语</a>ponere）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%94%E8%BE%83%E7%BA%A7" title="比较级">比较级</a>（拉丁语comparare）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%80%E9%AB%98%E7%BA%A7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="最高级（页面不存在）">最高级</a>（拉丁语superferre）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BB%9D%E5%AF%B9%E6%9C%80%E9%AB%98%E7%BA%A7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="绝对最高级（页面不存在）">绝对最高级</a>（拉丁语efferre）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BF%87%E5%BA%A6%E7%BA%A7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="过度级（页面不存在）">过度级</a>（拉丁语excedere）</li></ul> <p>在特定语言中可能更多或更少。大多数语言中只有前三种广为应用。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="语言范例"><span id=".E8.AF.AD.E8.A8.80.E8.8C.83.E4.BE.8B"></span>语言范例</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BA%A7_(%E8%AF%AD%E6%B3%95)&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：语言范例"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="希腊语"><span id=".E5.B8.8C.E8.85.8A.E8.AF.AD"></span>希腊语</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BA%A7_(%E8%AF%AD%E6%B3%95)&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：希腊语"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E8%85%8A%E8%AF%AD" title="希腊语">希腊语</a>有四种级： </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>级别</th> <th>（新）希腊语</th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD" title="汉语">汉语</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td>原级</td> <td><span lang="el">(ευγενικός)</span>/ewjenikós/</td> <td>礼貌地 </td></tr> <tr> <td>比较级</td> <td><span lang="el">(ευγενικότερος)</span>/ewjenikóteros/</td> <td>更礼貌地 </td></tr> <tr> <td>最高级</td> <td><span lang="el">(ο ευγενικότερος)</span>/o ewjenikóteros/</td> <td>最礼貌地 </td></tr> <tr> <td>绝对最高级</td> <td><span lang="el">(ευγενικότατος)</span>/ewjenikótatos/</td> <td>（大约译为）非常礼貌地/极其礼貌地/无比礼貌地 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="英语、德语"><span id=".E8.8B.B1.E8.AF.AD.E3.80.81.E5.BE.B7.E8.AF.AD"></span>英语、德语</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BA%A7_(%E8%AF%AD%E6%B3%95)&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：英语、德语"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD" title="英语">英语</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD" title="德语">德语</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E8%AA%9E" title="荷蘭語">荷蘭語</a>均为日耳曼语系语言，其语法有共通之处。 </p><p>英语、德语、荷蘭語中级范畴有三个“比较等级”（英語：<span lang="en">degrees of comparison</span>）：原级（英語：<span lang="en">the positive degree</span>)，比较级（英語：<span lang="en">the comparative degree</span>），最高级（英語：<span lang="en">the superlative degree</span>）<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。在英语和德语中，不同的形容词和副词的级范畴所使用的<a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%AD%E6%B3%95%E6%89%8B%E6%AE%B5" title="语法手段">语法手段</a>是多样的。英语拥有以下的三种，而德语只拥有前两种。 </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>语法手段</th> <th>原级 <br />英语／德语／荷蘭語</th> <th>比较级 <br />英语／德语／荷蘭語</th> <th>最高级 <br />英语／德语／荷蘭語 </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E8%A9%9E%E5%B9%B9" title="詞幹">异干互补</a></td> <td>good／gut／goed（好）</td> <td>better／/besser／beter（更好）</td> <td>best／best 或 am besten／best（最好） </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%8D%E7%BC%80" class="mw-redirect" title="词缀">附加词缀</a></td> <td>fast／schnell／snel（快）</td> <td>faster／scheller／sneller（更快）</td> <td>fastest／schnellst 或 am schnellsten／snelst（最快） </td></tr> <tr> <td>使用<a href="/wiki/%E8%99%9A%E8%AF%8D" title="虚词">虚词</a></td> <td>beautiful（美）</td> <td>more beautiful（更美）</td> <td>most beautiful（最美） </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参见"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.A7.81"></span>参见</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BA%A7_(%E8%AF%AD%E6%B3%95)&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：参见"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%AD%E6%B3%95%E8%8C%83%E7%95%B4" title="语法范畴">语法范畴</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%AD%E6%B3%95%E6%89%8B%E6%AE%B5" title="语法手段">语法手段</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%94%E8%BE%83%E7%BA%A7" title="比较级">比较级</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%80%E9%AB%98%E7%BA%A7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="最高级（页面不存在）">最高级</a></li></ul> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">张道真. 实用英语语法. 外语教学与研究出版社. 2002.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%BA%A7+%28%E8%AF%AD%E6%B3%95%29&rft.au=%E5%BC%A0%E9%81%93%E7%9C%9F&rft.btitle=%E5%AE%9E%E7%94%A8%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD%E8%AF%AD%E6%B3%95&rft.date=2002&rft.genre=book&rft.pub=%E5%A4%96%E8%AF%AD%E6%95%99%E5%AD%A6%E4%B8%8E%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">检索自“<a dir="ltr" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=级_(语法)&oldid=54565434">https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=级_(语法)&oldid=54565434</a>”</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a 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