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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Wind farms</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Wind_farms-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Wind_power_by_state" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Wind_power_by_state"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Wind power by state</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Wind_power_by_state-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Economics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Environmental_impact" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Environmental_impact"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Environmental impact</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Environmental_impact-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Politics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Politics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Politics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Politics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Major_wind_projects" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Major_wind_projects"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Major wind projects</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Major_wind_projects-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" 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Consider <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Splitting" title="Wikipedia:Splitting">splitting</a> content into sub-articles, <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Summary_style" title="Wikipedia:Summary style">condensing</a> it, or adding <a href="/wiki/Help:Section#Subsections" title="Help:Section">subheadings</a>. Please discuss this issue on the article's <a href="/wiki/Talk:Wind_power_in_Australia" title="Talk:Wind power in Australia">talk page</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">November 2024</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lake_Bonney_wind_farmDKC1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Lake_Bonney_wind_farmDKC1.jpg/170px-Lake_Bonney_wind_farmDKC1.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Lake_Bonney_wind_farmDKC1.jpg/255px-Lake_Bonney_wind_farmDKC1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7a/Lake_Bonney_wind_farmDKC1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="299" data-file-height="400" /></a><figcaption>Early morning at the 239 MW <a href="/wiki/Lake_Bonney_Wind_Farm" title="Lake Bonney Wind Farm">Lake Bonney Wind Farm</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><a href="/wiki/Wind_power" title="Wind power">Wind power</a> is a type of power using wind turbines allowing for electricity to be made and stored without the use of fossil fuels, including the <a href="/wiki/Sustainable_energy" title="Sustainable energy">green power</a> in Australia’s energy sectors. As of October 2023, the nation has an installed wind capacity of around 9,100 <a href="/wiki/Megawatts" class="mw-redirect" title="Megawatts">megawatts</a> (MW). It accounts for approximately 5% of the country's total primary energy supply and 35% of its <a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy" title="Renewable energy">renewable energy</a> supply. <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia's</a> geographical features, including its southern regions and the eastern slopes of the Great Dividing Range, are particularly conducive to wind energy development. Most of Australia's wind farms are situated in coastal areas. </p><p>In December 2022, the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Government" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal Government">Federal Government</a> officially designated the Bass Strait off Gippsland as Australia's first offshore wind zone. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Wind_resources">Wind resources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wind_power_in_Australia&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Wind resources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Australia_Wind_Power_Density_Map.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Australia_Wind_Power_Density_Map.png/220px-Australia_Wind_Power_Density_Map.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Australia_Wind_Power_Density_Map.png/330px-Australia_Wind_Power_Density_Map.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Australia_Wind_Power_Density_Map.png/440px-Australia_Wind_Power_Density_Map.png 2x" data-file-width="1976" data-file-height="1382" /></a><figcaption>Map of wind resources in Australia</figcaption></figure> <p>The abundant wind resources in <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a> provide for the country to grow its renewable energy sector. The southern coastline lies in the <a href="/wiki/Roaring_forties" class="mw-redirect" title="Roaring forties">Roaring Forties</a>. Sites have average wind speeds above 8–9 m/s at turbine hub height.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Australian wind farms produce an average <a href="/wiki/Capacity_factor" title="Capacity factor">capacity factor</a> range of 30–35%. <a href="/wiki/South_Australia" title="South Australia">South Australia</a>'s large share (along with nearby <a href="/wiki/Victoria_(state)" title="Victoria (state)">Victoria</a>) means most of Australia's wind power occurs around the same time. The <a href="/wiki/Correlation_and_dependence" class="mw-redirect" title="Correlation and dependence">correlation</a> between <a href="/wiki/South_Australia" title="South Australia">South Australia</a> and <a href="/wiki/New_South_Wales" title="New South Wales">New South Wales</a> is 0.34, while the <a href="/wiki/Correlation_coefficient" title="Correlation coefficient">correlation</a> between <a href="/wiki/South_Australia" title="South Australia">South Australia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tasmania" title="Tasmania">Tasmania</a> is 0.10.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Wind_farms">Wind farms</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wind_power_in_Australia&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Wind farms"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_wind_farms_in_Australia" title="List of wind farms in Australia">List of wind farms in Australia</a></div> <p>As of September 2024, there were 90 operational <a href="/wiki/Wind_farm" title="Wind farm">wind farms</a> in Australia, totalling 11,420 MW in capacity.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The largest wind farm is <a href="/wiki/Coopers_Gap_Wind_Farm" title="Coopers Gap Wind Farm">Coopers Gap Wind Farm</a> in <a href="/wiki/Queensland" title="Queensland">Queensland</a>, which began generating to the grid in June 2019, with a capacity of 453 MW.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of December 2019, 50 <a href="/wiki/Coopers_Gap_Wind_Farm" title="Coopers Gap Wind Farm">Coopers Gap Wind Farm</a>'s turbines out of the initial 123 were operational.<sup id="cite_ref-CEC_2021_report_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CEC_2021_report-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By generating capacity, the ten largest wind farms in Australia are: </p> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col" width="40">No. </th> <th scope="col" width="240">Project </th> <th scope="col" width="120">State </th> <th scope="col" width="120">Capacity (MW) </th></tr> <tr> <td>1</td> <td>MacIntyre Wind Farm Project (expected completion 2024)</td> <td>Queensland</td> <td align="center">1026 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Coopers_Gap_Wind_Farm" title="Coopers Gap Wind Farm">Coopers Gap Wind Farm</a></td> <td>Queensland</td> <td align="center">453 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Macarthur_Wind_Farm" title="Macarthur Wind Farm">Macarthur Wind Farm</a></td> <td>Victoria</td> <td align="center">420 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Snowtown_Wind_Farm" title="Snowtown Wind Farm">Snowtown Wind Farm</a></td> <td>South Australia</td> <td align="center">369 </td></tr> <tr> <td>5</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hallett_Wind_Farm" title="Hallett Wind Farm">Hallett Wind Farm</a></td> <td>South Australia</td> <td align="center">351 </td></tr> <tr> <td>6</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hornsdale_Wind_Farm" title="Hornsdale Wind Farm">Hornsdale Wind Farm</a></td> <td>South Australia</td> <td align="center">315 </td></tr> <tr> <td>7</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lake_Bonney_Wind_Farm" title="Lake Bonney Wind Farm">Lake Bonney Wind Farm</a></td> <td>South Australia</td> <td align="center">278 </td></tr> <tr> <td>7 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sapphire_Wind_Farm" title="Sapphire Wind Farm">Sapphire Wind Farm</a><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>New South Wales</td> <td align="center">270 </td></tr> <tr> <td>8</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ararat_Wind_Farm" title="Ararat Wind Farm">Ararat Wind Farm</a><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>Victoria</td> <td align="center">240 </td></tr> <tr> <td>9</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Murra_Warra_Wind_Farm" title="Murra Warra Wind Farm">Murra Warra Wind Farm</a></td> <td>Victoria</td> <td align="center">226 </td></tr> <tr> <td>10</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Collgar_Wind_Farm" title="Collgar Wind Farm">Collgar Wind Farm</a></td> <td>Western Australia</td> <td align="center">222 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Australia's first commercial wind farm, Salmon Beach Wind Farm, near Esperanza in <a href="/wiki/Western_Australia" title="Western Australia">Western Australia</a>, operated for 15 years from 1987 but was decommissioned due to urban encroachment. It has since been replaced by <a href="/wiki/Ten_Mile_Lagoon_Wind_Farm" title="Ten Mile Lagoon Wind Farm">Ten Mile Lagoon Wind Farm</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nine_Mile_Beach_Wind_Farm" title="Nine Mile Beach Wind Farm">Nine Mile Beach Wind Farm</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Wind_power_by_state">Wind power by state</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wind_power_in_Australia&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Wind power by state"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Wattle_Point_wind_farm.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Wattle_Point_wind_farm.jpg/220px-Wattle_Point_wind_farm.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Wattle_Point_wind_farm.jpg/330px-Wattle_Point_wind_farm.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Wattle_Point_wind_farm.jpg/440px-Wattle_Point_wind_farm.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2032" data-file-height="1354" /></a><figcaption>Wattle Point wind farm near Edithburgh, South Australia</figcaption></figure> <p>A full listing of all the wind farms in Australia can be found in the <a href="/wiki/List_of_wind_farms_in_Australia" title="List of wind farms in Australia">List of wind farms in Australia</a>. Relevant state articles are: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_New_South_Wales,_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Wind power in New South Wales, Australia">New South Wales wind power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_wind_farms_in_Queensland" title="List of wind farms in Queensland">Queensland wind farms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_South_Australia" title="Wind power in South Australia">South Australia wind power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_wind_farms_in_Tasmania" class="mw-redirect" title="List of wind farms in Tasmania">Tasmania wind farms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_wind_farms_in_Victoria" title="List of wind farms in Victoria">Victoria wind farms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_wind_farms_in_Western_Australia" title="List of wind farms in Western Australia">Western Australia wind farms</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Installed capacity by state</dt></dl> <p>The following figures are based on capacity and generation as of the end of 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-CEC_2021_report_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CEC_2021_report-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Proposed figures are updated to December 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Note that figures may not agree with aggregate figures previously stated, due to different data sources and reporting dates contained within them. </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"> <tbody><tr style="background:#C1D8FF;"> <th rowspan="3"># </th> <th rowspan="3">State / <p>Territory </p> </th> <th colspan="4">Wind Power Capacity </th> <th colspan="2">Proposed </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="4">Installed capacity </th> <th colspan="2">Under construction or committed </th></tr> <tr> <th>Projects </th> <th>Turbines </th> <th>Total MW </th> <th>Penetration (%)<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th>Projects </th> <th>Total MW </th></tr> <tr> <td>1</td> <td style="background: #ececec; color: black; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; text-align: left;" class="table-rh"><a href="/wiki/Victoria_(Australia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Victoria (Australia)">Victoria</a></td> <td>31</td> <td>1,004</td> <td>2,610</td> <td>13.3</td> <td>10</td> <td>1,537 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2</td> <td style="background: #ececec; color: black; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; text-align: left;" class="table-rh"><a href="/wiki/South_Australia" title="South Australia">South Australia</a></td> <td>24</td> <td>820</td> <td>2,053</td> <td>41.5</td> <td>1</td> <td>86 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3</td> <td style="background: #ececec; color: black; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; text-align: left;" class="table-rh"><a href="/wiki/New_South_Wales" title="New South Wales">New South Wales</a></td> <td>20</td> <td>698</td> <td>1,902</td> <td>6.8</td> <td>4</td> <td>729 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4</td> <td style="background: #ececec; color: black; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; text-align: left;" class="table-rh"><a href="/wiki/Western_Australia" title="Western Australia">Western Australia</a></td> <td>16</td> <td>?</td> <td>638</td> <td>12.9</td> <td>4</td> <td>746 </td></tr> <tr> <td>5</td> <td style="background: #ececec; color: black; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; text-align: left;" class="table-rh"><a href="/wiki/Tasmania" title="Tasmania">Tasmania</a></td> <td>5</td> <td>194</td> <td>563</td> <td>14.2</td> <td>0</td> <td>0 </td></tr> <tr> <td>6</td> <td style="background: #ececec; color: black; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; text-align: left;" class="table-rh"><a href="/wiki/Queensland" title="Queensland">Queensland</a></td> <td>2</td> <td>73</td> <td>193</td> <td>2.1</td> <td>4</td> <td>826 </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td style="background: #ececec; color: black; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; text-align: left;" class="table-rh">Australia</td> <td>98</td> <td>2,789+</td> <td>7,959</td> <td>9.9</td> <td>23</td> <td>3,924 </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p>In 2019, <a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_South_Australia" title="Wind power in South Australia">South Australia</a> supplied 29.2% of Australia's wind power, fulfilling 41% of the state's electricity requirements. By the end of 2011, wind power generation in South Australia had reached 26%, surpassing coal-fired power for the first time. At that point, despite comprising only 7.2% of Australia's population, South Australia possessed 54% of the country's installed wind capacity.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Victoria_(Australia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Victoria (Australia)">Victoria</a> also possesses a use of the system. In August 2015, the Victorian government announced financial support for new wind farms as part of an initiative to promote renewable energy within the state. This initiative aimed to expedite the construction of a modest 100 MW of new wind energy, representing a $200 million investment. The government estimated that 2400 MW worth of Victorian projects had been approved but remained unbuilt.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Installed capacity (nameplate) refers to the theoretical maximum capacity of the engineered design under perfect operating conditions. The accepted AEMO rating is the capacity factor rating that accounts for approximately 30 to 35 percent of the installed or nameplate capacity. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economics">Economics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wind_power_in_Australia&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Economics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cullerin_Range_Wind_Farm,_New_South_Wales,_Australia_02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Cullerin_Range_Wind_Farm%2C_New_South_Wales%2C_Australia_02.jpg/170px-Cullerin_Range_Wind_Farm%2C_New_South_Wales%2C_Australia_02.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Cullerin_Range_Wind_Farm%2C_New_South_Wales%2C_Australia_02.jpg/255px-Cullerin_Range_Wind_Farm%2C_New_South_Wales%2C_Australia_02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Cullerin_Range_Wind_Farm%2C_New_South_Wales%2C_Australia_02.jpg/340px-Cullerin_Range_Wind_Farm%2C_New_South_Wales%2C_Australia_02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3024" data-file-height="4032" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Cullerin_Range_Wind_Farm" title="Cullerin Range Wind Farm">Cullerin Range Wind Farm</a> in New South Wales.</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Wind_power#Economics" title="Wind power">Wind power § Economics</a></div> <p>Wind developments typically entail substantial upfront capital costs, with comparatively lower operating expenses. Nevertheless, maintenance costs can accumulate over time due to the necessity for periodic replacement of components susceptible to wear. </p><p>In contrast, conventional energy sources such as gas and coal demand significant initial capital investments and incur ongoing operating costs. Gas and coal power stations also generally have much longer operational lifespans compared to wind turbines. When adequately maintained, coal and gas plants can remain operational for up to three times longer than wind turbines. </p><p>Despite these complexities, existing data indicate that wind energy is one of the most cost-efficient renewable energy sources but approximately two times the cost of coal-generated power in 2006.<sup id="cite_ref-AI_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AI-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When the costs associated with pollution were factored in, it was competitive with coal- and gas-fired power stations even then. By 2014, wind had the lowest <a href="/wiki/Levelised_cost_of_energy" class="mw-redirect" title="Levelised cost of energy">levelised cost of energy</a> (LCOE) of any power source in Australia.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A 2012 study by SKM on the economic benefits of wind farms in Australia<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> found that, for every 50 MW in capacity, a wind farm delivered various benefits. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Environmental_impact">Environmental impact</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wind_power_in_Australia&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Environmental impact"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_wind_power" title="Environmental impact of wind power">Environmental impact of wind power</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Waubra_Wind_Farm-2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Waubra_Wind_Farm-2.jpg/220px-Waubra_Wind_Farm-2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Waubra_Wind_Farm-2.jpg/330px-Waubra_Wind_Farm-2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Waubra_Wind_Farm-2.jpg/440px-Waubra_Wind_Farm-2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5439" data-file-height="3059" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Waubra_Wind_Farm" title="Waubra Wind Farm">Waubra Wind Farm</a> in Victoria.</figcaption></figure> <p>Australia is the fifth highest per capita emitter of <a href="/wiki/Greenhouse_gases" class="mw-redirect" title="Greenhouse gases">greenhouse gases</a> with 25.8 tonne <a href="/wiki/CO2-eq" class="mw-redirect" title="CO2-eq">CO<sub>2</sub>-e</a> per person annually, ranking first of the industrialised countries, and ranks sixteenth of all countries in total country emissions with 495 Mt CO<sub>2</sub>-e per annum.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is one of the major exporters of coal, the burning of which releases CO<sub>2</sub> into the atmosphere. It is also one of the countries most at risk from <a href="/wiki/Climate_change" title="Climate change">climate change</a> according to the <a href="/wiki/Stern_report" class="mw-redirect" title="Stern report">Stern report</a>. This is partially because of the size of its agriculture sector and long coastline. </p><p>Landscape and heritage issues can be a significant issue for certain wind farms. However, these are minimal when compared with the <a href="/wiki/Environmental_effects_of_coal" class="mw-redirect" title="Environmental effects of coal">environmental effects of coal</a>. However, when appropriate planning procedures are followed, the heritage and landscape risks should be minimal. People may still object to wind farms, perhaps on the grounds of aesthetics, but their concerns should be weighed against the need to address the threats posed by climate change and the opinions of the broader community.<sup id="cite_ref-AI_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AI-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Overseas experience has shown that community consultation and direct involvement of the general public in wind farm projects have helped to increase community approval.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some wind farms become tourist attractions.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Garnaut_Climate_Change_Review" title="Garnaut Climate Change Review">Garnaut Climate Change Review</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Carbon_Pollution_Reduction_Scheme" title="Carbon Pollution Reduction Scheme">Carbon Pollution Reduction Scheme</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Mandatory_renewable_energy_target" title="Mandatory renewable energy target">Mandatory Renewable Energy Target</a> announced by the Australian Government involve a reduction in Australian <a href="/wiki/Greenhouse_gas_emissions" title="Greenhouse gas emissions">greenhouse gas emissions</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-smh.com.au_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-smh.com.au-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and wind power would deliver <a href="/wiki/Greenhouse_gas" title="Greenhouse gas">greenhouse gas</a>. </p><p>Based on the 2010 figures for electricity production of 5 TWh nationally, it is estimated that wind power saved Australia 5,100,000 tonnes of CO<sub>2</sub> emissions in that year. In relative terms, that is calculated to be the equivalent of removing 1,133,000 cars from the nation's roads.<sup id="cite_ref-cec-wind-how_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cec-wind-how-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Politics">Politics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wind_power_in_Australia&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Politics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>From 2001 to early 2006, the main driving force for the establishment of wind farms in Australia was the Government's <a href="/wiki/Mandatory_renewable_energy_targets#Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Mandatory renewable energy targets">Mandatory Renewable Energy Target</a> (MRET).<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-diesendorf_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-diesendorf-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, by mid-2006, sufficient renewable energy had been installed or was under construction to meet the small MRET target for 2010. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Mark_Diesendorf" title="Mark Diesendorf">Mark Diesendorf</a> has suggested that the Australian Government has tried to stop the development of wind power, the lowest-cost, new, renewable electricity source until coal-fired power stations with CO<sub>2</sub> capture and sequestration and possibly nuclear power stations were available. However, "clean coal" technologies may not be commercially available for at least 20 years. Furthermore, to bring down the high cost of nuclear power to a level where it could compete with wind power would require a new generation of nuclear power stations that is still on the drawing board, which could take at least 15 years.<sup id="cite_ref-diesendorf_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-diesendorf-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In November 2007, when the Rudd (Labor) government was elected in Australia, it ratified Australia's commitment to the <a href="/wiki/Kyoto_Protocol" title="Kyoto Protocol">Kyoto Protocol</a>, promised a target of 20% renewable power by 2020 and to do more to reduce <a href="/wiki/Greenhouse_gas_emissions_by_Australia" title="Greenhouse gas emissions by Australia">Australia's greenhouse gas emissions</a>. As a result, several new wind power projects were proposed in anticipation of an expanded MRET. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Major_wind_projects">Major wind projects</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wind_power_in_Australia&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Major wind projects"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In January 2022, construction began on the <a href="/wiki/Goyder_South_Wind_Farm" title="Goyder South Wind Farm">Goyder South development</a>, which is expected to become one of Australia’s largest wind farms. Run by French firm <a href="/wiki/Neoen" title="Neoen">Neoen</a>, the project expects to be able to provide 209 MW of power generation by 2024, and a similar amount again when construction is complete.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In south east <a href="/wiki/Queensland" title="Queensland">Queensland</a>, Australia’s first gigawattscale wind project is in development: the MacIntrye facility (923 MW), majority owned by Spanish energy firm <a href="/wiki/Acciona" title="Acciona">Acciona</a>, and the Karara Wind Farm (103 MW), under CleanCo.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As of April 2023, some wind projects underway in <a href="/wiki/Victoria_(state)" title="Victoria (state)">Victoria</a> is the 756 MW stage one of the <a href="/wiki/Golden_Plains_Shire" title="Golden Plains Shire">Golden Plains</a> development in <a href="/wiki/Rokewood,_Victoria" title="Rokewood, Victoria">Rokewood</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_23-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wind_power_in_Australia&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Renewable_Energy_Agency" title="Australian Renewable Energy Agency">Australian Renewable Energy Agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_large_wind_farms" class="mw-redirect" title="List of large wind farms">List of large wind farms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geothermal_power_in_Australia" title="Geothermal power in Australia">Geothermal power in Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_debate" title="Renewable energy debate">Renewable energy debate</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wind_power_in_Australia&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns 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scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_wind_farms_in_New_South_Wales" title="List of wind farms in New South Wales">New South Wales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bango_Wind_Farm" title="Bango Wind Farm">Bango</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blayney_Wind_Farm" title="Blayney Wind Farm">Blayney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boco_Rock_Wind_Farm" title="Boco Rock Wind Farm">Boco Rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bodangora_Wind_Farm" title="Bodangora Wind Farm">Bodangora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capital_Wind_Farm" title="Capital Wind Farm">Capital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crookwell_Wind_Farm" title="Crookwell Wind Farm">Crookwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cullerin_Range_Wind_Farm" title="Cullerin Range Wind Farm">Cullerin Range</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glen_Innes_Wind_Farm" title="Glen Innes Wind Farm">Glen Innes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gullen_Range_Wind_Farm" title="Gullen Range Wind Farm">Gullen Range</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gunning_Wind_Farm" title="Gunning Wind Farm">Gunning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hampton_Wind_Park" title="Hampton Wind Park">Hampton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sapphire_Wind_Farm" title="Sapphire Wind Farm">Sapphire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silverton_Wind_Farm" title="Silverton Wind Farm">Silverton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taralga_Wind_Farm" title="Taralga Wind Farm">Taralga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Rock_Wind_Farm" title="White Rock Wind Farm">White Rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woodlawn_Wind_Farm" title="Woodlawn Wind Farm">Woodlawn</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="7" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wind_Farm_Outside_Port_Fairy.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wind farm outside of Port Fairy, Victoria"><img alt="Wind farm outside of Port Fairy, Victoria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Wind_Farm_Outside_Port_Fairy.jpg/70px-Wind_Farm_Outside_Port_Fairy.jpg" decoding="async" width="70" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Wind_Farm_Outside_Port_Fairy.jpg/105px-Wind_Farm_Outside_Port_Fairy.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Wind_Farm_Outside_Port_Fairy.jpg/140px-Wind_Farm_Outside_Port_Fairy.jpg 2x" data-file-width="533" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_wind_farms_in_Queensland" title="List of wind farms in Queensland">Queensland</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coopers_Gap_Wind_Farm" title="Coopers Gap Wind Farm">Coopers Gap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dulacca_Wind_Farm" title="Dulacca Wind Farm">Dulacca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kennedy_Energy_Park" title="Kennedy Energy Park">Kennedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Emerald_Wind_Farm" title="Mount Emerald Wind Farm">Mount Emerald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windy_Hill_Wind_Farm" title="Windy Hill Wind Farm">Windy Hill</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_wind_farms_in_South_Australia" title="List of wind farms in South Australia">South Australia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canunda_Wind_Farm" title="Canunda Wind Farm">Canunda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cathedral_Rocks_Wind_Farm" title="Cathedral Rocks Wind Farm">Cathedral Rocks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clements_Gap_Wind_Farm" title="Clements Gap Wind Farm">Clements Gap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hallett_Wind_Farm" title="Hallett Wind Farm">Hallett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hornsdale_Wind_Farm" title="Hornsdale Wind Farm">Hornsdale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Bonney_Wind_Farm" title="Lake Bonney Wind Farm">Lake Bonney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Gap_Wind_Farm" title="Lincoln Gap Wind Farm">Lincoln Gap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_Augusta_Renewable_Energy_Park" title="Port Augusta Renewable Energy Park">Port Augusta Renewable Energy Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Millar_Wind_Farm" title="Mount Millar Wind Farm">Mount Millar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snowtown_Wind_Farm" title="Snowtown Wind Farm">Snowtown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Starfish_Hill_Wind_Farm" title="Starfish Hill Wind Farm">Starfish Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waterloo_Wind_Farm" title="Waterloo Wind Farm">Waterloo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wattle_Point_Wind_Farm" title="Wattle Point Wind Farm">Wattle Point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willogoleche_Wind_Farm" title="Willogoleche Wind Farm">Willogoleche</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_wind_farms_in_Tasmania" class="mw-redirect" title="List of wind farms in Tasmania">Tasmania</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cattle_Hill_Wind_Farm" title="Cattle Hill Wind Farm">Cattle Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Granville_Harbour_Wind_Farm" title="Granville Harbour Wind Farm">Granville Harbour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huxley_Hill_Wind_Farm" title="Huxley Hill Wind Farm">King Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musselroe_Wind_Farm" title="Musselroe Wind Farm">Musselroe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woolnorth_Wind_Farm" title="Woolnorth Wind Farm">Woolnorth</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_wind_farms_in_Victoria" title="List of wind farms in Victoria">Victoria</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ararat_Wind_Farm" title="Ararat Wind Farm">Ararat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bald_Hills_Wind_Farm" title="Bald Hills Wind Farm">Bald Hills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgana_Green_Power_Hub" title="Bulgana Green Power Hub">Bulgana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Challicum_Hills_Wind_Farm" title="Challicum Hills Wind Farm">Challicum Hills</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chepstowe_Wind_Farm&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chepstowe Wind Farm (page does not exist)">Chepstowe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Codrington_Wind_Farm" title="Codrington Wind Farm">Codrington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coonooer_Bridge_Wind_Farm" title="Coonooer Bridge Wind Farm">Coonooer Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crowlands_Wind_Farm&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Crowlands Wind Farm (page does not exist)">Crowlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dundonnell_Wind_Farm" title="Dundonnell Wind Farm">Dundonnell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hepburn_Wind_Project" title="Hepburn Wind Project">Hepburn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiata_Wind_Farm" title="Kiata Wind Farm">Kiata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lal_Lal_Wind_Farm" title="Lal Lal Wind Farm">Lal Lal (Yendon)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonards_Hill_Wind_Farm" class="mw-redirect" title="Leonards Hill Wind Farm">Leonards Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macarthur_Wind_Farm" title="Macarthur Wind Farm">Macarthur</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maroona_Wind_Farm&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maroona Wind Farm (page does not exist)">Maroona</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mortons_Lane_Wind_Farm&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mortons Lane Wind Farm (page does not exist)">Mortons Lane</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mount_Gellibrand_Wind_Farm&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mount Gellibrand Wind Farm (page does not exist)">Mount Gellibrand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Mercer_Wind_Farm" title="Mount Mercer Wind Farm">Mount Mercer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murra_Warra_Wind_Farm" title="Murra Warra Wind Farm">Murra Warra</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oaklands_Hill_Wind_Farm&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oaklands Hill Wind Farm (page does not exist)">Oaklands Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portland_Wind_Farm" title="Portland Wind Farm">Portland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stockyard_Hill_Wind_Farm" title="Stockyard Hill Wind Farm">Stockyard Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Salt_Creek_Wind_Farm&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Salt Creek Wind Farm (page does not exist)">Salt Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toora_Wind_Farm" title="Toora Wind Farm">Toora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waubra_Wind_Farm" title="Waubra Wind Farm">Waubra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wonthaggi_Wind_Farm" title="Wonthaggi Wind Farm">Wonthaggi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yambuk_Wind_Farm" class="mw-redirect" title="Yambuk Wind Farm">Yambuk</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yaloak_South_Wind_Farm&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yaloak South Wind Farm (page does not exist)">Yaloak South</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_wind_farms_in_Western_Australia" title="List of wind farms in Western Australia">Western Australia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albany_Wind_Farm" title="Albany Wind Farm">Albany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Badgingarra_Wind_Farm" title="Badgingarra Wind Farm">Badgingarra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collgar_Wind_Farm" title="Collgar Wind Farm">Collgar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emu_Downs_Wind_Farm" title="Emu Downs Wind Farm">Emu Downs</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mumbida_Wind_Farm&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mumbida Wind Farm (page does not exist)">Mumbida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nine_Mile_Beach_Wind_Farm" title="Nine Mile Beach Wind Farm">Nine Mile Beach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ten_Mile_Lagoon_Wind_Farm" title="Ten Mile Lagoon Wind Farm">Ten Mile Lagoon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walkaway_Wind_Farm" title="Walkaway Wind Farm">Walkaway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yandin_Wind_Farm" title="Yandin Wind Farm">Yandin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_proposed_power_stations_in_Australia#Wind" title="List of proposed power stations in Australia">Proposed wind farms</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Archer_Point_Wind_Farm" title="Archer Point Wind Farm">Archer Point</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coppabella_Wind_Farm&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Coppabella Wind Farm (page does not exist)">Coppabella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crows_Nest_Wind_Farm" title="Crows Nest Wind Farm">Crows Nest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goyder_South_Wind_Farm" title="Goyder South Wind Farm">Goyder South</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kennedy_Energy_Park" title="Kennedy Energy Park">Kennedy Energy Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moorabool_Wind_Farm" title="Moorabool Wind Farm">Moorabool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stockyard_Hill_Wind_Farm" title="Stockyard Hill Wind Farm">Stockyard Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warradarge_Wind_Farm" title="Warradarge Wind Farm">Warradarge</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Micon-Turbine.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Micon-Turbine.JPG/32px-Micon-Turbine.JPG" decoding="async" width="32" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Micon-Turbine.JPG/48px-Micon-Turbine.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Micon-Turbine.JPG/64px-Micon-Turbine.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Wind_power" title="Portal:Wind power">Wind power portal</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_wind_farms_in_Australia" title="List of wind farms in Australia">List of wind farms in Australia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Wind_power_by_country" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Wind_power_by_country" title="Template:Wind power by country"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Wind_power_by_country" title="Template talk:Wind power by country"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Wind_power_by_country" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Wind power by country"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Wind_power_by_country" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_by_country" title="Wind power by country">Wind power by country</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em">Overview</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_industry" title="Wind power industry">Wind power industry</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em"><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="Wind power in Africa">Africa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Wind power in Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_Ethiopia" class="mw-redirect" title="Wind power in Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_Ghana" class="mw-redirect" title="Wind power in Ghana">Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_Kenya" title="Wind power in Kenya">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_Morocco" title="Wind power in Morocco">Morocco</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em"><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_Asia" title="Wind power in Asia">Asia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_Afghanistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Wind power in Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_Armenia" title="Wind power in Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_Bhutan" class="mw-redirect" title="Wind power in Bhutan">Bhutan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_China" title="Wind power in China">China</a> (<a href="/wiki/Lamma_Winds" title="Lamma Winds">Hong Kong</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_Georgia" class="mw-redirect" title="Wind power in Georgia">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_India" title="Wind power in India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_Iran" title="Wind power in Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_Japan" title="Wind power in Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_Kazakhstan" class="mw-redirect" title="Wind power in Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_Pakistan" title="Wind power in Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_Palestine" class="mw-redirect" title="Wind power in Palestine">Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_the_Philippines" title="Wind power in the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_Russia" title="Wind power in Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_South_Korea" title="Wind power in South Korea">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_Sri_Lanka" class="mw-redirect" title="Wind power in Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_Taiwan" title="Wind power in Taiwan">Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_Thailand" title="Wind power in Thailand">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_Turkey" title="Wind power in Turkey">Turkey</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em"><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_Europe" title="Wind power in Europe">Europe</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_Albania" class="mw-redirect" title="Wind power in Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_Armenia" title="Wind power in Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_Austria" title="Wind power in Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_Belgium" title="Wind power in Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_Belarus" title="Wind power in Belarus">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_Bulgaria" title="Wind power in Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_Croatia" title="Wind power in Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_Denmark" title="Wind power in Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_Estonia" title="Wind power in Estonia">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_Finland" title="Wind power in Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_France" title="Wind power in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_Georgia" class="mw-redirect" title="Wind power in Georgia">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_Germany" title="Wind power in Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_Greece" class="mw-redirect" title="Wind power in Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_Hungary" title="Wind power in Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_Iceland" class="mw-redirect" title="Wind power in Iceland">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="Wind power in the Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_Italy" title="Wind power in Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_Lithuania" class="mw-redirect" title="Wind power in Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_Malta" class="mw-redirect" title="Wind power in Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_the_Netherlands" title="Wind power in the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_Poland" title="Wind power in Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_Portugal" title="Wind power in Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_Romania" title="Wind power in Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_Russia" title="Wind power in Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_Serbia" title="Wind power in Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_Spain" title="Wind power in Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_Sweden" title="Wind power in Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_Turkey" title="Wind power in Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_Ukraine" title="Wind power in Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Wind power in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> (<a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_Scotland" title="Wind power in Scotland">Scotland</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em">North America</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_Canada" title="Wind power in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_Costa_Rica" class="mw-redirect" title="Wind power in Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_Mexico" title="Wind power in Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_the_United_States" title="Wind power in the United States">United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em">Oceania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_New_Zealand" title="Wind power in New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em">South America</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Argentina" class="mw-redirect" title="Renewable energy in Argentina">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Brazil" title="Renewable energy in Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_Chile" class="mw-redirect" title="Wind power in Chile">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_Colombia" class="mw-redirect" title="Wind power in Colombia">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_Uruguay" title="Wind power in Uruguay">Uruguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_Venezuela" class="mw-redirect" title="Wind power in Venezuela">Venezuela</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Micon-Turbine.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Micon-Turbine.JPG/32px-Micon-Turbine.JPG" decoding="async" width="32" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Micon-Turbine.JPG/48px-Micon-Turbine.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Micon-Turbine.JPG/64px-Micon-Turbine.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Wind_power" title="Portal:Wind power">Wind power portal</a></b></li> <li><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wind-turbine-icon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Wind-turbine-icon.svg/28px-Wind-turbine-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Wind-turbine-icon.svg/42px-Wind-turbine-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Wind-turbine-icon.svg/56px-Wind-turbine-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Renewable_energy" title="Portal:Renewable energy">Renewable energy portal</a></b></li> <li><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Crystal_energy.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Crystal_energy.svg/29px-Crystal_energy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="29" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Crystal_energy.svg/44px-Crystal_energy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Crystal_energy.svg/59px-Crystal_energy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="130" data-file-height="124" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Energy" title="Portal:Energy">Energy portal</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=&#124;link=_Energy_in_Australia" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Energy_in_Australia" title="Template:Energy in Australia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Energy_in_Australia" title="Template talk:Energy in Australia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Energy_in_Australia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Energy in Australia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=&#124;link=_Energy_in_Australia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Australia" title="Energy in Australia">Energy in Australia</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Energy_policy_of_Australia" title="Energy policy of Australia">Energy policy of Australia</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fossil fuel<br /> industry</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carbon_capture_and_storage_in_Australia" title="Carbon capture and storage in Australia">Carbon capture and storage in Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coal_in_Australia" title="Coal in Australia">Coal in Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electricity_sector_in_Australia" title="Electricity sector in Australia">Electricity sector in Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petroleum_industry_in_Western_Australia" title="Petroleum industry in Western Australia">Petroleum industry in Western Australia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Renewable energy<br /> industry</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biofuel_in_Australia" title="Biofuel in Australia">Biofuel in Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_electricity_in_Australia" title="Green electricity in Australia">Green electricity in Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Australia" title="Renewable energy in Australia">Renewable energy in Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_hot_water_in_Australia" title="Solar hot water in Australia">Solar hot water in Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_power_in_Australia" title="Solar power in Australia">Solar power in Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_thermal_energy_in_Australia" title="Solar thermal energy in Australia">Solar thermal energy in Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wave_power_in_Australia" title="Wave power in Australia">Wave power in Australia</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Wind power in Australia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Policies and<br /> targets</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asia-Pacific_Emissions_Trading_Forum" title="Asia-Pacific Emissions Trading Forum">Asia-Pacific Emissions Trading Forum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carbon_pricing_in_Australia" title="Carbon pricing in Australia">Carbon pricing in Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_Australia" title="Climate change in Australia">Climate change in Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_Efficient_Homes_Package" title="Energy Efficient Homes Package">Energy Efficient Homes Package</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feed-in_tariffs_in_Australia" title="Feed-in tariffs in Australia">Feed-in tariffs in Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenhouse_gas_emissions_by_Australia" title="Greenhouse gas emissions by Australia">Greenhouse gas emissions by Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandatory_renewable_energy_target" title="Mandatory renewable energy target">Mandatory renewable energy targets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_Cities_in_Australia" title="Solar Cities in Australia">Solar Cities in Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Transition_Decade" title="The Transition Decade">The Transition Decade</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Nuclear power</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-nuclear_movement_in_Australia" title="Anti-nuclear movement in Australia">Anti-nuclear movement in Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Uranium_Association" title="Australian Uranium Association">Australian Uranium Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_Fuel_Cycle_Royal_Commission" title="Nuclear Fuel Cycle Royal Commission">Nuclear Fuel Cycle Royal Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_power_in_Australia" title="Nuclear power in Australia">Nuclear power in Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uranium_Council" title="Uranium Council">Uranium Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uranium_mining_in_Australia" title="Uranium mining in Australia">Uranium mining in Australia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Agencies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Atomic_Energy_Commission" title="Australian Atomic Energy Commission">Australian Atomic Energy Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Energy_Market_Commission" title="Australian Energy Market Commission">Australian Energy Market Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Energy_Market_Operator" title="Australian Energy Market Operator">Australian Energy Market Operator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Energy_Regulator" title="Australian Energy Regulator">Australian Energy Regulator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Nuclear_Science_and_Technology_Organisation" title="Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation">Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Radiation_Protection_and_Nuclear_Safety_Agency" title="Australian Radiation Protection and Nuclear Safety Agency">Australian Radiation Protection and Nuclear Safety Agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Climate_Change,_Energy,_the_Environment_and_Water" title="Department of Climate Change, Energy, the Environment and Water">Department of Climate Change, Energy, the Environment and Water</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Offshore_Petroleum_Safety_and_Environmental_Management_Authority" title="National Offshore Petroleum Safety and Environmental Management Authority">National Offshore Petroleum Safety and Environmental Management Authority</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Research</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Energy_Policy_Institute_of_Australia" title="Energy Policy Institute of Australia">Energy Policy Institute of Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garnaut_Climate_Change_Review" title="Garnaut Climate Change Review">Garnaut Climate Change Review</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photovoltaic_engineering_in_Australia" title="Photovoltaic engineering in Australia">Photovoltaic engineering in Australia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Energy in Australia by state</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_South_Australia" title="Energy in South Australia">Energy in South Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Queensland" title="Energy in Queensland">Energy in Queensland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Tasmania" title="Energy in Tasmania">Energy in Tasmania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Western_Australia" title="Energy in Western Australia">Energy in Western Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Victoria" title="Energy in Victoria">Energy in Victoria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" 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<a href="/wiki/Portal:Energy" title="Portal:Energy">Energy</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Environment" title="Portal:Environment">Environment</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Renewable_energy" title="Portal:Renewable energy">Renewable energy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Renewable_energy_by_country_and_territory" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Renewable_energy_by_country_and_territory" title="Template:Renewable energy by country and territory"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Renewable_energy_by_country_and_territory" title="Template talk:Renewable energy by country and territory"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Renewable_energy_by_country_and_territory" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Renewable energy by country and territory"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Renewable_energy_by_country_and_territory" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_renewable_energy_topics_by_country_and_territory" title="List of renewable energy topics by country and territory">Renewable energy by country and territory</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Africa" title="Renewable energy in Africa">Africa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" class="mw-redirect" title="Renewable energy in the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Renewable energy in Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Ethiopia" title="Renewable energy in Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Kenya" title="Renewable energy in Kenya">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Morocco" title="Renewable energy in Morocco">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Nigeria" class="mw-redirect" title="Renewable energy in Nigeria">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Seychelles" title="Renewable energy in Seychelles">Seychelles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_South_Africa" title="Renewable energy in South Africa">South Africa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Asia" title="Renewable energy in Asia">Asia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Afghanistan" title="Renewable energy in Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Bangladesh" title="Renewable energy in Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Bhutan" title="Renewable energy in Bhutan">Bhutan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Brunei" title="Renewable energy in Brunei">Brunei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_China" title="Renewable energy in China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_India" title="Renewable energy in India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Indonesia" class="mw-redirect" title="Renewable energy in Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Kazakhstan" title="Renewable energy in Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Malaysia" class="mw-redirect" title="Renewable energy in Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Nepal" title="Renewable energy in Nepal">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Pakistan" title="Renewable energy in Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Palestine" title="Renewable energy in Palestine">Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_the_Philippines" title="Renewable energy in the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Taiwan" title="Renewable energy in Taiwan">Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Thailand" title="Renewable energy in Thailand">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Vietnam" title="Renewable energy in Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.3em;padding-right:0.3em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_the_European_Union" title="Renewable energy in the European Union">European Union</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Austria" title="Renewable energy in Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_the_Czech_Republic" title="Renewable energy in the Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Cyprus#Renewable_energy" title="Energy in Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Denmark" title="Renewable energy in Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Finland" title="Renewable energy in Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_France" title="Renewable energy in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Germany" title="Renewable energy in Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Greece" title="Renewable energy in Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Hungary" title="Renewable energy in Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Renewable energy in the Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Italy" title="Renewable energy in Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Lithuania" title="Renewable energy in Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Luxembourg" class="mw-redirect" title="Renewable energy in Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Malta" class="mw-redirect" title="Renewable energy in Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_the_Netherlands" title="Renewable energy in the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Poland" class="mw-redirect" title="Renewable energy in Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Portugal" title="Renewable energy in Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Spain" title="Renewable energy in Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Sweden" class="mw-redirect" title="Renewable energy in Sweden">Sweden</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.3em;padding-right:0.3em;font-weight:normal;">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Albania" title="Renewable energy in Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Armenia" title="Renewable energy in Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Belarus" title="Renewable energy in Belarus">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Iceland" class="mw-redirect" title="Renewable 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class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">North America</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Canada" title="Renewable energy in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Costa_Rica" title="Renewable energy in Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Honduras" title="Renewable energy in Honduras">Honduras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Mexico" title="Renewable energy in Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_the_United_States" title="Renewable energy in the United States">United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Oceania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Australia" title="Renewable energy in Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_the_Cook_Islands" title="Renewable energy in the Cook Islands">Cook Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_French_Polynesia" title="Renewable energy in French Polynesia">French Polynesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_New_Zealand" title="Renewable energy in New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Tuvalu" title="Renewable energy in Tuvalu">Tuvalu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">South America</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Argentina" class="mw-redirect" title="Renewable energy in Argentina">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Brazil" title="Renewable energy in Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Chile" 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