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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Geographic distribution</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geographic_distribution-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Written_languages_and_sociolinguistic_situation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Written_languages_and_sociolinguistic_situation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Written languages and sociolinguistic situation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Written_languages_and_sociolinguistic_situation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li 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class="vector-toc-link" href="#Official_status"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Official status</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Official_status-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Official status subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Official_status-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Norway" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Norway"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Norway</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Norway-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sweden" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sweden"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Sweden</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sweden-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Finland" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Finland"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Finland</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Finland-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Russia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Russia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4</span> <span>Russia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Russia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Sámi languages</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 89 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-89" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">89 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samies" title="Samies – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Samies" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samische_Sprachen" title="Samische Sprachen – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Samische Sprachen" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A4mikielah" title="Sämikielah – Inari Sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Sämikielah" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80" title="सामी भाषा सिनी – Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="सामी भाषा सिनी" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%BC_%D0%B1%D1%8B%D0%B7%D1%88%D3%99%D0%B0%D2%9B%D3%99%D0%B0" title="Асаам бызшәақәа – Abkhazian" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Асаам бызшәақәа" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="Abkhazian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A" title="لغات السامي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="لغات السامي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lling%C3%BCes_sami" title="Llingües sami – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Llingües sami" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saam_dill%C9%99ri" title="Saam dilləri – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Saam dilləri" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B" title="Саамскія мовы – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Саамскія мовы" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B" title="Саамскія мовы – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Саамскія мовы" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Саамски езици – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Саамски езици" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samieg" title="Samieg – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Samieg" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_sami" title="Llengües sami – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Llengües sami" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A1msk%C3%A9_jazyky" title="Sámské jazyky – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Sámské jazyky" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samiske_sprog" title="Samiske sprog – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Samiske sprog" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A1megielat" title="Sámegielat – Northern Sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Sámegielat" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Northern Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samische_Sprachen" title="Samische Sprachen – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Samische Sprachen" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saami_keeled" title="Saami keeled – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Saami keeled" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%93%CE%BB%CF%8E%CF%83%CF%83%CE%B5%CF%82_%CE%A3%CE%AC%CE%BC%CE%B9" title="Γλώσσες Σάμι – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Γλώσσες Σάμι" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="Саамань кельтне – Erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Саамань кельтне" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenguas_sami" title="Lenguas sami – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Lenguas sami" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samea_lingvaro" title="Samea lingvaro – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Samea lingvaro" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samiera" title="Samiera – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Samiera" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ee mw-list-item"><a href="https://ee.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samigbe" title="Samigbe – Ewe" lang="ee" hreflang="ee" data-title="Samigbe" data-language-autonym="Eʋegbe" data-language-local-name="Ewe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eʋegbe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C_(%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C)" title="زبان‌های سامی (اورالی) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="زبان‌های سامی (اورالی)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A1misk_m%C3%A1l" title="Sámisk mál – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Sámisk mál" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Langues_sames" title="Langues sames – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Langues sames" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samyske_talen" title="Samyske talen – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Samyske talen" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teangacha_S%C3%A1macha" title="Teangacha Sámacha – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Teangacha Sámacha" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87hengaghyn_Saamagh" title="Çhengaghyn Saamagh – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Çhengaghyn Saamagh" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A0mais" title="Sàmais – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Sàmais" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linguas_saamis" title="Linguas saamis – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Linguas saamis" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%82%AC%EB%AF%B8%EC%96%B4%EA%B5%B0" title="사미어군 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="사미어군" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8D%D5%A1%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%AC%D5%A5%D5%A6%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Սաամյան լեզուներ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Սաամյան լեզուներ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%81_(%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AA)" title="सामी भाषाएँ (यूरोप) – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="सामी भाषाएँ (यूरोप)" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samiske_r%C4%9B%C4%8De" title="Samiske rěče – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Samiske rěče" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laponski_jezici" title="Laponski jezici – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Laponski jezici" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumpun_bahasa_S%C3%A1mi" title="Rumpun bahasa Sámi – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Rumpun bahasa Sámi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B3_%C3%A6%D0%B2%D0%B7%C3%A6%D0%B3%D1%82%C3%A6" title="Саамаг æвзæгтæ – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Саамаг æвзæгтæ" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sam%C3%ADsk_tungum%C3%A1l" title="Samísk tungumál – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Samísk tungumál" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingue_sami" title="Lingue sami – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Lingue sami" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%A1%D7%90%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%95%D7%AA" title="שפות סאמיות – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="שפות סאמיות" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="საამური ენები – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="საამური ენები" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%B2%D1%8A%D1%8F%D1%81" title="Саами кывъяс – Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Саами кывъяс" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ziman%C3%AAn_s%C3%A1m%C3%AE" title="Zimanên sámî – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Zimanên sámî" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linguae_Samicae" title="Linguae Samicae – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Linguae Samicae" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C4%81mu_valodas" title="Sāmu valodas – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Sāmu valodas" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sami%C5%B3_kalbos" title="Samių kalbos – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Samių kalbos" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samisch" title="Samisch – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Samisch" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sami_(lingua)" title="Sami (lingua) – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Sami (lingua)" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saamelazien_kielet" title="Saamelazien kielet – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Saamelazien kielet" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sz%C3%A1mi_nyelvek" title="Számi nyelvek – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Számi nyelvek" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Лапонски јазици – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Лапонски јазици" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BF_%E0%B4%AD%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BE" title="സാമി ഭാഷകൾ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="സാമി ഭാഷകൾ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C_%D8%B2%D9%88%D9%88%D9%86%D9%88%D9%86_(%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C)" title="سامی زوونون (اورالی) – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="سامی زوونون (اورالی)" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samisch" title="Samisch – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Samisch" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B5%E3%83%BC%E3%83%9F%E8%AA%9E" title="サーミ語 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="サーミ語" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samisk_spriak" title="Samisk spriak – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Samisk spriak" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samiske_spr%C3%A5k" title="Samiske språk – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Samiske språk" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samiske_spr%C3%A5k" title="Samiske språk – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Samiske språk" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%BC_%D0%B9%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%B5" title="Саам йылме – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Саам йылме" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saam_tili" title="Saam tili – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Saam tili" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C_%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7%DA%BA_(%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C)" title="سامی بولیاں (اورالی) – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="سامی بولیاں (اورالی)" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A_%DA%98%D8%A8%DB%90_(%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A)" title="سامي ژبې (اورالي) – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="سامي ژبې (اورالي)" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saamsche_Spraken" title="Saamsche Spraken – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Saamsche Spraken" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C4%99zyki_lapo%C5%84skie" title="Języki lapońskie – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Języki lapońskie" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ADnguas_lap%C3%B4nicas" title="Línguas lapônicas – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Línguas lapônicas" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limba_sami" title="Limba sami – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Limba sami" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Саамские языки – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Саамские языки" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80_%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Саамнар тыллара – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Саамнар тыллара" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sami_leids" title="Sami leids – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Sami leids" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A1mi_languages" title="Sámi languages – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Sámi languages" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saamske_jazyky" title="Saamske jazyky – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Saamske jazyky" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%98%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Лапонски језици – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Лапонски језици" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saamelaiskielet" title="Saamelaiskielet – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Saamelaiskielet" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samiska" title="Samiska – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Samiska" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%BC_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BB%D3%99%D1%80%D0%B5" title="Саам телләре – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Саам телләре" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B8%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B5" title="กลุ่มภาษาซามี – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="กลุ่มภาษาซามี" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sami_dilleri_(Ural)" title="Sami dilleri (Ural) – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Sami dilleri (Ural)" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lilyem_Sami" title="Lilyem Sami – Tyap" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="Lilyem Sami" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="Tyap" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tyap</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D1%96_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8" title="Саамські мови – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Саамські мови" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C_%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%DA%BA_(%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C)" title="سامی زبانیں (اورالی) – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="سامی زبانیں (اورالی)" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saamen_keled" title="Saamen keled – 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</div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=S%C3%A1mi_language&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Sámi language">Sámi language</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Uralic languages spoken by the Sami people</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Saam_language" title="Saam language">Saam language</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sama_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Sama language">Sama language</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Samo_language_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Samo language (disambiguation)">Samo language</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above above" style="font-size:125%; color: black; background-color: #a8fe74;">Sámi</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-size:110%; color: black; background-color: #a8fe74;">Sami, Saami, Samic</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Native to</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a>, <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Region</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A1pmi" title="Sápmi">Sápmi</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Ethnicity</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A1mi_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Sámi people">Sámi</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Native speakers</div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">(30,000 cited 1992–2013)<sup id="cite_ref-e25_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-e25-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><span class="wrap"><a href="/wiki/Language_family" title="Language family">Language family</a></span></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Uralic_languages" title="Uralic languages">Uralic</a> <ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:1.35em;padding-left:0"><li> <b>Sámi</b></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Early form</div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Proto-S%C3%A1mi_language" title="Proto-Sámi language">Proto-Sámi</a> </div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: black; background-color: #a8fe74;">Official status</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Official language in</div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> recognized as a minority language in several municipalities of <a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a>.</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: black; background-color: #a8fe74;">Language codes</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-2" title="ISO 639-2">ISO 639-2</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><code><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/php/langcodes_name.php?code_ID=410">smi</a></span></code></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-3" title="ISO 639-3">ISO 639-3</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">Variously:<br /><code><a href="https://iso639-3.sil.org/code/sma" class="extiw" title="iso639-3:sma">sma</a></code> – <a href="/wiki/Southern_S%C3%A1mi" title="Southern Sámi">Southern</a><br /><code><a href="https://iso639-3.sil.org/code/sju" class="extiw" title="iso639-3:sju">sju</a></code> – <a href="/wiki/Ume_S%C3%A1mi" title="Ume Sámi">Ume</a><br /><code><a href="https://iso639-3.sil.org/code/sje" class="extiw" title="iso639-3:sje">sje</a></code> – <a href="/wiki/Pite_S%C3%A1mi" title="Pite Sámi">Pite</a><br /><code><a href="https://iso639-3.sil.org/code/smj" class="extiw" title="iso639-3:smj">smj</a></code> – <a href="/wiki/Lule_S%C3%A1mi" title="Lule Sámi">Lule</a><br /><code><a href="https://iso639-3.sil.org/code/sme" class="extiw" title="iso639-3:sme">sme</a></code> – <a href="/wiki/Northern_S%C3%A1mi" title="Northern Sámi">Northern</a><br /><code><a href="https://iso639-3.sil.org/code/sjk" class="extiw" title="iso639-3:sjk">sjk</a></code> – <a href="/wiki/Kemi_S%C3%A1mi" title="Kemi Sámi">Kemi</a><br /><code><a href="https://iso639-3.sil.org/code/smn" class="extiw" title="iso639-3:smn">smn</a></code> – <a href="/wiki/Inari_S%C3%A1mi_language" title="Inari Sámi language">Inari</a><br /><code><a href="https://iso639-3.sil.org/code/sms" class="extiw" title="iso639-3:sms">sms</a></code> – <a href="/wiki/Skolt_S%C3%A1mi" title="Skolt Sámi">Skolt</a><br /><code><a href="https://iso639-3.sil.org/code/sia" class="extiw" title="iso639-3:sia">sia</a></code> – <a href="/wiki/Akkala_S%C3%A1mi" title="Akkala Sámi">Akkala</a><br /><code><a href="https://iso639-3.sil.org/code/sjd" class="extiw" title="iso639-3:sjd">sjd</a></code> – <a href="/wiki/Kildin_S%C3%A1mi" title="Kildin Sámi">Kildin</a><br /><code><a href="https://iso639-3.sil.org/code/sjt" class="extiw" title="iso639-3:sjt">sjt</a></code> – <a href="/wiki/Ter_S%C3%A1mi" title="Ter Sámi">Ter</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Glottolog" title="Glottolog">Glottolog</a></i></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/saam1281">saam1281</a></code></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Sami_language_map.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Sami_language_map.svg/320px-Sami_language_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="320" height="319" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Sami_language_map.svg/480px-Sami_language_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Sami_language_map.svg/640px-Sami_language_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="511" /></a></span><div style="text-align:left;">Recent distribution of the Sami languages: 1. Southern Sami, 2. Ume Sami, 3. Pite Sami, 4. Lule Sami, 5. Northern Sami, 6. Inari Sami, 7. Skolt Sami, 8. Kildin Sami, 9. Ter Sami. Striped areas are multilingual or overlapping.</div></td></tr></tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236303919">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds img{background:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds img{background:white}}</style> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1092331828">@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .contains-special-characters{width:22em}}</style><div class="side-box metadata side-box-right contains-special-characters noprint selfref"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><b>This article contains <a href="/wiki/Help:Special_characters" title="Help:Special characters">special characters</a>.</b> Without proper <a href="/wiki/Help:Special_characters" title="Help:Special characters">rendering support</a>, you may see <a href="/wiki/Specials_(Unicode_block)#Replacement_character" title="Specials (Unicode block)">question marks, boxes, or other symbols</a>.</div></div> </div> <p>The <b>Sámi languages</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</span><span title="/ɑː/: 'a' in 'father'">ɑː</span><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span><span title="/i/: 'y' in 'happy'">i</span></span>/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling"><span style="font-size:90%">SAH</span>-mee</i></a>),<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> also rendered in <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a> as <b>Sami</b> and <b>Saami</b>, are a group of <a href="/wiki/Uralic_languages" title="Uralic languages">Uralic languages</a> spoken by the Indigenous <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A1mi_peoples" title="Sámi peoples">Sámi peoples</a> in <a href="/wiki/Northern_Europe" title="Northern Europe">Northern Europe</a> (in parts of northern <a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a>, and extreme northwestern <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a>). There are, depending on the nature and terms of division, ten or more Sami languages. Several spellings have been used for the Sámi languages, including <i>Sámi</i>, <i>Sami</i>, <i>Saami</i>, <i>Saame</i>, <i>Sámic</i>, <i>Samic</i> and <i>Saamic</i>, as well as the <a href="/wiki/Endonym_and_exonym" title="Endonym and exonym">exonyms</a> <b>Lappish</b> and <i>Lappic</i>. The last two, along with the term <i>Lapp</i>, are now often considered <a href="/wiki/Pejorative" title="Pejorative">pejorative</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Classification">Classification</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=S%C3%A1mi_languages&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Classification"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Sámi languages form a branch of the <a href="/wiki/Uralic_languages" title="Uralic languages">Uralic language family</a>. According to the traditional view, Sámi is within the Uralic family most closely related to the <a href="/wiki/Finnic_languages" title="Finnic languages">Finnic languages</a> (Sammallahti 1998). However, this view has recently been doubted by some scholars who argue that the traditional view of a common <a href="/wiki/Finno-Samic_languages" title="Finno-Samic languages">Finno-Sami</a> protolanguage is not as strongly supported as had been earlier assumed,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and that the similarities may stem from an areal influence on Sámi from Finnic. </p><p>In terms of internal relationships, the Sámi languages are traditionally divided into the two groups of western and eastern. The groups may be further divided into various subgroups and ultimately individual languages. (Sammallahti 1998: 6-38.) Recently it has been proposed on the basis of (1) different sound substitutions seen between the Sámi languages in the Proto-Scandinavian loanwords and (2) historical phonology that the first unit to branch off from Late Proto-Sámi was Southern Proto-Sámi, from which descend South Sámi, Ume Sámi, and Gävle Sámi (extinct during the 19th century).<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Parts of the Sámi language area form a <a href="/wiki/Dialect_continuum" title="Dialect continuum">dialect continuum</a> in which the neighbouring languages may be <a href="/wiki/Mutual_intelligibility" title="Mutual intelligibility">mutually intelligible</a> to a fair degree, but two more widely separated groups will not understand each other's speech. There are, however, some sharp language boundaries, in particular between <a href="/wiki/Northern_Sami" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern Sami">Northern Sami</a>, <a href="/wiki/Inari_S%C3%A1mi_language" title="Inari Sámi language">Inari Sami</a> and <a href="/wiki/Skolt_Sami_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Skolt Sami language">Skolt Sami</a>, the speakers of which are not able to understand each other without learning or long practice. The evolution of sharp language boundaries seems to suggest a relative isolation of the language speakers from each other and not very intensive contacts between the respective speakers in the past. There is some significance in this, as the geographical barriers between the respective speakers are no different from those in other parts of the Sámi area. </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1116488514">.mw-parser-output .treeview ul{padding:0;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .treeview li{padding:0;margin:0;list-style-type:none;list-style-image:none}.mw-parser-output .treeview li li{background:url("https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f2/Treeview-grey-line.png")no-repeat 0 -2981px;padding-left:21px;text-indent:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .treeview li li:last-child{background-position:0 -5971px}.mw-parser-output .treeview li.emptyline>ul>.mw-empty-elt:first-child+.emptyline,.mw-parser-output .treeview li.emptyline>ul>li:first-child{background-position:0 9px}</style><div class="treeview"> <ul><li><b>Sámi</b> <ul><li>Eastern Sámi <ul><li>Mainland Eastern Sámi <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akkala_S%C3%A1mi" title="Akkala Sámi">Akkala Sámi</a> <abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inari_S%C3%A1mi_language" title="Inari Sámi language">Inari Sámi</a> (300 speakers)<sup id="cite_ref-e25smn_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-e25smn-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kemi_S%C3%A1mi" title="Kemi Sámi">Kemi Sámi</a> <abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kainuu_S%C3%A1mi" title="Kainuu Sámi">Kainuu Sámi</a> <abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skolt_S%C3%A1mi" title="Skolt Sámi">Skolt Sámi</a> (320 speakers)<sup id="cite_ref-e25sms_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-e25sms-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li>Peninsular Eastern Sámi <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kildin_S%C3%A1mi" title="Kildin Sámi">Kildin Sámi</a> (600 speakers)<sup id="cite_ref-e25sjd_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-e25sjd-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ter_S%C3%A1mi" title="Ter Sámi">Ter Sámi</a> (2 speakers)<sup id="cite_ref-e25sjt_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-e25sjt-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>Western Sámi <ul><li>Central Western Sámi <ul><li>Lule–Pite Sámi <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lule_S%C3%A1mi" title="Lule Sámi">Lule Sámi</a> (1,000–2,000 speakers)<sup id="cite_ref-e25smj_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-e25smj-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pite_S%C3%A1mi" title="Pite Sámi">Pite Sámi</a> (20 speakers)<sup id="cite_ref-e25sje_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-e25sje-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_S%C3%A1mi" title="Northern Sámi">Northern Sámi</a> (26,000 speakers)<sup id="cite_ref-e25sme_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-e25sme-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li>Southwestern Sámi <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Southern_S%C3%A1mi" title="Southern Sámi">Southern Sámi</a> (600 speakers)<sup id="cite_ref-e25sma_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-e25sma-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ume_S%C3%A1mi" title="Ume Sámi">Ume Sámi</a> (20 speakers)<sup id="cite_ref-e25sju_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-e25sju-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div> <p><i>The above figures are approximate.</i> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mapping_S%C3%A1mi_Languages.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Mapping_S%C3%A1mi_Languages.jpg/300px-Mapping_S%C3%A1mi_Languages.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="300" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Mapping_S%C3%A1mi_Languages.jpg/450px-Mapping_S%C3%A1mi_Languages.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Mapping_S%C3%A1mi_Languages.jpg/600px-Mapping_S%C3%A1mi_Languages.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7016" data-file-height="7016" /></a><figcaption>This map shows the geographic distribution of Sámi languages and offers some additional information, such as number of native Sámi speakers and locations of the Sámi parliaments.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sami_Language_Recognition.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Sami_Language_Recognition.jpg/300px-Sami_Language_Recognition.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="212" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Sami_Language_Recognition.jpg/450px-Sami_Language_Recognition.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Sami_Language_Recognition.jpg/600px-Sami_Language_Recognition.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2455" data-file-height="1737" /></a><figcaption>Administrative living areas and municipalities that recognise Sámi as an official language in the Nordic Countries</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sami_dialects_and_settlements_in_Russia_map.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Sami_dialects_and_settlements_in_Russia_map.svg/300px-Sami_dialects_and_settlements_in_Russia_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="228" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Sami_dialects_and_settlements_in_Russia_map.svg/450px-Sami_dialects_and_settlements_in_Russia_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Sami_dialects_and_settlements_in_Russia_map.svg/600px-Sami_dialects_and_settlements_in_Russia_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="788" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Sami languages and settlements in Russia: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:magenta; color:black;"> </span> Skolt (Russian <i>Notozersky</i>)</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:blue; color:white;"> </span> Akkala (Russian <i>Babinsky</i>)</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:red; color:black;"> </span> Kildin</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:lightgreen; color:black;"> </span> Ter</div> </figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geographic_distribution">Geographic distribution</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=S%C3%A1mi_languages&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Geographic distribution"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Sami languages are spoken in <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A1pmi" title="Sápmi">Sápmi</a> in <a href="/wiki/Northern_Europe" title="Northern Europe">Northern Europe</a>, in a region stretching over the four countries <a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a>, <a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a> and <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a>, reaching from the southern part of central <a href="/wiki/Scandinavia" title="Scandinavia">Scandinavia</a> in the southwest to the tip of the <a href="/wiki/Kola_Peninsula" title="Kola Peninsula">Kola Peninsula</a> in the east. The borders between the languages do not align with the ones separating the region's modern states. </p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a> and <a href="/wiki/Early_modern_period" title="Early modern period">early modern period</a>, now-extinct Sami languages were also spoken in the central and southern parts of <a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a> and <a href="/wiki/Karelia" title="Karelia">Karelia</a> and in a wider area on the <a href="/wiki/Scandinavian_Peninsula" title="Scandinavian Peninsula">Scandinavian Peninsula</a>. Historical documents as well as <a href="/wiki/Finnish_language" title="Finnish language">Finnish</a> and <a href="/wiki/Karelian_language" title="Karelian language">Karelian</a> <a href="/wiki/Oral_tradition" title="Oral tradition">oral tradition</a> contain many mentions of the earlier Sami inhabitation in these areas (Itkonen, 1947). Also, <a href="/wiki/Loanword" title="Loanword">loanwords</a> as well as place-names of Sami origin in the southern dialects of Finnish and Karelian dialects testify of earlier Sami presence in the area (Koponen, 1996; Saarikivi, 2004; Aikio, 2007). These Sami languages, however, became extinct later, under the wave of the Finno-Karelian agricultural expansion. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=S%C3%A1mi_languages&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Proto-S%C3%A1mi_language" title="Proto-Sámi language">Proto-Sámi language</a> is believed to have formed in the vicinity of the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Finland" title="Gulf of Finland">Gulf of Finland</a> between 1000 BC to 700 AD, deriving from a common Proto-Sami-Finnic language (M. Korhonen 1981).<sup id="cite_ref-M._Korhonen_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-M._Korhonen-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, reconstruction of any basic proto-languages in the Uralic family have reached a level close to or identical to <a href="/wiki/Proto-Uralic" class="mw-redirect" title="Proto-Uralic">Proto-Uralic</a> (Salminen 1999).<sup id="cite_ref-T._Salminen_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-T._Salminen-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the comparative linguist Ante Aikio, the Proto-Samic language developed in South Finland or in Karelia around 2000–2500 years ago, spreading then to northern Fennoscandia.<sup id="cite_ref-Aikio_2004_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Aikio_2004-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The language is believed to have expanded west and north into <a href="/wiki/Fennoscandia" title="Fennoscandia">Fennoscandia</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Nordic_Iron_Age" class="mw-redirect" title="Nordic Iron Age">Nordic Iron Age</a>, reaching central <a href="/wiki/Scandinavia" title="Scandinavia">Scandinavia</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Proto-Scandinavian" class="mw-redirect" title="Proto-Scandinavian">Proto-Scandinavian</a> period ca. 500 AD (Bergsland 1996).<sup id="cite_ref-Bergsland,_Knut_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bergsland,_Knut-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The language assimilated several strata of unknown <a href="/wiki/Paleo-European_languages" title="Paleo-European languages">Paleo-European languages</a> from the early hunter-gatherers, first during the Proto-Sami phase and second in the subsequent expansion of the language in the west and the north of Fennoscandia that is part of modern Sami today. (Aikio 2004, Aikio 2006).<sup id="cite_ref-Aikio_2004_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Aikio_2004-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Aikio_2006_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Aikio_2006-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Written_languages_and_sociolinguistic_situation">Written languages and sociolinguistic situation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=S%C3%A1mi_languages&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Written languages and sociolinguistic situation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>At present there are nine living Sami languages. Eight of the languages have independent literary languages; the other one has no written standard, and of it, there are only a few, mainly elderly, speakers left. The <a href="/wiki/ISO_639-2" title="ISO 639-2">ISO 639-2</a> code for all Sami languages without their own code is "smi". The eight written languages are: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Sami_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern Sami language">Northern Sami</a> (Norway, Sweden, Finland): With an estimated 15,000 speakers, this accounts for probably more than 75% of all Sami speakers in 2002.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2007)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> <a href="/wiki/ISO_639-1" title="ISO 639-1">ISO 639-1</a>/<a href="/wiki/ISO_639-2" title="ISO 639-2">ISO 639-2</a>: se/sme</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lule_Sami_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Lule Sami language">Lule Sami</a> (Norway, Sweden): The second largest group with an estimated 1,500 speakers.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2007)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> <a href="/wiki/ISO_639-2" title="ISO 639-2">ISO 639-2</a>: smj</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ume_Sami_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ume Sami language">Ume Sami</a> (Norway, Sweden): likely has under 20 speakers left. <a href="/wiki/ISO_639-2" title="ISO 639-2">ISO 639-2</a>: smu</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pite_Sami_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Pite Sami language">Pite Sami</a> has about 30–50 speakers,<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/ISO_639-2" title="ISO 639-2">ISO 639-2</a>: sje</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Sami_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Southern Sami language">Southern Sami</a> (Norway, Sweden): 500 speakers (estimated).<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2007)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> <a href="/wiki/ISO_639-2" title="ISO 639-2">ISO 639-2</a>: sma</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inari_S%C3%A1mi_language" title="Inari Sámi language">Inari Sami</a> (<i>Enare Sami</i>) (<a href="/wiki/Inari,_Finland" title="Inari, Finland">Inari</a>, Finland): 500 speakers (estimated).<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2007)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> <a href="/wiki/SIL_code" class="mw-redirect" title="SIL code">SIL code</a>: LPI, <a href="/wiki/ISO_639-2" title="ISO 639-2">ISO 639-2</a>: smn</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skolt_Sami_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Skolt Sami language">Skolt Sami</a> (Näätämö and the Nellim-Keväjärvi districts, <a href="/wiki/Inari,_Finland" title="Inari, Finland">Inari</a> municipality, Finland, also spoken in <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a>, previously in Norway): 400 speakers (estimated).<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2007)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> <a href="/wiki/SIL_code" class="mw-redirect" title="SIL code">SIL code</a>: LPK, <a href="/wiki/ISO_639-2" title="ISO 639-2">ISO 639-2</a>: sms</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kildin_Sami_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Kildin Sami language">Kildin Sami</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kola_Peninsula" title="Kola Peninsula">Kola Peninsula</a>, Russia): 608 speakers in <a href="/wiki/Murmansk_Oblast" title="Murmansk Oblast">Murmansk Oblast</a>, 179 in other Russian regions, although 1991 persons stated their Saami ethnicity (1769 of them live in <a href="/wiki/Murmansk_Oblast" title="Murmansk Oblast">Murmansk Oblast</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/SIL_code" class="mw-redirect" title="SIL code">SIL code</a>: LPD, <a href="/wiki/ISO_639-3" title="ISO 639-3">ISO 639-3</a>: sjd</li></ul> <p>The other Sami languages are critically endangered (<a href="/wiki/Moribund_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Moribund language">moribund</a>, have very few speakers left) or extinct. Ten speakers of <a href="/wiki/Ter_Sami_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ter Sami language">Ter Sami</a> were known to be alive in 2004.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The last speaker of <a href="/wiki/Akkala_Sami_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Akkala Sami language">Akkala Sami</a> is known to have died in December 2003,<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the eleventh attested variety, <a href="/wiki/Kemi_Sami_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Kemi Sami language">Kemi Sami</a>, became extinct in the 19th century. An additional Sami language, <a href="/wiki/Kainuu_Sami_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Kainuu Sami language">Kainuu Sami</a>, became extinct in the 18th century, and probably belonged to the Eastern group like Kemi Sami, although the evidence for the language is limited. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Orthographies">Orthographies</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=S%C3%A1mi_languages&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Orthographies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A1mi_orthography" title="Sámi orthography">Sámi orthography</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sami_alphabet_1933.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Sami_alphabet_1933.jpg/170px-Sami_alphabet_1933.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="343" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Sami_alphabet_1933.jpg/255px-Sami_alphabet_1933.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Sami_alphabet_1933.jpg/340px-Sami_alphabet_1933.jpg 2x" data-file-width="944" data-file-height="1903" /></a><figcaption>Sami Primer, USSR 1933</figcaption></figure> <p>Most Sámi languages use <a href="/wiki/Latin_script" title="Latin script">Latin alphabets</a>, with these respective additional letters. </p> <dl><dd><table> <tbody><tr> <td>Northern Sámi:</td> <td>Áá Čč Đđ Ŋŋ Šš Ŧŧ Žž </td></tr> <tr> <td>Inari Sámi:</td> <td>Áá Ââ Ää Čč Đđ Ŋŋ Šš Žž </td></tr> <tr> <td>Skolt Sámi:</td> <td>Ââ Čč Ʒʒ Ǯǯ <a href="/wiki/D_with_stroke" title="D with stroke">Đđ</a> Ǧǧ Ǥǥ Ǩǩ Ŋŋ Õõ Šš Žž Åå Ää </td></tr> <tr> <td>Lule Sámi (Sweden):</td> <td>Áá Åå Ŋŋ Ää </td></tr> <tr> <td>Lule Sámi (Norway):</td> <td>Áá Åå Ŋŋ Ææ </td></tr> <tr> <td>Southern Sámi (Sweden):</td> <td>Ïï Ää Öö Åå </td></tr> <tr> <td>Southern Sámi (Norway):</td> <td>Ïï Ææ Øø Åå </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ume Sámi:</td> <td>Áá Đđ Ïï Ŋŋ Ŧŧ Üü Åå Ää Öö </td></tr> <tr> <td>Pite Sámi:</td> <td>Áá Đđ Ŋŋ Ŧŧ Åå Ää </td></tr></tbody></table></dd></dl> <p>The use of Ææ and Øø in Norway vs. Ää and Öö in Sweden merely reflects the orthographic standards used in the <a href="/wiki/Norwegian_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Norwegian alphabet">Norwegian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Swedish_alphabet" title="Swedish alphabet">Swedish alphabets</a>, respectively, not differences in pronunciations. </p><p>The letter Đ in Sámi languages is a capital <a href="/wiki/D_with_stroke" title="D with stroke">D with a bar</a> across it (<a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a> <a href="/wiki/Code_point" title="Code point">code point</a>: U+0110), which is also used in <a href="/wiki/Serbo-Croatian" title="Serbo-Croatian">Serbo-Croatian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_language" title="Vietnamese language">Vietnamese</a>, etc., not the near-identical capital <a href="/wiki/Eth" title="Eth">eth</a> (Ð; U+00D0) used in <a href="/wiki/Icelandic_language" title="Icelandic language">Icelandic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Faroese_language" title="Faroese language">Faroese</a> or <a href="/wiki/Old_English_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Old English language">Old English</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Latin_letter_Eng_(first_variant_of_capital_form).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Latin_letter_Eng_%28first_variant_of_capital_form%29.svg/220px-Latin_letter_Eng_%28first_variant_of_capital_form%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Latin_letter_Eng_%28first_variant_of_capital_form%29.svg/330px-Latin_letter_Eng_%28first_variant_of_capital_form%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Latin_letter_Eng_%28first_variant_of_capital_form%29.svg/440px-Latin_letter_Eng_%28first_variant_of_capital_form%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="300" /></a><figcaption>Sámi languages tend to prefer the N-form eng for the uppercase letter.</figcaption></figure><p>The capital letter Ŋ (<a href="/wiki/Eng_(letter)" title="Eng (letter)">eng</a>) is commonly presented in Sámi languages using the "N-form" variant based the usual Latin uppercase N with a hook added.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Unicode assigns code point U+014A to the uppercase eng, but does not prescribe the form of the glyph.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Skolt Sámi standard uses ʹ (U+02B9) as a soft sign,<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but other apostrophes, such as ' (U+0027), ˊ (U+02CA) or ´ (U+00B4), are also sometimes used in published texts. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Kildin_Sami_orthography" class="mw-redirect" title="Kildin Sami orthography">Kildin Sámi orthography</a> uses the Russian <a href="/wiki/Cyrillic_script" title="Cyrillic script">Cyrillic script</a> with these additional letters: А̄а̄ Ӓӓ Е̄е̄ Ё̄ё̄ Һһ/ʼ Ӣӣ Јј/Ҋҋ Ӆӆ Ӎӎ Ӊӊ Ӈӈ О̄о̄ Ҏҏ Ӯӯ Ҍҍ Э̄э̄ Ӭӭ Ю̄ю̄ Я̄я̄ </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Availability">Availability</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=S%C3%A1mi_languages&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Availability"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In December 2023, <a href="/wiki/Apple_Inc." title="Apple Inc.">Apple</a> has provided <a href="/wiki/On-screen_keyboard" class="mw-redirect" title="On-screen keyboard">on-screen keyboards</a> for all eight Sámi languages still spoken (with <a href="/wiki/IOS" title="IOS">iOS</a> and <a href="/wiki/IPadOS" title="IPadOS">iPadOS</a> releases 17.2), thus enabling Sámi speakers to use their language on <a href="/wiki/IPhone" title="IPhone">iPhones</a> and <a href="/wiki/IPad" title="IPad">iPads</a> without restrictions or difficulties.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional" style="max-width: 972px;"> <li class="gallerycaption">Sámi on-screen keyboards on iPhones</li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:IOS_17.2_screenshot_showing_the_Inari_Sami_virtual_keyboard.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Inari Sámi"><img alt="Inari Sámi" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/IOS_17.2_screenshot_showing_the_Inari_Sami_virtual_keyboard.png/200px-IOS_17.2_screenshot_showing_the_Inari_Sami_virtual_keyboard.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="104" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/IOS_17.2_screenshot_showing_the_Inari_Sami_virtual_keyboard.png/300px-IOS_17.2_screenshot_showing_the_Inari_Sami_virtual_keyboard.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/IOS_17.2_screenshot_showing_the_Inari_Sami_virtual_keyboard.png/400px-IOS_17.2_screenshot_showing_the_Inari_Sami_virtual_keyboard.png 2x" data-file-width="1284" data-file-height="668" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Inari_S%C3%A1mi_language" title="Inari Sámi language">Inari Sámi</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:IOS_17.2_screenshot_showing_the_Kildin_Sami_virtual_keyboard.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Kildin Sámi"><img alt="Kildin Sámi" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/IOS_17.2_screenshot_showing_the_Kildin_Sami_virtual_keyboard.png/200px-IOS_17.2_screenshot_showing_the_Kildin_Sami_virtual_keyboard.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/IOS_17.2_screenshot_showing_the_Kildin_Sami_virtual_keyboard.png/300px-IOS_17.2_screenshot_showing_the_Kildin_Sami_virtual_keyboard.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/IOS_17.2_screenshot_showing_the_Kildin_Sami_virtual_keyboard.png/400px-IOS_17.2_screenshot_showing_the_Kildin_Sami_virtual_keyboard.png 2x" data-file-width="1284" data-file-height="675" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Kildin_S%C3%A1mi" title="Kildin Sámi">Kildin Sámi</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:IOS_17.2_screenshot_showing_the_Lule_Sami_virtual_keyboard.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Lule Sámi"><img alt="Lule Sámi" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/IOS_17.2_screenshot_showing_the_Lule_Sami_virtual_keyboard.png/200px-IOS_17.2_screenshot_showing_the_Lule_Sami_virtual_keyboard.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/IOS_17.2_screenshot_showing_the_Lule_Sami_virtual_keyboard.png/300px-IOS_17.2_screenshot_showing_the_Lule_Sami_virtual_keyboard.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/IOS_17.2_screenshot_showing_the_Lule_Sami_virtual_keyboard.png/400px-IOS_17.2_screenshot_showing_the_Lule_Sami_virtual_keyboard.png 2x" data-file-width="1284" data-file-height="675" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Lule_S%C3%A1mi" title="Lule Sámi">Lule Sámi</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:IOS_17.2_screenshot_showing_the_Northern_S%C3%A1mi_virtual_keyboard.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Northern Sámi"><img alt="Northern Sámi" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/IOS_17.2_screenshot_showing_the_Northern_S%C3%A1mi_virtual_keyboard.png/200px-IOS_17.2_screenshot_showing_the_Northern_S%C3%A1mi_virtual_keyboard.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/IOS_17.2_screenshot_showing_the_Northern_S%C3%A1mi_virtual_keyboard.png/300px-IOS_17.2_screenshot_showing_the_Northern_S%C3%A1mi_virtual_keyboard.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/IOS_17.2_screenshot_showing_the_Northern_S%C3%A1mi_virtual_keyboard.png/400px-IOS_17.2_screenshot_showing_the_Northern_S%C3%A1mi_virtual_keyboard.png 2x" data-file-width="1284" data-file-height="671" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Northern_S%C3%A1mi" title="Northern Sámi">Northern Sámi</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:IOS_17.2_screenshot_showing_the_Pite_Sami_virtual_keyboard.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Pite Sámi (apparently faulty in iOS/iPadOS 17.2, missing đ/ŧ)"><img alt="Pite Sámi (apparently faulty in iOS/iPadOS 17.2, missing đ/ŧ)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/IOS_17.2_screenshot_showing_the_Pite_Sami_virtual_keyboard.png/200px-IOS_17.2_screenshot_showing_the_Pite_Sami_virtual_keyboard.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/IOS_17.2_screenshot_showing_the_Pite_Sami_virtual_keyboard.png/300px-IOS_17.2_screenshot_showing_the_Pite_Sami_virtual_keyboard.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/IOS_17.2_screenshot_showing_the_Pite_Sami_virtual_keyboard.png/400px-IOS_17.2_screenshot_showing_the_Pite_Sami_virtual_keyboard.png 2x" data-file-width="1284" data-file-height="671" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Pite_S%C3%A1mi" title="Pite Sámi">Pite Sámi</a> (apparently faulty in iOS/iPadOS 17.2, missing đ/ŧ)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:IOS_17.2_screenshot_showing_the_Skolt_S%C3%A1mi_virtual_keyboard.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Skolt Sámi"><img alt="Skolt Sámi" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/IOS_17.2_screenshot_showing_the_Skolt_S%C3%A1mi_virtual_keyboard.png/200px-IOS_17.2_screenshot_showing_the_Skolt_S%C3%A1mi_virtual_keyboard.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="106" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/IOS_17.2_screenshot_showing_the_Skolt_S%C3%A1mi_virtual_keyboard.png/300px-IOS_17.2_screenshot_showing_the_Skolt_S%C3%A1mi_virtual_keyboard.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/IOS_17.2_screenshot_showing_the_Skolt_S%C3%A1mi_virtual_keyboard.png/400px-IOS_17.2_screenshot_showing_the_Skolt_S%C3%A1mi_virtual_keyboard.png 2x" data-file-width="1284" data-file-height="679" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Skolt_S%C3%A1mi" title="Skolt Sámi">Skolt Sámi</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:IOS_17.2_screenshot_showing_the_Southern_Sami_virtual_keyboard.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Southern Sámi"><img alt="Southern Sámi" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/IOS_17.2_screenshot_showing_the_Southern_Sami_virtual_keyboard.png/200px-IOS_17.2_screenshot_showing_the_Southern_Sami_virtual_keyboard.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="104" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/IOS_17.2_screenshot_showing_the_Southern_Sami_virtual_keyboard.png/300px-IOS_17.2_screenshot_showing_the_Southern_Sami_virtual_keyboard.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/IOS_17.2_screenshot_showing_the_Southern_Sami_virtual_keyboard.png/400px-IOS_17.2_screenshot_showing_the_Southern_Sami_virtual_keyboard.png 2x" data-file-width="1284" data-file-height="669" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Southern_S%C3%A1mi" title="Southern Sámi">Southern Sámi</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:IOS_17.2_screenshot_showing_the_Ume_Sami_virtual_keyboard.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Ume Sámi"><img alt="Ume Sámi" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/IOS_17.2_screenshot_showing_the_Ume_Sami_virtual_keyboard.png/200px-IOS_17.2_screenshot_showing_the_Ume_Sami_virtual_keyboard.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/IOS_17.2_screenshot_showing_the_Ume_Sami_virtual_keyboard.png/300px-IOS_17.2_screenshot_showing_the_Ume_Sami_virtual_keyboard.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/IOS_17.2_screenshot_showing_the_Ume_Sami_virtual_keyboard.png/400px-IOS_17.2_screenshot_showing_the_Ume_Sami_virtual_keyboard.png 2x" data-file-width="1284" data-file-height="673" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Ume_S%C3%A1mi" title="Ume Sámi">Ume Sámi</a></div> </li> </ul> <p>The Finnish <a href="/w/index.php?title=SFS_5966&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SFS 5966 (page does not exist)">SFS 5966</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/SFS_5966" class="extiw" title="fi:SFS 5966">fi</a>]</span> keyboard standard of 2008<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is designed for easily typing Sámi languages through use of <a href="/wiki/AltGr" class="mw-redirect" title="AltGr">AltGr</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dead_key" title="Dead key">dead diacritic keys</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 435px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 430px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:KB_Finnish_Multilingual.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Original SFS-5966 layout; dead diacritic keys in red"><img alt="Original SFS-5966 layout; dead diacritic keys in red" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/KB_Finnish_Multilingual.svg/360px-KB_Finnish_Multilingual.svg.png" decoding="async" width="360" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/KB_Finnish_Multilingual.svg/540px-KB_Finnish_Multilingual.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/KB_Finnish_Multilingual.svg/720px-KB_Finnish_Multilingual.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="300" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Original SFS-5966 layout; dead diacritic keys in red</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Official_status">Official status</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=S%C3%A1mi_languages&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Official status"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Norway">Norway</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=S%C3%A1mi_languages&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Norway"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Norwegian_Labour_Party_shirt_in_three_Saami_languages.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Norwegian_Labour_Party_shirt_in_three_Saami_languages.jpeg/250px-Norwegian_Labour_Party_shirt_in_three_Saami_languages.jpeg" decoding="async" width="250" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Norwegian_Labour_Party_shirt_in_three_Saami_languages.jpeg/375px-Norwegian_Labour_Party_shirt_in_three_Saami_languages.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Norwegian_Labour_Party_shirt_in_three_Saami_languages.jpeg/500px-Norwegian_Labour_Party_shirt_in_three_Saami_languages.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="5472" data-file-height="3648" /></a><figcaption>A t-shirt for the <a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(Norway)" title="Labour Party (Norway)">Norwegian Labour Party</a>. From top to bottom: Northern Saami, Lule Saami, and Southern Saami.</figcaption></figure> <p>Adopted in April 1988, Article 110a of the <a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Constitution" class="mw-redirect" title="Norwegian Constitution">Norwegian Constitution</a> states: "It is the responsibility of the authorities of the State to create conditions enabling the Sami people to preserve and develop its language, culture and way of life". The Sami Language Act went into effect in the 1990s. Sámi is an official language alongside Norwegian in the "administrative area for Sámi language", that includes eight municipalities in the northern half of Norway, namely <a href="/wiki/Kautokeino_Municipality" title="Kautokeino Municipality">Kautokeino Municipality</a>, <a href="/wiki/Karasjok_Municipality" title="Karasjok Municipality">Karasjok Municipality</a>, <a href="/wiki/K%C3%A5fjord_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Kåfjord Municipality">Kåfjord Municipality</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nesseby_Municipality" title="Nesseby Municipality">Nesseby Municipality</a>, <a href="/wiki/Porsanger_Municipality" title="Porsanger Municipality">Porsanger Municipality</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tana_Municipality" title="Tana Municipality">Tana Municipality</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tysfjord_Municipality" title="Tysfjord Municipality">Tysfjord Municipality</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lavangen_Municipality" title="Lavangen Municipality">Lavangen Municipality</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Sn%C3%A5sa_Municipality" title="Snåsa Municipality">Snåsa Municipality</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2005 Sámi, <a href="/wiki/Kven_language" title="Kven language">Kven</a>, <a href="/wiki/Romanes" class="mw-redirect" title="Romanes">Romanes</a> and <a href="/wiki/Romani_language" title="Romani language">Romani</a> were recognised as "regional or minority languages" in Norway within the framework of the <a href="/wiki/European_Charter_for_Regional_or_Minority_Languages" title="European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages">European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sweden">Sweden</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=S%C3%A1mi_languages&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Sweden"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jokkmokk_table.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Jokkmokk_table.jpg/250px-Jokkmokk_table.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Jokkmokk_table.jpg/375px-Jokkmokk_table.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Jokkmokk_table.jpg/500px-Jokkmokk_table.jpg 2x" data-file-width="912" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>A trilingual road sign for <a href="/wiki/Jokkmokk" title="Jokkmokk">Jokkmokk</a>. From top to bottom: Swedish, Lule Saami, Northern Saami</figcaption></figure> <p>On 1 April 2000, Sami became one of five recognized <a href="/wiki/Minority_languages_of_Sweden" class="mw-redirect" title="Minority languages of Sweden">minority languages</a> in <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It can be used in dealing with public authorities in <a href="/wiki/Arjeplog_Municipality" title="Arjeplog Municipality">Arjeplog Municipality</a>, <a href="/wiki/G%C3%A4llivare_Municipality" title="Gällivare Municipality">Gällivare Municipality</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jokkmokk_Municipality" title="Jokkmokk Municipality">Jokkmokk Municipality</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Kiruna_Municipality" title="Kiruna Municipality">Kiruna Municipality</a>. In 2011, this list was enlarged considerably. In Sweden the University of Umeå teaches North, Ume and South Sami, and Uppsala University has courses in North, Lule and South Sami. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Finland">Finland</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=S%C3%A1mi_languages&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Finland"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SAKK_galba.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/SAKK_galba.jpg/250px-SAKK_galba.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="197" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/SAKK_galba.jpg/375px-SAKK_galba.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/SAKK_galba.jpg/500px-SAKK_galba.jpg 2x" data-file-width="579" data-file-height="456" /></a><figcaption>A quadrilingual street sign in <a href="/wiki/Inari,_Finland" title="Inari, Finland">Inari</a> in (from top to bottom) Finnish, Northern Saami, Inari Saami, and Skolt Saami. Inari is the only municipality in Finland with 4 official languages.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Samisktalande_i_Finland.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Samisktalande_i_Finland.jpg/250px-Samisktalande_i_Finland.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Samisktalande_i_Finland.jpg/375px-Samisktalande_i_Finland.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Samisktalande_i_Finland.jpg/500px-Samisktalande_i_Finland.jpg 2x" data-file-width="540" data-file-height="367" /></a><figcaption>Sami speakers in Finland 1980-2010.</figcaption></figure> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a>, the Sami language act of 1991 granted the Northern, Inari, and Skolt Sami the right to use their languages for all government services. The <i>Sami Language Act of 2003</i> (<a href="/wiki/Northern_Sami_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern Sami language">Northern Sami</a>: <i lang="se">Sámi giellaláhka</i>; <a href="/wiki/Inari_Sami_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Inari Sami language">Inari Sami</a>: <i lang="smn">Säämi kielâlaahâ</i>; <a href="/wiki/Skolt_Sami_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Skolt Sami language">Skolt Sami</a>: <i lang="sms">Sääʹmǩiõll-lääʹǩǩ</i>; <a href="/wiki/Finnish_language" title="Finnish language">Finnish</a>: <i lang="fi">Saamen kielilaki</i>; <a href="/wiki/Swedish_language" title="Swedish language">Swedish</a>: <i lang="sv">Samisk språklag</i>) made Sami an official language in <a href="/wiki/Enonteki%C3%B6" title="Enontekiö">Enontekiö</a>, <a href="/wiki/Inari,_Finland" title="Inari, Finland">Inari</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sodankyl%C3%A4" title="Sodankylä">Sodankylä</a> and <a href="/wiki/Utsjoki" title="Utsjoki">Utsjoki</a> <a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_Finland" title="Municipalities of Finland">municipalities</a>. Some documents, such as specific legislation, are translated into these Sami languages, but knowledge of any of these Sami languages among officials is not common. As the major language in the region is Finnish, Sami speakers are essentially always bilingual with Finnish. <a href="/wiki/Language_nest" title="Language nest">Language nest</a> daycares have been set up for teaching the languages to children. In education, Northern Sami, and to a more limited degree, Inari and Skolt Sami, can be studied at primary and secondary levels, both as a mothertongue (for native speakers) and as a foreign language (for non-native speakers). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Russia">Russia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=S%C3%A1mi_languages&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Russia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a>, Sámi has no official status, neither on the national, regional or local level. It is included in the list of Indigenous minority languages. (Kildin) Sami has been taught at the <a href="/wiki/Murmansk_State_Technical_University" title="Murmansk State Technical University">Murmansk State Technical University</a> since 2012; before then, it was taught at the <a href="/wiki/Institute_of_the_Peoples_of_the_North" title="Institute of the Peoples of the North">Institute of the Peoples of the North</a> in <a href="/wiki/Saint_Petersburg" title="Saint Petersburg">Saint Petersburg</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=S%C3%A1mi_languages&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sami_parliaments" class="mw-redirect" title="Sami parliaments">Sami parliaments</a> of Finland, Norway, and Sweden</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegianization_of_the_S%C3%A1mi" title="Norwegianization of the Sámi">Norwegianization of the Sámi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pre-Finno-Ugric_substrate" title="Pre-Finno-Ugric substrate">Pre-Finno-Ugric substrate</a></li></ul> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=S%C3%A1mi_languages&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-e25-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-e25_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ethnologue.com/25/language/sma">Southern</a> at <i><a href="/wiki/Ethnologue" title="Ethnologue">Ethnologue</a></i> (25th ed., 2022) <span style="position:relative; top: -2px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Paywall" title="closed access publication – behind paywall"><img alt="Closed access icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg/9px-Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg/14px-Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg/18px-Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span><br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ethnologue.com/25/language/sju">Ume</a> at <i><a href="/wiki/Ethnologue" title="Ethnologue">Ethnologue</a></i> (25th ed., 2022) <span style="position:relative; top: -2px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Paywall" title="closed access publication – behind paywall"><img alt="Closed access icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg/9px-Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg/14px-Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg/18px-Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span><br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ethnologue.com/25/language/sje">Pite</a> at <i><a href="/wiki/Ethnologue" title="Ethnologue">Ethnologue</a></i> (25th ed., 2022) <span style="position:relative; top: -2px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Paywall" title="closed access publication – behind paywall"><img alt="Closed access icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg/9px-Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg/14px-Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg/18px-Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span><br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ethnologue.com/25/language/smj">Lule</a> at <i><a href="/wiki/Ethnologue" title="Ethnologue">Ethnologue</a></i> (25th ed., 2022) <span style="position:relative; top: -2px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Paywall" title="closed access publication – behind paywall"><img alt="Closed access icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg/9px-Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg/14px-Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg/18px-Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span><br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ethnologue.com/25/language/sme">Northern</a> at <i><a href="/wiki/Ethnologue" title="Ethnologue">Ethnologue</a></i> (25th ed., 2022) <span style="position:relative; top: -2px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Paywall" title="closed access publication – behind paywall"><img alt="Closed access icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg/9px-Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg/14px-Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg/18px-Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span><br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ethnologue.com/25/language/sjk">Kemi</a> at <i><a href="/wiki/Ethnologue" title="Ethnologue">Ethnologue</a></i> (25th ed., 2022) <span style="position:relative; top: -2px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Paywall" title="closed access publication – behind paywall"><img alt="Closed access icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg/9px-Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg/14px-Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg/18px-Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span><br />(Additional references under 'Language codes' in the information box)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFVikørJahrBerg-Nordlie" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Vikør, Lars S.; <a href="/wiki/Ernst_H%C3%A5kon_Jahr" title="Ernst Håkon Jahr">Jahr, Ernst Håkon</a>; Berg-Nordlie, Mikkel. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snl.no/språk_i_Norge">"språk i Norge"</a> [languages of Norway]. <i><a href="/wiki/Great_Norwegian_Encyclopedia" title="Great Norwegian Encyclopedia">Great Norwegian Encyclopedia</a></i> (in Norwegian Bokmål)<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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top: -2px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Paywall" title="closed access publication – behind paywall"><img alt="Closed access icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg/9px-Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg/14px-Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg/18px-Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-e25sms-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-e25sms_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ethnologue.com/25/language/sms">Saami, Skolt</a> at <i><a href="/wiki/Ethnologue" title="Ethnologue">Ethnologue</a></i> (25th ed., 2022) <span style="position:relative; top: -2px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Paywall" title="closed access publication – behind paywall"><img alt="Closed access icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg/9px-Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg/14px-Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg/18px-Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-e25sjd-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-e25sjd_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ethnologue.com/25/language/sjd">Saami, Kildin</a> at <i><a href="/wiki/Ethnologue" title="Ethnologue">Ethnologue</a></i> (25th ed., 2022) <span style="position:relative; top: -2px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Paywall" title="closed access publication – behind paywall"><img alt="Closed access icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg/9px-Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg/14px-Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg/18px-Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-e25sjt-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-e25sjt_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ethnologue.com/25/language/sjt">Saami, Ter</a> at <i><a href="/wiki/Ethnologue" title="Ethnologue">Ethnologue</a></i> (25th ed., 2022) <span style="position:relative; top: -2px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Paywall" title="closed access publication – behind paywall"><img alt="Closed access icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg/9px-Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg/14px-Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg/18px-Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-e25smj-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-e25smj_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ethnologue.com/25/language/smj">Saami, Lule</a> at <i><a href="/wiki/Ethnologue" title="Ethnologue">Ethnologue</a></i> (25th ed., 2022) <span style="position:relative; top: -2px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Paywall" title="closed access publication – behind paywall"><img alt="Closed access icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg/9px-Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg/14px-Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg/18px-Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-e25sje-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-e25sje_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ethnologue.com/25/language/sje">Saami, Pite</a> at <i><a href="/wiki/Ethnologue" title="Ethnologue">Ethnologue</a></i> (25th ed., 2022) <span style="position:relative; top: -2px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Paywall" title="closed access publication – behind paywall"><img alt="Closed access icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg/9px-Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg/14px-Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg/18px-Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-e25sme-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-e25sme_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ethnologue.com/25/language/sme">Saami, North</a> at <i><a href="/wiki/Ethnologue" title="Ethnologue">Ethnologue</a></i> (25th ed., 2022) <span style="position:relative; 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-04-25</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Cartography+M.Sc.&rft.atitle=Mapping+S%C3%81MI+Languages&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcartographymaster.eu%2Fstudentwork%2Fmapping-sami-languages%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AS%C3%A1mi+languages" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-M._Korhonen-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-M._Korhonen_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Korhonen, Mikko 1981: Johdatus lapin kielen historiaan. Suomalaisen kirjallisuuden seuran toimituksia ; 370. Helsinki, 1981</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-T._Salminen-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-T._Salminen_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">: Problems in the taxonomy of the Uralic languages in the light of modern comparative studies. — Лингвистический беспредел: сборник статей к 70-летию А. И. Кузнецовой. Москва: Издательство Московского университета, 2002. 44–55.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Aikio_2004-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Aikio_2004_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aikio_2004_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAikio2004" class="citation book cs1">Aikio, Ante (2004). "An essay on substrate studies and the origin of Saami". In Hyvärinen, Irma; Kallio, Petri; Korhonen, Jarmo (eds.). <i>Etymologie, Entlehnungen und Entwicklungen: Festschrift für Jorma Koivulehto zum 70. Geburtstag</i>. Mémoires de la Société Néophilologique de Helsinki. Vol. 63. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kotoistus.fi/nappaimisto/fiswkbrevgrav.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2016-03-04.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=New+Finnish+Keyboard+Layout&rft.date=2005-11-30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fkotoistus.fi%2Fnappaimisto%2Ffiswkbrevgrav.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AS%C3%A1mi+languages" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110720190644/http://kotoistus.fi/nappaimisto/fi_kbspec_fi_luonnos06.pdf">"Suomalainen monikielinen näppäimistökaavio, viimeiseksi tarkoitettu luonnos"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (in Finnish). 2006-06-20. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kotoistus.fi/nappaimisto/fi_kbspec_fi_luonnos06.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2011-07-20.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Suomalainen+monikielinen+n%C3%A4pp%C3%A4imist%C3%B6kaavio%2C+viimeiseksi+tarkoitettu+luonnos&rft.date=2006-06-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kotoistus.fi%2Fnappaimisto%2Ffi_kbspec_fi_luonnos06.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AS%C3%A1mi+languages" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nrk.no/sapmi/tromso-positiv-til-samisk-sprak-1.7428262">Tromsø positiv til samisk språk</a>, <a href="/wiki/NRK" title="NRK">NRK</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sprakradet.no/Spraka-vare/Minoritetssprak/">Minoritetsspråk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Language_Council_of_Norway" title="Language Council of Norway">Language Council of Norway</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hult, F.M. (2004). Planning for multilingualism and minority language rights in Sweden. <i>Language Policy</i>, 3(2), 181–201.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hult, F.M. (2010). Swedish Television as a mechanism for language planning and policy. Language Problems and Language Planning, 34(2), 158–181.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=S%C3%A1mi_languages&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li>Fernandez, J. 1997. Parlons lapon. – Paris.</li> <li>Itkonen, T. I. 1947. Lapparnas förekomst i Finland. – Ymer: 43–57. Stockholm.</li> <li>Koponen, Eino 1996. Lappische Lehnwörter im Finnischen und Karelischen. – Lars Gunnar Larsson (ed.), Lapponica et Uralica. 100 Jahre finnisch-ugrischer Unterricht an der Universität Uppsala. Studia Uralica Uppsaliensia 26: 83–98.</li> <li>Saarikivi, Janne 2004. Über das saamische Substratnamengut in Nordrußland und Finnland. – <a href="/wiki/Finnisch-ugrische_Forschungen" class="mw-redirect" title="Finnisch-ugrische Forschungen">Finnisch-ugrische Forschungen</a> 58: 162–234. Helsinki: Société Finno-Ougrienne.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSammallahti1998" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Pekka_Sammallahti" title="Pekka Sammallahti">Sammallahti, Pekka</a> (1998). <i>The Saami Languages: an introduction</i>. Kárášjohka: Davvi Girji OS. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/82-7374-398-5" title="Special:BookSources/82-7374-398-5"><bdi>82-7374-398-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Saami+Languages%3A+an+introduction&rft.place=K%C3%A1r%C3%A1%C5%A1johka&rft.pub=Davvi+Girji+OS&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=82-7374-398-5&rft.aulast=Sammallahti&rft.aufirst=Pekka&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AS%C3%A1mi+languages" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Wilbur, Joshua. 2014. A grammar of Pite Saami. Berlin: Language Science Press. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://langsci-press.org/catalog/book/17">Open access</a>)</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=S%C3%A1mi_languages&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/40px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="37" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/60px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/80px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="103" data-file-height="94" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><i><b><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="se:"> Northern Sami edition</a></b></i> of <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia">Wikipedia</a>, the free encyclopedia</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/40px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="37" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/60px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/80px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="103" data-file-height="94" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><i><b><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="smn:"> Inari Sami language edition</a></b></i> of <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia">Wikipedia</a>, the free encyclopedia</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Incubator-logo.svg/32px-Incubator-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Incubator-logo.svg/48px-Incubator-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Incubator-logo.svg/64px-Incubator-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="799" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><i><b><a href="https://incubator.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wp/sma" class="extiw" title="incubator:Wp/sma">Sámi languages test</a></b></i> of <a href="/wiki/Southern_Sami_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Southern Sami language">Southern Sami language</a> at <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Incubator" class="extiw" title="meta:Wikimedia Incubator">Wikimedia Incubator</a></div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Incubator-logo.svg/32px-Incubator-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Incubator-logo.svg/48px-Incubator-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Incubator-logo.svg/64px-Incubator-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="799" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><i><b><a href="https://incubator.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wp/sjd" class="extiw" title="incubator:Wp/sjd">Sámi languages test</a></b></i> of <a href="/wiki/Kildin_Sami_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Kildin Sami language">Kildin Sami language</a> at <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Incubator" class="extiw" title="meta:Wikimedia Incubator">Wikimedia Incubator</a></div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Incubator-logo.svg/32px-Incubator-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Incubator-logo.svg/48px-Incubator-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Incubator-logo.svg/64px-Incubator-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="799" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><i><b><a href="https://incubator.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wp/sms" class="extiw" title="incubator:Wp/sms">Sámi languages test</a></b></i> of <a href="/wiki/Skolt_Sami_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Skolt Sami language">Skolt Sami language</a> at <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Incubator" class="extiw" title="meta:Wikimedia Incubator">Wikimedia Incubator</a></div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Incubator-logo.svg/32px-Incubator-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Incubator-logo.svg/48px-Incubator-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Incubator-logo.svg/64px-Incubator-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="799" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><i><b><a href="https://incubator.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wp/sje" class="extiw" title="incubator:Wp/sje">Sámi languages test</a></b></i> of <a href="/wiki/Pite_Sami_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Pite Sami language">Pite Sami language</a> at <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Incubator" class="extiw" title="meta:Wikimedia Incubator">Wikimedia Incubator</a></div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Incubator-logo.svg/32px-Incubator-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Incubator-logo.svg/48px-Incubator-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Incubator-logo.svg/64px-Incubator-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="799" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><i><b><a href="https://incubator.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wp/sju" class="extiw" title="incubator:Wp/sju">Sámi languages test</a></b></i> of <a href="/wiki/Ume_Sami_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ume Sami language">Ume Sami language</a> at <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Incubator" class="extiw" title="meta:Wikimedia Incubator">Wikimedia Incubator</a></div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Incubator-logo.svg/32px-Incubator-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Incubator-logo.svg/48px-Incubator-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Incubator-logo.svg/64px-Incubator-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="799" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><i><b><a href="https://incubator.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wp/smj" class="extiw" title="incubator:Wp/smj">Sámi languages test</a></b></i> of <a href="/wiki/Lule_Sami_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Lule Sami language">Lule Sami language</a> at <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Incubator" class="extiw" title="meta:Wikimedia Incubator">Wikimedia Incubator</a></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nrk.no/nett-tv/klipp/840081/">Ođđasat TV Channel in Sami languages</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nrk.no/nett-tv/oppgave/1008/">On line radio stream in various sami languages</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100610031757/http://scandinavian.wisc.edu/dubois/Courses_folder/Sami_readings/Week3/LanguageToday.pdf">Introduction to the history and current state of Sami</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uta.fi/~km56049/same/">Kimberli Mäkäräinen</a> "Sámi-related odds and ends," including 5000+ word vocabulary list</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070425110049/http://www.risten.no/exist/risten/index.html">Risten</a> Sámi dictionary and terminology database.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://giellatekno.uit.no/">Giellatekno</a> Morphological and syntactic analysers and lexical resources for several Sami languages</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.divvun.no/">Divvun</a> Proofing tools for some of the Sami languages</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090321163921/http://www.samediggi.no/artikkel.aspx?AId=78&back=1&MId1=3&MId2=99">Sámedikki giellastivra</a> – Sami language department of the <a href="/wiki/Sami_Parliaments" class="mw-redirect" title="Sami Parliaments">Norwegian Sami parliament</a> (in Norwegian and Northern Sami)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20041026032249/http://www.ciemen.org/mercator/butlletins/58-03.htm">Sámi Language Act</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080928042058/http://home.earthlink.net/~arran4/siida/sami-language.htm">Sami Language Resources</a> All about Sami Languages with glossaries, scholarly articles, resources</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kaino.kotus.fi/algu/index.php?t=etusivu">Álgu database</a>, an etymological database of the Sami languages (in Finnish and North Sámi)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nationalanthems.us/forum/YaBB.pl?num=1095862413">Sami anthems</a>, Sami anthems in various Sami languages</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://nkpmn.org/Arkivgeocitiescomnkpmn/musikk/internasjonalensamisk.html">[2]</a>, The <a href="/wiki/Internationale" class="mw-redirect" title="Internationale">Internationale</a> in Northern Sami</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://how-to-learn-any-language.com/forum/forum_posts.asp?TID=22142&PN=1">[3]</a> An extensive intro to Saami languages and grammar from How To Learn Any Language</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A1mi_Die%C4%91ala%C5%A1_%C3%81ige%C4%8D%C3%A1la" title="Sámi Dieđalaš Áigečála">Sámi Dieđalaš Áigečála</a></i>, the only peer-reviewed journal in Saami languages</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol 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.navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="The_Sámi" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:S%C3%A1mi_peoples" title="Template:Sámi peoples"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:S%C3%A1mi_peoples" title="Template talk:Sámi peoples"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:S%C3%A1mi_peoples" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Sámi peoples"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="The_Sámi" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">The <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A1mi_peoples" title="Sámi peoples">Sámi</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A1mi_history" title="Sámi history">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A1mi_shamanism" title="Sámi shamanism">Religion</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A1mi_media" title="Sámi media">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A1mi_music" title="Sámi music">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A1mi_politics" title="Sámi politics">Politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A1pmi" title="Sápmi">Sápmi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%8CSV" title="ČSV">ČSV</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Languages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Eastern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mainland</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akkala_S%C3%A1mi" title="Akkala Sámi">Akkala Sámi</a> †</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inari_S%C3%A1mi_language" title="Inari Sámi language">Inari Sámi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kainuu_S%C3%A1mi" title="Kainuu Sámi">Kainuu Sámi</a> †</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kemi_S%C3%A1mi" title="Kemi Sámi">Kemi Sámi</a> †</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skolt_S%C3%A1mi" title="Skolt Sámi">Skolt Sámi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Peninsular</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kildin_S%C3%A1mi" title="Kildin Sámi">Kildin Sámi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ter_S%C3%A1mi" title="Ter Sámi">Ter Sámi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Western</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Central Western</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lule_S%C3%A1mi" title="Lule Sámi">Lule Sámi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_S%C3%A1mi" title="Northern Sámi">Northern Sámi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pite_S%C3%A1mi" title="Pite Sámi">Pite Sámi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Southwestern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Southern_S%C3%A1mi" title="Southern Sámi">Southern Sámi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ume_S%C3%A1mi" title="Ume Sámi">Ume Sámi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pidgin</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Borgarm%C3%A5let" title="Borgarmålet">Borgarmålet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russenorsk" title="Russenorsk">Russenorsk</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A1mi_media" title="Sámi media">Media</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_S%C3%A1mi-language_newspapers&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Sámi-language newspapers (page does not exist)">Newspapers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Northern_S%C3%A1mi" title="Northern Sámi">Northern Sámi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/%C3%81%C5%A1%C5%A1u" title="Áššu">Áššu</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/%C3%81vvir" title="Ávvir">Ávvir</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Min_%C3%81igi" title="Min Áigi">Min Áigi</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Muital%C3%A6gje" title="Muitalægje">Muitalægje</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nuorttanaste" title="Nuorttanaste">Nuorttanaste</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sa%C7%A5ai_Muittal%C3%A6gje" title="Saǥai Muittalægje">Saǥai Muittalægje</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A1mi_%C3%81igi" title="Sámi Áigi">Sámi Áigi</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Southern_S%C3%A1mi" title="Southern Sámi">Southern Sámi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Daerpies_Dierie" title="Daerpies Dierie">Daerpies Dierie</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sn%C3%A5sningen" title="Snåsningen">Snåsningen</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Skolt_S%C3%A1mi" title="Skolt Sámi">Skolt Sámi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A4%C3%A4%CA%B9mo%C4%91%C4%91%C3%A2z" title="Sääʹmođđâz">Sääʹmođđâz</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_language" title="Norwegian language">Norwegian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A1gat" title="Ságat">Ságat</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Waren_Sardne" title="Waren Sardne">Waren Sardne</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_S%C3%A1mi-language_magazines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Sámi-language magazines (page does not exist)">Magazines</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Northern_S%C3%A1mi" title="Northern Sámi">Northern Sámi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Die%C4%91ut" title="Dieđut">Dieđut</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/G%C3%A1ba" title="Gába">Gába</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/%C5%A0_(magazine)" title="Š (magazine)">Š</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A1mi_Die%C4%91ala%C5%A1_%C3%81ige%C4%8D%C3%A1la" title="Sámi Dieđalaš Áigečála">Sámi Dieđalaš Áigečála</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A1pmela%C5%A1" title="Sápmelaš">Sápmelaš</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A1mi_magasiidna" title="Sámi magasiidna">Sámi magasiidna</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sami_Usteb&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sami Usteb (page does not exist)">Sami Usteb</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samealbmug&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Samealbmug (page does not exist)">Samealbmug</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lule_S%C3%A1mi" title="Lule Sámi">Lule Sámi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A5rj%C3%A5s" title="Bårjås">Bårjås</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/%C3%81rran_(S%C3%A1mi_publication)" title="Árran (Sámi publication)">Árran</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A1iki" title="Báiki">Báiki</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Swedish_language" title="Swedish language">Swedish</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Samefolket" title="Samefolket">Samefolket</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Television</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/O%C4%91%C4%91asat" title="Ođđasat">Ođđasat</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Unna_Junn%C3%A1" title="Unna Junná">Unna Junná</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yle_O%C4%91%C4%91asat" title="Yle Ođđasat">Yle Ođđasat</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Radio</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NRK_S%C3%A1pmi" title="NRK Sápmi">NRK Sápmi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sameradion" title="Sameradion">Sameradion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yle_S%C3%A1mi_Radio" title="Yle Sámi Radio">Yle Sámi Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guovdageainnu_Lagasradio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Guovdageainnu Lagasradio (page does not exist)">Guovdageainnu Lagasradio</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kola_S%C3%A1mi_Radio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kola Sámi Radio (page does not exist)">Kola Sámi Radio</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Online</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kier%C3%A2%C5%A1" title="Kierâš">Kierâš</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sameradion" title="Sameradion">SR Sápmi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Languages_of_Norway" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Languages_of_Norway" title="Template:Languages of Norway"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Languages_of_Norway" title="Template talk:Languages of Norway"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Languages_of_Norway" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Languages of Norway"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Languages_of_Norway" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Norway" title="Languages of Norway">Languages of Norway</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Official languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_language" title="Norwegian language">Norwegian</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Bokm%C3%A5l" title="Bokmål">Bokmål</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Nynorsk" title="Nynorsk">Nynorsk</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sámi</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Southern_S%C3%A1mi" title="Southern Sámi">Southern</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Lule_S%C3%A1mi" title="Lule Sámi">Lule</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Northern_S%C3%A1mi" title="Northern Sámi">Northern</a></span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Minority languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kven_language" title="Kven language">Kven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romani_language" title="Romani language">Romani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scandoromani" title="Scandoromani">Scandoromani</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sign languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Sign_Language" title="Norwegian Sign Language">Norwegian Sign Language</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Languages_of_Sweden" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Languages_of_Sweden" title="Template:Languages of Sweden"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Languages_of_Sweden" title="Template talk:Languages of Sweden"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Languages_of_Sweden" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Languages of Sweden"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Languages_of_Sweden" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Sweden" title="Languages of Sweden">Languages of Sweden</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Official language</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_language" title="Swedish language">Swedish</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Official_minority_languages_of_Sweden" title="Official minority languages of Sweden">Recognized minority languages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Finnish_language" title="Finnish language">Finnish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Me%C3%A4nkieli" title="Meänkieli">Meänkieli</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sámi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Southern_S%C3%A1mi" title="Southern Sámi">Southern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ume_S%C3%A1mi" title="Ume Sámi">Ume</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pite_S%C3%A1mi" title="Pite Sámi">Pite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lule_S%C3%A1mi" title="Lule Sámi">Lule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_S%C3%A1mi" title="Northern Sámi">Northern</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romani_language" title="Romani language">Romani</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Finnish_Kalo_language" title="Finnish Kalo language">Finnish Kalo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scandoromani_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Scandoromani language">Scandoromani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vlax_Romani" class="mw-redirect" title="Vlax Romani">Vlax dialects</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balkan_Romani" title="Balkan Romani">Balkan dialects</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yiddish" title="Yiddish">Yiddish</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sign languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_Sign_Language" title="Swedish Sign Language">Swedish Sign Language</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dalecarlian_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Dalecarlian language">Dalecarlian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elfdalian" title="Elfdalian">Elfdalian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gutnish" title="Gutnish">Gutnish</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Languages_of_Finland" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Languages_of_Finland" title="Template:Languages of Finland"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Languages_of_Finland" title="Template talk:Languages of Finland"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Languages_of_Finland" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Languages of Finland"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Languages_of_Finland" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Finland" title="Languages of Finland">Languages of Finland</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Official languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Finnish_language" title="Finnish language">Finnish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_language" title="Swedish language">Swedish</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Minority languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Recognized</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Romani_language" title="Romani language">Romani</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Finnish_Kalo_language" title="Finnish Kalo language">Finnish Kalo</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sámi</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Northern_S%C3%A1mi" title="Northern Sámi">Northern</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Inari_S%C3%A1mi_language" title="Inari Sámi language">Inari</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Skolt_S%C3%A1mi" title="Skolt Sámi">Skolt</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tatar_language" title="Tatar language">Tatar</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Mishar_Tatar_dialect" title="Mishar Tatar dialect">Mishar Tatar</a></span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Unrecognized</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Karelian_language" title="Karelian language">Karelian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sign languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Finnish_Sign_Language" title="Finnish Sign Language">Finnish Sign Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finland-Swedish_Sign_Language" title="Finland-Swedish Sign Language">Finland-Swedish Sign Language</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Institute_for_the_Languages_of_Finland" title="Institute for the Languages of Finland">Institute for the Languages of Finland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Uralic_languages" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Uralic_languages" title="Template:Uralic languages"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Uralic_languages" title="Template talk:Uralic languages"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Uralic_languages" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Uralic languages"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Uralic_languages" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Uralic_languages" title="Uralic languages">Uralic languages</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><a href="/wiki/List_of_Uralic_languages" title="List of Uralic languages">List of Uralic languages</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Finnic_languages" title="Finnic languages">Finnic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Bjarmian_languages" title="Bjarmian languages">Bjarmian languages</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonian_language" title="Estonian language">Estonian</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Laiuse_Romani_language" title="Laiuse Romani language">Laiuse Romani</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northeastern_coastal_Estonian" title="Northeastern coastal Estonian">Northeastern coastal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Estonian" title="South Estonian">South Estonian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Seto_dialect" title="Seto dialect">Seto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C3%B5ro_language" title="Võro language">Võro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mulgi_language" title="Mulgi language">Mulgi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tartu_language" title="Tartu language">Tartu</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ludza_dialect" title="Ludza dialect">Ludza</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kraasna_dialect" title="Kraasna dialect">Kraasna</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Leivu_dialect" title="Leivu dialect">Leivu</a></i></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finnish_language" title="Finnish language">Finnish</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Finnish" title="American Finnish">Fingelska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kven_language" title="Kven language">Kven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Me%C3%A4nkieli" title="Meänkieli">Meänkieli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siberian_Finnish" title="Siberian Finnish">Siberian Finnish</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ingrian_language" title="Ingrian language">Ingrian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siberian_Ingrian_Finnish" title="Siberian Ingrian Finnish">Siberian Ingrian Finnish</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karelian_language" title="Karelian language">Karelian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Karelian_Proper_language" title="Karelian Proper language">Karelian proper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Livvi-Karelian_language" title="Livvi-Karelian language">Livvi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ludic_language" title="Ludic language">Ludic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Livonian_language" title="Livonian language">Livonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veps_language" title="Veps language">Veps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Votic_language" title="Votic language">Votic</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Krevinian_dialect" title="Krevinian dialect">Krevinian</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kukkuzi_dialect" title="Kukkuzi dialect">Kukkuzi</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="9" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Uralic_languages_(_ALL_LANGUAGES_).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Uralic_languages_%28_ALL_LANGUAGES_%29.png/300px-Uralic_languages_%28_ALL_LANGUAGES_%29.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="238" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Uralic_languages_%28_ALL_LANGUAGES_%29.png/450px-Uralic_languages_%28_ALL_LANGUAGES_%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Uralic_languages_%28_ALL_LANGUAGES_%29.png/600px-Uralic_languages_%28_ALL_LANGUAGES_%29.png 2x" data-file-width="1141" data-file-height="906" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sámi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Eastern Sámi</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Akkala_S%C3%A1mi" title="Akkala Sámi">Akkala</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inari_S%C3%A1mi_language" title="Inari Sámi language">Inari</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kainuu_S%C3%A1mi" title="Kainuu Sámi">Kainuu</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kemi_S%C3%A1mi" title="Kemi Sámi">Kemi</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kildin_S%C3%A1mi" title="Kildin Sámi">Kildin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skolt_S%C3%A1mi" title="Skolt Sámi">Skolt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ter_S%C3%A1mi" title="Ter Sámi">Ter</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Western Sámi</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lule_S%C3%A1mi" title="Lule Sámi">Lule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_S%C3%A1mi" title="Northern Sámi">Northern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pite_S%C3%A1mi" title="Pite Sámi">Pite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_S%C3%A1mi" title="Southern Sámi">Southern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ume_S%C3%A1mi" title="Ume Sámi">Ume</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mordvinic_languages" title="Mordvinic languages">Mordvinic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Erzya_language" title="Erzya language">Erzya</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shoksha_dialect&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shoksha dialect (page does not exist)">Shoksha dialect</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schokscha" class="extiw" title="de:Schokscha">de</a>; <a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82" class="extiw" title="ru:Шокшинский диалект">ru</a>]</span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moksha_language" title="Moksha language">Moksha</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mari_language" title="Mari language">Mari</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hill_Mari_language" title="Hill Mari language">Hill Mari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meadow_Mari_language" title="Meadow Mari language">Meadow Mari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northwestern_Mari_language" title="Northwestern Mari language">Northwestern Mari</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Permic_languages" title="Permic languages">Permic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Komi_language" title="Komi language">Komi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Komi-Yazva_language" title="Komi-Yazva language">Komi-Yazva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Komi-Permyak_language" title="Komi-Permyak language">Komi-Permyak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Udmurt_language" title="Udmurt language">Udmurt</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ugric_languages" title="Ugric languages">Ugric</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_language" title="Hungarian language">Hungarian</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Ob-Ugric" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ob-Ugric_languages" title="Ob-Ugric languages">Ob-Ugric</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Khanty_languages" title="Khanty languages">Khanty</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Khanty_language" title="Northern Khanty language">Northern Khanty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Khanty_language" title="Southern Khanty language">Southern Khanty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Khanty_language" title="Eastern Khanty language">Eastern Khanty</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mansi_languages" title="Mansi languages">Mansi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Mansi" title="Northern Mansi">Northern Mansi</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Western_Mansi_language" title="Western Mansi language">Western Mansi</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Mansi" title="Eastern Mansi">Eastern Mansi</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Southern_Mansi_language" title="Southern Mansi language">Southern Mansi</a></i></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Samoyedic_languages" title="Samoyedic languages">Samoyedic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Enets_language" title="Enets language">Enets</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kamas_language" title="Kamas language">Kamas</a></i> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Koibal_dialect" title="Koibal dialect">Koibal</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mator_language" title="Mator language">Mator</a></i> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Taygi_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Taygi language">Taygi</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA" class="extiw" title="ru:Тайгийский язык">ru</a>]</span></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Karagas_language_(Uralic)" class="mw-redirect" title="Karagas language (Uralic)">Karagas</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA" class="extiw" title="ru:Карагасский язык">ru</a>]</span></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nenets_languages" title="Nenets languages">Nenets</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Forest_Nenets_language" title="Forest Nenets language">Forest Nenets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tundra_Nenets_language" title="Tundra Nenets language">Tundra Nenets</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nganasan_language" title="Nganasan language">Nganasan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selkup_language" title="Selkup language">Selkup</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Yurats_language" title="Yurats language">Yurats</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Merya_language" title="Merya language">Merya</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Meshchera_language" title="Meshchera language">Meshcherian</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Muromian_language" title="Muromian language">Muromian</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Reconstructed</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Uralic_language" title="Proto-Uralic language">Proto-Uralic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Uralic_homeland" title="Proto-Uralic homeland">homeland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Finnic_language" title="Proto-Finnic language">Proto-Finnic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proto-S%C3%A1mi_language" title="Proto-Sámi language">Proto-Sámi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Samoyedic_language" title="Proto-Samoyedic language">Proto-Samoyedic</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><i>Italics</i> indicate <a href="/wiki/Language_death" title="Language death">extinct languages</a></li> <li>Languages between parentheses are <a href="/wiki/Variety_(linguistics)" title="Variety (linguistics)">varieties</a> of the language on their left.</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a>: National <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" 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