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<span>Background</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Background-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Battle" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Battle"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Battle</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Battle-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aftermath" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aftermath"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Aftermath</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aftermath-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul 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class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Battle of Wiłkomierz</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 12 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-12" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">12 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B4_%D0%92%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC_(1435)" title="Бітва пад Вількамірам (1435) – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Бітва пад Вількамірам (1435)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batalla_de_Pabaiskas" title="Batalla de Pabaiskas – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Batalla de Pabaiskas" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bataille_de_Wi%C5%82komierz" title="Bataille de Wiłkomierz – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Bataille de Wiłkomierz" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pertempuran_Wilkomierz" title="Pertempuran Wilkomierz – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Pertempuran Wilkomierz" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battaglia_di_Pabaiskas" title="Battaglia di Pabaiskas – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Battaglia di Pabaiskas" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pabaiskas_kauja" title="Pabaiskas kauja – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Pabaiskas kauja" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pabaisko_m%C5%AB%C5%A1is" title="Pabaisko mūšis – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Pabaisko mūšis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vilkomiri_csata_(1435)" title="Vilkomiri csata (1435) – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Vilkomiri csata (1435)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%91%E3%83%90%E3%82%A4%E3%82%B9%E3%82%AB%E3%82%B9%E3%81%AE%E6%88%A6%E3%81%84" title="パバイスカスの戦い – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="パバイスカスの戦い" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitwa_pod_Wi%C5%82komierzem" title="Bitwa pod Wiłkomierzem – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Bitwa pod Wiłkomierzem" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC" title="Битва под Вилькомиром – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Битва под Вилькомиром" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D1%96%D0%B4_%D0%92%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC" title="Битва під Вількомиром – Ukrainian" lang="uk" 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<div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Battle_of_Wi%C5%82komierz&params=55_9_57_N_24_46_17_E_region:LT_type:event"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">55°9′57″N</span> <span class="longitude">24°46′17″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">55.16583°N 24.77139°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">55.16583; 24.77139</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">1435 battle of the Lithuanian Civil War (1432–1438)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r963460841">@media all and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .desktop-float-right{box-sizing:border-box;float:right;clear:right}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.vevent .status>p:first-child{margin:0}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1034237262">.mw-parser-output .stack{box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .stack>div{margin:1px;overflow:hidden}@media all and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .stack-clear-left{float:left;clear:left}.mw-parser-output .stack-clear-right{float:right;clear:right}.mw-parser-output .stack-left{float:left}.mw-parser-output .stack-right{float:right}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-clear-left{float:left;clear:left;margin-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-clear-right{float:right;clear:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-left{float:left;margin-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-right{float:right;margin-left:1em}}</style><div class="stack mw-stack stack-clear-right"><div><table class="infobox vevent" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th class="summary" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Battle of Wiłkomierz</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Part of the <a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_Civil_War_(1432%E2%80%931438)" title="Lithuanian Civil War (1432–1438)">Lithuanian Civil War (1432–1438)</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;line-height:1.5em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Vilkamir_battle_monument_%E2%80%94_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%BA_%D0%B1%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B2%D1%8B_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B4_%D0%92%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC.Jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Vilkamir_battle_monument_%E2%80%94_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%BA_%D0%B1%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B2%D1%8B_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B4_%D0%92%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC.Jpg/250px-Vilkamir_battle_monument_%E2%80%94_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%BA_%D0%B1%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B2%D1%8B_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B4_%D0%92%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC.Jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="333" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Vilkamir_battle_monument_%E2%80%94_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%BA_%D0%B1%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B2%D1%8B_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B4_%D0%92%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC.Jpg/375px-Vilkamir_battle_monument_%E2%80%94_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%BA_%D0%B1%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B2%D1%8B_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B4_%D0%92%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC.Jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Vilkamir_battle_monument_%E2%80%94_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%BA_%D0%B1%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B2%D1%8B_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B4_%D0%92%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC.Jpg/500px-Vilkamir_battle_monument_%E2%80%94_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%BA_%D0%B1%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B2%D1%8B_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B4_%D0%92%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC.Jpg 2x" data-file-width="1224" data-file-height="1632" /></a></span><br />Monument at the field of the Battle of Wiłkomierz</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"><table style="width:100%;margin:0;padding:0;border:0;display:inline-table"><tbody><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Date</th><td>September 1, 1435</td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Location</th><td><div class="location"><a href="/wiki/Ukmerg%C4%97" title="Ukmergė">Ukmergė</a> near the <a href="/wiki/%C5%A0ventoji_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Šventoji River">Šventoji River</a></div><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Battle_of_Wi%C5%82komierz&params=55_9_57_N_24_46_17_E_region:LT_type:event"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">55°9′57″N</span> <span class="longitude">24°46′17″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">55.16583°N 24.77139°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">55.16583; 24.77139</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Result</th><td class="status"> Victory of <a href="/wiki/Sigismund_K%C4%99stutaitis" title="Sigismund Kęstutaitis">Sigismund Kęstutaitis</a></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Belligerents</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> Eastern <a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5_%D0%BA%D0%BD%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B5_(1432%E2%80%941435)" class="extiw" title="uk:Велике князівство Руське (1432—1435)">Grand Duchy of Lithuania</a> (<a href="/wiki/Polotsk" title="Polotsk">Polotsk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vitebsk" title="Vitebsk">Vitebsk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Smolensk" title="Smolensk">Smolensk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kiev" class="mw-redirect" title="Kiev">Kiev</a>, <a href="/wiki/Volhynia" title="Volhynia">Volhynia</a>)<br /><a href="/wiki/Livonian_Order" title="Livonian Order">Livonian Order</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Golden_Horde" title="Golden Horde">Golden Horde</a></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> Western <a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Lithuania" title="Grand Duchy of Lithuania">Grand Duchy of Lithuania</a> (<a href="/wiki/Samogitia" title="Samogitia">Samogitia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Podlaskie" class="mw-redirect" title="Podlaskie">Podlaskie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hrodna" class="mw-redirect" title="Hrodna">Hrodna</a>, <a href="/wiki/Minsk" title="Minsk">Minsk</a>)<br /><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Poland_(1385%E2%80%931569)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Poland (1385–1569)">Kingdom of Poland</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Commanders and leaders</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <a href="/wiki/%C5%A0vitrigaila" title="Švitrigaila">Švitrigaila</a><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Franco_Kerskorff&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Franco Kerskorff (page does not exist)">Franco Kerskorff</a> <a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Old English Text MT',serif"><b>†</b></span></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Sigismund_Korybut" title="Sigismund Korybut">Sigismund Korybut</a> <a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Old English Text MT',serif"><b>†</b></span></a></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Sigismund_K%C4%99stutaitis" title="Sigismund Kęstutaitis">Sigismund Kęstutaitis</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Michael_%C5%BDygimantaitis" title="Michael Žygimantaitis">Michael Žygimantaitis</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Jakub_Kobyla%C5%84ski" title="Jakub Kobylański">Jakub Kobylański</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Strength</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> 11,000 (contemporary exaggeration: 30,000)<sup id="cite_ref-batur_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-batur-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> 9,500 (contemporary exaggeration: 30,000)<sup id="cite_ref-batur_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-batur-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output 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.navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Campaignbox_Lithuanian_Civil_War_of_1432%E2%80%931438" title="Template:Campaignbox Lithuanian Civil War of 1432–1438"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Campaignbox_Lithuanian_Civil_War_of_1432%E2%80%931438" title="Template talk:Campaignbox Lithuanian Civil War of 1432–1438"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox_Lithuanian_Civil_War_of_1432%E2%80%931438" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox Lithuanian Civil War of 1432–1438"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Lithuanian_Civil_War_of_1432–1438584" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="line-height:1.6em"><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_Civil_War_(1432%E2%80%931438)" title="Lithuanian Civil War (1432–1438)"><span class="wrap">Lithuanian Civil War of 1432–1438</span></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ashmyany" title="Battle of Ashmyany">Ašmena</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Pabaiskas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></div> <p>The <b>Battle of Wiłkomierz</b> (see <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Wilkomierz#Names" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Wilkomierz">other names</a>) took place on September 1, 1435, near <a href="/wiki/Ukmerg%C4%97" title="Ukmergė">Ukmergė</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Lithuania" title="Grand Duchy of Lithuania">Grand Duchy of Lithuania</a>. With the help of military units from the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Poland_(1385%E2%80%931569)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Poland (1385–1569)">Kingdom of Poland</a>, the forces of Grand Duke <a href="/wiki/Sigismund_K%C4%99stutaitis" title="Sigismund Kęstutaitis">Sigismund Kęstutaitis</a> soundly defeated <a href="/wiki/%C5%A0vitrigaila" title="Švitrigaila">Švitrigaila</a> and his <a href="/wiki/Livonian_Order" title="Livonian Order">Livonian</a> allies. The battle was a decisive engagement of the <a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_Civil_War_(1432%E2%80%931438)" title="Lithuanian Civil War (1432–1438)">Lithuanian Civil War (1432–1438)</a>. Švitrigaila lost most of his supporters and withdrew to southern Grand Duchy; he was slowly pushed out and eventually made peace. The damage inflicted upon the Livonian Order has been compared to the damage of <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Grunwald" title="Battle of Grunwald">Battle of Grunwald</a> upon the <a href="/wiki/Teutonic_Order" title="Teutonic Order">Teutonic Order</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-kiaupa_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kiaupa-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was fundamentally weakened and ceased to play a major role in Lithuanian affairs. The battle can be seen as the final engagement of the <a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_Crusade" title="Lithuanian Crusade">Lithuanian Crusade</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-batur_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-batur-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Names">Names</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Wi%C5%82komierz&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Names"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The battle is also known as the Battle of Vilkomir or Ukmergė after <a href="/wiki/Ukmerg%C4%97" title="Ukmergė">Ukmergė</a>/Vilkmergė, the nearest large settlement. It is also known as Battle of Święta/Šventoji<sup id="cite_ref-hous_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hous-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> after the <a href="/wiki/%C5%A0ventoji_(Neris)" title="Šventoji (Neris)">Šventoji River</a> that flows near the battle site. In Lithuanian, the battle is known as the Battle of Pabaiskas. The word "pabaiskas" is derived from Polish "pobojowisko" literally meaning "battle site" or "place where a battle was fought". It came into use as a name for the town of <a href="/wiki/Pabaiskas" title="Pabaiskas">Pabaiskas</a> which grew around the Church of the Holy Trinity built at the site in 1436–40 by Sigismund Kęstutaitis.<sup id="cite_ref-batur_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-batur-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Wi%C5%82komierz&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_Civil_War_(1432%E2%80%931438)" title="Lithuanian Civil War (1432–1438)">Lithuanian Civil War (1432–1438)</a></div> <p>In October 1430, <a href="/wiki/Vytautas_the_Great" title="Vytautas the Great">Vytautas the Great</a> died without an heir. The <a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_nobility" title="Lithuanian nobility">Lithuanian nobles</a> elected Švitrigaila, <a href="/wiki/Jogaila" class="mw-redirect" title="Jogaila">Jogaila</a>'s brother and Vytautas' cousin, as the new Grand Duke without first consulting with Poland.<sup id="cite_ref-kiaupa205_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kiaupa205-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This violated the <a href="/wiki/Union_of_Horod%C5%82o" title="Union of Horodło">Union of Horodło</a> of 1413, and outraged the Polish nobles. Švitrigaila prepared for war and enlisted the <a href="/wiki/Teutonic_Knights" class="mw-redirect" title="Teutonic Knights">Teutonic Knights</a>, <a href="/wiki/Moldavia" title="Moldavia">Moldavia</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Golden_Horde" title="Golden Horde">Golden Horde</a> as his allies.<sup id="cite_ref-kiaupa205_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kiaupa205-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sigismund Kęstutaitis assumed power in Lithuania when he deposed Švitrigaila in a coup on August 31, 1432. Švitrigaila escaped, established himself in <a href="/wiki/Polotsk" title="Polotsk">Polotsk</a>, and rallied his supporters from Slavic lands of the Grand Duchy against Sigismund. </p><p>The Teutonic Knights secretly supported Švitrigaila chiefly through its branch in Livonia.<sup id="cite_ref-u311_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-u311-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Švitrigaila and Sigismund were now engaged in a destructive civil war. In December 1432, their armies fought in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ashmyany" title="Battle of Ashmyany">Battle of Ashmyany</a>; Švitrigaila was defeated, but the victory was not decisive.<sup id="cite_ref-els_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-els-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1433, together with the Livonian knights, Švitrigaila raided <a href="/wiki/Lida" title="Lida">Lida</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kreva" title="Kreva">Kreva</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ei%C5%A1i%C5%A1k%C4%97s" title="Eišiškės">Eišiškės</a> and devastated the surrounding areas near <a href="/wiki/Vilnius" title="Vilnius">Vilnius</a>, <a href="/wiki/Trakai" title="Trakai">Trakai</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Kaunas" title="Kaunas">Kaunas</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-els_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-els-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After Jogaila's death in 1434, the Teutonic Knights resumed their war against Poland.<sup id="cite_ref-u311_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-u311-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In total, Švitrigaila and Livonia organized six raids into Lithuania, the last of which resulted in the Battle of Wiłkomierz.<sup id="cite_ref-maciu_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-maciu-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Battle">Battle</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Wi%C5%82komierz&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Battle"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Švitrigaila commanded a force of about 11,000 men: Lithuanians and Orthodox Ruthenians from <a href="/wiki/Polotsk" title="Polotsk">Polotsk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vitebsk" title="Vitebsk">Vitebsk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Smolensk" title="Smolensk">Smolensk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kiev" class="mw-redirect" title="Kiev">Kiev</a>, <a href="/wiki/Volhynia" title="Volhynia">Volhynia</a>, Livonian Knights and their mercenaries, at least 500 Tatars from the Golden Horde, and a few Teutonic Knights.<sup id="cite_ref-batur_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-batur-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There might have been some <a href="/wiki/Hussite" class="mw-redirect" title="Hussite">Hussites</a> on his side as he enlisted his nephew <a href="/wiki/Sigismund_Korybut" title="Sigismund Korybut">Sigismund Korybut</a>, a distinguished military leader during the <a href="/wiki/Hussite_Wars" title="Hussite Wars">Hussite Wars</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-korybut_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-korybut-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Forces of Sigismund Kęstutaitis were probably smaller. His son <a href="/wiki/Michael_%C5%BDygimantaitis" title="Michael Žygimantaitis">Michael</a> commanded Lithuanian troops from <a href="/wiki/Samogitia" title="Samogitia">Samogitia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Podlaskie" class="mw-redirect" title="Podlaskie">Podlaskie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hrodna" class="mw-redirect" title="Hrodna">Hrodna</a>, <a href="/wiki/Minsk" title="Minsk">Minsk</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Jakub_Kobyla%C5%84ski" title="Jakub Kobylański">Jakub Kobylański</a> was in charge of Polish forces (4,000 troops).<sup id="cite_ref-maciu_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-maciu-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Švitrigaila gathered his forces in <a href="/wiki/Vitebsk" title="Vitebsk">Vitebsk</a> and marched towards <a href="/wiki/Braslaw" title="Braslaw">Braslaw</a> where he joined with the Livonian forces on August 20.<sup id="cite_ref-maciu_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-maciu-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The plan was to march Trakai and Vilnius. The opponents met about 9 kilometres (5.6 mi) south of <a href="/wiki/Ukmerg%C4%97" title="Ukmergė">Vilkmergė</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-el_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-el-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At first, the armies were separated by Lake Žirnajai and a marshy creek (Žirnaja or Vintara).<sup id="cite_ref-el_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-el-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-batur_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-batur-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The armies did not engage each other. After two days, Švitrigaila and Livonian Grand Master <a href="/w/index.php?title=Franco_Kerskorff&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Franco Kerskorff (page does not exist)">Franco Kerskorff</a> decided to change their position and move north towards Vilkmergė.<sup id="cite_ref-el_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-el-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As the army regrouped and was separated by a rivulet, it was attacked by Sigismund Kęstutaitis. Švitrigaila's army was split in half; the first to fall was the flag of Livonian marshal Werner von Nesselrode.<sup id="cite_ref-maciu_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-maciu-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the ensuing panic, Švitrigaila's army was soundly defeated. </p><p>Švitrigaila managed to escape to <a href="/wiki/Polotsk" title="Polotsk">Polotsk</a> with about 30 followers.<sup id="cite_ref-u311_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-u311-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kerskorff was killed in the battle along with his marshal and several <a href="/wiki/Komtur" class="mw-redirect" title="Komtur">komturs</a>. Korybut was severely wounded and captured. He died a few days later; historians speculate whether he died of the wounds, was drowned, or poisoned.<sup id="cite_ref-korybut_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-korybut-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many others, including Duke Yaroslav, son of <a href="/wiki/Lengvenis" title="Lengvenis">Lengvenis</a>, and imperial envoy Sigismund de Rota, were killed.<sup id="cite_ref-maciu_7-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-maciu-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many knights, including a reserve unit that was late to battle, were taken captive.<sup id="cite_ref-batur_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-batur-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Others drowned in the <a href="/wiki/%C5%A0ventoji_(Neris)" title="Šventoji (Neris)">Šventoji River</a>. The victors hunted down the survivors for 15 days.<sup id="cite_ref-batur_1-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-batur-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aftermath">Aftermath</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Wi%C5%82komierz&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Aftermath"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The battle reduced the power of the Livonian Order as its army was defeated, its Grand Master killed and of its many senior officers killed or taken prisoner.<sup id="cite_ref-cd_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cd-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The damage to the Livonian Order caused by the battle is often compared to the consequences that the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Grunwald" title="Battle of Grunwald">Battle of Grunwald</a> (1410) had on the <a href="/wiki/Teutonic_Knights" class="mw-redirect" title="Teutonic Knights">Teutonic Knights</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-u311_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-u311-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The peace treaty was signed on December 31, 1435 in <a href="/wiki/Brze%C5%9B%C4%87_Kujawski" title="Brześć Kujawski">Brześć Kujawski</a>. The Teutonic and Livonian Orders promised not to interfere in internal matters of Lithuania or Poland. According to the treaty, even the Pope or the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Holy Roman Emperor">Holy Roman Emperor</a> could not force the Orders to violate the accords.<sup id="cite_ref-kiaupa_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kiaupa-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> That provision was meant particularly against <a href="/wiki/Sigismund,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor">Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor</a>, and his attempts in playing Poland and Teutonic Order against each other.<sup id="cite_ref-maciu_7-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-maciu-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The peace did not alter borders established by the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Melno" title="Treaty of Melno">Treaty of Melno</a> (1422).<sup id="cite_ref-cd_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cd-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Livonian Order's defeat in the battle brought it closer to its neighbors in <a href="/wiki/Medieval_Livonia" class="mw-redirect" title="Medieval Livonia">Livonia</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Livonian_Confederation" class="mw-redirect" title="Livonian Confederation">Livonian Confederation</a> agreement was signed on December 4, 1435, by the Livonian Order, Livonian Bishops, vassals and city representatives.<sup id="cite_ref-VLM_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VLM-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Order lost its crusading character and became a confederate state.<sup id="cite_ref-batur_1-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-batur-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Švitrigaila escaped and continued to resist, but he was losing his power in the eastern provinces of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. In 1437, he proposed a compromise to continue to rule <a href="/wiki/Kiev" class="mw-redirect" title="Kiev">Kiev</a> and <a href="/wiki/Volhynia" title="Volhynia">Volhynia</a>, territories that still remained loyal to him, until his death, when they would pass to the King of Poland.<sup id="cite_ref-els_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-els-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A strong protest from Sigismund Kęstutaitis caused the Polish Senate not to ratify the agreement. The following year, Švitrigaila retreated to Moldavia.<sup id="cite_ref-els_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-els-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sigismund became the undisputed Grand Duke of Lithuania. However, his reign was short as he was assassinated in 1440. </p><p>A church was built in the battlefield by Sigismund Kęstutaitis to commemorate his victory. The town of <a href="/wiki/Pabaiskas" title="Pabaiskas">Pabaiskas</a> later grew around the church.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Wi%C5%82komierz&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-batur-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-batur_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-batur_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-batur_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-batur_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-batur_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-batur_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-batur_1-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-batur_1-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-batur_1-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFBatūra2013" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Batūra, Romas (2013). Zikaras, Karolis (ed.). <i>Žymiausi Lietuvos mūšiai ir karinės operacijos</i> (in Lithuanian) (2nd ed.). UAB Alio. pp. <span class="nowrap">68–</span>69. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9986-827-05-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-9986-827-05-4"><bdi>978-9986-827-05-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%C5%BDymiausi+Lietuvos+m%C5%AB%C5%A1iai+ir+karin%C4%97s+operacijos&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E68-%3C%2Fspan%3E69&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=UAB+Alio&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-9986-827-05-4&rft.aulast=Bat%C5%ABra&rft.aufirst=Romas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Wi%C5%82komierz" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-kiaupa-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-kiaupa_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-kiaupa_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKiaupaKiaupienėKuncevičius2000" class="citation book cs1">Kiaupa, Zigmantas; Kiaupienė, Jūratė; Kuncevičius, Albinas (2000). <i>The History of Lithuania Before 1795</i>. Vilnius: Lithuanian Institute of History. p. 210. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9986-810-13-2" title="Special:BookSources/9986-810-13-2"><bdi>9986-810-13-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+History+of+Lithuania+Before+1795&rft.place=Vilnius&rft.pages=210&rft.pub=Lithuanian+Institute+of+History&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=9986-810-13-2&rft.aulast=Kiaupa&rft.aufirst=Zigmantas&rft.au=Kiaupien%C4%97%2C+J%C5%ABrat%C4%97&rft.au=Kuncevi%C4%8Dius%2C+Albinas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Wi%C5%82komierz" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hous-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-hous_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHousley1992" class="citation book cs1">Housley, Norman (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=JQP2F2q9xDkC&pg=PA363"><i>The Later Crusades, 1274-1580</i></a>. Oxford University Press. p. 363. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-822136-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-822136-3"><bdi>0-19-822136-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Later+Crusades%2C+1274-1580&rft.pages=363&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=0-19-822136-3&rft.aulast=Housley&rft.aufirst=Norman&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJQP2F2q9xDkC%26pg%3DPA363&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Wi%C5%82komierz" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-kiaupa205-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-kiaupa205_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-kiaupa205_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKiaupaKiaupienėKuncevičius2000" class="citation book cs1">Kiaupa, Zigmantas; Kiaupienė, Jūratė; Kuncevičius, Albinas (2000). <i>The History of Lithuania Before 1795</i>. Vilnius: Lithuanian Institute of History. pp. <span class="nowrap">205–</span>207. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9986-810-13-2" title="Special:BookSources/9986-810-13-2"><bdi>9986-810-13-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+History+of+Lithuania+Before+1795&rft.place=Vilnius&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E205-%3C%2Fspan%3E207&rft.pub=Lithuanian+Institute+of+History&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=9986-810-13-2&rft.aulast=Kiaupa&rft.aufirst=Zigmantas&rft.au=Kiaupien%C4%97%2C+J%C5%ABrat%C4%97&rft.au=Kuncevi%C4%8Dius%2C+Albinas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Wi%C5%82komierz" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-u311-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-u311_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-u311_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-u311_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-u311_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUrban2003" class="citation book cs1">Urban, William (2003). <i>Tannenberg and After</i>. Chicago: Lithuanian Research and Studies Center. pp. <span class="nowrap">311–</span>313. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-929700-25-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-929700-25-2"><bdi>0-929700-25-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tannenberg+and+After&rft.place=Chicago&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E311-%3C%2Fspan%3E313&rft.pub=Lithuanian+Research+and+Studies+Center&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=0-929700-25-2&rft.aulast=Urban&rft.aufirst=William&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Wi%C5%82komierz" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-els-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-els_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-els_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-els_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-els_6-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSužiedėlis1970–1978" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Sužiedėlis, Simas, ed. (1970–1978). "Švitrigaila". <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_Lituanica" title="Encyclopedia Lituanica">Encyclopedia Lituanica</a></i>. Vol. V. Boston, Massachusetts: Juozas Kapočius. pp. <span class="nowrap">348–</span>350. <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/74-114275">74-114275</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=%C5%A0vitrigaila&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+Lituanica&rft.place=Boston%2C+Massachusetts&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E348-%3C%2Fspan%3E350&rft.pub=Juozas+Kapo%C4%8Dius&rft.date=1970%2F1978&rft_id=info%3Alccn%2F74-114275&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Wi%C5%82komierz" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-maciu-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-maciu_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-maciu_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-maciu_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-maciu_7-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-maciu_7-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-maciu_7-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMačiukas2015" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Mačiukas, Žydrūnas (2015-09-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160923162609/http://lzinios.lt/lzinios/Istorija/ldk-vidaus-karo-atomazga-pabaisko-musio-580-osioms-metinems-pamineti/208179">"LDK vidaus karo atomazga: Pabaisko mūšio 580-osioms metinėms paminėti"</a> (in Lithuanian). Lietuvos žinios. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lzinios.lt/lzinios/Istorija/ldk-vidaus-karo-atomazga-pabaisko-musio-580-osioms-metinems-pamineti/208179">the original</a> on 2016-09-23<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-06-03</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=LDK+vidaus+karo+atomazga%3A+Pabaisko+m%C5%AB%C5%A1io+580-osioms+metin%C4%97ms+pamin%C4%97ti&rft.pub=Lietuvos+%C5%BEinios&rft.date=2015-09-01&rft.aulast=Ma%C4%8Diukas&rft.aufirst=%C5%BDydr%C5%ABnas&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flzinios.lt%2Flzinios%2FIstorija%2Fldk-vidaus-karo-atomazga-pabaisko-musio-580-osioms-metinems-pamineti%2F208179&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Wi%C5%82komierz" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-korybut-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-korybut_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-korybut_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPiročkinas1999" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Piročkinas, Arnoldas (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110515185857/http://ausis.gf.vu.lt/mg/nr/99/10/10kar.html">"Žygimantas Kaributaitis – tragiško likimo asmenybė"</a>. <i>Mokslas Ir Gyvenimas</i> (in Lithuanian). <b>10</b> (502). <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0134-3084">0134-3084</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ausis.gf.vu.lt/mg/nr/99/10/10kar.html">the original</a> on 2011-05-15.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mokslas+Ir+Gyvenimas&rft.atitle=%C5%BDygimantas+Kaributaitis+%E2%80%93+tragi%C5%A1ko+likimo+asmenyb%C4%97&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=502&rft.date=1999&rft.issn=0134-3084&rft.aulast=Piro%C4%8Dkinas&rft.aufirst=Arnoldas&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fausis.gf.vu.lt%2Fmg%2Fnr%2F99%2F10%2F10kar.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Wi%C5%82komierz" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-el-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-el_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-el_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-el_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSužiedėlis1970–1978" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Sužiedėlis, Simas, ed. (1970–1978). "Pabaiskas, Battle of". <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_Lituanica" title="Encyclopedia Lituanica">Encyclopedia Lituanica</a></i>. Vol. IV. Boston, Massachusetts: Juozas Kapočius. pp. <span class="nowrap">140–</span>141. <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/74-114275">74-114275</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Pabaiskas%2C+Battle+of&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+Lituanica&rft.place=Boston%2C+Massachusetts&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E140-%3C%2Fspan%3E141&rft.pub=Juozas+Kapo%C4%8Dius&rft.date=1970%2F1978&rft_id=info%3Alccn%2F74-114275&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Wi%C5%82komierz" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cd-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-cd_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cd_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKiaupienė2002" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Kiaupienė, Jūratė (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080226131025/http://mkp.emokykla.lt/gimtoji/">"Gediminaičiai ir Jogailaičiai prie Vytauto palikimo"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mkp.emokykla.lt/gimtoji/"><i>Gimtoji istorija. Nuo 7 iki 12 klasės</i></a> (in Lithuanian). Vilnius: Elektroninės leidybos namai. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9986-9216-9-4" title="Special:BookSources/9986-9216-9-4"><bdi>9986-9216-9-4</bdi></a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mkp.emokykla.lt/gimtoji/?id=848">the original</a> on 2008-02-26<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-03-09</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Gediminai%C4%8Diai+ir+Jogailai%C4%8Diai+prie+Vytauto+palikimo&rft.btitle=Gimtoji+istorija.+Nuo+7+iki+12+klas%C4%97s&rft.place=Vilnius&rft.pub=Elektronin%C4%97s+leidybos+namai&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=9986-9216-9-4&rft.aulast=Kiaupien%C4%97&rft.aufirst=J%C5%ABrat%C4%97&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmkp.emokykla.lt%2Fgimtoji%2F%3Fid%3D848&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Wi%C5%82komierz" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-VLM-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-VLM_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRaudkivi2007" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Priit_Raudkivi_(historian)" title="Priit Raudkivi (historian)">Raudkivi, Priit</a> (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=4QxtGQAACAAJ"><i>Vana-Liivimaa maapäev</i></a>. Argo. pp. <span class="nowrap">118–</span>119. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9949-415-84-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-9949-415-84-7"><bdi>978-9949-415-84-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Vana-Liivimaa+maap%C3%A4ev&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E118-%3C%2Fspan%3E119&rft.pub=Argo&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-9949-415-84-7&rft.aulast=Raudkivi&rft.aufirst=Priit&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D4QxtGQAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Wi%C5%82komierz" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ukmerge.lt/index.php/lt/40354/">"Lankytinos vietos"</a> (in Lithuanian). Utena district municipality<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-07-03</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lankytinos+vietos&rft.pub=Utena+district+municipality&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ukmerge.lt%2Findex.php%2Flt%2F40354%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Wi%C5%82komierz" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Lithuanian_wars_and_conflicts9943" style=";wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Lithuanian_wars_and_conflicts" title="Template:Lithuanian wars and conflicts"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Lithuanian_wars_and_conflicts" title="Template talk:Lithuanian wars and conflicts"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Lithuanian_wars_and_conflicts" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Lithuanian wars and 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navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mongol_invasions_of_Lithuania" title="Mongol invasions of Lithuania">Mongol invasions of Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_Crusade" title="Lithuanian Crusade">Lithuanian Crusade</a> (1283–1422)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">14th c.</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Galicia%E2%80%93Volhynia_Wars" title="Galicia–Volhynia Wars">Galicia–Volhynia Wars</a> (1340–1392)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian%E2%80%93Muscovite_War_(1368%E2%80%931372)" title="Lithuanian–Muscovite War (1368–1372)">Lithuanian–Muscovite War (1368–1372)</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Lithuanian_Civil_Wars21" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lithuanian Civil Wars</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_Civil_War_(1381%E2%80%931384)" title="Lithuanian Civil War (1381–1384)">1381–1384</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_Civil_War_(1389%E2%80%931392)" title="Lithuanian Civil War (1389–1392)">1389–1392</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Vikhra_River" title="Battle of the Vikhra River">Vikhra River (1386)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">15th c.</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Lithuanian_Crusade22" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_Crusade" title="Lithuanian Crusade">Lithuanian Crusade</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Samogitian_uprisings" title="Samogitian uprisings">Samogitian anti-Teutonic uprisings (1401–1409)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Lithuanian%E2%80%93Teutonic_War" title="Polish–Lithuanian–Teutonic War">Polish–Lithuanian–Teutonic War</a> (1409–1411) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Grunwald" title="Battle of Grunwald">Grunwald (1410)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunger_War" title="Hunger War">Hunger War</a> (1414)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gollub_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Gollub War">Gollub War</a> (1422)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_Civil_War_(1432%E2%80%931438)" title="Lithuanian Civil War (1432–1438)">Lithuanian Civil War (1432–1438)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ashmyany" title="Battle of Ashmyany">Ašmena</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Pabaiskas</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Teutonic_War_(1431%E2%80%931435)" title="Polish–Teutonic War (1431–1435)">Polish–Lithuanian–Teutonic War</a> (1431–1435)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crusade_of_Varna" title="Crusade of Varna">Crusade of Varna</a> (1443–1444) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Varna" title="Battle of Varna">Varna</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thirteen_Years%27_War_(1454%E2%80%931466)" title="Thirteen Years' War (1454–1466)">Thirteen Years' War (1454–1466)</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">16th c.</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Muscovite–Lithuanian_Wars27" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Muscovite–Lithuanian Wars</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/Muscovite%E2%80%93Lithuanian_Wars#First_border_war_(1492–1494)" title="Muscovite–Lithuanian Wars">1492–1494</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muscovite%E2%80%93Lithuanian_Wars#Second_war_(1500–1503)" title="Muscovite–Lithuanian Wars">1500–1503</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muscovite%E2%80%93Lithuanian_Wars#Third_war_(1507–1508)" title="Muscovite–Lithuanian Wars">1507–1508</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glinski_rebellion" title="Glinski rebellion">Glinski rebellion</a> (1508)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muscovite%E2%80%93Lithuanian_Wars#Fourth_war_(1512–1522)" title="Muscovite–Lithuanian Wars">1512–1522</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muscovite%E2%80%93Lithuanian_Wars#Fifth_or_Starodub_war_(1534–1537)" title="Muscovite–Lithuanian Wars">1534–1537</a></li> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Livonian_War" title="Livonian War">Livonian War</a> (1558–1583) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Livonian_campaign_of_Stephen_B%C3%A1thory" title="Livonian campaign of Stephen Báthory">Livonian campaign of Stephen Báthory</a> (1577–1582)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Seven_Years%27_War" title="Northern Seven Years' War">Northern Seven Years' War</a> (1563–1570)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Polish_Succession_(1587%E2%80%931588)" title="War of the Polish Succession (1587–1588)">War of the Polish–Lithuanian Succession</a> (1587–1588)</li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Uprisings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kosi%C5%84ski_uprising" title="Kosiński uprising">Kosiński (1591–1593)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nalyvaiko_Uprising" title="Nalyvaiko Uprising">Nalyvaiko (1594–1596)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">17th c.</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Wars_with_Sweden42" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Swedish_wars" class="mw-redirect" title="Polish–Swedish wars">Wars with Sweden</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/War_against_Sigismund" title="War against Sigismund">War against Sigismund</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_St%C3%A5ngebro" title="Battle of Stångebro">Stångebro (1598)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Swedish_War_(1600%E2%80%931611)" title="Polish–Swedish War (1600–1611)">1600–1611</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kircholm" title="Battle of Kircholm">Kircholm (1605)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Swedish_War_(1617%E2%80%931618)" title="Polish–Swedish War (1617–1618)">1617–1618</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Swedish_War_(1621%E2%80%931625)" title="Polish–Swedish War (1621–1625)">1621–1625</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Swedish_War_(1626%E2%80%931629)" title="Polish–Swedish War (1626–1629)">1626–1629</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_War_of_1655%E2%80%931660" title="Northern War of 1655–1660">Swedish Deluge</a> (1655–1660)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Rebellions &<br />uprisings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zebrzydowski_rebellion" title="Zebrzydowski rebellion">Zebrzydowski (1606)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhmaylo_uprising" title="Zhmaylo uprising">Zhmaylo (1625)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fedorovych_uprising" title="Fedorovych uprising">Fedorovych (1630)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pavlyuk_uprising" class="mw-redirect" title="Pavlyuk uprising"> Pavlyuk (1637)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ostryanyn_uprising" title="Ostryanyn uprising">Ostryanyn (1638)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khmelnytsky_Uprising" title="Khmelnytsky Uprising"> Khmelnytsky (1648–1657)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Berestechko" title="Battle of Berestechko">Berestechko</a> (1651)</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tsardom of<br />Muscovy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Muscovite_War_(1605%E2%80%931618)" class="mw-redirect" title="Polish–Muscovite War (1605–1618)">1605–1618</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Klushino" title="Battle of Klushino">Klushino (1610)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smolensk_War" title="Smolensk War">1632–1634</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Smolensk_(1632%E2%80%931633)" title="Siege of Smolensk (1632–1633)">Smolensk (1632–1633)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russo-Polish_War_(1654%E2%80%931667)" title="Russo-Polish War (1654–1667)">Russian Deluge</a> (1654–1667)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ottomans &<br />Tatars</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Ottoman_War_(1620%E2%80%931621)" title="Polish–Ottoman War (1620–1621)">1620–1621</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Khotyn_(1621)" title="Battle of Khotyn (1621)">Khotyn (1621)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Ottoman_War_(1633%E2%80%931634)" title="Polish–Ottoman War (1633–1634)">1633–1634</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Cossack%E2%80%93Tatar_War_(1666%E2%80%931671)" title="Polish–Cossack–Tatar War (1666–1671)">1666–1671</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Ottoman_War_(1672%E2%80%931676)" title="Polish–Ottoman War (1672–1676)">1672–1676</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Khotyn_(1673)" title="Battle of Khotyn (1673)">Khotyn (1673)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Ottoman_War_(1683%E2%80%931699)" title="Polish–Ottoman War (1683–1699)">1683–1699</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moldavian_Magnate_Wars" title="Moldavian Magnate Wars">Moldavian Magnate Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thirty_Years%27_War" title="Thirty Years' War">Thirty Years' War</a> (1618–1648) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Humenn%C3%A9" title="Battle of Humenné">Humenné (1619)</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">18th c.</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Early5" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Early</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_Civil_War_(1697%E2%80%931702)" title="Lithuanian Civil War (1697–1702)">Lithuanian Civil War (1697–1702)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Northern_War" title="Great Northern War">Great Northern War</a> (1700–1721)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Polish_Succession" title="War of the Polish Succession">War of the Polish–Lithuanian Succession</a> (1733–1735)</li> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Late</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bar_Confederation" title="Bar Confederation">Bar Confederation</a> (1768–1774)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_of_1792" class="mw-redirect" title="War of 1792">War of 1792</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ko%C5%9Bciuszko_Uprising" title="Kościuszko Uprising">Kościuszko Uprising</a> (1794)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Lithuanian_Armed_Forces_(obverse).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Flag_of_the_Lithuanian_Armed_Forces_%28obverse%29.png/50px-Flag_of_the_Lithuanian_Armed_Forces_%28obverse%29.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="43" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Flag_of_the_Lithuanian_Armed_Forces_%28obverse%29.png/75px-Flag_of_the_Lithuanian_Armed_Forces_%28obverse%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Flag_of_the_Lithuanian_Armed_Forces_%28obverse%29.png/100px-Flag_of_the_Lithuanian_Armed_Forces_%28obverse%29.png 2x" data-file-width="431" data-file-height="367" /></a></span></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Lithuania<br />partitioned<br />(1795–1918)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Napoleonic_Wars" title="Napoleonic Wars">Napoleonic Wars</a> (1803–1815)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_invasion_of_Russia" title="French invasion of Russia">French invasion of Russia</a> (1812)</li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Uprisings9" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Uprisings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Uprising_of_1831" class="mw-redirect" title="Uprising of 1831">1831</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uprising_of_1863" class="mw-redirect" title="Uprising of 1863">1863</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Revolution_of_1905" class="mw-redirect" title="Revolution of 1905">Revolution of 1905</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a> (1914–1918)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Interwar_Lithuania" class="mw-redirect" title="Interwar Lithuania">Interwar<br />Lithuania</a><br />(1918–1940)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_Wars_of_Independence" title="Lithuanian Wars of Independence">Lithuanian Wars of Independence</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian%E2%80%93Soviet_War" title="Lithuanian–Soviet War">Lithuanian–Soviet War</a> (1918–1919)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Lithuanian_War" title="Polish–Lithuanian War">Polish–Lithuanian War</a> (1919–1920)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klaip%C4%97da_Revolt" title="Klaipėda Revolt">Klaipėda Revolt</a> (1923)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Lithuania#World_War_II_(1939–1945)" title="History of Lithuania">World War II</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/June_Uprising_in_Lithuania" title="June Uprising in Lithuania">June Uprising in Lithuania</a> (1941)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Lithuania#Soviet_period_(1944–1990)" title="History of Lithuania">Soviet<br />occupation</a><br />(1944–1990)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_partisans" title="Lithuanian partisans">Lithuanian partisans</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Lithuania#Independence_restored_(1990–present)" title="History of Lithuania">Restored<br />Lithuania</a><br />(since 1990)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_OMON_assaults_on_Lithuanian_border_posts" title="Soviet OMON assaults on Lithuanian border posts">Soviet OMON assaults on Lithuanian border posts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_in_Afghanistan_(2001%E2%80%932021)" title="War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)">War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraq_War" title="Iraq War">Iraq War</a> (2003–2011)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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