CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>2G - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy","wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"207e213b-9f9c-43be-9f35-16c6a5739633","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"2G","wgTitle":"2G","wgCurRevisionId":1283865342,"wgRevisionId":1283865342,"wgArticleId":282460,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["CS1 Swedish-language sources (sv)","CS1 Spanish-language sources (es)","CS1 German-language sources (de)","CS1 Chinese-language sources (zh)","CS1 Icelandic-language sources (is)","CS1 Hebrew-language sources (he)","Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Use dmy dates from November 2023","Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2023","All articles containing potentially dated statements","Mobile telecommunications","Software-defined radio","Wireless communication systems"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"2G","wgRelevantArticleId":282460,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":100000,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q845349","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false}; RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.tablesorter.styles":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.tablesorter","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.quicksurveys.init","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cjquery.tablesorter.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.23"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Cellular_network_standards_and_generation_timeline.svg/1200px-Cellular_network_standards_and_generation_timeline.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="910"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Cellular_network_standards_and_generation_timeline.svg/800px-Cellular_network_standards_and_generation_timeline.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="607"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Cellular_network_standards_and_generation_timeline.svg/640px-Cellular_network_standards_and_generation_timeline.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="486"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="2G - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/2G"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=2G&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2G"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="auth.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-2G rootpage-2G skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" title="Main menu" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Main menu </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z">Main page</a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia">Contents</a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events">Current events</a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x">Random article</a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works">About Wikipedia</a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia">Contact us</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia">Help</a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia">Learn to edit</a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors">Community portal</a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r">Recent changes</a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia">Upload file</a></li><li id="n-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages">Special pages</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"> Search </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Appearance </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class="">Donate</a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=2G" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class="">Create account</a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=2G" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class="">Log in</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Personal tools </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en">Donate</a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=2G" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"> Create account</a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=2G" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"> Log in</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing">learn more</a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y">Contributions</a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n">Talk</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1 History </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Evolution_of_GSM_2G" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Evolution_of_GSM_2G"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Evolution of GSM 2G </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Evolution_of_GSM_2G-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Evolution of GSM 2G subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Evolution_of_GSM_2G-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-2.5G_(GPRS)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2.5G_(GPRS)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 2.5G (GPRS) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2.5G_(GPRS)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2.75G_(EDGE)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2.75G_(EDGE)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 2.75G (EDGE) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2.75G_(EDGE)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2.875G_(EDGE_Evolution)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2.875G_(EDGE_Evolution)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 2.875G (EDGE Evolution) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2.875G_(EDGE_Evolution)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Phase-out" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Phase-out"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Phase-out </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Phase-out-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Phase-out subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Phase-out-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Criticism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Criticism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Criticism </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Criticism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Past_2G_networks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Past_2G_networks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Past 2G networks </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Past_2G_networks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">2G</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 49 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-49" aria-hidden="true" > 49 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/2G" title="2G – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="2G" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%84_%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%86_(%D8%B4%D8%A8%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%B5%D8%A7%D9%84)" title="جيل ثان (شبكات اتصال) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جيل ثان (شبكات اتصال)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telefon%C3%ADa_m%C3%B3vil_2G" title="Telefonía móvil 2G – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Telefonía móvil 2G" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A7%A8%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BF" title="২জি – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="২জি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/2G" title="2G – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="2G" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/2G" title="2G – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="2G" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/2G" title="2G – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="2G" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/2G" title="2G – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="2G" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/2G" title="2G – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="2G" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telefon%C3%ADa_m%C3%B3vil_2G" title="Telefonía móvil 2G – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Telefonía móvil 2G" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/2G" title="2G – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="2G" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%84_%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%85_%D8%B4%D8%A8%DA%A9%D9%87_%D9%85%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="نسل دوم شبکه مخابرات سیار – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="نسل دوم شبکه مخابرات سیار" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/2%EC%84%B8%EB%8C%80_%EC%9D%B4%EB%8F%99_%ED%86%B5%EC%8B%A0" title="2세대 이동 통신 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="2세대 이동 통신" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%A8%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80" title="२जी – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="२जी" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/2G" title="2G – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="2G" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/2G" title="2G – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="2G" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/2G" title="2G – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="2G" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/2G" title="2G – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="2G" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/2G" title="2G – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="2G" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/2_%E0%B2%9C%E0%B2%BF" title="2 ಜಿ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="2 ಜಿ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/2G" title="2G – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="2G" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%A8%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80" title="२जी – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="२जी" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/2G" title="2G – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="2G" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/2G" title="2G – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="2G" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%AC%AC2%E4%B8%96%E4%BB%A3%E7%A7%BB%E5%8B%95%E9%80%9A%E4%BF%A1%E3%82%B7%E3%82%B9%E3%83%86%E3%83%A0" title="第2世代移動通信システム – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="第2世代移動通信システム" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/2G" title="2G – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="2G" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/2G" title="2G – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="2G" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AD%A8%E0%AC%9C%E0%AC%BF" title="୨ଜି – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="୨ଜି" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target">ଓଡ଼ିଆ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/2G" title="2G – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="2G" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/2G" title="2G – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="2G" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/2G" title="2G – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="2G" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/2G" title="2G – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="2G" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/2G" title="2G – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="2G" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/2G" title="2G – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="2G" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target">Саха тыла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/2G" title="2G – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="2G" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/2G" title="2G – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="2G" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/2G" title="2G – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="2G" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/2G" title="2G – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="2G" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sunda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/2G" title="2G – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="2G" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/2%E0%AE%9C%E0%AE%BF" title="2ஜி – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="2ஜி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/2_%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B5" title="2 จี – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="2 จี" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/2G" title="2G – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="2G" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/2G" title="2G – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="2G" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/2_%D8%AC%DB%8C" title="2 جی – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="2 جی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/2G" title="2G – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="2G" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vèneto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/2G" title="2G – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="2G" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/2G" title="2G – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="2G" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/2G" title="2G – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="2G" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/2G" title="2G – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="2G" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q845349#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/2G" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c">Article</a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:2G" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t">Talk</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" >English </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/2G">Read</a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=2G&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e">Edit</a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=2G&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h">View history</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" >Tools </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/2G">Read</a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=2G&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e">Edit</a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=2G&action=history">View history</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/2G" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j">What links here</a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/2G" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k">Related changes</a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u">Upload file</a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=2G&oldid=1283865342" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page">Permanent link</a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=2G&action=info" title="More information about this page">Page information</a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=2G&id=1283865342&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page">Cite this page</a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F2G">Get shortened URL</a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F2G">Download QR code</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=2G&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file">Download as PDF</a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=2G&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p">Printable version</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q845349" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g">Wikidata item</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">First generation of digital cellular networks</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/2G_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="2G (disambiguation)">2G (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1246091330">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.2em;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border-collapse:collapse;display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:table!important;float:right!important;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em!important}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-subgroup{width:100%;margin:0;border-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-none{float:none;clear:both;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-outer-title{padding:0 0.4em 0.2em;font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-image{padding:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-caption,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-caption{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle{padding:0.4em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.2em 0.8em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-image{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-heading{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content{padding:0 0.5em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Mobile_telecommunications" title="Category:Mobile telecommunications">a series</a> on the</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/List_of_wireless_network_technologies" title="List of wireless network technologies">Wireless network technologies</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Cellular_network_standards_and_generation_timeline.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Cellular_network_standards_and_generation_timeline.svg/200px-Cellular_network_standards_and_generation_timeline.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Cellular_network_standards_and_generation_timeline.svg/300px-Cellular_network_standards_and_generation_timeline.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Cellular_network_standards_and_generation_timeline.svg/400px-Cellular_network_standards_and_generation_timeline.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="605" data-file-height="459" /></a></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Analog</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="plainlist"><ul style="text-align:center;"><li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_radio_telephone" title="Mobile radio telephone">0G</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/1G" title="1G">1G</a> (<a href="/wiki/Digital_AMPS" title="Digital AMPS">1.5G</a>)</li></ul></div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Digital</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="plainlist"><ul style="text-align:center;"><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">2G</a> (<a href="/wiki/General_Packet_Radio_Service" class="mw-redirect" title="General Packet Radio Service">2.5G</a>, <a href="/wiki/Enhanced_Data_rates_for_GSM_Evolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution"> 2.75G</a>, <a href="/wiki/CDMA2000_1x" class="mw-redirect" title="CDMA2000 1x">2.9G</a>)</li><li><a href="/wiki/3G" title="3G">3G</a> (<a href="/wiki/High_Speed_Packet_Access" title="High Speed Packet Access">3.5G</a>, <a href="/wiki/Evolved_High_Speed_Packet_Access" title="Evolved High Speed Packet Access">3.75G</a>, <a href="/wiki/LTE_(telecommunication)" title="LTE (telecommunication)">3.9G/3.95G</a>)</li><li><a href="/wiki/4G" title="4G">4G</a> (<a href="/wiki/IMT_Advanced" title="IMT Advanced">4G/4.5G</a>, <a href="/wiki/LTE_Advanced" title="LTE Advanced">4.5G</a>, <a href="/wiki/LTE_Advanced_Pro" class="mw-redirect" title="LTE Advanced Pro">4.9G</a>)</li><li><a href="/wiki/5G" title="5G">5G</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ultra-wideband" title="Ultra-wideband">5.25G</a>, <a href="/wiki/5G-Advanced" class="mw-redirect" title="5G-Advanced">5.5G</a>)</li><li><a href="/wiki/6G" title="6G">6G</a></li></ul></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <a href="/wiki/Mobile_telephony" title="Mobile telephony">Mobile telecommunications</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:List_of_mobile_phone_generations" title="Template:List of mobile phone generations"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:List_of_mobile_phone_generations" title="Template talk:List of mobile phone generations"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:List_of_mobile_phone_generations" title="Special:EditPage/Template:List of mobile phone generations"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> 2G refers to the second-generation of <a href="/wiki/Cellular_network" title="Cellular network">cellular network</a> technology, which were rolled out globally starting in the early 1990s. The main differentiator to previous mobile telephone systems, retrospectively dubbed <a href="/wiki/1G" title="1G">1G</a>, is that the radio signals of 2G networks are <a href="/wiki/Digital_data" title="Digital data">digital</a> rather than <a href="/wiki/Analog_signal" title="Analog signal">analog</a>, for communication between <a href="/wiki/Mobile_device" title="Mobile device">mobile devices</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cell_tower" class="mw-redirect" title="Cell tower">base stations</a>. In addition to <a href="/wiki/Voice_telephony" class="mw-redirect" title="Voice telephony">voice telephony</a>, 2G also made possible the use of <a href="/wiki/Mobile_data" class="mw-redirect" title="Mobile data">data</a> services. The most common 2G technology has been the <a href="/wiki/GSM" title="GSM">GSM</a> standard, which became the first globally adopted framework for <a href="/wiki/Mobile_telephony" title="Mobile telephony">mobile communications</a>. Other 2G technologies include <a href="/wiki/CdmaOne" title="CdmaOne">cdmaOne</a> and the now-discontinued <a href="/wiki/Digital_AMPS" title="Digital AMPS">Digital AMPS</a> (D-AMPS/TDMA),<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a> as well the <a href="/wiki/Personal_Digital_Cellular" title="Personal Digital Cellular">Personal Digital Cellular</a> (PDC) and <a href="/wiki/Personal_Handy-phone_System" title="Personal Handy-phone System">Personal Handy-phone System</a> (PHS) in Japan. The transition to digital technology enabled the implementation of <a href="/wiki/Secure_voice" title="Secure voice">encryption</a> for voice calls and data transmission, significantly improving the security of mobile communications while also increasing capacity and efficiency compared to earlier analog systems. 2G networks were primarily designed to support voice calls and Short Message Service (<a href="/wiki/SMS" title="SMS">SMS</a>), with later advancements such as General Packet Radio Service (<a href="/wiki/General_Packet_Radio_Service" class="mw-redirect" title="General Packet Radio Service">GPRS</a>) enabling always-on packet data services, including <a href="/wiki/Email" title="Email">email</a> and limited <a href="/wiki/Internet_access" title="Internet access">internet access</a>. 2G was succeeded by <a href="/wiki/3G" title="3G">3G</a> technology, which provided higher data transfer rates and expanded mobile internet capabilities. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2G&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History">edit</a>]</div> In 1990, <a href="/wiki/AT%26T_Bell_Labs" class="mw-redirect" title="AT&T Bell Labs">AT&T Bell Labs</a> engineers <a href="/wiki/Jesse_Russell" title="Jesse Russell">Jesse Russell</a>, Farhad Barzegar and Can A. Eryaman filed a patent for a digital mobile phone that supports the transmission of digital data. Their patent was cited several years later by <a href="/wiki/Nokia" title="Nokia">Nokia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Motorola" title="Motorola">Motorola</a> when they were developing 2G digital mobile phones.<a href="#cite_note-:27-2">[2]</a> 2G was first commercially launched in 1991 by <a href="/wiki/Radiolinja" title="Radiolinja">Radiolinja</a> (now part of <a href="/wiki/Elisa_Oyj" class="mw-redirect" title="Elisa Oyj">Elisa Oyj</a>) in Finland in the form of <a href="/wiki/GSM" title="GSM">GSM</a>, which was defined by the <a href="/wiki/European_Telecommunications_Standards_Institute" title="European Telecommunications Standards Institute">European Telecommunications Standards Institute</a> (ETSI).<a href="#cite_note-Radiolinja's_History-3">[3]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_Industry_Association" title="Telecommunications Industry Association">Telecommunications Industry Association</a> (TIA) defined the <a href="/wiki/CdmaOne" title="CdmaOne">cdmaOne</a> (IS-95) 2G standard, with an eight to ten fold increase in voice call capacity compared to analog <a href="/wiki/Advanced_Mobile_Phone_System" title="Advanced Mobile Phone System">AMPS</a>.<a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a> The first deployment of cdmaOne was in 1995.<a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a> In North America, <a href="/wiki/Digital_AMPS" title="Digital AMPS">Digital AMPS</a> (IS-54 and IS-136) and <a href="/wiki/CdmaOne" title="CdmaOne">cdmaOne</a> (IS-95) were dominant, but GSM was also used. Later 2G releases in the GSM space, often referred to as 2.5G and 2.75G, include General Packet Radio Service (<a href="/wiki/General_Packet_Radio_Service" class="mw-redirect" title="General Packet Radio Service">GPRS</a>) and Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution (<a href="/wiki/Enhanced_Data_rates_for_GSM_Evolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution">EDGE</a>). GPRS allows 2G networks to achieve a theoretical maximum <a href="/wiki/Bandwidth_(computing)" title="Bandwidth (computing)">transfer speed</a> of 40 kbit/s (5 kB/s). EDGE increases this capacity, providing a theoretical maximum transfer speed of 384 kbit/s (48 kB/s). Three primary benefits of 2G networks over their 1G predecessors were: <ul><li>Digitally encrypted phone conversations, at least between the <a href="/wiki/Mobile_phone" title="Mobile phone">mobile phone</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Cell_site" title="Cell site">cellular base station</a> but not necessarily in the rest of the network.</li> <li>Significantly more <a href="/wiki/Spectral_efficiency" title="Spectral efficiency">efficient use of the radio frequency spectrum</a> enabling more users per frequency band.</li> <li>Data services for mobile, starting with <a href="/wiki/SMS" title="SMS">SMS</a> text messages then expanding to <a href="/wiki/Multimedia_Messaging_Service" title="Multimedia Messaging Service">Multimedia Messaging Service</a> (MMS).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Evolution_of_GSM_2G">Evolution of GSM 2G</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2G&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Evolution of GSM 2G">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cellular_network_standards_and_generation_timeline.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Cellular_network_standards_and_generation_timeline.svg/310px-Cellular_network_standards_and_generation_timeline.svg.png" decoding="async" width="310" height="235" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Cellular_network_standards_and_generation_timeline.svg/465px-Cellular_network_standards_and_generation_timeline.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Cellular_network_standards_and_generation_timeline.svg/620px-Cellular_network_standards_and_generation_timeline.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="605" data-file-height="459" /></a><figcaption>Cellular network standards and generation timeline. (Large titles on the colored area refer to the lines to their right.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2.5G_(GPRS)">2.5G (GPRS)</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2G&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: 2.5G (GPRS)">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/GPRS" title="GPRS">GPRS</a></div> 2.5G ("second-and-a-half generation") refers to 2G systems that incorporate a <a href="/wiki/Packet_switching" title="Packet switching">packet-switched</a> domain alongside the existing <a href="/wiki/Circuit_switching" title="Circuit switching">circuit-switched</a> domain, most commonly implemented through General Packet Radio Service (<a href="/wiki/General_Packet_Radio_Service" class="mw-redirect" title="General Packet Radio Service">GPRS</a>).<a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a> GPRS enables packet-based data transmission by dynamically allocating multiple timeslots to users, improving network efficiency. However, this does not inherently provide faster speeds, as similar techniques, such as timeslot bundling, are also employed in circuit-switched data services like High-Speed Circuit-Switched Data (<a href="/wiki/HSCSD" class="mw-redirect" title="HSCSD">HSCSD</a>). Within GPRS-enabled 2G systems, the theoretical maximum <a href="/wiki/Transfer_rate" class="mw-redirect" title="Transfer rate">transfer rate</a> is 40 kbit/s (5 kB/s).<a href="#cite_note-:1-7">[7]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2.75G_(EDGE)">2.75G (EDGE)</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2G&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: 2.75G (EDGE)">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/EDGE" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="EDGE">EDGE</a></div> 2.75G refers to the evolution of GPRS networks into <a href="/wiki/Enhanced_Data_rates_for_GSM_Evolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution">EDGE</a> (Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution) networks, achieved through the introduction of 8PSK (8 Phase Shift Keying) encoding. While the symbol rate remained constant at 270.833 samples per second, the use of 8PSK allowed each symbol to carry three bits instead of one, significantly increasing data transmission efficiency. Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE), also known as Enhanced GPRS (EGPRS) or IMT Single Carrier (IMT-SC), is a backward-compatible digital mobile phone technology built as an extension to standard GSM. First deployed in 2003 by AT&T in the United States, EDGE offers a theoretical maximum transfer speed of 384 kbit/s (48 kB/s).<a href="#cite_note-:1-7">[7]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2.875G_(EDGE_Evolution)">2.875G (EDGE Evolution)</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2G&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: 2.875G (EDGE Evolution)">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/Evolved_EDGE" class="mw-redirect" title="Evolved EDGE">Evolved EDGE</a> (also known as EDGE Evolution or 2.875G) is an enhancement of the EDGE mobile technology that was introduced as a late-stage upgrade to 2G networks. While EDGE was first deployed in the early 2000s as part of GSM networks, Evolved EDGE was launched much later, coinciding with the widespread adoption of 3G technologies such as <a href="/wiki/High_Speed_Packet_Access" title="High Speed Packet Access">HSPA</a> and just before the emergence of <a href="/wiki/4G" title="4G">4G</a> networks. This timing limited its practical application. Evolved EDGE increased data throughput and reduced latencies (down to 80 ms) by utilizing improved modulation techniques, dual carrier support, dual antennas, and <a href="/wiki/Turbo_code" title="Turbo code">turbo codes</a>. It achieved peak data rates of up to 1 Mbit/s, significantly enhancing network efficiency for operators that had not yet transitioned to 3G or 4G infrastructures. However, despite its technical improvements, Evolved EDGE was never widely deployed. By the time it became available, most network operators were focused on implementing more advanced technologies like <a href="/wiki/UMTS" title="UMTS">UMTS</a> and <a href="/wiki/LTE_(telecommunication)" title="LTE (telecommunication)">LTE</a>. As of 2016, no commercial networks were reported to support Evolved EDGE. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Phase-out">Phase-out</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2G&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Phase-out">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/GSM#Discontinuation" title="GSM">GSM § Discontinuation</a></div> 2G, understood as <a href="/wiki/GSM" title="GSM">GSM</a> and <a href="/wiki/CdmaOne" title="CdmaOne">CdmaOne</a>, has been superseded by newer technologies such as <a href="/wiki/3G" title="3G">3G</a> (<a href="/wiki/UMTS" title="UMTS">UMTS</a> / <a href="/wiki/CDMA2000" title="CDMA2000">CDMA2000</a>), <a href="/wiki/4G" title="4G">4G</a> (<a href="/wiki/LTE_(telecommunication)" title="LTE (telecommunication)">LTE</a> / <a href="/wiki/WiMAX" title="WiMAX">WiMAX</a>) and <a href="/wiki/5G" title="5G">5G</a> (<a href="/wiki/5G_NR" title="5G NR">5G NR</a>). However, 2G networks were still available as of 2023<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2G&action=edit">[update]</a> in most parts of the world, while notably excluding the majority of carriers in <a href="/wiki/North_America" title="North America">North America</a>, <a href="/wiki/East_Asia" title="East Asia">East Asia</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Australasia" title="Australasia">Australasia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a> Many modern LTE-enabled devices have the ability to fall back to 2G for phone calls, necessary especially in rural areas where later generations have not yet been implemented.<a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a> In some places, its successor 3G is being shut down rather than 2G – <a href="/wiki/Vodafone" title="Vodafone">Vodafone</a> previously announced that it had switched off 3G across Europe in 2020 but still retains 2G as a fallback service.<a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a> In the US <a href="/wiki/T-Mobile_US" title="T-Mobile US">T-Mobile</a> shut down their 3G services while retaining their 2G GSM network.<a href="#cite_note-TM_2G-13">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-TM_3G_Shutdown_US-14">[14]</a> Various carriers have made announcements that 2G technology in the United States, Japan, Australia, and other countries are in the process of being shut down, or have already shut down 2G services so that carriers can re-use the frequencies for newer technologies (e.g. 4G, 5G).<a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a> As a legacy protocol, 2G connectivity is considered insecure.<a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a> Specifically, there exist well known methods to attack weaknesses in GSM since 2009<a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a> with practical use in crime.<a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a> Attack routes on 2G CdmaOne were found later and remain less publicized.<a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a> <a href="/wiki/Android_(operating_system)" title="Android (operating system)">Android</a> <a href="/wiki/Android_12" title="Android 12">12</a> and later provide a network setting to disable 2G connectivity for the device.<a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a> <a href="/wiki/IOS" title="IOS">iOS</a> <a href="/wiki/IOS_16" title="IOS 16">16</a> and later can disable 2G connectivity by enabling <a href="/wiki/IOS_16#Lockdown_mode" title="IOS 16">Lockdown Mode</a>.<a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Criticism">Criticism</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2G&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Criticism">edit</a>]</div> In some parts of the world, including the United Kingdom, 2G remains widely used for older <a href="/wiki/Feature_phone" title="Feature phone">feature phones</a> and for <a href="/wiki/Internet_of_things" title="Internet of things">internet of things</a> (IoT) devices such as smart meters, <a href="/wiki/ECall" title="ECall">eCall</a> systems and <a href="/wiki/Vehicle_tracking_system" title="Vehicle tracking system">vehicle trackers</a> to avoid the high patent licensing cost of newer technologies.<a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a> Terminating 2G services could leave vulnerable people who rely on 2G infrastructure unable to communicate even with emergency contacts, causing harm and possibly deaths.<a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Past_2G_networks">Past 2G networks</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2G&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Past 2G networks">edit</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <caption> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Country </th> <th>Status </th> <th>Network </th> <th>Shutdown date </th> <th style="width:4em">Standard </th> <th style="width:35em">Notes </th></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Flag_of_%C3%85land.svg/40px-Flag_of_%C3%85land.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Flag_of_%C3%85land.svg/60px-Flag_of_%C3%85land.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="520" data-file-height="340" /> <a href="/wiki/%C3%85land" title="Åland">Åland</a> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%C3%85lcom" title="Ålcom">Ålcom</a> </td> <td style="background: #FFD; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="partial table-partial">2024 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/GSM" title="GSM">GSM</a> </td> <td>2G availability cannot be guaranteed after 1 Jan 2022, all stations are planned to be shut down in 2024.<a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Anguilla.svg/40px-Flag_of_Anguilla.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Anguilla.svg/60px-Flag_of_Anguilla.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Anguilla" title="Anguilla">Anguilla</a> </td> <td rowspan="2"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Digicel" title="Digicel">Digicel</a> </td> <td>active </td> <td><a href="/wiki/GSM" title="GSM">GSM</a> </td> <td>900 MHz: 5 MHz GSM + 5 MHz UMTS 1900 MHz: 5 MHz UMTS <a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a><a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a><a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a><a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Flow_(brand)" title="Flow (brand)">FLOW</a> </td> <td>2024-04-22 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/GSM" title="GSM">GSM</a> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a><a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda.svg/23px-Flag_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda.svg/35px-Flag_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda.svg/45px-Flag_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="Antigua and Barbuda">Antigua and Barbuda</a> </td> <td rowspan="3">No Service </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antigua_Public_Utilities_Authority&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antigua Public Utilities Authority (page does not exist)">APUA</a> </td> <td>2018-04-01 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/GSM" title="GSM">GSM</a> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Digicel" title="Digicel">Digicel</a> </td> <td>2024-05-31 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/GSM" title="GSM">GSM</a> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Flow_(brand)" title="Flow (brand)">FLOW</a> </td> <td>2024-07-31 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/GSM" title="GSM">GSM</a> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Aruba.svg/23px-Flag_of_Aruba.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Aruba.svg/35px-Flag_of_Aruba.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Aruba.svg/45px-Flag_of_Aruba.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Aruba" title="Aruba">Aruba</a> </td> <td rowspan="2">partially unconfirmed </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Digicel" title="Digicel">Digicel</a> </td> <td style="background: #FFD; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="partial table-partial">2024-06-30 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/GSM" title="GSM">GSM</a> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/SETAR_NV" title="SETAR NV">SETAR</a> </td> <td>active </td> <td><a href="/wiki/GSM" title="GSM">GSM</a> </td> <td>GSM-900 & GSM-1900 </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="5"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/60px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /> <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a> </td> <td rowspan="5">No Service </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hutchison_3G#Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Hutchison 3G">Hutchison 3</a> </td> <td>2006-08-09 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/CdmaOne" title="CdmaOne">cdmaOne</a> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a><a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a><a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a><a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a><a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Optus" title="Optus">Optus</a> </td> <td>2017-08-01 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/GSM" title="GSM">GSM</a> </td> <td>2G shut down in <a href="/wiki/Western_Australia" title="Western Australia">WA</a> and <a href="/wiki/Northern_Territory" title="Northern Territory">NT</a> on 3 Apr 2017.<a href="#cite_note-Optus_AU-41">[41]</a><a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Telstra" title="Telstra">Telstra</a> </td> <td>2008-04-28 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/CdmaOne" title="CdmaOne">cdmaOne</a> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a><a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a><a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a><a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a><a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Telstra" title="Telstra">Telstra</a> </td> <td>2016-12-01 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/GSM" title="GSM">GSM</a> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-Telstra_AU-48">[48]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Vodafone_Australia_(brand)" class="mw-redirect" title="Vodafone Australia (brand)">Vodafone</a> </td> <td>2018-06-14 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/GSM" title="GSM">GSM</a> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-VF_AU-49">[49]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Flag_of_the_Bahamas.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Bahamas.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Flag_of_the_Bahamas.svg/60px-Flag_of_the_Bahamas.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/The_Bahamas" title="The Bahamas">Bahamas</a> </td> <td rowspan="2">No Service </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Aliv" title="Aliv">Aliv</a> </td> <td>N/A </td> <td>(no 2G) </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/BTC_(The_Bahamas)" title="BTC (The Bahamas)">BTC</a> </td> <td>2024-06-30 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/GSM" title="GSM">GSM</a> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-BTC_BS_1-50">[50]</a><a href="#cite_note-BTC_BS_2-51">[51]</a><a href="#cite_note-BTC_BS_3-52">[52]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Bahrain.svg/40px-Flag_of_Bahrain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Bahrain.svg/60px-Flag_of_Bahrain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Bahrain" title="Bahrain">Bahrain</a> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Batelco" title="Batelco">Batelco</a> </td> <td>2021-11-30 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/GSM" title="GSM">GSM</a> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-Batelco_BH-53">[53]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Flag_of_Barbados.svg/40px-Flag_of_Barbados.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Flag_of_Barbados.svg/60px-Flag_of_Barbados.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /> <a href="/wiki/Barbados" title="Barbados">Barbados</a> </td> <td rowspan="2">partially unconfirmed </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Digicel" title="Digicel">Digicel</a> </td> <td style="background: #FFD; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="partial table-partial">2025-03-31 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/GSM" title="GSM">GSM</a> </td> <td>900 MHz: 6 MHz GSM / 1800 MHz: 12 MHz GSM <a href="#cite_note-SM_Frequencies_BB-54">[54]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Flow_(brand)" title="Flow (brand)">FLOW</a> </td> <td style="background: #FFD; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="partial table-partial">2024-04-22 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/GSM" title="GSM">GSM</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/60px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a> </td> <td rowspan="3"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Orange_Belgium" title="Orange Belgium">Orange</a> </td> <td style="background: #FFD; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="partial table-partial">2030 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/GSM" title="GSM">GSM</a> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-2G_Shutdown_Europe-55">[55]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Telenet_(provider)" class="mw-redirect" title="Telenet (provider)">Telenet</a> </td> <td style="background: #FFD; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="partial table-partial">2027 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/GSM" title="GSM">GSM</a> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-Telenet_BE-56">[56]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Proximus" title="Proximus">Proximus</a> </td> <td style="background: #FFD; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="partial table-partial">2027 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/GSM" title="GSM">GSM</a> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bermuda.svg/40px-Flag_of_Bermuda.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bermuda.svg/60px-Flag_of_Bermuda.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Bermuda" title="Bermuda">Bermuda</a> </td> <td rowspan="2"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Digicel" title="Digicel">Digicel</a> </td> <td>active </td> <td><a href="/wiki/GSM" title="GSM">GSM</a> </td> <td>1900 MHz: 15 MHz GSM + 15 MHz LTE <a href="#cite_note-SM_Frequencies_BM-58">[58]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>One </td> <td>active </td> <td><a href="/wiki/GSM" title="GSM">GSM</a> </td> <td>1900 MHz: 5 MHz GSM + 20 MHz LTE <a href="#cite_note-SM_Frequencies_BM-58">[58]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Flag_of_Bonaire.svg/40px-Flag_of_Bonaire.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Flag_of_Bonaire.svg/60px-Flag_of_Bonaire.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Bonaire" title="Bonaire">Bonaire</a> </td> <td rowspan="2">partially unconfirmed </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Digicel" title="Digicel">Digicel</a> </td> <td style="background: #FFD; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="partial table-partial">2025-03-31 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/GSM" title="GSM">GSM</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Flow_(brand)" title="Flow (brand)">FLOW</a> </td> <td style="background: #FFD; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="partial table-partial">2024-04-22 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/GSM" title="GSM">GSM</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Flag_of_the_British_Virgin_Islands.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_British_Virgin_Islands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Flag_of_the_British_Virgin_Islands.svg/60px-Flag_of_the_British_Virgin_Islands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/British_Virgin_Islands" title="British Virgin Islands">British Virgin Islands</a> </td> <td rowspan="3"> </td> <td>CCT </td> <td>active </td> <td><a href="/wiki/GSM" title="GSM">GSM</a> </td> <td>1900 MHz: 10 MHz GSM + 20 MHz LTE <a href="#cite_note-SM_Frequencies_VG-59">[59]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Digicel" title="Digicel">Digicel</a> </td> <td>active </td> <td><a href="/wiki/GSM" title="GSM">GSM</a> </td> <td>1800 MHz: 15 MHz GSM 1900 MHz: 5 MHz GSM + 10 MHz UMTS <a href="#cite_note-SM_Frequencies_VG-59">[59]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Flow_(brand)" title="Flow (brand)">FLOW</a> </td> <td>2024-04-22 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/GSM" title="GSM">GSM</a> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-2G_Shutdown_BVI-60">[60]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Brunei.svg/40px-Flag_of_Brunei.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Brunei.svg/60px-Flag_of_Brunei.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1440" data-file-height="720" /> <a href="/wiki/Brunei" title="Brunei">Brunei</a> </td> <td>No Service </td> <td>UNN </td> <td>2021-06-01 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/GSM" title="GSM">GSM</a> </td> <td>National Wholesale Network used by DSTCom, <a href="/wiki/Progresif" title="Progresif">Progresif</a> and <a href="/wiki/Imagine_(Brunei_telecommunications_company)" title="Imagine (Brunei telecommunications company)">imagine</a>.<a href="#cite_note-2G_Shutdown_BN_1-61">[61]</a><a href="#cite_note-2G_Shutdown_BN_2-62">[62]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="4"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a> </td> <td rowspan="4"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bell_Mobility" title="Bell Mobility">Bell</a> </td> <td>2019-04-30 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/CdmaOne" title="CdmaOne">cdmaOne</a> </td> <td>Shutdown of CDMA transmitters commenced in remote areas in 2017, followed by an official announcement in June 2018 that 2G devices will lose service soon.<a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a><a href="#cite_note-Bell_CA-64">[64]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Rogers_Wireless" title="Rogers Wireless">Rogers Wireless</a> </td> <td style="background: #FFD; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="partial table-partial">TBD </td> <td><a href="/wiki/GSM" title="GSM">GSM</a> </td> <td>1900 MHz shutdown in Jun 2021. 850 MHz remains active.<a href="#cite_note-Rogers_CA_1-65">[65]</a><a href="#cite_note-Rogers_CA_2-66">[66]</a><a href="#cite_note-Rogers_CA_3-67">[67]</a><a href="#cite_note-Rogers_CA_4-68">[68]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/SaskTel" title="SaskTel">SaskTel</a> </td> <td>2017-07-31 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/CdmaOne" title="CdmaOne">cdmaOne</a> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-Saktel_CA_1-69">[69]</a><a href="#cite_note-Sasktel_CA_2-70">[70]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Telus_Mobility" title="Telus Mobility">Telus Mobility</a> </td> <td>2017-05-31 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/CdmaOne" title="CdmaOne">cdmaOne</a> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-Telus_CA_1-71">[71]</a><a href="#cite_note-Telus_CA_2-72">[72]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_the_Cayman_Islands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Cayman_Islands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_the_Cayman_Islands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Cayman_Islands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_the_Cayman_Islands.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Cayman_Islands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Cayman_Islands" title="Cayman Islands">Cayman Islands</a> </td> <td rowspan="2">partially unconfirmed </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Digicel" title="Digicel">Digicel</a> </td> <td>2020-07-01 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/GSM" title="GSM">GSM</a> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-Digicel_KY_1-73">[73]</a><a href="#cite_note-Digicel_KY_2-74">[74]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Flow_(brand)" title="Flow (brand)">FLOW</a> </td> <td style="background: #FFD; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="partial table-partial">2024-04-22 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/GSM" title="GSM">GSM</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a> </td> <td rowspan="3"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/China_Mobile" title="China Mobile">China Mobile</a> </td> <td>active </td> <td><a href="/wiki/GSM" title="GSM">GSM</a> </td> <td>900 MHz: 15 MHz GSM 1800 MHz: 25 MHz GSM <a href="#cite_note-SM_Frequencies_CN-75">[75]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/China_Telecom" title="China Telecom">China Telecom</a> </td> <td style="background: #FFD; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="partial table-partial">2025 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/CdmaOne" title="CdmaOne">cdmaOne</a> </td> <td>Local shutdown commenced on 01 Jun 2020. <a href="/wiki/CDMA2000" title="CDMA2000">CDMA2000</a> 1xRTT, EV-DO Rev. A/B (3G) service also terminates.<a href="#cite_note-SM_Frequencies_CN-75">[75]</a><a href="#cite_note-CT_CN_1-76">[76]</a><a href="#cite_note-CT_CU_CN-77">[77]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/China_Unicom" title="China Unicom">China Unicom</a> </td> <td style="background: #FFD; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="partial table-partial">2025 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/GSM" title="GSM">GSM</a> </td> <td>Local shutdown commenced on 18 Apr 2018.<a href="#cite_note-SM_Frequencies_CN-75">[75]</a><a href="#cite_note-CU_CN_1-78">[78]</a><a href="#cite_note-CU_CN_2-79">[79]</a><a href="#cite_note-CT_CU_CN-77">[77]</a><a href="#cite_note-CU_CN_3-80">[80]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/40px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/60px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile">Chile</a> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Entel_(Chile)" title="Entel (Chile)">Entel</a> </td> <td style="background: #FFD; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="partial table-partial">2024 Q3 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/GSM" title="GSM">GSM</a> </td> <td>Local shutdown commenced on 22 Jul 2024 in the Arica and Parinacota Region.<a href="#cite_note-Entel_CL-81">[81]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/60px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombia</a> </td> <td rowspan="2"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Claro_Colombia" title="Claro Colombia">Claro</a> </td> <td>2023-02-23 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/GSM" title="GSM">GSM</a> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-Claro_CO_1-82">[82]</a><a href="#cite_note-Claro_CO_2-83">[83]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Tigo" class="mw-redirect" title="Tigo">Tigo</a> </td> <td>2022-11-01 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/GSM" title="GSM">GSM</a> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-Tigo_CO-84">[84]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Flag_of_Cura%C3%A7ao.svg/40px-Flag_of_Cura%C3%A7ao.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Flag_of_Cura%C3%A7ao.svg/60px-Flag_of_Cura%C3%A7ao.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Cura%C3%A7ao" title="Curaçao">Curaçao</a> </td> <td rowspan="2"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Digicel" title="Digicel">Digicel</a> </td> <td style="background: #FFD; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="partial table-partial">2025-03-31 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/GSM" title="GSM">GSM</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Flow_(brand)" title="Flow (brand)">FLOW</a> </td> <td>2024-02-29 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/GSM" title="GSM">GSM</a> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-FLOW_CW_1-85">[85]</a><a href="#cite_note-FLOW_CW_2-86">[86]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Flag_of_Dominica.svg/23px-Flag_of_Dominica.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Flag_of_Dominica.svg/35px-Flag_of_Dominica.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Flag_of_Dominica.svg/46px-Flag_of_Dominica.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Dominica" title="Dominica">Dominica</a> </td> <td rowspan="2">partially unconfirmed </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Digicel" title="Digicel">Digicel</a> </td> <td style="background: #FFD; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="partial table-partial">2027-03-31 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/GSM" title="GSM">GSM</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Flow_(brand)" title="Flow (brand)">FLOW</a> </td> <td style="background: #FFD; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="partial table-partial">2024-03-?? </td> <td><a href="/wiki/GSM" title="GSM">GSM</a> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-FLOW_DM-87">[87]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/40px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/60px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> </td> <td rowspan="3"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bouygues_Telecom" title="Bouygues Telecom">Bouygues</a> </td> <td style="background: #FFD; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="partial table-partial">2026-12-31 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/GSM" title="GSM">GSM</a> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-BYG_FR-88">[88]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Orange_S.A." class="mw-redirect" title="Orange S.A.">Orange</a> </td> <td style="background: #FFD; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="partial table-partial">2026-09 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/GSM" title="GSM">GSM</a> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-2G_Shutdown_Europe-55">[55]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/SFR" title="SFR">SFR</a> </td> <td style="background: #FFD; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="partial table-partial">2026 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/GSM" title="GSM">GSM</a> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-SFR_FR-89">[89]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a> </td> <td rowspan="3"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Telekom" title="Deutsche Telekom">Deutsche Telekom</a> </td> <td style="background: #FFD; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="partial table-partial">2028-06-30 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/GSM" title="GSM">GSM</a> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Vodafone_Germany" title="Vodafone Germany">Vodafone</a> </td> <td style="background: #FFD; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="partial table-partial">2030-12-31 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/GSM" title="GSM">GSM</a> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-91">[91]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Telef%C3%B3nica_Germany" title="Telefónica Germany">Telefónica</a> (<a href="/wiki/O2_(brand)" title="O2 (brand)">O2</a>) </td> <td style="background: #FFD; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="partial table-partial">TBD </td> <td><a href="/wiki/GSM" title="GSM">GSM</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Grenada.svg/23px-Flag_of_Grenada.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Grenada.svg/35px-Flag_of_Grenada.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Grenada.svg/46px-Flag_of_Grenada.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Grenada" title="Grenada">Grenada</a> </td> <td rowspan="2">unconfirmed </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Digicel" title="Digicel">Digicel</a> </td> <td style="background: #FFD; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="partial table-partial">2024-03-31 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/GSM" title="GSM">GSM</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Flow_(brand)" title="Flow (brand)">FLOW</a> </td> <td style="background: #FFD; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="partial table-partial">2024-04-22 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/GSM" title="GSM">GSM</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Flag_of_Guam.svg/40px-Flag_of_Guam.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Flag_of_Guam.svg/60px-Flag_of_Guam.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="738" data-file-height="396" /> <a href="/wiki/Guam" title="Guam">Guam</a> </td> <td>unconfirmed </td> <td><a href="/wiki/GTA_Teleguam" title="GTA Teleguam">GTA Teleguam</a> </td> <td style="background: #FFD; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="partial table-partial">? </td> <td><a href="/wiki/GSM" title="GSM">GSM</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="7"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg/35px-Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg/45px-Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a> </td> <td rowspan="7"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/3_Hong_Kong" title="3 Hong Kong">3</a> </td> <td>2008-11-20 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/CdmaOne" title="CdmaOne">cdmaOne</a> </td> <td>Shut down due to license expiry. Government originally did not allow the license to be renewed due to unpopularity, however the government later reversed the decision and held an auction for CDMA2000 service, which PCCW-HKT won the auction and provided CDMA2000 service immediately after 3's license expiry. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/3_Hong_Kong" title="3 Hong Kong">3</a> </td> <td>2021-09-30 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/GSM" title="GSM">GSM</a> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-3_HK-92">[92]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/China_Mobile_Hong_Kong" class="mw-redirect" title="China Mobile Hong Kong">CMHK</a> </td> <td>active </td> <td><a href="/wiki/GSM" title="GSM">GSM</a> </td> <td>1800 MHz only </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/CSL_Mobile" title="CSL Mobile">CSL</a> </td> <td>2005 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/D-AMPS" class="mw-redirect" title="D-AMPS">D-AMPS</a> </td> <td>Service previously provided by Pacific Link, which subsequently merged into CSL. Shut down due to license expiry. Government did not allow the license to be renewed due to unpopularity. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/CSL_Mobile" title="CSL Mobile">CSL</a> </td> <td>2017-10-31 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/CdmaOne" title="CdmaOne">cdmaOne</a> </td> <td>Service previously provided by PCCW. After acquisition of CSL by HKT, its mobile business PCCW Mobile was merged into CSL. No service for local customers, only served incoming roaming tourists. <a href="/wiki/CDMA2000" title="CDMA2000">CDMA2000</a> 1xRTT, EV-DO Rev. A (3G) service has also terminated.<a href="#cite_note-CSL_CDMA_HK-93">[93]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/CSL_Mobile" title="CSL Mobile">CSL</a> </td> <td>2024-11-08 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/GSM" title="GSM">GSM</a> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-CSL_HK-94">[94]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/SmarTone" title="SmarTone">SmarTone</a> </td> <td>2022-10-14 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/GSM" title="GSM">GSM</a> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-SmarTone_HK-95">[95]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/40px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/60px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1250" data-file-height="900" /> <a href="/wiki/Iceland" title="Iceland">Iceland</a> </td> <td rowspan="3"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nova_(Iceland)" title="Nova (Iceland)">Nova</a> </td> <td>2025-01-28 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/GSM" title="GSM">GSM</a> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-96">[96]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/S%C3%ADminn" title="Síminn">Síminn</a> </td> <td style="background: #FFD; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="partial table-partial">2025 Q4 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/GSM" title="GSM">GSM</a> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-97">[97]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Vodafone_Iceland" title="Vodafone Iceland">Vodafone</a> </td> <td style="background: #FFD; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="partial table-partial">Mid 2025 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/GSM" title="GSM">GSM</a> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-98">[98]</a><a href="#cite_note-99">[99]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/21px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/32px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/41px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a> </td> <td rowspan="2"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hot_Mobile" title="Hot Mobile">Hot Mobile</a> </td> <td>2019-12-31 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/IDEN" title="IDEN">iDEN</a> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-iDEN_IL-100">[100]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td style="background: #FFD; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="partial table-partial">2025 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/GSM" title="GSM">GSM</a> </td> <td>Per government statement.<a href="#cite_note-2G_Shutdown_IL-101">[101]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_Jamaica.svg/40px-Flag_of_Jamaica.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_Jamaica.svg/60px-Flag_of_Jamaica.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Jamaica" title="Jamaica">Jamaica</a> </td> <td rowspan="2">No Service </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Digicel" title="Digicel">Digicel</a> </td> <td>2024-08-31 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/GSM" title="GSM">GSM</a> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-102">[102]</a><a href="#cite_note-FLOW_JM_2-103">[103]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Flow_(brand)" title="Flow (brand)">FLOW</a> </td> <td>2024-04-15 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/GSM" title="GSM">GSM</a> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-FLOW_JM_1-104">[104]</a><a href="#cite_note-FLOW_JM_2-103">[103]</a><a href="#cite_note-FLOW_JM_3-105">[105]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/40px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/60px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a> </td> <td rowspan="3">No Service </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Au_(mobile_phone_company)" title="Au (mobile phone company)">au KDDI</a> </td> <td>2012-07-22 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/CdmaOne" title="CdmaOne">cdmaOne</a> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-KDDI_JP-106">[106]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/NTT_Docomo" title="NTT Docomo">NTT Docomo</a> </td> <td>2012-03-31 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Personal_Digital_Cellular" title="Personal Digital Cellular">PDC</a> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-NTT_JP-107">[107]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/SoftBank_Group" title="SoftBank Group">Softbank</a> </td> <td>2010-03-31 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Personal_Digital_Cellular" title="Personal Digital Cellular">PDC</a> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-Softbank_JP-108">[108]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/40px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/60px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordan</a> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Umniah" title="Umniah">Umniah</a> </td> <td>2021-03-11 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/GSM" title="GSM">GSM</a> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-Umniah_JO-109">[109]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/40px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/60px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="307" /> <a href="/wiki/Luxembourg" title="Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Orange_S.A." class="mw-redirect" title="Orange S.A.">Orange</a> </td> <td style="background: #FFD; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="partial table-partial">2030 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/GSM" title="GSM">GSM</a> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-2G_Shutdown_Europe-55">[55]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Flag_of_Macau.svg/40px-Flag_of_Macau.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Flag_of_Macau.svg/60px-Flag_of_Macau.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Macau" title="Macau">Macau</a> </td> <td rowspan="3">No Service </td> <td><a href="/wiki/CTM_(Macau)" class="mw-redirect" title="CTM (Macau)">CTM</a> </td> <td>2019-08-01 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/GSM" title="GSM">GSM</a> </td> <td>Service for local customers terminated on 4 Jun 2015, but remained for roaming users.<a href="#cite_note-MO_1-110">[110]</a><a href="#cite_note-MO_2-111">[111]</a><a href="#cite_note-MO_3-112">[112]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hutchison_3G#Macau" class="mw-redirect" title="Hutchison 3G">3</a> </td> <td>2019-08-01 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/GSM" title="GSM">GSM</a> </td> <td>Service for local customers terminated on 4 Jun 2015, but remained for roaming users.<a href="#cite_note-MO_1-110">[110]</a><a href="#cite_note-MO_2-111">[111]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/SmarTone" title="SmarTone">SmarTone</a> </td> <td>2019-08-01 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/GSM" title="GSM">GSM</a> </td> <td>Service for local customers terminated on 4 Jun 2015, but remained for roaming users.<a href="#cite_note-MO_1-110">[110]</a><a href="#cite_note-MO_2-111">[111]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/40px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/60px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="980" data-file-height="560" /> <a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a> </td> <td rowspan="2"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/AT%26T_Mexico" title="AT&T Mexico">AT&T</a> </td> <td>2019-09-01 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/GSM" title="GSM">GSM</a> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-AT&T_MX-113">[113]</a> Local shutdown commenced in Q1 2019. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Movistar" title="Movistar">Movistar</a> </td> <td>2021-01-01 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/GSM" title="GSM">GSM</a> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-MS_MX-114">[114]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Montserrat.svg/23px-Flag_of_Montserrat.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Montserrat.svg/35px-Flag_of_Montserrat.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Montserrat.svg/46px-Flag_of_Montserrat.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Montserrat" title="Montserrat">Montserrat</a> </td> <td rowspan="2">unconfirmed </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Digicel" title="Digicel">Digicel</a> </td> <td style="background: #FFD; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="partial table-partial">? </td> <td><a href="/wiki/GSM" title="GSM">GSM</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Flow_(brand)" title="Flow (brand)">FLOW</a> </td> <td style="background: #FFD; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="partial table-partial">2024-04-22 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/GSM" title="GSM">GSM</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a> </td> <td rowspan="2"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/KPN" title="KPN">KPN</a> </td> <td style="background: #FFD; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="partial table-partial">2025-12-01 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/GSM" title="GSM">GSM</a> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-KPN_NL-115">[115]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/T-Mobile_Nederland" class="mw-redirect" title="T-Mobile Nederland">T-Mobile</a> </td> <td>2021-06-01 / 2023-11-15 (IoT) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/GSM" title="GSM">GSM</a> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-116">[116]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Flags_of_New_Caledonia.svg/60px-Flags_of_New_Caledonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="43" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Flags_of_New_Caledonia.svg/120px-Flags_of_New_Caledonia.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1091" data-file-height="308" /> <a href="/wiki/New_Caledonia" title="New Caledonia">New Caledonia</a> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/OPT-NC" class="mw-redirect" title="OPT-NC">OPT-NC</a> </td> <td style="background: #FFD; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="partial table-partial">2025 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/GSM" title="GSM">GSM</a> </td> <td>Shutdown commenced in 2022.<a href="#cite_note-OPT_NC-117">[117]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/40px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/60px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a> </td> <td rowspan="2"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2degrees" title="2degrees">2degrees</a> </td> <td>2018-03-15 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/GSM" title="GSM">GSM</a> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-118">[118]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Spark_New_Zealand" title="Spark New Zealand">Spark</a> </td> <td>2012-07-31 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/CdmaOne" title="CdmaOne">cdmaOne</a> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-Spark_NZ_1-119">[119]</a><a href="#cite_note-Spark_NZ_2-120">[120]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/40px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/60px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="372" /> <a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a> </td> <td rowspan="2"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Telenor" title="Telenor">Telenor</a> </td> <td style="background: #FFD; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="partial table-partial">2027 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/GSM" title="GSM">GSM</a> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-2G_SWO_NO-121">[121]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Telia_Norge" title="Telia Norge">Telia</a> </td> <td style="background: #FFD; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="partial table-partial">2025 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/GSM" title="GSM">GSM</a> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-2G_SWO_NO-121">[121]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Flag_of_Panama.svg/40px-Flag_of_Panama.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Flag_of_Panama.svg/60px-Flag_of_Panama.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Panama" title="Panama">Panama</a> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Digicel" title="Digicel">Digicel</a> </td> <td>2022-06-30 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/GSM" title="GSM">GSM</a> </td> <td>Complete shutdown of operations and market exit.<a href="#cite_note-Digicel_PA_1-122">[122]</a><a href="#cite_note-Digicel_PA_2-123">[123]</a><a href="#cite_note-Digicel_PA_3-124">[124]</a><a href="#cite_note-Digicel_PA_4-125">[125]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/40px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/60px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru">Peru</a> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitel" class="extiw" title="es:Bitel">Bitel</a> </td> <td>N/A </td> <td>(no 2G) </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Orange_Polska" title="Orange Polska">Orange</a> </td> <td style="background: #FFD; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="partial table-partial">2030 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/GSM" title="GSM">GSM</a> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-2G_Shutdown_Europe-55">[55]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/45px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /> <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Orange_Romania" title="Orange Romania">Orange</a> </td> <td style="background: #FFD; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="partial table-partial">2030 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/GSM" title="GSM">GSM</a> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-2G_Shutdown_Europe-55">[55]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis.svg/23px-Flag_of_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis.svg/35px-Flag_of_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis.svg/45px-Flag_of_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis" title="Saint Kitts and Nevis">Saint Kitts and Nevis</a> </td> <td rowspan="2"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Digicel" title="Digicel">Digicel</a> </td> <td style="background: #FFD; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="partial table-partial">2027-03-31 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/GSM" title="GSM">GSM</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Flow_(brand)" title="Flow (brand)">FLOW</a> </td> <td>2024-04-22 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/GSM" title="GSM">GSM</a> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-FLOW_KN-126">[126]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Saint_Lucia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Saint_Lucia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Saint_Lucia.svg/60px-Flag_of_Saint_Lucia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Saint_Lucia" title="Saint Lucia">Saint Lucia</a> </td> <td rowspan="2">partially unconfirmed </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Digicel" title="Digicel">Digicel</a> </td> <td style="background: #FFD; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="partial table-partial">2027-03-31 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/GSM" title="GSM">GSM</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Flow_(brand)" title="Flow (brand)">FLOW</a> </td> <td style="background: #FFD; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="partial table-partial">2024-04-22 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/GSM" title="GSM">GSM</a> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-FLOW_LC-127">[127]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Flag_of_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines.svg/40px-Flag_of_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Flag_of_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines.svg/60px-Flag_of_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines" title="Saint Vincent and the Grenadines">Saint Vincent and the Grenadines</a> </td> <td rowspan="2"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Digicel" title="Digicel">Digicel</a> </td> <td style="background: #FFD; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="partial table-partial">2027-03-31 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/GSM" title="GSM">GSM</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Flow_(brand)" title="Flow (brand)">FLOW</a> </td> <td>2023-09-30 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/GSM" title="GSM">GSM</a> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-FLOW_VC_1-128">[128]</a><a href="#cite_note-FLOW_VC_2-129">[129]</a><a href="#cite_note-FLOW_VC_3-130">[130]</a><a href="#cite_note-FLOW_VC_4-131">[131]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/23px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/35px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/45px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a> </td> <td rowspan="3">No Service </td> <td><a href="/wiki/M1_Limited" class="mw-redirect" title="M1 Limited">M1</a> </td> <td>2017-04-18 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/GSM" title="GSM">GSM</a> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-2G_Shutdown_SG-132">[132]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Singtel" title="Singtel">Singtel</a> </td> <td>2017-04-18 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/GSM" title="GSM">GSM</a> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-2G_Shutdown_SG-132">[132]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/StarHub" title="StarHub">StarHub</a> </td> <td>2017-04-18 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/GSM" title="GSM">GSM</a> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-2G_Shutdown_SG-132">[132]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Sint_Maarten.svg/40px-Flag_of_Sint_Maarten.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Sint_Maarten.svg/60px-Flag_of_Sint_Maarten.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="675" data-file-height="450" /> <a href="/wiki/Sint_Maarten" title="Sint Maarten">Sint Maarten</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Flag_of_Saba.svg/40px-Flag_of_Saba.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Flag_of_Saba.svg/60px-Flag_of_Saba.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Saba_(island)" title="Saba (island)">Saba</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Sint_Eustatius.svg/40px-Flag_of_Sint_Eustatius.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Sint_Eustatius.svg/60px-Flag_of_Sint_Eustatius.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Sint_Eustatius" title="Sint Eustatius">Sint Eustatius</a> </td> <td rowspan="2">No Service </td> <td>TelCell </td> <td>2019-01-01 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/GSM" title="GSM">GSM</a> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-TelCell_SX-133">[133]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Flow_(brand)" title="Flow (brand)">FLOW</a> (UTS) </td> <td>2017-09-26 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/GSM" title="GSM">GSM</a> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-UTS_SX-134">[134]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia">Slovakia</a> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Orange_Slovensko" title="Orange Slovensko">Orange</a> </td> <td style="background: #FFD; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="partial table-partial">2030 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/GSM" title="GSM">GSM</a> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-2G_Shutdown_Europe-55">[55]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/40px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/60px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td style="background: #FFD; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="partial table-partial">TBD </td> <td><a href="/wiki/GSM" title="GSM">GSM</a> </td> <td>Per government statement.<a href="#cite_note-2G_Shutdown_SA-135">[135]</a><a href="#cite_note-2G_3G_Shutdown_SA_2-136">[136]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/40px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/60px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">South Korea</a> </td> <td rowspan="3">No Service </td> <td><a href="/wiki/KT_Corporation" title="KT Corporation">KT</a> </td> <td>2012-03-19 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/CdmaOne" title="CdmaOne">cdmaOne</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/CDMA2000" title="CDMA2000">CDMA2000</a> 1xRTT, EV-DO Rel. 0 (3G) service has also terminated.<a href="#cite_note-KT_SK-137">[137]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/LG_Uplus" title="LG Uplus">LG Uplus</a> </td> <td>2021-06-30 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/CdmaOne" title="CdmaOne">cdmaOne</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/CDMA2000" title="CDMA2000">CDMA2000</a> 1xRTT, EV-DO Rev. A/B (3G) service has also terminated.<a href="#cite_note-LGU+_SK-138">[138]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/SK_Telecom" title="SK Telecom">SK Telecom</a> </td> <td>2020-07-27 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/CdmaOne" title="CdmaOne">cdmaOne</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/CDMA2000" title="CDMA2000">CDMA2000</a> 1xRTT, EV-DO Rel. 0 (3G) service has also terminated.<a href="#cite_note-SKT_JP-139">[139]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/40px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/60px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Orange_Espa%C3%B1a" title="Orange España">Orange</a> </td> <td style="background: #FFD; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="partial table-partial">2030 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/GSM" title="GSM">GSM</a> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-2G_Shutdown_Europe-55">[55]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/40px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/60px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /> <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a> </td> <td rowspan="2"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Net4Mobility" title="Net4Mobility">Net4Mobility</a> (<a href="/wiki/Telenor_Sverige" title="Telenor Sverige">Telenor</a>/<a href="/wiki/Tele2" title="Tele2">Tele2</a>) </td> <td style="background: #FFD; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="partial table-partial">2025-12-31 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/GSM" title="GSM">GSM</a> </td> <td>2G network will be shut down by the end of 2025.<a href="#cite_note-140">[140]</a><a href="#cite_note-141">[141]</a><a href="#cite_note-142">[142]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Telia_Company" title="Telia Company">Telia</a> </td> <td style="background: #FFD; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="partial table-partial">2027 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/GSM" title="GSM">GSM</a> </td> <td>Shutdown pushed back from 2025 to 2027.<a href="#cite_note-143">[143]</a><a href="#cite_note-144">[144]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/16px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/24px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/32px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" />  <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a> </td> <td rowspan="3">No Service </td> <td><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salt_Mobile" class="extiw" title="de:Salt Mobile">Salt</a> </td> <td>2020-12-31 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/GSM" title="GSM">GSM</a> </td> <td>Shutdown commenced on 1 Jul 2020. A few single 2G-only sites remained until Sep 2023 to preserve CSFB functionality.<a href="#cite_note-Salt_CH_1-145">[145]</a><a href="#cite_note-Salt_CH_2-146">[146]</a><a href="#cite_note-Salt_CH_3-147">[147]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sunrise_Communications_AG" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunrise Communications AG">Sunrise</a> </td> <td>2023-01-03 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/GSM" title="GSM">GSM</a> </td> <td>With the introduction of <a href="/wiki/Huawei_SingleRAN" title="Huawei SingleRAN">S-RAN</a> in 2018 phaseout was previously postponed to 2022.<a href="#cite_note-Sunrise_CH_1-148">[148]</a><a href="#cite_note-Sunrise_CH_02-149">[149]</a><a href="#cite_note-Sunrise_CH_3-150">[150]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Swisscom" title="Swisscom">Swisscom</a> </td> <td>2021-04-07 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/GSM" title="GSM">GSM</a> </td> <td>Official shutdown on 31 Dec 2020 (guaranteed availability).<a href="#cite_note-SC_CH_01-151">[151]</a><a href="#cite_note-SC_CH_02-152">[152]</a><a href="#cite_note-SC_CH_03-153">[153]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/60px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a> </td> <td rowspan="3">No Service </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chunghwa_Telecom" title="Chunghwa Telecom">Chunghwa Telecom</a> </td> <td>2017-06-30 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/GSM" title="GSM">GSM</a> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-TW-154">[154]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/FarEasTone" class="mw-redirect" title="FarEasTone">FarEasTone</a> </td> <td>2017-06-30 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/GSM" title="GSM">GSM</a> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-TW-154">[154]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Taiwan_Mobile" title="Taiwan Mobile">Taiwan Mobile</a> </td> <td>2017-06-30 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/GSM" title="GSM">GSM</a> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-TW-154">[154]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago.svg/40px-Flag_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago.svg/60px-Flag_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="480" /> <a href="/wiki/Trinidad_and_Tobago" title="Trinidad and Tobago">Trinidad and Tobago</a> </td> <td rowspan="2"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Digicel" title="Digicel">Digicel</a> </td> <td style="background: #FFD; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="partial table-partial">2024-12-31 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/GSM" title="GSM">GSM</a> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-Digicel_TT_1-155">[155]</a><a href="#cite_note-Digicel_TT_2-156">[156]</a><a href="#cite_note-Digicel_TT_3-157">[157]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bmobile" title="Bmobile">bmobile</a> (TSTT) </td> <td style="background: #FFD; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="partial table-partial">TBD </td> <td><a href="/wiki/GSM" title="GSM">GSM</a> </td> <td>850 MHz: 2.5 MHz GSM + 5 MHz UMTS <a href="#cite_note-SM_Frequencies_TT-158">[158]</a><a href="#cite_note-bmobile_TT-159">[159]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Flag_of_the_Turks_and_Caicos_Islands.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Turks_and_Caicos_Islands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Flag_of_the_Turks_and_Caicos_Islands.svg/60px-Flag_of_the_Turks_and_Caicos_Islands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Turks_and_Caicos_Islands" title="Turks and Caicos Islands">Turks and Caicos Islands</a> </td> <td rowspan="2"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Digicel" title="Digicel">Digicel</a> </td> <td style="background: #FFD; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="partial table-partial">2025-06-30 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/GSM" title="GSM">GSM</a> </td> <td>900 MHz: 9.8 MHz GSM <a href="#cite_note-SM_Frequencies_TC-160">[160]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Flow_(brand)" title="Flow (brand)">FLOW</a> </td> <td>2024-04-22 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/GSM" title="GSM">GSM</a> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-FLOW_TC-161">[161]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/60px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a> </td> <td rowspan="2">No Service </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Du_(company)" title="Du (company)">Du</a> </td> <td>2023-12-31 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/GSM" title="GSM">GSM</a> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-162">[162]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Etisalat" title="Etisalat">Etisalat</a> </td> <td>2023-12-31 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/GSM" title="GSM">GSM</a> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-163">[163]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td style="background: #FFD; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="partial table-partial">2033 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/GSM" title="GSM">GSM</a> </td> <td>Per government statement on confirmation by mobile providers.<a href="#cite_note-2G_Shutdown_UK-164">[164]</a><a href="#cite_note-Ofcom_UK-165">[165]</a><a href="#cite_note-Gov_UK-166">[166]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="12"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/60px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /> <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Flag_of_Puerto_Rico.svg/40px-Flag_of_Puerto_Rico.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Flag_of_Puerto_Rico.svg/60px-Flag_of_Puerto_Rico.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rico" title="Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Flag_of_the_United_States_Virgin_Islands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States_Virgin_Islands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Flag_of_the_United_States_Virgin_Islands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States_Virgin_Islands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Flag_of_the_United_States_Virgin_Islands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_United_States_Virgin_Islands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1275" data-file-height="850" /> <a href="/wiki/United_States_Virgin_Islands" title="United States Virgin Islands">US Virgin Islands</a> </td> <td rowspan="12"> </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/AT%26T_Mobility" title="AT&T Mobility">AT&T</a> </td> <td>2008-02-18 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/D-AMPS" class="mw-redirect" title="D-AMPS">D-AMPS</a> </td> <td>TDMA (D-AMPS) on 1900 MHz shut down on 15 July 2007.<a href="#cite_note-AT&T_D-AMPS_US-167">[167]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2017-01-01 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/GSM" title="GSM">GSM</a> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-AT&T_US-168">[168]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Cellcom_(United_States)" title="Cellcom (United States)">Cellcom</a> (US only) </td> <td>2023-12-01 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/CdmaOne" title="CdmaOne">cdmaOne</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/CDMA2000" title="CDMA2000">CDMA2000</a> 1xRTT, EV-DO Rev. A (3G) service has also terminated.<a href="#cite_note-Cellcom_US-169">[169]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Claro_Puerto_Rico" title="Claro Puerto Rico">Claro</a> (PR only) </td> <td style="background: #FFD; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="partial table-partial">2028-12-31 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/GSM" title="GSM">GSM</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Commnet_Wireless" title="Commnet Wireless">Commnet Wireless</a> (Choice) (US only) </td> <td>2022-12-31 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/CdmaOne" title="CdmaOne">cdmaOne</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/CDMA2000" title="CDMA2000">CDMA2000</a> 1xRTT, EV-DO Rev. A (3G) service has also terminated.<a href="#cite_note-170">[170]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Copper Valley Wireless </td> <td>2022-09-30 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/CdmaOne" title="CdmaOne">cdmaOne</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/CDMA2000" title="CDMA2000">CDMA2000</a> 1xRTT, EV-DO Rev. A (3G) service has also terminated.<a href="#cite_note-171">[171]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Edge_Wireless" title="Edge Wireless">Edge Wireless</a> </td> <td>2007-06-30 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/D-AMPS" class="mw-redirect" title="D-AMPS">D-AMPS</a> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-172">[172]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/T-Mobile_US" title="T-Mobile US">T-Mobile</a> </td> <td style="background: #FFD; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="partial table-partial">2025 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/GSM" title="GSM">GSM</a> </td> <td>Shutdown commenced on 9 Feb 2025.<a href="#cite_note-TMUS_US_1-173">[173]</a><a href="#cite_note-TMUS_US_2-174">[174]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/T-Mobile_US" title="T-Mobile US">T-Mobile</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sprint_Corporation" title="Sprint Corporation">Sprint</a>) </td> <td>2022-05-31 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/CdmaOne" title="CdmaOne">cdmaOne</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/CDMA2000" title="CDMA2000">CDMA2000</a> 1xRTT, EV-DO Rev. A (3G) service has also terminated. Shutdown commenced on 31 Mar 2022.<a href="#cite_note-TM_CDMA_Shutdown_US_1-175">[175]</a><a href="#cite_note-TM_Shutdown_Timeline_2G_3G_US-176">[176]</a><a href="#cite_note-TM_CDMA_Shutdown_US_2-177">[177]</a><a href="#cite_note-TM_CDMA_Shutdown_US_3-178">[178]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/UScellular" class="mw-redirect" title="UScellular">UScellular</a> (US only) </td> <td>2009-02 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/D-AMPS" class="mw-redirect" title="D-AMPS">D-AMPS</a> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-USC_DAMPS_US-179">[179]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/UScellular" class="mw-redirect" title="UScellular">UScellular</a> (US only) </td> <td>2024-01-14 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/CdmaOne" title="CdmaOne">cdmaOne</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/CDMA2000" title="CDMA2000">CDMA2000</a> 1xRTT, EV-DO Rev. A (3G) service has also terminated.<a href="#cite_note-USC_US_1-180">[180]</a><a href="#cite_note-USC_US_2-181">[181]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Verizon_Wireless" class="mw-redirect" title="Verizon Wireless">Verizon</a> (US only) </td> <td>2022-12-31 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/CdmaOne" title="CdmaOne">cdmaOne</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/CDMA2000" title="CDMA2000">CDMA2000</a> 1xRTT, EV-DO Rev. A (3G) service has also terminated.<a href="#cite_note-Verizon_US-182">[182]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Venezuela.svg/40px-Flag_of_Venezuela.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Venezuela.svg/60px-Flag_of_Venezuela.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Venezuela" title="Venezuela">Venezuela</a> </td> <td rowspan="3"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Digitel_GSM" title="Digitel GSM">Digitel</a> </td> <td>2024-03-08 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/GSM" title="GSM">GSM</a> </td> <td>Shutdown commenced in May 2021, completed by 08 Mar 2024.<a href="#cite_note-2G_Shutdown_VE-183">[183]</a><a href="#cite_note-184">[184]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Movilnet" class="mw-redirect" title="Movilnet">Movilnet</a> </td> <td style="background: #FFD; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="partial table-partial">2025 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/GSM" title="GSM">GSM</a> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-2G_Shutdown_VE-183">[183]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Movistar" title="Movistar">Movistar</a> </td> <td style="background: #FFD; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="partial table-partial">2025 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/GSM" title="GSM">GSM</a> </td> <td>Shutdown commenced on 01 Jul 2022.<a href="#cite_note-2G_Shutdown_VE-183">[183]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="5"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/40px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/60px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a> </td> <td rowspan="5">No Service </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gmobile" title="Gmobile">Gmobile</a> </td> <td>2024-10-16 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/GSM" title="GSM">GSM</a> </td> <td>per government regulation<a href="#cite_note-2G_Shutdown_VN-185">[185]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mobifone" class="mw-redirect" title="Mobifone">Mobifone</a> </td> <td>2024-10-16 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/GSM" title="GSM">GSM</a> </td> <td>per government regulation<a href="#cite_note-2G_Shutdown_VN-185">[185]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Vietnamobile" title="Vietnamobile">Vietnamobile</a> </td> <td>N/A </td> <td>(no 2G) </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Viettel" title="Viettel">Viettel</a> </td> <td>2024-10-16 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/GSM" title="GSM">GSM</a> </td> <td>per government regulation<a href="#cite_note-2G_Shutdown_VN-185">[185]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Vinaphone" title="Vinaphone">Vinaphone</a> </td> <td>2024-10-16 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/GSM" title="GSM">GSM</a> </td> <td>per government regulation<a href="#cite_note-2G_Shutdown_VN-185">[185]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2G&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cliff_effect" title="Cliff effect">Cliff effect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dropout_(communications)" title="Dropout (communications)">Dropout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mobile_phone_generations" class="mw-redirect" title="List of mobile phone generations">List of mobile phone generations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_radio_telephone" title="Mobile radio telephone">Mobile radio telephone</a>, also known as 0G</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1G" title="1G">1G</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3G" title="3G">3G</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4G" title="4G">4G</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5G" title="5G">5G</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/6G" title="6G">6G</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wireless_device_radiation_and_health" title="Wireless device radiation and health">Wireless device radiation and health</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2G&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://about.att.com/innovationblog/2g_sunset">"2G Sunset Brings Faster Speeds, Newer Technologies"</a>. 16 January 2017. Retrieved 27 January 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2G+Sunset+Brings+Faster+Speeds%2C+Newer+Technologies&rft.date=2017-01-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fabout.att.com%2Finnovationblog%2F2g_sunset&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2G" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:27-2"><a href="#cite_ref-:27_2-0">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1041539562">.mw-parser-output .citation{word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}</style><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://patents.google.com/patent/US5257397A/en">US5257397A</a>, Barzegar, Farhad; Eryaman, Can A. & Russell, Jesse E. et al., "Mobile data telephone", issued 1993-10-26 (filed 1990-08-13)<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Apatent&rft.number=US5257397A&rft.cc=&rft.title=Mobile+data+telephone&rft.inventor=Barzegar&rft.date=1993-10-26 (filed 1990-08-13)&rft.appldate=1990-08-13&rft.prioritydate=1990-08-13">  </li> <li id="cite_note-Radiolinja's_History-3"><a href="#cite_ref-Radiolinja's_History_3-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061023212724/http://www.elisa.com/english/index.cfm?t=6">"Radiolinja's History"</a>. 20 April 2004. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.elisa.com/english/index.cfm?t=6&o=6532.50">the original</a> on 23 October 2006. Retrieved 23 December 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Radiolinja%27s+History&rft.date=2004-04-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.elisa.com%2Fenglish%2Findex.cfm%3Ft%3D6%26o%3D6532.50&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2G" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tek.com/en/documents/technical-brief/cdma-network-technology-decade-advances-and-challenges">"CDMA Network Technology: A Decade Of Advances And Challenges"</a>. www.tek.com. Retrieved 26 February 2025.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.tek.com&rft.atitle=CDMA+Network+Technology%3A+A+Decade+Of+Advances+And+Challenges&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tek.com%2Fen%2Fdocuments%2Ftechnical-brief%2Fcdma-network-technology-decade-advances-and-challenges&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2G" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oreilly.com/library/view/cellular-technologies-for/9780470975671/OEBPS/9780470975671_epub_ch_4.htm">"4: CDMA - Cellular Technologies for Emerging Markets: 2G, 3G and Beyond [Book]"</a>. www.oreilly.com. Retrieved 26 February 2025.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.oreilly.com&rft.atitle=4%3A+CDMA+-+Cellular+Technologies+for+Emerging+Markets%3A+2G%2C+3G+and+Beyond+%5BBook%5D&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oreilly.com%2Flibrary%2Fview%2Fcellular-technologies-for%2F9780470975671%2FOEBPS%2F9780470975671_epub_ch_4.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2G" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.igi-global.com/dictionary/security-mobile-systems/26010">"What is Second and a Half Generation (2.5G)"</a>. IGI Global. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191006162125/https://www.igi-global.com/dictionary/security-mobile-systems/26010">Archived</a> from the original on 6 October 2019. Retrieved 6 October 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=IGI+Global&rft.atitle=What+is+Second+and+a+Half+Generation+%282.5G%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.igi-global.com%2Fdictionary%2Fsecurity-mobile-systems%2F26010&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2G" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-7">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_7-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_7-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.3gpp.org/technologies/keywords-acronyms/102-gprs-edge">"GPRS & EDGE"</a>. 3gpp.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200417193611/https://www.3gpp.org/technologies/keywords-acronyms/102-gprs-edge">Archived</a> from the original on 17 April 2020. Retrieved 17 August 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=3gpp.org&rft.atitle=GPRS+%26+EDGE&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.3gpp.org%2Ftechnologies%2Fkeywords-acronyms%2F102-gprs-edge&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2G" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.opensignal.com/blog/2019/06/13/germanys-rural-4g-users-still-spend-one-fourth-of-their-time-on-3g-and-2g-networks">"Germany's rural 4G users still spend one-fourth of their time on 3G and 2G networks"</a>. Opensignal. 13 June 2019. Retrieved 6 October 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Opensignal&rft.atitle=Germany%27s+rural+4G+users+still+spend+one-fourth+of+their+time+on+3G+and+2G+networks&rft.date=2019-06-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.opensignal.com%2Fblog%2F2019%2F06%2F13%2Fgermanys-rural-4g-users-still-spend-one-fourth-of-their-time-on-3g-and-2g-networks&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2G" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegeography.com/products/commsupdate/articles/2019/06/17/t-mobile-poland-expects-to-keep-2g-for-five-to-six-years/index.html">"T-Mobile Poland expects to keep 2G for five-to-six years"</a>. TeleGeography. 17 July 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191006162125/https://www.telegeography.com/products/commsupdate/articles/2019/06/17/t-mobile-poland-expects-to-keep-2g-for-five-to-six-years/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on 6 October 2019. Retrieved 6 October 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=T-Mobile+Poland+expects+to+keep+2G+for+five-to-six+years&rft.pub=TeleGeography&rft.date=2019-07-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegeography.com%2Fproducts%2Fcommsupdate%2Farticles%2F2019%2F06%2F17%2Ft-mobile-poland-expects-to-keep-2g-for-five-to-six-years%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2G" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200406193609/https://www.swisscom.ch/en/about/company/portrait/network/2g-phase-out.html">"2G phase-out – modernisation of the Swisscom mobile network"</a>. Swisscom. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.swisscom.ch/en/about/company/portrait/network/2g-phase-out.html">the original</a> on 6 April 2020. Retrieved 6 October 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2G+phase-out+%E2%80%93+modernisation+of+the+Swisscom+mobile+network&rft.pub=Swisscom&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.swisscom.ch%2Fen%2Fabout%2Fcompany%2Fportrait%2Fnetwork%2F2g-phase-out.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2G" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.csl-group.com/uk/news/sunset-on-2g3g-mobile-networks-not-exactly.html">"SUNSET ON 2G/3G MOBILE NETWORKS? NOT EXACTLY..."</a> CSL Group. Retrieved 16 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=SUNSET+ON+2G%2F3G+MOBILE+NETWORKS%3F+NOT+EXACTLY...&rft.pub=CSL+Group&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.csl-group.com%2Fuk%2Fnews%2Fsunset-on-2g3g-mobile-networks-not-exactly.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2G" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHall" class="citation news cs1">Hall, Kat. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theregister.com/2019/10/18/dont_switch_off_2g_report/">"Sod 3G, that can go, but don't rush to turn off 2G, UK still needs it – report"</a>. The Register. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200926151011/https://www.theregister.com/2019/10/18/dont_switch_off_2g_report/">Archived</a> from the original on 26 September 2020. Retrieved 16 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Sod+3G%2C+that+can+go%2C+but+don%27t+rush+to+turn+off+2G%2C+UK+still+needs+it+%E2%80%93+report&rft.aulast=Hall&rft.aufirst=Kat&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theregister.com%2F2019%2F10%2F18%2Fdont_switch_off_2g_report%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2G" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-TM_2G-13"><a href="#cite_ref-TM_2G_13-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.t-mobile.com/support/coverage/t-mobile-network-evolution">"T-Mobile Network Evolution"</a>. T-Mobile US. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211021002204/https://www.t-mobile.com/support/coverage/t-mobile-network-evolution">Archived</a> from the original on 21 October 2021. Retrieved 19 June 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=T-Mobile+Network+Evolution&rft.pub=T-Mobile+US&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.t-mobile.com%2Fsupport%2Fcoverage%2Ft-mobile-network-evolution&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2G" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-TM_3G_Shutdown_US-14"><a href="#cite_ref-TM_3G_Shutdown_US_14-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.commsupdate.com/articles/2021/09/17/t-mobile-us-to-shut-down-3g-network-on-1-july-2022/">"T-Mobile US to shut down 3G network on 1 July 2022"</a>. TeleGeography. 17 September 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220414193658/https://www.commsupdate.com/articles/2021/09/17/t-mobile-us-to-shut-down-3g-network-on-1-july-2022/">Archived</a> from the original on 14 April 2022. Retrieved 18 September 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=T-Mobile+US+to+shut+down+3G+network+on+1+July+2022&rft.pub=TeleGeography&rft.date=2021-09-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.commsupdate.com%2Farticles%2F2021%2F09%2F17%2Ft-mobile-us-to-shut-down-3g-network-on-1-july-2022%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2G" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSerr2017" class="citation web cs1">Serr, Melanie (5 April 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.geotab.com/blog/2g-network-shutdown/">"What You Need To Know About the 2G Network Shutdown"</a>. Geotab Blog. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191006162515/https://www.geotab.com/blog/2g-network-shutdown/">Archived</a> from the original on 6 October 2019. Retrieved 6 October 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Geotab+Blog&rft.atitle=What+You+Need+To+Know+About+the+2G+Network+Shutdown&rft.date=2017-04-05&rft.aulast=Serr&rft.aufirst=Melanie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.geotab.com%2Fblog%2F2g-network-shutdown%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2G" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nae.global/en/the-status-of-the-2g-3g-network-sunset/">"The status of the 2G/3G network sunset"</a>. nae_ global. 31 July 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191211030308/https://nae.global/en/the-status-of-the-2g-3g-network-sunset/">Archived</a> from the original on 11 December 2019. Retrieved 11 December 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+status+of+the+2G%2F3G+network+sunset&rft.pub=nae_+global&rft.date=2019-07-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnae.global%2Fen%2Fthe-status-of-the-2g-3g-network-sunset%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2G" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCooper_Quintin_and_Andrés_Arrieta2020" class="citation web cs1">Cooper Quintin and Andrés Arrieta (29 June 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2020/06/your-phone-vulnerable-because-2g-it-doesnt-have-be">"Your Phone Is Vulnerable Because of 2G, But it Doesn't Have to Be"</a>. Electronic Frontier Foundation. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240416183448/https://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2020/06/your-phone-vulnerable-because-2g-it-doesnt-have-be">Archived</a> from the original on 16 April 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Your+Phone+Is+Vulnerable+Because+of+2G%2C+But+it+Doesn%27t+Have+to+Be&rft.pub=Electronic+Frontier+Foundation&rft.date=2020-06-29&rft.au=Cooper+Quintin+and+Andr%C3%A9s+Arrieta&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.eff.org%2Fdeeplinks%2F2020%2F06%2Fyour-phone-vulnerable-because-2g-it-doesnt-have-be&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2G" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gsmarena.com/the_gsm_encryption_algorithm_was_broken-news-1347.php">"The GSM encryption algorithm was broken"</a>. GSMArena. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230505050751/https://www.gsmarena.com/the_gsm_encryption_algorithm_was_broken-news-1347.php">Archived</a> from the original on 5 May 2023. Retrieved 16 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+GSM+encryption+algorithm+was+broken&rft.pub=GSMArena&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gsmarena.com%2Fthe_gsm_encryption_algorithm_was_broken-news-1347.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2G" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRusson2014" class="citation web cs1">Russon, Mary-Ann (27 March 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ibtimes.co.uk/china-arrests-1500-people-sending-spam-text-messages-fake-mobile-base-stations-1442099">"China Arrests 1,500 People for Sending Spam Text Messages from Fake Mobile Base Stations"</a>. International Business Times UK. Retrieved 16 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=China+Arrests+1%2C500+People+for+Sending+Spam+Text+Messages+from+Fake+Mobile+Base+Stations&rft.pub=International+Business+Times+UK&rft.date=2014-03-27&rft.aulast=Russon&rft.aufirst=Mary-Ann&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ibtimes.co.uk%2Fchina-arrests-1500-people-sending-spam-text-messages-fake-mobile-base-stations-1442099&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2G" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFZhangLiuGuWang2019" class="citation journal cs1">Zhang, Chi; Liu, Jun-Rong; Gu, Da-Wu; Wang, Wei-Jia; Lu, Xiang-Jun; Guo, Zheng; Lu, Hai-Ning (1 September 2019). "Side-Channel Analysis for the Authentication Protocols of CDMA Cellular Networks". Journal of Computer Science and Technology. 34 (5): 1079–1095. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs11390-019-1961-5">10.1007/s11390-019-1961-5</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:203640029">203640029</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Computer+Science+and+Technology&rft.atitle=Side-Channel+Analysis+for+the+Authentication+Protocols+of+CDMA+Cellular+Networks&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1079-%3C%2Fspan%3E1095&rft.date=2019-09-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs11390-019-1961-5&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A203640029%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Zhang&rft.aufirst=Chi&rft.au=Liu%2C+Jun-Rong&rft.au=Gu%2C+Da-Wu&rft.au=Wang%2C+Wei-Jia&rft.au=Lu%2C+Xiang-Jun&rft.au=Guo%2C+Zheng&rft.au=Lu%2C+Hai-Ning&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2G" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAmadeo2022" class="citation web cs1">Amadeo, Ron (14 January 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2022/01/eff-praises-androids-new-2g-kill-switch-wants-apple-to-follow-suit/">"EFF praises Android's new 2G kill switch, wants Apple to follow suit"</a>. Ars Technica. Retrieved 14 January 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=EFF+praises+Android%27s+new+2G+kill+switch%2C+wants+Apple+to+follow+suit&rft.pub=Ars+Technica&rft.date=2022-01-14&rft.aulast=Amadeo&rft.aufirst=Ron&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farstechnica.com%2Fgadgets%2F2022%2F01%2Feff-praises-androids-new-2g-kill-switch-wants-apple-to-follow-suit%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2G" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://support.apple.com/en-us/105120">"About Lockdown Mode"</a>. Apple. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240620022230/https://support.apple.com/en-us/105120">Archived</a> from the original on 20 June 2024. Retrieved 28 June 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=About+Lockdown+Mode&rft.pub=Apple&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsupport.apple.com%2Fen-us%2F105120&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2G" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/ukgwa/20210104120707mp_/https://www.ofcom.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0027/196632/uk-2g-infrastructure-shutdown.pdf">"Freedom of Information: Right to know request"</a> (PDF). Ofcom. 3 June 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231228154740/https://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/ukgwa/20210104120707mp_/https://www.ofcom.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0027/196632/uk-2g-infrastructure-shutdown.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 28 December 2023. Retrieved 28 December 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Freedom+of+Information%3A+Right+to+know+request&rft.pub=Ofcom&rft.date=2020-06-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwebarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk%2Fukgwa%2F20210104120707mp_%2Fhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.ofcom.org.uk%2F__data%2Fassets%2Fpdf_file%2F0027%2F196632%2Fuk-2g-infrastructure-shutdown.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2G" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRockman" class="citation web cs1">Rockman, Simon. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/simonrockman1/2019/08/01/millions-will-lose-out-when-government-kills-2g/">"Millions Will Lose Out When Government Kills 2G"</a>. Forbes. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201130234529/https://www.forbes.com/sites/simonrockman1/2019/08/01/millions-will-lose-out-when-government-kills-2g/">Archived</a> from the original on 30 November 2020. Retrieved 16 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Forbes&rft.atitle=Millions+Will+Lose+Out+When+Government+Kills+2G&rft.aulast=Rockman&rft.aufirst=Simon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.forbes.com%2Fsites%2Fsimonrockman1%2F2019%2F08%2F01%2Fmillions-will-lose-out-when-government-kills-2g%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2G" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.alcom.ax/privat/kundservice/info/fragor-och-svar-faq/2g">"Frågor och svar (FAQ). 2G"</a> (in Swedish). Ålcom. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230712082632/https://www.alcom.ax/privat/kundservice/info/fragor-och-svar-faq/2g">Archived</a> from the original on 12 July 2023. Retrieved 12 July 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Fr%C3%A5gor+och+svar+%28FAQ%29.+2G&rft.pub=%C3%85lcom&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.alcom.ax%2Fprivat%2Fkundservice%2Finfo%2Ffragor-och-svar-faq%2F2g&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2G" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pucanguilla.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/Digicel-Licence-5Nov2014.pdf">"License and Frequency Authorisations - Digicel"</a> (PDF). Public Utilities Commission Anguilla. 5 November 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240616142046/https://pucanguilla.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/Digicel-Licence-5Nov2014.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 16 June 2024. Retrieved 8 September 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=License+and+Frequency+Authorisations+-+Digicel&rft.pub=Public+Utilities+Commission+Anguilla&rft.date=2014-11-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpucanguilla.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2017%2F07%2FDigicel-Licence-5Nov2014.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2G" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pucanguilla.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/Annual-Report-2016-Final-Combined.pdf">"Annual Report 2016"</a> (PDF). Public Utilities Commission Anguilla. 24 August 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240623180814/https://pucanguilla.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/Annual-Report-2016-Final-Combined.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 23 June 2024. Retrieved 8 September 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Annual+Report+2016&rft.pub=Public+Utilities+Commission+Anguilla&rft.date=2017-08-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpucanguilla.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2018%2F02%2FAnnual-Report-2016-Final-Combined.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2G" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gov.ai/document/hoa/boardaccounts/Public%20Utilities%20Commission%20Annual%20Report%202017.pdf">"Annual Report 2017"</a> (PDF). Public Utilities Commission Anguilla. 22 October 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240914134851/https://www.gov.ai/document/hoa/boardaccounts/Public%20Utilities%20Commission%20Annual%20Report%202017.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 14 September 2024. Retrieved 14 September 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Annual+Report+2017&rft.pub=Public+Utilities+Commission+Anguilla&rft.date=2018-10-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gov.ai%2Fdocument%2Fhoa%2Fboardaccounts%2FPublic%2520Utilities%2520Commission%2520Annual%2520Report%25202017.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2G" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.anfr.fr/fileadmin/user_upload/Agreement_AIA-F-SXM-HOL_BES.pdf">"Agreement Between The Administrations Of Anguilla, France, Sint Maarten And The State Of Netherlands For Saba And St. Eustatius Concerning The Spectrum Coordination Of Land Mobile Radiocommunication Networks In The Frequency Range 698 MHz to 3800 MHz"</a> (PDF). Agence Nationale Des Frèquences (ANFR). 1 March 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240915125539/https://www.anfr.fr/fileadmin/user_upload/Agreement_AIA-F-SXM-HOL_BES.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 15 September 2024. Retrieved 15 September 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Agreement+Between+The+Administrations+Of+Anguilla%2C+France%2C+Sint+Maarten+And+The+State+Of+Netherlands+For+Saba+And+St.+Eustatius+Concerning+The+Spectrum+Coordination+Of+Land+Mobile+Radiocommunication+Networks+In+The+Frequency+Range+698+MHz+to+3800+MHz&rft.pub=Agence+Nationale+Des+Fr%C3%A8quences+%28ANFR%29&rft.date=2023-03-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.anfr.fr%2Ffileadmin%2Fuser_upload%2FAgreement_AIA-F-SXM-HOL_BES.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2G" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pucanguilla.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/FlowContract-2014.pdf">"License and Frequency Authorisations - Flow"</a> (PDF). Public Utilities Commission Anguilla. 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240615224736/https://pucanguilla.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/FlowContract-2014.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 15 June 2024. Retrieved 8 September 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=License+and+Frequency+Authorisations+-+Flow&rft.pub=Public+Utilities+Commission+Anguilla&rft.date=2014&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpucanguilla.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2017%2F07%2FFlowContract-2014.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2G" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.facebook.com/plugins/post.php?href=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.facebook.com%2FFlowAnguilla%2Fposts%2Fpfbid02tzAgbe4DqSHZNMAskTNGkqMtXhwGSJGWbC3fHqNao3z4h2H9gCk3ez9qZ1eAswzil">"We're saying goodbye to our 2G mobile network"</a>. Flow Anguilla. 17 April 2024. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240910001941/https://www.facebook.com/plugins/post.php?href=https://www.facebook.com/FlowAnguilla/posts/pfbid02tzAgbe4DqSHZNMAskTNGkqMtXhwGSJGWbC3fHqNao3z4h2H9gCk3ez9qZ1eAswzil">Archived</a> from the original on 10 September 2024. Retrieved 10 September 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=We%27re+saying+goodbye+to+our+2G+mobile+network&rft.pub=Flow+Anguilla&rft.date=2024-04-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.facebook.com%2Fplugins%2Fpost.php%3Fhref%3Dhttps%253A%252F%252Fwww.facebook.com%252FFlowAnguilla%252Fposts%252Fpfbid02tzAgbe4DqSHZNMAskTNGkqMtXhwGSJGWbC3fHqNao3z4h2H9gCk3ez9qZ1eAswzil&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2G" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.apua.ag/apua-seeks-portion-of-premium-spectrum/">"APUA Seeks Portion of Premium Spectrum"</a>. Antigua Public Utilities Authority. 13 June 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908202207/http://www.apua.ag/apua-seeks-portion-of-premium-spectrum/">Archived</a> from the original on 8 September 2024. Retrieved 8 September 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=APUA+Seeks+Portion+of+Premium+Spectrum&rft.pub=Antigua+Public+Utilities+Authority&rft.date=2019-06-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.apua.ag%2Fapua-seeks-portion-of-premium-spectrum%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2G" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://caribbean.loopnews.com/content/digicel-antigua-say-good-bye-2g-month">"Digicel Antigua to say good-bye to 2G this month"</a>. Loop Caribbean News by Digicel. 23 May 2024. Retrieved 8 September 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Digicel+Antigua+to+say+good-bye+to+2G+this+month&rft.pub=Loop+Caribbean+News+by+Digicel&rft.date=2024-05-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcaribbean.loopnews.com%2Fcontent%2Fdigicel-antigua-say-good-bye-2g-month&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2G" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://associatestimes.com/flow-to-retire-2g-networks-shutdown-in-phased-manner/">"FLOW to retire 2G networks, shutdown in phased manner"</a>. Associates Times LLC. 7 June 2024. Retrieved 8 September 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=FLOW+to+retire+2G+networks%2C+shutdown+in+phased+manner&rft.pub=Associates+Times+LLC&rft.date=2024-06-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fassociatestimes.com%2Fflow-to-retire-2g-networks-shutdown-in-phased-manner%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2G" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.digicelgroup.com/aw/en/lte-upgrade-notice">"Digicel Network Upgrade"</a>. Digicel Aruba. 12 December 2023. Retrieved 14 September 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Digicel+Network+Upgrade&rft.pub=Digicel+Aruba&rft.date=2023-12-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.digicelgroup.com%2Faw%2Fen%2Flte-upgrade-notice&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2G" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegeography.com/products/commsupdate/articles/2004/01/26/hutchison-to-upgrade-orange-network/">"Hutchison to upgrade Orange network"</a>. TeleGeography. 26 January 2004. Retrieved 23 December 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hutchison+to+upgrade+Orange+network&rft.pub=TeleGeography&rft.date=2004-01-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegeography.com%2Fproducts%2Fcommsupdate%2Farticles%2F2004%2F01%2F26%2Fhutchison-to-upgrade-orange-network%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2G" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegeography.com/products/commsupdate/articles/2004/04/20/telstra-fails-to-prise-orange-from-hutch-as-3g-network-share-talks-fail/">"Telstra fails to prise Orange from Hutch as 3G network share talks fail"</a>. TeleGeography. 20 April 2004. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161223133903/https://www.telegeography.com/products/commsupdate/articles/2004/04/20/telstra-fails-to-prise-orange-from-hutch-as-3g-network-share-talks-fail/">Archived</a> from the original on 23 December 2016. Retrieved 23 December 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Telstra+fails+to+prise+Orange+from+Hutch+as+3G+network+share+talks+fail&rft.pub=TeleGeography&rft.date=2004-04-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegeography.com%2Fproducts%2Fcommsupdate%2Farticles%2F2004%2F04%2F20%2Ftelstra-fails-to-prise-orange-from-hutch-as-3g-network-share-talks-fail%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2G" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegeography.com/products/commsupdate/articles/2006/02/01/hutch-to-push-2g-users-to-3g-and-close-orange-network/">"Hutch to push 2G users to 3G and close Orange network"</a>. TeleGeography. 1 February 2006. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161223133351/https://www.telegeography.com/products/commsupdate/articles/2006/02/01/hutch-to-push-2g-users-to-3g-and-close-orange-network/">Archived</a> from the original on 23 December 2016. Retrieved 23 December 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hutch+to+push+2G+users+to+3G+and+close+Orange+network&rft.pub=TeleGeography&rft.date=2006-02-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegeography.com%2Fproducts%2Fcommsupdate%2Farticles%2F2006%2F02%2F01%2Fhutch-to-push-2g-users-to-3g-and-close-orange-network%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2G" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.telegeography.com/products/commsupdate/articles/2006/05/10/hutch-to-shut-down-cdma-network-in-august/">"Hutch to shut down CDMA network in August"</a>. TeleGeography. 10 May 2006. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161221093023/https://www.telegeography.com/products/commsupdate/articles/2006/05/10/hutch-to-shut-down-cdma-network-in-august/">Archived</a> from the original on 21 December 2016. Retrieved 26 July 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hutch+to+shut+down+CDMA+network+in+August&rft.pub=TeleGeography&rft.date=2006-05-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegeography.com%2Fproducts%2Fcommsupdate%2Farticles%2F2006%2F05%2F10%2Fhutch-to-shut-down-cdma-network-in-august%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2G" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegeography.com/products/commsupdate/articles/2006/08/23/2g-network-closure-increases-hutch-australia-revenues-and-losses/">"2G network closure increases Hutch Australia revenues and losses"</a>. TeleGeography. 23 August 2006. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161223133555/https://www.telegeography.com/products/commsupdate/articles/2006/08/23/2g-network-closure-increases-hutch-australia-revenues-and-losses/">Archived</a> from the original on 23 December 2016. Retrieved 23 December 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2G+network+closure+increases+Hutch+Australia+revenues+and+losses&rft.pub=TeleGeography&rft.date=2006-08-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegeography.com%2Fproducts%2Fcommsupdate%2Farticles%2F2006%2F08%2F23%2F2g-network-closure-increases-hutch-australia-revenues-and-losses%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2G" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Optus_AU-41"><a href="#cite_ref-Optus_AU_41-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.commsupdate.com/articles/2015/08/05/optus-to-shutter-gsm-network-in-april-2017/">"Optus to shutter GSM network in April 2017"</a>. TeleGeography. 5 August 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210119064325/https://www.commsupdate.com/articles/2015/08/05/optus-to-shutter-gsm-network-in-april-2017/">Archived</a> from the original on 19 January 2021. Retrieved 23 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Optus+to+shutter+GSM+network+in+April+2017&rft.pub=TeleGeography&rft.date=2015-08-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.commsupdate.com%2Farticles%2F2015%2F08%2F05%2Foptus-to-shutter-gsm-network-in-april-2017%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2G" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.optus.com.au/shop/support/answer/2g-network-closure-update?requestType=NormalRequest&id=5873&typeId=5/">"2G Network Closure Update"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Optus" title="Optus">Optus</a>. 19 October 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170929044850/http://www.optus.com.au/shop/support/answer/2g-network-closure-update?requestType=NormalRequest&id=5873&typeId=5/">Archived</a> from the original on 29 September 2017. Retrieved 6 July 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2G+Network+Closure+Update&rft.pub=Optus&rft.date=2016-10-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.optus.com.au%2Fshop%2Fsupport%2Fanswer%2F2g-network-closure-update%3FrequestType%3DNormalRequest%26id%3D5873%26typeId%3D5%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2G" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegeography.com/products/commsupdate/articles/2004/04/15/telstra-plans-ev-do-upgrade/">"Telstra plans EV-DO upgrade"</a>. TeleGeography. 15 April 2004. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161223201035/https://www.telegeography.com/products/commsupdate/articles/2004/04/15/telstra-plans-ev-do-upgrade/">Archived</a> from the original on 23 December 2016. Retrieved 23 December 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Telstra+plans+EV-DO+upgrade&rft.pub=TeleGeography&rft.date=2004-04-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegeography.com%2Fproducts%2Fcommsupdate%2Farticles%2F2004%2F04%2F15%2Ftelstra-plans-ev-do-upgrade%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2G" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegeography.com/products/commsupdate/articles/2006/05/02/cdma-is-on-the-way-out-says-telstra/">"'CDMA is on the way out,' says Telstra"</a>. TeleGeography. 2 May 2006. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161223132707/https://www.telegeography.com/products/commsupdate/articles/2006/05/02/cdma-is-on-the-way-out-says-telstra/">Archived</a> from the original on 23 December 2016. Retrieved 23 December 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%27CDMA+is+on+the+way+out%2C%27+says+Telstra&rft.pub=TeleGeography&rft.date=2006-05-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegeography.com%2Fproducts%2Fcommsupdate%2Farticles%2F2006%2F05%2F02%2Fcdma-is-on-the-way-out-says-telstra%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2G" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegeography.com/products/commsupdate/articles/2007/02/06/telstra-to-close-cdma-network-by-jan-2008/">"Telstra to close CDMA network by Jan 2008"</a>. TeleGeography. 6 February 2007. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161223132810/https://www.telegeography.com/products/commsupdate/articles/2007/02/06/telstra-to-close-cdma-network-by-jan-2008/">Archived</a> from the original on 23 December 2016. Retrieved 23 December 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Telstra+to+close+CDMA+network+by+Jan+2008&rft.pub=TeleGeography&rft.date=2007-02-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegeography.com%2Fproducts%2Fcommsupdate%2Farticles%2F2007%2F02%2F06%2Ftelstra-to-close-cdma-network-by-jan-2008%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2G" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.zdnet.com/article/telstras-cdma-shutdown-no-gain-without-pain/">"Telstra's CDMA shutdown: No gain without pain?"</a>. ZDNet. 24 April 2008. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240829211435/https://www.zdnet.com/article/telstras-cdma-shutdown-no-gain-without-pain/">Archived</a> from the original on 29 August 2024. Retrieved 23 December 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Telstra%27s+CDMA+shutdown%3A+No+gain+without+pain%3F&rft.pub=ZDNet&rft.date=2008-04-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.zdnet.com%2Farticle%2Ftelstras-cdma-shutdown-no-gain-without-pain%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2G" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegeography.com/products/commsupdate/articles/2008/01/22/cdma-shut-down-delayed-til-april/">"CDMA shut-down delayed 'til April"</a>. TeleGeography. 22 January 2008. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161223133455/https://www.telegeography.com/products/commsupdate/articles/2008/01/22/cdma-shut-down-delayed-til-april/">Archived</a> from the original on 23 December 2016. Retrieved 23 December 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=CDMA+shut-down+delayed+%27til+April&rft.pub=TeleGeography&rft.date=2008-01-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegeography.com%2Fproducts%2Fcommsupdate%2Farticles%2F2008%2F01%2F22%2Fcdma-shut-down-delayed-til-april%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2G" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Telstra_AU-48"><a href="#cite_ref-Telstra_AU_48-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.commsupdate.com/articles/2016/12/02/telstra-switches-off-gsm-network/">"Telstra switches off GSM network"</a>. TeleGeography. 2 December 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170218082158/https://www.telegeography.com/products/commsupdate/articles/2016/12/02/telstra-switches-off-gsm-network/">Archived</a> from the original on 18 February 2017. Retrieved 23 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Telstra+switches+off+GSM+network&rft.pub=TeleGeography&rft.date=2016-12-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.commsupdate.com%2Farticles%2F2016%2F12%2F02%2Ftelstra-switches-off-gsm-network%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2G" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-VF_AU-49"><a href="#cite_ref-VF_AU_49-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ausdroid.net/news/2018/04/06/vodafones-2g-network-shutdown-starts-end-month-ready/">"Vodafone's 2G Network shutdown starts at the end of this month – are you ready?"</a>. Ausdroid. 14 June 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240912205932/https://ausdroid.net/news/2018/04/06/vodafones-2g-network-shutdown-starts-end-month-ready/">Archived</a> from the original on 12 September 2024. Retrieved 12 September 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Vodafone%27s+2G+Network+shutdown+starts+at+the+end+of+this+month+%E2%80%93+are+you+ready%3F&rft.pub=Ausdroid&rft.date=2018-06-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fausdroid.net%2Fnews%2F2018%2F04%2F06%2Fvodafones-2g-network-shutdown-starts-end-month-ready%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2G" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-BTC_BS_1-50"><a href="#cite_ref-BTC_BS_1_50-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ewnews.com/btc-to-commence-mobile-network-optimization-project/">"BTC to commence mobile network optimization project"</a>. Eye Witness News. 22 May 2024. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240914220658/https://ewnews.com/btc-to-commence-mobile-network-optimization-project/">Archived</a> from the original on 14 September 2024. Retrieved 14 September 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=BTC+to+commence+mobile+network+optimization+project&rft.pub=Eye+Witness+News&rft.date=2024-05-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fewnews.com%2Fbtc-to-commence-mobile-network-optimization-project%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2G" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-BTC_BS_2-51"><a href="#cite_ref-BTC_BS_2_51-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tribune242.com/news/2024/may/22/btc-readies-consolidate-mobile-network-4g-only/">"BTC readies to consolidate mobile network to 4G only"</a>. The Tribune - Ellington. 22 May 2024. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240914220657/https://www.tribune242.com/news/2024/may/22/btc-readies-consolidate-mobile-network-4g-only/">Archived</a> from the original on 14 September 2024. Retrieved 14 September 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=BTC+readies+to+consolidate+mobile+network+to+4G+only&rft.pub=The+Tribune+-+Ellington&rft.date=2024-05-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tribune242.com%2Fnews%2F2024%2Fmay%2F22%2Fbtc-readies-consolidate-mobile-network-4g-only%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2G" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-BTC_BS_3-52"><a href="#cite_ref-BTC_BS_3_52-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.btcbahamas.com/importantnotice">"BTC will be transitioning our network from 2G to 3G technology"</a>. BTC. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240914220658/https://www.btcbahamas.com/importantnotice">Archived</a> from the original on 14 September 2024. Retrieved 14 September 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=BTC+will+be+transitioning+our+network+from+2G+to+3G+technology&rft.pub=BTC&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.btcbahamas.com%2Fimportantnotice&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2G" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Batelco_BH-53"><a href="#cite_ref-Batelco_BH_53-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.commsupdate.com/articles/2021/09/28/batelco-to-phase-out-2g-network-on-30-november/">"Batelco to phase out 2G network on 30 November"</a>. TeleGeography. 28 September 2021. Retrieved 19 February 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Batelco+to+phase+out+2G+network+on+30+November&rft.pub=TeleGeography&rft.date=2021-09-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.commsupdate.com%2Farticles%2F2021%2F09%2F28%2Fbatelco-to-phase-out-2g-network-on-30-november%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2G" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-SM_Frequencies_BB-54"><a href="#cite_ref-SM_Frequencies_BB_54-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.spectrummonitoring.com/frequencies.php/frequencies.php?market=BRB">"spectrummonitoring.com - Barbados"</a>. spectrummonitoring.com. 1 March 2022. Retrieved 15 September 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=spectrummonitoring.com+-+Barbados&rft.pub=spectrummonitoring.com&rft.date=2022-03-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.spectrummonitoring.com%2Ffrequencies.php%2Ffrequencies.php%3Fmarket%3DBRB&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2G" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-2G_Shutdown_Europe-55">^ <a href="#cite_ref-2G_Shutdown_Europe_55-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-2G_Shutdown_Europe_55-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-2G_Shutdown_Europe_55-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-2G_Shutdown_Europe_55-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-2G_Shutdown_Europe_55-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-2G_Shutdown_Europe_55-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-2G_Shutdown_Europe_55-6">g</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.commsupdate.com/articles/2022/03/01/orange-selects-5g-sa-vendors-provides-timetable-for-2g3g-shutdowns/">"Orange selects 5G SA vendors; provides timetable for 2G/3G shutdowns"</a>. TeleGeography. 1 March 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220301120111/https://www.commsupdate.com/articles/2022/03/01/orange-selects-5g-sa-vendors-provides-timetable-for-2g3g-shutdowns/">Archived</a> from the original on 1 March 2022. Retrieved 6 March 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Orange+selects+5G+SA+vendors%3B+provides+timetable+for+2G%2F3G+shutdowns&rft.pub=TeleGeography&rft.date=2022-03-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.commsupdate.com%2Farticles%2F2022%2F03%2F01%2Forange-selects-5g-sa-vendors-provides-timetable-for-2g3g-shutdowns%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2G" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Telenet_BE-56"><a href="#cite_ref-Telenet_BE_56-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.commsupdate.com/articles/2022/09/16/telenet-to-switch-off-3g-from-september-2024/">"Telenet to switch off 3G from September 2024"</a>. TeleGeography. 19 September 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221009170300/https://www.commsupdate.com/articles/2022/09/16/telenet-to-switch-off-3g-from-september-2024/">Archived</a> from the original on 9 October 2022. Retrieved 26 November 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Telenet+to+switch+off+3G+from+September+2024&rft.pub=TeleGeography&rft.date=2022-09-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.commsupdate.com%2Farticles%2F2022%2F09%2F16%2Ftelenet-to-switch-off-3g-from-september-2024%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2G" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.commsupdate.com/articles/2022/11/30/proximus-to-switch-off-3g-network-by-end-2024/">"Proximus to switch off 3G network by end-2024"</a>. TeleGeography. 30 November 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221204115333/https://www.commsupdate.com/articles/2022/11/30/proximus-to-switch-off-3g-network-by-end-2024/">Archived</a> from the original on 4 December 2022. Retrieved 18 March 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Proximus+to+switch+off+3G+network+by+end-2024&rft.pub=TeleGeography&rft.date=2022-11-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.commsupdate.com%2Farticles%2F2022%2F11%2F30%2Fproximus-to-switch-off-3g-network-by-end-2024%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2G" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-SM_Frequencies_BM-58">^ <a href="#cite_ref-SM_Frequencies_BM_58-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-SM_Frequencies_BM_58-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.spectrummonitoring.com/frequencies.php/frequencies.php?market=BER">"spectrummonitoring.com - Bermuda"</a>. spectrummonitoring.com. 20 May 2021. Retrieved 15 September 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=spectrummonitoring.com+-+Bermuda&rft.pub=spectrummonitoring.com&rft.date=2021-05-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.spectrummonitoring.com%2Ffrequencies.php%2Ffrequencies.php%3Fmarket%3DBER&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2G" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-SM_Frequencies_VG-59">^ <a href="#cite_ref-SM_Frequencies_VG_59-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-SM_Frequencies_VG_59-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.spectrummonitoring.com/frequencies.php/frequencies.php?market=VRG">"spectrummonitoring.com - British Virgin Islands"</a>. spectrummonitoring.com. 6 April 2017. Retrieved 15 September 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=spectrummonitoring.com+-+British+Virgin+Islands&rft.pub=spectrummonitoring.com&rft.date=2017-04-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.spectrummonitoring.com%2Ffrequencies.php%2Ffrequencies.php%3Fmarket%3DVRG&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2G" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-2G_Shutdown_BVI-60"><a href="#cite_ref-2G_Shutdown_BVI_60-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.facebook.com/plugins/post.php?href=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.facebook.com%2FFlowBVI%2Fposts%2Fpfbid02pNpqqrrwae3E54iEaRgL5gVPzY7tCnspH8WWnhHoBDQGCMhhN9yUcJw6rvLR4Z5Yl">"Final Announcement 2G Shutdown"</a>. FLOW BVI. 17 April 2024. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240917222822/https://www.facebook.com/plugins/post.php?href=https://www.facebook.com/FlowBVI/posts/pfbid02pNpqqrrwae3E54iEaRgL5gVPzY7tCnspH8WWnhHoBDQGCMhhN9yUcJw6rvLR4Z5Yl">Archived</a> from the original on 17 September 2024. Retrieved 18 September 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Final+Announcement+2G+Shutdown&rft.pub=FLOW+BVI&rft.date=2024-04-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.facebook.com%2Fplugins%2Fpost.php%3Fhref%3Dhttps%253A%252F%252Fwww.facebook.com%252FFlowBVI%252Fposts%252Fpfbid02pNpqqrrwae3E54iEaRgL5gVPzY7tCnspH8WWnhHoBDQGCMhhN9yUcJw6rvLR4Z5Yl&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2G" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-2G_Shutdown_BN_1-61"><a href="#cite_ref-2G_Shutdown_BN_1_61-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://unn.com.bn/storage/news/faq-cessation-of-2g-gsm-services.pdf">"Cessation of 2G GSM services in Brunei Darussalam"</a> (PDF). UNN Brunei. 16 April 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211208062732/https://unn.com.bn/storage/news/faq-cessation-of-2g-gsm-services.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 8 December 2021. Retrieved 8 December 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Cessation+of+2G+GSM+services+in+Brunei+Darussalam&rft.pub=UNN+Brunei&rft.date=2021-04-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Funn.com.bn%2Fstorage%2Fnews%2Ffaq-cessation-of-2g-gsm-services.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2G" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-2G_Shutdown_BN_2-62"><a href="#cite_ref-2G_Shutdown_BN_2_62-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211208061230/https://www.aiti.gov.bn/SitePages/FAQs.aspx#2G-Network-Switch-off">"FAQs - 2G Network Switch-off"</a>. Authority for Info-communications Technology Industry (AITI). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aiti.gov.bn/SitePages/FAQs.aspx#2G-Network-Switch-off">the original</a> on 8 December 2021. Retrieved 8 December 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=FAQs+-+2G+Network+Switch-off&rft.pub=Authority+for+Info-communications+Technology+Industry+%28AITI%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aiti.gov.bn%2FSitePages%2FFAQs.aspx%232G-Network-Switch-off&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2G" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://support.bell.ca/mobility/smartphones_and_mobile_internet/cdma_evdo_network_change">"CDMA Network Discontinuation"</a>. Bell Canada. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180323121232/https://support.bell.ca/Mobility/Smartphones_and_mobile_internet/CDMA_EVDO_network_change">Archived</a> from the original on 23 March 2018. Retrieved 23 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=CDMA+Network+Discontinuation&rft.pub=Bell+Canada&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsupport.bell.ca%2Fmobility%2Fsmartphones_and_mobile_internet%2Fcdma_evdo_network_change&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2G" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bell_CA-64"><a href="#cite_ref-Bell_CA_64-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.commsupdate.com/articles/2019/04/01/bell-completing-cdma-shutdown-on-30-april/">"Bell completing CDMA shutdown on 30 April"</a>. TeleGeography. 1 April 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210302204824/https://www.commsupdate.com/articles/2019/04/01/bell-completing-cdma-shutdown-on-30-april/">Archived</a> from the original on 2 March 2021. Retrieved 23 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bell+completing+CDMA+shutdown+on+30+April&rft.pub=TeleGeography&rft.date=2019-04-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.commsupdate.com%2Farticles%2F2019%2F04%2F01%2Fbell-completing-cdma-shutdown-on-30-april%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2G" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rogers_CA_1-65"><a href="#cite_ref-Rogers_CA_1_65-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mobilesyrup.com/2018/05/04/rogers-extends-availability-of-gsm-gprs-network-to-december-2020/">"Rogers extends availability of GSM/GPRS network to December 2020"</a>. MobileSyrup. 4 May 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201010141827/https://mobilesyrup.com/2018/05/04/rogers-extends-availability-of-gsm-gprs-network-to-december-2020/">Archived</a> from the original on 10 October 2020. Retrieved 23 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Rogers+extends+availability+of+GSM%2FGPRS+network+to+December+2020&rft.pub=MobileSyrup&rft.date=2018-05-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmobilesyrup.com%2F2018%2F05%2F04%2Frogers-extends-availability-of-gsm-gprs-network-to-december-2020%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2G" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rogers_CA_2-66"><a href="#cite_ref-Rogers_CA_2_66-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bsav.ca/important-notice-regarding-upcoming-2g-3g-changes-on-the-rogers-network/">"Important Notice Regarding Upcoming 2G/3G Changes on the Rogers Network"</a>. BULWARK. 15 July 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240921113134/https://bsav.ca/important-notice-regarding-upcoming-2g-3g-changes-on-the-rogers-network/">Archived</a> from the original on 21 September 2024. Retrieved 23 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Important+Notice+Regarding+Upcoming+2G%2F3G+Changes+on+the+Rogers+Network&rft.pub=BULWARK&rft.date=2020-07-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbsav.ca%2Fimportant-notice-regarding-upcoming-2g-3g-changes-on-the-rogers-network%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2G" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rogers_CA_3-67"><a href="#cite_ref-Rogers_CA_3_67-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rogers.com/customer/support/article/business-network-updates">"1900 MHz Shutdown on our 2G and 3G Wireless Networks"</a>. Rogers Communications. 1 March 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230513150005/https://www.rogers.com/customer/support/article/business-network-updates">Archived</a> from the original on 13 May 2023. Retrieved 13 May 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=1900+MHz+Shutdown+on+our+2G+and+3G+Wireless+Networks&rft.pub=Rogers+Communications&rft.date=2021-03-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rogers.com%2Fcustomer%2Fsupport%2Farticle%2Fbusiness-network-updates&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2G" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rogers_CA_4-68"><a href="#cite_ref-Rogers_CA_4_68-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blog.telegeography.com/2g-and-3g-shutdowns-continue">"2G and 3G Shutdowns Continue"</a>. blog.telegeography.com. 15 February 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230505113934/https://blog.telegeography.com/2g-and-3g-shutdowns-continue">Archived</a> from the original on 5 May 2023. Retrieved 13 May 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2G+and+3G+Shutdowns+Continue&rft.pub=blog.telegeography.com&rft.date=2023-02-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fblog.telegeography.com%2F2g-and-3g-shutdowns-continue&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2G" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Saktel_CA_1-69"><a href="#cite_ref-Saktel_CA_1_69-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.commsupdate.com/articles/2016/07/06/final-countdown-for-saskatchewan-cdma/">"Final countdown for Saskatchewan CDMA"</a>. TeleGeography. 6 July 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210226131921/https://www.commsupdate.com/articles/2016/07/06/final-countdown-for-saskatchewan-cdma/">Archived</a> from the original on 26 February 2021. Retrieved 23 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Final+countdown+for+Saskatchewan+CDMA&rft.pub=TeleGeography&rft.date=2016-07-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.commsupdate.com%2Farticles%2F2016%2F07%2F06%2Ffinal-countdown-for-saskatchewan-cdma%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2G" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sasktel_CA_2-70"><a href="#cite_ref-Sasktel_CA_2_70-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sasktel.com/about-us/news/2017/sasktel-rreminds-cdma-customers-of-network-shutdown">"SaskTel reminds CDMA customers of network shutdown"</a>. Sasktel. 11 January 2017. Retrieved 23 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=SaskTel+reminds+CDMA+customers+of+network+shutdown&rft.pub=Sasktel&rft.date=2017-01-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sasktel.com%2Fabout-us%2Fnews%2F2017%2Fsasktel-rreminds-cdma-customers-of-network-shutdown&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2G" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Telus_CA_1-71"><a href="#cite_ref-Telus_CA_1_71-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.commsupdate.com/articles/2013/10/21/telus-shutting-cdma-in-2015/">"Telus 'shutting CDMA in 2015'"</a>. TeleGeography. 21 October 2013. Retrieved 23 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Telus+%27shutting+CDMA+in+2015%27&rft.pub=TeleGeography&rft.date=2013-10-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.commsupdate.com%2Farticles%2F2013%2F10%2F21%2Ftelus-shutting-cdma-in-2015%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2G" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Telus_CA_2-72"><a href="#cite_ref-Telus_CA_2_72-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telus.com/en/on/support/article/cdma">"CDMA network shut down - Information on the discontinuation of CDMA network support"</a>. TELUS. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201111221245/https://www.telus.com/en/on/support/article/cdma">Archived</a> from the original on 11 November 2020. Retrieved 23 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=CDMA+network+shut+down+-+Information+on+the+discontinuation+of+CDMA+network+support&rft.pub=TELUS&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telus.com%2Fen%2Fon%2Fsupport%2Farticle%2Fcdma&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2G" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Digicel_KY_1-73"><a href="#cite_ref-Digicel_KY_1_73-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210917042252/http://www.digicelfoundation.org/markets/cayman/en/mobile/Why-Digicel/network/G-Network-Shut-Down.html">"2G Network Shut Down"</a>. Digicel Cayman. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.digicelfoundation.org/markets/cayman/en/mobile/Why-Digicel/network/G-Network-Shut-Down.html">the original</a> on 17 September 2021. Retrieved 18 March 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2G+Network+Shut+Down&rft.pub=Digicel+Cayman&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.digicelfoundation.org%2Fmarkets%2Fcayman%2Fen%2Fmobile%2FWhy-Digicel%2Fnetwork%2FG-Network-Shut-Down.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2G" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Digicel_KY_2-74"><a href="#cite_ref-Digicel_KY_2_74-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.commsupdate.com/articles/2019/11/01/digicel-cayman-announces-network-upgrade-discontinues-2g-coverage/">"Digicel Cayman announces network upgrade, discontinues 2G coverage"</a>. TeleGeography. 1 November 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220219224931/https://www.commsupdate.com/articles/2019/11/01/digicel-cayman-announces-network-upgrade-discontinues-2g-coverage/">Archived</a> from the original on 19 February 2022. Retrieved 19 February 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Digicel+Cayman+announces+network+upgrade%2C+discontinues+2G+coverage&rft.pub=TeleGeography&rft.date=2019-11-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.commsupdate.com%2Farticles%2F2019%2F11%2F01%2Fdigicel-cayman-announces-network-upgrade-discontinues-2g-coverage%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2G" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-SM_Frequencies_CN-75">^ <a href="#cite_ref-SM_Frequencies_CN_75-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-SM_Frequencies_CN_75-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-SM_Frequencies_CN_75-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.spectrummonitoring.com/frequencies.php/frequencies.php?market=CHN">"spectrummonitoring.com - China"</a>. spectrummonitoring.com. 21 November 2022. Retrieved 13 October 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=spectrummonitoring.com+-+China&rft.pub=spectrummonitoring.com&rft.date=2022-11-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.spectrummonitoring.com%2Ffrequencies.php%2Ffrequencies.php%3Fmarket%3DCHN&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2G" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-CT_CN_1-76"><a href="#cite_ref-CT_CN_1_76-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.montnets.com/en/wap/index.php/show-583.html">"China Telecom: 3G Network Will Be Shut down Gradually Starting from June"</a>. Montnets. 5 June 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240921113645/https://www.montnets.com/en/wap/index.php/show-583.html">Archived</a> from the original on 21 September 2024. Retrieved 14 May 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=China+Telecom%3A+3G+Network+Will+Be+Shut+down+Gradually+Starting+from+June&rft.pub=Montnets&rft.date=2020-06-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.montnets.com%2Fen%2Fwap%2Findex.php%2Fshow-583.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2G" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-CT_CU_CN-77">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CT_CU_CN_77-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CT_CU_CN_77-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lightreading.com/asia/turning-off-2g-in-china-harder-than-it-looks/d/d-id/778630">"Turning off 2G in China harder than it looks"</a>. Light Reading. 29 June 2022. Retrieved 4 December 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Turning+off+2G+in+China+harder+than+it+looks&rft.pub=Light+Reading&rft.date=2022-06-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lightreading.com%2Fasia%2Fturning-off-2g-in-china-harder-than-it-looks%2Fd%2Fd-id%2F778630&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2G" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-CU_CN_1-78"><a href="#cite_ref-CU_CN_1_78-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://technode.com/2018/04/12/china-unicom-to-roll-back-2g-network/">"China Unicom to roll back 2G network"</a>. TechNode. 18 April 2018. Retrieved 13 October 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=China+Unicom+to+roll+back+2G+network&rft.pub=TechNode&rft.date=2018-04-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftechnode.com%2F2018%2F04%2F12%2Fchina-unicom-to-roll-back-2g-network%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2G" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-CU_CN_2-79"><a href="#cite_ref-CU_CN_2_79-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.developingtelecoms.com/telecom-business/operator-news/10286-china-unicom-to-retire-2g-next-year.html">"China Unicom to retire 2G next year"</a>. Developing Telecoms Ltd. 13 November 2020. Retrieved 23 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=China+Unicom+to+retire+2G+next+year&rft.pub=Developing+Telecoms+Ltd.&rft.date=2020-11-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.developingtelecoms.com%2Ftelecom-business%2Foperator-news%2F10286-china-unicom-to-retire-2g-next-year.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2G" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-CU_CN_3-80"><a href="#cite_ref-CU_CN_3_80-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.commsupdate.com/articles/2022/11/04/china-unicom-given-green-light-to-refarm-900mhz-band-for-5g/">"China Unicom given green light to refarm 900MHz band for 5G"</a>. TeleGeography. 4 November 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221105233848/https://www.commsupdate.com/articles/2022/11/04/china-unicom-given-green-light-to-refarm-900mhz-band-for-5g/">Archived</a> from the original on 5 November 2022. Retrieved 6 November 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=China+Unicom+given+green+light+to+refarm+900MHz+band+for+5G&rft.pub=TeleGeography&rft.date=2022-11-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.commsupdate.com%2Farticles%2F2022%2F11%2F04%2Fchina-unicom-given-green-light-to-refarm-900mhz-band-for-5g%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2G" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Entel_CL-81"><a href="#cite_ref-Entel_CL_81-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ayuda.entel.cl/hc/es-419/articles/18395794735251--Cu%C3%A1ndo-se-har%C3%A1-el-recambio-de-la-tecnolog%C3%ADa-2G-en-mi-regi%C3%B3n">"¿Cuándo se hará el recambio de la tecnología 2G en mi región? – Centro de Ayuda - Entel"</a> [When will the 2G technology be switched to in my region?] (in Spanish). Retrieved 7 October 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%C2%BFCu%C3%A1ndo+se+har%C3%A1+el+recambio+de+la+tecnolog%C3%ADa+2G+en+mi+regi%C3%B3n%3F+%E2%80%93+Centro+de+Ayuda+-+Entel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fayuda.entel.cl%2Fhc%2Fes-419%2Farticles%2F18395794735251--Cu%25C3%25A1ndo-se-har%25C3%25A1-el-recambio-de-la-tecnolog%25C3%25ADa-2G-en-mi-regi%25C3%25B3n&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2G" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Claro_CO_1-82"><a href="#cite_ref-Claro_CO_1_82-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.commsupdate.com/articles/2022/05/13/claro-colombia-targets-december-2022-2g-shutdown/">"Claro Colombia targets December 2022 2G shutdown"</a>. TeleGeography. 13 May 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220514161054/https://www.commsupdate.com/articles/2022/05/13/claro-colombia-targets-december-2022-2g-shutdown/">Archived</a> from the original on 14 May 2022. Retrieved 14 May 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Claro+Colombia+targets+December+2022+2G+shutdown&rft.pub=TeleGeography&rft.date=2022-05-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.commsupdate.com%2Farticles%2F2022%2F05%2F13%2Fclaro-colombia-targets-december-2022-2g-shutdown%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2G" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Claro_CO_2-83"><a href="#cite_ref-Claro_CO_2_83-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.commsupdate.com/articles/2022/09/20/claro-now-expects-to-switch-off-2g-network-by-feb-23/">"Claro now expects to switch off 2G network by Feb-23"</a>. TeleGeography. 20 September 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221009165550/https://www.commsupdate.com/articles/2022/09/20/claro-now-expects-to-switch-off-2g-network-by-feb-23/">Archived</a> from the original on 9 October 2022. Retrieved 6 October 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Claro+now+expects+to+switch+off+2G+network+by+Feb-23&rft.pub=TeleGeography&rft.date=2022-09-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.commsupdate.com%2Farticles%2F2022%2F09%2F20%2Fclaro-now-expects-to-switch-off-2g-network-by-feb-23%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2G" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Tigo_CO-84"><a href="#cite_ref-Tigo_CO_84-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.commsupdate.com/articles/2022/11/02/tigo-switches-off-colombian-2g-network/">"Tigo switches off Colombian 2G network"</a>. TeleGeography. 2 November 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221105233847/https://www.commsupdate.com/articles/2022/11/02/tigo-switches-off-colombian-2g-network/">Archived</a> from the original on 5 November 2022. Retrieved 6 November 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tigo+switches+off+Colombian+2G+network&rft.pub=TeleGeography&rft.date=2022-11-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.commsupdate.com%2Farticles%2F2022%2F11%2F02%2Ftigo-switches-off-colombian-2g-network%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2G" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FLOW_CW_1-85"><a href="#cite_ref-FLOW_CW_1_85-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.linkedin.com/posts/bart-hofker-710760_this-week-were-turning-off-2g-in-curacao-activity-7168645482393640962-vBLl">"Final Announcement 2G Shutdown"</a>. Flow Curaçao. 26 February 2024. Retrieved 15 September 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Final+Announcement+2G+Shutdown&rft.pub=Flow+Cura%C3%A7ao&rft.date=2024-02-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.linkedin.com%2Fposts%2Fbart-hofker-710760_this-week-were-turning-off-2g-in-curacao-activity-7168645482393640962-vBLl&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2G" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FLOW_CW_2-86"><a href="#cite_ref-FLOW_CW_2_86-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://discoverflow.co/curacao/2G-network-shutdown">"2G service retires February 29"</a>. Flow Curaçao. 26 February 2024. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240915112145/https://discoverflow.co/curacao/2G-network-shutdown">Archived</a> from the original on 15 September 2024. Retrieved 15 September 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2G+service+retires+February+29&rft.pub=Flow+Cura%C3%A7ao&rft.date=2024-02-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdiscoverflow.co%2Fcuracao%2F2G-network-shutdown&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2G" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FLOW_DM-87"><a href="#cite_ref-FLOW_DM_87-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://emonewsdm.com/flow-repurposing-its-2g-network-to-bolster-3g-4/">"Flow repurposing its 2G network to bolster 3G & 4"</a>. Emonews. 4 March 2024. Retrieved 13 October 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Flow+repurposing+its+2G+network+to+bolster+3G+%26+4&rft.pub=Emonews&rft.date=2024-03-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Femonewsdm.com%2Fflow-repurposing-its-2g-network-to-bolster-3g-4%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2G" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-BYG_FR-88"><a href="#cite_ref-BYG_FR_88-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.commsupdate.com/articles/2023/02/03/bouygues-telecom-to-decommission-2g-in-2026-3g-to-follow-in-2029/">"Bouygues Telecom to decommission 2G in 2026, 3G to follow in 2029"</a>. TeleGeography. 3 February 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230211150539/https://www.commsupdate.com/articles/2023/02/03/bouygues-telecom-to-decommission-2g-in-2026-3g-to-follow-in-2029/">Archived</a> from the original on 11 February 2023. Retrieved 11 February 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bouygues+Telecom+to+decommission+2G+in+2026%2C+3G+to+follow+in+2029&rft.pub=TeleGeography&rft.date=2023-02-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.commsupdate.com%2Farticles%2F2023%2F02%2F03%2Fbouygues-telecom-to-decommission-2g-in-2026-3g-to-follow-in-2029%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2G" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-SFR_FR-89"><a href="#cite_ref-SFR_FR_89-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.commsupdate.com/articles/2023/01/27/sfr-selects-nokia-for-5g-sa-network-to-decommission-2g3g-by-2028/">"SFR selects Nokia for 5G SA network; to decommission 2G/3G by 2028"</a>. TeleGeography. 27 January 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230128212928/https://www.commsupdate.com/articles/2023/01/27/sfr-selects-nokia-for-5g-sa-network-to-decommission-2g3g-by-2028/">Archived</a> from the original on 28 January 2023. Retrieved 28 January 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=SFR+selects+Nokia+for+5G+SA+network%3B+to+decommission+2G%2F3G+by+2028&rft.pub=TeleGeography&rft.date=2023-01-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.commsupdate.com%2Farticles%2F2023%2F01%2F27%2Fsfr-selects-nokia-for-5g-sa-network-to-decommission-2g3g-by-2028%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2G" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telekom.com/de/medien/medieninformationen/detail/mehr-speed-auf-alten-frequenzen-2g-abschaltung-sorgt-fuer-besseres-netz-1081802">"Mehr Speed auf alten Frequenzen: 2G-Abschaltung sorgt für besseres Netz"</a> (in German). <a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Telekom" title="Deutsche Telekom">Deutsche Telekom</a>. 22 October 2024. Retrieved 22 October 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mehr+Speed+auf+alten+Frequenzen%3A+2G-Abschaltung+sorgt+f%C3%BCr+besseres+Netz&rft.pub=Deutsche+Telekom&rft.date=2024-10-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telekom.com%2Fde%2Fmedien%2Fmedieninformationen%2Fdetail%2Fmehr-speed-auf-alten-frequenzen-2g-abschaltung-sorgt-fuer-besseres-netz-1081802&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2G" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.computerbase.de/news/internet/gsm-abschaltung-vodafone-will-2g-netze-bis-ende-2030-abschalten.90054/">"GSM-Abschaltung: Vodafone will 2G-Netze bis Ende 2030 abschalten"</a> (in German). computerbase.de. 24 October 2024. Retrieved 24 October 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=GSM-Abschaltung%3A+Vodafone+will+2G-Netze+bis+Ende+2030+abschalten&rft.pub=computerbase.de&rft.date=2024-10-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.computerbase.de%2Fnews%2Finternet%2Fgsm-abschaltung-vodafone-will-2g-netze-bis-ende-2030-abschalten.90054%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2G" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-3_HK-92"><a href="#cite_ref-3_HK_92-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.commsupdate.com/articles/2021/07/29/3-hong-kong-to-close-2g-network-at-end-september/">"3 Hong Kong to close 2G network at end-September"</a>. TeleGeography. 29 July 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210729120447/https://www.commsupdate.com/articles/2021/07/29/3-hong-kong-to-close-2g-network-at-end-september/">Archived</a> from the original on 29 July 2021. Retrieved 1 August 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=3+Hong+Kong+to+close+2G+network+at+end-September&rft.pub=TeleGeography&rft.date=2021-07-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.commsupdate.com%2Farticles%2F2021%2F07%2F29%2F3-hong-kong-to-close-2g-network-at-end-september%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2G" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-CSL_CDMA_HK-93"><a href="#cite_ref-CSL_CDMA_HK_93-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://topick.hket.com/article/1910410/%E4%B8%8D%E7%8D%B2%E6%89%B9%E9%A0%BB%E8%AD%9C%E6%94%B9%E4%BD%9C4G%20LTE%20%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E9%9B%BB%E8%A8%8A%E5%85%A5%E7%A8%9F%E5%8F%B8%E6%B3%95%E8%A6%86%E6%A0%B8">"不獲批頻譜改作4G LTE 香港電訊入稟司法覆核 - 香港經濟日報"</a> (in Chinese). topick.hket.com. 22 December 2017. Retrieved 9 November 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E4%B8%8D%E7%8D%B2%E6%89%B9%E9%A0%BB%E8%AD%9C%E6%94%B9%E4%BD%9C4G+LTE+%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E9%9B%BB%E8%A8%8A%E5%85%A5%E7%A8%9F%E5%8F%B8%E6%B3%95%E8%A6%86%E6%A0%B8+-+%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F%E6%97%A5%E5%A0%B1&rft.pub=topick.hket.com&rft.date=2017-12-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftopick.hket.com%2Farticle%2F1910410%2F%25E4%25B8%258D%25E7%258D%25B2%25E6%2589%25B9%25E9%25A0%25BB%25E8%25AD%259C%25E6%2594%25B9%25E4%25BD%259C4G%2520LTE%2520%25E9%25A6%2599%25E6%25B8%25AF%25E9%259B%25BB%25E8%25A8%258A%25E5%2585%25A5%25E7%25A8%259F%25E5%258F%25B8%25E6%25B3%2595%25E8%25A6%2586%25E6%25A0%25B8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2G" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-CSL_HK-94"><a href="#cite_ref-CSL_HK_94-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hkt.com/assets/Common/files/press-release/2024/Aug/press-release-20240802-en.pdf">"HKT to terminate 2G services on 8 November 2024 reallocating spectrum resources for advanced mobile services"</a> (PDF). HKT Limited. 2 August 2024. Retrieved 9 November 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=HKT+to+terminate+2G+services+on+8+November+2024+reallocating+spectrum+resources+for+advanced+mobile+services&rft.pub=HKT+Limited&rft.date=2024-08-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hkt.com%2Fassets%2FCommon%2Ffiles%2Fpress-release%2F2024%2FAug%2Fpress-release-20240802-en.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2G" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-SmarTone_HK-95"><a href="#cite_ref-SmarTone_HK_95-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.commsupdate.com/articles/2022/08/12/smartone-announces-october-shutdown-for-2g-network/">"SmarTone announces October shutdown for 2G network"</a>. TeleGeography. 12 August 2022. Retrieved 19 August 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=SmarTone+announces+October+shutdown+for+2G+network&rft.pub=TeleGeography&rft.date=2022-08-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.commsupdate.com%2Farticles%2F2022%2F08%2F12%2Fsmartone-announces-october-shutdown-for-2g-network%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2G" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nova.is/dansgolfid/bless-2g">"Bless 2G!"</a> (in Icelandic). NOVA Hlutafélag. Retrieved 28 January 2025.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bless+2G%21&rft.pub=NOVA+Hlutaf%C3%A9lag&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nova.is%2Fdansgolfid%2Fbless-2g&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2G" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.siminn.is/2g-3g">"Lokun 2G & 3G kerfa"</a> (in Icelandic). Siminn. Retrieved 28 January 2025.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lokun+2G+%26+3G+kerfa&rft.pub=Siminn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.siminn.is%2F2g-3g&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2G" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://vodafone.is/hoppum-inn-i-framtidina">"Hoppum inn í framtíðina"</a>. Vodafone Iceland. Retrieved 28 January 2025.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hoppum+inn+%C3%AD+framt%C3%AD%C3%B0ina&rft.pub=Vodafone+Iceland&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvodafone.is%2Fhoppum-inn-i-framtidina&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2G" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://vb.is/frettir/timabili-2g-og-3g-fer-senn-ad-ljuka/">"Tímabili 2G og 3G fer senn að ljúka"</a> (in Icelandic). Viðskiptablaðið. 9 September 2024. Retrieved 28 January 2025.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=T%C3%ADmabili+2G+og+3G+fer+senn+a%C3%B0+lj%C3%BAka&rft.pub=Vi%C3%B0skiptabla%C3%B0i%C3%B0&rft.date=2024-09-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvb.is%2Ffrettir%2Ftimabili-2g-og-3g-fer-senn-ad-ljuka%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2G" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-iDEN_IL-100"><a href="#cite_ref-iDEN_IL_100-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bizzness.net/%D7%9E%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%99-%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%A1-77350-%D7%90%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%95-%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9D/">""מנוי מירס 77350 אינו קיים""</a> (in Hebrew). bizzness.net. 3 September 2019. Retrieved 13 October 2024. [Dear customer, we would like to inform you that according to the directive of the Ministry of Communications, we are forced to stop using the IDEN system frequencies until December 31, 2019. And we will not be able to continue providing the network services after this date.]</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%22%D7%9E%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%99+%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%A1+77350+%D7%90%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%95+%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9D%22&rft.pub=bizzness.net&rft.date=2019-09-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbizzness.net%2F%25D7%259E%25D7%25A0%25D7%2595%25D7%2599-%25D7%259E%25D7%2599%25D7%25A8%25D7%25A1-77350-%25D7%2590%25D7%2599%25D7%25A0%25D7%2595-%25D7%25A7%25D7%2599%25D7%2599%25D7%259D%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2G" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-2G_Shutdown_IL-101"><a href="#cite_ref-2G_Shutdown_IL_101-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.commsupdate.com/articles/2021/07/02/ministry-orders-shutdown-of-israeli-2g-3g-networks-by-2025/">"Ministry orders shutdown of Israeli 2G, 3G networks by 2025"</a>. TeleGeography. 2 July 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220812141829/https://www.commsupdate.com/articles/2021/07/02/ministry-orders-shutdown-of-israeli-2g-3g-networks-by-2025/">Archived</a> from the original on 12 August 2022. Retrieved 6 June 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ministry+orders+shutdown+of+Israeli+2G%2C+3G+networks+by+2025&rft.pub=TeleGeography&rft.date=2021-07-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.commsupdate.com%2Farticles%2F2021%2F07%2F02%2Fministry-orders-shutdown-of-israeli-2g-3g-networks-by-2025%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2G" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://jamaica.loopnews.com/content/digicel-enters-final-stage-2g-network-shutdown">"Digicel enters final stage of 2G network shutdown | Loop Jamaica"</a>. Loop News. 3 April 2024. Retrieved 14 April 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Digicel+enters+final+stage+of+2G+network+shutdown+%7C+Loop+Jamaica&rft.pub=Loop+News&rft.date=2024-04-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjamaica.loopnews.com%2Fcontent%2Fdigicel-enters-final-stage-2g-network-shutdown&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2G" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FLOW_JM_2-103">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FLOW_JM_2_103-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FLOW_JM_2_103-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://jamaica-gleaner.com/article/lead-stories/20240414/bangers-begone">"BANGERS, BEGONE!"</a>. jamaica-gleaner. 14 April 2024. Retrieved 14 April 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=BANGERS%2C+BEGONE%21&rft.pub=jamaica-gleaner&rft.date=2024-04-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjamaica-gleaner.com%2Farticle%2Flead-stories%2F20240414%2Fbangers-begone&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2G" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FLOW_JM_1-104"><a href="#cite_ref-FLOW_JM_1_104-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.commsupdate.com/articles/2022/08/05/flow-jamaica-2g-shutdown-underway/">"Flow Jamaica 2G shutdown underway"</a>. TeleGeography. 5 August 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220805184334/https://www.commsupdate.com/articles/2022/08/05/flow-jamaica-2g-shutdown-underway/">Archived</a> from the original on 5 August 2022. Retrieved 5 August 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Flow+Jamaica+2G+shutdown+underway&rft.pub=TeleGeography&rft.date=2022-08-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.commsupdate.com%2Farticles%2F2022%2F08%2F05%2Fflow-jamaica-2g-shutdown-underway%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2G" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FLOW_JM_3-105"><a href="#cite_ref-FLOW_JM_3_105-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://iriefm.net/flow-retires-2g-network/">"Flow retires 2G network"</a>. Grove Broadcasting Company Ltd. 15 April 2024. Retrieved 13 October 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Flow+retires+2G+network&rft.pub=Grove+Broadcasting+Company+Ltd&rft.date=2024-04-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Firiefm.net%2Fflow-retires-2g-network%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2G" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-KDDI_JP-106"><a href="#cite_ref-KDDI_JP_106-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gigazine.net/gsc_news/en/20120418-au-cdma-1x/">"Au's "CDMA 1X" finished service on July 22, about 200 types of target models"</a>. gigazine.net. 18 April 2012. Retrieved 12 September 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Au%27s+%22CDMA+1X%22+finished+service+on+July+22%2C+about+200+types+of+target+models&rft.pub=gigazine.net&rft.date=2012-04-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgigazine.net%2Fgsc_news%2Fen%2F20120418-au-cdma-1x%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2G" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NTT_JP-107"><a href="#cite_ref-NTT_JP_107-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.commsupdate.com/articles/2009/01/30/docomos-nine-month-profits-up-16-announces-2g-shutdown-march-2012/">"DoCoMo's nine-month profits up 16%, announces 2G shutdown March 2012"</a>. TeleGeography. 30 January 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210119191112/https://www.commsupdate.com/articles/2009/01/30/docomos-nine-month-profits-up-16-announces-2g-shutdown-march-2012/">Archived</a> from the original on 19 January 2021. Retrieved 23 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=DoCoMo%27s+nine-month+profits+up+16%25%2C+announces+2G+shutdown+March+2012&rft.pub=TeleGeography&rft.date=2009-01-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.commsupdate.com%2Farticles%2F2009%2F01%2F30%2Fdocomos-nine-month-profits-up-16-announces-2g-shutdown-march-2012%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2G" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Softbank_JP-108"><a href="#cite_ref-Softbank_JP_108-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.softbank.jp/en/corp/group/sbm/news/press/2009/20091124_01/">"Discontinuation Notice of 2G Service"</a>. Softbank. 24 November 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210130194059/https://www.softbank.jp/en/corp/group/sbm/news/press/2009/20091124_01/">Archived</a> from the original on 30 January 2021. Retrieved 23 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Discontinuation+Notice+of+2G+Service&rft.pub=Softbank&rft.date=2009-11-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.softbank.jp%2Fen%2Fcorp%2Fgroup%2Fsbm%2Fnews%2Fpress%2F2009%2F20091124_01%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2G" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Umniah_JO-109"><a href="#cite_ref-Umniah_JO_109-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://developingtelecoms.com/telecom-technology/wireless-networks/10841-umniah-switching-off-2g-network-in-jordan.html">"Umniah switching off 2G network in Jordan"</a>. Developing Telecoms. 11 March 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220117185102/https://developingtelecoms.com/telecom-technology/wireless-networks/10841-umniah-switching-off-2g-network-in-jordan.html">Archived</a> from the original on 17 January 2022. Retrieved 18 September 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Umniah+switching+off+2G+network+in+Jordan&rft.pub=Developing+Telecoms&rft.date=2021-03-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdevelopingtelecoms.com%2Ftelecom-technology%2Fwireless-networks%2F10841-umniah-switching-off-2g-network-in-jordan.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2G" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-MO_1-110">^ <a href="#cite_ref-MO_1_110-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-MO_1_110-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-MO_1_110-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.commsupdate.com/articles/2013/10/29/macau-mobile-users-reach-1-56m-in-3q13-2g-users-number-less-than-5000-as-switch-off-looms/">"Macau mobile users reach 1.56m in 3Q13; 2G users number less than 5,000 as switch off looms"</a>. TeleGeography. 29 October 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210130005510/https://www.commsupdate.com/articles/2013/10/29/macau-mobile-users-reach-1-56m-in-3q13-2g-users-number-less-than-5000-as-switch-off-looms/">Archived</a> from the original on 30 January 2021. Retrieved 23 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Macau+mobile+users+reach+1.56m+in+3Q13%3B+2G+users+number+less+than+5%2C000+as+switch+off+looms&rft.pub=TeleGeography&rft.date=2013-10-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.commsupdate.com%2Farticles%2F2013%2F10%2F29%2Fmacau-mobile-users-reach-1-56m-in-3q13-2g-users-number-less-than-5000-as-switch-off-looms%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2G" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-MO_2-111">^ <a href="#cite_ref-MO_2_111-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-MO_2_111-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-MO_2_111-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.commsupdate.com/articles/2019/04/10/macau-to-shut-down-2g-networks-for-roaming-users/">"Macau to shut down 2G networks for roaming users"</a>. TeleGeography. 10 April 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210129052548/https://www.commsupdate.com/articles/2019/04/10/macau-to-shut-down-2g-networks-for-roaming-users/">Archived</a> from the original on 29 January 2021. Retrieved 23 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Macau+to+shut+down+2G+networks+for+roaming+users&rft.pub=TeleGeography&rft.date=2019-04-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.commsupdate.com%2Farticles%2F2019%2F04%2F10%2Fmacau-to-shut-down-2g-networks-for-roaming-users%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2G" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-MO_3-112"><a href="#cite_ref-MO_3_112-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.macaupostdaily.com/article6087.html">"Govt to allow telecoms to end 2G service"</a>. The Macau Post Daily. 9 April 2019. Retrieved 2 July 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Govt+to+allow+telecoms+to+end+2G+service&rft.pub=The+Macau+Post+Daily&rft.date=2019-04-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.macaupostdaily.com%2Farticle6087.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2G" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-AT&T_MX-113"><a href="#cite_ref-AT&T_MX_113-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.commsupdate.com/articles/2019/01/16/att-mexico-2g-switch-off-imminent-report-says/">"AT&T Mexico 2G switch-off imminent, report says"</a>. TeleGeography. 16 January 2019. Retrieved 14 April 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=AT%26T+Mexico+2G+switch-off+imminent%2C+report+says&rft.pub=TeleGeography&rft.date=2019-01-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.commsupdate.com%2Farticles%2F2019%2F01%2F16%2Fatt-mexico-2g-switch-off-imminent-report-says%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2G" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-MS_MX-114"><a href="#cite_ref-MS_MX_114-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.commsupdate.com/articles/2020/10/09/movistar-mexico-to-switch-off-2g-on-1-january-2021/">"Movistar Mexico to switch off 2G on 1 January 2021"</a>. TeleGeography. 9 October 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210118182122/https://www.commsupdate.com/articles/2020/10/09/movistar-mexico-to-switch-off-2g-on-1-january-2021/">Archived</a> from the original on 18 January 2021. Retrieved 14 April 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Movistar+Mexico+to+switch+off+2G+on+1+January+2021&rft.pub=TeleGeography&rft.date=2020-10-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.commsupdate.com%2Farticles%2F2020%2F10%2F09%2Fmovistar-mexico-to-switch-off-2g-on-1-january-2021%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2G" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-KPN_NL-115"><a href="#cite_ref-KPN_NL_115-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kpn.com/service/mobiel/from-2g-to-4g-and-5g">"Faster and safer - Join us on 4G and 5G"</a>. Royal KPN N.V. Retrieved 24 December 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Faster+and+safer+-+Join+us+on+4G+and+5G&rft.pub=Royal+KPN+N.V.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.kpn.com%2Fservice%2Fmobiel%2Ffrom-2g-to-4g-and-5g&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2G" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><a href="#cite_ref-116">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.commsupdate.com/articles/2020/10/19/t-mobile-netherlands-delays-consumer-2g-shutdown-to-jun-21-m2m-2g-continues-to-jun-23/">"T-Mobile Netherlands delays consumer 2G shutdown to Jun-21; M2M 2G continues to Jun-23"</a>. TeleGeography. 9 October 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210227010438/https://www.commsupdate.com/articles/2020/10/19/t-mobile-netherlands-delays-consumer-2g-shutdown-to-jun-21-m2m-2g-continues-to-jun-23/">Archived</a> from the original on 27 February 2021. Retrieved 23 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=T-Mobile+Netherlands+delays+consumer+2G+shutdown+to+Jun-21%3B+M2M+2G+continues+to+Jun-23&rft.pub=TeleGeography&rft.date=2020-10-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.commsupdate.com%2Farticles%2F2020%2F10%2F19%2Ft-mobile-netherlands-delays-consumer-2g-shutdown-to-jun-21-m2m-2g-continues-to-jun-23%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2G" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-OPT_NC-117"><a href="#cite_ref-OPT_NC_117-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.commsupdate.com/articles/2022/07/28/opt-nc-updates-on-2g-sunset-progress/">"OPT-NC updates on 2G sunset progress"</a>. TeleGeography. 28 July 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221126041311/https://www.commsupdate.com/articles/2022/07/28/opt-nc-updates-on-2g-sunset-progress/">Archived</a> from the original on 26 November 2022. Retrieved 26 November 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=OPT-NC+updates+on+2G+sunset+progress&rft.pub=TeleGeography&rft.date=2022-07-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.commsupdate.com%2Farticles%2F2022%2F07%2F28%2Fopt-nc-updates-on-2g-sunset-progress%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2G" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-118"><a href="#cite_ref-118">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.commsupdate.com/articles/2018/02/13/2degrees-2g-shuts-on-15-march/">"2degrees 2G shuts on 15 March"</a>. TeleGeography. 13 February 2018. Retrieved 23 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2degrees+2G+shuts+on+15+March&rft.pub=TeleGeography&rft.date=2018-02-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.commsupdate.com%2Farticles%2F2018%2F02%2F13%2F2degrees-2g-shuts-on-15-march%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2G" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Spark_NZ_1-119"><a href="#cite_ref-Spark_NZ_1_119-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.commsupdate.com/articles/2010/07/08/telecom-nz-to-close-cdma-network-by-mid-2012/">"Telecom NZ to close CDMA network by mid-2012"</a>. TeleGeography. 8 July 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210227041429/https://www.commsupdate.com/articles/2010/07/08/telecom-nz-to-close-cdma-network-by-mid-2012/">Archived</a> from the original on 27 February 2021. Retrieved 23 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Telecom+NZ+to+close+CDMA+network+by+mid-2012&rft.pub=TeleGeography&rft.date=2010-07-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.commsupdate.com%2Farticles%2F2010%2F07%2F08%2Ftelecom-nz-to-close-cdma-network-by-mid-2012%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2G" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Spark_NZ_2-120"><a href="#cite_ref-Spark_NZ_2_120-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nzherald.co.nz/business/telecom-closes-cdma-network/HUVTE22UMPOKCSH7FEG5ZQGTWU/">"Telecom closes CDMA network"</a>. TeleGeography. 31 July 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210120215913/https://www.nzherald.co.nz/business/telecom-closes-cdma-network/HUVTE22UMPOKCSH7FEG5ZQGTWU/">Archived</a> from the original on 20 January 2021. Retrieved 23 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Telecom+closes+CDMA+network&rft.pub=TeleGeography&rft.date=2012-07-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nzherald.co.nz%2Fbusiness%2Ftelecom-closes-cdma-network%2FHUVTE22UMPOKCSH7FEG5ZQGTWU%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2G" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-2G_SWO_NO-121">^ <a href="#cite_ref-2G_SWO_NO_121-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-2G_SWO_NO_121-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nkom.no/fysiske-nett-og-infrastruktur/informasjon-om-slukking-av-2g-i-2025">"Informasjon om slukking av 2G-nett i 2025"</a>. Nasjonal kommunikasjonsmyndighet (Nkom). 4 January 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220515135335/https://www.nkom.no/fysiske-nett-og-infrastruktur/informasjon-om-slukking-av-2g-i-2025">Archived</a> from the original on 15 May 2022. Retrieved 3 May 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Informasjon+om+slukking+av+2G-nett+i+2025&rft.pub=Nasjonal+kommunikasjonsmyndighet+%28Nkom%29&rft.date=2021-01-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nkom.no%2Ffysiske-nett-og-infrastruktur%2Finformasjon-om-slukking-av-2g-i-2025&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2G" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Digicel_PA_1-122"><a href="#cite_ref-Digicel_PA_1_122-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mobileworldlive.com/featured-content/top-three/digicel-ships-out-of-panama/">"Digicel ships out of Panama"</a>. GSMA Mobile World Live. 7 April 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240918231420/https://www.mobileworldlive.com/featured-content/top-three/digicel-ships-out-of-panama/">Archived</a> from the original on 18 September 2024. Retrieved 19 September 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Digicel+ships+out+of+Panama&rft.pub=GSMA+Mobile+World+Live&rft.date=2022-04-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mobileworldlive.com%2Ffeatured-content%2Ftop-three%2Fdigicel-ships-out-of-panama%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2G" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Digicel_PA_2-123"><a href="#cite_ref-Digicel_PA_2_123-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telecoms.com/public-policy/digicel-ditches-panama-as-m-a-kills-competition">"Digicel ditches Panama as M&A kills competition"</a>. telecoms.com. 7 April 2022. Retrieved 19 September 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Digicel+ditches+Panama+as+M%26A+kills+competition&rft.pub=telecoms.com&rft.date=2022-04-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telecoms.com%2Fpublic-policy%2Fdigicel-ditches-panama-as-m-a-kills-competition&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2G" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Digicel_PA_3-124"><a href="#cite_ref-Digicel_PA_3_124-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nearshoreamericas.com/digicel-panama-cws-claro/">"Digicel Leaves Panama After Government Clears C&W-Claro Merger"</a>. Nearshore Americas. 30 June 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240918231441/https://nearshoreamericas.com/digicel-panama-cws-claro/">Archived</a> from the original on 18 September 2024. Retrieved 19 September 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Digicel+Leaves+Panama+After+Government+Clears+C%26W-Claro+Merger&rft.pub=Nearshore+Americas&rft.date=2022-06-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnearshoreamericas.com%2Fdigicel-panama-cws-claro%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2G" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Digicel_PA_4-125"><a href="#cite_ref-Digicel_PA_4_125-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://developingtelecoms.com/telecom-business/operator-news/14725-panama-snags-bite-for-digicel-s-telecoms-licence.html">"Panama snags bite for Digicel's telecoms licence"</a>. Developing Telecoms. 17 March 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240417182122/https://developingtelecoms.com/telecom-business/operator-news/14725-panama-snags-bite-for-digicel-s-telecoms-licence.html">Archived</a> from the original on 17 April 2024. Retrieved 19 September 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Panama+snags+bite+for+Digicel%27s+telecoms+licence&rft.pub=Developing+Telecoms&rft.date=2023-03-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdevelopingtelecoms.com%2Ftelecom-business%2Foperator-news%2F14725-panama-snags-bite-for-digicel-s-telecoms-licence.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2G" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FLOW_KN-126"><a href="#cite_ref-FLOW_KN_126-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sknvibes.com/news/newsdetails.cfm/124000">"Flow to Upgrade Mobile Network 2G Network To Be Retired"</a>. SKNVibes. 4 April 2024. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240915112145/https://www.sknvibes.com/news/newsdetails.cfm/124000">Archived</a> from the original on 15 September 2024. Retrieved 15 September 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Flow+to+Upgrade+Mobile+Network+2G+Network+To+Be+Retired&rft.pub=SKNVibes&rft.date=2024-04-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sknvibes.com%2Fnews%2Fnewsdetails.cfm%2F124000&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2G" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FLOW_LC-127"><a href="#cite_ref-FLOW_LC_127-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ict-pulse.com/2024/09/end-of-an-era-the-decommissioning-of-2g-mobile-cellular-networks-in-the-caribbean/">"End of an era: The decommissioning of 2G mobile cellular networks in the caribbean"</a>. ICT Pulse & Choice TV Saint Lucia. 6 September 2024. Retrieved 13 October 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=End+of+an+era%3A+The+decommissioning+of+2G+mobile+cellular+networks+in+the+caribbean&rft.pub=ICT+Pulse+%26+Choice+TV+Saint+Lucia&rft.date=2024-09-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fict-pulse.com%2F2024%2F09%2Fend-of-an-era-the-decommissioning-of-2g-mobile-cellular-networks-in-the-caribbean%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2G" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FLOW_VC_1-128"><a href="#cite_ref-FLOW_VC_1_128-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://developingtelecoms.com/telecom-business/operator-news/15386-flow-plans-2g-shutdown-in-saint-vincent.html">"Flow plans 2G shutdown in Saint Vincent"</a>. Developing Telecoms. 21 August 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240912200532/https://developingtelecoms.com/telecom-business/operator-news/15386-flow-plans-2g-shutdown-in-saint-vincent.html">Archived</a> from the original on 12 September 2024. Retrieved 12 September 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Flow+plans+2G+shutdown+in+Saint+Vincent&rft.pub=Developing+Telecoms&rft.date=2023-08-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdevelopingtelecoms.com%2Ftelecom-business%2Foperator-news%2F15386-flow-plans-2g-shutdown-in-saint-vincent.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2G" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FLOW_VC_2-129"><a href="#cite_ref-FLOW_VC_2_129-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/flow-to-retire-2g-network-in-saint-vincent-and-the-grenadines/">"Flow to retire 2G network in Saint Vincent and the Grenadines"</a>. Data Centre Dynamics. 23 August 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231007093237/https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/flow-to-retire-2g-network-in-saint-vincent-and-the-grenadines/">Archived</a> from the original on 7 October 2023. Retrieved 12 September 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Flow+to+retire+2G+network+in+Saint+Vincent+and+the+Grenadines&rft.pub=Data+Centre+Dynamics&rft.date=2023-08-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.datacenterdynamics.com%2Fen%2Fnews%2Fflow-to-retire-2g-network-in-saint-vincent-and-the-grenadines%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2G" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FLOW_VC_3-130"><a href="#cite_ref-FLOW_VC_3_130-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://annsvg.com/index.php/2023/08/20/flow-retires-its-2g-network-to-bolster-3g-4g/">"Flow retires its 2G network to bolster 3G & 4G"</a>. Asbert News Network. 20 August 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240912201540/https://annsvg.com/index.php/2023/08/20/flow-retires-its-2g-network-to-bolster-3g-4g/">Archived</a> from the original on 12 September 2024. Retrieved 12 September 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Flow+retires+its+2G+network+to+bolster+3G+%26+4G&rft.pub=Asbert+News+Network&rft.date=2023-08-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fannsvg.com%2Findex.php%2F2023%2F08%2F20%2Fflow-retires-its-2g-network-to-bolster-3g-4g%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2G" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FLOW_VC_4-131"><a href="#cite_ref-FLOW_VC_4_131-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.stvincenttimes.com/flow-st-vincent-shutting-down-2g-network-upgrade-to-avoid-interruption/">"FLOW SVG shutting down 2G network, upgrade to avoid interruption"</a>. St. Vincent Times. 21 August 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240912201545/https://www.stvincenttimes.com/flow-st-vincent-shutting-down-2g-network-upgrade-to-avoid-interruption/">Archived</a> from the original on 12 September 2024. Retrieved 12 September 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=FLOW+SVG+shutting+down+2G+network%2C+upgrade+to+avoid+interruption&rft.pub=St.+Vincent+Times&rft.date=2023-08-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.stvincenttimes.com%2Fflow-st-vincent-shutting-down-2g-network-upgrade-to-avoid-interruption%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2G" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-2G_Shutdown_SG-132">^ <a href="#cite_ref-2G_Shutdown_SG_132-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-2G_Shutdown_SG_132-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-2G_Shutdown_SG_132-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.commsupdate.com/articles/2017/03/28/imda-2g-shutdown-will-start-on-1-april/">"IMDA: 2G shutdown will start on 1 April"</a>. TeleGeography. 28 March 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210124005500/https://www.commsupdate.com/articles/2017/03/28/imda-2g-shutdown-will-start-on-1-april/">Archived</a> from the original on 24 January 2021. Retrieved 23 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=IMDA%3A+2G+shutdown+will+start+on+1+April&rft.pub=TeleGeography&rft.date=2017-03-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.commsupdate.com%2Farticles%2F2017%2F03%2F28%2Fimda-2g-shutdown-will-start-on-1-april%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2G" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-TelCell_SX-133"><a href="#cite_ref-TelCell_SX_133-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.commsupdate.com/articles/2018/12/20/out-with-the-old-on-new-years-eve-telem-shuts-2g/">"Out with the old on New Year's Eve: TelEm shuts 2G"</a>. TeleGeography. 20 December 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220219224935/https://www.commsupdate.com/articles/2018/12/20/out-with-the-old-on-new-years-eve-telem-shuts-2g/">Archived</a> from the original on 19 February 2022. Retrieved 19 February 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Out+with+the+old+on+New+Year%27s+Eve%3A+TelEm+shuts+2G&rft.pub=TeleGeography&rft.date=2018-12-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.commsupdate.com%2Farticles%2F2018%2F12%2F20%2Fout-with-the-old-on-new-years-eve-telem-shuts-2g%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2G" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-UTS_SX-134"><a href="#cite_ref-UTS_SX_134-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.commsupdate.com/articles/2017/09/26/uts-not-turning-2g-network-back-on-post-hurricane-irma/">"UTS: not turning 2G network back on post-Hurricane Irma"</a>. TeleGeography. 26 September 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220219224934/https://www.commsupdate.com/articles/2017/09/26/uts-not-turning-2g-network-back-on-post-hurricane-irma/">Archived</a> from the original on 19 February 2022. Retrieved 19 February 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=UTS%3A+not+turning+2G+network+back+on+post-Hurricane+Irma&rft.pub=TeleGeography&rft.date=2017-09-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.commsupdate.com%2Farticles%2F2017%2F09%2F26%2Futs-not-turning-2g-network-back-on-post-hurricane-irma%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2G" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-2G_Shutdown_SA-135"><a href="#cite_ref-2G_Shutdown_SA_135-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.commsupdate.com/articles/2022/06/16/south-africa-to-ban-2g-devices-by-march-2023/">"South Africa to ban 2G devices by March 2023"</a>. TeleGeography. 16 June 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220616142330/https://www.commsupdate.com/articles/2022/06/16/south-africa-to-ban-2g-devices-by-march-2023/">Archived</a> from the original on 16 June 2022. Retrieved 19 June 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=South+Africa+to+ban+2G+devices+by+March+2023&rft.pub=TeleGeography&rft.date=2022-06-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.commsupdate.com%2Farticles%2F2022%2F06%2F16%2Fsouth-africa-to-ban-2g-devices-by-march-2023%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2G" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-2G_3G_Shutdown_SA_2-136"><a href="#cite_ref-2G_3G_Shutdown_SA_2_136-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.commsupdate.com/articles/2022/09/06/sa-comms-minister-proposes-2g3g-switch-offs-in-20242025/">"SA comms minister proposes 2G/3G switch-offs in 2024/2025"</a>. TeleGeography. 6 September 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240921114158/https://www.telegeography.com/login/login?service=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.commsupdate.com%2Farticles%2F2022%2F09%2F06%2Fsa-comms-minister-proposes-2g3g-switch-offs-in-20242025%2F">Archived</a> from the original on 21 September 2024. Retrieved 6 September 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=TeleGeography&rft.atitle=SA+comms+minister+proposes+2G%2F3G+switch-offs+in+2024%2F2025&rft.date=2022-09-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.commsupdate.com%2Farticles%2F2022%2F09%2F06%2Fsa-comms-minister-proposes-2g3g-switch-offs-in-20242025%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2G" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-KT_SK-137"><a href="#cite_ref-KT_SK_137-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.itpr.or.kr/include/asp/downloadPdf.asp?articleuid={488A63FE-B14B-4856-90D3-29DDAACE4D42}">"Terminating 2G Service in Korea: Policy Issues and Suggestions"</a>. International Telecommunications Policy Review. 1 March 2014. Retrieved 23 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Terminating+2G+Service+in+Korea%3A+Policy+Issues+and+Suggestions&rft.pub=International+Telecommunications+Policy+Review&rft.date=2014-03-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.itpr.or.kr%2Finclude%2Fasp%2FdownloadPdf.asp%3Farticleuid%3D%7B488A63FE-B14B-4856-90D3-29DDAACE4D42%7D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2G" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-LGU+_SK-138"><a href="#cite_ref-LGU+_SK_138-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=20210117000147">"S. Korea to end 2G network services by June"</a>. The Korea Herald. 17 January 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210709182321/http://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=20210117000147">Archived</a> from the original on 9 July 2021. Retrieved 23 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=S.+Korea+to+end+2G+network+services+by+June&rft.pub=The+Korea+Herald&rft.date=2021-01-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.koreaherald.com%2Fview.php%3Fud%3D20210117000147&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2G" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-SKT_JP-139"><a href="#cite_ref-SKT_JP_139-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.commsupdate.com/articles/2020/07/28/sk-telecoms-shutters-2g-service/">"SK Telecoms shutters 2G service"</a>. TeleGeography. 28 July 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210228004151/https://www.commsupdate.com/articles/2020/07/28/sk-telecoms-shutters-2g-service/">Archived</a> from the original on 28 February 2021. Retrieved 23 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=SK+Telecoms+shutters+2G+service&rft.pub=TeleGeography&rft.date=2020-07-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.commsupdate.com%2Farticles%2F2020%2F07%2F28%2Fsk-telecoms-shutters-2g-service%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2G" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-140"><a href="#cite_ref-140">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tele2.se/nedslackning-2g-3g">"Nedsläckning av 2G och 3G - Tele2"</a>. www.tele2.se (in Swedish). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240921113307/https://www.tele2.se/nedslackning-2g-3g">Archived</a> from the original on 21 September 2024. Retrieved 21 September 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.tele2.se&rft.atitle=Nedsl%C3%A4ckning+av+2G+och+3G+-+Tele2&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tele2.se%2Fnedslackning-2g-3g&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2G" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-141"><a href="#cite_ref-141">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telenor.se/press/pressmeddelande/80ABBD648BD72C0A">"Sverige släcker 2G och 3G – Telenor med i informationskampanjen Bytnät.nu"</a>. www.telenor.se (in Swedish). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240921113309/https://www.telenor.se/press/pressmeddelande/80ABBD648BD72C0A">Archived</a> from the original on 21 September 2024. Retrieved 21 September 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.telenor.se&rft.atitle=Sverige+sl%C3%A4cker+2G+och+3G+%E2%80%93+Telenor+med+i+informationskampanjen+Bytn%C3%A4t.nu&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telenor.se%2Fpress%2Fpressmeddelande%2F80ABBD648BD72C0A&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2G" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-142"><a href="#cite_ref-142">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://telenor.se/om-telenor/digitalisering/varfor-stanger-vi-3g-natet/">"3G-nätet | Telenor"</a>. www.telenor.se (in Swedish). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240921113307/https://telenor.se/om-telenor/digitalisering/varfor-stanger-vi-3g-natet/">Archived</a> from the original on 21 September 2024. Retrieved 21 September 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.telenor.se&rft.atitle=3G-n%C3%A4tet+%7C+Telenor&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftelenor.se%2Fom-telenor%2Fdigitalisering%2Fvarfor-stanger-vi-3g-natet%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2G" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-143"><a href="#cite_ref-143">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://press.telia.se/news/telia-och-oevriga-i-branschen-saeger-adjoe-till-2g-och-3g-byt-naet-nu-478670">"Telia och övriga i branschen säger adjö till 2G och 3G - byt nät nu!"</a>. Mynewsdesk (in Swedish). 30 January 2024. Retrieved 21 September 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Mynewsdesk&rft.atitle=Telia+och+%C3%B6vriga+i+branschen+s%C3%A4ger+adj%C3%B6+till+2G+och+3G+-+byt+n%C3%A4t+nu%21&rft.date=2024-01-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpress.telia.se%2Fnews%2Ftelia-och-oevriga-i-branschen-saeger-adjoe-till-2g-och-3g-byt-naet-nu-478670&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2G" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-144"><a href="#cite_ref-144">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://press.telia.se/pressreleases/telia-skjuter-upp-nedstaengningen-av-2g-naetet-till-2027-3325928">"Telia skjuter upp nedstängningen av 2G-nätet till 2027"</a>. Mynewsdesk (in Swedish). 30 May 2024. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240921113305/https://press.telia.se/pressreleases/telia-skjuter-upp-nedstaengningen-av-2g-naetet-till-2027-3325928">Archived</a> from the original on 21 September 2024. Retrieved 21 September 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Mynewsdesk&rft.atitle=Telia+skjuter+upp+nedst%C3%A4ngningen+av+2G-n%C3%A4tet+till+2027&rft.date=2024-05-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpress.telia.se%2Fpressreleases%2Ftelia-skjuter-upp-nedstaengningen-av-2g-naetet-till-2027-3325928&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2G" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Salt_CH_1-145"><a href="#cite_ref-Salt_CH_1_145-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.watson.ch/digital/schweiz/853324977-das-aus-fuer-uralt-handys-kommt-2020-wird-das-2g-netz-abgeschaltet">"Salt und Swisscom besiegeln das Aus für Uralt-Handys – 2020 wird das 2G-Netz abgeschaltet"</a> (in German). watson. 7 April 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210129071125/https://www.watson.ch/digital/schweiz/853324977-das-aus-fuer-uralt-handys-kommt-2020-wird-das-2g-netz-abgeschaltet">Archived</a> from the original on 29 January 2021. Retrieved 23 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Salt+und+Swisscom+besiegeln+das+Aus+f%C3%BCr+Uralt-Handys+%E2%80%93+2020+wird+das+2G-Netz+abgeschaltet&rft.pub=watson&rft.date=2017-04-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.watson.ch%2Fdigital%2Fschweiz%2F853324977-das-aus-fuer-uralt-handys-kommt-2020-wird-das-2g-netz-abgeschaltet&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2G" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Salt_CH_2-146"><a href="#cite_ref-Salt_CH_2_146-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.teltarif.de/schweiz-abschaltung-2g-salt/news/81046.html">"Schweiz: GSM-Netz bei Salt noch nicht ganz weg"</a> (in German). Teltarif.de. 23 June 2020. Retrieved 23 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Schweiz%3A+GSM-Netz+bei+Salt+noch+nicht+ganz+weg&rft.pub=Teltarif.de&rft.date=2020-06-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.teltarif.de%2Fschweiz-abschaltung-2g-salt%2Fnews%2F81046.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2G" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Salt_CH_3-147"><a href="#cite_ref-Salt_CH_3_147-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.heise.de/news/GSM-Mobilfunk-Die-Schweiz-schaltet-ab-5000513.html">"GSM-Mobilfunk: Die Schweiz schaltet ab"</a> (in German). heise online. 29 December 2020. Retrieved 20 December 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=GSM-Mobilfunk%3A+Die+Schweiz+schaltet+ab&rft.pub=heise+online&rft.date=2020-12-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.heise.de%2Fnews%2FGSM-Mobilfunk-Die-Schweiz-schaltet-ab-5000513.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2G" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sunrise_CH_1-148"><a href="#cite_ref-Sunrise_CH_1_148-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.commsupdate.com/articles/2017/06/20/sun-sets-on-2g-technology-for-swiss-cellco/">"Sun sets on 2G technology for Swiss cellco"</a>. TeleGeography. 20 June 2017. Retrieved 23 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sun+sets+on+2G+technology+for+Swiss+cellco&rft.pub=TeleGeography&rft.date=2017-06-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.commsupdate.com%2Farticles%2F2017%2F06%2F20%2Fsun-sets-on-2g-technology-for-swiss-cellco%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2G" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sunrise_CH_02-149"><a href="#cite_ref-Sunrise_CH_02_149-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.teltarif.de/gsm-2g-abschaltung-technik-sunrise-swisscom-salt-schweiz/news/74771.html">"Schweiz: Sunrise schaltet 2G vorerst doch nicht ab"</a> (in German). Teltarif.de. 23 November 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210413234150/https://www.teltarif.de/gsm-2g-abschaltung-technik-sunrise-swisscom-salt-schweiz/news/74771.html">Archived</a> from the original on 13 April 2021. Retrieved 14 April 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Schweiz%3A+Sunrise+schaltet+2G+vorerst+doch+nicht+ab&rft.pub=Teltarif.de&rft.date=2018-11-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.teltarif.de%2Fgsm-2g-abschaltung-technik-sunrise-swisscom-salt-schweiz%2Fnews%2F74771.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2G" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sunrise_CH_3-150"><a href="#cite_ref-Sunrise_CH_3_150-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.teltarif.de/gsm-abschaltung-schweiz/news/81021.html">"Abschaltung: Die Tage von GSM sind in der Schweiz gezählt"</a> (in German). Teltarif.de. 20 June 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210130233249/https://www.teltarif.de/gsm-abschaltung-schweiz/news/81021.html">Archived</a> from the original on 30 January 2021. Retrieved 23 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Abschaltung%3A+Die+Tage+von+GSM+sind+in+der+Schweiz+gez%C3%A4hlt&rft.pub=Teltarif.de&rft.date=2020-06-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.teltarif.de%2Fgsm-abschaltung-schweiz%2Fnews%2F81021.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2G" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-SC_CH_01-151"><a href="#cite_ref-SC_CH_01_151-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fiercewireless.com/europe/swisscom-plots-end-2g-as-it-moves-to-launch-5g-2020">"Swisscom plots the end of 2G as it moves to launch 5G in 2020"</a>. Fierce Wireless. 9 October 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210130232352/https://www.fiercewireless.com/europe/swisscom-plots-end-2g-as-it-moves-to-launch-5g-2020">Archived</a> from the original on 30 January 2021. Retrieved 23 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Swisscom+plots+the+end+of+2G+as+it+moves+to+launch+5G+in+2020&rft.pub=Fierce+Wireless&rft.date=2016-10-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fiercewireless.com%2Feurope%2Fswisscom-plots-end-2g-as-it-moves-to-launch-5g-2020&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2G" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-SC_CH_02-152"><a href="#cite_ref-SC_CH_02_152-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.teltarif.de/schweiz-gsm-abschaltung/news/84102.html">"Swisscom schaltet GSM-Netz komplett ab"</a> (in German). Teltarif.de. 13 April 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210413234151/https://www.teltarif.de/schweiz-gsm-abschaltung/news/84102.html">Archived</a> from the original on 13 April 2021. Retrieved 14 April 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Swisscom+schaltet+GSM-Netz+komplett+ab&rft.pub=Teltarif.de&rft.date=2021-04-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.teltarif.de%2Fschweiz-gsm-abschaltung%2Fnews%2F84102.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2G" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-SC_CH_03-153"><a href="#cite_ref-SC_CH_03_153-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.golem.de/news/schweiz-swisscom-hat-refarming-von-gsm-abgeschlossen-2104-155701.html">"Swisscom hat Refarming von GSM abgeschlossen"</a> (in German). Golem.de. 13 April 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210501134447/https://www.golem.de/news/schweiz-swisscom-hat-refarming-von-gsm-abgeschlossen-2104-155701.html">Archived</a> from the original on 1 May 2021. Retrieved 14 April 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Swisscom+hat+Refarming+von+GSM+abgeschlossen&rft.pub=Golem.de&rft.date=2021-04-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.golem.de%2Fnews%2Fschweiz-swisscom-hat-refarming-von-gsm-abgeschlossen-2104-155701.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2G" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-TW-154">^ <a href="#cite_ref-TW_154-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-TW_154-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-TW_154-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.commsupdate.com/articles/2017/07/03/taiwanese-cellcos-shutter-2g-networks/">"Taiwanese cellcos shutter 2G networks"</a>. TeleGeography. 3 July 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210128233613/https://www.commsupdate.com/articles/2017/07/03/taiwanese-cellcos-shutter-2g-networks/">Archived</a> from the original on 28 January 2021. Retrieved 23 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Taiwanese+cellcos+shutter+2G+networks&rft.pub=TeleGeography&rft.date=2017-07-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.commsupdate.com%2Farticles%2F2017%2F07%2F03%2Ftaiwanese-cellcos-shutter-2g-networks%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2G" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Digicel_TT_1-155"><a href="#cite_ref-Digicel_TT_1_155-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tt.loopnews.com/content/digicel-decommission-2g-network">"Digicel to decommission 2G network"</a>. Loop News by Digicel. 10 November 2023. Retrieved 10 November 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Digicel+to+decommission+2G+network&rft.pub=Loop+News+by+Digicel&rft.date=2023-11-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftt.loopnews.com%2Fcontent%2Fdigicel-decommission-2g-network&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2G" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Digicel_TT_2-156"><a href="#cite_ref-Digicel_TT_2_156-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.commsupdate.com/articles/2023/11/13/digicel-to-shut-down-trinidadian-2g-network-on-31-march-2024/">"Digicel to shut down Trinidadian 2G network on 31 March 2024"</a>. TeleGeography. 13 November 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231118200523/https://www.commsupdate.com/articles/2023/11/13/digicel-to-shut-down-trinidadian-2g-network-on-31-march-2024/">Archived</a> from the original on 18 November 2023. Retrieved 18 November 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Digicel+to+shut+down+Trinidadian+2G+network+on+31+March+2024&rft.pub=TeleGeography&rft.date=2023-11-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.commsupdate.com%2Farticles%2F2023%2F11%2F13%2Fdigicel-to-shut-down-trinidadian-2g-network-on-31-march-2024%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2G" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Digicel_TT_3-157"><a href="#cite_ref-Digicel_TT_3_157-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.digicelgroup.com/tt/en/network">"Network - Frequently Asked Questions - Why are we decommissioning 2G services on our Network? What are the benefits to the customers?"</a>. Digicel Trinidad and Tobago. 31 March 2024. Retrieved 9 November 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Network+-+Frequently+Asked+Questions+-+Why+are+we+decommissioning+2G+services+on+our+Network%3F+What+are+the+benefits+to+the+customers%3F&rft.pub=Digicel+Trinidad+and+Tobago&rft.date=2024-03-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.digicelgroup.com%2Ftt%2Fen%2Fnetwork&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2G" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-SM_Frequencies_TT-158"><a href="#cite_ref-SM_Frequencies_TT_158-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.spectrummonitoring.com/frequencies.php/frequencies.php?market=TRD">"spectrummonitoring.com - Trinidad and Tobago"</a>. spectrummonitoring.com. 25 November 2022. Retrieved 15 September 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=spectrummonitoring.com+-+Trinidad+and+Tobago&rft.pub=spectrummonitoring.com&rft.date=2022-11-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.spectrummonitoring.com%2Ffrequencies.php%2Ffrequencies.php%3Fmarket%3DTRD&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2G" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-bmobile_TT-159"><a href="#cite_ref-bmobile_TT_159-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://technewstt.com/tstt-2g-sunset/">"TSTT prepares for 2G sunset"</a>. TechNewsTT. 23 August 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908235204/https://technewstt.com/tstt-2g-sunset/">Archived</a> from the original on 8 September 2024. Retrieved 9 September 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=TSTT+prepares+for+2G+sunset&rft.pub=TechNewsTT&rft.date=2018-08-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftechnewstt.com%2Ftstt-2g-sunset%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2G" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-SM_Frequencies_TC-160"><a href="#cite_ref-SM_Frequencies_TC_160-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.spectrummonitoring.com/frequencies.php/frequencies.php?market=TCA">"spectrummonitoring.com - Turcks and Caicos Islands (GB)"</a>. spectrummonitoring.com. 10 April 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240915001753/https://www.spectrummonitoring.com/frequencies.php/frequencies.php?market=TCA">Archived</a> from the original on 15 September 2024. Retrieved 15 September 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=spectrummonitoring.com+-+Turcks+and+Caicos+Islands+%28GB%29&rft.pub=spectrummonitoring.com&rft.date=2023-04-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.spectrummonitoring.com%2Ffrequencies.php%2Ffrequencies.php%3Fmarket%3DTCA&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2G" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FLOW_TC-161"><a href="#cite_ref-FLOW_TC_161-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newslinetci.com/post/flow-commences-phased-shutdown-of-2g-mobile-network">"Flow commences Phased Shutdown of 2G Mobile Network"</a>. NewslineTCI. 26 March 2024. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240911191958/https://www.newslinetci.com/post/flow-commences-phased-shutdown-of-2g-mobile-network">Archived</a> from the original on 11 September 2024. Retrieved 11 September 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Flow+commences+Phased+Shutdown+of+2G+Mobile+Network&rft.pub=NewslineTCI&rft.date=2024-03-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newslinetci.com%2Fpost%2Fflow-commences-phased-shutdown-of-2g-mobile-network&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2G" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-162"><a href="#cite_ref-162">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.du.ae/2g-shutdown">"du - 2G Shutdown"</a>. du. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231015015925/https://www.du.ae/2g-shutdown">Archived</a> from the original on 15 October 2023. Retrieved 7 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=du+-+2G+Shutdown&rft.pub=du&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.du.ae%2F2g-shutdown&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2G" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-163"><a href="#cite_ref-163">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.etisalat.ae/en/c/generic/goodbye-2g.html">"Etisalat UAE -Goodbye 2G"</a>. Etisalat UAE. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231015015925/https://www.etisalat.ae/en/c/generic/goodbye-2g.html">Archived</a> from the original on 15 October 2023. Retrieved 7 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Etisalat+UAE+-Goodbye+2G&rft.pub=Etisalat+UAE&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.etisalat.ae%2Fen%2Fc%2Fgeneric%2Fgoodbye-2g.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2G" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-2G_Shutdown_UK-164"><a href="#cite_ref-2G_Shutdown_UK_164-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.techradar.com/news/uk-2g-and-3g-networks-will-be-switched-off-by-2033">"UK 2G and 3G networks will be switched off by 2033"</a>. Techradar. 8 December 2021. Retrieved 3 March 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=UK+2G+and+3G+networks+will+be+switched+off+by+2033&rft.pub=Techradar&rft.date=2021-12-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.techradar.com%2Fnews%2Fuk-2g-and-3g-networks-will-be-switched-off-by-2033&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2G" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ofcom_UK-165"><a href="#cite_ref-Ofcom_UK_165-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ofcom.org.uk/phones-telecoms-and-internet/advice-for-consumers/advice/3g-switch-off">"Switching off the UK's 3G mobile networks: what you need to know"</a>. Ofcom. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231116183441/https://www.ofcom.org.uk/phones-telecoms-and-internet/advice-for-consumers/advice/3g-switch-off">Archived</a> from the original on 16 November 2023. Retrieved 16 November 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Switching+off+the+UK%27s+3G+mobile+networks%3A+what+you+need+to+know&rft.pub=Ofcom&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ofcom.org.uk%2Fphones-telecoms-and-internet%2Fadvice-for-consumers%2Fadvice%2F3g-switch-off&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2G" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gov_UK-166"><a href="#cite_ref-Gov_UK_166-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gov.uk/government/news/a-joint-statement-on-the-sunsetting-of-2g-and-3g-networks-and-public-ambition-for-open-ran-rollout-as-part-of-the-telecoms-supply-chain-diversificatio">"A joint statement on the sunsetting of 2G and 3G networks and public ambition for Open RAN rollout as part of the Telecoms Supply Chain Diversification Strategy"</a>. Gov.uk. 8 December 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231116183440/https://www.gov.uk/government/news/a-joint-statement-on-the-sunsetting-of-2g-and-3g-networks-and-public-ambition-for-open-ran-rollout-as-part-of-the-telecoms-supply-chain-diversificatio">Archived</a> from the original on 16 November 2023. Retrieved 16 November 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=A+joint+statement+on+the+sunsetting+of+2G+and+3G+networks+and+public+ambition+for+Open+RAN+rollout+as+part+of+the+Telecoms+Supply+Chain+Diversification+Strategy&rft.date=2021-12-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gov.uk%2Fgovernment%2Fnews%2Fa-joint-statement-on-the-sunsetting-of-2g-and-3g-networks-and-public-ambition-for-open-ran-rollout-as-part-of-the-telecoms-supply-chain-diversificatio&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2G" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-AT&T_D-AMPS_US-167"><a href="#cite_ref-AT&T_D-AMPS_US_167-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.phonescoop.com/articles/article.php?a=2247">"AT&T Starts TDMA Shutdown"</a>. Phone Scoop. 19 June 2007. Retrieved 26 February 2025.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=AT%26T+Starts+TDMA+Shutdown&rft.pub=Phone+Scoop&rft.date=2007-06-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.phonescoop.com%2Farticles%2Farticle.php%3Fa%3D2247&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2G" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-AT&T_US-168"><a href="#cite_ref-AT&T_US_168-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.commsupdate.com/articles/2017/01/18/att-confirms-2g-shutdown-took-place-on-1-january/">"AT&T confirms 2G shutdown took place on 1 January"</a>. TeleGeography. 18 January 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200923224656/https://www.commsupdate.com/articles/2017/01/18/att-confirms-2g-shutdown-took-place-on-1-january/">Archived</a> from the original on 23 September 2020. Retrieved 23 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=AT%26T+confirms+2G+shutdown+took+place+on+1+January&rft.pub=TeleGeography&rft.date=2017-01-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.commsupdate.com%2Farticles%2F2017%2F01%2F18%2Fatt-confirms-2g-shutdown-took-place-on-1-january%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2G" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cellcom_US-169"><a href="#cite_ref-Cellcom_US_169-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.commsupdate.com/articles/2023/09/20/regional-us-mobile-operator-cellcom-to-switch-off-2g-on-1-december-3g-was-deactivated-in-march/">"Regional US mobile operator Cellcom to switch off 2G on 1 December; 3G was deactivated in March"</a>. TeleGeography. 20 September 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231004025357/https://www.commsupdate.com/articles/2023/09/20/regional-us-mobile-operator-cellcom-to-switch-off-2g-on-1-december-3g-was-deactivated-in-march/">Archived</a> from the original on 4 October 2023. Retrieved 2 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Regional+US+mobile+operator+Cellcom+to+switch+off+2G+on+1+December%3B+3G+was+deactivated+in+March&rft.pub=TeleGeography&rft.date=2023-09-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.commsupdate.com%2Farticles%2F2023%2F09%2F20%2Fregional-us-mobile-operator-cellcom-to-switch-off-2g-on-1-december-3g-was-deactivated-in-march%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2G" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-170"><a href="#cite_ref-170">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.choice-wireless.com/upgrade-today.html">"Upgrade Your Device Today"</a>. Choice Wireless. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240125091510/https://www.choice-wireless.com/upgrade-today.html">Archived</a> from the original on 25 January 2024. Retrieved 5 February 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Upgrade+Your+Device+Today&rft.pub=Choice+Wireless&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.choice-wireless.com%2Fupgrade-today.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2G" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-171"><a href="#cite_ref-171">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cvtc.org/news/cdma-sunset/">"CDMA Sunset"</a>. Copper Valley Telecom. 6 January 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240222190144/https://www.cvtc.org/news/cdma-sunset/">Archived</a> from the original on 22 February 2024. Retrieved 22 February 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=CDMA+Sunset&rft.pub=Copper+Valley+Telecom&rft.date=2023-01-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cvtc.org%2Fnews%2Fcdma-sunset%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2G" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-172"><a href="#cite_ref-172">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070315194659/http://edgewireless.com/customerService/tdmaGsmFAQ.html">"Edge Wireless - TDMA Network Changing to GSM/GPRS FAQs"</a>. Edge Wireless, LLC. 15 March 2007. Retrieved 26 February 2025.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Edge+Wireless+-+TDMA+Network+Changing+to+GSM%2FGPRS+FAQs&rft.pub=Edge+Wireless%2C+LLC.&rft.date=2007-03-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20070315194659%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fedgewireless.com%2FcustomerService%2FtdmaGsmFAQ.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2G" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-TMUS_US_1-173"><a href="#cite_ref-TMUS_US_1_173-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lightreading.com/5g/t-mobile-to-finally-turn-off-2g-in-2024">"T-Mobile to finally turn off 2G in 2024"</a>. LightReading. 15 February 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231103224522/https://www.lightreading.com/5g/t-mobile-to-finally-turn-off-2g-in-2024">Archived</a> from the original on 3 November 2023. Retrieved 3 November 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=T-Mobile+to+finally+turn+off+2G+in+2024&rft.pub=LightReading&rft.date=2023-02-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lightreading.com%2F5g%2Ft-mobile-to-finally-turn-off-2g-in-2024&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2G" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-TMUS_US_2-174"><a href="#cite_ref-TMUS_US_2_174-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/t-mobile-kicks-off-2g-shutdown-in-us/">"T-Mobile kicks off 2G shutdown in US"</a>. Data Centre Dynamics Ltd (DCD). 19 February 2025. Retrieved 23 February 2025.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=T-Mobile+kicks+off+2G+shutdown+in+US&rft.pub=Data+Centre+Dynamics+Ltd+%28DCD%29&rft.date=2025-02-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.datacenterdynamics.com%2Fen%2Fnews%2Ft-mobile-kicks-off-2g-shutdown-in-us%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2G" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-TM_CDMA_Shutdown_US_1-175"><a href="#cite_ref-TM_CDMA_Shutdown_US_1_175-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.commsupdate.com/articles/2020/12/10/t-mobile-aiming-to-shut-down-legacy-sprint-networks-in-2022/">"T-Mobile aiming to shut down legacy Sprint networks in 2022"</a>. TeleGeography. 10 December 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210304225258/https://www.commsupdate.com/articles/2020/12/10/t-mobile-aiming-to-shut-down-legacy-sprint-networks-in-2022/">Archived</a> from the original on 4 March 2021. Retrieved 23 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=T-Mobile+aiming+to+shut+down+legacy+Sprint+networks+in+2022&rft.pub=TeleGeography&rft.date=2020-12-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.commsupdate.com%2Farticles%2F2020%2F12%2F10%2Ft-mobile-aiming-to-shut-down-legacy-sprint-networks-in-2022%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2G" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-TM_Shutdown_Timeline_2G_3G_US-176"><a href="#cite_ref-TM_Shutdown_Timeline_2G_3G_US_176-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.commsupdate.com/articles/2021/09/17/t-mobile-us-to-shut-down-3g-network-on-1-july-2022/">"T-Mobile US to shut down 3G network on 1 July 2022"</a>. TeleGeography. 17 September 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220414193658/https://www.commsupdate.com/articles/2021/09/17/t-mobile-us-to-shut-down-3g-network-on-1-july-2022/">Archived</a> from the original on 14 April 2022. Retrieved 18 September 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=T-Mobile+US+to+shut+down+3G+network+on+1+July+2022&rft.pub=TeleGeography&rft.date=2021-09-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.commsupdate.com%2Farticles%2F2021%2F09%2F17%2Ft-mobile-us-to-shut-down-3g-network-on-1-july-2022%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2G" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-TM_CDMA_Shutdown_US_2-177"><a href="#cite_ref-TM_CDMA_Shutdown_US_2_177-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.commsupdate.com/articles/2021/10/25/t-mobile-delays-cdma-shutdown-by-three-months/">"T-Mobile delays CDMA shutdown by three months"</a>. TeleGeography. 25 October 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220414183723/https://www.commsupdate.com/articles/2021/10/25/t-mobile-delays-cdma-shutdown-by-three-months/">Archived</a> from the original on 14 April 2022. Retrieved 1 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=T-Mobile+delays+CDMA+shutdown+by+three+months&rft.pub=TeleGeography&rft.date=2021-10-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.commsupdate.com%2Farticles%2F2021%2F10%2F25%2Ft-mobile-delays-cdma-shutdown-by-three-months%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2G" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-TM_CDMA_Shutdown_US_3-178"><a href="#cite_ref-TM_CDMA_Shutdown_US_3_178-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.commsupdate.com/articles/2022/03/31/t-mobile-us-commences-cdma-shutdown-expands-5g-home-internet-footprint/">"T-Mobile US commences CDMA shutdown; expands 5G Home Internet footprint"</a>. TeleGeography. 31 March 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220331111936/https://www.commsupdate.com/articles/2022/03/31/t-mobile-us-commences-cdma-shutdown-expands-5g-home-internet-footprint/">Archived</a> from the original on 31 March 2022. Retrieved 31 March 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=T-Mobile+US+commences+CDMA+shutdown%3B+expands+5G+Home+Internet+footprint&rft.pub=TeleGeography&rft.date=2022-03-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.commsupdate.com%2Farticles%2F2022%2F03%2F31%2Ft-mobile-us-commences-cdma-shutdown-expands-5g-home-internet-footprint%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2G" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-USC_DAMPS_US-179"><a href="#cite_ref-USC_DAMPS_US_179-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://s24.q4cdn.com/321867585/files/doc_financials/archive/US-Cellular-2009-Annual-Report.pdf">"US-Cellular-2009-Annual-Report"</a> (PDF). US-Cellular. 6 April 2010. Retrieved 5 March 2025.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=US-Cellular-2009-Annual-Report&rft.pub=US-Cellular&rft.date=2010-04-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fs24.q4cdn.com%2F321867585%2Ffiles%2Fdoc_financials%2Farchive%2FUS-Cellular-2009-Annual-Report.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2G" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-USC_US_1-180"><a href="#cite_ref-USC_US_1_180-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://telecomtalk.info/uscellular-to-expand-cellular-service-rural-missouri/893813/">"USCellular to Expand Cellular Service in Rural Missouri With USD 5.8 Million Grant"</a>. Telecom Talk. 6 November 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231118200314/https://telecomtalk.info/uscellular-to-expand-cellular-service-rural-missouri/893813/">Archived</a> from the original on 18 November 2023. Retrieved 18 November 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=USCellular+to+Expand+Cellular+Service+in+Rural+Missouri+With+USD+5.8+Million+Grant&rft.pub=Telecom+Talk&rft.date=2023-11-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftelecomtalk.info%2Fuscellular-to-expand-cellular-service-rural-missouri%2F893813%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2G" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-USC_US_2-181"><a href="#cite_ref-USC_US_2_181-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.commsupdate.com/articles/2023/12/01/uscellular-to-switch-off-cdma-network-on-14-january-2024/">"UScellular to switch off CDMA network on 14 January 2024"</a>. TeleGeography. 1 December 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231202003837/https://www.commsupdate.com/articles/2023/12/01/uscellular-to-switch-off-cdma-network-on-14-january-2024/">Archived</a> from the original on 2 December 2023. Retrieved 2 December 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=UScellular+to+switch+off+CDMA+network+on+14+January+2024&rft.pub=TeleGeography&rft.date=2023-12-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.commsupdate.com%2Farticles%2F2023%2F12%2F01%2Fuscellular-to-switch-off-cdma-network-on-14-january-2024%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2G" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Verizon_US-182"><a href="#cite_ref-Verizon_US_182-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.commsupdate.com/articles/2021/03/31/verizon-to-shut-down-3g-cdma-networks-on-31-december-2022/">"Verizon to shut down 3G CDMA networks on 31 December 2022"</a>. TeleGeography. 31 March 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210401160348/https://www.commsupdate.com/articles/2021/03/31/verizon-to-shut-down-3g-cdma-networks-on-31-december-2022/">Archived</a> from the original on 1 April 2021. Retrieved 14 April 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Verizon+to+shut+down+3G+CDMA+networks+on+31+December+2022&rft.pub=TeleGeography&rft.date=2021-03-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.commsupdate.com%2Farticles%2F2021%2F03%2F31%2Fverizon-to-shut-down-3g-cdma-networks-on-31-december-2022%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2G" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-2G_Shutdown_VE-183">^ <a href="#cite_ref-2G_Shutdown_VE_183-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-2G_Shutdown_VE_183-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-2G_Shutdown_VE_183-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.commsupdate.com/articles/2023/06/27/venezuela-aims-to-phase-out-2g-in-2025-targets-1-8m-fibre-subs-by-that-date/">"Venezuela aims to phase out 2G in 2025; targets 1.8m fibre subs by that date"</a>. TeleGeography. 27 June 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230708200914/https://www.commsupdate.com/articles/2023/06/27/venezuela-aims-to-phase-out-2g-in-2025-targets-1-8m-fibre-subs-by-that-date/">Archived</a> from the original on 8 July 2023. Retrieved 8 July 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Venezuela+aims+to+phase+out+2G+in+2025%3B+targets+1.8m+fibre+subs+by+that+date&rft.pub=TeleGeography&rft.date=2023-06-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.commsupdate.com%2Farticles%2F2023%2F06%2F27%2Fvenezuela-aims-to-phase-out-2g-in-2025-targets-1-8m-fibre-subs-by-that-date%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2G" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-184"><a href="#cite_ref-184">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.digitel.com.ve/atencion-al-cliente/informacion-al-usuario">"Información  al usuario"</a> [Information for Users] (in Spanish). Digitel. February 2024. Retrieved 3 April 2025.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Informaci%C3%B3n+%E2%80%A8al+usuario&rft.pub=Digitel&rft.date=2024-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.digitel.com.ve%2Fatencion-al-cliente%2Finformacion-al-usuario&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2G" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-2G_Shutdown_VN-185">^ <a href="#cite_ref-2G_Shutdown_VN_185-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-2G_Shutdown_VN_185-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-2G_Shutdown_VN_185-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-2G_Shutdown_VN_185-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://vneconomy.vn/2g-network-switched-off-by-the-end-of-october-15.htm">"2G network switched off by the end of October 15"</a>. VnEconomy. 17 September 2024. Retrieved 12 October 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2G+network+switched+off+by+the+end+of+October+15&rft.pub=VnEconomy&rft.date=2024-09-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvneconomy.vn%2F2g-network-switched-off-by-the-end-of-october-15.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2G" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/1G" title="1G">1st Generation (1G)</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/Mobile_telephony" title="Mobile telephony">Mobile Telephony Generations</a> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/3G" title="3G">3rd Generation (3G)</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Cellular_network_standards736" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Cellular_network_standards" title="Template:Cellular network standards"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Cellular_network_standards" title="Template talk:Cellular network standards"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Cellular_network_standards" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Cellular network standards"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Cellular_network_standards736" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Cellular_network" title="Cellular network">Cellular network</a> standards</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/List_of_mobile_phone_generations" class="mw-redirect" title="List of mobile phone generations">List of mobile phone generations</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mobile_radio_telephone" title="Mobile radio telephone">0G</a> <a href="/wiki/Radiotelephone" title="Radiotelephone">radio telephones</a> (1946)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_Telephone_Service" title="Mobile Telephone Service">MTS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Improved_Mobile_Telephone_Service" title="Improved Mobile Telephone Service">IMTS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Altai_(mobile_telephone_system)" title="Altai (mobile telephone system)">Altai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OLT_(mobile_network)" title="OLT (mobile network)">OLT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MTD_(mobile_network)" title="MTD (mobile network)">MTA - MTB - MTC - MTD</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mobile_TeleSeratout&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mobile TeleSeratout (page does not exist)">Mobile TeleSeratout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Mobile_Telephone_System" title="Advanced Mobile Telephone System">AMTS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autotel" title="Autotel">Autotel (PALM)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autoradiopuhelin" title="Autoradiopuhelin">ARP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B-Netz" title="B-Netz">B-Netz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AMR_radiotelephone_network_(Czechoslovakia)" title="AMR radiotelephone network (Czechoslovakia)">AMR</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/1G" title="1G">1G</a> (1979)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Mobile_Phone_System" title="Advanced Mobile Phone System">AMPS</a> family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Mobile_Phone_System" title="Advanced Mobile Phone System">AMPS - N-AMPS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Total_Access_Communication_System" title="Total Access Communication System">TACS - ETACS</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nordic_Mobile_Telephone" title="Nordic Mobile Telephone">NMT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C-Netz" title="C-Netz">C-450</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hicap" title="Hicap">Hicap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobitex" title="Mobitex">Mobitex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DataTAC" title="DataTAC">DataTAC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CT1" title="CT1">CT1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RTMI" title="RTMI">RTMI</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">2G</a> (1991)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/GSM" title="GSM">GSM</a>/<a href="/wiki/3GPP" title="3GPP">3GPP</a> family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/GSM" title="GSM">GSM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circuit_Switched_Data" title="Circuit Switched Data">CSD - HSCSD</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/3rd_Generation_Partnership_Project_2" title="3rd Generation Partnership Project 2">3GPP2</a> family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CdmaOne" title="CdmaOne">cdmaOne (IS-95)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Mobile_Phone_System" title="Advanced Mobile Phone System">AMPS</a> family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Digital_AMPS" title="Digital AMPS">D-AMPS (IS-54 and IS-136)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cellular_digital_packet_data" title="Cellular digital packet data">CDPD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IDEN" title="IDEN">iDEN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personal_Digital_Cellular" title="Personal Digital Cellular">PDC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personal_Handy-phone_System" title="Personal Handy-phone System">PHS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CT2" title="CT2">CT2</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Evolution">2G transitional (2.5G, 2.75G, 2.9G)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/GSM" title="GSM">GSM</a>/3GPP family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/General_Packet_Radio_Service" class="mw-redirect" title="General Packet Radio Service">GPRS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enhanced_Data_rates_for_GSM_Evolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution">EDGE/EGPRS - Evolved EDGE</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">3GPP2 family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CDMA2000#1X" title="CDMA2000">CDMA2000 1X</a> (TIA/EIA/IS-2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/CDMA2000#1X_Advanced" title="CDMA2000">CDMA2000 1X Advanced</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/WiDEN" class="mw-redirect" title="WiDEN">WiDEN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_enhanced_cordless_telecommunications" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital enhanced cordless telecommunications">DECT</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/3G" title="3G">3G</a> (1998) <a href="/wiki/IMT-2000" title="IMT-2000">IMT-2000</a> (2001)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">3GPP family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/UMTS" title="UMTS">UMTS</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/W-CDMA" class="mw-redirect" title="W-CDMA">UTRA-FDD / W-CDMA</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_Mobile_Multimedia_Access" title="Freedom of Mobile Multimedia Access">FOMA</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TD-SCDMA" class="mw-redirect" title="TD-SCDMA">UTRA-TDD LCR / TD-SCDMA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TD-CDMA" class="mw-redirect" title="TD-CDMA">UTRA-TDD HCR / TD-CDMA</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">3GPP2 family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Evolution-Data_Optimized" title="Evolution-Data Optimized">CDMA2000 1xEV-DO Release 0</a> (TIA/IS-856)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/3G#Evolution" title="3G">3G transitional (3.5G, 3.75G, 3.9G)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">3GPP family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/High_Speed_Packet_Access" title="High Speed Packet Access">HSPA</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/High_Speed_Downlink_Packet_Access" class="mw-redirect" title="High Speed Downlink Packet Access">HSDPA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Speed_Uplink_Packet_Access" class="mw-redirect" title="High Speed Uplink Packet Access">HSUPA</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evolved_High_Speed_Packet_Access" title="Evolved High Speed Packet Access">HSPA+</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/DC-HSDPA" class="mw-redirect" title="DC-HSDPA">DC-HSDPA</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LTE_(telecommunication)" title="LTE (telecommunication)">LTE</a> (<a href="/wiki/E-UTRA" title="E-UTRA">E-UTRA</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">3GPP2 family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>CDMA2000 <a href="/wiki/Evolution-Data_Optimized" title="Evolution-Data Optimized">1xEV-DO Revision A</a> (TIA/EIA/IS-856-A)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evolution-Data_Optimized" title="Evolution-Data Optimized">EV-DO Revision B</a> (TIA/EIA/IS-856-B)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evolution-Data_Optimized" title="Evolution-Data Optimized">EV-DO Revision C</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/Institute_of_Electrical_and_Electronics_Engineers" title="Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers">IEEE</a> family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/WiMAX" title="WiMAX">Mobile WiMAX</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IEEE_802.16" title="IEEE 802.16">IEEE 802.16e</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orthogonal_frequency-division_multiplexing#FLASH-OFDM" title="Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing">Flash-OFDM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEEE_802.20" title="IEEE 802.20">iBurst (IEEE 802.20)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WiBro" title="WiBro">WiBro</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/ETSI" class="mw-redirect" title="ETSI">ETSI</a> family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HiperMAN" title="HiperMAN">HiperMAN</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/4G" title="4G">4G</a> (2009) <a href="/wiki/IMT_Advanced" title="IMT Advanced">IMT Advanced</a> (2013)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">3GPP family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LTE_Advanced" title="LTE Advanced">LTE Advanced</a> (<a href="/wiki/E-UTRA" title="E-UTRA">E-UTRA</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/LTE_Advanced_Pro" class="mw-redirect" title="LTE Advanced Pro">LTE Advanced Pro</a> (4.5G/4.9G)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">IEEE family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/WiMAX" title="WiMAX">WiMAX</a> (<a href="/wiki/IEEE_802.16" title="IEEE 802.16">IEEE 802.16m</a>) <ul><li>WiMax 2.1</li> <li><a href="/wiki/WiBro" title="WiBro">WiBro</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/5G" title="5G">5G</a> (2018) <a href="/wiki/IMT-2020" title="IMT-2020">IMT-2020</a> (2021)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">3GPP family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/5G_NR" title="5G NR">5G NR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5G-Advanced" class="mw-redirect" title="5G-Advanced">5G-Advanced</a> (5.5G)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=NR-IIoT&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="NR-IIoT (page does not exist)">NR-IIoT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LTE-M" title="LTE-M">LTE-M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narrowband_IoT" title="Narrowband IoT">NB-IoT</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=DECT-5G&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="DECT-5G (page does not exist)">DECT-5G</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cellular_network" title="Cellular network">Cellular networks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_telephony" title="Mobile telephony">Mobile telephony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_mobile_phones" title="History of mobile phones">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_mobile_phone_standards" title="Comparison of mobile phone standards">Comparison of standards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Channel_access_method" title="Channel access method">Channel access methods</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Frequency-division_multiple_access" title="Frequency-division multiple access">FDMA</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Orthogonal_frequency-division_multiple_access" title="Orthogonal frequency-division multiple access">OFDMA</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time-division_multiple_access" title="Time-division multiple access">TDMA</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Self-organized_time-division_multiple_access" title="Self-organized time-division multiple access">STDMA</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spread_spectrum" title="Spread spectrum">SSMA</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Code-division_multiple_access" title="Code-division multiple access">CDMA</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space-division_multiple_access" title="Space-division multiple access">SDMA</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spectral_efficiency#Comparison_table" title="Spectral efficiency">Spectral efficiency comparison table</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cellular_frequencies" title="Cellular frequencies">Frequency bands</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/GSM_frequency_bands" title="GSM frequency bands">GSM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UMTS_frequency_bands" title="UMTS frequency bands">UMTS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LTE_frequency_bands" title="LTE frequency bands">LTE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5G_NR_frequency_bands" title="5G NR frequency bands">5G NR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CDMA_frequency_bands" title="CDMA frequency bands">CDMA</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_broadband" title="Mobile broadband">Mobile broadband</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multimedia_Broadcast_Multicast_Service" title="Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Service">Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Next_Generation_Mobile_Networks" title="Next Generation Mobile Networks">NGMN Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Push-to-talk" title="Push-to-talk">Push-to-talk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MIMO" title="MIMO">MIMO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IP_Multimedia_Subsystem" title="IP Multimedia Subsystem">IMS</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Voice_over_LTE" title="Voice over LTE">VoLTE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_over_LTE" title="Video over LTE">ViLTE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voice_over_NR" title="Voice over NR">VoNR</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Video_over_NR&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Video over NR (page does not exist)">ViNR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Generic_Access_Network" class="mw-redirect" title="Generic Access Network">Wi-Fi Calling</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osmocom" title="Osmocom">Osmocom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Telecom-icon.svg/19px-Telecom-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Telecom-icon.svg/29px-Telecom-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Telecom-icon.svg/38px-Telecom-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Telecommunication" title="Portal:Telecommunication">Telecommunication portal</a>   <img alt="telephone icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Telephone_icon_blue_gradient.svg/20px-Telephone_icon_blue_gradient.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Telephone_icon_blue_gradient.svg/40px-Telephone_icon_blue_gradient.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="722" data-file-height="722" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Telephones" title="Portal:Telephones">Telephones portal</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Mobile_phones689" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Mobile_phones" title="Template:Mobile phones"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Mobile_phones" title="Template talk:Mobile phones"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Mobile_phones" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Mobile phones"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Mobile_phones689" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Mobile_phone" title="Mobile phone">Mobile phones</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cellular_network" title="Cellular network">Mobile networks</a>, protocols</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Channel_capacity" title="Channel capacity">Channel capacity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cellular_frequencies" title="Cellular frequencies">Frequencies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multi-band_device" title="Multi-band device">Multi-band</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_phone_operator" title="Mobile phone operator">Network operator</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mobile_network_operators" title="List of mobile network operators">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roaming" title="Roaming">Roaming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_phone_signal" title="Mobile phone signal">Signal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SIM_card" title="SIM card">SIM card</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dual_SIM" title="Dual SIM">dual SIM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ESIM" title="ESIM">eSIM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SIM_lock" title="SIM lock">SIM lock</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_mobile_phone_standards" title="Comparison of mobile phone standards">Standards comparison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tethering" title="Tethering">Tethering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_VoIP" title="Mobile VoIP">VoIP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wireless_Application_Protocol" title="Wireless Application Protocol">WAP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XHTML_Mobile_Profile" title="XHTML Mobile Profile">XHTML-MP</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_mobile_phone_generations" class="mw-redirect" title="List of mobile phone generations">Generations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Analogue:</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_radio_telephone" title="Mobile radio telephone">0G</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1G" title="1G">1G</a></li> <li>Digital:</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">2G</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3G" title="3G">3G</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/3G_adoption" title="3G adoption">adoption</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Speed_Packet_Access" title="High Speed Packet Access">3.5G</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4G" title="4G">4G</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LTE_Advanced_Pro" class="mw-redirect" title="LTE Advanced Pro">4.5G</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5G" title="5G">5G</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/6G" title="6G">6G</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General operation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_phone_feature" title="Mobile phone feature">Features</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GSM" title="GSM">GSM</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/GSM_services" title="GSM services">services</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_mobile_phones" title="History of mobile phones">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_operating_system" title="Mobile operating system">Operating system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_security" title="Mobile security">Security</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Phone_cloning" title="Phone cloning">phone cloning</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_telephony" title="Mobile telephony">Telephony</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Airplane_mode" title="Airplane mode">airplane mode</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Text_messaging" title="Text messaging">Text messaging</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Short_Message_Service" class="mw-redirect" title="Short Message Service">SMS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multimedia_Messaging_Service" title="Multimedia Messaging Service">MMS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rich_Communication_Services" title="Rich Communication Services">RCS</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_phone_spam" title="Mobile phone spam">Spam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_phone_tracking" title="Mobile phone tracking">Tracking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_web" title="Mobile web">Web browsing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mobile_device" title="Mobile device">Mobile devices</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Mobile_phone_manufacturers" title="Category:Mobile phone manufacturers">Manufacturers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_3D-enabled_mobile_phones" title="List of 3D-enabled mobile phones">3D phone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camera_phone" title="Camera phone">Camera phone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Car_phone" title="Car phone">Car phone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feature_phone" title="Feature phone">Feature phone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Projector_phone" title="Projector phone">Projector phone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satellite_phone" title="Satellite phone">Satellite phone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smartphone" title="Smartphone">Smartphone</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Form_factor_(mobile_phones)" title="Form factor (mobile phones)">Form factors</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Form_factor_(mobile_phones)#Bar" title="Form factor (mobile phones)">Bar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clamshell_design" title="Clamshell design">Flip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phablet" title="Phablet">Phablet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Form_factor_(mobile_phones)#Slider" title="Form factor (mobile phones)">Slider</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Form_factor_(mobile_phones)#Slate" title="Form factor (mobile phones)">Slate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smartwatch" title="Smartwatch">Smartwatch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foldable_smartphone" title="Foldable smartphone">Fold</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_smartphones" title="Comparison of smartphones">Smartphones</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Android_(operating_system)" title="Android (operating system)">Android devices</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rooting_(Android)" title="Rooting (Android)">rooting</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BlackBerry_10#Devices" title="BlackBerry 10">BlackBerry 10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPhone" title="IPhone">iPhone</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IOS_jailbreaking" title="IOS jailbreaking">iOS jailbreaking</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_open-source_mobile_phones" title="List of open-source mobile phones">Open-source mobile phones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_Symbian_devices" title="Comparison of Symbian devices">Symbian devices</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Windows_phones" title="List of Windows phones">Windows Phone devices</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mobile specific <a href="/wiki/Software" title="Software">software</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mobile_app" title="Mobile app">Apps</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_app_development" title="Mobile app development">Development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mobile_app_distribution_platforms" title="List of mobile app distribution platforms">Distribution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_application_management" title="Mobile application management">Management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_cloud_computing" title="Mobile cloud computing">Cloud computing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mobile_commerce" title="Mobile commerce">Commerce</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_banking" title="Mobile banking">Banking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_marketing" title="Mobile marketing">Marketing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_advertising" title="Mobile advertising">advertising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_campaign" title="Mobile campaign">campaigns</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_payment" title="Mobile payment">Payments</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Contactless_payment" title="Contactless payment">contactless</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_donating" title="Mobile donating">donating</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_ticketing" title="Mobile ticketing">Ticketing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mobile_content" title="Mobile content">Content</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_blogging" title="Mobile blogging">Blogging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Push_email" title="Push email">Email</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_gambling" title="Mobile gambling">Gambling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_game" title="Mobile game">Gaming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MHealth" title="MHealth">Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Instant_messaging" title="Instant messaging">Instant messaging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M-learning" title="M-learning">Learning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_music" title="Mobile music">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_news" title="Mobile news">News</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mobile_search&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mobile search (page does not exist)">Search</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_local_search" title="Mobile local search">local</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_social_network" title="Mobile social network">Social</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_social_address_book" title="Mobile social address book">address book</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_television" title="Mobile television">Television</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Mobile_phone_culture" title="Category:Mobile phone culture">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Box_breaker" title="Box breaker">Box breaking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_phone_charm" title="Mobile phone charm">Charms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_comic" title="Mobile comic">Comics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_dating" title="Mobile dating">Dating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_mobile_phone_culture" title="Japanese mobile phone culture">Japanese culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cell_phone_novel" title="Cell phone novel">Novels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ringtone" title="Ringtone">Ringtones</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Silent_mode" title="Silent mode">silent mode</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selfie" title="Selfie">Selfie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SMS_language" title="SMS language">Txt-spk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wallpaper_(computing)" title="Wallpaper (computing)">Wallpaper</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Environment and health</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/De_Quervain_syndrome" title="De Quervain syndrome">BlackBerry thumb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_phones_and_driving_safety" title="Mobile phones and driving safety">Driving safety</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_waste" title="Electronic waste">Electronic waste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_external_power_supply" title="Common external power supply">External power supply</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_media_use_and_mental_health" title="Digital media use and mental health">Mental health from overuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phantom_vibration_syndrome" title="Phantom vibration syndrome">Phantom vibration syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wireless_device_radiation_and_health" title="Wireless device radiation and health">Radiation and health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_phone_recycling" title="Mobile phone recycling">Recycling</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Law" title="Law">Law</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carrier_IQ" title="Carrier IQ">Carrier IQ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legality_of_recording_by_civilians" title="Legality of recording by civilians">Legality of recording by civilians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_phones_in_prison" title="Mobile phones in prison">Mobile phones in prison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photography_and_the_law" title="Photography and the law">Photography and the law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telephone_tapping" class="mw-redirect" title="Telephone tapping">Telephone tapping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texting_while_driving" title="Texting while driving">Texting while driving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Restrictions_on_cell_phone_use_while_driving_in_the_United_States" title="Restrictions on cell phone use while driving in the United States">USA use restrictions while driving</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Telecom-icon.svg/19px-Telecom-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Telecom-icon.svg/29px-Telecom-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Telecom-icon.svg/38px-Telecom-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Telecommunication" title="Portal:Telecommunication">Telecommunication portal</a></li> <li><img alt="telephone icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Telephone_icon_blue_gradient.svg/20px-Telephone_icon_blue_gradient.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Telephone_icon_blue_gradient.svg/40px-Telephone_icon_blue_gradient.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="722" data-file-height="722" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Telephones" title="Portal:Telephones">Telephones portal</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Mobile_telecommunications" title="Category:Mobile telecommunications">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://auth.wikimedia.org/loginwiki/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2G&oldid=1283865342">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2G&oldid=1283865342</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Mobile_telecommunications" title="Category:Mobile telecommunications">Mobile telecommunications</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Software-defined_radio" title="Category:Software-defined radio">Software-defined radio</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wireless_communication_systems" title="Category:Wireless communication systems">Wireless communication systems</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Swedish-language_sources_(sv)" title="Category:CS1 Swedish-language sources (sv)">CS1 Swedish-language sources (sv)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Spanish-language_sources_(es)" title="Category:CS1 Spanish-language sources (es)">CS1 Spanish-language sources (es)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_German-language_sources_(de)" title="Category:CS1 German-language sources (de)">CS1 German-language sources (de)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Chinese-language_sources_(zh)" title="Category:CS1 Chinese-language sources (zh)">CS1 Chinese-language sources (zh)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Icelandic-language_sources_(is)" title="Category:CS1 Icelandic-language sources (is)">CS1 Icelandic-language sources (is)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Hebrew-language_sources_(he)" title="Category:CS1 Hebrew-language sources (he)">CS1 Hebrew-language sources (he)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_November_2023" title="Category:Use dmy dates from November 2023">Use dmy dates from November 2023</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_potentially_dated_statements_from_2023" title="Category:Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2023">Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2023</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_containing_potentially_dated_statements" title="Category:All articles containing potentially dated statements">All articles containing potentially dated statements</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 4 April 2025, at 03:05 (UTC).</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2G&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://www.wikimedia.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia.svg" width="25" height="25" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" lang="en" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" width="88" height="31"><img src="/w/resources/assets/mediawiki_compact.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" lang="en" width="25" height="25" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-header-container vector-sticky-header-container"> <div id="vector-sticky-header" class="vector-sticky-header"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-start"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-start vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" aria-hidden="true"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-sticky-header-search-toggle" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.vector-sticky-search-form.icon"> Search </button> </div> <div role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box"> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="vector-sticky-search-form" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia"> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-sticky-header-toc vector-sticky-header-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-sticky-header-toc-label" for="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar-primary" aria-hidden="true" >2G</div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-end" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icons"> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-talk-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="talk-sticky-header"> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-subject-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="subject-sticky-header"> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-history-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="history-sticky-header"> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only mw-watchlink" id="ca-watchstar-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="watch-sticky-header"> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="wikitext-edit-sticky-header"> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-ve-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-sticky-header"> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-viewsource-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-protected-sticky-header"> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-buttons"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector" id="p-lang-btn-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header"> 49 languages </button> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"> Add topic </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-dock-bottom emptyPortlet" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul> </ul> </div> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-58f486c48d-7gv8c","wgBackendResponseTime":254,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"1.389","walltime":"1.705","ppvisitednodes":{"value":16750,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":462271,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":13285,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":15,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":9,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":683822,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1374.518 1 -total"," 55.85% 767.641 1 Template:Reflist"," 46.11% 633.816 181 Template:Cite_web"," 10.52% 144.581 64 Template:Flag"," 9.93% 136.456 12 Template:Navbox"," 8.38% 115.216 1 Template:Mobile_telecommunications_standards"," 5.93% 81.460 1 Template:List_of_mobile_phone_generations"," 5.70% 78.328 1 Template:Sidebar"," 5.31% 73.035 1 Template:Short_description"," 2.85% 39.197 2 Template:Pagetype"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.752","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":6317941,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-58f486c48d-vbxlc","timestamp":"20250404030622","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"2G","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2G","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q845349","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q845349","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2003-07-28T16:00:00Z","dateModified":"2025-04-04T03:05:13Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/4\/4a\/Cellular_network_standards_and_generation_timeline.svg","headline":"term used to represent the 2nd generation of mobile telecommunications technology"}</script> </body> </html>