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The magnitude and extent of such a disaster can lead to uncertainty about who is liable and how the restoration of the environmental damage will be" /> <title>(PDF) The Implementation of Risk Management processes as a contributing factor to the minimization of shipping disasters through the study of previous shipping accidents | Michael Boviatsis - Academia.edu</title> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.academia.edu/99690456/The_Implementation_of_Risk_Management_processes_as_a_contributing_factor_to_the_minimization_of_shipping_disasters_through_the_study_of_previous_shipping_accidents" /> <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-5VKX33P2DS"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-5VKX33P2DS', { cookie_domain: 'academia.edu', send_page_view: false, }); gtag('event', 'page_view', { 'controller': "single_work", 'action': "show", 'controller_action': 'single_work#show', 'logged_in': 'false', 'edge': 'unknown', // Send nil if there is no A/B test bucket, in case some records get logged // with missing data - that way we can distinguish between the two cases. // ab_test_bucket should be of the form <ab_test_name>:<bucket> 'ab_test_bucket': null, }) </script> <script> var $controller_name = 'single_work'; var $action_name = "show"; var $rails_env = 'production'; var $app_rev = '9387f500ddcbb8d05c67bef28a2fe0334f1aafb8'; var $domain = 'academia.edu'; var $app_host = "academia.edu"; var $asset_host = "academia-assets.com"; var $start_time = new Date().getTime(); var $recaptcha_key = "6LdxlRMTAAAAADnu_zyLhLg0YF9uACwz78shpjJB"; var $recaptcha_invisible_key = "6Lf3KHUUAAAAACggoMpmGJdQDtiyrjVlvGJ6BbAj"; var $disableClientRecordHit = false; </script> <script> window.require = { config: function() { return function() {} } } </script> <script> window.Aedu = window.Aedu || {}; window.Aedu.hit_data = null; window.Aedu.serverRenderTime = new Date(1733020068000); window.Aedu.timeDifference = new Date().getTime() - 1733020068000; </script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"ScholarlyArticle","abstract":"Environmental disasters can maliciously affect property, human lives and even entire ecosystems. The magnitude and extent of such a disaster can lead to uncertainty about who is liable and how the restoration of the environmental damage will be achieved. The implementation of Risk Management processes enables us to combine our available information and resources and learn how to avoid such problems in the future. In shipping industry, oil spills from tanker vessels constitute the most severe threat to local and global ecosystem. When an oil spill happens, it usually spreads rapidly and is affected by weather and sea currents. Without prompt treatment it can cause huge disasters in the local aquatic ecosystem and human property altogether. This paper will assess the famous accident of Exxon Valdez based on Risk Assessment Methods and more specifically with the method of Root Cause Analysis to identify and measure the effect of each contributing factor to each accident and with Failur...","author":[{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Person","name":"Michael Boviatsis"}],"contributor":[],"dateCreated":"2023-04-05","dateModified":null,"datePublished":null,"headline":"The Implementation of Risk Management processes as a contributing factor to the minimization of shipping disasters through the study of previous shipping accidents","inLanguage":"en","keywords":["Risk Management","Oil Spill"],"locationCreated":null,"publication":"Global NEST International Conference on Environmental Science \u0026amp; Technology","publisher":{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Organization","name":"Cosmos 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The magnitude and extent of such a disaster can lead to uncertainty about who is liable and how the restoration of the environmental damage will be achieved. The implementation of Risk Management processes enables us to combine our available information and resources and learn how to avoid such problems in the future. In shipping industry, oil spills from tanker vessels constitute the most severe threat to local and global ecosystem. When an oil spill happens, it usually spreads rapidly and is affected by weather and sea currents. Without prompt treatment it can cause huge disasters in the local aquatic ecosystem and human property altogether. This paper will assess the famous accident of Exxon Valdez based on Risk Assessment Methods and more specifically with the method of Root Cause Analysis to identify and measure the effect of each contributing factor to each accident and with Failur...","publisher":"Cosmos S.A.","ai_title_tag":"Risk Management in Preventing Shipping Disasters: Lessons from Exxon Valdez","publication_name":"Global NEST International Conference on Environmental Science \u0026amp; Technology"},"document_type":"paper","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":null,"quality":"high","language":"en","title":"The Implementation of Risk Management processes as a contributing factor to the minimization of shipping disasters through the study of previous shipping accidents","broadcastable":true,"draft":null,"has_indexable_attachment":true,"indexable":true}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [142953915]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; window.loswp.cwvAbTestBucket = ""; window.loswp.designVariant = "ds_vanilla"; window.loswp.fullPageMobileSutdModalVariant = "full_page_mobile_sutd_modal"; window.loswp.useOptimizedScribd4genScript = false; window.loswp.appleClientId = 'edu.academia.applesignon';</script><script defer="" src="https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client"></script><div class="ds-loswp-container"><div class="ds-work-card--grid-container"><div class="ds-work-card--container js-loswp-work-card"><div class="ds-work-card--cover"><div class="ds-work-cover--wrapper"><div class="ds-work-cover--container"><button class="ds-work-cover--clickable js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"swp-splash-paper-cover","attachmentId":100713090,"attachmentType":"pdf"}"><img alt="First page of “The Implementation of Risk Management processes as a contributing factor to the minimization of shipping disasters through the study of previous shipping accidents”" class="ds-work-cover--cover-thumbnail" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/100713090/mini_magick20230405-1-g82gcv.png?1680681639" /><img alt="PDF Icon" class="ds-work-cover--file-icon" src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/single_work_splash/adobe.icon-574afd46eb6b03a77a153a647fb47e30546f9215c0ee6a25df597a779717f9ef.svg" /><div class="ds-work-cover--hover-container"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span><p>Download Free PDF</p></div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-container">Download Free PDF</div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-triangle"></div></button></div></div></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-information"><h1 class="ds-work-card--work-title">The Implementation of Risk Management processes as a contributing factor to the minimization of shipping disasters through the study of previous shipping accidents</h1><div class="ds-work-card--work-authors ds-work-card--detail"><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="142953915" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MichaelBoviatsis"><img alt="Profile image of Michael Boviatsis" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/142953915/146045674/135583735/s65_michael.boviatsis.png" />Michael Boviatsis</a></div><div class="ds-work-card--detail"><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">Global NEST International Conference on Environmental Science &amp; Technology</p><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata"><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">visibility</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm" id="work-metadata-view-count">…</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">description</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">5 pages</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">link</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">1 file</p></div></div><script>(async () => { const workId = 99690456; const worksViewsPath = "/v0/works/views?subdomain_param=api&work_ids%5B%5D=99690456"; const getWorkViews = async (workId) => { const response = await fetch(worksViewsPath); if (!response.ok) { throw new Error('Failed to load work views'); } const data = await response.json(); return data.views[workId]; }; // Get the view count for the work - we send this immediately rather than waiting for // the DOM to load, so it can be available as soon as possible (but without holding up // the backend or other resource requests, because it's a bit expensive and not critical). const viewCount = await getWorkViews(workId); const updateViewCount = (viewCount) => { const viewCountNumber = Number(viewCount); if (!viewCountNumber) { throw new Error('Failed to parse view count'); } const commaizedViewCount = viewCountNumber.toLocaleString(); const viewCountBody = document.getElementById('work-metadata-view-count'); if (viewCountBody) { viewCountBody.textContent = `${commaizedViewCount} views`; } else { throw new Error('Failed to find work views element'); } }; // If the DOM is still loading, wait for it to be ready before updating the view count. if (document.readyState === "loading") { document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { updateViewCount(viewCount); }); // Otherwise, just update it immediately. } else { updateViewCount(viewCount); } })();</script></div><p class="ds-work-card--work-abstract ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-md">Environmental disasters can maliciously affect property, human lives and even entire ecosystems. The magnitude and extent of such a disaster can lead to uncertainty about who is liable and how the restoration of the environmental damage will be achieved. The implementation of Risk Management processes enables us to combine our available information and resources and learn how to avoid such problems in the future. In shipping industry, oil spills from tanker vessels constitute the most severe threat to local and global ecosystem. When an oil spill happens, it usually spreads rapidly and is affected by weather and sea currents. Without prompt treatment it can cause huge disasters in the local aquatic ecosystem and human property altogether. This paper will assess the famous accident of Exxon Valdez based on Risk Assessment Methods and more specifically with the method of Root Cause Analysis to identify and measure the effect of each contributing factor to each accident and with Failur...</p><div class="ds-work-card--button-container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--work-card","attachmentId":100713090,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/99690456/The_Implementation_of_Risk_Management_processes_as_a_contributing_factor_to_the_minimization_of_shipping_disasters_through_the_study_of_previous_shipping_accidents"}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--work-card","attachmentId":100713090,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/99690456/The_Implementation_of_Risk_Management_processes_as_a_contributing_factor_to_the_minimization_of_shipping_disasters_through_the_study_of_previous_shipping_accidents"}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div></div><div data-auto_select="false" data-client_id="331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b" data-doc_id="100713090" data-landing_url="https://www.academia.edu/99690456/The_Implementation_of_Risk_Management_processes_as_a_contributing_factor_to_the_minimization_of_shipping_disasters_through_the_study_of_previous_shipping_accidents" data-login_uri="https://www.academia.edu/registrations/google_one_tap" data-moment_callback="onGoogleOneTapEvent" id="g_id_onload"></div><div class="ds-top-related-works--grid-container"><div class="ds-related-content--container ds-top-related-works--container"><h2 class="ds-related-content--heading">Related papers</h2><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="0" data-entity-id="45541875" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/45541875/Risk_Assessment_of_Oil_Spill_Accidents_Part_1_Presentation_of_the_Methodology">Risk Assessment of Oil Spill Accidents Part 1: Presentation of the Methodology</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="9921685" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AnastasiosStamou">Anastasios Stamou</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">EXTENDED ABSTRACT Oil slicks often occur due to sea casualties and have severe environmental and ecological impacts on sea and coastal ecosystems. 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Based on evaluation criteria and tests for the risk model and risk analysis, it is found that the model is a plausible representation of tanker collision oil spill risk.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"A framework for risk analysis of maritime transportation systems: A case study for oil spill from tankers in a ship–ship collision","attachmentId":37004435,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/11480013/A_framework_for_risk_analysis_of_maritime_transportation_systems_A_case_study_for_oil_spill_from_tankers_in_a_ship_ship_collision","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/11480013/A_framework_for_risk_analysis_of_maritime_transportation_systems_A_case_study_for_oil_spill_from_tankers_in_a_ship_ship_collision"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="114466962" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/114466962/Evaluation_of_the_Risk_Associated_with_Marine_Environment">Evaluation of the Risk Associated with Marine Environment</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="143187706" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JOURNALOFRESEARCHTECHNOLOGYANDENGINEERING">JOURNAL OF RESEARCH TECHNOLOGY AND ENGINEERING</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">A hazard identification and risk analysis system can be applied to various activities and processes, including manufacturing, construction, transportation, and other industries. The system helps to identify and address potential hazards before they result in accidents or incidents, which can help to minimize the risk of injury, damage to property, and environmental impacts. This paper provides a research proposal for a hazard identification and risk analysis system to minimize the impacts of shipping on the marine environment, taking the example of the Pearl Harbor Incident.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Evaluation of the Risk Associated with Marine Environment","attachmentId":111157759,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/114466962/Evaluation_of_the_Risk_Associated_with_Marine_Environment","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/114466962/Evaluation_of_the_Risk_Associated_with_Marine_Environment"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="27694568" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/27694568/Shipping_accidents_a_serious_threat_for_marine_environment_Gemi_kazalar%C4%B1_deniz_%C3%A7evresi_i%C3%A7in_ciddi_bir_tehdit">Shipping accidents: a serious threat for marine environment Gemi kazaları: deniz çevresi için ciddi bir tehdit</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="51931397" href="https://independent.academia.edu/glenncleofe">glenn cleofe</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Shipping accidents: a serious threat for marine environment Gemi kazaları: deniz çevresi için ciddi bir tehdit","attachmentId":47960422,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/27694568/Shipping_accidents_a_serious_threat_for_marine_environment_Gemi_kazalar%C4%B1_deniz_%C3%A7evresi_i%C3%A7in_ciddi_bir_tehdit","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/27694568/Shipping_accidents_a_serious_threat_for_marine_environment_Gemi_kazalar%C4%B1_deniz_%C3%A7evresi_i%C3%A7in_ciddi_bir_tehdit"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="67778397" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/67778397/Hazard_Identification_and_Risk_Analysis_system_to_minimize_the_Impacts_of_shipping_on_marine_environment">Hazard Identification and Risk Analysis system to minimize the Impacts of shipping on marine environment</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="143187706" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JOURNALOFRESEARCHTECHNOLOGYANDENGINEERING">JOURNAL OF RESEARCH TECHNOLOGY AND ENGINEERING</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Shipping has been a historic business in which safety has been a concern for hundreds of years. The MARPOL conventions were established in the 1970s in response to growing public concern about the destructive repercussions of marine pollution due to multiple oil tanker accidents. Hazard identification and risk analysis (HIRA) begins with the process design and continues through the discharge and decommissioning of the containers. Furthermore, the issue continues, and the active pollution generating phase will not be completed until the crash, and missing containers at sea are no longer a threat. This can be recovered by reducing shipping's negative effects on the maritime environment using a hazard identification and risk assessment approach. The X-Press Pearl incident in Sri Lanka will be discussed in this study, how the country recovers, and the method of hazard identification and risk assessment should be implemented.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Hazard Identification and Risk Analysis system to minimize the Impacts of shipping on marine environment","attachmentId":78483948,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/67778397/Hazard_Identification_and_Risk_Analysis_system_to_minimize_the_Impacts_of_shipping_on_marine_environment","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/67778397/Hazard_Identification_and_Risk_Analysis_system_to_minimize_the_Impacts_of_shipping_on_marine_environment"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="65787314" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/65787314/Marine_environment_risk_assessment_A_survey_on_the_disutility_cost_of_oil_spills">Marine environment risk assessment: A survey on the disutility cost of oil spills</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="38550485" href="https://dtu.academia.edu/HarilaosPsaraftis">Harilaos N Psaraftis</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2008</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Marine environment risk assessment: A survey on the disutility cost of oil spills","attachmentId":77232770,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/65787314/Marine_environment_risk_assessment_A_survey_on_the_disutility_cost_of_oil_spills","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/65787314/Marine_environment_risk_assessment_A_survey_on_the_disutility_cost_of_oil_spills"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="21959657" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/21959657/Quantitative_Ecological_Risk_Assessment_of_Industrial_Accidents_The_Case_of_Oil_Ship_Transportation_in_the_Coastal_Tropical_Area_of_Northeastern_Brazil">Quantitative Ecological Risk Assessment of Industrial Accidents: The Case of Oil Ship Transportation in the Coastal Tropical Area of Northeastern Brazil</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="41435785" href="https://upe.academia.edu/SimoneTeixeira">Simone Teixeira</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 2013</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Accidents such as toxic spills can cause massive damage to local ecosystems and hamper the sustainable development of hazardous industries. Models that only consider regularly occurring pollution are unable to truly quantify ecological risks (ecorisks) from these industries. This work presents a methodology capable of quantifying ecorisks related to rare and extreme events such as industrial accidents. We developed a procedure that integrates information from different studies that contributes to characterize ecorisks from industrial accidents: (1) reliability analysis, (2) fate and transport modeling, (3) individual-level toxicological assessment, and (4) population modeling. The methodology is exemplified by an application to oil ship transportation to supply Brazil's Suape industrial complex. A fish population was strategically chosen to represent the ecosystem's health of Suape beach. For the critical accidental scenarios, their frequencies of occurrence were estimated and the space–time evolution of oil simulated. The ecorisks were quantified in terms of time and population probability of fish extinction, categorized and compared against a no-accident scenario. The total ecorisks from all scenarios were presented as a FN curve, where N is the average number of deaths in the population and F the cumulative frequency of accidents with potential to cause N or more deaths.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Quantitative Ecological Risk Assessment of Industrial Accidents: The Case of Oil Ship Transportation in the Coastal Tropical Area of Northeastern Brazil","attachmentId":54008700,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/21959657/Quantitative_Ecological_Risk_Assessment_of_Industrial_Accidents_The_Case_of_Oil_Ship_Transportation_in_the_Coastal_Tropical_Area_of_Northeastern_Brazil","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/21959657/Quantitative_Ecological_Risk_Assessment_of_Industrial_Accidents_The_Case_of_Oil_Ship_Transportation_in_the_Coastal_Tropical_Area_of_Northeastern_Brazil"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="24930832" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/24930832/Oil_Spill_Risk_Management_in_Thailand">Oil Spill Risk Management in Thailand</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="48064999" href="https://independent.academia.edu/ChuthamatRattikansukha">Chuthamat Rattikansukha</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Oil spills are one of major pollution concerns in coastal and marine environment. The most important sources are from human activities including coastal facilities, shipping activities, and offshore exploration and production. This study aims to evaluate risk of oil spills from shipping activities and provide strategies for oil spill management in Thailand. To investigate causes of oil spills, information related to oil spill incidents and shipping activities have been collected and modify for 23 coastal provinces along the Gulf of Thailand and Andaman Sea. The Principal Component Analysis is used to explore the data and identify main sources of oil spill incidents. To classify risk levels for each province, monthly oil spill impact to marine resources are predicted by OILMAP model. Afterward, Hierarchical Cluster Analysis is used to assess risk areas. The result shows that main sources of oil spill incidents in Thailand are ports and international ships. The high risk areas for oil spill effects are in the east of the Upper Gulf of Thailand and the south of Andaman Sea especially in June and July. The strategy of oil pollution management is proposed according to critical oil spill sources and priority risk areas.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Oil Spill Risk Management in Thailand","attachmentId":45261695,"attachmentType":"doc","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/24930832/Oil_Spill_Risk_Management_in_Thailand","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/24930832/Oil_Spill_Risk_Management_in_Thailand"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--wrapper js-loswp-sticky-ctas hidden"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--grid-container"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":100713090,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":100713090,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div><div class="ds-below-fold--grid-container"><div class="ds-work--container js-loswp-embedded-document"><div class="attachment_preview" data-attachment="Attachment_100713090" style="display: none"><div class="js-scribd-document-container"><div class="scribd--document-loading js-scribd-document-loader" style="display: block;"><img alt="Loading..." src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/loaders/paper-load.gif" /><p>Loading Preview</p></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="scribd--no-preview-alert js-preview-unavailable"><p>Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. You can download the paper by clicking the button above.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sidebar--container js-work-sidebar"><div class="ds-related-content--container"><h2 class="ds-related-content--heading">Related papers</h2><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="0" data-entity-id="16664190" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/16664190/Prevention_of_oil_spill_from_shipping_by_modelling_of_dynamic_risk">Prevention of oil spill from shipping by modelling of dynamic risk</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="36140521" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JarleHauge">Jarle Hauge</a><span>, </span><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="36028401" href="https://independent.academia.edu/%C3%98yvindBreivik">Øyvind Breivik</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Marine Pollution Bulletin, 2007</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Prevention of oil spill from shipping by modelling of dynamic risk","attachmentId":42419636,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/16664190/Prevention_of_oil_spill_from_shipping_by_modelling_of_dynamic_risk","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/16664190/Prevention_of_oil_spill_from_shipping_by_modelling_of_dynamic_risk"><span 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class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Proposing a hazard identification and risk analysis system to mitigate the impact of shipping on the marine environment","attachmentId":111157740,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/114466936/Proposing_a_hazard_identification_and_risk_analysis_system_to_mitigate_the_impact_of_shipping_on_the_marine_environment","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/114466936/Proposing_a_hazard_identification_and_risk_analysis_system_to_mitigate_the_impact_of_shipping_on_the_marine_environment"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="115496495" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/115496495/Judgment_and_Analysis_in_Oil_Spill_Risk_Assessment">Judgment and Analysis in Oil Spill Risk Assessment</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="34451013" href="https://independent.academia.edu/ThomasStewart5">Thomas Stewart</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Risk Analysis, 1986</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Judgment and Analysis in Oil Spill Risk Assessment","attachmentId":111887148,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/115496495/Judgment_and_Analysis_in_Oil_Spill_Risk_Assessment","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/115496495/Judgment_and_Analysis_in_Oil_Spill_Risk_Assessment"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="43827115" data-sort-order="default"><a 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