International Journal of Engineering Research in Africa Vol. 70

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col-xs-12"> <div class="bread-crumbs hidden-xs"> <a class="bread-crumbs-first" href="/">Home</a><i class="inline-icon arrow-breadcrumbs"></i><a class="bread-crumbs-first" href="/JERA">International Journal of Engineering Research in...</a><i class="inline-icon arrow-breadcrumbs"></i><span class="bread-crumbs-second">International Journal of Engineering Research in...</span></div> <div class="page-name-block underline-begin"> <h1 class="page-name-block-text">International Journal of Engineering Research in Africa Vol. 70</h1> </div> <div class="clearfix title-details"> <div class="papers-block-info col-lg-12"> <div class="row"> <div class="info-row-name normal-text-gray col-md-2 col-sm-3 col-xs-4"> <div class="row"> <p>DOI:</p> </div> </div> <div class="info-row-content semibold-middle-text col-md-10 col-sm-9 col-xs-8"> <div class="row"> <p><a href="https://doi.org/10.4028/v-387ZEu">https://doi.org/10.4028/v-387ZEu</a></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="titleMarcXmlLink" 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class="block-volume-title normal-text-gray"> <p> Paper Title <span>Page</span> </p> </div> <div class="item-block"> <div class="item-link"> <a href="/JERA.70.1">Numerical Finite Element Analysis of Cracked Stainless-Steel Pipe Repaired by GFRP in a Moist Environment</a> </div> <div class="item-link volume-authors"> <div class="semibold-middle-text"> Authors: Abdelouahed Elamine, Sadek Kaddour, Aour Benaoumeur, Habib Benzaama, Mohammed Salah Bennouna, Mohamed Mokhtari </div> </div> <div id="abstractTextBlock603283" class="volume-info volume-info-text volume-info-description"> Abstract: Bonding metallic structures with composite materials is widely considered to be the most optimal method for joining damaged and fractured structures. This method offers important advantages, such as reducing the stress intensity factor (SIF) and increasing the lifetime of the joined structure. However, hygrothermal aging is a phenomenon that can reduce the lifetime of reinforced structures made of glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP). This study used numerical modeling to investigate a cracked stainless steel pipe operating in a hygrothermal environment and repaired with three patches. The main objective of this work is to determine the effect of adhesive aging due to hygrothermal damage on the repair efficiency of a cracked SA312 type 304 stainless steel pipe. The Finite Element Method (FEM) is used to evaluate the SIF as a function of applied load for different immersion times and at two different temperatures. First, the developed model was validated against literature results. A parametric study was then carried out. The obtained results showed that the adhesive maintains its stiffness for 7.5 months of immersion and that the mechanical properties of the adhesive are acceptable even at temperatures of 90°C or lower and internal pressures less than or equal to 50 bar. However, when the pressure load exceeds 50 bar (p<sub>int</sub> > 50 bar), the degradation of the adhesive becomes more significant, and the hygrothermal aging leads to variations in the mechanical properties of the joined structure. It is important to note that these results can contribute to the improvement of the existing composite repair design standard and can provide reliability for the application of GFRP in different humid environments. </div> <div> <a data-readmore="{ block: '#abstractTextBlock603283', lines: 2, expandText: '...more', collapseText: '...less' }"></a> </div> <div class="page-number semibold-large-text"> 1 </div> </div> <div class="item-block"> <div class="item-link"> <a href="/JERA.70.19">Prediction of Flexural Properties of Additively Manufactured Short Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Composite Parts</a> </div> <div class="item-link volume-authors"> <div class="semibold-middle-text"> Authors: Lucy W. Kariuki, Bernard W. Ikua, Samuel K. Karanja, Stephen P. Ng'ang'a </div> </div> <div id="abstractTextBlock609061" class="volume-info volume-info-text volume-info-description"> Abstract: Fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites have many desirable properties such as high corrosion resistance and a high strength-to-weight ratio. They can also be easily optimised to suit different loading requirements. To produce functional components through 3D printing using FRPs, it is important to optimize the printing process parameters and to predict the mechanical properties of the printed components. The mathematical predictive approach is preferred over experiments it is flexible, fast and not as costly as experiments. In this work, a coupled finite element model for predicting flexural strength properties of additively manufactured parts is developed. The model takes into account the structure, material microstructure, and fused filament fabrication (FFF) process parameters in predicting the flexural strength of parts. The validity of the model is tested using a standard flexural bending specimen and an ankle-foot orthosis (AFO) prototype which are fabricated using short carbon fibre-reinforced polyamide 12 (PA12-CF) filament. The validity of the coupled analysis model was tested by comparing the model predictions of flexural strength with experimental results. The results provide a good prediction of part performance. </div> <div> <a data-readmore="{ block: '#abstractTextBlock609061', lines: 2, expandText: '...more', collapseText: '...less' }"></a> </div> <div class="page-number semibold-large-text"> 19 </div> </div> <div class="item-block"> <div class="item-link"> <a href="/JERA.70.37">Geometrical Parameter Optimization of Circular Cross-Section Conformal Cooling Channels in Injection Molds of Plastic Paving Block Molds</a> </div> <div class="item-link volume-authors"> <div class="semibold-middle-text"> Authors: Laura W. Simiyu, James M. Mutua, Patrick I. Muiruri, Bernard W. Ikua, Simon N. Gacharu </div> </div> <div id="abstractTextBlock605308" class="volume-info volume-info-text volume-info-description"> Abstract: High productivity and product quality are sought after by manufacturers due to the increasing demand for and use of plastic items. Injection molding is the most famous method used to make majority of the plastic items. Injection molding is however known for its lengthy production durations and poor product quality. This study shows the optimization of multiple design characteristics of circular cross-sectioned conformal cooling channels in response to reducing production time while improving product quality, at the same time, using Taguchi design-of-experiments approach. Diameter, depth, and pitch were the three main design variables examined. A Computer Aided Design software was used to create three dimensional designs and to conduct simulations. The responses obtained from simulations were time for cooling to ejection temperature, overall product shrinkage, extents of warpage and dimensions of sink marks. These output parameters were taken as input variables for multi-response optimization utilizing the method of Taguchi Grey Relational evaluation. The outcome obtained revealed that the minimum design variables resulted in the concurrent minimization of all responses for the particular geometry studied. Study of variance showed that the diameter to be the design factor that most significantly influenced all the responses simultaneously. Additionally, it was shown that conformal cooling channels yield better production outcomes than straight cooling channels whereby they gave the minimum cooling time and product defects. The optimized conformal cooling channels, when compared with straight cooling channels, reduced the time to cool the product, product shrinkage, dimension of warpage, and extent of sink marks by 29.35%, 5.99%, 19.77%, and 38.85% respectively. </div> <div> <a data-readmore="{ block: '#abstractTextBlock605308', lines: 2, expandText: '...more', collapseText: '...less' }"></a> </div> <div class="page-number semibold-large-text"> 37 </div> </div> <div class="item-block"> <div class="item-link"> <a href="/JERA.70.53">Enhancing Gold Assaying Crucibles in Ghana: Optimizing Fosu Clay Grog with Sintered Mullite for Improved Performance</a> </div> <div class="item-link volume-authors"> <div class="semibold-middle-text"> Authors: Yong Dan Hou, Lemuel Gbologah, Derrick Boateng Asante, Parpah Senanu Kwawukume </div> </div> <div id="abstractTextBlock606405" class="volume-info volume-info-text volume-info-description"> Abstract: Due to material and structural issues, fire-assaying crucibles used for analyzing precious metals in ores have encountered challenges related to poor thermal cycling in Ghana’s sub-Saharan region. This study aimed to enhance the crucibles by analyzing aluminosilicate minerals' multiphase development using X-ray diffraction and understanding the effects of composition determined by X-ray fluorescence on thermal behavior and water absorption observed through optical microscopy. The improved crucible design exhibited enhanced thermal cycling stability and lower permeability to the assay charge. Analysis showed that Fosu Clay (FC) demonstrated promise with a favorable Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>:SiO<sub>2</sub> ratio and low impurities; mullite was identified as the primary phase formed at high temperatures, with quartz and cristobalite also present. Introducing 6% CSM dopant to FC increased the mullite content while supporting the transformation from quartz to cristobalite. The optimal crucible sample included coarse and fine-doped grog with an FC-clay binder, demonstrating excellent thermal stability, adequate porosity, and water absorption. Adjusting the percentage of doped grog further increased mullite content while reducing silica content; this suggests that locally produced improved crucibles are feasible through sintering commercial clay with mullite doping and precise composition adjustments. </div> <div> <a data-readmore="{ block: '#abstractTextBlock606405', lines: 2, expandText: '...more', collapseText: '...less' }"></a> </div> <div class="page-number semibold-large-text"> 53 </div> </div> <div class="item-block"> <div class="item-link"> <a href="/JERA.70.69">An Analytic Model for the 2-DEG Density Current-Voltage Characteristic for AlGaN/GaN HEMTs</a> </div> <div class="item-link volume-authors"> <div class="semibold-middle-text"> Authors: Chaimae El Yazami, Seddik Bri </div> </div> <div id="abstractTextBlock611097" class="volume-info volume-info-text volume-info-description"> Abstract: Higher frequency hetero-junction transistors called High Electron Mobility Transistors (HEMTs) are employed in a number of high-power applications, including radiofrequency, radiation, space exploration, and others. When stressed between the junction of a broad bandgap and low bandgap material, AlGaN/GaN HEMTs create Two-Dimensional Electron Gas (2DEG).To determine the eventual number of electrons in the quantum well, it is necessary to assess the charge density generated by the polarization existing in the 2DEG region. In this paper, two-dimensional electron gas (2-DEG) sheet carrier concentration estimate model takes into consideration the substantially dominating total polarization. In order to regulate the impact of these characteristics on the device performance, discussion has focused on the current-voltage characteristic, which illustrates how the drain-source current varies in response to the gate voltage modulation. Our study also aims at how the two-dimensional electron gas density depends on the aluminum molar percentage and AlGaN layer thickness. </div> <div> <a data-readmore="{ block: '#abstractTextBlock611097', lines: 2, expandText: '...more', collapseText: '...less' }"></a> </div> <div class="page-number semibold-large-text"> 69 </div> </div> <div class="item-block"> <div class="item-link"> <a href="/JERA.70.79">Transient Stability Analysis of an Integrated Photovoltaic Systems in a Power System</a> </div> <div class="item-link volume-authors"> <div class="semibold-middle-text"> Authors: Sibonakaliso Mzebetshana, Rudiren Sarma </div> </div> <div id="abstractTextBlock605171" class="volume-info volume-info-text volume-info-description"> Abstract: Integration of PV systems into the grid is growing rapidly around the world, and PV penetration plays a huge role in minimizing the effect of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere and also contributes to minimizing the impact of load shedding. However, PV systems contribute to grid integration issues such as transients, voltage, and frequency instabilities and reductions in the generator's inertia, respectively; therefore, it is essential to investigate the effect of the PV system on the grid before integrating it. This paper utilized a modified IEEE 9 bus system to investigate the impact of large-scale PV on the power system, and PSCAD software has been used for this study. Four scenarios with different PV penetration levels were considered in this paper. Moreover, for each scenario, the transient stability was assessed based on five parameters, namely: active power, reactive power, rotor angle, rotor speed, and the terminal voltage. Scenario 1 examines the PV systems integrated into a single bus and finds that the optimal PV penetration is 60% of the total power generation. Scenario 2 investigates the effect of integrating PV systems using the optimal PV penetration of 60% distributed into two buses, which was found to be the best for transient stability improvement after a fault condition. Scenario 3 investigates the impact of the power system stabilizer (PSS), using the optimal PV penetration of 60%, and the results reveal that system stability improves when a fault occurs on the bus where the PV system is also connected. Scenario 4 investigates the effectiveness of the fault clearing time on the response of the system with an integrated PV system, using the optimal PV penetration of 60%. The results revealed that a PV system only improves transient stability if the fault-clearing time is below 0.5 seconds; otherwise, the system loses stability. Overall, the study demonstrates that the system’s stability improves up to 60% of the PV penetration level of total generation power. </div> <div> <a data-readmore="{ block: '#abstractTextBlock605171', lines: 2, expandText: '...more', collapseText: '...less' }"></a> </div> <div class="page-number semibold-large-text"> 79 </div> </div> <div class="item-block"> <div class="item-link"> <a href="/JERA.70.95">A 4-Dimensional Strategy for Managing Construction Waste Originating during the Design Process within Architectural Design Firms in Egypt</a> </div> <div class="item-link volume-authors"> <div class="semibold-middle-text"> Authors: Ayman Ahmed Ezzat Othman, Aya Said Muawad Saad </div> </div> <div id="abstractTextBlock604480" class="volume-info volume-info-text volume-info-description"> Abstract: This study aims to develop and validate a comprehensive strategy consisting of four dimensions for effectively managing construction waste (CW) arising during the Architectural Design Process (ADP) within Architectural Design Firms (ADFs) in Egypt. To accomplish this aim, a hybrid research approach, integrating qualitative and quantitative methods, was designed to address four specific objectives. Firstly, a thorough literature review was conducted to explore the topics of ADP, CW, Waste Management (WM), as well as national and international Waste Management Strategies (WMS). Secondly, three construction-based case studies from Saudi Arabia, China, and Thailand were gathered and analyzed to investigate the efficacy of identified WMS in managing CW originating during ADP. Thirdly, a survey questionnaire was administered to a representative sample of ADFs in Egypt to assess their understanding and utilization of WMS during ADP. Finally, the research formulated and validated a four-dimensional strategy for managing CW originating during ADP in ADFs. Data analysis revealed that ADFs possess a moderate level of knowledge regarding WMS, with limited awareness of Egyptian laws, regulations, and WMS during ADP. Among the identified WMS, "Prefabrication" emerged as the most favoured, followed by Building Information Modeling (BIM) and "on-site waste management". However, the implementation of these strategies faces several challenges. Furthermore, the research identified "preparation and briefing" as the design stage most susceptible to CW causes, with "waiting" and "defects" being the most prevalent forms of CW originating during ADP. </div> <div> <a data-readmore="{ block: '#abstractTextBlock604480', lines: 2, expandText: '...more', collapseText: '...less' }"></a> </div> <div class="page-number semibold-large-text"> 95 </div> </div> <div class="item-block"> <div class="item-link"> <a href="/JERA.70.117">Managing Design Changes through Integrating Concurrent Engineering into the Architectural Design Process</a> </div> <div class="item-link volume-authors"> <div class="semibold-middle-text"> Authors: Ayman Ahmed Ezzat Othman, Mariam Sherif Ali </div> </div> <div id="abstractTextBlock607117" class="volume-info volume-info-text volume-info-description"> Abstract: This research aims to investigate the role of concurrent engineering (CE) towards managing design changes (DCs) during the architectural design process (ADP). To achieve this aim, a mixed research approach combining qualitative and quantitative methods was designed to accomplish four objectives. Firstly, the literature review investigated ADP, causes and impacts of DCs and CE. Secondly, three case studies of construction projects from Finland, China and Indonesia were collected and analysed to validate the identified causes and impacts of DCs and examine the role of CE towards managing DCs during ADP. Thirdly, a survey questionnaire was conducted with a representative sample of Architectural Design Firms (ADFs) in Egypt to assess their perception and application of CE as an approach for managing DCs during ADP. Based on the above, the research developed and validated a framework to manage DCs by integrating CE into ADP. Data analysis showed that the “Inability of clients and end-users to comprehend and explain the project requirements due to lack of technical knowledge” and “Inability of clients and end-users to accept advice and guidance” were ranked the highest influential causes of design changes (CDCs). In addition, the “Nature of the traditional procurement approach” and “Insufficient support from the senior management” were ranked the highest challenges of integrating CE in ADFs. These findings informed the research and helped in the development of the proposed framework, which represents a novel and creative synthesis that adds value to knowledge in a way that has not previously occurred. </div> <div> <a data-readmore="{ block: '#abstractTextBlock607117', lines: 2, expandText: '...more', collapseText: '...less' }"></a> </div> <div class="page-number semibold-large-text"> 117 </div> </div> <div class="block-bottom-pagination"> <div class="pager-info"> <p>Showing 1 to 8 of 8 Paper Titles</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="social-icon-popup"> <a href="https://www.facebook.com/Scientific.Net.Ltd/" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="Scientific.Net"><i class="inline-icon facebook-popup-icon social-icon"></i></a> <a href="https://twitter.com/Scientific_Net/" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="Scientific.Net"><i class="inline-icon twitter-popup-icon social-icon"></i></a> <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/scientificnet/" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="Scientific.Net"><i class="inline-icon linkedin-popup-icon social-icon"></i></a> </div> </div> <div class="sc-footer"> <div class="footer-fluid"> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="footer-menu col-md-12 col-sm-12 col-xs-12"> <ul class="list-inline menu-font"> <li><a href="/ForLibraries">For Libraries</a></li> <li><a href="/ForPublication/Paper">For Publication</a></li> <li><a href="/insights" target="_blank">Insights</a></li> <li><a href="/DocuCenter">Downloads</a></li> <li><a href="/Home/AboutUs">About Us</a></li> <li><a href="/PolicyAndEthics/PublishingPolicies">Policy & Ethics</a></li> <li><a href="/Home/Contacts">Contact Us</a></li> <li><a href="/Home/Imprint">Imprint</a></li> <li><a href="/Home/PrivacyPolicy">Privacy Policy</a></li> <li><a href="/Home/Sitemap">Sitemap</a></li> <li><a href="/Conferences">All Conferences</a></li> <li><a href="/special-issues">All Special Issues</a></li> <li><a href="/news/all">All News</a></li> <li><a href="/read-and-publish-agreements">Read & Publish Agreements</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="line-footer"></div> <div class="footer-fluid"> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-xs-12"> <a href="https://www.facebook.com/Scientific.Net.Ltd/" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="Scientific.Net"><i class="inline-icon facebook-footer-icon social-icon"></i></a> <a href="https://twitter.com/Scientific_Net/" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="Scientific.Net"><i class="inline-icon twitter-footer-icon social-icon"></i></a> <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/scientificnet/" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="Scientific.Net"><i class="inline-icon linkedin-footer-icon social-icon"></i></a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="line-footer"></div> <div class="footer-fluid"> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-xs-12 footer-copyright"> <p> © 2024 Trans Tech Publications Ltd. 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International Journal of Engineering Research in Africa Vol. 70 | Scientific.Net