International Journal of Engineering Research in Africa Vol. 59

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</div> </div> </div> <div class="row mobile-collapse-content"> <a href="/JERA.65" class="normal-large-text icon-container"> <div class="element-list"> <div class="element-list-text"> International Journal of Engineering Research in Africa <br /> <span class="paper-volume-number">Vol. 65</span> </div> <div class="element-list-arrow"> <i class="inline-icon arrow-right-black no-focus-icon on-hover-arrow-left-red"></i> </div> </div> </a> <a href="/JERA.64" class="normal-large-text icon-container"> <div class="element-list"> <div class="element-list-text"> International Journal of Engineering Research in Africa <br /> <span class="paper-volume-number">Vol. 64</span> </div> <div class="element-list-arrow"> <i class="inline-icon arrow-right-black no-focus-icon on-hover-arrow-left-red"></i> </div> </div> </a> <a href="/JERA.63" class="normal-large-text icon-container"> <div class="element-list"> <div class="element-list-text"> International Journal of Engineering Research in Africa <br /> 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</div> <div id="titleMarcXmlLink" style="display: none" class="papers-block-info col-lg-12"> <div class="row"> <div class="info-row-name normal-text-gray col-md-2 col-sm-3 col-xs-4"> <div class="row"> <p>Export:</p> </div> </div> <div class="info-row-content semibold-middle-text col-md-10 col-sm-9 col-xs-8"> <div class="row"> <p><a href="/JERA.59/marc.xml">MARCXML</a></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="papers-block-info col-lg-12"> <div class="row"> <div class="info-row-name normal-text-gray col-md-2 col-sm-3 col-xs-4"> <div class="row"> <p>ToC:</p> </div> </div> <div class="info-row-content semibold-middle-text col-md-10 col-sm-9 col-xs-8"> <div class="row"> <p><a href="/JERA.59_toc.pdf">Table of Contents</a></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="volume-tabs"> </div> <div class=""> <div class="volume-papers-page"> <div class="block-search-pagination clearfix"> <div class="block-search-volume"> <input id="paper-search" type="search" placeholder="Search" maxlength="65"> </div> <div class="pagination-container"><ul class="pagination"><li class="active"><span>1</span></li><li><a href="/JERA.59/2">2</a></li><li class="PagedList-skipToNext"><a href="/JERA.59/2" rel="next">></a></li></ul></div> </div> <div class="block-volume-title normal-text-gray"> <p> Paper Title <span>Page</span> </p> </div> <div class="item-block"> <div class="item-link"> <a href="/JERA.59.1">Effect of Hydroforming Drawing Cups on Thickness Variation and Surface Roughness</a> </div> <div class="item-link volume-authors"> <div class="semibold-middle-text"> Authors: Abdelkhalik Eladl, Ossama B. Abouelatta, Magdy Samuel, Tawakol A. Enab </div> </div> <div id="abstractTextBlock566832" class="volume-info volume-info-text volume-info-description"> Abstract: Recently, hydroforming was developed to address the emerging problems encountered by the conventional rigid tool-based deep drawing process. Hydroforming is a specialized type of die forming process, that uses a rigid die while the pressure provided by the liquid acts as a punch to shape the sheet metal. The current paper is directed to study the hydroforming process numerically and experimentally as a means for shaping aluminum alloy sheets based on the quality of product thickness variation and surface roughness. Moreover, it offered a comparative investigation of the experimental and numerical findings of this process. Therefore, thickness variation has been calculated numerically by designing a numerical model using Marc software which fits in large deformation simulation. On the other hand, thickness variation and surface roughness were measured experimentally along drawn cups and compared with the numerical results. The numerical results of thickness variation are matched with the experimental results. Furthermore, surface roughness was measured and compared before and after drawing at five regions. Since there is no contact between the upper side of a cup and any metallic parts, surface roughness depends only on the effect of plastic strain and was found to be increased in all regions. </div> <div> <a data-readmore="{ block: '#abstractTextBlock566832', lines: 2, expandText: '...more', collapseText: '...less' }"></a> </div> <div class="page-number semibold-large-text"> 1 </div> </div> <div class="item-block"> <div class="item-link"> <a href="/JERA.59.19">Mechanical Properties of Concrete Incorporating Waste Glass as Replacement for Fine and Coarse Aggregate</a> </div> <div class="item-link volume-authors"> <div class="semibold-middle-text"> Authors: Oluwole A. Olawuyi, Mutiu Kareem, Kazeem Ishola, Raseed O. Bolaji, Olusola O. Fadipe </div> </div> <div id="abstractTextBlock563339" class="volume-info volume-info-text volume-info-description"> Abstract: This study investigates the effects of waste glass as a replacement for fine and coarse aggregates on the strength properties of concrete. Fine waste glass (FWG) and coarse waste glass (CWG) were utilised to replace natural fine and coarse aggregates at replacement rates of 0%, 10%, 15%, and 20%, with a constant water-to-binder (w/b) ratio of 0.5 and a mix ratio of 1:1½:3 for M25 grade. The workability of fresh concrete mix was determined with the slump test. To assess the hardened characteristics of concrete, compressive and tensile strength tests were performed at 7, 14, and 28 days’ curing ages. The results show that the workability of concrete decreases as the FWG and CWG contents in the concrete mix increase. The 28-day compressive and tensile strengths of concrete increased by 28% and 16% respectively, with the replacement of up to 15% FWG and CWG, respectively compared to the control. However, the compressive and tensile strengths of concrete reduces with further replacement of fine and coarse aggregate with waste glass. The strength properties of concrete are improved at the optimum permissible level of 15% FWG and CWG, respectively, as a substitute for conventional fine and coarse aggregates. It was concluded that using waste glass as a constituent material in concrete production is a viable option for disposing of waste glass and lowering concrete production costs. </div> <div> <a data-readmore="{ block: '#abstractTextBlock563339', lines: 2, expandText: '...more', collapseText: '...less' }"></a> </div> <div class="page-number semibold-large-text"> 19 </div> </div> <div class="item-block"> <div class="item-link"> <a href="/JERA.59.29">Physical, Mechanical and Hygroscopic Behaviour of Compressed Earth Blocks Stabilized with Cement and Reinforced with Bamboo Fibres</a> </div> <div class="item-link volume-authors"> <div class="semibold-middle-text"> Authors: Dieudonné Abessolo, Achille Bernard Biwole, Didier Fokwa, Bernard Morino Ganou Koungang, Yembe Benjamin Baah </div> </div> <div id="abstractTextBlock561277" class="volume-info volume-info-text volume-info-description"> Abstract: This paper describes the physical, mechanical, and hygroscopic behaviour of compressed earth bricks (CEB) reinforced with fibres of <i>Bambusa vulgaris</i>. Three fibre contents (0.5, 0.75, and 1.0 wt.%) and lengths of fibre (4, 5 and 6 cm) were considered as reinforcement for the compressed earth blocks based on cement stabilisation with 8.0% of the weight of the mixture. CEB composites were compacted with a static loading by applying a compacting stress of 15 MPa. Results show that the appropriate addition of Bamboo fibres can improve mechanical properties of CEBs. In particular, the compressive strength increases by 43.6%, at an optimum fibre content of 0.5 wt.% and at a length of 4 cm. The compressive strength also increases of 24.6% and 25.6% for a fibre content of 0.75 wt.% at 4 cm long and for 0.5 wt.% at 5 cm long respectively. The flexural strength also increases with increase in fibre content and length of fibre. The highest value of flexural strength is obtained with CEB containing 1.0 wt.% of fibre content while the lowest value is obtained with blocks without reinforcement. For the water absorption, there is an increase by 18.4, 25.1 and 27.6% when the fibre content increases by 0 to 1.0 wt.% for fibres length of 4, 5 and 6 cm long, respectively. However, as the fibre content and length increase, the density decreases, and the porosity and water absorption increase due to their porous character and hydrophilic. </div> <div> <a data-readmore="{ block: '#abstractTextBlock561277', lines: 2, expandText: '...more', collapseText: '...less' }"></a> </div> <div class="page-number semibold-large-text"> 29 </div> </div> <div class="item-block"> <div class="item-link"> <a href="/JERA.59.43">Physico-Chemical and Thermomechanical Analysis and ‎Characterization of ‎a Thermoplastic Composite Material Reinforced by Washingtonia Filifera Novel Vegetable Fibers</a> </div> <div class="item-link volume-authors"> <div class="semibold-middle-text"> Authors: Djamel Edinne Gaagaia, Mustapha Bouakba, María del Mar Barbero-Barrera, Layachi Abdelheq, Nadir Boutasseta </div> </div> <div id="abstractTextBlock568177" class="volume-info volume-info-text volume-info-description"> Abstract: In this paper, ‎morphological, physico-chemical and thermal properties investigations‎ are carried out for a ‎novel ‎composite material reinforced by Washingtonia Filifera (WF) palm fibers using a 20 weight (wt) % loading rate. The experimental analysis by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) shows the longitudinal roughness of the surface, which plays a very important role in the adhesion between the WF fibers and the High Density ‎PolyethylenE (HDPE) resin. FTIR tests of the composite (WF 20%/ HDPE) represent out of plane vibrations involving ring and CH2 symmetric bending in cellulose chain.‎ Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and Derivative thermogravimetric ‎(DTG) thermal analysis show a thermal stability at 210°C, 2.5% residual mass ‎and 745 °C maximum ‎temperature. X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis shows that the ‎crystallinity index is 59.2%, with a size of ‎‎23 nm. Using tensile tests, a Young modulus of 858.6 MPa, ‎17% elongation and a maximum stress of 15 MPa ‎are found. The obtained characteristics of WF reinforced composite are better than those of Bamboo reinforced composites which has been proven to have characteristics superior to those of standard particleboard and medium density fiberboard used mainly in the construction industry. </div> <div> <a data-readmore="{ block: '#abstractTextBlock568177', lines: 2, expandText: '...more', collapseText: '...less' }"></a> </div> <div class="page-number semibold-large-text"> 43 </div> </div> <div class="item-block"> <div class="item-link"> <a href="/JERA.59.57">Recycling of Synthetic Waste Wig Fiber in the Production of Cement-Adobe for Building Envelope: Physio-Hydric Properties</a> </div> <div class="item-link volume-authors"> <div class="semibold-middle-text"> Authors: Abayomi Adewale Akinwande, Adeolu Adesoji Adediran, Oluwatosin Abiodun Balogun, Olanrewaju Seun Adesina, Adebayo Felix Owa, Akeem Oladele Ademati, Bayode Julius Olorunfemi, Ajisegiri Emmanuel </div> </div> <div id="abstractTextBlock577810" class="volume-info volume-info-text volume-info-description"> Abstract: Waste wigs are often disposed of in their volume in landfills, thus constituting a nuisance to the environment. Recycling these wigs in masonry bricks is a way via which they can be recycled and reused. On such premises, waste wig fiber (WWF) was recycled by incorporating it into the cement-sand-clay composite mix for masonry brick production. The challenges masonry bricks face include shrinkage and water susceptibility, hence the contributory effect of WWF on physio-hydric properties was assessed in this study. Sample preparation entailed the blending of cement, sand, clay soil, and waste wig fiber. The control mix was prepared by commixing clay with 10 % cement (by clay volume) and 20 % sand (by clay volume). Other mix proportions were reinforced with 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 % WWF by clay volume. Prepared composites brick samples were cured for 28 and 56 days and tested for physio-hydric properties. Results revealed that WWF contributed significantly to improving hydro-resisting properties by minimizing porosity, water and moisture absorption, capillary suction, and water permeability. Furthermore, WWF contributed to dimensional stability by reducing shrinkages and weight loss. Hydration time impacts significantly in reducing apparent porosity, water permeability coefficient, moisture and water absorption, capillary suction coefficient; increasing apparent density, weight loss, linear, and volumetric shrinkage. Prolonged time in water ensued higher water absorption. The general outcome depicts that WWF showed promising performance in bricks developed in enhancing water and moisture susceptibility resistance and promoting mass and dimensional stability; hence, it can be employed in reinforcing cement adobe bricks. </div> <div> <a data-readmore="{ block: '#abstractTextBlock577810', lines: 2, expandText: '...more', collapseText: '...less' }"></a> </div> <div class="page-number semibold-large-text"> 57 </div> </div> <div class="item-block"> <div class="item-link"> <a href="/JERA.59.77">Elaboration and Charpy Test of Bioplastics Reinforced by Renewable Fibers: Starch /Diss</a> </div> <div class="item-link volume-authors"> <div class="semibold-middle-text"> Authors: Karek Rabie, Mostafa Mostafa, Khalfi Mehdi, Zine Abdallah </div> </div> <div id="abstractTextBlock580386" class="volume-info volume-info-text volume-info-description"> Abstract: This work is based on an investigation study to develop bio-composite materials that are renewable, biodegradable, and environmentally safe. The fibers used in this work are extracted from the plant Ampelodesma Mauritanica, It is a wild plant that is produced in abundance in the Mediterranean regions. Through this work, an overview of Diss fibers was provided, developing bio-composite using different starch matrices reinforced by Diss fibers, and evaluate their mechanical behavior using Charpy-tests to determine standard test specimens to estimate Weibull parameters suitable for the composite using statistical methods based on Weibull distribution. The obtained results, it was found that the bio-composite starch/Diss 40% Glycerol and 5% fiber reinforcement (SG40/RF5) had better results compared to the rest of the bio-composite, The Charpy impact energy modulus was about 31.25 (KJ/m<sup>2</sup>), which is 2.1 times higher than that achieved Measured from SG40 matrix (40% glycerol), and 1.3 times higher than those fortified with 10% fiber SG40/RF10 (40% glycerol reinforcement 10% fiber), and the statistical study confirmed the distribution of the results obtained, especially Weibull, which has three parameters. </div> <div> <a data-readmore="{ block: '#abstractTextBlock580386', lines: 2, expandText: '...more', collapseText: '...less' }"></a> </div> <div class="page-number semibold-large-text"> 77 </div> </div> <div class="item-block"> <div class="item-link"> <a href="/JERA.59.89">Characterization and Mechanical Property Measurements by Instrumented Indentation Testing of Niger Delta Oil Shale Cuttings</a> </div> <div class="item-link volume-authors"> <div class="semibold-middle-text"> Authors: Ifeanyi Emmanuel Kalu, Ericmoore Jossou, Emmanuel Kwesi Arthur, Simon Ja'afaru, Edith Yohanna Ishidi </div> </div> <div id="abstractTextBlock582021" class="volume-info volume-info-text volume-info-description"> Abstract: Oil shales have unstable mechanical and chemical properties, which makes their extraction for characterization and conventional mechanical testing uneasy and complex. Most often, mechanical property measurements are usually taken from core samples that are costly to extract and test using conventional testing methods. This paper presents a focused study carried out on oil shale cuttings obtained from the sidewalls of two different wellbore depths in the Niger Delta area of Nigeria. Using the X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) characterization techniques, the morphology of these shales was studied. The results obtained clearly showed the composition, bonding and variations in the morphology of the studied shale samples. Furthermore, the heterogeneity associated with these shales across varied depths were revealed. An efficient and less expensive technique compared to conventional testing methods, instrumented indentation testing (IIT) was carried out to obtain essential mechanical parameters of the shale specimen. These properties are important parameters in determining the hydrocarbon storage space of shale formations, wellbore stability, and optimization of hydraulic fracturing which is necessary for efficient drilling operations. </div> <div> <a data-readmore="{ block: '#abstractTextBlock582021', lines: 2, expandText: '...more', collapseText: '...less' }"></a> </div> <div class="page-number semibold-large-text"> 89 </div> </div> <div class="item-block"> <div class="item-link"> <a href="/JERA.59.101">Geotechnical Beneficiation of the Strength Indices of Lateritic Soil Using Steel Slag and Cement</a> </div> <div class="item-link volume-authors"> <div class="semibold-middle-text"> Authors: Solomon I. Adedokun, Olukorede M. Osuolale, Akindele C. Apata, Walied A.H. Elsaigh, Bolanle D. Ikotun, Johnson R. Oluremi </div> </div> <div id="abstractTextBlock581403" class="volume-info volume-info-text volume-info-description"> Abstract: The impact of admixture of both Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) and steel slag was examined on the geotechnical properties of the lateritic soil, by conducting basic geotechnical tests: Particle size analysis, Consistency limits, Compaction, California Bearing Ratio (CBR) and Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS) on both the natural and stabilized soil samples and results were subjected to statistical analysis using 2-way ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) at 5% level of significance. The natural soil was classified as s A-7-6 and MH under standard soil classification systems. Addition of steel slag lowered the liquid limit (LL) and plasticity index (PI), while cement increased the LL and decreased PI of the lateritic soil, respectively. With increasing content of slag and cement, maximum dry density increased with the corresponding decrease in optimum moisture content. CBR and UCS of the stabilized soil increased substantially with increasing contents of slag and cement. Both steel slag and cement have statistically significant effects on the geotechnical properties of the lateritic soil. Hence, this soil can be stabilized with addition of 12% steel slag and 6% cement contents for its application as an improved subgrade material for light trafficked pavement. Keywords: Lateritic soil, steel slag, cement, stabilization, Index properties, strength indices. </div> <div> <a data-readmore="{ block: '#abstractTextBlock581403', lines: 2, expandText: '...more', collapseText: '...less' }"></a> </div> <div class="page-number semibold-large-text"> 101 </div> </div> <div class="item-block"> <div class="item-link"> <a href="/JERA.59.119">Swelling Pressure Prediction of Compacted Unsaturated Expansive Soils</a> </div> <div class="item-link volume-authors"> <div class="semibold-middle-text"> Authors: Aneke Frank Ikechukwu, Mohamed M.H. Mostafa </div> </div> <div id="abstractTextBlock562437" class="volume-info volume-info-text volume-info-description"> Abstract: Generally, expansive soils undergoes significant volumetric deformation, which causes structural damages to existing infrastructures. Damages due to expansive activities are noticeable in pavements, buildings, earth dams, retaining walls etc. To estimate swelling stress, accurate assessment of soil absorption of water over time, with respect to soil volumetric change is required. However, the time frame requires for completion of swelling cycle is relatively long. With this in view, several attempts with great success have been made by researchers to predict swelling pressure of expansive soils using soil mechanics index properties. In this study, the interrelation between unsaturated soil mechanics property i.e. Matric suction () and geotechnical soil indexes were utilized to develop three predictive multi-regression equation for swelling stress. Series of Atterberg limit tests, matric suction tests, free swell index (FSI) tests and zero swelling tests (ZST) were performed to obtain the dependent and independent variables for the multi-regression analysis. Based on the experimental results, empirical relationships were developed to determine swelling stress as a function of matric suction, gravimetric moisture content (GMC), FSI, dry density and plasticity index using mathematical software package (NCSS11). The developed predictive multi-regression models were used to estimate the experimental swelling stress (. The scattered plot showed good agreement between the measured and predicted data, with coefficient of determination (R<sup>2</sup>) and mean square error (MSE) of 0.9443, 0.9793, 0.9310 and 0.0051%, 0.0021% and 0.0067% for models 1, 2 and 3 respectively. </div> <div> <a data-readmore="{ block: '#abstractTextBlock562437', lines: 2, expandText: '...more', collapseText: '...less' }"></a> </div> <div class="page-number semibold-large-text"> 119 </div> </div> <div class="item-block"> <div class="item-link"> <a href="/JERA.59.135">Impact of Improved Unified Power Quality Conditioner Allocation in Radial Distribution Network</a> </div> <div class="item-link volume-authors"> <div class="semibold-middle-text"> Authors: Oluwafunso Oluwole Osaloni, Akshay Kumar Saha </div> </div> <div id="abstractTextBlock563554" class="volume-info volume-info-text volume-info-description"> Abstract: This paper presents the investigative study on the Unified Power Quality Conditioner (UPQC) impact on Radial Distribution System (RDS). The architecture of Power Angle Controlled UPQC named Improved Unified Power Quality Conditioner (I-UPQC) was implemented in RDS. The problem of power loss, under-voltage, and reactive power burden on shunt inverters are the significant issues addressed in this study. The allocation of I-UPQC by placing it at each bus of the RDS one node at each iteration, excluding the swing bus, is studied by considering its impact on each bus of the radial network. The Power Loss Index (PLI) and Degree of Under Voltage Mitigation Node (DUVMN) values of all the buses are calculated analytically using distribution framework expressions of I-UPQC. Hence, the bus having the highest PLI value, and the minimum permissible node voltage is the most favourable. The determination of the candidate bus for I-UPQC was achieved by the load flow algorithm. The results obtained in this study on IEEE 33 and 69 bus system shows 3.9% and 4.2% power loss reduction respectively for both networks. Also, the minimum bus voltage was improved to 0.954 p.u. and 0.955 p.u. in each case for both networks, after the allocation of I-UPQC in RDS, compared to the base case. Consequently, the VA burden on shunt inverter was reduced by reactive power compensation of the series inverter. The results and simulation obtained in MATLAB / SIMULINK environment and discussion to support the concept developed are also presented. The results from the study confirmed that the concept of I-UPQC placement impacted the operation of RDS compared to the other connected UPQC model. </div> <div> <a data-readmore="{ block: '#abstractTextBlock563554', lines: 2, expandText: '...more', collapseText: '...less' }"></a> </div> <div class="page-number semibold-large-text"> 135 </div> </div> <div class="block-bottom-pagination"> <div class="pager-info"> <p>Showing 1 to 10 of 15 Paper Titles</p> </div> <div class="pagination-container"><ul class="pagination"><li class="active"><span>1</span></li><li><a href="/JERA.59/2">2</a></li><li class="PagedList-skipToNext"><a href="/JERA.59/2" rel="next">></a></li></ul></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="social-icon-popup"> <a href="https://www.facebook.com/Scientific.Net.Ltd/" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="Scientific.Net"><i class="inline-icon facebook-popup-icon social-icon"></i></a> <a href="https://twitter.com/Scientific_Net/" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="Scientific.Net"><i class="inline-icon twitter-popup-icon social-icon"></i></a> <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/scientificnet/" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="Scientific.Net"><i class="inline-icon linkedin-popup-icon social-icon"></i></a> </div> </div> <div class="sc-footer"> <div class="footer-fluid"> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="footer-menu col-md-12 col-sm-12 col-xs-12"> <ul class="list-inline menu-font"> <li><a href="/ForLibraries">For Libraries</a></li> <li><a href="/ForPublication/Paper">For Publication</a></li> <li><a href="/insights" target="_blank">Insights</a></li> <li><a href="/DocuCenter">Downloads</a></li> <li><a href="/Home/AboutUs">About Us</a></li> <li><a href="/PolicyAndEthics/PublishingPolicies">Policy & Ethics</a></li> <li><a href="/Home/Contacts">Contact Us</a></li> <li><a href="/Home/Imprint">Imprint</a></li> <li><a href="/Home/PrivacyPolicy">Privacy Policy</a></li> <li><a href="/Home/Sitemap">Sitemap</a></li> <li><a href="/Conferences">All Conferences</a></li> <li><a href="/special-issues">All Special Issues</a></li> <li><a href="/news/all">All News</a></li> <li><a href="/open-access-partners">Open Access Partners</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="line-footer"></div> <div class="footer-fluid"> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-xs-12"> <a href="https://www.facebook.com/Scientific.Net.Ltd/" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="Scientific.Net"><i class="inline-icon facebook-footer-icon social-icon"></i></a> <a href="https://twitter.com/Scientific_Net/" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="Scientific.Net"><i class="inline-icon twitter-footer-icon social-icon"></i></a> <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/scientificnet/" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="Scientific.Net"><i class="inline-icon linkedin-footer-icon social-icon"></i></a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="line-footer"></div> <div class="footer-fluid"> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-xs-12 footer-copyright"> <p> © 2025 Trans Tech Publications Ltd. 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International Journal of Engineering Research in Africa Vol. 59 | Scientific.Net