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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prehistory"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Prehistory</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Prehistory-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Middle_Ages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Middle_Ages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Middle Ages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Middle_Ages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Importance_of_monasteries_and_churches" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Importance_of_monasteries_and_churches"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Importance of monasteries and churches</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Importance_of_monasteries_and_churches-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1780–1809" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1780–1809"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>1780–1809</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1780–1809-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sonderbund" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sonderbund"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Sonderbund</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sonderbund-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Modern_times" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modern_times"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>Modern times</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Modern_times-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Geography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Geography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Topography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Topography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Topography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Topography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Climate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Politics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Politics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Politics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Politics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Politics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Politics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Coat_of_arms" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Coat_of_arms"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Coat of arms</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Coat_of_arms-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Administrative_divisions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Administrative_divisions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Administrative divisions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Administrative_divisions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Government" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Government"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Government</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Government-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Parliament" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Parliament"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Parliament</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Parliament-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Elections" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Elections"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Elections</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Elections-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-National_Council" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#National_Council"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5.1</span> <span>National Council</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-National_Council-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Demographics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Demographics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Population" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Population"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Population</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Population-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Historic_population" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historic_population"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Historic population</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Historic_population-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Languages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Languages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Languages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Languages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Economy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Economy subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Development_of_trade_and_economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Development_of_trade_and_economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Development of trade and economy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Development_of_trade_and_economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economic_situation_today" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economic_situation_today"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Economic situation today</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economic_situation_today-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Transport</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Transport-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Transport subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Roads" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Roads"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Roads</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Roads-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Railway" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Railway"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Railway</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Railway-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Public_transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Public_transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>Public transport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Public_transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Airport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Airport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.4</span> <span>Airport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Airport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture_and_tourism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture_and_tourism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Culture and tourism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Culture_and_tourism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Heritage_sites_of_national_significance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Heritage_sites_of_national_significance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Heritage sites of national significance</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Heritage_sites_of_national_significance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Sports</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_residents" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_residents"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Notable residents</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_residents-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sister_cities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sister_cities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Sister cities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sister_cities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Fribourg</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 79 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-79" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">79 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freiburg_im_%C3%9Cechtland" title="Freiburg im Üechtland – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Freiburg im Üechtland" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%BA" title="فريبورغ – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="فريبورغ" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frib%C3%B4rg" title="Fribôrg – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Fribôrg" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1%DA%AF" title="فریبورگ – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="فریبورگ" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fribourg" title="Fribourg – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Fribourg" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80" title="Фрыбур – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Фрыбур" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80_(%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4)" title="Фрыбур (горад) – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Фрыбур (горад)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80" title="Фрибур – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Фрибур" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fribourg_(Suis)" title="Fribourg (Suis) – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Fribourg (Suis)" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friburg_(Su%C3%AFssa)" title="Friburg (Suïssa) – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Friburg (Suïssa)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80_(%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD)" title="Фрибур (кантон) – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Фрибур (кантон)" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fribourg_(munisipyo)" title="Fribourg (munisipyo) – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Fribourg (munisipyo)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fribourg" title="Fribourg – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Fribourg" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fribourg_(dinas)" title="Fribourg (dinas) – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Fribourg (dinas)" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fribourg" title="Fribourg – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Fribourg" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freiburg_im_%C3%9Cechtland" title="Freiburg im Üechtland – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Freiburg im Üechtland" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fribourg" title="Fribourg – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Fribourg" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A6%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BC%CF%80%CE%BF%CF%8D%CF%81" title="Φριμπούρ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Φριμπούρ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friburgo_(Suiza)" title="Friburgo (Suiza) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Friburgo (Suiza)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friburgo" title="Friburgo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Friburgo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friburgo_(Suitza)" title="Friburgo (Suitza) – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Friburgo (Suitza)" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1%DA%AF" title="فریبورگ – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="فریبورگ" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fribourg_(ville_suisse)" title="Fribourg (ville suisse) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Fribourg (ville suisse)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fribourg" title="Fribourg – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Fribourg" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fribourg" title="Fribourg – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Fribourg" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friburgo,_Su%C3%ADza" title="Friburgo, Suíza – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Friburgo, Suíza" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%94%84%EB%A6%AC%EB%B6%80%EB%A5%B4" title="프리부르 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="프리부르" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%96%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%A2%D5%B8%D6%82%D6%80_(%D6%84%D5%A1%D5%B2%D5%A1%D6%84)" title="Ֆրիբուր (քաղաք) – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ֆրիբուր (քաղաք)" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fribourg" title="Fribourg – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Fribourg" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fribourg" title="Fribourg – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Fribourg" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fribourg_(Sviss)" title="Fribourg (Sviss) – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Fribourg (Sviss)" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friburgo_(Svizzera)" title="Friburgo (Svizzera) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Friburgo (Svizzera)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%91%D7%95%D7%A8" title="פריבור – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פריבור" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fribourg" title="Fribourg – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Fribourg" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A4%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%91%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="ფრიბური – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ფრიბური" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fr%C3%A9b%C3%B9rg/Fribourg" title="Frébùrg/Fribourg – Kashubian" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Frébùrg/Fribourg" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="Kashubian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fribourg" title="Fribourg – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Fribourg" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fribourg" title="Fribourg – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Fribourg" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friburgum_Nuithonum" title="Friburgum Nuithonum – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Friburgum Nuithonum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frib%C5%ABra" title="Fribūra – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Fribūra" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fribourg_(Schw%C3%A4iz)" title="Fribourg (Schwäiz) – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Fribourg (Schwäiz)" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frib%C5%ABras" title="Fribūras – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Fribūras" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friburgh_(CH-FR)" title="Friburgh (CH-FR) – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Friburgh (CH-FR)" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fribourg" title="Fribourg – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Fribourg" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A4%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%91%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="ფრიბური – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ფრიბური" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AC" title="فريبورج – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="فريبورج" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fribourg_(stad)" title="Fribourg (stad) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Fribourg (stad)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%95%E3%83%AA%E3%83%96%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB" title="フリブール – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="フリブール" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friburgo" title="Friburgo – Neapolitan" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Friburgo" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Neapolitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80" title="Фрибур – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Фрибур" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freiburg_(Sweits)" title="Freiburg (Sweits) – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Freiburg (Sweits)" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fribourg" title="Fribourg – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Fribourg" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fribourg" title="Fribourg – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Fribourg" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A8%D8%B1%DA%AF" title="فریبرگ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="فریبرگ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friborgh" title="Friborgh – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Friborgh" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fryburg_(miasto)" title="Fryburg (miasto) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Fryburg (miasto)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friburgo_(Su%C3%AD%C3%A7a)" title="Friburgo (Suíça) – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Friburgo (Suíça)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fribourg" title="Fribourg – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Fribourg" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friburg" title="Friburg – Romansh" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Friburg" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="Romansh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80" title="Фрибур – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Фрибур" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fribourg" title="Fribourg – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Fribourg" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friburgu_(Svizzira)" title="Friburgu (Svizzira) – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Friburgu (Svizzira)" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fribourg_(city)" title="Fribourg (city) – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Fribourg (city)" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fribourg_(%C5%A0vaj%C4%8Diarsko)" title="Fribourg (Švajčiarsko) – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Fribourg (Švajčiarsko)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fribourg" title="Fribourg – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Fribourg" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80" title="Фрибур – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Фрибур" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fribourg" title="Fribourg – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Fribourg" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fribourg" title="Fribourg – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Fribourg" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fribourg" title="Fribourg – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Fribourg" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80" title="Фрибур – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Фрибур" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C" title="ฟรีบูร์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ฟรีบูร์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fribourg" title="Fribourg – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Fribourg" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D1%96%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80" title="Фрібур – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Фрібур" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friburgo_(Svisara)" title="Friburgo (Svisara) – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Friburgo (Svisara)" 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Fribourg&params=46_48_N_7_09_E_region:CH-FR_type:city(38039)"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">46°48′N</span> <span class="longitude">7°09′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">46.800°N 7.150°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">46.800; 7.150</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Fribourg_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Fribourg (disambiguation)">Fribourg (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Freiburg_im_Breisgau" title="Freiburg im Breisgau">Freiburg im Breisgau</a>, a city in Germany.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Municipality in Switzerland</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Fribourg/Freiburg</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_Switzerland" title="Municipalities of Switzerland">Municipality</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Panorama_Fribourg_107.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Fall in Fribourg"><img alt="Fall in Fribourg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Panorama_Fribourg_107.JPG/330px-Panorama_Fribourg_107.JPG" decoding="async" width="265" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Panorama_Fribourg_107.JPG/500px-Panorama_Fribourg_107.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Panorama_Fribourg_107.JPG/960px-Panorama_Fribourg_107.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3008" data-file-height="2000" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Fall in Fribourg</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:CHE_Fribourg_Flag.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Fribourg/Freiburg"><img alt="Flag of Fribourg/Freiburg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/CHE_Fribourg_Flag.svg/60px-CHE_Fribourg_Flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/CHE_Fribourg_Flag.svg/90px-CHE_Fribourg_Flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/CHE_Fribourg_Flag.svg/120px-CHE_Fribourg_Flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Flag</div></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:CHE_Fribourg_COA.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Fribourg/Freiburg"><img alt="Coat of arms of Fribourg/Freiburg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/CHE_Fribourg_COA.svg/60px-CHE_Fribourg_COA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="64" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/CHE_Fribourg_COA.svg/90px-CHE_Fribourg_COA.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/CHE_Fribourg_COA.svg/120px-CHE_Fribourg_COA.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="490" data-file-height="523" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Coat of arms</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1214851843">.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{box-sizing:border-box;width:100%;padding:5px;border:none;font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .hidden-title{font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .hidden-content{text-align:left}@media all and (max-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{width:auto!important;clear:none!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="text-align:center; height:5px;">Location of Fribourg/Freiburg</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style=""> <div class="center" style="margin-top:1em"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 270px; height: 200px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="270" data-height="200" data-zoom="12" data-overlays="["_f5858ebc1b16fd598a5594d881e997ecbf20f205"]"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,12,a,a,270x200.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Fribourg&revid=1280436777&groups=_f5858ebc1b16fd598a5594d881e997ecbf20f205" width="270" height="200" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,12,a,a,270x200@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Fribourg&revid=1280436777&groups=_f5858ebc1b16fd598a5594d881e997ecbf20f205 2x" alt="Map" /></a></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="switcher-container"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Switzerland_adm_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Fribourg/Freiburg is located in Switzerland"><img alt="Fribourg/Freiburg is located in Switzerland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Switzerland_adm_location_map.svg/250px-Switzerland_adm_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Switzerland_adm_location_map.svg/375px-Switzerland_adm_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Switzerland_adm_location_map.svg/500px-Switzerland_adm_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1347" data-file-height="864" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:51.163%;left:27.551%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Fribourg/Freiburg"><img alt="Fribourg/Freiburg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Fribourg/Freiburg</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"></div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Switzerland</span></div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738" /><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Reliefkarte_Freiburg_blank.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Fribourg/Freiburg is located in Canton of Fribourg"><img alt="Fribourg/Freiburg is located in Canton of Fribourg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Reliefkarte_Freiburg_blank.png/250px-Reliefkarte_Freiburg_blank.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="276" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Reliefkarte_Freiburg_blank.png/500px-Reliefkarte_Freiburg_blank.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1840" data-file-height="2034" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:38.708%;left:57.622%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Fribourg/Freiburg"><img alt="Fribourg/Freiburg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Fribourg/Freiburg</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"></div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Canton of Fribourg</span></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Fribourg&params=46_48_N_7_09_E_region:CH-FR_type:city(38039)"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">46°48′N</span> <span class="longitude">7°09′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">46.800°N 7.150°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">46.800; 7.150</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states" title="List of sovereign states">Country</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Switzerland</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Cantons_of_Switzerland" title="Cantons of Switzerland">Canton</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Fribourg" title="Canton of Fribourg">Fribourg</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Switzerland#Canton_of_Fribourg" title="Districts of Switzerland">District</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Sarine_(district)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sarine (district)">La Sarine</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Executive_(government)" title="Executive (government)">Executive</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><i><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Government"><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Conseil communal</i></span> / <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Gemeinderat</i></span></a></i> <br />with 5 members</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Mayor_(Switzerland)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mayor (Switzerland)">Mayor</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><i>Syndic/Ammann</i><a href="/wiki/List_of_mayors_of_Fribourg" title="List of mayors of Fribourg"> (list)</a><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thierry_Steiert&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thierry Steiert (page does not exist)">Thierry Steiert</a> <a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_of_Switzerland" title="Social Democratic Party of Switzerland">SPS/PSS</a><br /><span class="nowrap">(as of 2016)</span></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Parliament" title="Parliament">Parliament</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><i><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Parliament"><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Conseil général</i></span> / <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Generalrat</i></span></a></i> <br />with 80 members</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup id="cite_ref-wikidata-34465df301612b4c187d3751abe3e95527f60501-v18_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wikidata-34465df301612b4c187d3751abe3e95527f60501-v18-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">9.28 km<sup>2</sup> (3.58 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">610 m (2,000 ft)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Highest elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"> (Schönberg)</div></th><td class="infobox-data">702 m (2,303 ft)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Lowest elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"> (<a href="/wiki/Saane/Sarine" title="Saane/Sarine">La Sarine (river)</a>)</div></th><td class="infobox-data">531 m (1,742 ft)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(31 December 2018)<sup id="cite_ref-wikidata-6991017500238104b5b1a0b58b70d822a160c527-v18_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wikidata-6991017500238104b5b1a0b58b70d822a160c527-v18-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">38,365</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">4,100/km<sup>2</sup> (11,000/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonym(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data">French: <i lang="fr">Fribourgeois(e)</i><br />German: <i lang="de">Freiburger(in)</i></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_in_Switzerland" title="Time in Switzerland">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B01:00" title="UTC+01:00">UTC+01:00</a> (<a href="/wiki/Central_European_Time" title="Central European Time">Central European Time</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"> • Summer (<a href="/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">DST</a>)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B02:00" title="UTC+02:00">UTC+02:00</a> (<a href="/wiki/Central_European_Summer_Time" title="Central European Summer Time">Central European Summer Time</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Postal_codes_in_Switzerland_and_Liechtenstein" title="Postal codes in Switzerland and Liechtenstein">Postal code(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="postal-code">1700</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Community_Identification_Number#Switzerland" title="Community Identification Number">SFOS number</a></th><td class="infobox-data">2196</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166" title="ISO 3166">ISO 3166 code</a></th><td class="infobox-data nickname">CH-FR</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Localities</th><td class="infobox-data">Bourg (Burg), Beauregard, Jura, Pérolles, Neuveville (Neustadt), Auge (Au), Schoenberg (Schönberg), Places (Plätze), Bourguillon (Bürglen)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Surrounded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCdingen" title="Düdingen">Düdingen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Givisiez" title="Givisiez">Givisiez</a>, <a href="/wiki/Granges-Paccot" title="Granges-Paccot">Granges-Paccot</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marly,_Switzerland" class="mw-redirect" title="Marly, Switzerland">Marly</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pierrafortscha" title="Pierrafortscha">Pierrafortscha</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sankt_Ursen" class="mw-redirect" title="Sankt Ursen">Sankt Ursen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tafers" title="Tafers">Tafers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Villars-sur-Gl%C3%A2ne" title="Villars-sur-Glâne">Villars-sur-Glâne</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_twin_towns_and_sister_cities_in_Switzerland" title="List of twin towns and sister cities in Switzerland">Twin towns</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Rueil-Malmaison" title="Rueil-Malmaison">Rueil-Malmaison</a> (France)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ville-fribourg.ch">ville-fribourg<wbr />.ch</a></span> <br /> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.media-stat.admin.ch/maps/profile/profile.html?226.2196.en.geoRefStandard">SFSO statistics</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b><span title="French-language text"><span lang="fr" style="font-style: normal;">Fribourg</span></span></b><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or <b><span title="German-language text"><span lang="de" style="font-style: normal;">Freiburg</span></span></b><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is the capital of the <a href="/wiki/Cantons_of_Switzerland" title="Cantons of Switzerland">Swiss canton</a> of <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Fribourg" title="Canton of Fribourg">Fribourg</a> and district of <a href="/wiki/Sarine_(district)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sarine (district)">La Sarine</a>. Located on both sides of the river <a href="/wiki/Saane/Sarine" title="Saane/Sarine">Saane/Sarine</a>, on the <a href="/wiki/Swiss_Plateau" title="Swiss Plateau">Swiss Plateau</a>, it is a major economic, administrative and educational centre on the cultural border between <a href="/wiki/German-speaking_Switzerland" title="German-speaking Switzerland">German-speaking</a> and <a href="/wiki/Romandy" title="Romandy">French-speaking Switzerland</a>. Its <a href="/wiki/Old_town" title="Old town">Old City</a>, one of the best-maintained in Switzerland, sits on a small rocky hill above the valley of the Sarine. In 2018, it had a population of 38,365. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fribourg&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Prehistory">Prehistory</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fribourg&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Prehistory"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The region around Fribourg has been settled since the <a href="/wiki/Neolithic" title="Neolithic">Neolithic</a> period, although few remains have been found. These include some flint tools found near Bourguillon, as well as a stone hatchet and bronze tools. A river crossing was located in the area during the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman</a> Era. The main activity in the Swiss plateau went through the area to the north, however, and was instead centered around the valley of the river <a href="/wiki/Broye" title="Broye">Broye</a> and <a href="/wiki/Aventicum" title="Aventicum">Aventicum</a>. Therefore, only a few remains from the Roman era have been found in Fribourg. These include the traces of a wall foundation on the plains near Pérolles.<sup id="cite_ref-HDS_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HDS-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Middle_Ages">Middle Ages</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fribourg&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Middle Ages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Picswiss_FR-13-23.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a2/Picswiss_FR-13-23.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="450" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="450" /></a><figcaption>Fribourg Tour de Bourguillon</figcaption></figure> <p>The town was founded as Freiburg in 1157 by <a href="/wiki/Berthold_IV,_Duke_of_Z%C3%A4hringen" title="Berthold IV, Duke of Zähringen">Berthold IV, Duke of Zähringen</a>. Its name is derived from German <i><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">frei</i></span></i> (free) and <i><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Burg</i></span></i> (fort). Its most ancient part is conveniently located on a former peninsula of the river Sarine, protected on three sides by steep cliffs. The easily defended city helped the Dukes of Zähringen to strengthen and extend their power in the Swiss plateau in the area between the <a href="/wiki/Aare" title="Aare">Aare</a> and <a href="/wiki/Saane/Sarine" title="Saane/Sarine">La Sarine</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-HDS_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HDS-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Beginning at the time of its inception, Fribourg built a city-state; initially, the land it controlled lay some distance away. When the dukes of <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Zähringen</i></span> died out in 1218, the city was transferred to the related <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Kyburg" class="mw-redirect" title="House of Kyburg">Kyburg</a></i></span> family. They granted the city its former privileges and wrote the municipal laws in the so-called <i><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Handfeste</i></span></i> in 1249, in which the legal, institutional and economic organizations were established. Several treaties with neighbouring city-states, including <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Avenches" title="Avenches">Avenches</a></i></span> (1239), Bern (1243), and <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Murten" title="Murten">Morat</a></i></span> (<span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Murten</i></span>) (1245), were signed at this time. </p><p>The city was sold to the <a href="/wiki/Habsburgs" class="mw-redirect" title="Habsburgs">Habsburgs</a> in 1277. Trade and industry began as early as the mid-13th century. In the early period, Fribourg consisted of four distinct inner city districts: Burg, Au, La Neuveville, and Spital. The city developed rapidly, which led to its first expansion: the Burg district expanded to the west in 1224, a town was established across the river in 1254, and in 1280 development began near Place Python. These expansions reflect the economic boom in Fribourg. The 14th century was dominated by trade, and cloth and leather production, which brought the city renown in Central Europe by 1370. In 1339, Fribourg participated alongside the Habsburgs and the <a href="/wiki/County_of_Burgundy" title="County of Burgundy">County of Burgundy</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Laupen" title="Battle of Laupen">Battle of Laupen</a> against <a href="/wiki/Bern" title="Bern">Bern</a> and its <a href="/wiki/Swiss_Confederacy" class="mw-redirect" title="Swiss Confederacy">Swiss Confederacy</a> allies. </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kathedrale_mit_Saane_Fribourg.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Kathedrale_mit_Saane_Fribourg.jpg/300px-Kathedrale_mit_Saane_Fribourg.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="198" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Kathedrale_mit_Saane_Fribourg.jpg/450px-Kathedrale_mit_Saane_Fribourg.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Kathedrale_mit_Saane_Fribourg.jpg/600px-Kathedrale_mit_Saane_Fribourg.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3250" data-file-height="2144" /></a><figcaption>Fribourg</figcaption></figure> <p>The treaty with Bern was renewed in 1403. The leaders of the city began a territorial acquisition, in which they gradually brought more nearby land under their control. This laid the ground-work for the Canton of Fribourg. By 1442 the city had control of all the land within about 20 kilometres (12 mi), on both sides of the Saane. It was therefore directly controlled by the city leaders, not by any intermediate administration. </p><p>The mid-15th century was shaped by various military conflicts. First, considerable losses in a war against <a href="/wiki/House_of_Savoy" title="House of Savoy">Savoy</a> had to be made good. The Savoyard influence on the city grew, and the Habsburgs ceded it to them in 1452. It remained under the control of Savoy until the <a href="/wiki/Burgundian_Wars" title="Burgundian Wars">Burgundian Wars</a> in 1477. As an ally of Bern, Fribourg participated in the war against <a href="/wiki/Charles_I_of_Burgundy" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles I of Burgundy">Charles I of Burgundy</a>, thereby bringing more land under its control. </p><p>After the city was released from the sphere of influence of Savoy, it attained the status of <a href="/wiki/Free_Imperial_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Free Imperial City">Free Imperial City</a> in 1478. The city and its canton joined the Swiss Confederation in 1481, and has long influenced Swiss and European <a href="/wiki/Catholicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholicism">Catholicism</a>. In the 16th century, Fribourg continued to grow, first following the invasion of <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Pays de <a href="/wiki/Vaud" title="Vaud">Vaud</a></i></span> in 1536 with the help of Bern, and then in 1554 through the annexation of land formerly controlled by the Count of <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Gruyère</i></span>. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Picswiss_FR-13-08.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Picswiss_FR-13-08.jpg/300px-Picswiss_FR-13-08.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="198" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Picswiss_FR-13-08.jpg/450px-Picswiss_FR-13-08.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1d/Picswiss_FR-13-08.jpg 2x" data-file-width="504" data-file-height="333" /></a><figcaption>Fribourg City Hall</figcaption></figure> <p>Several prominent families developed as a result of the cloth and leather trade, beginning in the 14th century, including <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Gottrau</i></span>, <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Lanthen</i></span>, <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Affry</i></span>, <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Diesbach</i></span> (originally from Bern), <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">von der Weid</i></span>, <span title="Italian-language text"><i lang="it">Fegeli</i></span>, and <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Weck</i></span>. Together with the local nobles (the <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Maggenberg</i></span>, <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Düddingen</i></span>/Velga, <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Montenach</i></span>, <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Englisberg</i></span> and <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Praroman</i></span> families) they formed the 15th century <a href="/wiki/Patrician_(post-Roman_Europe)" title="Patrician (post-Roman Europe)">patrician</a> class. This contributed to the decline of the cloth trade, however, as the families involved in the industry began to be more concerned with governing the city and its surrounding possessions. </p><p>An important milestone for the politics of the city was reached in 1627, when the patricians drew up a new constitution, in which they declared that they were the only people capable of ruling the city, and thereby took control of all voting rights. This consolidated the <a href="/wiki/Oligarchy" title="Oligarchy">oligarchy</a> which had begun to form as early as the 15th century.<sup id="cite_ref-HDS_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HDS-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Importance_of_monasteries_and_churches">Importance of monasteries and churches</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fribourg&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Importance of monasteries and churches"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The monasteries of Fribourg have always formed a centre of religious culture, which includes architecture, sculpture and painting, and have contributed to the culture of the city. The <a href="/wiki/Franciscan" class="mw-redirect" title="Franciscan">Franciscan</a> monastery was donated by Jakob von Riggisberg in 1256. In early times, it was closely associated with the city council, because it housed the city archives and its monastery church was used for town meetings until 1433. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Picswiss_FR-13-16.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Picswiss_FR-13-16.jpg/330px-Picswiss_FR-13-16.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Picswiss_FR-13-16.jpg/500px-Picswiss_FR-13-16.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/46/Picswiss_FR-13-16.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="333" /></a><figcaption>Maigrauge Abbey in Fribourg</figcaption></figure> <p>Similarly, the <a href="/wiki/Augustinians" title="Augustinians">Augustinian</a> monastery was founded in the mid-13th century, and enjoyed the support of the noble Velga family for a long time. Additionally, <a href="/wiki/La_Maigrauge_Abbey" title="La Maigrauge Abbey">La Maigrauge Abbey</a> has existed since 1255, and has belonged to the <a href="/wiki/Cistercians" title="Cistercians">Cistercians</a> since 1262. An important institution was the public hospital, opened in the mid-13th century, which provided services for the poor.<sup id="cite_ref-HDS_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HDS-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/Reformation" title="Reformation">Reformation</a>, Fribourg remained Catholic, although it was nearly surrounded by the Protestant Bern. This led to repeated conflicts over religion in border regions, and in areas controlled jointly by Fribourg and Bern. The city was a major centre of the <a href="/wiki/Counter-Reformation" title="Counter-Reformation">Counter-Reformation</a>. At the end of the 16th century and the beginning of the 17th, new monasteries were established in the city, including: a <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Friars_Minor_Capuchin" title="Order of Friars Minor Capuchin">Capuchin</a> monastery (1608), another on Bisemberg (1621), an <a href="/wiki/Ursulines" title="Ursulines">Ursuline</a> monastery (1634), and a <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Visitation_of_Holy_Mary" title="Order of the Visitation of Holy Mary">Visitandine</a> monastery (1635). The most influential monastery, however, was that of the <a href="/wiki/Jesuits" title="Jesuits">Jesuits</a>, which contributed to a large extent to the advancement and prosperity of the city. It established the College of Saint Michael in 1582, the theological faculty of which formed the basis of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Fribourg" title="University of Fribourg">University of Fribourg</a>. The concept of an objective press was also begun by the Jesuits.<sup id="cite_ref-HDS_6-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HDS-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1613 Fribourg became the seat of the Bishop of Lausanne, who, after the Reformation, was forced first into <a href="/wiki/%C3%89vian-les-Bains" title="Évian-les-Bains">Evian</a>, and then into exile in Burgundy. Today it is the seat of the <a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_Lausanne,_Geneva_and_Fribourg" class="mw-redirect" title="Diocese of Lausanne, Geneva and Fribourg">Diocese of Lausanne, Geneva and Fribourg</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-HDS_6-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HDS-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1780–1809"><span id="1780.E2.80.931809"></span>1780–1809</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fribourg&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: 1780–1809"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sarine-Saane_near_Fribourg.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Sarine-Saane_near_Fribourg.jpg/300px-Sarine-Saane_near_Fribourg.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Sarine-Saane_near_Fribourg.jpg/450px-Sarine-Saane_near_Fribourg.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/50/Sarine-Saane_near_Fribourg.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="375" /></a><figcaption>La Sarine in the city</figcaption></figure> <p>The strong patrician regime, consisting of no more than 60 families, filled all of the influential positions in the city and dominated all political, social, economic and cultural arenas of Fribourg. On several occasions unhappy citizens joined to attempt a revolt, including in 1781 under the leadership of Pierre-Nicolas Chenaux. These revolts were repressed with the help of Bern and Bernese troops. The invasion of Switzerland by French troops in 1798 led to the downfall of this <a href="/wiki/Ancien_R%C3%A9gime" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancien Régime">Ancien Régime</a>. Fribourg capitulated to the French on 2 March and relinquished leadership of its lands. This freed the way for the first municipal elections, in which Jean de Montenach was elected the first mayor. With the introduction of the <a href="/wiki/Act_of_Mediation" title="Act of Mediation">Act of Mediation</a> under <a href="/wiki/Napoleon" title="Napoleon">Napoleon</a> in 1803, the separation of the city of Fribourg from its Canton was finally carried out. Fribourg was made the capital of its region and Canton, and, between 1803 and 1809, was one of the capitals of Switzerland.<sup id="cite_ref-HDS_6-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HDS-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sonderbund">Sonderbund</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fribourg&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Sonderbund"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The patricians regained control of the city in 1814 during the Restoration period. They ruled until 1830. Its leadership was followed by a new and more liberal constitution. Fribourg was part of the 1845-1847 <a href="/wiki/Sonderbund" class="mw-redirect" title="Sonderbund">Sonderbund</a>, a "separate alliance" of Catholic cantons attempting to secede from Switzerland. Fribourg and the Sonderbund capitulated to Federalist forces under General <a href="/wiki/Guillaume_Henri_Dufour" title="Guillaume Henri Dufour">Dufour</a> on 14 November 1847 in what amounted to a brief and nearly bloodless Swiss civil war. Since 1848, the new national constitution and the amendment to the Canton constitution has guaranteed every citizen the right to vote. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Modern_times">Modern times</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fribourg&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Modern times"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The later 19th and the 20th century brought about drastic changes to the city's culture and physical nature. In 1848 the city wall was partially torn down and a new bridge constructed across the Saane/La Sarine. The opening of the <a href="/wiki/Lausanne%E2%80%93Bern_railway" title="Lausanne–Bern railway">midland railway line</a> through the city in 1862 led to the development of a "railway station quarter" of the city. The improved transportation enabled Fribourg to undergo industrialisation. The city centre shifted from the Old City to the new Train Station quarter. Extensive areas in Pérolles, Beauregard and Vignettaz were developed with industry or houses around 1900. The inauguration of the university in 1889 was an important event in Fribourg. Another economic boon to the city was the opening of the nearby A12 highway. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fribourg&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fribourg_Stadtansicht.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Fribourg_Stadtansicht.jpg/300px-Fribourg_Stadtansicht.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="198" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Fribourg_Stadtansicht.jpg/450px-Fribourg_Stadtansicht.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1f/Fribourg_Stadtansicht.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="330" /></a><figcaption>View of Fribourg</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ETH-BIB-Fribourg-LBS_H1-012388.tif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/ETH-BIB-Fribourg-LBS_H1-012388.tif/lossy-page1-300px-ETH-BIB-Fribourg-LBS_H1-012388.tif.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="207" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/ETH-BIB-Fribourg-LBS_H1-012388.tif/lossy-page1-450px-ETH-BIB-Fribourg-LBS_H1-012388.tif.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/ETH-BIB-Fribourg-LBS_H1-012388.tif/lossy-page1-600px-ETH-BIB-Fribourg-LBS_H1-012388.tif.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6335" data-file-height="4379" /></a><figcaption>Aerial view (1949)</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Topography">Topography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fribourg&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Topography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Fribourg has an elevation of 581 metres (1,906 ft) (in the Old City), and is situated 28 kilometres (17 mi) southwest of Bern. It is located on the Swiss plateau, and extends on both sides of the Sarine, which, in the vicinity of Fribourg, has cut deeply into the <a href="/wiki/Molasse" title="Molasse">molasse</a>. The Old City is located on a hill, only about 100 metres (330 ft) wide, which rises about 40 metres (130 ft) above the valley floor. Most quarters of the city are located on the High Plateau and the surrounding hills, which have an average elevation of 620 metres (2,030 ft). The valley floor is only settled in the area immediately around the Old City. </p><p>Fribourg has an area, as of 2009<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fribourg&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, of 9.3 square kilometers (3.6 sq mi). Of this area, 1.25 km<sup>2</sup> (0.48 sq mi) or 13.4% is used for agricultural purposes, while 1.58 km<sup>2</sup> (0.61 sq mi) or 17.0% is forested. Of the rest of the land, 5.89 km<sup>2</sup> (2.27 sq mi) or 63.3% is settled (buildings or roads), 0.53 km<sup>2</sup> (0.20 sq mi) or 5.7% is either rivers or lakes and 0.07 km<sup>2</sup> (17 acres) or 0.8% is unproductive land.<sup id="cite_ref-BFS_land_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BFS_land-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fribourg_Saane.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Fribourg_Saane.jpg/220px-Fribourg_Saane.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/77/Fribourg_Saane.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="450" /></a><figcaption>Valley of the Sarine in Fribourg</figcaption></figure> <p>Of the built up area, industrial buildings made up 4.5% of the total area while housing and buildings made up 34.5% and transportation infrastructure made up 15.2%. Power and water infrastructure as well as other special developed areas made up 1.6% of the area while parks, green belts and sports fields made up 7.5%. Out of the forested land, 14.4% of the total land area is heavily forested and 2.6% is covered with orchards or small clusters of trees. Of the agricultural land, 6.9% is used for growing crops and 6.0% is pastures. Of the water in the municipality, 1.7% is in lakes and 4.0% is in rivers and streams.<sup id="cite_ref-BFS_land_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BFS_land-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The area of the municipality, which is relatively small for a city, covers an area of Molasse in the central part of <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Fribourg" title="Canton of Fribourg">Canton of Fribourg</a>. The area is cut through from south to north by the tightly wound Saane/La Sarine, which has eroded a valley, in some places, to a depth of 100 metres (330 ft) below the surrounding Plateau. In general, the valley floor is between 200 and 500 metres (660 and 1,640 ft) wide. Le <a href="/wiki/P%C3%A9rolles-See" class="mw-redirect" title="Pérolles-See">Lac de Pérolles</a>, formed as a reservoir by <a href="/wiki/Maigrauge_Dam" class="mw-redirect" title="Maigrauge Dam">Maigrauge Dam</a>, the first <a href="/wiki/Dam" title="Dam">Gravity Dam</a> in Europe, in 1872, is located south of the city. The head of the <a href="/wiki/Schiffenensee" title="Schiffenensee">Schiffenensee</a> is located just 1 kilometre (0.62 mi) north of the city. At both of these artificial lakes, La Sarine covers nearly the entire valley floor. </p><p>The hills flanked on both sides by steep, largely wooded, slopes. To the east, the municipality reaches up the slopes of Mount Schönberg, which, with an elevation of 702 metres (2,303 ft), is the highest point in Fribourg. The river Galtera, also deeply cut into the plateau, flows between the mountain and the river, emptying into the Saane/La Sarine near the Old City. </p><p>The former village of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bourguillon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bourguillon (page does not exist)">Bourguillon</a> lies within the municipality. Fribourg borders on <a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCdingen" title="Düdingen">Düdingen</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tafers" title="Tafers">Tafers</a> to the east, <a href="/wiki/Pierrafortscha" title="Pierrafortscha">Pierrafortscha</a> to the southeast, <a href="/wiki/Marly,_Fribourg" title="Marly, Fribourg">Marly</a> to the south, <a href="/wiki/Villars-sur-Gl%C3%A2ne" title="Villars-sur-Glâne">Villars-sur-Glâne</a> and <a href="/wiki/Givisiez" title="Givisiez">Givisiez</a> to the west, and <a href="/wiki/Granges-Paccot" title="Granges-Paccot">Granges-Paccot</a> to the north. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fribourg&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Fribourg / Posieux, elevation 651 m (2,136 ft), (1991–2020) </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #F9F9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.5<br />(38.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFFAF5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.2<br />(41.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFDAB5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.8<br />(49.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFBF80; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.7<br />(56.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFA144; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.0<br />(64.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF8811; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.7<br />(71.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF7800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.0<br />(75.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF7B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.6<br />(74.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF9B38; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.9<br />(66.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFBF80; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.7<br />(56.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFE9D4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.6<br />(45.7) </td> <td style="background: #FCFCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.0<br />(39.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFC081; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">13.6<br />(56.5) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #E8E8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.4<br />(32.7) </td> <td style="background: #EDEDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.2<br />(34.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFFAF6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.1<br />(41.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFE2C6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.6<br />(47.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFC58C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.8<br />(55.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFAC59; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.5<br />(61.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF9E3E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.5<br />(65.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFA143; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.1<br />(64.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFBF80; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.7<br />(56.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFDDBB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.4<br />(48.9) </td> <td style="background: #FDFDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.3<br />(39.7) </td> <td style="background: #ECECFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.1<br />(34.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFDFBF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">9.1<br />(48.4) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #D8D8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−2.6<br />(27.3) </td> <td style="background: #D9D9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−2.5<br />(27.5) </td> <td style="background: #E9E9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.5<br />(32.9) </td> <td style="background: #F7F7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.2<br />(37.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFEAD5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.5<br />(45.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFD0A2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.2<br />(52.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFC489; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.0<br />(55.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFC68D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.7<br />(54.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFDFBF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.1<br />(48.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFF7EF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.6<br />(42.1) </td> <td style="background: #EDEDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.3<br />(34.3) </td> <td style="background: #DDDDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−1.8<br />(28.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFFCFA; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">4.8<br />(40.6) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #B4FFB4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">50.3<br />(1.98) </td> <td style="background: #ADFFAD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">50.1<br />(1.97) </td> <td style="background: #A6FFA6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">59.6<br />(2.35) </td> <td style="background: #8CFF8C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">74.6<br />(2.94) </td> <td style="background: #5EFF5E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">107.7<br />(4.24) </td> <td style="background: #63FF63; color:#000000;" class="notheme">101.2<br />(3.98) </td> <td style="background: #61FF61; color:#000000;" class="notheme">105.7<br />(4.16) </td> <td style="background: #61FF61; color:#000000;" class="notheme">105.9<br />(4.17) </td> <td style="background: #7FFF7F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">82.9<br />(3.26) </td> <td style="background: #7CFF7C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">87.4<br />(3.44) </td> <td style="background: #90FF90; color:#000000;" class="notheme">71.7<br />(2.82) </td> <td style="background: #9DFF9D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">65.1<br />(2.56) </td> <td style="background: #85FF85; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">962.2<br />(37.88) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average snowfall cm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #5E5EFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">10.8<br />(4.3) </td> <td style="background: #3434FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">12.4<br />(4.9) </td> <td style="background: #8F8FFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.5<br />(3.0) </td> <td style="background: #DBDBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.3<br />(0.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0<br />(0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0<br />(0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0<br />(0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0<br />(0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0<br />(0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FAFAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.3<br />(0.1) </td> <td style="background: #B5B5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.8<br />(1.9) </td> <td style="background: #5252FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">11.6<br />(4.6) </td> <td style="background: #C0C0FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">49.7<br />(19.6) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average precipitation days <span style="font-size:90%;" class="nowrap">(≥ 1.0 mm)</span> </th> <td style="background: #8D8DFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.2 </td> <td style="background: #8D8DFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.4 </td> <td style="background: #8888FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.6 </td> <td style="background: #8383FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.7 </td> <td style="background: #6666FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">12.4 </td> <td style="background: #6D6DFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.4 </td> <td style="background: #7F7FFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.3 </td> <td style="background: #7C7CFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.6 </td> <td style="background: #9090FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.7 </td> <td style="background: #8383FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.0 </td> <td style="background: #8080FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.9 </td> <td style="background: #7F7FFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.3 </td> <td style="background: #8080FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">120.5 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average snowy days <span style="font-size:90%;" class="nowrap">(≥ 1.0 cm)</span> </th> <td style="background: #D6D6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.3 </td> <td style="background: #D6D6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.0 </td> <td style="background: #EAEAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.7 </td> <td style="background: #F6F6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.7 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FDFDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.1 </td> <td style="background: #F0F0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.1 </td> <td style="background: #DDDDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.7 </td> <td style="background: #F1F1FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">12.6 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Relative_humidity" class="mw-redirect" title="Relative humidity">relative humidity</a> (%) </th> <td style="background: #0000BC; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">84 </td> <td style="background: #0000CF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">79 </td> <td style="background: #0000EA; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">72 </td> <td style="background: #0000EE; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">71 </td> <td style="background: #0000E6; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">73 </td> <td style="background: #0000EA; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">72 </td> <td style="background: #0000F2; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">70 </td> <td style="background: #0000EA; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">72 </td> <td style="background: #0000D3; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">78 </td> <td style="background: #0000C0; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">83 </td> <td style="background: #0000B8; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">85 </td> <td style="background: #0000B8; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">85 </td> <td style="background: #0000D7; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">77 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 1: <a href="/wiki/National_Oceanic_and_Atmospheric_Administration" title="National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration">NOAA</a><sup id="cite_ref-NOAA1_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NOAA1-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 2: <a href="/wiki/MeteoSwiss" title="MeteoSwiss">MeteoSwiss</a><sup id="cite_ref-ClimatGRA_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ClimatGRA-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Politics">Politics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fribourg&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Politics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Coat_of_arms">Coat of arms</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fribourg&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Coat of arms"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Blazon" title="Blazon">blazon</a> of the municipal <a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms" title="Coat of arms">coat of arms</a> is <i>Azure a Castle embattled and towered on dexter issuant from a Semi Annulet all Argent.</i><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The canton and the capital share the same name but have different <a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms" title="Coat of arms">coats of arms</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Administrative_divisions">Administrative divisions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fribourg&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Administrative divisions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Government">Government</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fribourg&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Government"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Municipal Council (French: <i lang="fr"><b>Conseil communal de la Ville de Fribourg</b></i>, German: <i lang="de"><b>Gemeinderat</b></i>) constitutes the executive government of the City of Fribourg and operates as a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Collegiate_authority&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Collegiate authority (page does not exist)">collegiate authority</a>. It is composed of five councilors (French: <i lang="fr">Conseiller communal / Conseillère communale</i>, German: <i lang="de">Gemeinderat / Gemeinderätin</i>), each presiding over a directorate comprising several departments and the related commissions. The president of the executive department acts as mayor (<i>syndic</i>). In the mandate period 2021–2026 (<i>la législature</i>) the Municipal Council is presided by <i>Monsieur le Syndic</i> Thierry Steiert. Departmental tasks, coordination measures and implementation of laws decreed by the General Council (parliament) are carried by the Municipal Council. The regular election of the Municipal Council by any inhabitant valid to vote is held every five years. Any resident of Fribourg allowed to vote can be elected as a member of the Municipal Council. Due to the constitution by canton of Fribourg not only Swiss citizen have the right to vote and elect and being elected on communal level, but also foreigners with a residence permit of type C and being resident in the canton of Fribourg for at least 5 years.<sup id="cite_ref-LEDP_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LEDP-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The current mandate period is from 1 June 2021 to 31 May 2026. The delegates are selected by means of a system of <a href="/wiki/Proportional_representation" title="Proportional representation">Proporz</a>. The mayor is elected as such by a public election while the heads of the other directorates are assigned by the collegiate. The executive body holds its meetings in the Town Hall (<i>L'Hôtel de Ville</i>), in the old city on <i>Place de l'Hôtel-de-Ville</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-MC_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MC-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As of 2021, Fribourg's Municipal Council is made up of two representatives of the PS/SP (<a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_of_Switzerland" title="Social Democratic Party of Switzerland">Social Democratic Party</a>, of whom one is also the mayor), and one each of PDC/CVP (<a href="/wiki/Christian_Democratic_People%27s_Party_of_Switzerland" title="Christian Democratic People's Party of Switzerland">Christian Democratic Party</a>), PCS/CSP (<a href="/wiki/Christian_Social_Party_(Switzerland)" title="Christian Social Party (Switzerland)">Christian Social Party</a>), and PES/GPS (<a href="/wiki/Green_Party_of_Switzerland" title="Green Party of Switzerland">Green Party</a>), giving the left parties a majority of four out of five seats. The last regular election was held on 7 March 2021. All previous members have been re-elected.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption><i>Le Conseil communal</i> / <i>Gemeinderat</i> of Fribourg<sup id="cite_ref-MC_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MC-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Municipal Councillor<br />(<i>Conseiller communal / Conseillère communale</i>, <i>Gemeinderat/-rätin</i>)</th> <th>Party</th> <th>Head of Directorate (<i>Direction / Direktion</i>, since) of</th> <th>in office since </th></tr> <tr> <td><b>Thierry Steiert</b><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>MC 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#E4002B; color:white;border:1px solid darkgray;"> </span> PS</td> <td>General Administration, Human Resources, Legal Affairs, and Civic Community Affairs (<i>de l'administration générale, des ressources humaines, du service juridique et des affaires bourgeoisiales / der Zentralverwaltung, des Personalwesens, des Rechtsdienst und der Burgergemeinde, 2021</i>)</td> <td>2011 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Laurent Dietrich<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>MC 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959" /><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#EF7D00; color:black;border:1px solid darkgray;"> </span> PDC</td> <td>Finance, Culture, and Information Technology (<i>des finances, de la culture et de l'informatique / der Finanzen, der Kultur und der Informatik</i>, 2021)</td> <td>2016 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Miirjam Ballmer</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959" /><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#84B414; color:black;border:1px solid darkgray;"> </span> PES</td> <td>Youth Services, Schools and Social Cohesion, Social Services, and Adult Guardianship (<i>de l'enfance, des écoles et de la cohésion sociale, des affaires sociales et des curatelles d'adultes</i> / <i>der Schule, Kinder und gesellschatflichen Zusammenhalt, der Sozialhilfe und der Beistandschaft für Erwachsene</i>, 2021)</td> <td>2021 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Andrea Burgener Woeffray</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959" /><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#E4002B; color:white;border:1px solid darkgray;"> </span> PS</td> <td>Construction and Services Urban Planning and Architecture and Civil Engineering, Environment and Energy (<i>de l'édilité, des services d'urbanisme et architecture et du génie civil, environnement et énergie</i> / <i>des Bauwesens und der Dienste Stadtplanung und Architektur und Tiefbau, Umwelt und Energie</i>, 2021)</td> <td>2016 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Pierre-Olivier Nobs</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959" /><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:Turquoise; color:black;border:1px solid darkgray;"> </span> PCS</td> <td>Local Police and Mobility and Sports (<i>de la police locale et mobilité et des Sports</i> / <i>der Ortspolizei und Mobilität und des Sports</i>, 2021)</td> <td>2016 </td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mayor (French: <i lang="fr">Syndic</i>, German: <i lang="de">Ammann</i>)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Vice-Mayor (French: <i lang="fr">Vice-Syndic</i>, German: <i lang="de">Vizeammann</i>)</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Parliament">Parliament</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fribourg&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Parliament"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1279587269">.mw-parser-output .smooth-pie{display:none;position:relative;width:100px;height:100px;border-radius:50%;background-color:yellowgreen;color:black;border:1px solid black}.mw-parser-output .smooth-pie div{position:absolute;transform-origin:left bottom;background-color:#655;color:black;top:0;left:50%;width:50%;height:50%;border-radius:0 500%0 0}.mw-parser-output .smooth-pie .pie50{transform-origin:left center;height:100%;border-radius:0 100%100%0/50%}.mw-parser-output .smooth-pie .pie12-5{clip-path:polygon(0%0%,100%0%,0 100%)}.mw-parser-output .smooth-pie .pie5{clip-path:polygon(0%0%,32.49197%0%,0 100%)}.mw-parser-output .smooth-pie .pie7{clip-path:polygon(0%0%,47.056428%0%,0 100%)}.mw-parser-output .smooth-pie .pie1{clip-path:polygon(0%0%,6.2914667%0%,0 100%)}@supports(clip-path:circle(50%)){.mw-parser-output .smooth-pie{display:block}}.mw-parser-output .smooth-pie-container{display:flex;align-items:flex-start;gap:1em;flex-wrap:wrap}.mw-parser-output .smooth-pie-legend{list-style-type:none!important;margin:0!important;padding:0!important}.mw-parser-output .smooth-pie-legend>li{display:flex;align-items:baseline;gap:.5em;margin:0;margin-bottom:0.1em}.mw-parser-output .smooth-pie-legend>li>span{display:block;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .smooth-pie-legend>li>.l-color{border:1px solid var(--color-base,black);width:.8em;height:.8em;flex-shrink:0}.mw-parser-output .pie-thumb .smooth-pie-container{padding:.5em;padding-bottom:0;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .pie-thumb .smooth-pie-caption{margin-bottom:1em;font-size:94%}.mw-parser-output .thumbinner>.smooth-pie-container{flex-direction:column-reverse}@media screen and (min-width:641px){.mw-parser-output .thumbinner>.smooth-pie-container{width:min-content}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .smooth-pie-container{break-inside:avoid-page}}body.mw-mf .mw-parser-output .thumbinner .smooth-pie-container{align-items:center}body.mw-mf .mw-parser-output .thumbinner .smooth-pie-legend-container{font-size:0.8125rem;line-height:1.5;color:var(--color-subtle,#54595d)}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .thumbinner .smooth-pie-legend{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fill,minmax(190px,1fr));gap:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .thumbinner .smooth-pie-footer{margin-top:.5em}}</style> <div class="pie-thumb thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="smooth-pie-container" style=""> <div class="smooth-pie-legend-container"><div class="smooth-pie-caption">The <i>Conseil général</i> / <i>Generalrat</i> of Fribourg for the mandate period of 2021–2026</div> <ol class="smooth-pie-legend"> <li><span class="l-color" style="-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;background:#E4002B;color:#000"></span><span class="l-label">PS/SP 28.8 (28.7%)</span></li> <li><span class="l-color" style="-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;background:#84B414;color:#000"></span><span class="l-label">Les Verts/Grüne (PES/GPS) 26.3 (26.2%)</span></li> <li><span class="l-color" style="-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;background:Turquoise;color:#000"></span><span class="l-label">Centre gauche – PCS/CSP 8.8 (8.78%)</span></li> <li><span class="l-color" style="-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;background:Grey;color:#000"></span><span class="l-label">PA/KP 1.3 (1.30%)</span></li> <li><span class="l-color" style="-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;background:#EF7D00;color:#000"></span><span class="l-label">PDC/CVP – Centre 17.5 (17.5%)</span></li> <li><span class="l-color" style="-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;background:#0E52A0;color:#000"></span><span class="l-label">PLR/FDP 10 (9.98%)</span></li> <li><span class="l-color" style="-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;background:#009F4F;color:#000"></span><span class="l-label">UDC/SVP 7.5 (7.49%)</span></li> </ol> </div> <div class="smooth-pie" style="width:200px;height:200px;background:#009F4F;color:#000;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;" title="UDC/SVP 7.5 (7.49%)" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="pie25" style="background:#E4002B;color:#000" title="PS/SP 28.8 (28.7%)"></div> <div class="pie25" style="background:#E4002B;color:#000; transform: rotate(0.037turn)" title="PS/SP 28.8 (28.7%)"></div> <div class="pie25" style="background:#84B414;color:#000; transform: rotate(0.287turn)" title="Les Verts/Grüne (PES/GPS) 26.3 (26.2%)"></div> <div class="pie25" style="background:#84B414;color:#000; transform: rotate(0.300turn)" title="Les Verts/Grüne (PES/GPS) 26.3 (26.2%)"></div> <div class="pie7" style="background:Turquoise;color:#000; transform: rotate(0.550turn)" title="Centre gauche – PCS/CSP 8.8 (8.78%)"></div> <div class="pie7" style="background:Turquoise;color:#000; transform: rotate(0.568turn)" title="Centre gauche – PCS/CSP 8.8 (8.78%)"></div> <div style="transform: rotate(0.638turn); background:Grey;color:#000; clip-path: polygon(0% 0%, 8.18635505% 0%, 0 100%)" title="PA/KP 1.3 (1.30%)"></div> <div class="pie12-5" style="background:#EF7D00;color:#000; transform: rotate(0.651turn)" title="PDC/CVP – Centre 17.5 (17.5%)"></div> <div class="pie12-5" style="background:#EF7D00;color:#000; transform: rotate(0.700turn)" title="PDC/CVP – Centre 17.5 (17.5%)"></div> <div class="pie7" style="background:#0E52A0;color:#000; transform: rotate(0.825turn)" title="PLR/FDP 10 (9.98%)"></div> <div class="pie7" style="background:#0E52A0;color:#000; transform: rotate(0.855turn)" title="PLR/FDP 10 (9.98%)"></div> </div> </div></div></div> <p>The General Council (French: <i lang="fr"><b>Conseil général</b></i>, German: <i lang="de"><b>Generalrat</b></i>), the city parliament, holds <a href="/wiki/Legislative_power" class="mw-redirect" title="Legislative power">legislative power</a>. It is made up of 80 members, with elections held every five years. The General Council decrees regulations and by-laws that are executed by the Municipal Council and the administration. The delegates are selected by means of a system of <a href="/wiki/Proportional_representation" title="Proportional representation">proportional representation</a>. </p><p>The sessions of the General Council are public. Unlike members of the Municipal Council, members of the General Council are not politicians by profession, and they are paid a fee based on their attendance. Any resident of Fribourg allowed to vote can be elected as a member of the General Council. Due to the constitution by canton of Fribourg not only Swiss citizen have the right to vote and elect and being elected on communal level, but also foreigners with a residence permit of type C and being resident in the canton of Fribourg for at least 5 years.<sup id="cite_ref-LEDP_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LEDP-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Parliament holds its meetings in the <i>Grande salle de la Maison de Justice</i>, in the old city on <i>rue des Chanoines 1</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-CG_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CG-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The last regular election of the General Council was held on 7 March 2021 for the mandate period (<i>la législature</i>) from 1 June 2021 to 31 May 2026. Currently the General Council consist of 23 (-7) members of the <a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_of_Switzerland" title="Social Democratic Party of Switzerland">Social Democratic Party (PS/SP)</a>, 21 (+13) <a href="/wiki/Green_Party_of_Switzerland" title="Green Party of Switzerland">Green Party (PES/GPS)</a>, 1 (-1) <a href="/wiki/Christian_Democratic_People%27s_Party_of_Switzerland" title="Christian Democratic People's Party of Switzerland">Christian Democratic People's Party (PDC/CVP)</a>, 8 (-2) <a href="/wiki/FDP.The_Liberals" class="mw-redirect" title="FDP.The Liberals">The Liberals (PLR/FDP)</a>, 7 (+2) <a href="/wiki/Christian_Social_Party_(Switzerland)" title="Christian Social Party (Switzerland)">Centre Gauche (PCS/CSP)</a>, 6 (-2) <a href="/wiki/Swiss_People%27s_Party" title="Swiss People's Party">Swiss People's Party</a> (UDC/SVP), and one (-) for <i>parti des artistes</i> (PA/KP), giving the left parties a very strong absolute majority.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Elections">Elections</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fribourg&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Elections"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="National_Council">National Council</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fribourg&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: National Council"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/2019_Swiss_federal_election" title="2019 Swiss federal election">2019 federal election</a> for the <a href="/wiki/National_Council_(Switzerland)" title="National Council (Switzerland)">Swiss National Council</a> the most popular party was the <a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_of_Switzerland" title="Social Democratic Party of Switzerland">PS/SP</a> which received 29.4% (-6.8) of the vote. The next four most popular parties were the <a href="/wiki/Green_Party_of_Switzerland" title="Green Party of Switzerland">Green Party</a> 20.9% (+11.0), the <a href="/wiki/Christian_Democratic_People%27s_Party_of_Switzerland" title="Christian Democratic People's Party of Switzerland">PDC/CVP</a> 15.5% (-7.0), the <a href="/wiki/Swiss_People%27s_Party" title="Swiss People's Party">UDC/SVP</a> 9.7% (-4.1), and the <a href="/wiki/FDP.The_Liberals" class="mw-redirect" title="FDP.The Liberals">FDP/PLR</a> 9.1% (+0.4).<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the federal election, a total of 9,426 voters were cast, and the <a href="/wiki/Voter_turnout" title="Voter turnout">voter turnout</a> was 46.6%.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/2015_Swiss_federal_election" title="2015 Swiss federal election">2015 federal election</a> for the <a href="/wiki/National_Council_(Switzerland)" title="National Council (Switzerland)">Swiss National Council</a> the most popular party was the <a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_of_Switzerland" title="Social Democratic Party of Switzerland">PS/SP</a> which received 36.3% of the vote. The next four most popular parties were the <a href="/wiki/Christian_Democratic_People%27s_Party_of_Switzerland" title="Christian Democratic People's Party of Switzerland">PDC/CVP</a> (22.5%), the <a href="/wiki/Swiss_People%27s_Party" title="Swiss People's Party">UDC/SVP</a> (13.8%), the <a href="/wiki/Green_Party_of_Switzerland" title="Green Party of Switzerland">Green Party</a> (9.8%), and the <a href="/wiki/FDP.The_Liberals" class="mw-redirect" title="FDP.The Liberals">FDP/PLR</a> (8.7%). In the federal election, a total of 9.795 voters were cast, and the <a href="/wiki/Voter_turnout" title="Voter turnout">voter turnout</a> was 48.4%.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fribourg&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Demographics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Population">Population</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fribourg&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Population"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Fribourg has a population (as of December 2020<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fribourg&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>) of 38,039.<sup id="cite_ref-Stat2020_FR_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stat2020_FR-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of 2008<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fribourg&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, 31.9% of the population are resident foreign nationals.<sup id="cite_ref-HDS_superweb_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HDS_superweb-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Between 2000 and 2010, the population changed at a rate of 8.3%. Migration accounted for 8.1%, while births and deaths accounted for 0.9%.<sup id="cite_ref-SFSO_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SFSO-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Fribourg is the largest city in Canton Fribourg. The population of Fribourg grew markedly at the beginning of the 20th century, as well as from 1930 to 1970. The maximum population of 42,000 was reached in 1974. Since then, there had been a population loss of approximately 14%, which might have recently reversed. </p><p>The population of the agglomeration around Fribourg is 110,000, or, counting only the most nearby suburbs, 75,000 (2015). This includes the municipalities of Avry, Belfaux, Corminboeuf, Givisiez, Granges-Paccot, Marly, Matran and Villars-sur-Glâne. Surrounding municipalities include Givisiez, Granges-Paccot, Villars-sur-Glâne, Marly, as well as <a href="/wiki/Corminboeuf" title="Corminboeuf">Corminboeuf</a>, <a href="/wiki/Belfaux" title="Belfaux">Belfaux</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grolley" title="Grolley">Grolley</a>, and stretches as far as <a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCdingen" title="Düdingen">Düdingen</a> (French Guin) and <a href="/wiki/Tafers" title="Tafers">Tafers</a> (French Tavel) on the right bank of the Sarine. </p><p>The growth of the agglomeration around Fribourg has fused the city proper with the neighboring towns of Villars-sur-Glâne, Givisiez, and Granges-Paccot. The town of Klein-Schönberg, which belongs to Tafers, and the village of Uebewil, which belongs to Düdingen, are located right on the eastern edge of town. This settlement area itself has a population of 60,000 (2015). </p><p>As of 2008<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fribourg&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, the population was 48.8% male and 51.2% female. The population was made up of 12,080 Swiss men (31.8% of the population) and 6,475 (17.0%) non-Swiss men. There were 13,855 Swiss women (36.4%) and 5,636 (14.8%) non-Swiss women.<sup id="cite_ref-FR_STAT_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FR_STAT-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Of the population in the municipality, 10,756 or about 30.3% were born in Fribourg and lived there in 2000. There were 6,394 or 18.0% who were born in the same canton, while 7,164 or 20.2% were born somewhere else in Switzerland, and 8,981 or 25.3% were born outside of Switzerland.<sup id="cite_ref-STAT2000_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-STAT2000-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Street_in_Fribourg,_Switzerland.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Street_in_Fribourg%2C_Switzerland.jpg/300px-Street_in_Fribourg%2C_Switzerland.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="201" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Street_in_Fribourg%2C_Switzerland.jpg/450px-Street_in_Fribourg%2C_Switzerland.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Street_in_Fribourg%2C_Switzerland.jpg/600px-Street_in_Fribourg%2C_Switzerland.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2500" data-file-height="1678" /></a><figcaption>View looking southeast along the Planche-Inférieure</figcaption></figure> <p>As of 2000<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fribourg&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, children and teenagers (0–19 years old) make up 19.3% of the population, while adults (20–64 years old) make up 65.8% and seniors (over 64 years old) make up 14.9%.<sup id="cite_ref-SFSO_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SFSO-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As of 2000<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fribourg&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, there were 17,825 people who were single and never married in the municipality. There were 13,581 married individuals, 2,146 widows or widowers and 1,995 individuals who are divorced.<sup id="cite_ref-STAT2000_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-STAT2000-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As of 2000<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fribourg&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, there were 15,839 private households in the municipality, and an average of 2. persons per household.<sup id="cite_ref-SFSO_23-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SFSO-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There were 7,342 households that consist of only one person and 687 households with five or more people. In 2000<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fribourg&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, a total of 15,409 apartments (87.0% of the total) were permanently occupied, while 1,757 apartments (9.9%) were seasonally occupied and 549 apartments (3.1%) were empty.<sup id="cite_ref-Housing_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Housing-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of 2009<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fribourg&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, the construction rate of new housing units was 5.5 new units per 1000 residents.<sup id="cite_ref-SFSO_23-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SFSO-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As of 2003<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fribourg&action=edit">[update]</a></sup> the average price to rent an average apartment in Fribourg was 1062.05 <a href="/wiki/Swiss_franc" title="Swiss franc">Swiss francs</a> (CHF) per month (US$850, £480, €680 approx. exchange rate from 2003). The average rate for a one-room apartment was 623.40 CHF (US$500, £280, €400), a two-room apartment was about 792.47 CHF (US$630, £360, €510), a three-room apartment was about 993.14 CHF (US$790, £450, €640) and a six or more room apartment cost an average of 1870.76 CHF (US$1500, £840, €1200). The average apartment price in Fribourg was 95.2% of the national average of 1116 CHF.<sup id="cite_ref-BFS_rent_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BFS_rent-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The vacancy rate for the municipality, in 2010<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fribourg&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, was 1.45%.<sup id="cite_ref-SFSO_23-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SFSO-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Historic_population">Historic population</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fribourg&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Historic population"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The historical population is given in the following chart:<sup id="cite_ref-HDS_6-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HDS-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="timeline-wrapper"><map name="timeline_r3jyra0es4q3ma0qor9jarcoh75xbyi"></map><img usemap="#timeline_r3jyra0es4q3ma0qor9jarcoh75xbyi" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/timeline/r3jyra0es4q3ma0qor9jarcoh75xbyi.png" /></div> <table class="wikitable collapsible collapsed"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="12">Historic Population Data<sup id="cite_ref-HDS_6-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HDS-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <th>Year </th> <th>Total Population </th> <th>French Speaking </th> <th>German Speaking </th> <th>Protestant </th> <th>Catholic </th> <th>Other </th> <th>Jewish </th> <th>Islamic </th> <th>No religion given </th> <th>Swiss </th> <th>Non-Swiss </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">13th century </th> <td align="center">2,000–3,000</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">1450 </th> <td align="center">6,000</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">1798 </th> <td align="center">5,117</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">1811 </th> <td align="center">6,200</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">1850 </th> <td align="center">9,065</td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center">511</td> <td align="center">8,554</td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center">8,574</td> <td align="center">491 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">1870 </th> <td align="center">10,581</td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center">1,136</td> <td align="center">9,731</td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center">9,794</td> <td align="center">1,110 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">1888 </th> <td align="center">12,195</td> <td align="center">7,556</td> <td align="center">4,523</td> <td align="center">1,607</td> <td align="center">10,512</td> <td align="center">22</td> <td align="center">74</td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center">11,321</td> <td align="center">874 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">1900 </th> <td align="center">15,794</td> <td align="center">9,701</td> <td align="center">5,595</td> <td align="center">2,395</td> <td align="center">13,270</td> <td align="center">140</td> <td align="center">109</td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center">14,208</td> <td align="center">1,586 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">1910 </th> <td align="center">20,293</td> <td align="center">12,358</td> <td align="center">6,688</td> <td align="center">2,372</td> <td align="center">17,746</td> <td align="center">483</td> <td align="center">121</td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center">16,798</td> <td align="center">3,495 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">1930 </th> <td align="center">21,557</td> <td align="center">13,524</td> <td align="center">7,176</td> <td align="center">2,287</td> <td align="center">19,100</td> <td align="center">393</td> <td align="center">77</td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center">19,588</td> <td align="center">1,969 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">1950 </th> <td align="center">29,005</td> <td align="center">18,286</td> <td align="center">9,630</td> <td align="center">2,834</td> <td align="center">25,826</td> <td align="center">466</td> <td align="center">137</td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center">27,069</td> <td align="center">1,936 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">1970 </th> <td align="center">39,695</td> <td align="center">22,437</td> <td align="center">11,114</td> <td align="center">3,256</td> <td align="center">35,863</td> <td align="center">2,737</td> <td align="center">115</td> <td align="center">101</td> <td align="center">179</td> <td align="center">32,208</td> <td align="center">7,487 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">1990 </th> <td align="center">36,355</td> <td align="center">21,240</td> <td align="center">8,288</td> <td align="center">3,148</td> <td align="center">29,750</td> <td align="center">5,028</td> <td align="center">63</td> <td align="center">1,132</td> <td align="center">1,641</td> <td align="center">27,632</td> <td align="center">8,723 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">2000 </th> <td align="center">35,547</td> <td align="center">22,603</td> <td align="center">7,520</td> <td align="center">3,082</td> <td align="center">24,614</td> <td align="center">4,065</td> <td align="center">62</td> <td align="center">1,676</td> <td align="center">2,843</td> <td align="center">25,834</td> <td align="center">9,713 </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Languages">Languages</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fribourg&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Languages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Most of the population (as of 2000<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fribourg&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>) speaks French (22,603 or 63.6%) as their first language, German is the second most common (7,520 or 21.2%) and Italian is the third (1,359 or 3.8%). There are 55 people who speak <a href="/wiki/Romansh_language" title="Romansh language">Romansh</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-STAT2000_25-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-STAT2000-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Few inhabitants in village of Basse-Ville speak <a href="/wiki/Bolze" title="Bolze">Bolze</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Mixed_language" title="Mixed language">mixed language</a> created from the blend of French and <a href="/wiki/Swiss_German_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Swiss German language">Swiss German</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fribourg, the city and the canton, has two official languages, and French outweighs German as both the language of the local government and the most commonly spoken language in public discourse and business in the canton. </p><p>Fribourg has always been located on the Swiss language border, but at the time of the city's founding in the 12th century, German was the prevailing language. Although German was the official language of the city until 1800, French gradually became more influential. This was aided by industrialization, which led to an influx of French-speaking immigrants. Since the political changes of the late 18th century and early 19th century, the German-speaking population has been a minority. Even in German, the town is often called "Fribourg" instead of the <a href="/wiki/Standard_German" title="Standard German">Standard German</a> "Freiburg", which helps distinguish it from <a href="/wiki/Freiburg_im_Breisgau" title="Freiburg im Breisgau">Freiburg im Breisgau</a> on the edge of the <a href="/wiki/Black_Forest" title="Black Forest">Black Forest</a>, Germany. Another explanation is that in the local <a href="/wiki/Alemannic_German" title="Alemannic German">Alemannic German</a> dialect, the city is called <i>Frybùrg</i> or <i>Friburg</i> (pronounced: [ˈfrib̥ʊrɡ]), from which the French name "Fribourg" was probably derived.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2015)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religion">Religion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fribourg&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>From the 2000 census<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fribourg&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, 24,614 or 69.2% were <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic">Roman Catholic</a>, while 2,763 or 7.8% belonged to the <a href="/wiki/Swiss_Reformed_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Swiss Reformed Church">Swiss Reformed Church</a>. Of the rest of the population, there were 443 <a href="/wiki/Orthodoxy#Christianity" title="Orthodoxy">members of an Orthodox church</a> (or about 1.25% of the population), there were 13 individuals (or about 0.04% of the population) who belonged to the <a href="/wiki/Christian_Catholic_Church_of_Switzerland" title="Christian Catholic Church of Switzerland">Christian Catholic Church</a>, and there were 668 individuals (or about 1.88% of the population) who belonged to another Christian church. There were 62 individuals (or about 0.17% of the population) who were Jewish, and 1,676 (or about 4.71% of the population) who were <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Muslim</a>. There were 161 individuals who were <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhist</a>, 71 individuals who were <a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hindu</a> and 43 individuals who belonged to another church. 2,843 (or about 8.00% of the population) belonged to no church, are agnostic or <a href="/wiki/Atheism" title="Atheism">atheist</a>, and 2,509 individuals (or about 7.06% of the population) did not answer the question.<sup id="cite_ref-STAT2000_25-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-STAT2000-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The city remained Catholic during the <a href="/wiki/Reformation" title="Reformation">Reformation</a>, and has since become a centre of Catholicism. It has a greater than average number of churches and monasteries. Fribourg has been the seat of the <a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_Lausanne,_Geneva_and_Fribourg" class="mw-redirect" title="Diocese of Lausanne, Geneva and Fribourg">Diocese of Lausanne, Geneva and Fribourg</a> since 1613. (See <i>Sonderbund</i>) </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fribourg&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Development_of_trade_and_economy">Development of trade and economy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fribourg&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Development of trade and economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Several types of industry developed in Fribourg as early as the 13th and 14th centuries. The extension of the city along the east bank of the Saane/La Sarine made about this time was indicative of a strong economic upturn. In Galterntal, water power was used for various mills. Along the Saane new trade districts developed with the towns of Au, Neustadt and Matten. </p><p>The tanneries and cloth manufacturers, strengthened by widespread sheep raising, led to an economic boom in the 14th and 15th centuries. This helped Fribourg by making its trades well known throughout central Europe. A gradual decline in cloth making in the second half of the 15th century occurred as local farmers replaced their sheep with cattle. Other reasons for the collapse of the cloth industry in the 16th century include the fact that the guild refused to use new materials or modern styles, and that the social structure of the city changed with the rise of the <a href="/wiki/Patrician_(post-Roman_Europe)" title="Patrician (post-Roman Europe)">patrician</a> class. </p><p>After this time, Fribourg was shaped by low-level trade, and was not industrialized until it was connected to the Swiss Railroad, beginning in the 1870s. After Lake Pérolles was built in 1872, energy was able to be supplied to the plateau south and west of the city. Thus, an industrial area developed there, dominated in its early years by a wagon factory and a lumber mill. Later, two breweries were established in this area. A chocolate factory was established in Villârs-sur-Glâne in 1901, but it came under Fribourg's jurisdiction in 1906 after a change of borders. </p><p>In the course of the 20th century, the plateau became the industrial section of the city. The development of new industrial areas in neighbouring municipalities, beginning in the 1970s, has permitted continued economic growth. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Economic_situation_today">Economic situation today</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fribourg&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Economic situation today"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As of  2010<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fribourg&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, Fribourg had an unemployment rate of 4.9%. As of 2008<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fribourg&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, there were 18 people employed in the <a href="/wiki/Primary_sector_of_the_economy" title="Primary sector of the economy">primary economic sector</a> and about 5 businesses involved in this sector. 3,821 people were employed in the <a href="/wiki/Secondary_sector_of_the_economy" title="Secondary sector of the economy">secondary sector</a> and there were 232 businesses in this sector. 21,614 people were employed in the <a href="/wiki/Tertiary_sector_of_the_economy" title="Tertiary sector of the economy">tertiary sector</a>, with 2,004 businesses in this sector.<sup id="cite_ref-SFSO_23-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SFSO-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There were 17,207 residents of the municipality who were employed in some capacity, of which women made up 47.1% of the workforce. </p><p>In 2008<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fribourg&action=edit">[update]</a></sup> the total number of <a href="/wiki/Full-time_equivalent" title="Full-time equivalent">full-time equivalent</a> jobs was 20,099. The number of jobs in the primary sector was 14, of which 4 were in agriculture, 8 were in forestry or lumber production and 1 was in fishing or fisheries. The number of jobs in the secondary sector was 3,530 of which 1,744 or (49.4%) were in manufacturing, 9 or (0.3%) were in mining and 1,455 (41.2%) were in construction. The number of jobs in the tertiary sector was 16,555. In the tertiary sector; 2,633 or 15.9% were in wholesale or retail sales or the repair of motor vehicles, 993 or 6.0% were in the movement and storage of goods, 1,003 or 6.1% were in a hotel or restaurant, 568 or 3.4% were in the information industry, 957 or 5.8% were the insurance or financial industry, 1,535 or 9.3% were technical professionals or scientists, 3,273 or 19.8% were in education and 1,970 or 11.9% were in health care.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Fribourg has more jobs than laborers, and is therefore a large commuter destination for the largely agricultural surrounding area. Local industry includes food and luxury products, drinks (the breweries are owned by the Danish firm <a href="/wiki/Carlsberg_Group" title="Carlsberg Group">Carlsberg</a>), metal and machine construction, electronics, and computer technology. </p><p>The largest number of workers are active in the service industries. Many of these work in government administrative positions. Other important sectors are education (at the university), banks and insurance companies, tourism and restaurants, as well as health services. Fribourg is home to the administrative offices of several international companies. The Cantonal hospital is on the border with Villars-sur-Glâne. </p><p>In 2000<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fribourg&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, there were 16,572 workers who commuted into the municipality and 6,505 workers who commuted away. The municipality is a net importer of workers, with about 2.5 workers entering the municipality for every one leaving.<sup id="cite_ref-commuter_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-commuter-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Of the working population, 35% used public transportation to get to work, and 37.8% used a private car.<sup id="cite_ref-SFSO_23-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SFSO-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fribourg&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Schools at the compulsory and pre-university level are available in both French and German. The university is officially bilingual, meaning students are expected to have a passive knowledge of both languages, even though it is possible to graduate with a degree exclusively in either language, or both. It is also reputed abroad for its legal and theological studies. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Villa_St._Jean_International_School" title="Villa St. Jean International School">Villa St. Jean International School</a> was also located in Fribourg. </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Fribourg" title="University of Fribourg">University of Fribourg</a></li> <li><i>University of Applied Science Fribourg</i>: offers applied tertiary education in technical and management disciplines. Part of UAS Western Switzerland/HES-SO.</li> <li><i>École de multimédia et d'art de Fribourg</i>: multimedia and art school, Fribourg, is a professional school on new media communication, image and technics.</li></ul> <p>Fribourg is home to 5 libraries. These libraries include; the BCU Fribourg, the <i>Deutsche Bibliothek Fribourg</i>, the <i>Bibliothèque de la Ville</i>, the <i>Haute école de santé Fribourg</i> and the <i>École d’ingénieurs et d’architectes (EIA-FR)</i>. There was a combined total (as of 2008<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fribourg&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>) of 3,531,605 books or other media in the libraries, and in the same year a total of 611,405 items were loaned out.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In Fribourg about 11,649 or (32.8%) of the population have completed non-mandatory <a href="/wiki/Education_in_Switzerland#Secondary" title="Education in Switzerland">upper secondary education</a>, and 5,671 or (16.0%) have completed additional higher education (either <a href="/wiki/List_of_universities_in_Switzerland" title="List of universities in Switzerland">university</a> or a <i><a href="/wiki/Fachhochschule" title="Fachhochschule">Fachhochschule</a></i>). Of the 5,671 who completed tertiary schooling, 47.7% were Swiss men, 31.2% were Swiss women, 12.4% were non-Swiss men and 8.7% were non-Swiss women.<sup id="cite_ref-STAT2000_25-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-STAT2000-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Canton of Fribourg school system provides one year of non-obligatory <a href="/wiki/Kindergarten" title="Kindergarten">Kindergarten</a>, followed by six years of Primary school. This is followed by three years of obligatory lower Secondary school where the students are separated according to ability and aptitude. Following the lower Secondary students may attend a three or four-year optional upper Secondary school. The upper Secondary school is divided into <a href="/wiki/Gymnasium_(school)" title="Gymnasium (school)">gymnasium</a> (university preparatory) and vocational programs. After they finish the upper Secondary program, students may choose to attend a Tertiary school or continue their apprenticeship.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the 2010–11 school year, there were a total of 14,170 students attending 974 classes in Fribourg. A total of 4,966 students from the municipality attended any school, either in the municipality or outside of it. There were 25 kindergarten classes with a total of 385 students in the municipality. The municipality had 117 primary classes and 2,037 students. During the same year, there were 117 lower secondary classes with a total of 2,313 students. There were 470 vocational upper Secondary classes and were 186 upper Secondary classes, with 4,012 upper Secondary students and 4,840 vocational upper Secondary students The municipality had 46 specialized Tertiary classes and were 13 non-university Tertiary classes, with 273 non-university Tertiary students and 310 specialized Tertiary students.<sup id="cite_ref-FR_STAT_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FR_STAT-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With its vast diversity of languages and course offerings, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Fribourg" title="University of Fribourg">University of Fribourg</a> is a popular destination for students on their <a href="/wiki/Erasmus_Programme" title="Erasmus Programme">Erasmus Programme</a>. </p><p>As of 2000<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fribourg&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, there were 8,234 students in Fribourg who came from another municipality, while 305 residents attended schools outside the municipality.<sup id="cite_ref-commuter_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-commuter-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transport">Transport</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fribourg&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Transport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Fribourg is the most important transport hub of the canton of Fribourg. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Roads">Roads</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fribourg&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Roads"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The town lies on the old main road from Bern to <a href="/wiki/Vevey" title="Vevey">Vevey</a>, and acts as an access point to <a href="/wiki/Payerne" title="Payerne">Payerne</a>, <a href="/wiki/Murten" title="Murten">Morat</a> and <a href="/wiki/Thun" title="Thun">Thun</a>. The connection to the Swiss motorway network was established in 1971 with the opening of the <a href="/wiki/A12_(Switzerland)" class="mw-redirect" title="A12 (Switzerland)">A12</a> motorway from Bern to <a href="/wiki/Matran" title="Matran">Matran</a>, which was extended in 1981 to Vevey. The Swiss east-west <a href="/wiki/A1_(Switzerland)" class="mw-redirect" title="A1 (Switzerland)">A1</a> from the West Bern bypasses the town to the north and west, only affecting the communities of Tälchen and Chamblioux. The access points of Fribourg-Sud and Fribourg-North are each about 3 km from the city centre. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Railway">Railway</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fribourg&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Railway"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Picswiss_FR-13-32.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Picswiss_FR-13-32.jpg/330px-Picswiss_FR-13-32.jpg" decoding="async" width="270" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Picswiss_FR-13-32.jpg/500px-Picswiss_FR-13-32.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6b/Picswiss_FR-13-32.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="333" /></a><figcaption>Zaehringen bridge crossing the Sarine</figcaption></figure> <p>The connection to the railway network was accomplished in several stages from 1860. Initially, the <a href="/wiki/Lausanne%E2%80%93Bern_railway" title="Lausanne–Bern railway">railway line from Bern</a> to Fribourg opened on 2 July 1860 with a temporary terminal at Balliswil about 4 km north of the city, as the <a href="/wiki/Grandfey_Viaduct" title="Grandfey Viaduct">Grandfey Viaduct</a> over the Sarine valley was not yet finished. On 4 September 1862, the whole of the line from Balliswil to Lausanne via Fribourg opened, with a temporary <a href="/wiki/Station_building" title="Station building">station building</a> at <a href="/wiki/Fribourg/Freiburg_railway_station" title="Fribourg/Freiburg railway station">Fribourg/Freiburg railway station</a>, until the permanent building opened in 1873. A line to <a href="/wiki/Payerne" title="Payerne">Payerne</a> opened on 25 August 1876 and to <a href="/wiki/Murten" title="Murten">Morat</a> on 23 August 1898. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Public_transport">Public transport</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fribourg&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Public transport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Picswiss_FR-13-45.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Picswiss_FR-13-45.jpg/330px-Picswiss_FR-13-45.jpg" decoding="async" width="290" height="193" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Picswiss_FR-13-45.jpg/500px-Picswiss_FR-13-45.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/10/Picswiss_FR-13-45.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="332" /></a><figcaption>TPF trolley bus in Fribourg</figcaption></figure> <p>A <a href="/wiki/Funicular" title="Funicular">funicular</a> railway has been operated from the Neuveville district to the upper city since 1899 by the sewage works. The <a href="/wiki/Fribourg_funicular" title="Fribourg funicular">Fribourg funicular</a> is one of the world's few remaining water-powered funiculars, and the only one powered by sewage water. The upper station is located at the sewage plant which pumps sewage water into the descending car, which makes it heavier than the ascending car. The sewage is released at the bottom.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>From 1897 to 1965 in Fribourg there was a 6-kilometre (3.7 mi) long tram network in operation, with the trams replaced from 1949 with the <a href="/wiki/Trolleybuses_in_Fribourg" title="Trolleybuses in Fribourg">Fribourg trolleybus system</a>. The current bus network is now operated by the <i><a href="/wiki/Transports_publics_fribourgeois" class="mw-redirect" title="Transports publics fribourgeois">Transports publics fribourgeois</a></i>, with connections to Bulle, Avenches, Schmitten, Schwarzenburg and in the tourist region <a href="/wiki/Schwarzsee" title="Schwarzsee">Schwarzsee</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Airport">Airport</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fribourg&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Airport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The regional <a href="/wiki/Bern-Belp_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Bern-Belp Airport">Bern-Belp Airport</a> is an hour away from the area.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture_and_tourism">Culture and tourism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fribourg&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Culture and tourism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fribourg_Ratz%C3%A9hof.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Fribourg_Ratz%C3%A9hof.jpg/220px-Fribourg_Ratz%C3%A9hof.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/49/Fribourg_Ratz%C3%A9hof.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="450" /></a><figcaption>Fribourg Hôtel Ratzé</figcaption></figure> <p>Fribourg is a day trip destination for tourists who want to visit the sights of the city. These include the historic Old City with its <a href="/wiki/International_Gothic" title="International Gothic">Gothic</a> <a href="/wiki/Fribourg_Cathedral" title="Fribourg Cathedral">Cathedral of Saint Nicholas</a> renowned for its stained glass windows designed by <a href="/wiki/J%C3%B3zef_Mehoffer" title="Józef Mehoffer">Józef Mehoffer</a>, and the museums. The Natural History Museum was founded in 1873, and is now located in the natural sciences building at the university. The Museum of Art and History, located in the Ratzéhof since 1920, has exhibits on ancient and early history, sculpture and paintings, traditional tin figures, arts and crafts, as well as money and graphic collections. In the cathedral, a treasure chamber has been on display since 1992. Other museums include the Swiss Museum of Marionnettes, the Swiss Sewing Machine Museum, the Gutenberg Museum, the <a href="/wiki/Bible_and_Orient_Museum" title="Bible and Orient Museum">Bible and Orient Museum</a> and a beer museum. </p><p>Cultural experiences include the festival of religious music, the international folklore convention, the jazz parade, an <a href="/wiki/Fribourg_International_Film_Festival" title="Fribourg International Film Festival">international film festival</a> and Cinéplus (since 1972). </p><p>Like its sister city Bern, Fribourg has preserved its <a href="/wiki/Medieval" class="mw-redirect" title="Medieval">medieval</a> center as a whole that is now one of the largest in Europe. It is located on a spectacular peninsula, surrounded on three sides by the Saane/La Sarine. The architecture of the Old City date primarily from the <a href="/wiki/High_Middle_Ages" title="High Middle Ages">Gothic</a> period; it was built predominately before the 16th century. Most houses are built of the local molasse stone. Consisting of the neighborhoods Bourg, Auge and Neuveville, its old town is rich in fountains and churches dating from the 12th century until the 17th century. Its <a href="/wiki/Fribourg_Cathedral" title="Fribourg Cathedral">cathedral</a>, reaching 76 metres (249 ft) in height, was built between 1283 and 1490. The fortifications of Fribourg form the most important medieval military architecture of Switzerland: 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) of <a href="/wiki/Defensive_wall" title="Defensive wall">ramparts</a>, 14 towers and one big <a href="/wiki/Bastion" title="Bastion">bulwark</a>. The protections are especially well preserved east and south of the city. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Heritage_sites_of_national_significance">Heritage sites of national significance</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fribourg&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Heritage sites of national significance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Fribourg is home to 67 buildings or sites that are listed as Swiss <a href="/wiki/Swiss_inventory_of_cultural_property_of_national_and_regional_significance" class="mw-redirect" title="Swiss inventory of cultural property of national and regional significance">heritage site of national significance</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Religious Buildings: Cistercians Maigrauge Abbey with Library, the former <a href="/wiki/Convent" title="Convent">Convent</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Augustinians" title="Augustinians">Augustinians</a>, Former <a href="/wiki/Commandry_(feudalism)" class="mw-redirect" title="Commandry (feudalism)">Commandry</a> de Saint-Jean, Notre-Dame <a href="/wiki/Basilica" title="Basilica">Basilica</a>, Saint-Nicolas et Trésor Cathedral, Centre paroissial du Christe-Roi, Chapel de Lorette, Chapel Saint-Barthélemy and Chapel de Pérolles, Convent of the Capucins, Convent of the Cordeliers, Convent of the Ursulines, Church of Saint-Pierre, Monastère de la Visitation and Monastère of the Capucines de Montorge</li> <li>Secular Buildings: Former Hôtel des Postes et Télégraphes, Centrale énergétique de la Maigrauge, Cercle de la Grande Société, Chancellerie de l’État, <a href="/wiki/Poya_Castle" title="Poya Castle">Poya Castle</a>, Cure at Rue de la Lenda 1, Factory Complex of the Chocolats Villars company, Fortifications, Funiculaire Neuveville-Saint-Pierre, Hôpital of the Bourgeois, Hôtel de Ville, Immeuble de rapport Sallin, Les Arcades, Motta Swimming Pool and Vieille Village</li> <li>Houses and Private Buildings: Auberge de la Cigogne, House at Rue de la Neuveville 48, House at Rue d’Or 7, House at Rue d’Or 13, House d’Alt at Place de l’Hôtel-de-Ville 1, House de Castella, House de Fégely-d’Estavayer dite Vicarino, House de François-Prosper de Castella, House de Gottrau dite Les Tornalettes, House de Jean-François d’Ammann de Macconens, House de Lanthen-Heid, House de Reyff, House de Reyff de Cugy, House de Techtermann, House de Nicolas Kuenlin, House des tanneurs Reyff, House Fégely (?) dite tannerie Deillon and Villa Mayer</li> <li>Schools: Collège Saint-Michel, Université Miséricorde</li> <li>Archives, Libraries and Museums: Archives de l’État de Fribourg, Archives de la Ville de Fribourg, Cantonal and University Library, Grenier de Derrière-Notre-Dame et Museum Gutenberg, Musée suisse des arts graphiques, Grenier de la Planche and Hôtel Ratzé et Museum d’art et d’histoire</li> <li>Fountains: Fountain de la Fidélité, Fountain de la Force, Fountain de la Samaritaine, Fountain de la Vaillance, Fountain de Sainte-Anne, Fountain de Saint-Georges, Fountain de Saint-Jean, Fountain de Samson and Jo Siffert Fountain</li> <li>Bridges: Pont de Berne, Pont de Saint-Jean, Pont du Gottéron and Pont du Milieu</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sports">Sports</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fribourg&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Sports"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The most popular sport club in the town is the <a href="/wiki/Ice_hockey" title="Ice hockey">ice hockey</a> club <a href="/wiki/HC_Fribourg-Gott%C3%A9ron" title="HC Fribourg-Gottéron">HC Fribourg-Gottéron</a>, which plays in the <a href="/wiki/National_League_(ice_hockey)" title="National League (ice hockey)">National League</a> (NL). Their home arena is the 9,178-seat <a href="/wiki/BCF_Arena" title="BCF Arena">BCF Arena</a>. Established in 1937, it has never won a Swiss championship, but has been runner-up five times. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Basketball" title="Basketball">Basketball</a> is played by <a href="/wiki/Fribourg_Olympic" class="mw-redirect" title="Fribourg Olympic">Fribourg Olympic</a>, which plays its home games at the 3,500-capacity gym of the Holy Cross College. The club has been successful, winning 13 championships (1966, '71, '73, '74, '78, '79, '81, '82, '85, '91, '92, '98, '99 and 2007), six Swiss Cups (1967, '76, '78, '97, '98 and 2007) and one League Cup in 2007. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Association_football" title="Association football">football</a> club <a href="/wiki/FC_Fribourg" title="FC Fribourg">FC Fribourg</a> plays in the 2. Liga Interregional, the fifth tier of Swiss Football. </p><p>Since 1933, on the first Sunday in October, a race from Murten to Fribourg, the "Murtenlauf" (Murten Run), is held to commemorate the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Murten" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Murten">Battle of Murten</a>. The 17-mile (27 km) race is one of the most popular <a href="/wiki/Fun_run" title="Fun run">fun runs</a> in Switzerland. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_residents">Notable residents</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fribourg&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Notable residents"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Saint_Petrus_Canisius.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Saint_Petrus_Canisius.jpg/150px-Saint_Petrus_Canisius.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="240" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Saint_Petrus_Canisius.jpg/225px-Saint_Petrus_Canisius.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Saint_Petrus_Canisius.jpg/300px-Saint_Petrus_Canisius.jpg 2x" data-file-width="936" data-file-height="1500" /></a><figcaption>Saint Petrus Canisius, 1699</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Berner_Iustitia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Berner_Iustitia.jpg/250px-Berner_Iustitia.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="241" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Berner_Iustitia.jpg/330px-Berner_Iustitia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1656" data-file-height="2662" /></a><figcaption>Statue of Lady Justice by Hans Gieng, 1543</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jean_Bourgknecht.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Jean_Bourgknecht.gif/150px-Jean_Bourgknecht.gif" decoding="async" width="150" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/00/Jean_Bourgknecht.gif 1.5x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="200" /></a><figcaption>Jean Bourgknecht</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Urs_Schwaller_(2007).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Urs_Schwaller_%282007%29.jpg/250px-Urs_Schwaller_%282007%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="211" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Urs_Schwaller_%282007%29.jpg/330px-Urs_Schwaller_%282007%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1960" data-file-height="2762" /></a><figcaption>Urs Schwaller, 2007</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Aeby_1940.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Aeby_1940.jpg/150px-Aeby_1940.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="308" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2e/Aeby_1940.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="156" data-file-height="320" /></a><figcaption>Georges Aeby, 1940</figcaption></figure> <dl><dt>Prior to the 19th century</dt></dl> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/De_Weck" title="De Weck">de Weck</a> family, prominent in Fribourg politics beginning in the 15th century</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Fries_(painter)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hans Fries (painter)">Hans Fries</a> (c. 1465 – c. 1523), Swiss painter before the Reformation</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Augustanus_Faber" title="Johann Augustanus Faber">Johann Augustanus Faber</a> (c. 1470–1531), Swiss theologian</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petrus_Canisius" class="mw-redirect" title="Petrus Canisius">Petrus Canisius</a> SJ (1521–1597), Dutch Jesuit Catholic priest, lived in Fribourg 1577–1597 and founded the Jesuit <a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coll%C3%A8ge_Saint-Michel_(Fribourg)" class="extiw" title="fr:Collège Saint-Michel (Fribourg)">Collège Saint-Michel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Gieng" title="Hans Gieng">Hans Gieng</a> (first mentioned 1525 – died 1562), Swiss Renaissance sculptor best known for his public fountain figures</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Jacques_Joseph_d%27Alt" title="Jean Jacques Joseph d'Alt">Jean Jacques Joseph d'Alt</a> (1653—1714), Swiss officer and administrator</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madeleine_Eggendorffer" title="Madeleine Eggendorffer">Madeleine Eggendorffer</a> (1744–1795), Swiss bookseller, publisher and businesswoman<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Girard_(pedagogue)" title="Jean-Baptiste Girard (pedagogue)">Jean-Baptiste Girard</a> (1765–1850), Swiss Franciscan educator<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <dl><dt>19th century</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Agassiz" title="Louis Agassiz">Louis Agassiz</a> (1807–1873), Swiss-American biologist and geologist<sup id="cite_ref-Marquis_1607-1896_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Marquis_1607-1896-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannes_Bapst" class="mw-redirect" title="Johannes Bapst">Johannes Bapst</a> (1815–1887), Swiss Jesuit missionary, first president of <a href="/wiki/Boston_College" title="Boston College">Boston College</a><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Rossier" title="Pierre Rossier">Pierre Rossier</a> (1829–1886), pioneering Swiss photographer, used albumen photographs</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ad%C3%A8le_d%27Affry" title="Adèle d'Affry">Adèle d'Affry</a> (1836–1879), Swiss artist and sculptor from a noble and military family</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jules_Repond" title="Jules Repond">Jules Repond</a> (1853–1933), Swiss lawyer and law professor, writer and journalist, politician, entrepreneur and military officer. <a href="/wiki/Commander_of_the_Pontifical_Swiss_Guard" class="mw-redirect" title="Commander of the Pontifical Swiss Guard">Commander of the Pontifical Swiss Guard</a> 1910–1921</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Jakob_Hess" title="Johann Jakob Hess">Johann Jakob Hess</a> (1866–1949), Swiss Egyptologist and Assyriologist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Schmidt_(linguist)" title="Wilhelm Schmidt (linguist)">Wilhelm Schmidt</a> SVD (1868–1954 in Fribourg), Austrian linguist, anthropologist and ethnologist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oswald_Pilloud" title="Oswald Pilloud">Oswald Pilloud</a> (1873–1946 in Fribourg), Swiss painter and illustrator</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Edouard_de_Castella" title="Jean-Edouard de Castella">Jean-Edouard de Castella</a> (1881–1966 in Fribourg), Swiss painter and illustrator</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oskar_Naegeli" title="Oskar Naegeli">Oskar Naegeli</a> (1885–1959 in Fribourg), Swiss dermatologist and chess master</li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Savary" title="Léon Savary">Léon Savary</a> (1895–1968), Swiss writer and journalist, historian of the city of Fribourg</li></ul> <dl><dt>20th century</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Bourgknecht" title="Jean Bourgknecht">Jean Bourgknecht</a> (1902–1964), Swiss politician, mayor of Fribourg 1950–1959 and member of the Swiss Federal Council 1959–1962</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Tinguely" title="Jean Tinguely">Jean Tinguely</a> (1925–1991), Swiss sculptor of machines or kinetic art, in the Dada tradition</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anni-Frid_Lyngstad" title="Anni-Frid Lyngstad">Anni-Frid Lyngstad</a> (born 1945), singer from Swedish pop group <a href="/wiki/ABBA" title="ABBA">ABBA</a>, lives near Fribourg</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Deiss" title="Joseph Deiss">Joseph Deiss</a> (born 1946), economist and Swiss politician; member of the Swiss Federal Council 1999–2006</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arlette_Zola" title="Arlette Zola">Arlette Zola</a> (born 1949), singer for Switzerland in the Eurovision Song Contest 1982.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Hemmer_(entrepreneur)" title="Pierre Hemmer (entrepreneur)">Pierre Hemmer</a> (1950–2013), Internet pioneer in Switzerland</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urs_Schwaller" title="Urs Schwaller">Urs Schwaller</a> (born 1952), Swiss politician, member of the Swiss Council of States for the Canton of Fribourg since 2003</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Vasella" title="Daniel Vasella">Daniel Vasella</a> M.D. (born 1953), physician, author and CEO of the Swiss pharmaceutical company <a href="/wiki/Novartis" title="Novartis">Novartis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_de_Weck" title="Roger de Weck">Roger de Weck</a> (born 1953), journalist and author</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_Mayer" title="Jean-François Mayer">Jean-François Mayer</a> (born 1957), religious historian, writer and analyst</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claude_Longchamp" title="Claude Longchamp">Claude Longchamp</a> (born 1957), Swiss historian, political scientist and analyst for Swiss TV</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Baumer" title="Thomas Baumer">Thomas Baumer</a> (born 1960), Swiss economist and expert for intercultural competence and personality assessment</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caroline_Charri%C3%A8re" title="Caroline Charrière">Caroline Charrière</a> (1960–2018), Swiss composer, conductor, flautist and educator</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franz_Treichler" title="Franz Treichler">Franz Treichler</a> (born 1961), Swiss musician, member of <a href="/wiki/The_Young_Gods" title="The Young Gods">The Young Gods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Laszlo_(scientist)" class="mw-redirect" title="Alexander Laszlo (scientist)">Alexander Laszlo</a> (born 1964), polycultural systems scientist, residing in Argentina</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Claude_Bastos_de_Morais" title="Jean-Claude Bastos de Morais">Jean-Claude Bastos de Morais</a> (born 1967), corrupt Swiss-Angolan entrepreneur</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alain_Berset" title="Alain Berset">Alain Berset</a> (born 1972), politician and member of the Swiss Federal Council</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Br%C3%BClhart" title="René Brülhart">René Brülhart</a> (born 1972), Swiss lawyer, president of the board of directors of the Financial Information Authority (AIF) of Vatican City</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mia_Aegerter" title="Mia Aegerter">Mia Aegerter</a> (born 1976), Swiss musician, model, and stage and film actress<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BARON.E" title="BARON.E">BARON.E</a> (formed 2019), music duo formed by Faustine Pochon and Arnaud Rolle</li></ul> <dl><dt>Sport</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Aeby" title="Paul Aeby">Paul Aeby</a> (1910–??), Swiss footballer, played for Switzerland in the <a href="/wiki/1938_FIFA_World_Cup" title="1938 FIFA World Cup">1938 FIFA World Cup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georges_Aeby" title="Georges Aeby">Georges Aeby</a> (1913–1999), footballer, played for Switzerland in the <a href="/wiki/1938_FIFA_World_Cup" title="1938 FIFA World Cup">1938 FIFA World Cup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jo_Siffert" title="Jo Siffert">Jo Siffert</a> (1936–1971), Swiss <a href="/wiki/F1" class="mw-redirect" title="F1">F1</a> racing driver</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Fasel" title="René Fasel">René Fasel</a> (born 1950), president of the <a href="/wiki/International_Ice_Hockey_Federation" title="International Ice Hockey Federation">International Ice Hockey Federation</a>; also a dentist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandra_Kolly" title="Sandra Kolly">Sandra Kolly</a> (born 1974), Swiss sport shooter, competed in the <a href="/wiki/2008_Summer_Olympics" title="2008 Summer Olympics">2008 Summer Olympics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Aebischer" title="David Aebischer">David Aebischer</a> (born 1978), <a href="/wiki/National_Hockey_League" title="National Hockey League">National Hockey League</a> goaltender</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yves_Mi%C3%A9ville" title="Yves Miéville">Yves Miéville</a> (born 1983), Swiss football player, over 250 team games</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pascal_Mancini" title="Pascal Mancini">Pascal Mancini</a> (born 1989), Swiss 100 metres sprinter, <a href="/wiki/Nandrolone" title="Nandrolone">nandrolone</a> user and racist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volkan_Oezdemir" title="Volkan Oezdemir">Volkan Oezdemir</a> (born 1989), mixed martial artist<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karen_Gaillard" title="Karen Gaillard">Karen Gaillard</a> (born 2001), racing driver</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sister_cities">Sister cities</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fribourg&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Sister cities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil"><img alt="Brazil" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/40px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/60px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Nova_Friburgo" title="Nova Friburgo">Nova Friburgo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fribourg&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mayors_of_Fribourg" title="List of mayors of Fribourg">List of mayors of Fribourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franco-Proven%C3%A7al_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Franco-Provençal language">Franco-Provençal language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villa_St._Jean_International_School" title="Villa St. Jean International School">Villa St. Jean International School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nova_Friburgo" title="Nova Friburgo">Nova Friburgo</a>, Brazil</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonderbund" class="mw-redirect" title="Sonderbund">Sonderbund</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fribourg&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626" /><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'f' in 'find'">f</span><span title="'r' in 'rye'">r</span><span title="/iː/: 'ee' in 'fleece'">iː</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'b' in 'buy'">b</span><span title="/ʊər/: 'our' in 'tour'">ʊər</span></span>/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling">free-<span style="font-size:90%">BOOR</span></i></a>,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <span class="IPA-label">French:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="fr-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/French" title="Help:IPA/French">[fʁibuʁ]</a></span> <span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/4\/41\/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Mecanautes-fribourg.wav\/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Mecanautes-fribourg.wav.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"LL-Q150 (fra)-Mecanautes-fribourg.wav"},"classes":["noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/41/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Mecanautes-fribourg.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Mecanautes-fribourg.wav.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:LL-Q150_(fra)-Mecanautes-fribourg.wav" title="File:LL-Q150 (fra)-Mecanautes-fribourg.wav">ⓘ</a></sup></span>; <a href="/wiki/Arpitan_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arpitan language">Arpitan</a>: <i lang="frp">Fribôrg</i> or <span title="Arpitan-language text"><i lang="frp">Friboua</i></span>, <span class="IPA-label">pronounced</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="frp-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Franco-Proven%C3%A7al" title="Help:IPA/Franco-Provençal">[fʁiˈbwa]</a></span> <span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-2" class="noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/a\/aa\/Frp-greverin-Friboua.ogg\/Frp-greverin-Friboua.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Frp-greverin-Friboua.ogg"},"classes":["noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/aa/Frp-greverin-Friboua.ogg/Frp-greverin-Friboua.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Frp-greverin-Friboua.ogg" title="File:Frp-greverin-Friboua.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span>; <a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a>: <i lang="it">Friburgo</i> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="it-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Italian" title="Help:IPA/Italian">[friˈburɡo]</a></span> or dated <span title="Italian-language text"><i lang="it">Friborgo</i></span>; <a href="/wiki/Romansh_language" title="Romansh language">Romansh</a>: <i lang="rm">Friburg</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Longer <a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a> name: <i lang="de">Freiburg im <a href="/wiki/%C3%9Cechtland" title="Üechtland">Üechtland</a></i>, <span class="IPA-label">pronounced</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="de-Latn-CH-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Standard_German" title="Help:IPA/Standard German">[ˈfraɪbʊrɡ<span class="wrap"> </span>(ɪm<span class="wrap"> </span>ˈyːəçtland)]</a></span>; <a href="/wiki/Swiss_German" title="Swiss German">Swiss German</a>: <i lang="gsw">Frybùrg</i> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="gsw-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Alemannic_German" title="Help:IPA/Alemannic German">[ˈfrib̥ʊrɡ̊]</a></span>. This name is used to distinguish from other places named Freiburg, particularly <a href="/wiki/Freiburg_im_Breisgau" title="Freiburg im Breisgau">Freiburg im Breisgau</a>.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fribourg&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626" /><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-wikidata-34465df301612b4c187d3751abe3e95527f60501-v18-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-wikidata-34465df301612b4c187d3751abe3e95527f60501-v18_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-wikidata-34465df301612b4c187d3751abe3e95527f60501-v18_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/de/home/statistiken/raum-umwelt/bodennutzung-bedeckung/gesamtspektrum-regionalen-stufen/gemeinden.html">"Arealstatistik Standard - Gemeinden nach 4 Hauptbereichen"</a>. Federal Statistical Office<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 January</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Arealstatistik+Standard+-+Gemeinden+nach+4+Hauptbereichen&rft.pub=Federal+Statistical+Office&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bfs.admin.ch%2Fbfs%2Fde%2Fhome%2Fstatistiken%2Fraum-umwelt%2Fbodennutzung-bedeckung%2Fgesamtspektrum-regionalen-stufen%2Fgemeinden.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFribourg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-wikidata-6991017500238104b5b1a0b58b70d822a160c527-v18-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-wikidata-6991017500238104b5b1a0b58b70d822a160c527-v18_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pxweb.bfs.admin.ch/pxweb/fr/px-x-0102020000_201/-/px-x-0102020000_201.px/table/tableViewLayout2/?rxid=c5985c8d-66cd-446c-9a07-d8cc07276160">https://www.pxweb.bfs.admin.ch/pxweb/fr/px-x-0102020000_201/-/px-x-0102020000_201.px/table/tableViewLayout2/?rxid=c5985c8d-66cd-446c-9a07-d8cc07276160</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 June</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pxweb.bfs.admin.ch%2Fpxweb%2Ffr%2Fpx-x-0102020000_201%2F-%2Fpx-x-0102020000_201.px%2Ftable%2FtableViewLayout2%2F%3Frxid%3Dc5985c8d-66cd-446c-9a07-d8cc07276160&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFribourg" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Missing or empty <code class="cs1-code">|title=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#citation_missing_title" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/Fribourg">"Fribourg"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Merriam-Webster" title="Merriam-Webster">Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary</a></i>. 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Vol. 02. 1907.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=John_Bapst&rft.btitle=Catholic+Encyclopedia&rft.date=1907&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFribourg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/name/nm1064570/">IMDb Database</a> retrieved 24 November 2018</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ufc.com/athlete/volkan-oezdemir">UFC profile</a> accessed 31 May 2017</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <ul><li><i>Fribourg (municipality)</i> in <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hls-dhs-dss.ch/textes/d/D953.php"><span title="Fribourg (municipality) in German">German</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hls-dhs-dss.ch/textes/f/F953.php"><span title="Fribourg (municipality) in French">French</span></a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hls-dhs-dss.ch/textes/i/I953.php"><span title="Fribourg (municipality) in Italian">Italian</span></a> in the online <i><a href="/wiki/Historical_Dictionary_of_Switzerland" title="Historical Dictionary of Switzerland">Historical Dictionary of Switzerland</a></i>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fribourg&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/60px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Fribourg,_Switzerland" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Fribourg, Switzerland">Fribourg</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCoolidge1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/W._A._B._Coolidge" title="W. A. B. Coolidge">Coolidge, William Augustus Brevoort</a> (1911). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Fribourg (city)"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Fribourg_(city)">"Fribourg (city)" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 11 (11th ed.). pp. <span class="nowrap">213–</span>214.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Fribourg+%28city%29&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E213-%3C%2Fspan%3E214&rft.edition=11th&rft.date=1911&rft.aulast=Coolidge&rft.aufirst=William+Augustus+Brevoort&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFribourg" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735" /><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/40px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/60px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/80px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikivoyage has a travel guide for <i><b><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Fribourg#Q36378" class="extiw" title="wikivoyage:Fribourg">Fribourg</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ville-fribourg.ch">Official website</a></span></span> <span class="languageicon">(in French and German)</span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style 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style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_Switzerland" title="Municipalities of Switzerland">Municipalities</a> in <a href="/wiki/Sarine_District" title="Sarine District">Sarine District</a>, Switzerland</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Autigny,_Switzerland" title="Autigny, Switzerland">Autigny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avry" title="Avry">Avry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belfaux" title="Belfaux">Belfaux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bois-d%27Amont,_Switzerland" title="Bois-d'Amont, Switzerland">Bois-d'Amont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Brillaz" title="La Brillaz">La Brillaz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A9nens" title="Chénens">Chénens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corminboeuf" title="Corminboeuf">Corminboeuf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cottens,_Fribourg" title="Cottens, Fribourg">Cottens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferpicloz" title="Ferpicloz">Ferpicloz</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Fribourg/Freiburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibloux_FR" class="mw-redirect" title="Gibloux FR">Gibloux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Givisiez" title="Givisiez">Givisiez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Granges-Paccot" title="Granges-Paccot">Granges-Paccot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grolley-Ponthaux" title="Grolley-Ponthaux">Grolley-Ponthaux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hauterive,_Fribourg" title="Hauterive, Fribourg">Hauterive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marly,_Fribourg" title="Marly, Fribourg">Marly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matran" title="Matran">Matran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Mouret" title="Le Mouret">Le Mouret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neyruz,_Switzerland" title="Neyruz, Switzerland">Neyruz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierrafortscha" title="Pierrafortscha">Pierrafortscha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prez,_Switzerland" title="Prez, Switzerland">Prez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Sonnaz" title="La Sonnaz">La Sonnaz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treyvaux" title="Treyvaux">Treyvaux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villars-sur-Gl%C3%A2ne" title="Villars-sur-Glâne">Villars-sur-Glâne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villarsel-sur-Marly" title="Villarsel-sur-Marly">Villarsel-sur-Marly</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Fribourg-coat_of_arms.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of the Canton Fribourg"><img alt="Coat of arms of the Canton Fribourg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Fribourg-coat_of_arms.svg/40px-Fribourg-coat_of_arms.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="44" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Fribourg-coat_of_arms.svg/60px-Fribourg-coat_of_arms.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Fribourg-coat_of_arms.svg/120px-Fribourg-coat_of_arms.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="603" data-file-height="763" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Fribourg" title="Canton of Fribourg">Fribourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Switzerland#Fribourg" title="Districts of Switzerland">Districts of Canton Fribourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_the_canton_of_Fribourg" title="Municipalities of the canton of Fribourg">Municipalities of the canton of Fribourg</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Cantons_and_capitals_of_Switzerland_Three_CantonsEight_CantonsThirteen_CantonsFlags_and_coats_of_arms530" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks plainlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Cantons_of_Switzerland" title="Template:Cantons of Switzerland"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Cantons_of_Switzerland" title="Template talk:Cantons of Switzerland"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Cantons_of_Switzerland" 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arms</a></span></li></ul></div></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Present-day cantons</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Aargau" class="mw-redirect" title="Canton of Aargau">Aargau (AG)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Appenzell_Ausserrhoden" class="mw-redirect" title="Canton of Appenzell Ausserrhoden">Appenzell Ausserrhoden (AR)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Appenzell_Innerrhoden" class="mw-redirect" title="Canton of Appenzell Innerrhoden">Appenzell Innerrhoden (AI)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Basel-Landschaft" class="mw-redirect" title="Canton of Basel-Landschaft">Basel-Landschaft (BL)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Basel-Stadt" class="mw-redirect" title="Canton of Basel-Stadt">Basel-Stadt (BS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Bern" title="Canton of Bern">Bern (BE)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Fribourg" title="Canton of Fribourg">Fribourg (FR)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Geneva" title="Canton of Geneva">Geneva (GE)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Glarus" title="Canton of Glarus">Glarus (GL)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Graub%C3%BCnden" class="mw-redirect" title="Canton of Graubünden">Grisons (GR)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Jura" title="Canton of Jura">Jura (JU)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Lucerne" title="Canton of Lucerne">Lucerne (LU)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Neuch%C3%A2tel" title="Canton of Neuchâtel">Neuchâtel (NE)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Nidwalden" class="mw-redirect" title="Canton of Nidwalden">Nidwalden (NW)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Obwalden" class="mw-redirect" title="Canton of Obwalden">Obwalden (OW)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Schaffhausen" title="Canton of Schaffhausen">Schaffhausen (SH)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Schwyz" title="Canton of Schwyz">Schwyz (SZ)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Solothurn" title="Canton of Solothurn">Solothurn (SO)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_St._Gallen" title="Canton of St. Gallen">St. Gallen (SG)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Thurgau" class="mw-redirect" title="Canton of Thurgau">Thurgau (TG)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Ticino" class="mw-redirect" title="Canton of Ticino">Ticino (TI)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Uri" title="Canton of Uri">Uri (UR)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Valais" class="mw-redirect" title="Canton of Valais">Valais (VS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Vaud" class="mw-redirect" title="Canton of Vaud">Vaud (VD)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Zug" title="Canton of Zug">Zug (ZG)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Z%C3%BCrich" class="mw-redirect" title="Canton of Zürich">Zürich (ZH)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Capitals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aarau" title="Aarau">Aarau (AG)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Altdorf,_Uri" title="Altdorf, Uri">Altdorf (UR)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Appenzell_(village)" title="Appenzell (village)">Appenzell (AI)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basel" title="Basel">Basel (BS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bellinzona" title="Bellinzona">Bellinzona (TI)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bern" title="Bern">Bern (BE)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chur" title="Chur">Chur (GR)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Del%C3%A9mont" title="Delémont">Delémont (JU)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frauenfeld" title="Frauenfeld">Frauenfeld (TG)</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Fribourg (FR)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geneva" title="Geneva">Geneva (GE)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glarus" title="Glarus">Glarus (GL)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herisau" title="Herisau">Herisau (AR)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lausanne" title="Lausanne">Lausanne (VD)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liestal" title="Liestal">Liestal (BL)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucerne" title="Lucerne">Lucerne (LU)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neuch%C3%A2tel" title="Neuchâtel">Neuchâtel (NE)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarnen" title="Sarnen">Sarnen (OW)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schaffhausen" title="Schaffhausen">Schaffhausen (SH)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schwyz" title="Schwyz">Schwyz (SZ)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sion,_Switzerland" title="Sion, Switzerland">Sion (VS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solothurn" title="Solothurn">Solothurn (SO)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stans" title="Stans">Stans (NW)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Gallen" title="St. Gallen">St. Gallen (SG)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zug" title="Zug">Zug (ZG)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zurich" title="Zurich">Zurich (ZH)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Historical cantons</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Appenzell" title="Appenzell">Appenzell (-1597)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Basel" title="Canton of Basel">Basel (-1833)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outer_Schwyz" title="Outer Schwyz">Outer Schwyz (-1833)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unterwalden" title="Unterwalden">Unterwalden (-15th century)</a></li> <li><i>Helvetic Republic</i> (-1803): <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Baden" title="Canton of Baden">Baden</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Bellinzona" title="Canton of Bellinzona">Bellinzona</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Fricktal" title="Canton of Fricktal">Fricktal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_L%C3%A9man" title="Canton of Léman">Léman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Linth" title="Canton of Linth">Linth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Lugano" title="Canton of Lugano">Lugano</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Oberland" title="Canton of Oberland">Oberland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Raetia" title="Canton of Raetia">Raetia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_S%C3%A4ntis" title="Canton of Säntis">Säntis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Waldst%C3%A4tten" title="Canton of Waldstätten">Waldstätten</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists by topic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cantonal_legislatures_of_Switzerland" title="List of cantonal legislatures of Switzerland">Legislatures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cantonal_executives_of_Switzerland" title="List of cantonal executives of Switzerland">Executives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Swiss_cantons_by_GRP" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Swiss cantons by GRP">By gross regional product (GRP)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Swiss_cantons_by_elevation" title="List of Swiss cantons by 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style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4071444-5">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n79084879">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11864192n">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11864192n">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Fribourg (Švýcarsko)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge622357&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a 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