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<span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Pillar of Ashoka</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pillar_of_Ashoka-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lumbini_complex" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lumbini_complex"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Lumbini complex</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lumbini_complex-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Excavation_at_the_Mayadevi_Temple_in_2013" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Excavation_at_the_Mayadevi_Temple_in_2013"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Excavation at the Mayadevi Temple in 2013</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Excavation_at_the_Mayadevi_Temple_in_2013-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religious_significance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religious_significance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Religious significance</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religious_significance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_developments" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_developments"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Other developments</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_developments-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tourism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tourism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Tourism</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Tourism-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Tourism subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Tourism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Transport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Places_to_visit" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Places_to_visit"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Places to visit</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Places_to_visit-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-New_hotel_construction" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#New_hotel_construction"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>New hotel construction</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-New_hotel_construction-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sister_cities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sister_cities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Sister cities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sister_cities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Lumbini</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 68 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-68" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">68 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A" title="لومبيني – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="لومبيني" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%80" title="লুম্বিনী – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="লুম্বিনী" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80" title="लुम्बिनी – Awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="लुम्बिनी" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="Awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lumbini" title="Lumbini – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Lumbini" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%80" title="লুম্বিনী – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="লুম্বিনী" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80" title="लुंबिनी – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="लुंबिनी" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Лумбини – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Лумбини" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A3%E0%BD%B4%E0%BD%98%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%96%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%93%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B" title="ལུམ་བི་ནི་ – Tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ལུམ་བི་ནི་" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lumbini" title="Lumbini – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Lumbini" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lumbin%C3%AD" title="Lumbiní – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Lumbiní" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lumbini" title="Lumbini – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Lumbini" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lumbini" title="Lumbini – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Lumbini" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80" title="लुम्बिनी – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="लुम्बिनी" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>डोटेली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lumbin%C4%AB" title="Lumbinī – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Lumbinī" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lumbini" title="Lumbini – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Lumbini" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lumbinio" title="Lumbinio – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Lumbinio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lumbini" title="Lumbini – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Lumbini" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C" title="لومبینی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="لومبینی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lumbini" title="Lumbini – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Lumbini" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%B2%E0%AB%81%E0%AA%AE%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%AC%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%A8%E0%AB%80" title="લુમ્બિની – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="લુમ્બિની" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A3%B8%EB%B9%84%EB%8B%88" title="룸비니 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="룸비니" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80" title="लुंबिनी – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="लुंबिनी" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lumbini" title="Lumbini – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Lumbini" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lumbin%C4%AB" title="Lumbinī – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Lumbinī" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lumbini" title="Lumbini – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Lumbini" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%91%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%99" title="לומביני – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="לומביני" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lumbini" title="Lumbini – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Lumbini" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9A%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9B%E1%83%91%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="ლუმბინი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ლუმბინი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lumbinis" title="Lumbinis – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Lumbinis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lumbini" title="Lumbini – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Lumbini" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80" title="लुम्बिनी – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="लुम्बिनी" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%AC%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BF" title="ലുംബിനി – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ലുംബിനി" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lumbini" title="Lumbini – Maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Lumbini" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80" title="लुंबिनी – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="लुंबिनी" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9A%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9B%E1%83%91%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="ლუმბინი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ლუმბინი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%89" title="لومبينى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="لومبينى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lumbini" title="Lumbini – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Lumbini" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9C%E1%80%AF%E1%80%99%E1%80%B9%E1%80%97%E1%80%AD%E1%80%94%E1%80%AE" title="လုမ္ဗိနီ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="လုမ္ဗိနီ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lumbini_(plaats)" title="Lumbini (plaats) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Lumbini (plaats)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80" title="लुम्बिनी – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="लुम्बिनी" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8,_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE" title="लुम्बिनी गाविस, रुपन्देही जिल्ला – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="लुम्बिनी गाविस, रुपन्देही जिल्ला" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AB%E3%83%B3%E3%83%93%E3%83%8B" title="ルンビニ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ルンビニ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lumbin%C4%AB" title="Lumbinī – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Lumbinī" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lumbini" title="Lumbini – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Lumbini" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%B2%E0%AD%81%E0%AC%AE%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%AC%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%A8%E0%AD%80" title="ଲୁମ୍ବିନୀ – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଲୁମ୍ବିନୀ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%81%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%80" title="ਲੁੰਬਿਨੀ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਲੁੰਬਿਨੀ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80" title="लुम्मिनी – Pali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="लुम्मिनी" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="Pali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>पालि</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C" title="لمبینی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="لمبینی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%9B%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%98%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%B8" title="លុម្ពិនី – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="លុម្ពិនី" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lumbini" title="Lumbini – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Lumbini" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lumbini" title="Lumbini – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Lumbini" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Лумбини – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Лумбини" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lumbini" title="Lumbini – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Lumbini" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%B6%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%AB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA" title="ලුම්බිණිය – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ලුම්බිණිය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lumbini" title="Lumbini – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Lumbini" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lumbini" title="Lumbini – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Lumbini" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lumbini" title="Lumbini – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Lumbini" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lumbini" title="Lumbini – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Lumbini" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lumbini" title="Lumbini – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Lumbini" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BF" title="லும்பினி – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="லும்பினி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%AC%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%BF" title="లుంబిని – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="లుంబిని" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99" title="ลุมพินีวัน – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ลุมพินีวัน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lumbini" title="Lumbini – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Lumbini" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%96" title="Лумбіні – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Лумбіні" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C" title="لمبینی – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="لمبینی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A2m-t%E1%BB%B3-ni" title="Lâm-tỳ-ni – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Lâm-tỳ-ni" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%93%9D%E6%AF%97%E5%B0%BC" title="蓝毗尼 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="蓝毗尼" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%97%8D%E6%AF%97%E5%B0%BC" title="藍毗尼 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="藍毗尼" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q9213#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Lumbini" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Lumbini" 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<div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Lumbini&params=27_28_53_N_83_16_33_E_"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">27°28′53″N</span> <span class="longitude">83°16′33″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">27.48139°N 83.27583°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">27.48139; 83.27583</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Historical city in Lumbini Province, Nepal</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the Buddhist pilgrimage site. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Lumbini_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Lumbini (disambiguation)">Lumbini (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">City in Lumbini Province, Nepal</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Lumbini</div> <div class="nickname ib-settlement-native" lang="np">लुम्बिनी</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/City" title="City">City</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:BRP_Lumbini_Mayadevi_temple.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Maya Devi Temple, Lumbini, marking the Buddha's birthplace"><img alt="Maya Devi Temple, Lumbini, marking the Buddha's birthplace" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/BRP_Lumbini_Mayadevi_temple.jpg/250px-BRP_Lumbini_Mayadevi_temple.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/BRP_Lumbini_Mayadevi_temple.jpg/375px-BRP_Lumbini_Mayadevi_temple.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/BRP_Lumbini_Mayadevi_temple.jpg/500px-BRP_Lumbini_Mayadevi_temple.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4093" data-file-height="2143" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption"><a href="/wiki/Maya_Devi_Temple,_Lumbini" title="Maya Devi Temple, Lumbini">Maya Devi Temple, Lumbini</a>, marking the <a href="/wiki/Buddha" class="mw-redirect" title="Buddha">Buddha</a>'s birthplace</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="switcher-container"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nepal_Lumbini_rel_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Lumbini is located in Lumbini Province"><img alt="Lumbini is located in Lumbini Province" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Nepal_Lumbini_rel_location_map.svg/250px-Nepal_Lumbini_rel_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Nepal_Lumbini_rel_location_map.svg/375px-Nepal_Lumbini_rel_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Nepal_Lumbini_rel_location_map.svg/500px-Nepal_Lumbini_rel_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="809" data-file-height="519" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:84.367%;left:74.245%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Lumbini"><img alt="Lumbini" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;bottom:4px;left:-3em"><div>Lumbini</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location of Lumbini in Nepal</div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Lumbini Province</span></div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nepal_rel_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Lumbini is located in Nepal"><img alt="Lumbini is located in Nepal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Nepal_rel_location_map.svg/250px-Nepal_rel_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Nepal_rel_location_map.svg/375px-Nepal_rel_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Nepal_rel_location_map.svg/500px-Nepal_rel_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="721" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:70.372%;left:39.952%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Lumbini"><img alt="Lumbini" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;bottom:4px;left:-3em"><div>Lumbini</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Lumbini (Nepal)</div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Nepal</span></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Lumbini&params=27_28_53_N_83_16_33_E_type:city_region:NP-P5"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">27°28′53″N</span> <span class="longitude">83°16′33″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">27.48139°N 83.27583°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">27.48139; 83.27583</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states" title="List of sovereign states">Country</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal">Nepal</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Nepal" title="Provinces of Nepal">Province</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Lumbini_Province" title="Lumbini Province">Lumbini Province</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Nepal" class="mw-redirect" title="Districts of Nepal">District</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Rupandehi_District" title="Rupandehi District">Rupandehi</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Nepal" title="List of cities in Nepal">Municipality</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Lumbini_Sanskritik" title="Lumbini Sanskritik">Lumbini Sanskritik</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Development_trust" title="Development trust">Development trust</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Body</th><td class="infobox-data agent"><a href="/wiki/Lumbini_Development_Trust" title="Lumbini Development Trust">Lumbini Development Trust</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">150 m (490 ft)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B05:45" title="UTC+05:45">UTC+05:45</a> (<a href="/wiki/Nepal_Standard_Time" title="Nepal Standard Time">NST</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Postal code</th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="postal-code">32914</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lumbinidevtrust.gov.np">www<wbr />.lumbinidevtrust<wbr />.gov<wbr />.np</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title category" style="font-size:125%;">Lumbini, the Birthplace of the Lord Buddha</caption><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org" style="padding:0.2em;background:#0177d3;font-size:100%;"><a href="/wiki/UNESCO_World_Heritage_Site" class="mw-redirect" title="UNESCO World Heritage Site"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: #ffffff; text-decoration: inherit;">UNESCO World Heritage Site</span></a></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.3em;"><a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Sites_by_country" title="World Heritage Sites by country">Location</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Rupandehi_District" title="Rupandehi District">Rupandehi District</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal">Nepal</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.3em;"><a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site#Selection_criteria" title="World Heritage Site">Criteria</a></th><td class="infobox-data category">Cultural: iii, vi</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.3em;">Reference</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/666">666</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.3em;">Inscription</th><td class="infobox-data">1997 (21st <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Committee" title="World Heritage Committee">Session</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.3em;">Area</th><td class="infobox-data category">198.95 ha</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.3em;">Buffer zone</th><td class="infobox-data category">22.78 ha</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="geo-inline-hidden noexcerpt"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Lumbini&params=27_28_53_N_83_16_33_E_"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">27°28′53″N</span> <span class="longitude">83°16′33″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">27.48139°N 83.27583°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">27.48139; 83.27583</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:BRP_Lumbini_Ashoka_pillar.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/BRP_Lumbini_Ashoka_pillar.jpg/205px-BRP_Lumbini_Ashoka_pillar.jpg" decoding="async" width="205" height="351" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/BRP_Lumbini_Ashoka_pillar.jpg/307px-BRP_Lumbini_Ashoka_pillar.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/BRP_Lumbini_Ashoka_pillar.jpg/410px-BRP_Lumbini_Ashoka_pillar.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2458" data-file-height="4211" /></a><figcaption>Ashoka Pillar of Lumbini</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lumbini_pillar_Medieval_inscription.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Lumbini_pillar_Medieval_inscription.jpg/202px-Lumbini_pillar_Medieval_inscription.jpg" decoding="async" width="202" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Lumbini_pillar_Medieval_inscription.jpg/303px-Lumbini_pillar_Medieval_inscription.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Lumbini_pillar_Medieval_inscription.jpg/404px-Lumbini_pillar_Medieval_inscription.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2041" data-file-height="1320" /></a><figcaption>Lumbini pillar inscription by King <a href="/wiki/Ripumalla" class="mw-redirect" title="Ripumalla">Ripumalla</a>: "<a href="/wiki/Om_mani_padme_hum" title="Om mani padme hum">Om Mani Padme Hum</a> Sri Ripu Malla Chiram Jayatu 1234 <a href="/wiki/Saka_Era" class="mw-redirect" title="Saka Era">Saka Era</a>" ("<a href="/wiki/Om_mani_padme_hum" title="Om mani padme hum">Om Mani Padme Hum</a> May Prince Ripu Malla be long victorious")<sup id="cite_ref-Huu_Phuoc_p.269_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Huu_Phuoc_p.269-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks" style="background:#FFFEE9; border:3px solid #af4730"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle" style="background:#af4630; color:white"><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_Pilgrimage" class="mw-redirect" title="Buddhist Pilgrimage"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">Pilgrimage to</span></a></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="background:#af4630; color:white"><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_Pilgrimage" class="mw-redirect" title="Buddhist Pilgrimage"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">Buddha's Holy Sites</span></a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Dharma_Wheel.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Dharma_Wheel.svg/80px-Dharma_Wheel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Dharma_Wheel.svg/120px-Dharma_Wheel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Dharma_Wheel.svg/160px-Dharma_Wheel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#af4630; color:white;color: var(--color-base)">The Four Main Sites</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bodh_Gaya" title="Bodh Gaya">Bodh Gaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kushinagar" title="Kushinagar">Kushinagar</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Lumbini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarnath" title="Sarnath">Sarnath</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#af4630; color:white;color: var(--color-base)">Four Additional Sites</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rajgir" title="Rajgir">Rajgir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sankissa" title="Sankissa">Sankissa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shravasti" title="Shravasti">Shravasti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaishali_(ancient_city)" title="Vaishali (ancient city)">Vaishali</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#af4630; color:white;color: var(--color-base)">Other Sites</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ajanta_Caves" title="Ajanta Caves">Ajanta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amaravati_Stupa" title="Amaravati Stupa">Amaravati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barabar_Caves" title="Barabar Caves">Barabar Caves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bharhut" title="Bharhut">Bharhut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandavaram_Buddhist_site" title="Chandavaram Buddhist site">Chandavaram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devdaha" title="Devdaha">Devdaha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ellora_Caves" title="Ellora Caves">Ellora Caves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kapilavastu_(ancient_city)" title="Kapilavastu (ancient city)">Kapilavastu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kesaria_Stupa" title="Kesaria Stupa">Kesaria Stupa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosambi" title="Kosambi">Kosambi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lalitgiri" title="Lalitgiri">Lalitgiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mathura" title="Mathura">Mathura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nalanda" class="mw-redirect" title="Nalanda">Nalanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nasik_Caves" title="Nasik Caves">Nasik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pataliputra" title="Pataliputra">Pataliputra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%C4%81v%C4%81" title="Pāvā">Pāvā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piprahwa" title="Piprahwa">Piprahwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pushpagiri_Vihara" title="Pushpagiri Vihara">Pushpagiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramagrama_stupa" title="Ramagrama stupa">Ramagrama stupa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ratnagiri,_Odisha" title="Ratnagiri, Odisha">Ratnagiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanchi" title="Sanchi">Sanchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Udayagiri,_Odisha" title="Udayagiri, Odisha">Udayagiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tilaurakot" title="Tilaurakot">Tilaurakot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varanasi" title="Varanasi">Varanasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vikramashila" title="Vikramashila">Vikramashila</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:BuddhasHolySites" title="Template:BuddhasHolySites"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:BuddhasHolySites" title="Template talk:BuddhasHolySites"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:BuddhasHolySites" title="Special:EditPage/Template:BuddhasHolySites"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Buddhist_pilgrimage_sites_in_India.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Buddhist_pilgrimage_sites_in_India.svg/240px-Buddhist_pilgrimage_sites_in_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="240" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Buddhist_pilgrimage_sites_in_India.svg/360px-Buddhist_pilgrimage_sites_in_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Buddhist_pilgrimage_sites_in_India.svg/480px-Buddhist_pilgrimage_sites_in_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></a><figcaption>Map of Lumbini in relation to other <i>Eight Great Places</i> <a href="/wiki/Buddhist_pilgrimage" class="mw-redirect" title="Buddhist pilgrimage">Buddhist pilgrimage</a> sites and notable nearby cities</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Lumbinī</b> ([लुम्बिनी] <span style="color:#d33">Error: {{Langx}}: invalid parameter: |IPA= (<a href="/wiki/Category:Lang_and_lang-xx_template_errors" title="Category:Lang and lang-xx template errors">help</a>)</span> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">pronounced</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="ne-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Nepali" title="Help:IPA/Nepali">[ˈlumbini]</a></span> <span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/a\/ae\/Lumbini_audio.ogg\/Lumbini_audio.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Lumbini audio.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/ae/Lumbini_audio.ogg/Lumbini_audio.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Lumbini_audio.ogg" title="File:Lumbini audio.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span>, "the lovely") is a <a href="/wiki/Buddhist_pilgrimage" class="mw-redirect" title="Buddhist pilgrimage">Buddhist pilgrimage site</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Rupandehi_District" title="Rupandehi District">Rupandehi District</a> of <a href="/wiki/Lumbini_Province" title="Lumbini Province">Lumbini Province</a> in <a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal">Nepal</a>. According to the sacred texts of the <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhist</a> Commentaries, <a href="/wiki/Maya_Devi" class="mw-redirect" title="Maya Devi">Maya Devi</a> gave birth to <a href="/wiki/The_Buddha" title="The Buddha">Siddhartha Gautama</a> in Lumbini in c.624 <a href="/wiki/Common_Era" title="Common Era">BCE</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-UNESC01997_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UNESC01997-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-UNESCO2014_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UNESCO2014-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Siddhartha Gautama achieved <a href="/wiki/Enlightenment_in_Buddhism" title="Enlightenment in Buddhism">Enlightenment</a>, and became Shakyamuni Buddha who founded <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He later passed into <a href="/wiki/Parinirvana" title="Parinirvana">parinirvana</a> at the age of 80 years, in c.544 BCE.<sup id="cite_ref-Cousins1996_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cousins1996-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lumbini is one of four most sacred pilgrimage sites pivotal in the life of the Buddha.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Lumbini has a number of old temples, including the <a href="/wiki/Maya_Devi_Temple,_Lumbini" title="Maya Devi Temple, Lumbini">Mayadevi Temple</a>, and several new temples, funded by Buddhist organisations from various countries. Most of the temples have already been completed and some are still under construction. Many monuments, <a href="/wiki/Buddhist_monasticism" title="Buddhist monasticism">monasteries</a>, stupas, a museum, and the Lumbini International Research Institute are also near to the holy site. The Puskarini, or Holy Pond, is where Mayadevi, the Buddha's mother, is believed to have taken the ritual bath prior to his birth and where the Buddha also had his first bath. At other sites near Lumbini, earlier Buddhas were born, then achieved ultimate Enlightenment and finally relinquished their earthly forms.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Lumbini was made a <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">World Heritage Site</a> by <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a> in 1997.<sup id="cite_ref-UNESC01997_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UNESC01997-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-UNESCO2014_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UNESCO2014-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-lumbini_location_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lumbini_location-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_Buddha's_time"><span id="In_Buddha.27s_time"></span>In Buddha's time</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lumbini&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: In Buddha's time"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the time of the Buddha, Lumbini was situated east of <a href="/wiki/Kapilavastu_(ancient_city)" title="Kapilavastu (ancient city)">Kapilavastu</a> and south-west of <a href="/wiki/Devadaha" class="mw-redirect" title="Devadaha">Devadaha</a> of <a href="/wiki/Shakya" title="Shakya">Shakya</a>, an oligarchic republic.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the Buddhist tradition, it was there that the Buddha was born.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Lumbini_pillar_inscription" title="Lumbini pillar inscription">Ashoka Pillar of Lumbini</a>, a monolithic column with an inscription in the ancient <a href="/wiki/Brahmi_script" title="Brahmi script">Brahmi script</a> discovered at <a href="/wiki/Rupandehi_District" title="Rupandehi District">Rupandehi</a> in 1896, is believed to mark the spot of <a href="/wiki/Ashoka" title="Ashoka">Ashoka</a>'s visit to Lumbini. The site was not known as Lumbini before the pillar was discovered.<sup id="cite_ref-Sen_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sen-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The translation of inscription (by Paranavitana) reads: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>When King Devanampriya Priyadarsin had been anointed twenty years, he came himself and worshipped (this spot) because the Buddha Shakyamuni was born here. (He) both caused to be made a stone bearing a horse and caused a stone pillar to be set up, (in order to show) that the Blessed One was born here. (He) made the village of Lumbini free of taxes, and paying (only) an eighth share (of the produce).<sup id="cite_ref-See_Mukerji_p._27_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-See_Mukerji_p._27-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-translations_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-translations-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p></blockquote> <p>The park was previously known as <a href="/wiki/Rupandehi_District" title="Rupandehi District">Rupandehi</a>, 2 mi (3.2 km) north of Bhagavanpura. The Sutta Nipáta (vs. 683) states that the Buddha was born in a village of the Sákyans in the Lumbineyya Janapada. The Buddha stayed in Lumbinívana during his visit to Devadaha and there preached the Devadaha Sutta.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pillar_of_Ashoka">Pillar of Ashoka</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lumbini&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Pillar of Ashoka"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Lumbini_pillar_inscription" title="Lumbini pillar inscription">Lumbini pillar inscription</a></div> <p>In 1896, former <a href="/wiki/Commander-In-Chief_of_the_Nepalese_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Commander-In-Chief of the Nepalese Army">Commander-In-Chief of the Nepalese Army</a> General <a href="/wiki/Khadga_Shamsher_Jang_Bahadur_Rana" class="mw-redirect" title="Khadga Shamsher Jang Bahadur Rana">Khadga Shamsher Jang Bahadur Rana</a> and <a href="/wiki/Alois_Anton_F%C3%BChrer" title="Alois Anton Führer">Alois Anton Führer</a> discovered a great <a href="/wiki/Pillars_of_Ashoka" title="Pillars of Ashoka">stone pillar</a> at <a href="/wiki/Rupandehi_District" title="Rupandehi District">Rupandehi</a>, according to the crucial historical records made by the ancient Chinese monk-pilgrim <a href="/wiki/Xuanzang" title="Xuanzang">Xuanzang</a> in the 7th century <a href="/wiki/Common_Era" title="Common Era">CE</a> and by another ancient Chinese monk-pilgrim <a href="/wiki/Faxian" title="Faxian">Faxian</a> in the early 5th century CE. The Brahmi inscription on the pillar gives evidence that <a href="/wiki/Ashoka" title="Ashoka">Ashoka</a>, emperor of the <a href="/wiki/Maurya_Empire" title="Maurya Empire">Maurya Empire</a>, visited the place in 3rd-century BCE and identified it as the birth-place of the Buddha. </p><p>At the top of the pillar, there is a second inscription by king <a href="/wiki/Ripumalla" class="mw-redirect" title="Ripumalla">Ripumalla</a> (1234 <a href="/wiki/Saka_Era" class="mw-redirect" title="Saka Era">Saka Era</a>, 13-14th century CE), who is also known from an inscription at the <a href="/wiki/Nigali_Sagar" title="Nigali Sagar">Nigali Sagar</a> pillar: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p><i><a href="/wiki/Om_mani_padme_hum" title="Om mani padme hum">Om mani padme hum</a></i> May Prince Ripu Malla be long victorious 1234</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Inscription of King <a href="/wiki/Ripumalla" class="mw-redirect" title="Ripumalla">Ripumalla</a> on the Lumbini pillar of Ashoka, 1234 Saka Era (13–14th century).<sup id="cite_ref-Huu_Phuoc_p.269_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Huu_Phuoc_p.269-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></div></blockquote> <p>A second pillar of Ashoka is located about 22 kilometers to the northwest of Lumbini, the <a href="/wiki/Nigali_Sagar" title="Nigali Sagar">Nigali Sagar</a> pillar (with inscription), and a third one 24 kilometers to the west, the <a href="/wiki/Gotihawa" title="Gotihawa">Gotihawa</a> pillar (without inscription). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lumbini_complex">Lumbini complex</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lumbini&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Lumbini complex"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lumbini_Buddhist_pilgrimage_IMG_0678_18.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Lumbini_Buddhist_pilgrimage_IMG_0678_18.jpg/241px-Lumbini_Buddhist_pilgrimage_IMG_0678_18.jpg" decoding="async" width="241" height="181" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Lumbini_Buddhist_pilgrimage_IMG_0678_18.jpg/362px-Lumbini_Buddhist_pilgrimage_IMG_0678_18.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Lumbini_Buddhist_pilgrimage_IMG_0678_18.jpg/482px-Lumbini_Buddhist_pilgrimage_IMG_0678_18.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/World_Peace_Pagoda,_Lumbini" title="World Peace Pagoda, Lumbini">World Peace Pagoda</a> in Lumbini</figcaption></figure> <p>Lumbini is 4.8 km (3 mi) in length and 1.6 km (1.0 mi) in width. The holy site of Lumbini is bordered by a large monastic zone in which only monasteries can be built, no shops, hotels or restaurants. It is separated into an eastern and western monastic zone, the eastern having the <a href="/wiki/Theravada" title="Theravada">Theravadin</a> monasteries, the western having <a href="/wiki/Mahayana" title="Mahayana">Mahayana</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vajrayana" title="Vajrayana">Vajrayana</a> monasteries. There is a long water filled canal separating the western and eastern zones, with a series of brick arch bridges joining the two sides along the length. The canal is serviced by simple outboard motor boats at the north end which provides tours. The holy site of Lumbini has ruins of ancient monasteries, a sacred <a href="/wiki/Bodhi_tree" class="mw-redirect" title="Bodhi tree">Bodhi tree</a>, an ancient bathing pond, the <a href="/wiki/Pillars_of_Ashoka" title="Pillars of Ashoka">Ashokan pillar</a> and the Mayadevi Temple, a site traditionally considered to be the birthplace of the Buddha. From early morning to early evening, pilgrims from various countries perform chanting and meditation at the site. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nepal_DSCN2126a.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ancient ruins at Lumbini"><img alt="Ancient ruins at Lumbini" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Nepal_DSCN2126a.jpg/120px-Nepal_DSCN2126a.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Nepal_DSCN2126a.jpg/180px-Nepal_DSCN2126a.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Nepal_DSCN2126a.jpg/240px-Nepal_DSCN2126a.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Ancient ruins at Lumbini</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lumbini,_Buddhist_pilgrims_2,_Tree,_Nepal.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bodhi tree"><img alt="Bodhi tree" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Lumbini%2C_Buddhist_pilgrims_2%2C_Tree%2C_Nepal.jpg/120px-Lumbini%2C_Buddhist_pilgrims_2%2C_Tree%2C_Nepal.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Lumbini%2C_Buddhist_pilgrims_2%2C_Tree%2C_Nepal.jpg/180px-Lumbini%2C_Buddhist_pilgrims_2%2C_Tree%2C_Nepal.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Lumbini%2C_Buddhist_pilgrims_2%2C_Tree%2C_Nepal.jpg/240px-Lumbini%2C_Buddhist_pilgrims_2%2C_Tree%2C_Nepal.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2048" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Bodhi_tree" class="mw-redirect" title="Bodhi tree">Bodhi tree</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mayadevi_Temple_and_ruins_of_ancient_monasteries_in_Lumbini_03.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Mayadevi Temple and ruins of ancient monasteries"><img alt="Mayadevi Temple and ruins of ancient monasteries" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Mayadevi_Temple_and_ruins_of_ancient_monasteries_in_Lumbini_03.jpg/120px-Mayadevi_Temple_and_ruins_of_ancient_monasteries_in_Lumbini_03.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Mayadevi_Temple_and_ruins_of_ancient_monasteries_in_Lumbini_03.jpg/180px-Mayadevi_Temple_and_ruins_of_ancient_monasteries_in_Lumbini_03.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Mayadevi_Temple_and_ruins_of_ancient_monasteries_in_Lumbini_03.jpg/240px-Mayadevi_Temple_and_ruins_of_ancient_monasteries_in_Lumbini_03.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Maya_Devi_Temple,_Lumbini" title="Maya Devi Temple, Lumbini">Mayadevi Temple</a> and ruins of ancient monasteries</div> </li> </ul> <p>Lumbini complex is divided into three areas: the Sacred Garden, the Monastic Zone and the Cultural Center and New Lumbini Village. The Sacred Garden remains the epicenter of the Lumbini area and consists of the birthplace of <a href="/wiki/Buddha" class="mw-redirect" title="Buddha">Buddha</a> and other monuments of archaeological and spiritual importance such as the <a href="/wiki/Maya_Devi_Temple,_Lumbini" title="Maya Devi Temple, Lumbini">Mayadevi Temple</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Pillars_of_Ashoka" title="Pillars of Ashoka">Ashoka Pillar</a>, the Marker Stone, the Nativity Sculpture, Puskarini Sacred Pond and other structural ruins of Buddhist stupas and viharas. The Monastic Zone, spanning an area of one square mile is divided into two zones: the East Monastic Zone which represents <a href="/wiki/Theravada" title="Theravada">Theravada</a> school of Buddhism and the West Monastic Zone which represents <a href="/wiki/Mahayana" title="Mahayana">Mahayana</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vajrayana" title="Vajrayana">Vajrayana</a> school of Buddhism, with their respective monasteries on the either side of a long pedestrian walkway and canal. Marking the monastic spot as a sacred pilgrimage site, many countries have established Buddhist stupas and monasteries in the monastic zone with their unique historical, cultural and spiritual designs. The Cultural Center and New Lumbini Village comprises Lumbini Museum, Lumbini International Research Institute, World Peace Pagoda of Japan, Lumbini Crane Sanctuary and other administrative offices.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Bangladesh" title="Government of Bangladesh">Government of Bangladesh</a> is currently<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Words_to_watch#Relative_time_references" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Words to watch"><span title="Clarify the applicable timeframe so that it is unambiguous when read at a later date. (October 2024)">timeframe?</span></a></i>]</sup> constructing a major Buddhist monastery in Lumbini.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px; height: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lumbini-44-indischer_Tempel-2013-gje.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Indian Temple"><img alt="Indian Temple" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Lumbini-44-indischer_Tempel-2013-gje.jpg/150px-Lumbini-44-indischer_Tempel-2013-gje.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="102" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Lumbini-44-indischer_Tempel-2013-gje.jpg/225px-Lumbini-44-indischer_Tempel-2013-gje.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Lumbini-44-indischer_Tempel-2013-gje.jpg/300px-Lumbini-44-indischer_Tempel-2013-gje.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4308" data-file-height="2942" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Indian Temple</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px; height: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Shanti_stupa,_World_Peace_Pagoda,_Lumbini.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Japanese Stupa"><img alt="Japanese Stupa" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Shanti_stupa%2C_World_Peace_Pagoda%2C_Lumbini.jpg/150px-Shanti_stupa%2C_World_Peace_Pagoda%2C_Lumbini.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Shanti_stupa%2C_World_Peace_Pagoda%2C_Lumbini.jpg/225px-Shanti_stupa%2C_World_Peace_Pagoda%2C_Lumbini.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Shanti_stupa%2C_World_Peace_Pagoda%2C_Lumbini.jpg/300px-Shanti_stupa%2C_World_Peace_Pagoda%2C_Lumbini.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Japanese Stupa</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px; height: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Royal_Thai_Monastery,_Lumbini.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Royal Thailand Monastery"><img alt="Royal Thailand Monastery" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Royal_Thai_Monastery%2C_Lumbini.jpg/150px-Royal_Thai_Monastery%2C_Lumbini.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Royal_Thai_Monastery%2C_Lumbini.jpg/225px-Royal_Thai_Monastery%2C_Lumbini.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Royal_Thai_Monastery%2C_Lumbini.jpg/300px-Royal_Thai_Monastery%2C_Lumbini.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4624" data-file-height="3472" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Royal Thailand Monastery</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px; height: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Zhong_Hua_Chinese_Buddhist_Monastery,_Lumbini,_Nepal.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Chinese Monastery"><img alt="Chinese Monastery" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Zhong_Hua_Chinese_Buddhist_Monastery%2C_Lumbini%2C_Nepal.jpg/150px-Zhong_Hua_Chinese_Buddhist_Monastery%2C_Lumbini%2C_Nepal.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Zhong_Hua_Chinese_Buddhist_Monastery%2C_Lumbini%2C_Nepal.jpg/225px-Zhong_Hua_Chinese_Buddhist_Monastery%2C_Lumbini%2C_Nepal.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Zhong_Hua_Chinese_Buddhist_Monastery%2C_Lumbini%2C_Nepal.jpg/300px-Zhong_Hua_Chinese_Buddhist_Monastery%2C_Lumbini%2C_Nepal.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="3216" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Chinese Monastery</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px; height: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:German_Buddhist_Temple_(9105852247).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="German Monastery"><img alt="German Monastery" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/German_Buddhist_Temple_%289105852247%29.jpg/150px-German_Buddhist_Temple_%289105852247%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/German_Buddhist_Temple_%289105852247%29.jpg/225px-German_Buddhist_Temple_%289105852247%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/German_Buddhist_Temple_%289105852247%29.jpg/300px-German_Buddhist_Temple_%289105852247%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">German Monastery</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px; height: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:French_monastery.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="French Monastery"><img alt="French Monastery" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/French_monastery.jpg/150px-French_monastery.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="98" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/French_monastery.jpg/225px-French_monastery.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/French_monastery.jpg/300px-French_monastery.jpg 2x" data-file-width="8169" data-file-height="5311" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">French Monastery</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px; height: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:2015-03-16_Lumbini%EF%BC%88Sri_Lanka_temple%EF%BC%89%E3%83%AB%E3%83%B3%E3%83%93%E3%83%8B%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B9%E3%83%AA%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%82%AB%E5%AF%BA_DSCF1296.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Sri Lankan Temple"><img alt="Sri Lankan Temple" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/2015-03-16_Lumbini%EF%BC%88Sri_Lanka_temple%EF%BC%89%E3%83%AB%E3%83%B3%E3%83%93%E3%83%8B%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B9%E3%83%AA%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%82%AB%E5%AF%BA_DSCF1296.jpg/150px-2015-03-16_Lumbini%EF%BC%88Sri_Lanka_temple%EF%BC%89%E3%83%AB%E3%83%B3%E3%83%93%E3%83%8B%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B9%E3%83%AA%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%82%AB%E5%AF%BA_DSCF1296.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/2015-03-16_Lumbini%EF%BC%88Sri_Lanka_temple%EF%BC%89%E3%83%AB%E3%83%B3%E3%83%93%E3%83%8B%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B9%E3%83%AA%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%82%AB%E5%AF%BA_DSCF1296.jpg/225px-2015-03-16_Lumbini%EF%BC%88Sri_Lanka_temple%EF%BC%89%E3%83%AB%E3%83%B3%E3%83%93%E3%83%8B%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B9%E3%83%AA%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%82%AB%E5%AF%BA_DSCF1296.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/2015-03-16_Lumbini%EF%BC%88Sri_Lanka_temple%EF%BC%89%E3%83%AB%E3%83%B3%E3%83%93%E3%83%8B%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B9%E3%83%AA%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%82%AB%E5%AF%BA_DSCF1296.jpg/300px-2015-03-16_Lumbini%EF%BC%88Sri_Lanka_temple%EF%BC%89%E3%83%AB%E3%83%B3%E3%83%93%E3%83%8B%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B9%E3%83%AA%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%82%AB%E5%AF%BA_DSCF1296.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2304" data-file-height="1536" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Sri Lankan Temple</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px; height: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Stupa_in_Lumbini.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="South Korean Temple"><img alt="South Korean Temple" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Stupa_in_Lumbini.jpg/150px-Stupa_in_Lumbini.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Stupa_in_Lumbini.jpg/225px-Stupa_in_Lumbini.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Stupa_in_Lumbini.jpg/300px-Stupa_in_Lumbini.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">South Korean Temple</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px; height: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:2015-03-16_Lumbini%EF%BC%88Cambodian_Monastery%EF%BC%89%E3%83%AB%E3%83%B3%E3%83%93%E3%83%8B%E3%83%BB%E3%82%AB%E3%83%B3%E3%83%9C%E3%82%B8%E3%82%A2%E5%AF%BA_DSCF1438.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Cambodian Monastery"><img alt="Cambodian Monastery" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/2015-03-16_Lumbini%EF%BC%88Cambodian_Monastery%EF%BC%89%E3%83%AB%E3%83%B3%E3%83%93%E3%83%8B%E3%83%BB%E3%82%AB%E3%83%B3%E3%83%9C%E3%82%B8%E3%82%A2%E5%AF%BA_DSCF1438.jpg/150px-2015-03-16_Lumbini%EF%BC%88Cambodian_Monastery%EF%BC%89%E3%83%AB%E3%83%B3%E3%83%93%E3%83%8B%E3%83%BB%E3%82%AB%E3%83%B3%E3%83%9C%E3%82%B8%E3%82%A2%E5%AF%BA_DSCF1438.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/2015-03-16_Lumbini%EF%BC%88Cambodian_Monastery%EF%BC%89%E3%83%AB%E3%83%B3%E3%83%93%E3%83%8B%E3%83%BB%E3%82%AB%E3%83%B3%E3%83%9C%E3%82%B8%E3%82%A2%E5%AF%BA_DSCF1438.jpg/225px-2015-03-16_Lumbini%EF%BC%88Cambodian_Monastery%EF%BC%89%E3%83%AB%E3%83%B3%E3%83%93%E3%83%8B%E3%83%BB%E3%82%AB%E3%83%B3%E3%83%9C%E3%82%B8%E3%82%A2%E5%AF%BA_DSCF1438.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/2015-03-16_Lumbini%EF%BC%88Cambodian_Monastery%EF%BC%89%E3%83%AB%E3%83%B3%E3%83%93%E3%83%8B%E3%83%BB%E3%82%AB%E3%83%B3%E3%83%9C%E3%82%B8%E3%82%A2%E5%AF%BA_DSCF1438.jpg/300px-2015-03-16_Lumbini%EF%BC%88Cambodian_Monastery%EF%BC%89%E3%83%AB%E3%83%B3%E3%83%93%E3%83%8B%E3%83%BB%E3%82%AB%E3%83%B3%E3%83%9C%E3%82%B8%E3%82%A2%E5%AF%BA_DSCF1438.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2304" data-file-height="1536" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Cambodian Monastery</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px; height: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Austrian_monastery_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Austrian Monastery"><img alt="Austrian Monastery" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Austrian_monastery_2.jpg/150px-Austrian_monastery_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Austrian_monastery_2.jpg/225px-Austrian_monastery_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Austrian_monastery_2.jpg/300px-Austrian_monastery_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="8256" data-file-height="5504" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Austrian Monastery</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px; height: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Singapore_monstery.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Singapore Monastery"><img alt="Singapore Monastery" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Singapore_monstery.jpg/150px-Singapore_monstery.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Singapore_monstery.jpg/225px-Singapore_monstery.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Singapore_monstery.jpg/300px-Singapore_monstery.jpg 2x" data-file-width="8256" data-file-height="5504" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Singapore Monastery</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px; height: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Temple_By_Canada.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Canadian Temple"><img alt="Canadian Temple" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Temple_By_Canada.jpg/150px-Temple_By_Canada.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Temple_By_Canada.jpg/225px-Temple_By_Canada.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Temple_By_Canada.jpg/300px-Temple_By_Canada.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Canadian Temple</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px; height: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Vietnamese_Temple_(Phat_Quoc_Tu)_in_Lumbini,_Nepal_2019-04-09.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vietnamese Temple"><img alt="Vietnamese Temple" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Vietnamese_Temple_%28Phat_Quoc_Tu%29_in_Lumbini%2C_Nepal_2019-04-09.jpg/150px-Vietnamese_Temple_%28Phat_Quoc_Tu%29_in_Lumbini%2C_Nepal_2019-04-09.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Vietnamese_Temple_%28Phat_Quoc_Tu%29_in_Lumbini%2C_Nepal_2019-04-09.jpg/225px-Vietnamese_Temple_%28Phat_Quoc_Tu%29_in_Lumbini%2C_Nepal_2019-04-09.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Vietnamese_Temple_%28Phat_Quoc_Tu%29_in_Lumbini%2C_Nepal_2019-04-09.jpg/300px-Vietnamese_Temple_%28Phat_Quoc_Tu%29_in_Lumbini%2C_Nepal_2019-04-09.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5549" data-file-height="3699" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Vietnamese Temple</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px; height: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Urgen_Dorjee_Choling_Buddhist_Centre,_Lumbini,_Nepal.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Urgen Dorjee Choling Centre"><img alt="Urgen Dorjee Choling Centre" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Urgen_Dorjee_Choling_Buddhist_Centre%2C_Lumbini%2C_Nepal.jpg/150px-Urgen_Dorjee_Choling_Buddhist_Centre%2C_Lumbini%2C_Nepal.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Urgen_Dorjee_Choling_Buddhist_Centre%2C_Lumbini%2C_Nepal.jpg/225px-Urgen_Dorjee_Choling_Buddhist_Centre%2C_Lumbini%2C_Nepal.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Urgen_Dorjee_Choling_Buddhist_Centre%2C_Lumbini%2C_Nepal.jpg/300px-Urgen_Dorjee_Choling_Buddhist_Centre%2C_Lumbini%2C_Nepal.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5882" data-file-height="3921" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Urgen Dorjee Choling Centre</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px; height: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Golden_Temple_in_Lumbini.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Golden Temple of Myanmar"><img alt="Golden Temple of Myanmar" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/The_Golden_Temple_in_Lumbini.jpg/150px-The_Golden_Temple_in_Lumbini.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="91" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/The_Golden_Temple_in_Lumbini.jpg/225px-The_Golden_Temple_in_Lumbini.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/The_Golden_Temple_in_Lumbini.jpg/300px-The_Golden_Temple_in_Lumbini.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2864" data-file-height="1746" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Golden Temple of Myanmar</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px; height: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Construction_of_%22Russian%22_Buddhist_Monestery_at_Lumbini_the_birthplace_of_the_Lord_Buddha.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Russian Monastery (under construction, April 2024)"><img alt="Russian Monastery (under construction, April 2024)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Construction_of_%22Russian%22_Buddhist_Monestery_at_Lumbini_the_birthplace_of_the_Lord_Buddha.jpg/150px-Construction_of_%22Russian%22_Buddhist_Monestery_at_Lumbini_the_birthplace_of_the_Lord_Buddha.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Construction_of_%22Russian%22_Buddhist_Monestery_at_Lumbini_the_birthplace_of_the_Lord_Buddha.jpg/225px-Construction_of_%22Russian%22_Buddhist_Monestery_at_Lumbini_the_birthplace_of_the_Lord_Buddha.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Construction_of_%22Russian%22_Buddhist_Monestery_at_Lumbini_the_birthplace_of_the_Lord_Buddha.jpg/300px-Construction_of_%22Russian%22_Buddhist_Monestery_at_Lumbini_the_birthplace_of_the_Lord_Buddha.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3888" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Russian Monastery (under construction, April 2024)</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Excavation_at_the_Mayadevi_Temple_in_2013">Excavation at the Mayadevi Temple in 2013</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lumbini&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Excavation at the Mayadevi Temple in 2013"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>New excavations in the Mayadevi temple in Lumbini in 2013 revealed a series of the most ancient Buddhist shrines in <a href="/wiki/South_Asia" title="South Asia">South Asia</a> extending the history of the site to a much earlier date.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to <a href="/wiki/Robin_Coningham" title="Robin Coningham">Robin Coningham</a>, excavations beneath existing brick structures at the Mayadevi Temple at Lumbini provide evidence for an older timber structure beneath the walls of a brick Buddhist shrine built during the Ashokan era (3rd-century BCE). The layout of the Ashokan shrine closely follows that of the earlier timber structure, which suggests a continuity of worship at the site. The pre-Mauryan timber structure appears to be an ancient tree shrine. Radiocarbon dating of charcoal from the wooden postholes and optically stimulated luminescence dating of elements in the soil suggests human activity began at Lumbini around 1000 BCE.<sup id="cite_ref-Coningham2013_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Coningham2013-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The site, states Coningham, may be a Buddhist monument from 6th-century BCE. Other scholars state that the excavations revealed nothing that is Buddhist, and they only confirm that the site predates the Buddha.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Fogelin2015_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fogelin2015-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Religious_significance">Religious significance</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lumbini&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Religious significance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Before <a href="/wiki/Parinirvana" title="Parinirvana">parinirvana</a> at the age of eighty, <a href="/wiki/Gautama_Buddha" class="mw-redirect" title="Gautama Buddha">Gautama Buddha</a> gave a sermon to his disciples on the significance of Lumbini as a place of pilgrimage (Dīghanikāya, 16; <a href="/wiki/Mah%C4%81parinibb%C4%81%E1%B9%87a_Sutta" class="mw-redirect" title="Mahāparinibbāṇa Sutta">Mahāparinibbāṇa Sutta</a>):<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>There are, O monks, four places on earth which a believing householder's son or a believing householder's daughter should commemorate as long as they live. Which are those four? –here the Venerable One has been born –here the Venerable One has attained the unsurpassable complete enlightenment –here the Venerable One has turned the threefold-turning, twelve-spoked lawful wheel – here the Venerable One has gone to the realm of complete nirvāṇa.</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite><a href="/wiki/D%C4%ABgha_Nik%C4%81ya" title="Dīgha Nikāya">Dīgha Nikāya</a>, 16; <a href="/wiki/Mah%C4%81parinibb%C4%81%E1%B9%87a_Sutta" class="mw-redirect" title="Mahāparinibbāṇa Sutta">Mahāparinibbāṇa Sutta</a></cite></div></blockquote> <p>Along with Lumbini which is the <a href="/wiki/Gautama_Buddha" class="mw-redirect" title="Gautama Buddha">Buddha</a>'s place of birth; <a href="/wiki/Bodh_Gaya" title="Bodh Gaya">Bodh Gaya</a> where he attained <a href="/wiki/Enlightenment_in_Buddhism" title="Enlightenment in Buddhism">enlightenment</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sarnath" title="Sarnath">Sarnath</a> where he gave his first sermon and <a href="/wiki/Kushinagar" title="Kushinagar">Kushinagar</a> where he attained <a href="/wiki/Parinirvana" title="Parinirvana">parinirvana</a> are four most significant pilgrimage sites in <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a>. These four places form a pilgrimage circuit along <a href="/wiki/Buddhist_Pilgrimage" class="mw-redirect" title="Buddhist Pilgrimage">Buddha's Holy Sites</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_developments">Other developments</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lumbini&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Other developments"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Antonio_Guterres_speech_in_Lumbini,_2023.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Antonio_Guterres_speech_in_Lumbini%2C_2023.jpg/223px-Antonio_Guterres_speech_in_Lumbini%2C_2023.jpg" decoding="async" width="223" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Antonio_Guterres_speech_in_Lumbini%2C_2023.jpg/335px-Antonio_Guterres_speech_in_Lumbini%2C_2023.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Antonio_Guterres_speech_in_Lumbini%2C_2023.jpg/446px-Antonio_Guterres_speech_in_Lumbini%2C_2023.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1276" data-file-height="760" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Ant%C3%B3nio_Guterres" title="António Guterres">António Guterres</a>, <a href="/wiki/Secretary-general_of_the_United_Nations" class="mw-redirect" title="Secretary-general of the United Nations">secretary-general of the United Nations</a> speaking in Lumbini on his Nepal visit (2023)</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:PM_in_a_Bilateral_Meeting_with_the_Prime_Minister_of_Nepal,_Mr._Sher_Bahadur_Deuba,_in_Lumbini,_Nepal_on_May_16,_2022.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/PM_in_a_Bilateral_Meeting_with_the_Prime_Minister_of_Nepal%2C_Mr._Sher_Bahadur_Deuba%2C_in_Lumbini%2C_Nepal_on_May_16%2C_2022.jpg/224px-PM_in_a_Bilateral_Meeting_with_the_Prime_Minister_of_Nepal%2C_Mr._Sher_Bahadur_Deuba%2C_in_Lumbini%2C_Nepal_on_May_16%2C_2022.jpg" decoding="async" width="224" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/PM_in_a_Bilateral_Meeting_with_the_Prime_Minister_of_Nepal%2C_Mr._Sher_Bahadur_Deuba%2C_in_Lumbini%2C_Nepal_on_May_16%2C_2022.jpg/336px-PM_in_a_Bilateral_Meeting_with_the_Prime_Minister_of_Nepal%2C_Mr._Sher_Bahadur_Deuba%2C_in_Lumbini%2C_Nepal_on_May_16%2C_2022.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/PM_in_a_Bilateral_Meeting_with_the_Prime_Minister_of_Nepal%2C_Mr._Sher_Bahadur_Deuba%2C_in_Lumbini%2C_Nepal_on_May_16%2C_2022.jpg/448px-PM_in_a_Bilateral_Meeting_with_the_Prime_Minister_of_Nepal%2C_Mr._Sher_Bahadur_Deuba%2C_in_Lumbini%2C_Nepal_on_May_16%2C_2022.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2200" data-file-height="1565" /></a><figcaption>Prime Minister of Nepal <a href="/wiki/Sher_Bahadur_Deuba" title="Sher Bahadur Deuba">Sher Bahadur Deuba</a> with Indian Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Narendra_Modi" title="Narendra Modi">Narendra Modi</a> at Lumbini on <a href="/wiki/Buddha%27s_Birthday" title="Buddha's Birthday">Buddha Purnima</a> </figcaption></figure> <p>Nepal's central bank has introduced a 100-rupee Nepali note featuring Lumbini, the birthplace of <a href="/wiki/Buddha" class="mw-redirect" title="Buddha">Buddha</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Nepal_Rastra_Bank" title="Nepal Rastra Bank">Nepal Rastra Bank</a> said the new note would be accessible only during the <a href="/wiki/Dashain" title="Dashain">Dashain</a>, Nepal's major festival in the time of September/October. It displays the portrait of Mayadevi, Gautam Buddha's mother in silver metallic on the front. The note also has a black dot which would help the blind recognise the note. The name of the central bank in Latin script would be printed on the note along with the date of printing in both the Christian Era and the <a href="/wiki/Bikram_Sambat" class="mw-redirect" title="Bikram Sambat">Bikram Era</a>. The new note is being issued following a cabinet decision 27 August.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Nipponzan_Myohoji" class="mw-redirect" title="Nipponzan Myohoji">Nipponzan Myohoji</a> decided to build a <a href="/wiki/Peace_Pagoda" title="Peace Pagoda">Peace Pagoda</a> in the park in 2001, which is visited by many different cultures and religions every day. Because some <a href="/wiki/Hindus" title="Hindus">Hindus</a> regard the Buddha as an incarnation of <a href="/wiki/Vishnu" title="Vishnu">Vishnu</a>, thousands of Hindus have begun to come here on pilgrimage during the full moon of the Nepali month of Baisakh (April–May) to worship <a href="/wiki/Maya_(mother_of_Buddha)" class="mw-redirect" title="Maya (mother of Buddha)">Queen Mayadevi</a> as Rupa Devi, the mother goddess of Lumbini. Lumbini was granted <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">World Heritage</a> status by <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a> in 1997.<sup id="cite_ref-UNESC01997_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UNESC01997-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-UNESCO2014_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UNESCO2014-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2011, Lumbini Development National Director Committee wad formed under the leadership of Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Pushpa_Kamal_Dahal" title="Pushpa Kamal Dahal">Prachanda</a>.The committee was given the authority to "draft a master plan to develop Lumbini as a peaceful and tourism area and table the proposal" and the responsibility to gather international support for the same.<sup id="cite_ref-ekantipur1_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ekantipur1-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2022 on <a href="/wiki/Buddha%27s_Birthday" title="Buddha's Birthday">Buddha's Birthday</a>, Indian Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Narendra_Modi" title="Narendra Modi">Narendra Modi</a> and Nepalese Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Sher_Bahadur_Deuba" title="Sher Bahadur Deuba">Sher Bahadur Deuba</a>, jointly laid the foundation stone for the Indian monastery in Lumbini.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nepal-India cultural events are held annually in Lumbini highlighting the close spiritual and cultural connection between the two countries.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Ant%C3%B3nio_Guterres" title="António Guterres">António Guterres</a>, <a href="/wiki/Secretary-general_of_the_United_Nations" class="mw-redirect" title="Secretary-general of the United Nations">secretary-general of the United Nations</a> made a visit to Lumbini in the October of 2023 and "urged everyone to reflect on the core teachings of Buddhism and their relevance in today’s troubled world ", highlighting conflicts around the world from Middle East to Ukraine to Africa, undermining of global rules and their devastating impacts on ordinary people, especially women and children.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tourism">Tourism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lumbini&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Tourism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2019, Lumbini received 1.5 million visitors from across the world.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Transport">Transport</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lumbini&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Transport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Lumbini is a 10-hour drive from <a href="/wiki/Kathmandu" title="Kathmandu">Kathmandu</a> and a 30-minute drive from <a href="/wiki/Bhairahawa" class="mw-redirect" title="Bhairahawa">Bhairahawa</a>. The closest airport is <a href="/wiki/Gautam_Buddha_Airport" title="Gautam Buddha Airport">Gautam Buddha Airport</a> at Bhairahawa, with flights to and from Kathmandu.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Places_to_visit">Places to visit</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lumbini&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Places to visit"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maya_Devi_Temple,_Lumbini" title="Maya Devi Temple, Lumbini">Maya Devi Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Peace_Pagoda,_Lumbini" title="World Peace Pagoda, Lumbini">World Peace Pagoda, Lumbini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lumbini_pillar_inscription" title="Lumbini pillar inscription">Ashoka Pillar of Lumbini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lumbini_Crane_Sanctuary" title="Lumbini Crane Sanctuary">Lumbini Crane Sanctuary</a><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="New_hotel_construction">New hotel construction</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lumbini&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: New hotel construction"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The nearest airport to Lumbini, Gautam Buddha Airport in Bhairahawa, is currently<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Words_to_watch#Relative_time_references" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Words to watch"><span title="Clarify the applicable timeframe so that it is unambiguous when read at a later date. (October 2024)">timeframe?</span></a></i>]</sup> undergoing expansion. This small domestic airport is soon expected to become an international airport, with latest deadline set for 2019. The airport expansion attracted investors and hoteliers, and a series of new hotels are being constructed in and around Lumbini, hoping to cash in on the expected international tourist boom once the airport expansion work is completed.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sister_cities">Sister cities</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lumbini&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Sister cities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Lumbini has four official <a href="/wiki/Twin_towns_and_sister_cities" class="mw-redirect" title="Twin towns and sister cities">sister cities</a>: </p> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/India" title="India"><img alt="India" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Kushinagar" title="Kushinagar">Kushinagar</a>, India (2022)<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/India" title="India"><img alt="India" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Bodh_Gaya" title="Bodh Gaya">Bodh Gaya</a>, India<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain"><img alt="Spain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/C%C3%A1ceres,_Spain" title="Cáceres, Spain">Cáceres</a>, Spain<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan"><img alt="Japan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/K%C5%8Dya,_Wakayama" title="Kōya, Wakayama">Kōya</a>, Japan<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lumbini&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bodh_Gaya" title="Bodh Gaya">Bodh Gaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarnath" title="Sarnath">Sarnath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kushinagar" title="Kushinagar">Kushinagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maya_Devi_Temple,_Lumbini" title="Maya Devi Temple, Lumbini">Maya Devi Temple, Lumbini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lumbini_Buddhist_University" title="Lumbini Buddhist University">Lumbini Buddhist University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lumbini_Development_Trust" title="Lumbini Development Trust">Lumbini Development Trust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lumbini_pillar_inscription" title="Lumbini pillar inscription">Lumbini pillar inscription</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pillars_of_Ashoka" title="Pillars of Ashoka">Pillars of Ashoka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramagrama_stupa" title="Ramagrama stupa">Ramagrama stupa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kindo_Baha" title="Kindo Baha">Kindo Baha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pranidhipurna_Mahavihar" title="Pranidhipurna Mahavihar">Pranidhipurna Mahavihar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajgir" title="Rajgir">Rajgir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Peace_Pagoda,_Lumbini" title="World Peace Pagoda, Lumbini">World Peace Pagoda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_stupas_in_Nepal" title="List of stupas in Nepal">List of stupas in Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_monasteries_in_Nepal" title="List of monasteries in Nepal">List of Buddhist monasteries in Nepal</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lumbini&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-lumbini_location-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-lumbini_location_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Buddhist scriptures and travel accounts of Chinese monks, Faxian and Xuanzang, describe relative location of cities Lumbini, Sravasti, Kapilavastu and Rajgir. Based on these data, recent work <sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> has used geometrical methods to pin-point the location of Lumbini. The results indicate that Kapilavastu and Lumbini were located to the south of Rajgir. Out of two historical Kosala's, <a href="/wiki/Dakshina_Kosala" title="Dakshina Kosala">South Koshala</a> was located to the south of Rajgir. The results reject <a href="/wiki/Kosala" class="mw-redirect" title="Kosala">North Kosala</a> as Gautama Buddha's native country.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-translations-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-translations_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Several alternative translations have been published.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Joshua Mark, "World History Encyclopaedia", 2020: <i>The dates of the Buddha['s life] have been derived from various chronologies which all recognize that Siddhartha Gautama lived for 80 years but disagree on the dates those 80 years encompass. The chronologies are:</i> 1.) Sri Lanka's Long Chronology: c.624 - c.544 BCE (The Convention) 2.) Alternative Long Chronology: c.567 - c.487 BCE 3.) India's Short Chronology: c.448 - c.368 BCE 4.) Contemporary Chronology: c.563 - c.483 BCE</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lumbini&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Huu_Phuoc_p.269-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Huu_Phuoc_p.269_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Huu_Phuoc_p.269_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Le Huu Phuoc, Buddhist Architecture, p.269</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-UNESC01997-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-UNESC01997_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-UNESC01997_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-UNESC01997_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFCentre" class="citation web cs1">Centre, UNESCO World Heritage. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://whc.unesco.org/en/news/180/">"World Heritage Committee Inscribes 46 New Sites on World Heritage List"</a>. <i>UNESCO World Heritage Centre</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UNESCO+World+Heritage+Centre&rft.atitle=World+Heritage+Committee+Inscribes+46+New+Sites+on+World+Heritage+List&rft.aulast=Centre&rft.aufirst=UNESCO+World+Heritage&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwhc.unesco.org%2Fen%2Fnews%2F180%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALumbini" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-UNESCO2014-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-UNESCO2014_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-UNESCO2014_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-UNESCO2014_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/666">"Lumbini, the Birthplace of the Lord Buddha"</a>. UNESCO<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 March</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lumbini%2C+the+Birthplace+of+the+Lord+Buddha&rft.pub=UNESCO&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwhc.unesco.org%2Fen%2Flist%2F666&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALumbini" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/666/">"Lumbini, the Birthplace of the Lord Buddha – UNESCO World Heritage Centre"</a>. Whc.unesco.org<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 August</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lumbini%2C+the+Birthplace+of+the+Lord+Buddha+%E2%80%93+UNESCO+World+Heritage+Centre&rft.pub=Whc.unesco.org&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwhc.unesco.org%2Fen%2Flist%2F666%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALumbini" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"Gautama Buddha (B.C. 623-543)" by T.W. 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Cousins">Cousins, LS</a> (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101220043745/http://indology.info/papers/cousins/">"The Dating of the Historical Buddha: A Review Article"</a>. <i>Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society</i>. <b>6</b> (1): 57–63. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2Fs1356186300014760">10.1017/s1356186300014760</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/25183119">25183119</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:162929573">162929573</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://indology.info/papers/cousins/">the original</a> on 20 December 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Royal+Asiatic+Society&rft.atitle=The+Dating+of+the+Historical+Buddha%3A+A+Review+Article&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=57-63&rft.date=1996&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A162929573%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F25183119%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2Fs1356186300014760&rft.aulast=Cousins&rft.aufirst=LS&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Findology.info%2Fpapers%2Fcousins%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALumbini" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchumann2003" class="citation book cs1">Schumann, Hans Wolfgang (2003). <i>The Historical Buddha: The Times, Life, and Teachings of the Founder of Buddhism</i>. Motilal Banarsidass Press. pp. 10–13. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/8120818172" title="Special:BookSources/8120818172"><bdi>8120818172</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Historical+Buddha%3A+The+Times%2C+Life%2C+and+Teachings+of+the+Founder+of+Buddhism&rft.pages=10-13&rft.pub=Motilal+Banarsidass+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=8120818172&rft.aulast=Schumann&rft.aufirst=Hans+Wolfgang&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALumbini" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"The Eight Great Sacred Sites", <i>Nekhor: Circling the Sacred</i>, Samye Translations.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lumbinidevtrust.gov.np/en/lumbini/content/19">"Birthplace of Buddha, Historical Place of Nepal, The World Heritage SiteLumbini Development Trust"</a>. <i>lumbinidevtrust.gov.np</i>. 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Lumbini Development Trust. 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 September</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=lumbini.planetwebnepal.com&rft.atitle=Ramagrama-Devadaha&rft.date=2013&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flumbini.planetwebnepal.com%2F%3Fpage_id%3D475&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALumbini" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFViolatti2013" class="citation web cs1">Violatti, Cristian (12 December 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160814122252/http://www.ancient.eu/Kapilavastu/">"Kapilavastu"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/World_History_Encyclopedia" title="World History Encyclopedia">World History Encyclopedia</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldhistory.org/Kapilavastu/">the original</a> on 14 August 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 September</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=World+History+Encyclopedia&rft.atitle=Kapilavastu&rft.date=2013-12-12&rft.aulast=Violatti&rft.aufirst=Cristian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldhistory.org%2FKapilavastu%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALumbini" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">J.i.52, 54; Kvu.97, 559; AA.i.10; MA.ii.924; BuA.227; Cv.li.10, etc.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sen-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Sen_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSen2008" class="citation book cs1">Sen, A. C. (2008). <i>Buddhist shrines in India</i>. Kolkota: Maha Bodhi Book Agency. p. 24. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-87032-78-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-87032-78-6"><bdi>978-81-87032-78-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Buddhist+shrines+in+India&rft.place=Kolkota&rft.pages=24&rft.pub=Maha+Bodhi+Book+Agency&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-81-87032-78-6&rft.aulast=Sen&rft.aufirst=A.+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALumbini" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-See_Mukerji_p._27-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-See_Mukerji_p._27_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See Mukerji: Asoka, p. 27; see p. 201f for details.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Paranavitana, S. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 August</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lumbini&rft.pub=Welcome+Nepal&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwelcomenepal.com%2Fpromotional%2Ftourist-destination%2Flumbini%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALumbini" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.buddha-statues.info/">"Things to do in Lumbini - birthplace of Buddha | Buddha Statues"</a>. <i>www.buddha-statues.info</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.buddha-statues.info&rft.atitle=Things+to+do+in+Lumbini+-+birthplace+of+Buddha+%26%23124%3B+Buddha+Statues&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.buddha-statues.info%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALumbini" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kathmandupost.ekantipur.com/news/2018-04-12/airport-construction-triggers-hotel-boom-in-rupandehi.html">"Airport construction triggers hotel boom in Rupandehi"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 July</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Airport+construction+triggers+hotel+boom+in+Rupandehi&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fkathmandupost.ekantipur.com%2Fnews%2F2018-04-12%2Fairport-construction-triggers-hotel-boom-in-rupandehi.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALumbini" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zeenews.india.com/india/india-nepal-agree-to-establish-sister-city-relations-between-lumbini-and-kushinagar-check-details-of-mous-signed-today-2464090.html">"India-Nepal agree to establish sister-city relations between Lumbini and Kushinagar; check details of MoUs signed today"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=India-Nepal+agree+to+establish+sister-city+relations+between+Lumbini+and+Kushinagar%3B+check+details+of+MoUs+signed+today&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fzeenews.india.com%2Findia%2Findia-nepal-agree-to-establish-sister-city-relations-between-lumbini-and-kushinagar-check-details-of-mous-signed-today-2464090.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALumbini" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mea.gov.in/media-advisory.htm?dtl/24322/Outcomes+during+the+visit+of+Prime+Minister+to+Nepal+November+2527+2014">"MoU on Twinning arrangements between Kathmandu-Varanasi, Janakpur-Ayodhya and Lumbini-Bodh Gaya as sister cities"</a>. <i>mea.gov.in</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 March</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=mea.gov.in&rft.atitle=MoU+on+Twinning+arrangements+between+Kathmandu-Varanasi%2C+Janakpur-Ayodhya+and+Lumbini-Bodh+Gaya+as+sister+cities&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmea.gov.in%2Fmedia-advisory.htm%3Fdtl%2F24322%2FOutcomes%2Bduring%2Bthe%2Bvisit%2Bof%2BPrime%2BMinister%2Bto%2BNepal%2BNovember%2B2527%2B2014&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALumbini" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ayto-caceres.es/noticias/caceres-y-lumbini-rubrican-su-hermanamiento-en-un-dia-historico/">"CÁCERES Y LUMBINI RUBRICAN SU HERMANAMIENTO EN UN 'DÍA HISTÓRICO'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. 8 April 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 April</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=C%C3%81CERES+Y+LUMBINI+RUBRICAN+SU+HERMANAMIENTO+EN+UN+%27D%C3%8DA+HIST%C3%93RICO%27&rft.date=2021-04-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ayto-caceres.es%2Fnoticias%2Fcaceres-y-lumbini-rubrican-su-hermanamiento-en-un-dia-historico%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALumbini" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lumbinidevtrust.gov.np/en/home/news/details/51">"Lumbini Development Trust- Birthplace of Buddha, Historical Place of Nepal, The World Heritage SiteLumbini Development Trust"</a>. <i>lumbinidevtrust.gov.np</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 July</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=lumbinidevtrust.gov.np&rft.atitle=Lumbini+Development+Trust-+Birthplace+of+Buddha%2C+Historical+Place+of+Nepal%2C+The+World+Heritage+SiteLumbini+Development+Trust&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flumbinidevtrust.gov.np%2Fen%2Fhome%2Fnews%2Fdetails%2F51&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALumbini" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lumbini&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000220846"><i>Lumbini - The birthplace of Lord Buddha in Nepal. Completing the Kenzo Tange master Plan</i></a>. UNESCO.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lumbini+-+The+birthplace+of+Lord+Buddha+in+Nepal.+Completing+the+Kenzo+Tange+master+Plan.&rft.pub=UNESCO&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Funesdoc.unesco.org%2Fark%3A%2F48223%2Fpf0000220846&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALumbini" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lumbini&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeise2013" class="citation cs2">Weise, Kai; et al. (2013), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140830011700/http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0022/002239/223986E.pdf"><i>The Sacred Garden of Lumbini – Perceptions of Buddha's Birthplace</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>, Paris: UNESCO, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0022/002239/223986E.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 30 August 2014</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Sacred+Garden+of+Lumbini+%E2%80%93+Perceptions+of+Buddha%27s+Birthplace&rft.place=Paris&rft.pub=UNESCO&rft.date=2013&rft.aulast=Weise&rft.aufirst=Kai&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Funesdoc.unesco.org%2Fimages%2F0022%2F002239%2F223986E.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALumbini" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lumbini&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output 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href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Lumbin%C4%AB" class="extiw" title="wikisource:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Lumbinī">Lumbinī</a></span>".</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150912072331/http://www.lumkap.org.uk/">Lumbini On Trial: The Untold Story</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/16px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/24px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/32px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></a></span> <a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Lumbini#Q9213" class="extiw" title="voy:Lumbini">Lumbini</a> travel guide from Wikivoyage</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dmoz.org/search?q=Lumbini">Lumbini at the Open Directory Project</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldheritagesite.org/list/Lumbini">Lumbini at WorldHeritageSite.org Listing</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output 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data-file-width="450" data-file-height="300" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background: #FFD068;"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Outline"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/10px-Global_thinking.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/15px-Global_thinking.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/21px-Global_thinking.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="130" data-file-height="200" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Buddhism" title="Outline of Buddhism">Outline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_Buddhism" title="Glossary of Buddhism">Glossary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Buddhism-related_articles" title="Index of Buddhism-related articles">Index</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FFD068;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Buddhism" title="Outline of Buddhism">Foundations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Four_Noble_Truths" title="Four Noble Truths">Four Noble Truths</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Refuge_in_Buddhism" title="Refuge in Buddhism">Three Jewels</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Buddha" title="The Buddha">Buddha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dharma" title="Dharma">Dharma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sangha" title="Sangha">Sangha</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noble_Eightfold_Path" title="Noble Eightfold Path">Noble Eightfold Path</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nirvana" title="Nirvana">Nirvana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_Way" title="Middle Way">Middle Way</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FFD068;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/The_Buddha" title="The Buddha">The Buddha</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tath%C4%81gata" title="Tathāgata">Tathāgata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddha%27s_Birthday" title="Buddha's Birthday">Birthday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_sights" title="Four sights">Four sights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Eight_Great_Events_in_the_Life_of_Buddha" title="The Eight Great Events in the Life of Buddha">Eight Great Events</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Renunciation" title="Great Renunciation">Great Renunciation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Physical_characteristics_of_the_Buddha" title="Physical characteristics of the Buddha">Physical characteristics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Life_of_Buddha_in_art" title="Life of Buddha in art">Life of Buddha in art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddha_footprint" title="Buddha footprint">Footprint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relics_associated_with_Buddha" title="Relics associated with Buddha">Relics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iconography_of_Gautama_Buddha_in_Laos_and_Thailand" title="Iconography of Gautama Buddha in Laos and Thailand">Iconography in Laos and Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Depictions_of_Gautama_Buddha_in_film" title="Depictions of Gautama Buddha in film">Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miracles_of_Gautama_Buddha" title="Miracles of Gautama Buddha">Miracles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Family_of_Gautama_Buddha" title="Family of Gautama Buddha">Family</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Auddhodana" title="Śuddhodana">Suddhodāna <small>(father)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maya_(mother_of_the_Buddha)" title="Maya (mother of the Buddha)">Māyā <small>(mother)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahapajapati_Gotami" title="Mahapajapati Gotami">Mahapajapati Gotamī<small> (aunt, adoptive mother)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ya%C5%9Bodhar%C4%81" title="Yaśodharā">Yaśodharā <small>(wife)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C4%81hula" title="Rāhula">Rāhula <small>(son)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%80nanda" title="Ānanda">Ānanda <small>(cousin)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devadatta" title="Devadatta">Devadatta <small>(cousin)</small></a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_places_where_Gautama_Buddha_stayed" title="List of places where Gautama Buddha stayed">Places where the Buddha stayed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gautama_Buddha_in_world_religions" title="Gautama Buddha in world religions">Buddha in world religions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FFD068;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bodhisattva" title="Bodhisattva">Bodhisattvas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Avalokite%C5%9Bvara" title="Avalokiteśvara">Avalokiteśvara</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guanyin" title="Guanyin">Guanyin</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manjushri" title="Manjushri">Mañjuśrī</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahasthamaprapta" title="Mahasthamaprapta">Mahāsthāmaprāpta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%80k%C4%81%C5%9Bagarbha" title="Ākāśagarbha">Ākāśagarbha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%E1%B9%A3itigarbha" title="Kṣitigarbha">Kṣitigarbha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samantabhadra_(Bodhisattva)" title="Samantabhadra (Bodhisattva)">Samantabhadra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vajrapani" title="Vajrapani">Vajrapāṇi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skanda_(Buddhism)" title="Skanda (Buddhism)">Skanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tara_(Buddhism)" title="Tara (Buddhism)">Tārā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maitreya" title="Maitreya">Metteyya/Maitreya</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FFD068;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Disciples_of_Gautama_Buddha" title="Category:Disciples of Gautama Buddha">Disciples</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kaundinya" title="Kaundinya">Kaundinya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assaji" title="Assaji">Assaji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9A%C4%81riputra" title="Śāriputra">Sāriputta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maudgalyayana" title="Maudgalyayana">Mahamoggallāna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%80nanda" title="Ānanda">Ānanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mah%C4%81k%C4%81%C5%9Byapa" title="Mahākāśyapa">Mahākassapa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A%E1%B9%85gulim%C4%81la" title="Aṅgulimāla">Aṅgulimāla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anuruddha" title="Anuruddha">Anuruddha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katyayana_(Buddhist)" title="Katyayana (Buddhist)">Mahākaccana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanda_(half-brother_of_Buddha)" title="Nanda (half-brother of Buddha)">Nanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subh%C5%ABti" title="Subhūti">Subhūti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pu%E1%B9%87%E1%B9%87a_Mant%C4%81n%C4%ABputta" title="Puṇṇa Mantānīputta">Puṇṇa Mantānīputta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Up%C4%81li" title="Upāli">Upāli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahapajapati_Gotami" title="Mahapajapati Gotami">Mahapajapati Gotamī</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khema" title="Khema">Khema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uppalavanna" title="Uppalavanna">Uppalavanna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asita" title="Asita">Asita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Channa_(Buddhist)" title="Channa (Buddhist)">Channa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yasa" title="Yasa">Yasa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FFD068;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_Buddhism" title="Glossary of Buddhism">Key concepts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Avidy%C4%81_(Buddhism)" title="Avidyā (Buddhism)">Avidyā (Ignorance)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bardo" title="Bardo">Bardo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bodhicitta" title="Bodhicitta">Bodhicitta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddha-nature" title="Buddha-nature">Buddha-nature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhamma_theory" class="mw-redirect" title="Dhamma theory">Dhamma theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dharma" title="Dharma">Dharma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enlightenment_in_Buddhism" title="Enlightenment in Buddhism">Enlightenment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Five_hindrances" title="Five hindrances">Five hindrances</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indriya" title="Indriya">Indriya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karma_in_Buddhism" title="Karma in Buddhism">Karma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kleshas_(Buddhism)" title="Kleshas (Buddhism)">Kleshas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mental_factors_(Buddhism)" title="Mental factors (Buddhism)">Mental factors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mindstream" title="Mindstream">Mindstream</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parinirvana" title="Parinirvana">Parinirvana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prat%C4%ABtyasamutp%C4%81da" title="Pratītyasamutpāda">Pratītyasamutpāda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rebirth_(Buddhism)" title="Rebirth (Buddhism)">Rebirth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sa%E1%B9%83s%C4%81ra_(Buddhism)" title="Saṃsāra (Buddhism)">Saṃsāra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sa%E1%B9%85kh%C4%81ra" title="Saṅkhāra">Saṅkhāra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skandha" title="Skandha">Skandha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9A%C5%ABnyat%C4%81" title="Śūnyatā">Śūnyatā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ta%E1%B9%87h%C4%81" title="Taṇhā">Taṇhā (Craving)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tath%C4%81t%C4%81" title="Tathātā">Tathātā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fetter_(Buddhism)" title="Fetter (Buddhism)">Ten Fetters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_marks_of_existence" title="Three marks of existence">Three marks of existence</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Impermanence_(Buddhism)" title="Impermanence (Buddhism)">Anicca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Du%E1%B8%A5kha" title="Duḥkha">Dukkha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anatt%C4%81" title="Anattā">Anattā</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Two_truths_doctrine" title="Two truths doctrine">Two truths doctrine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FFD068;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_cosmology" title="Buddhist cosmology">Cosmology</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ten_realms" title="Ten realms">Ten spiritual realms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Six_Paths" title="Six Paths">Six Paths</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deva_(Buddhism)" title="Deva (Buddhism)">Deva realm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_beings_in_Buddhism" title="Human beings in Buddhism">Human realm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asura_(Buddhism)" title="Asura (Buddhism)">Asura realm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Preta" title="Preta">Hungry Ghost realm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animals_in_Buddhism" title="Animals in Buddhism">Animal realm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naraka_(Buddhism)" title="Naraka (Buddhism)">Naraka</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trailokya" title="Trailokya">Three planes of existence</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FFD068;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Schools_of_Buddhism" title="Schools of Buddhism">Branches</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mahayana" title="Mahayana">Mahayana</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zen" title="Zen">Zen</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chan_Buddhism" title="Chan Buddhism">Chinese Chan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_Zen" title="Japanese Zen">Japanese Zen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_Seon" title="Korean Seon">Korean Seon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thi%E1%BB%81n" title="Thiền">Vietnamese Thiền</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pure_Land_Buddhism" title="Pure Land Buddhism">Pure Land</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiantai" title="Tiantai">Tiantai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huayan" title="Huayan">Huayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rissh%C5%AB_(Buddhism)" title="Risshū (Buddhism)">Risshū</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nichiren_Buddhism" title="Nichiren Buddhism">Nichiren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madhyamaka" title="Madhyamaka">Madhyamaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yogachara" title="Yogachara">Yogachara</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vajrayana" title="Vajrayana">Vajrayana</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_Buddhism" title="Tibetan Buddhism">Tibetan Buddhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Esoteric_Buddhism" title="Chinese Esoteric Buddhism">Chinese Esoteric Buddhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shingon_Buddhism" title="Shingon Buddhism">Shingon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dzogchen" title="Dzogchen">Dzogchen</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theravada" title="Theravada">Theravada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navayana" title="Navayana">Navayana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_Buddhist_schools" title="Early Buddhist schools">Early Buddhist schools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pre-sectarian_Buddhism" title="Pre-sectarian Buddhism">Pre-sectarian Buddhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basic_points_unifying_Therav%C4%81da_and_Mah%C4%81y%C4%81na" title="Basic points unifying Theravāda and Mahāyāna">Basic points unifying Theravāda and Mahāyāna</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FFD068;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Buddhist_practices" title="Category:Buddhist practices">Practices</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bhavana" title="Bhavana">Bhavana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bodhipakkhiy%C4%81dhamm%C4%81" title="Bodhipakkhiyādhammā">Bodhipakkhiyādhammā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brahmavihara" title="Brahmavihara">Brahmavihara</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maitr%C4%AB" title="Maitrī">Mettā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karu%E1%B9%87%C4%81" title="Karuṇā">Karuṇā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mudita" title="Mudita">Mudita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upek%E1%B9%A3%C4%81" title="Upekṣā">Upekkha</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddh%C4%81bhi%E1%B9%A3eka" title="Buddhābhiṣeka">Buddhābhiṣeka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C4%81na" title="Dāna">Dāna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_devotion" title="Buddhist devotion">Devotion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deity_yoga" title="Deity yoga">Deity yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhyana_in_Buddhism" title="Dhyana in Buddhism">Dhyāna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faith_in_Buddhism" title="Faith in Buddhism">Faith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Five_Strengths" title="Five Strengths">Five Strengths</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iddhipada" title="Iddhipada">Iddhipada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_meditation" title="Buddhist meditation">Meditation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mantra#Buddhism" title="Mantra">Mantras</a></li> <li><span title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit transliteration"><i lang="sa-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Kamma%E1%B9%AD%E1%B9%ADh%C4%81na" title="Kammaṭṭhāna">Kammaṭṭhāna</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anussati" title="Anussati">Recollection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simran" title="Simran">Smarana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anapanasati" title="Anapanasati">Anapanasati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samatha-vipassan%C4%81" title="Samatha-vipassanā">Samatha-vipassanā</a> (<a href="/wiki/Vipassana_movement" title="Vipassana movement">Vipassana movement</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shikantaza" title="Shikantaza">Shikantaza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zazen" title="Zazen">Zazen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tukdam" title="Tukdam">Tukdam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koan" title="Koan">Koan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganana" title="Ganana">Ganana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandala" title="Mandala">Mandala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonglen" title="Tonglen">Tonglen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tantra" title="Tantra">Tantra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tert%C3%B6n" title="Tertön">Tertön</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terma_(religion)" title="Terma (religion)">Terma</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merit_(Buddhism)" title="Merit (Buddhism)">Merit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mindfulness" title="Mindfulness">Mindfulness</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mindful_Yoga" title="Mindful Yoga">Mindful Yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satipatthana" title="Satipatthana">Satipatthana</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nekkhamma" title="Nekkhamma">Nekkhamma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nianfo" title="Nianfo">Nianfo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%C4%81ramit%C4%81" title="Pāramitā">Pāramitā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paritta" title="Paritta">Paritta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_devotion" title="Buddhist devotion">Puja</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Offering_(Buddhism)" title="Offering (Buddhism)">Offerings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prostration_(Buddhism)" title="Prostration (Buddhism)">Prostration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_music" title="Buddhist music">Music</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Refuge_in_Buddhism" title="Refuge in Buddhism">Refuge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C4%81dhu_(Pali_word)" title="Sādhu (Pali word)">Sādhu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satya" title="Satya">Satya</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sacca" title="Sacca">Sacca</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seven_Factors_of_Awakening" title="Seven Factors of Awakening">Seven Factors of Enlightenment</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sati_(Buddhism)" title="Sati (Buddhism)">Sati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhamma_vicaya" title="Dhamma vicaya">Dhamma vicaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%C4%ABti" title="Pīti">Pīti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passaddhi" title="Passaddhi">Passaddhi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_ethics" title="Buddhist ethics">Śīla</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Five_precepts" title="Five precepts">Five precepts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eight_precepts" title="Eight precepts">Eight precepts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bodhisattva_vow" title="Bodhisattva vow">Bodhisattva vow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pratimok%E1%B9%A3a" title="Pratimokṣa">Pratimokṣa</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Threefold_Training" title="Threefold Training">Threefold Training</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_ethics" title="Buddhist ethics">Śīla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samadhi" title="Samadhi">Samadhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Praj%C3%B1%C4%81_(Buddhism)" title="Prajñā (Buddhism)">Prajñā</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C4%ABrya" title="Vīrya">Vīrya</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Four_Right_Exertions" title="Four Right Exertions">Four Right Exertions</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twenty-two_vows_of_Ambedkar" title="Twenty-two vows of Ambedkar">Twenty-two vows of Ambedkar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FFD068;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nirvana" title="Nirvana">Nirvana</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Enlightenment_in_Buddhism" title="Enlightenment in Buddhism">Bodhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bodhisattva" title="Bodhisattva">Bodhisattva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhahood" title="Buddhahood">Buddhahood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pratyekabuddhay%C4%81na" title="Pratyekabuddhayāna">Pratyekabuddhayāna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_stages_of_awakening" title="Four stages of awakening">Four stages of awakening</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sot%C4%81panna" title="Sotāpanna">Sotāpanna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sakadagami" title="Sakadagami">Sakadagami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/An%C4%81g%C4%81mi" title="Anāgāmi">Anāgāmi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arhat" title="Arhat">Arhat</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FFD068;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_monasticism" title="Buddhist monasticism">Monasticism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bhikkhu" title="Bhikkhu">Bhikkhu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhikkhun%C4%AB" title="Bhikkhunī">Bhikkhunī</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samanera" title="Samanera">Śrāmaṇera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samanera" title="Samanera">Śrāmaṇerī</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anag%C4%81rika" title="Anagārika">Anagārika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ajahn" title="Ajahn">Ajahn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sayadaw" title="Sayadaw">Sayadaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zen_master" title="Zen master">Zen master</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C5%8Dshi" title="Rōshi">Rōshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lama" title="Lama">Lama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rinpoche" title="Rinpoche">Rinpoche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geshe" title="Geshe">Geshe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tulku" title="Tulku">Tulku</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Western_tulku" title="Western tulku">Western tulku</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kappiya" title="Kappiya">Kappiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donchee" title="Donchee">Donchee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Householder_(Buddhism)" title="Householder (Buddhism)">Householder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Up%C4%81saka_and_Up%C4%81sik%C4%81" class="mw-redirect" title="Upāsaka and Upāsikā">Upāsaka and Upāsikā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Achar_(Buddhism)" title="Achar (Buddhism)">Achar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Ar%C4%81vaka" title="Śrāvaka">Śrāvaka</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ten_principal_disciples" title="Ten principal disciples">Ten principal disciples</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaolin_Monastery" title="Shaolin Monastery">Shaolin Monastery</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FFD068;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Buddhists" title="List of Buddhists">Major figures</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Buddha" title="The Buddha">The Buddha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagasena" title="Nagasena">Nagasena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A%C5%9Bvagho%E1%B9%A3a" title="Aśvaghoṣa">Aśvaghoṣa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagarjuna" title="Nagarjuna">Nagarjuna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asanga" title="Asanga">Asanga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vasubandhu" title="Vasubandhu">Vasubandhu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kum%C4%81raj%C4%ABva" title="Kumārajīva">Kumārajīva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhaghosa" title="Buddhaghosa">Buddhaghosa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhap%C4%81lita" title="Buddhapālita">Buddhapālita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dign%C4%81ga" title="Dignāga">Dignāga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bodhidharma" title="Bodhidharma">Bodhidharma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhiyi" title="Zhiyi">Zhiyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Wen_of_Sui" title="Emperor Wen of Sui">Emperor Wen of Sui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Songtsen_Gampo" title="Songtsen Gampo">Songtsen Gampo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xuanzang" title="Xuanzang">Xuanzang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shandao" title="Shandao">Shandao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Padmasambhava" title="Padmasambhava">Padmasambhava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saraha" title="Saraha">Saraha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ati%C5%9Ba" title="Atiśa">Atiśa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naropa" title="Naropa">Naropa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karmapa" title="Karmapa">Karmapa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C5%8Dnen" title="Hōnen">Hōnen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shinran" title="Shinran">Shinran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C5%8Dgen" title="Dōgen">Dōgen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nichiren" title="Nichiren">Nichiren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shamarpa" title="Shamarpa">Shamarpa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dalai_Lama" title="Dalai Lama">Dalai Lama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panchen_Lama" title="Panchen Lama">Panchen Lama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ajahn_Mun" title="Ajahn Mun">Ajahn Mun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B._R._Ambedkar" title="B. R. Ambedkar">B. R. Ambedkar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ajahn_Chah" title="Ajahn Chah">Ajahn Chah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Th%C3%ADch_Nh%E1%BA%A5t_H%E1%BA%A1nh" title="Thích Nhất Hạnh">Thích Nhất Hạnh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FFD068;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_texts" title="Buddhist texts">Texts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Early_Buddhist_texts" title="Early Buddhist texts">Early Buddhist texts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tripi%E1%B9%ADaka" title="Tripiṭaka">Tripiṭaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahayana_sutras" title="Mahayana sutras">Mahayana sutras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pali_Canon" title="Pali Canon">Pali Canon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Buddhist_canon" title="Chinese Buddhist canon">Chinese Buddhist canon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_Buddhist_canon" title="Tibetan Buddhist canon">Tibetan Buddhist canon</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dhammapada" title="Dhammapada">Dhammapada</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sutra" title="Sutra">Sutra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vinaya" title="Vinaya">Vinaya</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Madhyamak%C4%81la%E1%B9%83k%C4%81ra" title="Madhyamakālaṃkāra">Madhyamakālaṃkāra</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abhidharmad%C4%ABpa" title="Abhidharmadīpa">Abhidharmadīpa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FFD068;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_by_country" title="Buddhism by country">Countries</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Afghanistan" title="Buddhism in Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Bangladesh" title="Buddhism in Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Bhutan" title="Buddhism in Bhutan">Bhutan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Cambodia" title="Buddhism in Cambodia">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_China" title="Buddhism in China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Buddhism_in_India" title="History of Buddhism in India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Indonesia" title="Buddhism in Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Japan" title="Buddhism in Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_Buddhism" title="Korean Buddhism">Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Laos" title="Buddhism in Laos">Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Malaysia" title="Buddhism in Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_the_Maldives" title="Buddhism in the Maldives">Maldives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Mongolia" title="Buddhism in Mongolia">Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Myanmar" title="Buddhism in Myanmar">Myanmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Nepal" title="Buddhism in Nepal">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Pakistan" title="Buddhism in Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_the_Philippines" title="Buddhism in the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Russia" title="Buddhism in Russia">Russia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Buryatia" title="Buddhism in Buryatia">Buryatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Kalmykia" title="Buddhism in Kalmykia">Kalmykia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Buddhism_in_Tuva&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Buddhism in Tuva (page does not exist)">Tuva</a> (<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC_%D0%B2_%D0%A2%D1%8B%D0%B2%D0%B5" class="extiw" title="ru:Буддизм в Тыве">ru</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Singapore" title="Buddhism in Singapore">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Sri_Lanka" title="Buddhism in Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Taiwan" title="Buddhism in Taiwan">Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Thailand" title="Buddhism in Thailand">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_Buddhism" title="Tibetan Buddhism">Tibet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Vietnam" title="Buddhism in Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Africa" title="Buddhism in Africa">Africa</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Senegal" title="Buddhism in Senegal">Senegal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_South_Africa" title="Buddhism in South Africa">South Africa</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Central_Asia" title="Buddhism in Central Asia">Central Asia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Uzbekistan" title="Buddhism in Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_the_Middle_East" title="Buddhism in the Middle East">Middle East</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Iran" title="Buddhism in Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Saudi_Arabia" title="Buddhism in Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_the_West" title="Buddhism in the West">Western countries</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Argentina" title="Buddhism in Argentina">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Australia" title="Buddhism in Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Brazil" title="Buddhism in Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Canada" title="Buddhism in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Costa_Rica" title="Buddhism in Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_the_Czech_Republic" title="Buddhism in the Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_France" title="Buddhism in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Germany" title="Buddhism in Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Italy" title="Buddhism in Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Mexico" title="Buddhism in Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_New_Zealand" title="Buddhism in New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Norway" title="Buddhism in Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Poland" title="Buddhism in Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Sweden" title="Buddhism in Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Switzerland" title="Buddhism in Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Ukraine" title="Buddhism in Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Buddhism in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_the_United_States" title="Buddhism in the United States">United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Venezuela" title="Buddhism in Venezuela">Venezuela</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FFD068;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Buddhism" title="History of Buddhism">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Buddhism" title="Timeline of Buddhism">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashoka" title="Ashoka">Ashoka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanishka" title="Kanishka">Kanishka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_councils" title="Buddhist councils">Buddhist councils</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Buddhism_in_India" title="History of Buddhism in India">History of Buddhism in India</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Decline_of_Buddhism_in_the_Indian_subcontinent" title="Decline of Buddhism in the Indian subcontinent">Decline of Buddhism in India</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huichang_persecution_of_Buddhism" title="Huichang persecution of Buddhism">Huichang persecution of Buddhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greco-Buddhism" title="Greco-Buddhism">Greco-Buddhism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Menander_I" title="Menander I">Menander I</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_and_the_Roman_world" title="Buddhism and the Roman world">Buddhism and the Roman world</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_the_West" title="Buddhism in the West">Buddhism in the West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silk_Road_transmission_of_Buddhism" title="Silk Road transmission of Buddhism">Silk Road transmission of Buddhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Buddhists" title="Persecution of Buddhists">Persecution of Buddhists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banishment_of_Buddhist_monks_from_Nepal" title="Banishment of Buddhist monks from Nepal">Banishment of Buddhist monks from Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_crisis" title="Buddhist crisis">Buddhist crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinhalese_Buddhist_nationalism" title="Sinhalese Buddhist nationalism">Sinhalese Buddhist nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_modernism" title="Buddhist modernism">Buddhist modernism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vipassana_movement" title="Vipassana movement">Vipassana movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/969_Movement" title="969 Movement">969 Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Buddhism" title="Women in Buddhism">Women in Buddhism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FFD068;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_philosophy" title="Buddhist philosophy">Philosophy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abhidharma" title="Abhidharma">Abhidharma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_atomism" title="Buddhist atomism">Atomism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_studies" title="Buddhist studies">Buddhology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creator_in_Buddhism" title="Creator in Buddhism">Creator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_and_democracy" title="Buddhism and democracy">Buddhism and democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_economics" title="Buddhist economics">Economics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eight_Consciousnesses" title="Eight Consciousnesses">Eight Consciousnesses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Engaged_Buddhism" title="Engaged Buddhism">Engaged Buddhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_eschatology" title="Buddhist eschatology">Eschatology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_ethics" title="Buddhist ethics">Ethics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_and_evolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Buddhism and evolution">Evolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humanistic_Buddhism" title="Humanistic Buddhism">Humanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_logico-epistemology" title="Buddhist logico-epistemology">Logic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reality_in_Buddhism" title="Reality in Buddhism">Reality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secular_Buddhism" title="Secular Buddhism">Secular Buddhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_socialism" title="Buddhist socialism">Socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_unanswerable_questions" title="The unanswerable questions">The unanswerable questions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FFD068;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Buddhism" title="Culture of Buddhism">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_architecture" title="Buddhist architecture">Architecture</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_temple" title="Buddhist temple">Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vih%C4%81ra" title="Vihāra">Vihāra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyaung" title="Kyaung">Kyaung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wat" title="Wat">Wat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ordination_hall" title="Ordination hall">Ordination hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stupa" title="Stupa">Stupa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pagoda" title="Pagoda">Pagoda</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Burmese_pagoda" title="Burmese pagoda">Burmese pagoda</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Candi_of_Indonesia" title="Candi of Indonesia">Candi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dzong_architecture" title="Dzong architecture">Dzong architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Buddhist_architecture_in_China" title="List of Buddhist architecture in China">List of Buddhist architecture in China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_Buddhist_architecture" title="Japanese Buddhist architecture">Japanese Buddhist architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_temples_in_Korea" title="Buddhist temples in Korea">Buddhist temples in Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thai_temple_art_and_architecture" title="Thai temple art and architecture">Thai temple art and architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_Buddhist_architecture" title="Tibetan Buddhist architecture">Tibetan Buddhist architecture</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_art" title="Buddhist art">Art</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greco-Buddhist_art" title="Greco-Buddhist art">Greco-Buddhist</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bodhi_Tree" title="Bodhi Tree">Bodhi Tree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Budai" title="Budai">Budai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddha_in_art" title="Buddha in art">Buddha in art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_calendar" title="Buddhist calendar">Calendar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_cuisine" title="Buddhist cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_funeral" title="Buddhist funeral">Funeral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_holidays" title="Buddhist holidays">Holidays</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vesak" title="Vesak">Vesak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uposatha" title="Uposatha">Uposatha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81gha_P%C5%ABj%C4%81" title="Māgha Pūjā">Māgha Pūjā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asalha_Puja" title="Asalha Puja">Asalha Puja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vassa" title="Vassa">Vassa</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaya_Sri_Maha_Bodhi" title="Jaya Sri Maha Bodhi">Jaya Sri Maha Bodhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kasaya_(clothing)" title="Kasaya (clothing)">Kasaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahabodhi_Temple" title="Mahabodhi Temple">Mahabodhi Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mantra" title="Mantra">Mantra</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Om_mani_padme_hum" title="Om mani padme hum">Om mani padme hum</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mudra" title="Mudra">Mudra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_music" title="Buddhist music">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_pilgrimage_sites" title="Buddhist pilgrimage sites">Pilgrimage</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Lumbini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maya_Devi_Temple,_Lumbini" title="Maya Devi Temple, Lumbini">Maya Devi Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bodh_Gaya" title="Bodh Gaya">Bodh Gaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarnath" title="Sarnath">Sarnath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kushinagar" title="Kushinagar">Kushinagar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_poetry" title="Buddhist poetry">Poetry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japamala" title="Japamala">Prayer beads</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hama_yumi" title="Hama yumi">Hama yumi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prayer_wheel" title="Prayer wheel">Prayer wheel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_symbolism" title="Buddhist symbolism">Symbolism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dharmachakra" title="Dharmachakra">Dharmachakra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_flag" title="Buddhist flag">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhavacakra" title="Bhavacakra">Bhavacakra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swastika" title="Swastika">Swastika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thangka" title="Thangka">Thangka</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_of_the_Tooth" title="Temple of the Tooth">Temple of the Tooth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_vegetarianism" title="Buddhist vegetarianism">Vegetarianism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FFD068;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Buddhism-related_articles" title="Index of Buddhism-related articles">Miscellaneous</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abhij%C3%B1%C4%81" title="Abhijñā">Abhijñā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amit%C4%81bha" title="Amitābha">Amitābha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brahm%C4%81_(Buddhism)" title="Brahmā (Buddhism)">Brahmā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dharma_talk" title="Dharma talk">Dharma talk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hinayana" title="Hinayana">Hinayana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iddhi" title="Iddhi">Iddhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalpa_(time)" title="Kalpa (time)">Kalpa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koliya" title="Koliya">Koliya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lineage_(Buddhism)" title="Lineage (Buddhism)">Lineage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mara_(demon)" title="Mara (demon)">Māra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siddhi" title="Siddhi">Siddhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacred_language" title="Sacred language">Sacred languages</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pali" title="Pali">Pāḷi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanskrit" title="Sanskrit">Sanskrit</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FFD068;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Comparative_Buddhism" title="Category:Comparative Buddhism">Comparison</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith_and_Buddhism" title="Baháʼí Faith and Buddhism">Baháʼí Faith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_and_Christianity" title="Buddhism and Christianity">Christianity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_influences_on_Christianity" title="Buddhist influences on Christianity">Influences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_Buddhism_and_Christianity" title="Comparison of Buddhism and Christianity">Comparison</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_and_Eastern_religions" title="Buddhism and Eastern religions">East Asian religions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_and_Gnosticism" title="Buddhism and Gnosticism">Gnosticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_and_Hinduism" title="Buddhism and Hinduism">Hinduism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_and_Jainism" title="Buddhism and Jainism">Jainism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Buddhist" title="Jewish Buddhist">Judaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_and_psychology" title="Buddhism and psychology">Psychology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_and_science" title="Buddhism and science">Science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_and_Theosophy" title="Buddhism and Theosophy">Theosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_and_violence" title="Buddhism and violence">Violence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_and_Western_philosophy" title="Buddhism and Western philosophy">Western philosophy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FFD068;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Buddhism-related_lists" title="Category:Buddhism-related lists">Lists</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_bodhisattvas" title="List of bodhisattvas">Bodhisattvas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Buddhas" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Buddhas">Buddhas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Buddhists" title="List of Buddhists">Buddhists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_suttas" title="List of suttas">Suttas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sutra" title="Sutra">Sutras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Buddhist_temples" title="List of Buddhist temples">Temples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Buddhist_festivals" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Buddhist festivals">Festivals</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background: #FFD068;"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Buddhism" title="Category:Buddhism">Category</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Dharma_Wheel_(2).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Dharma_Wheel_%282%29.svg/16px-Dharma_Wheel_%282%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Dharma_Wheel_%282%29.svg/24px-Dharma_Wheel_%282%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Dharma_Wheel_%282%29.svg/32px-Dharma_Wheel_%282%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="697" data-file-height="697" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Buddhism" title="Portal:Buddhism">Buddhism portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="The_Buddha_(Gautama_Buddha)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffd068;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Gautama_Buddha" title="Template:Gautama Buddha"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Gautama_Buddha" title="Template talk:Gautama Buddha"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Gautama_Buddha" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Gautama Buddha"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="The_Buddha_(Gautama_Buddha)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/The_Buddha" title="The Buddha">The Buddha</a> (<a href="/wiki/The_Buddha" title="The Buddha">Gautama Buddha</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhammacakkappavattana_Sutta" title="Dhammacakkappavattana Sutta">Core teachings</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Four_Noble_Truths" title="Four Noble Truths">Four Noble Truths</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noble_Eightfold_Path" title="Noble Eightfold Path">Noble Eightfold Path</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_Way" title="Middle Way">Middle Way</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhavacana" class="mw-redirect" title="Buddhavacana">Sayings</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Buddhists" title="List of Buddhists">Disciples</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ten_principal_disciples" title="Ten principal disciples">ten principal disciples</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_sights" title="Four sights">Four sights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Eight_Great_Events_in_the_Life_of_Buddha" title="The Eight Great Events in the Life of Buddha">Eight Great Events</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Renunciation" title="Great Renunciation">Great Renunciation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Family_of_Gautama_Buddha" title="Family of Gautama Buddha">Family</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maya_(mother_of_the_Buddha)" title="Maya (mother of the Buddha)">Maya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Auddhodana" title="Śuddhodana">Śuddhodana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahapajapati_Gotami" title="Mahapajapati Gotami">Mahapajapati Gotami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ya%C5%9Bodhar%C4%81" title="Yaśodharā">Yaśodharā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C4%81hula" title="Rāhula">Rāhula</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_places_where_Gautama_Buddha_stayed" title="List of places where Gautama Buddha stayed">Places</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Lumbini</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bodh_Gaya" title="Bodh Gaya">Bodh Gaya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bodhi_Tree" title="Bodhi Tree">Bodhi Tree</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mahabodhi_Temple" title="Mahabodhi Temple">Mahabodhi Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_pilgrimage_sites" title="Buddhist pilgrimage sites">pilgrimage sites</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miracles_of_Gautama_Buddha" title="Miracles of Gautama Buddha">Miracles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddha%27s_Birthday" title="Buddha's Birthday">Birthday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modak" title="Modak">Modak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asita" title="Asita">Prophecy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Physical_characteristics_of_the_Buddha" title="Physical characteristics of the Buddha">Physical characteristics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mah%C4%81parinibb%C4%81%E1%B9%87a_Sutta" class="mw-redirect" title="Mahāparinibbāṇa Sutta">Death</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relics_associated_with_Buddha" title="Relics associated with Buddha">Relics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cetiya" title="Cetiya">Cetiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relic_of_the_tooth_of_the_Buddha" title="Relic of the tooth of the Buddha">tooth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddha_footprint" title="Buddha footprint">footprint</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddha_in_art" title="Buddha in art">Buddha in art</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Life_of_Buddha_in_art" title="Life of Buddha in art">life in art</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iconography_of_Gautama_Buddha_in_Laos_and_Thailand" title="Iconography of Gautama Buddha in Laos and Thailand">Iconography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Depictions_of_Gautama_Buddha_in_film" title="Depictions of Gautama Buddha in film">Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gautama_Buddha_in_world_religions" title="Gautama Buddha in world religions">Gautama Buddha in world religions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gautama_Buddha_in_Hinduism" class="mw-redirect" title="Gautama Buddha in Hinduism">Hinduism</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2" style="background-color:#ffd068;"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:Search/Gautama_Buddha" class="extiw" title="commons:Special:Search/Gautama Buddha">Commons</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Wikiquote page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/13px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/20px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/27px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span> <a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Gautama_Buddha" class="extiw" title="wikiquote:Special:Search/Gautama Buddha">Wikiquote</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid 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class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:World_Heritage_Sites_in_Nepal" title="Template:World Heritage Sites in Nepal"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:World_Heritage_Sites_in_Nepal" title="Template talk:World Heritage Sites in Nepal"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:World_Heritage_Sites_in_Nepal" title="Special:EditPage/Template:World Heritage Sites in Nepal"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="20px_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Nepal" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Unesco_World_Heritage_logo_notext_transparent.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Unesco_World_Heritage_logo_notext_transparent.svg/20px-Unesco_World_Heritage_logo_notext_transparent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Unesco_World_Heritage_logo_notext_transparent.svg/30px-Unesco_World_Heritage_logo_notext_transparent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Unesco_World_Heritage_logo_notext_transparent.svg/40px-Unesco_World_Heritage_logo_notext_transparent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="707" data-file-height="705" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">World Heritage Sites</a> in <a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Nepal" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Nepal">Nepal</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cultural</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list 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