CINXE.COM
ꯑꯕꯈꯥꯓ ꯂꯣꯟ - ꯋꯤꯀꯤꯄꯦꯗꯤꯌꯥ
<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="mni" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>ꯑꯕꯈꯥꯓ ꯂꯣꯟ - ꯋꯤꯀꯤꯄꯦꯗꯤꯌꯥ</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )mniwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["0\t1\t2\t3\t4\t5\t6\t7\t8\t9", "꯰\t꯱\t꯲\t꯳\t꯴\t꯵\t꯶\t꯷\t꯸\t꯹"],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy","wgMonthNames":["","ꯖꯥꯅꯨꯋꯥꯔꯤ","ꯐꯦꯕꯨꯋꯥꯔꯤ","ꯃꯥꯔꯆ","ꯑꯦꯄꯔꯤꯜ","ꯃꯦ","ꯖꯨꯟ","ꯖꯨꯂꯥꯏ","ꯑꯒꯁ","ꯁꯦꯞꯇꯦꯝꯕꯔ","ꯑꯣꯛꯇꯣꯕꯔ","ꯅꯣꯚꯦꯝꯕꯔ","ꯗꯤꯁꯦꯝꯕꯔ"],"wgRequestId":"551abf22-d88a-434d-9f0a-9e127ccd2409","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"ꯑꯕꯈꯥꯓ_ꯂꯣꯟ","wgTitle":"ꯑꯕꯈꯥꯓ ꯂꯣꯟ","wgCurRevisionId":38054,"wgRevisionId":38054,"wgArticleId":2936,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["ꯃꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯩꯇꯕ ꯂꯣꯟꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯔꯦꯡꯁꯤꯡ","ꯑꯥꯏꯑꯦꯁꯑꯣ ꯶꯳꯹-꯲ ꯀꯣꯗ ꯌꯥꯎꯕ ꯂꯣꯟꯁꯤꯡ","ꯑꯥꯏꯑꯦꯁꯑꯣ ꯶꯳꯹-꯱ ꯀꯣꯗ ꯌꯥꯎꯕ ꯂꯣꯟꯁꯤꯡ", "ꯏꯊꯅꯣꯂꯣꯒꯇꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯍꯧꯔꯐꯝ ꯎꯠꯄ ꯑꯥꯏꯑꯦꯁꯑꯣ ꯂꯣꯟ ꯋꯥꯔꯦꯡꯁꯤꯡ","ꯂꯣꯟ","ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯄꯝ ꯑꯔꯥꯟꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯥꯎꯕ ꯂꯃꯥꯏꯁꯤꯡ","Pages with reference errors that trigger visual diffs"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"mni","wgPageContentLanguage":"mni","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"ꯑꯕꯈꯥꯓ_ꯂꯣꯟ","wgRelevantArticleId":2936,"wgUserVariant":"mni","wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":true,"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"mni","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"mni"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":true,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":2000, "wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q5111","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready", "wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","site","mediawiki.page.ready","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=mni&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=mni&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=mni&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Abkhaz_language.svg/1200px-Abkhaz_language.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="604"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Abkhaz_language.svg/800px-Abkhaz_language.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="403"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Abkhaz_language.svg/640px-Abkhaz_language.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="322"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="ꯑꯕꯈꯥꯓ ꯂꯣꯟ - ꯋꯤꯀꯤꯄꯦꯗꯤꯌꯥ"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//mni.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%91%EA%AF%95%EA%AF%88%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%93_%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%9F"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="ꯁꯦꯝꯒꯠ ꯁꯥꯒꯠꯂꯨ" href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%AF%91%EA%AF%95%EA%AF%88%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%93_%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%9F&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="ꯋꯤꯀꯤꯄꯦꯗꯤꯌꯥ (mni)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//mni.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%91%EA%AF%95%EA%AF%88%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%93_%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%9F"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="mni" href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%91%EA%AF%95%EA%AF%88%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%93_%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%9F"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="mni-Beng" href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%EA%AF%91%EA%AF%95%EA%AF%88%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%93_%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%9F&variant=mni-beng"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="x-default" href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%91%EA%AF%95%EA%AF%88%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%93_%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%9F"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.mni"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="ꯋꯤꯀꯤꯄꯦꯗꯤꯌꯥ ꯑꯦꯇꯣꯝ ꯇꯥꯛꯄꯥ" href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%AF%91%EA%AF%88%EA%AF%9F%EA%AF%85%EA%AF%95:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-ꯑꯕꯈꯥꯓ_ꯂꯣꯟ rootpage-ꯑꯕꯈꯥꯓ_ꯂꯣꯟ skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="ꯃꯐꯝ"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯌꯦꯡꯐꯝ" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯌꯦꯡꯐꯝ</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯌꯦꯡꯐꯝ</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">ꯂꯣꯠꯂꯨ</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> ꯆꯠꯄꯥ </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%EA%AF%83%EA%AF%94%EA%AF%A8%EA%AF%91%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%8F%EA%AF%95_%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%83%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%8F" title="ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯂꯃꯥꯏꯗꯨꯗ ꯌꯧꯁꯤꯟꯂꯨ [z]" accesskey="z"><span>ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯂꯃꯥꯏ</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%EA%AF%8B%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%80%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%84%EA%AF%A6%EA%AF%97%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%8C%EA%AF%A5:%EA%AF%83%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%8C%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%9D%EA%AF%92%EA%AF%A4_%EA%AF%84%EA%AF%A8%EA%AF%9F%EA%AF%90%EA%AF%9D%EA%AF%8C%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%8E%EA%AF%90%EA%AF%9D" title="ꯊꯧꯔꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗ, ꯅꯪꯅ ꯀꯔꯤ ꯇꯧꯕ ꯌꯥꯒꯅꯤ, ꯄꯣꯠ-ꯆꯩꯁꯤꯡꯗꯨ ꯀꯗꯥꯏꯗ ꯊꯤꯒꯅꯤ"><span>ꯃꯤꯌꯥꯝꯒꯤ ꯄꯨꯟꯐꯝꯌꯥꯎꯐꯝ</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%EA%AF%8B%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%80%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%84%EA%AF%A6%EA%AF%97%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%8C%EA%AF%A5:%EA%AF%8D%EA%AF%A7%EA%AF%96%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%9B%EA%AF%80%EA%AF%A4_%EA%AF%8A%EA%AF%A7%EA%AF%94%EA%AF%9D" title="ꯆꯠꯊꯔꯤꯕ ꯊꯧꯔꯝꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯋꯥꯔꯣꯟꯗꯨ ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯛ ꯎ"><span>ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯛꯀꯤ ꯊꯧꯔꯝꯁꯤꯡ</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%EA%AF%91%EA%AF%88%EA%AF%9F%EA%AF%85%EA%AF%95:RecentChanges" title="ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯋꯤꯀꯤꯗ ꯑꯍꯣꯡꯕꯥꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯄꯥꯔꯦꯡ [r]" accesskey="r"><span>ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯑꯍꯣꯡꯕꯁꯤꯡ</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%EA%AF%91%EA%AF%88%EA%AF%9F%EA%AF%85%EA%AF%95:Random" title="ꯆꯥꯡ ꯅꯥꯏꯗꯕ ꯂꯃꯥꯏ ꯍꯥꯞꯆꯤꯟꯕꯥ [x]" accesskey="x"><span>ꯆꯥꯡ ꯅꯥꯏꯗꯕ ꯂꯃꯥꯏ</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Contents" title="ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯔꯛꯅꯕ ꯃꯐꯝꯅꯤ"><span>ꯃꯇꯦꯡ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/%EA%AF%83%EA%AF%94%EA%AF%A8%EA%AF%91%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%8F%EA%AF%95_%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%83%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%8F" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="ꯋꯤꯀꯤꯄꯦꯗꯤꯌꯥ" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-mni.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-mni.svg" width="120" height="12" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.75em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/%EA%AF%91%EA%AF%88%EA%AF%9F%EA%AF%85%EA%AF%95:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="ꯊꯤꯔꯣ [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>ꯊꯤꯕꯥ</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="ꯊꯤꯔꯣ" aria-label="ꯊꯤꯔꯣ" autocapitalize="sentences" title="ꯊꯤꯔꯣ [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="ꯑꯈꯟꯅꯕ:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">ꯊꯤꯕꯥ</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="ꯏꯁꯥꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯏꯅꯕꯥ ꯈꯨꯠꯂꯥꯏ"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=mni.wikipedia.org&uselang=mni" class=""><span>ꯀꯠꯊꯣꯛꯄꯥ</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%AF%91%EA%AF%88%EA%AF%9F%EA%AF%85%EA%AF%95:CreateAccount&returnto=%EA%AF%91%EA%AF%95%EA%AF%88%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%93+%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%9F" title="ꯅꯪꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯱ ꯁꯦꯝꯕꯥ ꯱ꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯅꯨꯡ ꯆꯪꯁꯤꯟꯕꯥꯁꯤ ꯄꯨꯛꯅꯤꯡ ꯊꯧꯒꯠꯂꯤ, ꯇꯧꯕꯇꯕꯨ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯁꯪꯁꯣꯏ ꯁꯣꯏꯗꯅꯥ ꯆꯪꯕꯗꯤ ꯅꯠꯇꯦ" class=""><span>ꯑꯩꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯕꯥ</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%AF%91%EA%AF%88%EA%AF%9F%EA%AF%85%EA%AF%95:UserLogin&returnto=%EA%AF%91%EA%AF%95%EA%AF%88%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%93+%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%9F" title="ꯅꯪꯅ ꯃꯅꯨꯡ ꯆꯪꯉꯛꯄꯁꯤ ꯄꯨꯛꯅꯤꯡ ꯊꯧꯒꯠꯂꯤ, ꯇꯧꯕꯇꯕꯨ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯁꯪꯁꯣꯏ ꯁꯣꯏꯗꯅꯥ ꯆꯪꯕꯗꯤ ꯅꯠꯇꯦ [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>ꯆꯪꯁꯤꯟꯕ ꯃꯅꯨꯪꯗ</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="More options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="ꯏꯁꯥꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯏꯅꯕꯥ ꯈꯨꯠꯂꯥꯏ" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">ꯏꯁꯥꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯏꯅꯕꯥ ꯈꯨꯠꯂꯥꯏ</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=mni.wikipedia.org&uselang=mni"><span>ꯀꯠꯊꯣꯛꯄꯥ</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%AF%91%EA%AF%88%EA%AF%9F%EA%AF%85%EA%AF%95:CreateAccount&returnto=%EA%AF%91%EA%AF%95%EA%AF%88%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%93+%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%9F" title="ꯅꯪꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯱ ꯁꯦꯝꯕꯥ ꯱ꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯅꯨꯡ ꯆꯪꯁꯤꯟꯕꯥꯁꯤ ꯄꯨꯛꯅꯤꯡ ꯊꯧꯒꯠꯂꯤ, ꯇꯧꯕꯇꯕꯨ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯁꯪꯁꯣꯏ ꯁꯣꯏꯗꯅꯥ ꯆꯪꯕꯗꯤ ꯅꯠꯇꯦ"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>ꯑꯩꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯕꯥ</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%AF%91%EA%AF%88%EA%AF%9F%EA%AF%85%EA%AF%95:UserLogin&returnto=%EA%AF%91%EA%AF%95%EA%AF%88%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%93+%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%9F" title="ꯅꯪꯅ ꯃꯅꯨꯡ ꯆꯪꯉꯛꯄꯁꯤ ꯄꯨꯛꯅꯤꯡ ꯊꯧꯒꯠꯂꯤ, ꯇꯧꯕꯇꯕꯨ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯁꯪꯁꯣꯏ ꯁꯣꯏꯗꯅꯥ ꯆꯪꯕꯗꯤ ꯅꯠꯇꯦ [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>ꯆꯪꯁꯤꯟꯕ ꯃꯅꯨꯪꯗ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/%EA%AF%83%EA%AF%87%EA%AF%A6%EA%AF%A1:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>ꯍꯦꯟꯅ ꯇꯝꯁꯤꯟꯂꯨ</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%EA%AF%91%EA%AF%88%EA%AF%9F%EA%AF%85%EA%AF%95:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>ꯈꯣꯝꯒꯠꯂꯛꯂꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡ</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%EA%AF%91%EA%AF%88%EA%AF%9F%EA%AF%85%EA%AF%95:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>ꯋꯥ ꯍꯥꯏꯐꯝ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"><!-- CentralNotice --></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="ꯃꯐꯝ"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯌꯥꯎꯕꯁꯤꯡ" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯌꯥꯎꯕꯁꯤꯡ</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">ꯂꯣꯠꯂꯨ</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">ꯍꯧꯔꯛꯄ</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-ꯃꯇꯦꯡ_ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ꯃꯇꯦꯡ_ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">১</span> <span>ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ꯃꯇꯦꯡ_ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯌꯥꯎꯕꯁꯤꯡ" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">ꯑꯕꯈꯥꯓ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in ১১৫ languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-115" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">১১৫ ꯂꯣꯟꯁꯤꯡ</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D4%A5%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%8B%D0%B7%D1%88%D3%99%D0%B0" title="Аԥсуа бызшәа – Abkhazian" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Аԥсуа бызшәа" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="Abkhazian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ady mw-list-item"><a href="https://ady.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D1%85%D1%8A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%B1%D0%B7%D1%8D" title="Абхъазыбзэ – Adyghe" lang="ady" hreflang="ady" data-title="Абхъазыбзэ" data-language-autonym="Адыгабзэ" data-language-local-name="Adyghe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгабзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abchasies" title="Abchasies – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Abchasies" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%A0%E1%89%A5%E1%8A%AB%E1%8B%9D%E1%8A%9B" title="አብካዝኛ – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="አብካዝኛ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_abkhasio" title="Idioma abkhasio – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Idioma abkhasio" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BC_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="अबखाज़ भाषा – Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="अबखाज़ भाषा" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%A8%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="اللغة الأبخازية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="اللغة الأبخازية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%87" title="الابخازيه – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="الابخازيه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_abkhasu" title="Idioma abkhasu – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Idioma abkhasu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abxaz_dili" title="Abxaz dili – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Abxaz dili" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Абхазская мова – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Абхазская мова" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Абхаская мова – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Абхаская мова" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Абхазки език – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Абхазки език" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%96%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9C_%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%BE" title="আবখাজ ভাষা – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="আবখাজ ভাষা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abc%27hazeg" title="Abc'hazeg – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Abc'hazeg" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8_%D1%85%D1%8D%D0%BB%D1%8D%D0%BD" title="Абхази хэлэн – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Абхази хэлэн" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abkhaz" title="Abkhaz – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Abkhaz" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%82" title="Абхазхойн мотт – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Абхазхойн мотт" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinulongang_Abhaso" title="Pinulongang Abhaso – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Pinulongang Abhaso" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%A6%DB%95%D8%A8%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B2%DB%8C" title="زمانی ئەبخازی – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="زمانی ئەبخازی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abhaz_tili" title="Abhaz tili – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Abhaz tili" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abch%C3%A1z%C5%A1tina" title="Abcházština – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Abcházština" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu mw-list-item"><a href="https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D1%85%D0%B0%EA%99%81%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%8A_%D1%A9%EA%99%81%EA%99%91%D0%BA%D1%8A" title="Абхаꙁьскъ ѩꙁꙑкъ – Church Slavic" lang="cu" hreflang="cu" data-title="Абхаꙁьскъ ѩꙁꙑкъ" data-language-autonym="Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ" data-language-local-name="Church Slavic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B7_%D1%87%C4%95%D0%BB%D1%85%D0%B8" title="Абхаз чĕлхи – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Абхаз чĕлхи" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abchaseg" title="Abchaseg – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Abchaseg" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abkhasisk" title="Abkhasisk – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Abkhasisk" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abchasische_Sprache" title="Abchasische Sprache – ꯖꯔꯃꯟ" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Abchasische Sprache" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="ꯖꯔꯃꯟ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abxazki" title="Abxazki – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Abxazki" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CE%BC%CF%80%CF%87%CE%B1%CE%B6%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%B3%CE%BB%CF%8E%CF%83%CF%83%CE%B1" title="Αμπχαζική γλώσσα – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αμπχαζική γλώσσα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abkhaz_language" title="Abkhaz language – ꯏꯪꯂꯤꯁ" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Abkhaz language" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="ꯏꯪꯂꯤꯁ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ab%C4%A5aza_lingvo" title="Abĥaza lingvo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Abĥaza lingvo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_abjasio" title="Idioma abjasio – ꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯅꯤꯁ" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Idioma abjasio" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="ꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯅꯤꯁ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abhaasi_keel" title="Abhaasi keel – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Abhaasi keel" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abkhaziera" title="Abkhaziera – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Abkhaziera" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A2%D8%A8%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B2%DB%8C" title="زبان آبخازی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="زبان آبخازی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abhaasin_kieli" title="Abhaasin kieli – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Abhaasin kieli" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abhaasi_kiil" title="Abhaasi kiil – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Abhaasi kiil" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abkhaze" title="Abkhaze – ꯐ꯭ꯔꯥꯟꯆ" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Abkhaze" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="ꯐ꯭ꯔꯥꯟꯆ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abchaasisk_(Spriik)" title="Abchaasisk (Spriik) – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Abchaasisk (Spriik)" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Abc%C3%A1isis" title="An Abcáisis – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An Abcáisis" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_abkhaza" title="Lingua abkhaza – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Lingua abkhaza" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abkhaz-ng%C3%AE" title="Abkhaz-ngî – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Abkhaz-ngî" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%91%D7%97%D7%96%D7%99%D7%AA" title="אבחזית – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אבחזית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abkhaz_bhasa" title="Abkhaz bhasa – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Abkhaz bhasa" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abhaski_jezik" title="Abhaski jezik – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Abhaski jezik" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abchazi%C5%A1%C4%87ina" title="Abchazišćina – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Abchazišćina" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abh%C3%A1z_nyelv" title="Abház nyelv – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Abház nyelv" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%A2%D5%AD%D5%A1%D5%A6%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A5%D5%B6" title="Աբխազերեն – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Աբխազերեն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Abkhaz" title="Bahasa Abkhaz – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bahasa Abkhaz" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pagsasao_nga_Abhasio" title="Pagsasao nga Abhasio – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Pagsasao nga Abhasio" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%82" title="Абхазой мотт – Ingush" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Абхазой мотт" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="Ingush" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abkas%C3%ADska" title="Abkasíska – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Abkasíska" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_abcasa" title="Lingua abcasa – ꯏꯇꯥꯂꯤꯌꯥꯟ" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Lingua abcasa" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="ꯏꯇꯥꯂꯤꯌꯥꯟ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%96%E3%83%8F%E3%82%BA%E8%AA%9E" title="アブハズ語 – ꯖꯄꯥꯅꯤꯁ" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アブハズ語" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="ꯖꯄꯥꯅꯤꯁ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%A4%E1%83%AE%E1%83%90%E1%83%96%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90" title="აფხაზური ენა – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="აფხაზური ენა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B7%D0%B3%D1%8A%D1%8D%D0%B1%D0%B7%D1%8D" title="Азгъэбзэ – Kabardian" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="Азгъэбзэ" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="Kabardian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгэбзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Abkhaz" title="Bahasa Abkhaz – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Bahasa Abkhaz" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B7_%D1%82%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%96" title="Абхаз тілі – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Абхаз тілі" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%95%ED%95%98%EC%8A%A4%EC%96%B4" title="압하스어 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="압하스어" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B7_%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%B2" title="Абхаз кыв – Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Абхаз кыв" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B7_%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Абхаз тили – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Абхаз тили" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_Abasgica" title="Lingua Abasgica – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Lingua Abasgica" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abcaz_(lingua)" title="Abcaz (lingua) – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Abcaz (lingua)" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abchazisch" title="Abchazisch – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Abchazisch" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abchaz%C5%B3_kalba" title="Abchazų kalba – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Abchazų kalba" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abh%C4%81zu_valoda" title="Abhāzu valoda – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Abhāzu valoda" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B7_%D0%B9%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%B5" title="Абхаз йылме – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Абхаз йылме" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BF%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Апхаски јазик – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Апхаски јазик" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%96%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%AD%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B7" title="അബ്ഖാസ് ഭാഷ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="അബ്ഖാസ് ഭാഷ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9D_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="अबखाझ भाषा – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="अबखाझ भाषा" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Abkhaz" title="Bahasa Abkhaz – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Bahasa Abkhaz" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%A8%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B2%DB%8C" title="آبخازی – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="آبخازی" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abchazisch" title="Abchazisch – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Abchazisch" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abkhasisk" title="Abkhasisk – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Abkhasisk" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abkhasisk" title="Abkhasisk – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Abkhasisk" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abcaz" title="Abcaz – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Abcaz" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B3_%C3%A6%D0%B2%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B3" title="Абхазаг æвзаг – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Абхазаг æвзаг" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BC_%E0%A8%AD%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE" title="ਆਬਖ਼ਾਜ਼ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਆਬਖ਼ਾਜ਼ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C4%99zyk_abchaski" title="Język abchaski – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Język abchaski" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenga_Abkhaz" title="Lenga Abkhaz – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Lenga Abkhaz" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B2%DB%8C_%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C" title="ابخازی بولی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ابخازی بولی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%8A_%DA%98%D8%A8%D9%87" title="ابخازي ژبه – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="ابخازي ژبه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ADngua_abc%C3%A1zia" title="Língua abcázia – ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯇꯨꯒꯤꯁ" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Língua abcázia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯇꯨꯒꯤꯁ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limba_abhaz%C4%83" title="Limba abhază – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Limba abhază" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA" title="Абхазский язык – ꯔꯁꯤꯌꯥꯟ" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Абхазский язык" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ꯔꯁꯤꯌꯥꯟ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA" title="Абхазьскый язык – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Абхазьскый язык" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Icyabukaziyani" title="Icyabukaziyani – Kinyarwanda" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Icyabukaziyani" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="Kinyarwanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B0%D1%81_%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Абхаас тыла – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Абхаас тыла" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B5%E1%B1%BD%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%B7%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A1%E1%B1%BD_%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B9%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A4" title="ᱟᱵᱽᱠᱷᱟᱡᱽ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱟᱵᱽᱠᱷᱟᱡᱽ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abkhaz_leid" title="Abkhaz leid – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Abkhaz leid" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abkhasagiella" title="Abkhasagiella – Northern Sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Abkhasagiella" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Northern Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abhaski_jezik" title="Abhaski jezik – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Abhaski jezik" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abkhaz_language" title="Abkhaz language – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Abkhaz language" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abch%C3%A1z%C5%A1tina" title="Abcházština – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Abcházština" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abha%C5%A1%C4%8Dina" title="Abhaščina – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Abhaščina" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%98%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Абхаски језик – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Абхаски језик" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abchaziska" title="Abchaziska – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Abchaziska" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abchask%C5%8F_g%C5%8Fdka" title="Abchaskŏ gŏdka – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Abchaskŏ gŏdka" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%BF" title="அபுகாசிய மொழி – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="அபுகாசிய மொழி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B7%D3%A3" title="Забони абхозӣ – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Забони абхозӣ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2" title="ภาษาอับคาเซีย – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ภาษาอับคาเซีย" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abhaz_dili" title="Abhaz dili – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Abhaz dili" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abhazca" title="Abhazca – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Abhazca" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B7_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Абхаз теле – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Абхаз теле" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Абхазька мова – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Абхазька мова" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B2_%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86" title="ابخاز زبان – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ابخاز زبان" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abxaz_tili" title="Abxaz tili – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Abxaz tili" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ti%E1%BA%BFng_Abkhaz" title="Tiếng Abkhaz – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tiếng Abkhaz" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%B8%83%E5%93%88%E5%85%B9%E8%AF%AD" title="阿布哈兹语 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="阿布哈兹语" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abkhaz" title="Abkhaz – Xhosa" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="Abkhaz" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="Xhosa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%A4%E1%83%AE%E1%83%90%E1%83%96%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90" title="აფხაზური ნინა – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="აფხაზური ნინა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%88d%C3%A8_Abkhaz" title="Èdè Abkhaz – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Èdè Abkhaz" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%B8%83%E5%93%88%E8%8C%B2%E8%AA%9E" title="阿布哈茲語 – ꯆꯥꯏꯅꯤꯁ" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="阿布哈茲語" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="ꯆꯥꯏꯅꯤꯁ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abkhaz-g%C3%AD" title="Abkhaz-gí – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Abkhaz-gí" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%B8%83%E5%93%88%E8%8C%B2%E6%96%87" title="阿布哈茲文 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="阿布哈茲文" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q5111#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="ꯂꯣꯟ ꯑꯃꯥꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯒꯤ ꯁꯝꯅꯐꯝꯒꯤ ꯁꯦꯝꯒꯠꯐꯝ" class="wbc-editpage">ꯁꯝꯅꯐꯝꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯦꯝꯒꯠꯂꯛꯄ</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="ꯃꯃꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯐꯝꯁꯤꯡ"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%EA%AF%91%EA%AF%95%EA%AF%88%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%93_%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%9F" title="ꯂꯃꯥꯏꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯌꯥꯎꯕꯁꯤꯡꯗꯨ ꯎꯠꯂꯨ [c]" accesskey="c"><span>ꯂꯃꯥꯏ</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%AF%8B%EA%AF%A5_%EA%AF%8D%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%8F%EA%AF%90%EA%AF%9D:%EA%AF%91%EA%AF%95%EA%AF%88%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%93_%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="ꯂꯃꯥꯏꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗ ꯌꯥꯎꯔꯤꯕꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗ ꯈꯟꯅ ꯅꯩꯅꯕ (ꯂꯃꯥꯏꯗꯨ ꯂꯩꯇꯔꯦ) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>ꯈꯟꯅ ꯅꯩꯅꯕ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-varlang-0" class="selected ca-variants-mni mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%AF%91%EA%AF%95%EA%AF%88%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%93_%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%9F&variant=mni" lang="mni" hreflang="mni"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-1" class="ca-variants-mni-Beng mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%AF%91%EA%AF%95%EA%AF%88%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%93_%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%9F&variant=mni-beng" lang="mni-Beng" hreflang="mni-Beng"><span>বাংলা মায়েক (চাংয়েং তৌবা)</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="ꯃꯤꯠꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯡ"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%EA%AF%91%EA%AF%95%EA%AF%88%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%93_%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%9F"><span>ꯄꯥꯑꯣ</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%AF%91%EA%AF%95%EA%AF%88%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%93_%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%9F&veaction=edit" title="ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯂꯃꯥꯏꯁꯤ ꯁꯦꯝꯒꯠꯂꯨ [v]" accesskey="v"><span>ꯁꯦꯝꯒꯠ ꯁꯥꯒꯠꯂꯨ</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%AF%91%EA%AF%95%EA%AF%88%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%93_%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%9F&action=edit" title="Edit the source code of this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>ꯁꯦꯝꯒꯠꯂꯛꯄꯒꯤ ꯍꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%AF%91%EA%AF%95%EA%AF%88%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%93_%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%9F&action=history" title="ꯍꯧꯈꯔꯕꯥ ꯂꯃꯥꯏ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯍꯟꯅꯥ ꯌꯦꯡꯕꯥ [h]" accesskey="h"><span>ꯄꯨꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯎꯠꯂꯨ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="ꯈꯨꯠꯂꯥꯏꯁꯤꯡ" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">ꯈꯨꯠꯂꯥꯏꯁꯤꯡ</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">ꯈꯨꯠꯂꯥꯏꯁꯤꯡ</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">ꯂꯣꯠꯂꯨ</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> ꯊꯕꯛ ꯄꯥꯡꯊꯣꯛꯄ </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%EA%AF%91%EA%AF%95%EA%AF%88%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%93_%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%9F"><span>ꯄꯥꯑꯣ</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%AF%91%EA%AF%95%EA%AF%88%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%93_%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%9F&veaction=edit" title="ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯂꯃꯥꯏꯁꯤ ꯁꯦꯝꯒꯠꯂꯨ [v]" accesskey="v"><span>ꯁꯦꯝꯒꯠ ꯁꯥꯒꯠꯂꯨ</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%AF%91%EA%AF%95%EA%AF%88%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%93_%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%9F&action=edit" title="Edit the source code of this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>ꯁꯦꯝꯒꯠꯂꯛꯄꯒꯤ ꯍꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%AF%91%EA%AF%95%EA%AF%88%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%93_%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%9F&action=history"><span>ꯄꯨꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯎꯠꯂꯨ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> ꯃꯌꯥꯝꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%EA%AF%91%EA%AF%88%EA%AF%9F%EA%AF%85%EA%AF%95:WhatLinksHere/%EA%AF%91%EA%AF%95%EA%AF%88%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%93_%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%9F" title="ꯃꯁꯤꯗ ꯁꯝꯂꯤꯕ ꯑꯄꯨꯟꯕ ꯋꯤꯀꯤ ꯂꯥꯃꯥꯏꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯄꯥꯔꯦꯡ ꯱ [j]" accesskey="j"><span>ꯃꯁꯤꯗ ꯀꯔꯤ ꯁꯝꯃꯤ</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%EA%AF%91%EA%AF%88%EA%AF%9F%EA%AF%85%EA%AF%95:RecentChangesLinked/%EA%AF%91%EA%AF%95%EA%AF%88%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%93_%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%9F" rel="nofollow" title="ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯂꯃꯥꯏꯁꯤꯒꯥ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯂꯩꯅꯕꯥ ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯍꯣꯡꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯃꯥꯏꯁꯤꯡ [k]" accesskey="k"><span>ꯃꯔꯤꯂꯩꯅꯕ ꯑꯍꯣꯡꯕꯁꯤꯡ</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=mni" title="ꯐꯥꯏꯜꯁꯤꯡ ꯊꯥꯒꯠꯂꯨ [u]" accesskey="u"><span>ꯐꯥꯏꯜ ꯊꯥꯒꯠꯂꯨ</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%EA%AF%91%EA%AF%88%EA%AF%9F%EA%AF%85%EA%AF%95:SpecialPages" title="ꯑꯈꯟꯅꯕ ꯂꯃꯥꯏꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯄꯥꯔꯦꯡ ꯱ [q]" accesskey="q"><span>ꯑꯈꯟꯅꯕ ꯂꯃꯥꯏꯁꯤꯡ</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%AF%91%EA%AF%95%EA%AF%88%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%93_%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%9F&oldid=38054" title="ꯃꯃꯨꯛ ꯍꯟꯅ ꯌꯦꯡꯕ ꯂꯃꯥꯏꯒꯤ ꯂꯦꯡꯗꯕ ꯁꯝꯅꯐꯝ"><span>ꯃꯇꯝꯄꯨꯝꯕꯒꯤ ꯁꯝꯅꯐꯝ</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%AF%91%EA%AF%95%EA%AF%88%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%93_%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%9F&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>ꯂꯃꯥꯏꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗ</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%AF%91%EA%AF%88%EA%AF%9F%EA%AF%85%EA%AF%95:CiteThisPage&page=%EA%AF%91%EA%AF%95%EA%AF%88%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%93_%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%9F&id=38054&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="ꯂꯃꯥꯏꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯛꯃꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯌꯧꯅꯕꯥ ꯇꯥꯛꯄꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯣꯟ"><span>ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯂꯃꯥꯏꯁꯤ ꯂꯧꯈꯠꯇꯨꯅꯥ ꯄꯟꯕꯥ</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%AF%91%EA%AF%88%EA%AF%9F%EA%AF%85%EA%AF%95:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fmni.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25EA%25AF%2591%25EA%25AF%2595%25EA%25AF%2588%25EA%25AF%25A5%25EA%25AF%2593_%25EA%25AF%2582%25EA%25AF%25A3%25EA%25AF%259F"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%AF%91%EA%AF%88%EA%AF%9F%EA%AF%85%EA%AF%95:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fmni.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25EA%25AF%2591%25EA%25AF%2595%25EA%25AF%2588%25EA%25AF%25A5%25EA%25AF%2593_%25EA%25AF%2582%25EA%25AF%25A3%25EA%25AF%259F"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> ꯅꯝꯕꯥ/ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯛꯈꯤꯕ </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%AF%91%EA%AF%88%EA%AF%9F%EA%AF%85%EA%AF%95:Book&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=%EA%AF%91%EA%AF%95%EA%AF%88%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%93+%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%9F"><span>ꯂꯥꯏꯔꯤꯛ ꯱ ꯁꯥꯕ</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%AF%91%EA%AF%88%EA%AF%9F%EA%AF%85%EA%AF%95:DownloadAsPdf&page=%EA%AF%91%EA%AF%95%EA%AF%88%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%93_%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%9F&action=show-download-screen"><span>PDF ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯆꯤꯡꯊꯔꯛꯎ</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%AF%91%EA%AF%95%EA%AF%88%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%93_%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%9F&printable=yes" title="ꯅꯝꯕ ꯌꯥꯕ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯒꯤ ꯂꯃꯥꯏ [p]" accesskey="p"><span>ꯅꯝꯊꯣꯛꯄꯌꯥꯕ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯥ ꯊꯧꯔꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Abkhazian_language" hreflang="en"><span>ꯋꯤꯀꯤꯃꯦꯗꯤꯌꯥ ꯀꯃꯣꯟꯁ</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikifunctions mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikifunctions.org/wiki/Z1421" hreflang="en"><span>Wikifunctions</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q5111" title="ꯗꯥꯇꯥ ꯔꯤꯄꯣꯁꯤꯇꯣꯔꯤ ꯄꯣꯠꯂꯝꯒ ꯁꯝꯅꯔꯕ ꯁꯝꯅꯍꯟꯕ [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata ꯄꯣꯠꯂꯝ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">ꯂꯣꯠꯂꯨ</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">ꯋꯤꯀꯤꯄꯦꯗꯤꯌꯥ ꯗꯒꯤ</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="mni" dir="ltr"><table class="infobox" style="width:22em"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="above" style="text-align:center;font-size:125%;font-weight:bold;font-size:130%;color:black;background:lightgreen;">ꯑꯕꯈꯥꯓ</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;font-size:110%;color:black;background:lightgreen">ꯑꯕꯈꯥꯓꯤꯌꯥꯟ</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;font-size:110%;color:black;background:lightgreen"><span lang="ab">Аԥсуа бызшәа</span>; <span lang="ab">аԥсшәа</span><br />Apsua byzshwa; apsshwa</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%EA%AF%90%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%8F%EA%AF%9C:Abkhaz_language.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Abkhaz_language.svg/153px-Abkhaz_language.svg.png" decoding="async" width="153" height="77" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Abkhaz_language.svg/230px-Abkhaz_language.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Abkhaz_language.svg/306px-Abkhaz_language.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="153" data-file-height="77" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="line-height:1.1em;padding-top:.225em;padding-right:.5em;">ꯃꯃꯥꯂꯣꯟ</th><td style="line-height:1.35em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%AF%91%EA%AF%95%EA%AF%88%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%93%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%8C%EA%AF%A5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ꯑꯕꯈꯥꯓꯤꯌꯥ (ꯂꯃꯥꯏꯗꯨ ꯂꯩꯇꯔꯦ)">ꯑꯕꯈꯥꯓꯤꯌꯥ</a> ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯄꯥꯜ ꯂꯩꯄꯥꯛꯇ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯑꯕꯈꯥꯓꯁꯤꯡ</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="line-height:1.1em;padding-top:.225em;padding-right:.5em;">ꯐꯨꯔꯨꯞ</th><td style="line-height:1.35em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%AF%91%EA%AF%95%EA%AF%88%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%93%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%8C%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ꯑꯕꯈꯥꯓꯤꯌꯥꯟ (ꯂꯃꯥꯏꯗꯨ ꯂꯩꯇꯔꯦ)">ꯑꯕꯈꯥꯓꯤꯌꯥꯟ</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="line-height:1.1em;padding-top:.225em;padding-right:.5em;"><div style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;">ꯃꯃꯥꯂꯣꯟ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡ</div></th><td style="line-height:1.35em;"><sup id="cite_ref-ethnologue_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ethnologue-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>꯱<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="line-height:1.1em;padding-top:.225em;padding-right:.5em;"><div style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;"><span class="wrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%9F_%EA%AF%8F%EA%AF%83%EA%AF%A8%EA%AF%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ꯂꯣꯟ ꯏꯃꯨꯡ (ꯂꯃꯥꯏꯗꯨ ꯂꯩꯇꯔꯦ)">ꯂꯣꯟ ꯏꯃꯨꯡ</a></span></div></th><td style="line-height:1.35em;"><div style="text-align:left"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Northwest_Caucasian_languages&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Northwest Caucasian languages (ꯂꯃꯥꯏꯗꯨ ꯂꯩꯇꯔꯦ)">Northwest Caucasian</a> <ul style="line-height:1; margin-left:1.35em;padding-left:0"><li> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Abazgi_languages&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abazgi languages (ꯂꯃꯥꯏꯗꯨ ꯂꯩꯇꯔꯦ)">Abazgi</a><ul style="line-height:1;margin-left:.45em;padding-left:0"><li><b>ꯑꯕꯈꯥꯓ</b></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr class="plainlist"><th scope="row" style="line-height:1.1em;padding-top:.225em;padding-right:.5em;">ꯂꯣꯟ ꯃꯆꯥ</th><td style="line-height:1.35em;"> <ul><li>Abzhywan</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bzyb_dialect&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bzyb dialect (ꯂꯃꯥꯏꯗꯨ ꯂꯩꯇꯔꯦ)">Bzyb</a></li> <li>Sadz</li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="line-height:1.1em;padding-top:.225em;padding-right:.5em;"><div style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;"><span class="wrap"><a href="/wiki/Writing_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Writing system">ꯏꯕꯗ ꯆꯪꯕ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ</a></span></div></th><td style="line-height:1.35em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cyrillic_script&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cyrillic script (ꯂꯃꯥꯏꯗꯨ ꯂꯩꯇꯔꯦ)">Cyrillic</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Abkhaz_alphabet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abkhaz alphabet (ꯂꯃꯥꯏꯗꯨ ꯂꯩꯇꯔꯦ)">Abkhaz alphabet</a>) Historically: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Arabic_script&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arabic script (ꯂꯃꯥꯏꯗꯨ ꯂꯩꯇꯔꯦ)">Arabic</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Latin_script&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Latin script (ꯂꯃꯥꯏꯗꯨ ꯂꯩꯇꯔꯦ)">Latin</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Georgian_script&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Georgian script (ꯂꯃꯥꯏꯗꯨ ꯂꯩꯇꯔꯦ)">Georgian</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;color:black;background:lightgreen">Official status</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="line-height:1.1em;padding-top:.225em;padding-right:.5em;"><div style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;">ꯑꯣꯐꯤꯁꯤꯑꯦꯜ ꯂꯣꯟ</div></th><td style="line-height:1.35em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Republic_of_Abkhazia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Republic of Abkhazia (ꯂꯃꯥꯏꯗꯨ ꯂꯩꯇꯔꯦ)">Republic of Abkhazia</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-Abkhazia-note_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Abkhazia-note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>lower-alpha ꯱<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Autonomous_Republic_of_Abkhazia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Autonomous Republic of Abkhazia (ꯂꯃꯥꯏꯗꯨ ꯂꯩꯇꯔꯦ)">Autonomous Republic of Abkhazia</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Georgia_(country)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Georgia (country) (ꯂꯃꯥꯏꯗꯨ ꯂꯩꯇꯔꯦ)">Georgia</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;color:black;background:lightgreen">Language codes</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="line-height:1.1em;padding-top:.225em;padding-right:.5em;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-1" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 639-1">ꯑꯥꯏꯑꯦꯁꯑꯣ ꯶꯳꯹-꯱</a></span></th><td style="line-height:1.35em;"><code><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/php/langcodes_name.php?iso_639_1=ab">ab</a></span></code> Abkhazian</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="line-height:1.1em;padding-top:.225em;padding-right:.5em;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-2" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 639-2">ꯑꯥꯏꯑꯦꯁꯑꯣ ꯶꯳꯹-꯲</a></span></th><td style="line-height:1.35em;"><code><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/php/langcodes_name.php?code_ID=2">abk</a></span></code> Abkhazian</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="line-height:1.1em;padding-top:.225em;padding-right:.5em;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-3" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 639-3">ꯑꯥꯏꯑꯦꯁꯑꯣ ꯶꯳꯹-꯳</a></span></th><td style="line-height:1.35em;"><code><a href="https://iso639-3.sil.org/code/abk" class="extiw" title="iso639-3:abk">abk</a></code> Abkhazian</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="line-height:1.1em;padding-top:.225em;padding-right:.5em;"><a href="/wiki/Glottolog" class="mw-redirect" title="Glottolog">ꯒ꯭ꯂꯣꯇꯣꯂꯣꯒ</a></th><td style="line-height:1.35em;"><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/abkh1244">abkh1244</a></code>  <span style="white-space:nowrap;">Abkhaz</span><sup id="cite_ref-Glottolog_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Glottolog-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>꯲<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;line-height:1.35em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%EA%AF%90%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%8F%EA%AF%9C:Map_of_Abkhaz_language.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Map_of_Abkhaz_language.svg/220px-Map_of_Abkhaz_language.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Map_of_Abkhaz_language.svg/330px-Map_of_Abkhaz_language.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Map_of_Abkhaz_language.svg/440px-Map_of_Abkhaz_language.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="247" data-file-height="180" /></a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>ꯑꯕꯈꯥꯓ</b> ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ <a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%AF%91%EA%AF%95%EA%AF%88%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%93_%EA%AF%90%EA%AF%A8%EA%AF%94%EA%AF%A8%EA%AF%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ꯑꯕꯈꯥꯓ ꯐꯨꯔꯨꯞ (ꯂꯃꯥꯏꯗꯨ ꯂꯩꯇꯔꯦ)">ꯑꯕꯈꯥꯓ ꯐꯨꯔꯨꯞ</a>ꯅ ꯉꯥꯡꯅꯕ ꯂꯣꯟ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯂꯣꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ <a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%AF%91%EA%AF%95%EA%AF%88%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%93%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%8C%EA%AF%A5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ꯑꯕꯈꯥꯓꯤꯌꯥ (ꯂꯃꯥꯏꯗꯨ ꯂꯩꯇꯔꯦ)">ꯑꯕꯈꯥꯓꯤꯌꯥ</a>ꯗ ꯁꯛꯈꯪꯂꯕ ꯂꯣꯟ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯆꯥꯎꯔꯥꯛꯅ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯱,꯹꯰,꯱꯱꯰ꯅ ꯂꯣꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯉꯥꯡꯅꯔꯤ ꯀꯨꯝꯖꯥ ꯲꯰꯱꯵ ꯐꯥꯎꯕꯗ ꯫ </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="ꯃꯇꯦꯡ_ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ"><span id=".EA.AF.83.EA.AF.87.EA.AF.A6.EA.AF.A1_.EA.AF.82.EA.AF.A7.EA.AF.94.EA.AF.9B.EA.AF.90.EA.AF.9D"></span>ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%AF%91%EA%AF%95%EA%AF%88%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%93_%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%9F&veaction=edit&section=1" title="ꯁꯦꯝꯒꯠꯄꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ: ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>ꯁꯦꯝꯒꯠꯂꯨ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%AF%91%EA%AF%95%EA%AF%88%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%93_%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%9F&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ"><span>ꯁꯦꯝꯒꯠꯂꯛꯄꯒꯤ ꯍꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type:decimal"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-ethnologue-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-ethnologue_1-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%AF%87%EA%AF%A6%EA%AF%9D%EA%AF%84%EA%AF%AD%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%A6%EA%AF%A0:Ethnologue23&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:Ethnologue23 (ꯂꯃꯥꯏꯗꯨ ꯂꯩꯇꯔꯦ)">ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:Ethnologue23</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Glottolog-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Glottolog_3-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="book" style="font-style:normal"> (2013) "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/abkh1244">Abkhaz</a>", <i>Glottolog</i>. Leipzig: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Glottolog&rft.atitle=Abkhaz&rft.date=2013&rft.pub=Max+Planck+Institute+for+Evolutionary+Anthropology&rft.place=Leipzig"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> </div> <p><br /><span class="error mw-ext-cite-error" lang="mni" dir="ltr">Cite ꯑꯔꯥꯟꯕ: <code><ref></code> tags exist for a group named "lower-alpha", but no corresponding <code><references group="lower-alpha"/></code> tag was found</span> </p> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐587f7d4878‐zcsfv Cached time: 20241120202504 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.152 seconds Real time usage: 0.458 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 2308/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 25223/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 4362/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 17/100 Expensive parser function count: 0/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 1526/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.021/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 1265918/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 178.613 1 -total 94.40% 168.608 1 ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:Infobox_language 77.42% 138.285 1 ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:Infobox 10.55% 18.845 2 ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:Main_other 5.88% 10.496 4 ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:Longitem 5.57% 9.947 1 ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:If_empty 5.26% 9.389 1 ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:Reflist 5.01% 8.945 1 ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:Glottolog 4.43% 7.919 3 ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:Chr 3.46% 6.182 3 ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:Str_len --> <!-- Saved in parser cache with key mniwiki:pcache:idhash:2936-0!canonical!mni and timestamp 20241120202504 and revision id 38054. Rendering was triggered because: page-view --> </div><!--esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> --><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">"<a dir="ltr" href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=ꯑꯕꯈꯥꯓ_ꯂꯣꯟ&oldid=38054">https://mni.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=ꯑꯕꯈꯥꯓ_ꯂꯣꯟ&oldid=38054</a>" ꯃꯐꯝꯗꯨꯗꯒꯤ ꯂꯧꯈꯠꯂꯛꯄꯥ</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/%EA%AF%91%EA%AF%88%EA%AF%9F%EA%AF%85%EA%AF%95:Categories" title="ꯑꯈꯟꯅꯕ:Categories">ꯃꯆꯥꯈꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤꯡ</a>: <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%AF%83%EA%AF%86%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%88%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%8F%EA%AF%95:%EA%AF%83%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%81%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%A1_%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%A9%EA%AF%87%EA%AF%95_%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%9F%EA%AF%92%EA%AF%A4_%EA%AF%8B%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%94%EA%AF%A6%EA%AF%A1%EA%AF%81%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ꯃꯆꯥꯈꯥꯏꯕ:ꯃꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯩꯇꯕ ꯂꯣꯟꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯔꯦꯡꯁꯤꯡ (ꯂꯃꯥꯏꯗꯨ ꯂꯩꯇꯔꯦ)">ꯃꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯩꯇꯕ ꯂꯣꯟꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯔꯦꯡꯁꯤꯡ</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%AF%83%EA%AF%86%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%88%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%8F%EA%AF%95:%EA%AF%91%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%8F%EA%AF%91%EA%AF%A6%EA%AF%81%EA%AF%91%EA%AF%A3_%EA%AF%B6%EA%AF%B3%EA%AF%B9-%EA%AF%B2_%EA%AF%80%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%97_%EA%AF%8C%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%8E%EA%AF%95_%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%9F%EA%AF%81%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ꯃꯆꯥꯈꯥꯏꯕ:ꯑꯥꯏꯑꯦꯁꯑꯣ ꯶꯳꯹-꯲ ꯀꯣꯗ ꯌꯥꯎꯕ ꯂꯣꯟꯁꯤꯡ (ꯂꯃꯥꯏꯗꯨ ꯂꯩꯇꯔꯦ)">ꯑꯥꯏꯑꯦꯁꯑꯣ ꯶꯳꯹-꯲ ꯀꯣꯗ ꯌꯥꯎꯕ ꯂꯣꯟꯁꯤꯡ</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%AF%83%EA%AF%86%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%88%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%8F%EA%AF%95:%EA%AF%91%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%8F%EA%AF%91%EA%AF%A6%EA%AF%81%EA%AF%91%EA%AF%A3_%EA%AF%B6%EA%AF%B3%EA%AF%B9-%EA%AF%B1_%EA%AF%80%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%97_%EA%AF%8C%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%8E%EA%AF%95_%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%9F%EA%AF%81%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ꯃꯆꯥꯈꯥꯏꯕ:ꯑꯥꯏꯑꯦꯁꯑꯣ ꯶꯳꯹-꯱ ꯀꯣꯗ ꯌꯥꯎꯕ ꯂꯣꯟꯁꯤꯡ (ꯂꯃꯥꯏꯗꯨ ꯂꯩꯇꯔꯦ)">ꯑꯥꯏꯑꯦꯁꯑꯣ ꯶꯳꯹-꯱ ꯀꯣꯗ ꯌꯥꯎꯕ ꯂꯣꯟꯁꯤꯡ</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%AF%83%EA%AF%86%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%88%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%8F%EA%AF%95:%EA%AF%8F%EA%AF%8A%EA%AF%85%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%92%EA%AF%87%EA%AF%92%EA%AF%A4_%EA%AF%8D%EA%AF%A6%EA%AF%9F%EA%AF%85%EA%AF%A5_%EA%AF%8D%EA%AF%A7%EA%AF%94%EA%AF%90%EA%AF%9D_%EA%AF%8E%EA%AF%A0%EA%AF%84_%EA%AF%91%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%8F%EA%AF%91%EA%AF%A6%EA%AF%81%EA%AF%91%EA%AF%A3_%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%9F_%EA%AF%8B%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%94%EA%AF%A6%EA%AF%A1%EA%AF%81%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ꯃꯆꯥꯈꯥꯏꯕ:ꯏꯊꯅꯣꯂꯣꯒꯇꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯍꯧꯔꯐꯝ ꯎꯠꯄ ꯑꯥꯏꯑꯦꯁꯑꯣ ꯂꯣꯟ ꯋꯥꯔꯦꯡꯁꯤꯡ (ꯂꯃꯥꯏꯗꯨ ꯂꯩꯇꯔꯦ)">ꯏꯊꯅꯣꯂꯣꯒꯇꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯍꯧꯔꯐꯝ ꯎꯠꯄ ꯑꯥꯏꯑꯦꯁꯑꯣ ꯂꯣꯟ ꯋꯥꯔꯦꯡꯁꯤꯡ</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%EA%AF%83%EA%AF%86%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%88%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%8F%EA%AF%95:%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%9F" title="ꯃꯆꯥꯈꯥꯏꯕ:ꯂꯣꯟ">ꯂꯣꯟ</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%EA%AF%83%EA%AF%86%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%88%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%8F%EA%AF%95:%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%A7%EA%AF%94%EA%AF%9B%EA%AF%84%EA%AF%9D_%EA%AF%91%EA%AF%94%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%9F%EA%AF%95%EA%AF%81%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%A1_%EA%AF%8C%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%8E%EA%AF%95_%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%83%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%8F%EA%AF%81%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%A1" title="ꯃꯆꯥꯈꯥꯏꯕ:ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯄꯝ ꯑꯔꯥꯟꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯥꯎꯕ ꯂꯃꯥꯏꯁꯤꯡ">ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯄꯝ ꯑꯔꯥꯟꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯥꯎꯕ ꯂꯃꯥꯏꯁꯤꯡ</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%AF%83%EA%AF%86%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%88%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%8F%EA%AF%95:Pages_with_reference_errors_that_trigger_visual_diffs&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ꯃꯆꯥꯈꯥꯏꯕ:Pages with reference errors that trigger visual diffs (ꯂꯃꯥꯏꯗꯨ ꯂꯩꯇꯔꯦ)">Pages with reference errors that trigger visual diffs</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> ꯳ ꯅꯣꯚꯦꯝꯕꯔ ꯲꯰꯲꯱ ꯗꯥ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯂꯃꯥꯏꯁꯤ ꯑꯔꯣꯏꯕ ꯁꯦꯝꯒꯠꯈꯤꯕ, ꯱꯲:꯲꯱ ꯗꯥ</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯔꯦꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">ꯀꯔꯤꯌꯦꯇꯤꯚ ꯀꯃꯣꯟꯁ ꯑꯦꯇ꯭ꯔꯤꯕꯨꯁꯟ-ꯁꯦꯌꯥꯔ ꯑꯦꯂꯥꯏꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗ ꯏꯕꯅꯤ</a>; ꯑꯍꯦꯟꯕ ꯄꯣꯠꯂꯝꯁꯤꯡ ꯍꯥꯞꯆꯤꯟꯕ ꯌꯥꯒꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯌꯦꯡꯉꯨ <a class="external text" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use">ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ</a> ꯍꯦꯟꯅ ꯀꯨꯞꯊꯅꯥ ꯫</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">ꯑꯔꯣꯟꯕ ꯊꯧꯔꯥꯡ</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/%EA%AF%8B%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%80%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%84%EA%AF%A6%EA%AF%97%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%8C%EA%AF%A5:%EA%AF%83%EA%AF%94%EA%AF%9D%EA%AF%97">ꯋꯤꯀꯤꯄꯦꯗꯤꯌꯥ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗ</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/%EA%AF%8B%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%80%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%84%EA%AF%A6%EA%AF%97%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%8C%EA%AF%A5:%EA%AF%83%EA%AF%8C%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%9D%EA%AF%92%EA%AF%A4_%EA%AF%91%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%8F%EA%AF%85%EA%AF%A5_%EA%AF%8C%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%85%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%A1%EA%AF%97%EA%AF%95%EA%AF%A5_%EA%AF%90%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%A1%EA%AF%97%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%94%EA%AF%9B%EA%AF%84%EA%AF%A5">ꯌꯥꯅꯤꯡꯗꯕ ꯐꯣꯡꯗꯣꯛꯄꯁꯤꯡ</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">ꯆꯥꯎꯈꯠꯍꯜꯂꯛꯂꯤꯕ</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/mni.wikipedia.org">ꯍꯦꯟꯒꯠꯂꯛꯄ ꯍꯥꯏꯊꯔꯛꯄ ꯌꯦꯡꯅꯕ</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">ꯀꯨꯀꯥꯏ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯠꯃꯦꯟ</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//mni.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%EA%AF%91%EA%AF%95%EA%AF%88%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%93_%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%9F&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">ꯃꯣꯕꯥꯏꯜ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-98vmp","wgBackendResponseTime":166,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.152","walltime":"0.458","ppvisitednodes":{"value":2308,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":25223,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":4362,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":17,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":0,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":1526,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 178.613 1 -total"," 94.40% 168.608 1 ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:Infobox_language"," 77.42% 138.285 1 ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:Infobox"," 10.55% 18.845 2 ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:Main_other"," 5.88% 10.496 4 ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:Longitem"," 5.57% 9.947 1 ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:If_empty"," 5.26% 9.389 1 ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:Reflist"," 5.01% 8.945 1 ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:Glottolog"," 4.43% 7.919 3 ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:Chr"," 3.46% 6.182 3 ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ:Str_len"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.021","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":1265918,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.eqiad.main-587f7d4878-zcsfv","timestamp":"20241120202504","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"\uabd1\uabd5\uabc8\uabe5\uabd3 \uabc2\uabe3\uabdf","url":"https:\/\/mni.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%EA%AF%91%EA%AF%95%EA%AF%88%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%93_%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%9F","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q5111","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q5111","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2021-01-14T03:48:57Z","dateModified":"2021-11-03T06:51:37Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/4\/45\/Abkhaz_language.svg"}</script> </body> </html>