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</div> <div class="pre-content heading-holder"> <div class="page-heading"> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">2020–2021 Thai protests</h1> <div class="tagline"></div> </div> <ul id="p-associated-pages" class="minerva__tab-container"> <li class="minerva__tab selected mw-list-item"> <a class="minerva__tab-text" href="/wiki/2020%E2%80%932021_Thai_protests" rel="" data-event-name="tabs.main">Article</a> </li> <li class="minerva__tab mw-list-item"> <a class="minerva__tab-text" href="/wiki/Talk:2020%E2%80%932021_Thai_protests" rel="discussion" data-event-name="tabs.talk">Talk</a> </li> </ul> <nav class="page-actions-menu"> <ul id="p-views" class="page-actions-menu__list"> <li id="language-selector" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"> <a role="button" href="#p-lang" data-mw="interface" data-event-name="menu.languages" title="Language" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only 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class="content"> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><script>function mfTempOpenSection(id){var block=document.getElementById("mf-section-"+id);block.className+=" open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style>In <a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a>, protests began in early 2020 with demonstrations against the government of Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Prayut_Chan-o-cha" title="Prayut Chan-o-cha">Prayut Chan-o-cha</a>. They later expanded to include the unprecedented demands for reform of the <a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Thailand" title="Monarchy of Thailand">Thai monarchy</a>. The protests were initially triggered by the dissolution of the <a href="/wiki/Future_Forward_Party" title="Future Forward Party">Future Forward Party</a> (FFP) in late February 2020 which was critical of Prayut, the changes to the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Thailand" title="Constitution of Thailand">Thai constitution</a> in 2017, and the country's political landscape that it gave rise to. <table class="infobox vevent" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing: 2px;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above summary" style="background-color:#CEE0F2;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">2020–2021 Thai protests</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="text-align: center; border-bottom: 1px solid #aaa; line-height: 1.5em;"><div style="background-color:#F5F5F5;border-collapse:collapse;border:0px solid white;width:280px;display:table;margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><div style="display:table-row"><div 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/%27%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A3_%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%87_%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%AB%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%B0%27_%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%9A_%27%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%99.jpg/207px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/%27%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A3_%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%87_%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%AB%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%B0%27_%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%9A_%27%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%99.jpg/276px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1668" data-file-height="877"></a></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="infobox-caption" style="padding:0.35em 0.35em 0.25em;line-height:1.25em;">Clockwise from top: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Protesters at the <a href="/wiki/Democracy_Monument" title="Democracy Monument">Democracy Monument</a> in Bangkok on 16 August</li><li>A student protester reading demands on monarchical reform on 3 August.</li><li>Demonstration in <a href="/wiki/Pattani_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Pattani Province">Pattani Province</a> on 2 August.</li><li>Dispersal of protests at Patumwan Intersection on 16 October.</li><li>at <a href="/wiki/Srinakharinwirot_University" title="Srinakharinwirot University">Srinakharinwirot University</a> <a href="/wiki/Ongkharak_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Ongkharak District">Ongkharak</a> Campus in <a href="/wiki/Nakhon_Nayok_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Nakhon Nayok Province">Nakhon Nayok</a> in February.</li></ul></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Date</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>Phase 1: February 2020 (2020-02)</li> <li>Phase 2: July 2020 (2020-07) – December 2020 (2020-12)</li> <li>Phase 3: February 2021 (2021-02) – April 2021 (2021-04)</li> <li>Phase 4: May 2021 (2021-05) – December 2021 (2021-12)</li></ul> </div><a href="#cite_note-3">[a]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Location</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="display:inline;" class="location"><a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a>, including some overseas protests</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Caused by</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"> <ul><li>Expansion of <a href="/wiki/Royal_prerogative" title="Royal prerogative">royal prerogative</a> and <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A8se_majest%C3%A9_in_Thailand" class="mw-redirect" title="Lèse majesté in Thailand">lèse majesté</a></li> <li>Democratic and economic regression since <a href="/wiki/2014_Thai_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="2014 Thai coup d'état">2014 Thai coup d'état</a></li> <li>Dissolution of the pro-democracy <a href="/wiki/Future_Forward_Party" title="Future Forward Party">Future Forward Party</a></li> <li>Distrust in the <a href="/wiki/2019_Thai_general_election" title="2019 Thai general election">2019 general election</a> and the current political system, <a href="/wiki/Illiberal_democracy" title="Illiberal democracy">competitive authoritarianism and illiberal democracy</a></li> <li>Forced disappearance and deaths of political activists, including <a href="/wiki/Wanchalearm_Satsaksit" title="Wanchalearm Satsaksit">Wanchalearm Satsaksit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corruption_in_Thailand" title="Corruption in Thailand">Political corruption scandals</a>, including <a href="/wiki/Network_monarchy" title="Network monarchy">Network monarchy</a> and <a href="/wiki/1MDB" class="mw-redirect" title="1MDB">1MDB</a><a href="#cite_note-bbc32-4">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-5">[4]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equality_before_the_law" title="Equality before the law">legal inequality</a> and <a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Thailand" title="Human rights in Thailand">human rights abuses</a></li> <li>Economic impact of <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Thailand" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Thailand">COVID-19 pandemic</a> and government response</li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_rights_in_Thailand" title="LGBTQ rights in Thailand">LGBTQ discrimination</a></li> <li>Dissatisfaction with <a href="/wiki/Education_in_Thailand" title="Education in Thailand">education system</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Goals</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"> <ul><li>Dissolution of the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Representatives_(Thailand)" title="House of Representatives (Thailand)">House</a> and fresh legislative elections</li> <li>Drafting a new constitution <ul><li>Abolition of the military-appointed <a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Thailand" title="Senate of Thailand">Senate</a></li></ul></li> <li>Restriction of royal prerogative and abolition of lèse majesté laws</li> <li>Increasing civil, economic and political rights</li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Methods</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Demonstration_(political)" class="mw-redirect" title="Demonstration (political)">Demonstrations</a>,<a href="#cite_note-7">[b]</a> <a href="/wiki/Sit-in" title="Sit-in">sit-ins</a>, <a href="/wiki/Flash_mob" title="Flash mob">flash mob</a>, <a href="/wiki/Online_activism" class="mw-redirect" title="Online activism">online activism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Petition" title="Petition">petition</a>, <a href="/wiki/Protest_art" title="Protest art">protest art</a>, <a href="/wiki/Consumer_activism" title="Consumer activism">consumer activism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hunger_strike" title="Hunger strike">hunger strike</a>, <a href="/wiki/Self-harm" title="Self-harm">self-harm</a>, <a href="/wiki/Popular_initiative" title="Popular initiative">initiative campaign</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Resulted in</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">Protesters dispersed <ul><li>"Severe" <a href="/wiki/State_of_emergency" title="State of emergency">state of emergency</a> declared in Bangkok from 15–22 October 2020</li> <li>Protesters' demands, including calls for constitutional amendment, failed.</li> <li>Constitutional Court rules that proposing reform of the monarchy is unconstitutional and amounts to acting to overthrow it<a href="#cite_note-8">[6]</a></li> <li>Suppression and surveillance of key protesters.</li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#CEE0F2;">Parties</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><table style="width:100%; border-spacing:0; margin:0; text-align:left; display:inline-table;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="width:50%;"><div> Protesters and organisations: (no centralised leadership) <ul><li>Khana Ratsadon 2563</li> <li>Free People (from Free Youth)</li> <li>Democracy Restoration Group</li> <li>Student Union of Thailand</li> <li>Free Thoey</li> <li>Campaigning Group for Constitution of the People</li> <li>National Labour Assembly</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assembly_of_the_Poor" title="Assembly of the Poor">Assembly of the Poor</a></li> <li>Labour Network for People's Rights</li> <li>Vocational College Protection of Democracy of Thailand</li> <li>'Bad Students' Group</li> <li>Progressive Reds 63</li> <li>REDEM</li></ul></div></td> <td style="width:50%; padding-left:0.25em; border-left:1px dotted #aaa"><div> <a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand"><img alt="Thailand" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/23px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/35px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/45px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></a> Authorities: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Thailand" title="Prime Minister of Thailand"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Seal_of_the_Office_of_the_Prime_Minister_of_Thailand.svg/22px-Seal_of_the_Office_of_the_Prime_Minister_of_Thailand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Seal_of_the_Office_of_the_Prime_Minister_of_Thailand.svg/33px-Seal_of_the_Office_of_the_Prime_Minister_of_Thailand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Seal_of_the_Office_of_the_Prime_Minister_of_Thailand.svg/44px-Seal_of_the_Office_of_the_Prime_Minister_of_Thailand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500"></a> <a href="/wiki/Second_Prayut_cabinet" title="Second Prayut cabinet">Government</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Flag_of_the_Royal_Thai_Armed_Forces_HQ.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Royal_Thai_Armed_Forces_HQ.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Flag_of_the_Royal_Thai_Armed_Forces_HQ.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Royal_Thai_Armed_Forces_HQ.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Flag_of_the_Royal_Thai_Armed_Forces_HQ.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Royal_Thai_Armed_Forces_HQ.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="9000" data-file-height="6000"> <a href="/wiki/Royal_Thai_Armed_Forces" title="Royal Thai Armed Forces">Royal Thai Armed Forces</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Internal_Security_Operations_Command" title="Internal Security Operations Command">ISOC</a></li></ul></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Thai_National_Police_Flag.svg/23px-Thai_National_Police_Flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Thai_National_Police_Flag.svg/35px-Thai_National_Police_Flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Thai_National_Police_Flag.svg/45px-Thai_National_Police_Flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"> <a href="/wiki/Royal_Thai_Police" title="Royal Thai Police">Royal Thai Police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_Parliament_of_Thailand.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Seal_of_the_Parliament_of_Thailand.svg/22px-Seal_of_the_Parliament_of_Thailand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Seal_of_the_Parliament_of_Thailand.svg/33px-Seal_of_the_Parliament_of_Thailand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Seal_of_the_Parliament_of_Thailand.svg/44px-Seal_of_the_Parliament_of_Thailand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500"></a> <a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Thailand" title="Senate of Thailand">Senate</a></li></ul> Pro-government citizens: including many unidentified groups who dressed in yellow.<a href="#cite_note-9">[c]</a> <div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>See full list</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <ul><li>Thai Citizens who Love and Revere the Monarchy Group</li> <li>Vocational [students] Help the Nation<a href="#cite_note-10">[d]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rubbish_Collection_Organization" title="Rubbish Collection Organization">Rubbish Collection Organization</a></li> <li>Coordination Center of Vocational Students for the Protection of National Institutions (CVPI)</li> <li>Loyal Thai (Thai Pakdee)</li></ul> </li></ul> </div> <hr> Supported by: <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/King%27s_Standard_of_Thailand.svg/25px-King%27s_Standard_of_Thailand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/King%27s_Standard_of_Thailand.svg/38px-King%27s_Standard_of_Thailand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/King%27s_Standard_of_Thailand.svg/50px-King%27s_Standard_of_Thailand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="6000"> <a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Thailand" title="Monarchy of Thailand">Monarchy</a><a href="#cite_note-11">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-12">[8]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:ThaiConCourt-Seal-002.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/ThaiConCourt-Seal-002.jpg/22px-ThaiConCourt-Seal-002.jpg" decoding="async" width="22" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/ThaiConCourt-Seal-002.jpg/33px-ThaiConCourt-Seal-002.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/ThaiConCourt-Seal-002.jpg/44px-ThaiConCourt-Seal-002.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1792" data-file-height="1822"></a> <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Court_of_Thailand" title="Constitutional Court of Thailand">Constitutional Court</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Flag_of_Bangkok.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bangkok.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Flag_of_Bangkok.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bangkok.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Flag_of_Bangkok.svg/45px-Flag_of_Bangkok.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"> <a href="/wiki/Bangkok_Metropolitan_Administration" title="Bangkok Metropolitan Administration">BMA</a></li></ul></div></td> </tr> </tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#CEE0F2;">Lead figures</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244901718">.mw-parser-output .infobox-columns{display:flex}.mw-parser-output .infobox .infobox-columns-text-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .infobox-columns>div{box-sizing:border-box;width:50%;padding:2px}.mw-parser-output .infobox-columns-3>div{width:33.33%}.mw-parser-output .infobox-columns-4>div{width:25%}.mw-parser-output .infobox-columns>div:not(:first-child){border-left:1px dotted #aaa;padding-left:5px}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist infobox-columns infobox-columns-2 infobox-columns-text-left"> <div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arnon_Nampa" title="Arnon Nampa">Arnon Nampa</a><a href="#cite_note-bangkokbiznews-13">[9]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panupong_Jadnok" title="Panupong Jadnok">Panupong Jadnok</a><a href="#cite_note-bangkokbiznews-13">[9]</a> <a href="/wiki/Parit_Chiwarak" title="Parit Chiwarak">Parit Chiwarak</a><a href="#cite_note-14">[10]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jatupat_Boonpattararaksa" title="Jatupat Boonpattararaksa">Jatupat Boonpattararaksa</a><a href="#cite_note-Arrests_heighten_rally_concerns-15">[11]</a> <a href="/wiki/Panusaya_Sithijirawattanakul" title="Panusaya Sithijirawattanakul">Panusaya Sithijirawattanakul</a><a href="#cite_note-16">[12]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benja_Apan" title="Benja Apan">Benja Apan</a><a href="#cite_note-17">[13]</a></li></ul> </div> </div> <div> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Flag_of_the_Prime_Minister_of_Thailand.svg/18px-Flag_of_the_Prime_Minister_of_Thailand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Flag_of_the_Prime_Minister_of_Thailand.svg/28px-Flag_of_the_Prime_Minister_of_Thailand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Flag_of_the_Prime_Minister_of_Thailand.svg/36px-Flag_of_the_Prime_Minister_of_Thailand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="3600" data-file-height="3000"> <a href="/wiki/Prayut_Chan-o-cha" title="Prayut Chan-o-cha">Prayut Chan-o-cha</a> <a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_Office_of_the_Prime_Minister_of_Thailand.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Seal_of_the_Office_of_the_Prime_Minister_of_Thailand.svg/22px-Seal_of_the_Office_of_the_Prime_Minister_of_Thailand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Seal_of_the_Office_of_the_Prime_Minister_of_Thailand.svg/33px-Seal_of_the_Office_of_the_Prime_Minister_of_Thailand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Seal_of_the_Office_of_the_Prime_Minister_of_Thailand.svg/44px-Seal_of_the_Office_of_the_Prime_Minister_of_Thailand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500"></a> <a href="/wiki/Prawit_Wongsuwan" class="mw-redirect" title="Prawit Wongsuwan">Prawit Wongsuwan</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_for_Commander-in-Chief_of_the_Royal_Thai_Army.svg/23px-Flag_for_Commander-in-Chief_of_the_Royal_Thai_Army.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_for_Commander-in-Chief_of_the_Royal_Thai_Army.svg/35px-Flag_for_Commander-in-Chief_of_the_Royal_Thai_Army.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_for_Commander-in-Chief_of_the_Royal_Thai_Army.svg/45px-Flag_for_Commander-in-Chief_of_the_Royal_Thai_Army.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="9000" data-file-height="6000"> <a href="/wiki/Apirat_Kongsompong" title="Apirat Kongsompong">Apirat Kongsompong</a> (until 30 September 2020) <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_for_Commander-in-Chief_of_the_Royal_Thai_Army.svg/23px-Flag_for_Commander-in-Chief_of_the_Royal_Thai_Army.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_for_Commander-in-Chief_of_the_Royal_Thai_Army.svg/35px-Flag_for_Commander-in-Chief_of_the_Royal_Thai_Army.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_for_Commander-in-Chief_of_the_Royal_Thai_Army.svg/45px-Flag_for_Commander-in-Chief_of_the_Royal_Thai_Army.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="9000" data-file-height="6000"> Narongpan Jitkaewthae (from 1 October 2020) <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Thai_National_Police_Flag.svg/23px-Thai_National_Police_Flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Thai_National_Police_Flag.svg/35px-Thai_National_Police_Flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Thai_National_Police_Flag.svg/45px-Thai_National_Police_Flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"> <a href="/wiki/Chakthip_Chaijinda" title="Chakthip Chaijinda">Chakthip Chaijinda</a> (until 30 September 2020) <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Thai_National_Police_Flag.svg/23px-Thai_National_Police_Flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Thai_National_Police_Flag.svg/35px-Thai_National_Police_Flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Thai_National_Police_Flag.svg/45px-Thai_National_Police_Flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"> <a href="/wiki/Suwat_Jangyodsuk" title="Suwat Jangyodsuk">Suwat Jangyodsuk</a> (from 1 October 2020) </div> </div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#CEE0F2;">Number</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><table style="width:100%; border-spacing:0; margin:0; text-align:left; display:inline-table;"><tbody><tr> <td style="width:50%;"><div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>18 July 2020:</li> <li>2,500</li> <li>16 August 2020:</li> <li>20,000–25,000</li> <li>19 September 2020:</li> <li>20,000–100,000</li> <li>October 2021:</li> <li>3,000</li></ul> </div></div></td> <td style="width:50%; padding-left:0.25em; border-left:1px dotted #aaa"><div> </div></td> </tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#CEE0F2;">Casualties</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Death(s)</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">4 (1 policeman,<a href="#cite_note-18">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-19">[e]</a> 3 protesters)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Injuries</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">154+<a href="#cite_note-29">[f]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Arrested</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">581+<a href="#cite_note-arrest-41">[g]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Criminal_charge" title="Criminal charge">Charged</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">1,634+<a href="#cite_note-42">[35]</a></td></tr></tbody></table> This first wave of protests was held exclusively on academic campuses and was brought to a halt by the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Thailand" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Thailand">COVID-19 pandemic</a>. Protests resumed on 18 July 2020 with a large demonstration organised under the Free Youth umbrella at the <a href="/wiki/Democracy_Monument" title="Democracy Monument">Democracy Monument</a> in <a href="/wiki/Bangkok" title="Bangkok">Bangkok</a>. Three demands were presented to the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Thailand" title="Government of Thailand">Government of Thailand</a>: the <a href="/wiki/Dissolution_of_parliament" title="Dissolution of parliament">dissolution of parliament</a>, ending intimidation of the people, and the drafting of a new constitution. The July protests were triggered by the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and enforcement of the lockdown Emergency Decree and spread nationwide. The protesters were mostly students and young people without an overall leader.<a href="#cite_note-43">[36]</a> On 3 August, two student groups publicly raised demands to reform the monarchy, breaking a long taboo of publicly criticising the monarchy. A week later, ten demands for monarchy reform were declared. A 19 September rally saw 20,000–100,000 protesters and has been described as an open challenge to <a href="/wiki/Vajiralongkorn" title="Vajiralongkorn">King Vajiralongkorn</a>. A government decision to delay voting on a constitutional amendment in late September fuelled nearly unprecedented public republican sentiment.<a href="#cite_note-44">[h]</a> Following mass protests on 14 October, a "severe" <a href="/wiki/State_of_emergency" title="State of emergency">state of emergency</a> was declared in Bangkok during 15–22 October citing the alleged blocking of a royal motorcade. During this period saw the first crackdown by police on 16 October using <a href="/wiki/Water_cannon" title="Water cannon">water cannons</a>. In November, the Parliament voted to pass two constitutional amendment bills, but their content effectively shut down the protesters' demands of abolishing the Senate and reformation of the monarchy. Clashes between the protesters and the police and royalists became more prevalent, and resulted in many injuries. Protests in 2021 were more sporadic compared to the previous year, with prominent protesters facing charges and the police using harsher tactics. The first protester died in October 2021, with the video showing that he was shot with live rounds by a person inside a police station.<a href="#cite_note-warit-45">[37]</a> Government responses included filing criminal charges using the Emergency Decree; arbitrary detention and police intimidation; delaying tactics; the deployment of <a href="/wiki/Internal_Security_Operations_Command" title="Internal Security Operations Command">military information warfare units</a>; media censorship; the mobilisation of pro-government and royalist groups who have accused the protesters of receiving support from foreign governments or <a href="/wiki/Non-governmental_organization" title="Non-governmental organization">non-governmental organizations</a> (NGOs) as part of a global conspiracy against Thailand; and the deployment of thousands of police at protests. The government ordered university chancellors to prevent students from demanding reforms to the monarchy and to identify student protest leaders. Protests since October, when the King had returned to the country from Germany,<a href="#cite_note-bengali_16102020-46">[38]</a> resulted in the deployment of the military, riot police, and mass arrests. In November 2021, the <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Court_of_Thailand" title="Constitutional Court of Thailand">Constitutional Court</a> ruled that demands for reform of the monarchy were unconstitutional and ordered an end to all movements. The ruling has been likened to <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Coup" class="mw-redirect" title="Constitutional Coup">judicial coup</a>.<a href="#cite_note-guardiannovember-47">[39]</a> By the end of 2021, the leading figures <a href="/wiki/Arnon_Nampa" title="Arnon Nampa">Arnon Nampa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Panupong_Jadnok" title="Panupong Jadnok">Panupong Jadnok</a>, <a href="/wiki/Parit_Chiwarak" title="Parit Chiwarak">Parit Chiwarak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jatupat_Boonpattararaksa" title="Jatupat Boonpattararaksa">Jatupat Boonpattararaksa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Panusaya_Sithijirawattanakul" title="Panusaya Sithijirawattanakul">Panusaya Sithijirawattanakul</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Benja_Apan" title="Benja Apan">Benja Apan</a> were all detained awaiting trial in series of <a href="/wiki/Arbitrary_arrest_and_detention" title="Arbitrary arrest and detention">detainments and releases</a>, some were imprisoned accumulatively for more than 200 days since 2020, after Prayut declared the use of all laws, including <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A8se-majest%C3%A9_in_Thailand" title="Lèse-majesté in Thailand">lèse-majesté</a>, against the protesters. By 2022, street protests largely died down due to government suppression and internal divisions, without any demands responded, although small-scale and online activism continued. <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Background">1 Background</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-2"><a href="#Direct_causes">1.1 Direct causes</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="#Underlying_causes">1.2 Underlying causes</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#Concurrent_developments">1.3 Concurrent developments</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="#First_wave_(February_2020)">2 First wave (February 2020)</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="#Hashtags">2.1 Hashtags</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="#Second_wave_(July_2020_%E2%80%93_December_2020)">3 Second wave (July 2020 – December 2020)</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"><a href="#Protests_under_Three_Demands">3.1 Protests under Three Demands</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9"><a href="#Further_demands_of_monarchy_reform_and_subsequent_protests">3.2 Further demands of monarchy reform and subsequent protests</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10"><a href="#Formal_submission_of_demands_and_responses">3.3 Formal submission of demands and responses</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-11"><a href="#Strengthened_emergency_powers">3.4 Strengthened emergency powers</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-12"><a href="#Further_anti-royal_protests">3.5 Further anti-royal protests</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-13"><a href="#Third_wave_(February_2021_%E2%80%93_April_2021)">4 Third wave (February 2021 – April 2021)</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-14"><a href="#Fourth_wave_(May_2021_%E2%80%93_November_2021)">5 Fourth wave (May 2021 – November 2021)</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-15"><a href="#Financing">6 Financing</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-16"><a href="#Reactions">7 Reactions</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-17"><a href="#State_response_and_arrests">7.1 State response and arrests</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-18"><a href="#The_Constitutional_Court_verdict">7.1.1 The Constitutional Court verdict</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-19"><a href="#The_King's_position">7.2 The King's position</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-20"><a href="#Support">7.3 Support</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-21"><a href="#Opposition">7.4 Opposition</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-22"><a href="#Polls">7.5 Polls</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-23"><a href="#Analysis">8 Analysis</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-24"><a href="#Protestor_tactics_and_demands">8.1 Protestor tactics and demands</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-25"><a href="#Possibility_of_a_coup">8.2 Possibility of a coup</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-26"><a href="#Economic_impact">8.3 Economic impact</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-27"><a href="#%22Judicial_Coup%22_by_the_Constitutional_Court">8.4 "Judicial Coup" by the Constitutional Court</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-28"><a href="#See_also">9 See also</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-29"><a href="#Explanatory_notes">10 Explanatory notes</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-30"><a href="#References">11 References</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-31"><a href="#External_links">12 External links</a></li> </ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2></div><section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:General_Prayut_Chan-o-cha_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/General_Prayut_Chan-o-cha_%28cropped%29.jpg/150px-General_Prayut_Chan-o-cha_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="186" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="331" data-file-height="410"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 150px;height: 186px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/General_Prayut_Chan-o-cha_%28cropped%29.jpg/150px-General_Prayut_Chan-o-cha_%28cropped%29.jpg" data-width="150" data-height="186" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/General_Prayut_Chan-o-cha_%28cropped%29.jpg/225px-General_Prayut_Chan-o-cha_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/General_Prayut_Chan-o-cha_%28cropped%29.jpg/300px-General_Prayut_Chan-o-cha_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Resignation of <a href="/wiki/Prayut_Chan-o-cha" title="Prayut Chan-o-cha">Prayut Chan-o-cha</a>, leader of the ruling government, is a main goal of the protests.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:King_Rama_X_on_the_royal_palaquin,_5_May_2019_(2).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/King_Rama_X_on_the_royal_palaquin%2C_5_May_2019_%282%29.jpg/150px-King_Rama_X_on_the_royal_palaquin%2C_5_May_2019_%282%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="225" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="472" data-file-height="709"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 150px;height: 225px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/King_Rama_X_on_the_royal_palaquin%2C_5_May_2019_%282%29.jpg/150px-King_Rama_X_on_the_royal_palaquin%2C_5_May_2019_%282%29.jpg" data-width="150" data-height="225" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/King_Rama_X_on_the_royal_palaquin%2C_5_May_2019_%282%29.jpg/225px-King_Rama_X_on_the_royal_palaquin%2C_5_May_2019_%282%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/King_Rama_X_on_the_royal_palaquin%2C_5_May_2019_%282%29.jpg/300px-King_Rama_X_on_the_royal_palaquin%2C_5_May_2019_%282%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Vajiralongkorn" title="Vajiralongkorn">Vajiralongkorn</a> (Rama X), <a href="/wiki/King_of_Thailand" class="mw-redirect" title="King of Thailand">King of Thailand</a>; the reform of the monarchy is another goal of the protest.</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1246091330">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.2em;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border-collapse:collapse;display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:table!important;float:right!important;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em!important}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-subgroup{width:100%;margin:0;border-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-none{float:none;clear:both;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-outer-title{padding:0 0.4em 0.2em;font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-image{padding:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-caption,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-caption{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle{padding:0.4em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.2em 0.8em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-image{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-heading{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content{padding:0 0.5em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Direct_causes">Direct causes</h3></div> Over the previous 90 years in Thailand, elected governments have frequently been overthrown by military <a href="/wiki/Coup" class="mw-redirect" title="Coup">coups</a>.<a href="#cite_note-paddock_21102020-48">[40]</a> Thirteen successful coups have occurred since the end of <a href="/wiki/Absolute_monarchy" title="Absolute monarchy">absolute monarchy</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Siamese_revolution_of_1932" title="Siamese revolution of 1932">revolution of 1932</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ratclifffe_13102020-49">[41]</a> As head of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Thai_Army" title="Royal Thai Army">Royal Thai Army</a>, Prayut Chan-o-cha instigated the most recent <a href="/wiki/2014_Thai_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="2014 Thai coup d'état">coup</a> in 2014, and was leader of the <a href="/wiki/National_Council_for_Peace_and_Order" title="National Council for Peace and Order">National Council for Peace and Order</a> (NCPO), the <a href="/wiki/Military_junta" title="Military junta">military junta</a> which came to power following the coup. Prayut was eventually appointed <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Thailand" title="Prime Minister of Thailand">prime minister</a> and, together with the NCPO, ruled the country for five years, during which political and civil rights were restricted and economic inequality widened.<a href="#cite_note-50">[42]</a><a href="#cite_note-51">[43]</a> A <a href="/wiki/2016_Thai_constitutional_referendum" title="2016 Thai constitutional referendum">disputed referendum</a>, widely called unfree and unfair,<a href="#cite_note-52">[44]</a> was held in 2016 to approve a <a href="/wiki/2017_constitution_of_Thailand" class="mw-redirect" title="2017 constitution of Thailand">new military-drafted constitution</a>. Analysts have described the new constitution as favouring the military and disadvantaging large political parties.<a href="#cite_note-53">[45]</a> It includes a junta-appointed Senate, empowered to vote for the prime minister for five years, allowing the military to select two prime ministers in the future,<a href="#cite_note-:02-54">[46]</a> and binds future governments to a 20-year national strategy 'road map' laid down the NCPO, effectively locking the country into the period of <a href="/wiki/Guided_democracy" title="Guided democracy">military-guided democracy</a> with a much reduced role for politicians at both national and local levels.<a href="#cite_note-55">[47]</a> Prayut's supporters make up a majority of parliament.<a href="#cite_note-56">[48]</a> The <a href="/wiki/2019_Thai_general_election" title="2019 Thai general election">2019 Thai general election</a>, which was considered "partly free and not fair" and an example of <a href="/wiki/Electoral_authoritarianism" class="mw-redirect" title="Electoral authoritarianism">electoral authoritarianism</a>, was described as a 'political ritual'<a href="#cite_note-:02-54">[46]</a> that nominally brought an end to the NCPO. The political system was continued with the formation of a new civil-military party, <a href="/wiki/Palang_Pracharath_Party" title="Palang Pracharath Party">Palang Pracharat Party</a>, which continued the NCPO's policies and orders in a form of <a href="/wiki/Competitive_authoritarianism" class="mw-redirect" title="Competitive authoritarianism">competitive authoritarianism</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:02-54">[46]</a> The coalition government is composed of pro-Prayut camps and smaller parties who benefited from multiple technical interpretations of the election law by a military-controlled Election Commission, including a 44-day hiatus while the election laws were reinterpreted to pave way for a coalition with the state military party at the helm.<a href="#cite_note-57">[49]</a><a href="#cite_note-58">[50]</a><a href="#cite_note-59">[51]</a> Via NCPO mechanisms, Prayut has appointed allies to the <a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Thailand" title="Senate of Thailand">Senate</a>, <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Court_of_Thailand" title="Constitutional Court of Thailand">Constitutional Court</a>, various <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_organizations_of_Thailand" title="Constitutional organizations of Thailand">Constitutional organizations</a>, including the <a href="/wiki/Election_Commission_of_Thailand" title="Election Commission of Thailand">Election Commission</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/National_Anti-Corruption_Commission_(Thailand)" title="National Anti-Corruption Commission (Thailand)">National Anti-Corruption Commission</a><a href="#cite_note-:02-54">[46]</a> as well as officials at the <a href="/wiki/Organization_of_the_government_of_Thailand" title="Organization of the government of Thailand">local government</a> level. Substantively amending the Constitution is almost impossible as it would require both Senate support and a referendum.<a href="#cite_note-60">[52]</a> Numerous generals, as well as people with historical links to <a href="/wiki/Organized_crime" title="Organized crime">organized crime</a> (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Thamanat_Prompow" title="Thamanat Prompow">Thammanat Prompao</a><a href="#cite_note-61">[53]</a>), hold key ministerial positions in Second Prayut Cabinet.<a href="#cite_note-:02-54">[46]</a><a href="#cite_note-:0-62">[54]</a><a href="#cite_note-:1-63">[55]</a> During the 2019 general election, the <a href="/wiki/Future_Forward_Party" title="Future Forward Party">FFP</a> was received well by progressives and youths, who viewed it as an alternative to traditional political parties and as against the NCPO,<a href="#cite_note-64">[56]</a> revealing a socio-political <a href="/wiki/Cleavage_(politics)" title="Cleavage (politics)">cleavage</a> along generational lines,<a href="#cite_note-:02-54">[46]</a> i.e., between Thai youth and the ruling Thai <a href="/wiki/Gerontocracy" title="Gerontocracy">gerontocracy</a>. The party won the third-largest share of parliamentary seats.<a href="#cite_note-:12-65">[57]</a> After eleven months of the coalition, an opposition FFP became short-lived when it was dissolved by the Constitutional Court, as the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Representatives_(Thailand)" title="House of Representatives (Thailand)">House of Representatives</a> about to debate on <a href="/wiki/Motion_of_no_confidence" title="Motion of no confidence">motion of no confidence</a>.<a href="#cite_note-66">[58]</a> Former FFP members stressed the regime's corruption and were active in exposing the junta's involvement in the <a href="/wiki/1MDB_scandal" class="mw-redirect" title="1MDB scandal">1MDB scandal</a>.<a href="#cite_note-bbc32-4">[3]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Underlying_causes">Underlying causes</h3></div> Further sources of grievance, many of which the FFP championed, include <a href="/wiki/Abortion-rights_movements" class="mw-redirect" title="Abortion-rights movements">abortion rights</a>; authoritarianism in Thai schools (including <a href="/wiki/Hazing" title="Hazing">hazing</a>); education reform; <a href="/wiki/Labor_rights" title="Labor rights">labour rights</a> (trade unionism); military reform (e.g., ending <a href="/wiki/Conscription" title="Conscription">conscription</a> and reducing the defense budget, including the purchase of submarines<a href="#cite_note-67">[59]</a>), <a href="/wiki/Monopoly" title="Monopoly">monopolies</a> (e.g., alcohol), and women's rights.<a href="#cite_note-:2-68">[60]</a> Criticism of the monarchy was quite rare during the 70-year reign of King <a href="/wiki/Bhumibol_Adulyadej" title="Bhumibol Adulyadej">Bhumibol Adulyadej</a>, which ended in 2016.<a href="#cite_note-reuters_10082020-69">[61]</a> After the period of decreased status of the monarchy during <a href="/wiki/Khana_Ratsadon" title="Khana Ratsadon">Khana Ratsadon</a> era, he restored influence and respect to the throne, which helped define the modern Thai political landscape.<a href="#cite_note-solomon_26102020-70">[62]</a> Since assuming the throne, King <a href="/wiki/Vajiralongkorn" title="Vajiralongkorn">Vajiralongkorn</a> has intervened publicly in Thai political affairs. The King voiced his opinion on the Constitution in 2017, leading to an amendment on the power of the monarchy in the version that had already been accepted in the <a href="/wiki/2016_Thai_constitutional_referendum" title="2016 Thai constitutional referendum">2016 constitutional referendum</a>.<a href="#cite_note-reuters_13012017-71">[63]</a> He became one of the world's richest monarchs in 2018, when he was granted personal ownership of royal assets from the <a href="/wiki/Crown_Property_Bureau" title="Crown Property Bureau">Crown Property Bureau</a> (CPB), valued at approximately US$40 billion, which was formerly legally considered publicly owned.<a href="#cite_note-kings_money_ft-72">[64]</a> He has also consolidated the <a href="/wiki/Privy_Council_of_Thailand" title="Privy Council of Thailand">Privy Council</a>, Office of the Royal Household and Royal Security Office into a single personal office;<a href="#cite_note-:9-73">[65]</a> in 2020, the government transferred two army units to his personal command,<a href="#cite_note-74">[66]</a> giving military control to the monarchy which was unprecedented in modern Thailand.<a href="#cite_note-75">[67]</a> The Royal Office's budget for 2020 was US$290 million, more than double its budget from 2018.<a href="#cite_note-kings_money_ft-72">[64]</a> On the eve of the 2019 election, Vajiralongkorn issued a royal announcement urging people to vote for "good people" (<a href="/wiki/Thai_language" title="Thai language">Thai</a>: คนดี; <a href="/wiki/Royal_Thai_General_System_of_Transcription" title="Royal Thai General System of Transcription">RTGS</a>: khon di; i.e., the junta parties), which was re-broadcast the following morning, in an "unprecedented intervention by the palace".<a href="#cite_note-:1-63">[55]</a>:97 This sparked a massive, immediate, negative reaction on Twitter by Thai youth, using the hashtag "We are grown-ups and can choose for ourselves" (<a href="/wiki/Thai_language" title="Thai language">Thai</a>: โตแล้วเลือกเองได้; <a href="/wiki/Royal_Thai_General_System_of_Transcription" title="Royal Thai General System of Transcription">RTGS</a>: to laeo lueak eng dai).<a href="#cite_note-76">[68]</a><a href="#cite_note-:1-63">[55]</a> Following the election, on 19 July 2019, when the new cabinet was sworn in, they pledged their allegiance to the monarchy, but left out an oath to the constitution, and despite protests, did not correct what was widely seen as a serious breach of the traditional <a href="/wiki/Oath_of_office" title="Oath of office">oath of office</a> and a tacit admission of the increasingly absolutist nature of the Thai monarchy.<a href="#cite_note-:0-62">[54]</a> Subsequently, in a ceremony on 27 August, each minister was presented with a framed message of support from the King.<a href="#cite_note-:0-62">[54]</a> He has also been accused of rewriting history as monuments associated with Khana Ratsadon and the revolution of 1932 were demolished.<a href="#cite_note-:0-62">[54]</a> Vajiralongkorn resides most of the time in the state of <a href="/wiki/Bavaria" title="Bavaria">Bavaria</a>, Germany.<a href="#cite_note-kings_money_ft-72">[64]</a><a href="#cite_note-saudelli_16102020-77">[69]</a> At his request, the Thai constitution was amended to remove the requirement that a <a href="/wiki/Regent" title="Regent">regent</a> needed to be appointed. According to the German foreign ministry, the Thai ambassador has been told multiple times that Germany opposes "having guests in our country who run their state affairs from here."<a href="#cite_note-saudelli_16102020-77">[69]</a> The implementation of the <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A8se_majest%C3%A9_in_Thailand" class="mw-redirect" title="Lèse majesté in Thailand">Thai lèse majesté law</a> has been controversial since Bhumibol's reign. The number of cases peaked to an unprecedented scale after 2014 coup.<a href="#cite_note-2014highest-78">[70]</a> Critics viewed it as a political weapon to suppress dissent and restrict <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_speech_in_Thailand" class="mw-redirect" title="Freedom of speech in Thailand">freedom of speech</a>. Even though there have been no new cases since 2018, as Prayut said was the wish of King Vajiralongkorn, other security laws had been invoked in its place, such as the <a href="/wiki/Sedition" title="Sedition">sedition</a> law, the Computer Crime Act, or the offense of being a member of an <a href="/wiki/Organized_crime" title="Organized crime">organized crime</a> group (อั้งยี่), all of which incur comparably severe punishment, and has been using this law as a political manipulation tool.<a href="#cite_note-79">[71]</a> In June 2020, the forced disappearance of <a href="/wiki/Wanchalearm_Satsaksit" title="Wanchalearm Satsaksit">Wanchalearm Satsaksit</a>, assumed to be related to accusations of lèse majesté, gained online attention and sympathy.<a href="#cite_note-80">[72]</a> In July 2020, <a href="/wiki/Tiwagorn_Withiton" title="Tiwagorn Withiton">Tiwagorn Withiton</a>, who wore a shirt with the slogan "I lost faith in the monarchy", was subjected to <a href="/wiki/Political_abuse_of_psychiatry" title="Political abuse of psychiatry">political psychiatry</a>.<a href="#cite_note-81">[73]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Concurrent_developments">Concurrent developments</h3></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Thailand" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Thailand">COVID-19 pandemic in Thailand</a></div> The government invoked the Emergency Decree on 26 March and issued a COVID-19 related curfew on 3 April in order to limit the spread of the virus.<a href="#cite_note-82">[74]</a><a href="#cite_note-83">[75]</a> The government additionally issued a travel ban for all foreigners entering Thailand. International rights groups have criticized the emergency decree being employed to suppress free speech.<a href="#cite_note-84">[76]</a> Even though the country has a relatively successful response, as of July 2020, contributed by its robust <a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Thailand" title="Healthcare in Thailand">public health infrastructure</a>,<a href="#cite_note-85">[77]</a><a href="#cite_note-86">[78]</a> the state of emergency and the severe economic restriction has not been cancelled.<a href="#cite_note-87">[79]</a><a href="#cite_note-89">[i]</a> The country's significant tourism industry has been heavily affected, leaving Thailand with its worst economic downturn since the <a href="/wiki/1997_Asian_financial_crisis" title="1997 Asian financial crisis">1997 Asian financial crisis</a>.<a href="#cite_note-solomon_26102020-70">[62]</a> The <a href="/wiki/International_Monetary_Fund" title="International Monetary Fund">International Monetary Fund</a> has predicted Thailand's GDP to shrink by 6.7 percent in 2020.<a href="#cite_note-90">[81]</a> The government borrowed and announced a 1.9 trillion-<a href="/wiki/Baht" class="mw-redirect" title="Baht">baht</a> (US$60 billion) stimulus package, though few people have actually received it.<a href="#cite_note-91">[82]</a> Shortly before the second wave protests, on 15 July, netizens were infuriated by privileged treatment to "VIP guests" who were later revealed to be positive for the coronavirus,<a href="#cite_note-92">[83]</a> as well as its failure to boost the heavily effected tourism industry.<a href="#cite_note-93">[84]</a><a href="#cite_note-94">[85]</a> On the same day, <a href="/wiki/Prayut_Chan-o-cha" title="Prayut Chan-o-cha">Prayut Chan-o-cha</a> made a visit to <a href="/wiki/Rayong_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Rayong Province">Rayong Province</a>. Two protesters held signs calling for his resignation prior to the arrival; both were immediately arrested and reportedly beaten by the police, infuriating many <a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a> users.<a href="#cite_note-95">[86]</a> Other related developments include the <a href="/wiki/Suicide_of_Khanakorn_Pianchana" title="Suicide of Khanakorn Pianchana">suicide of senior judge Khanakorn Pianchana</a> over his frustration due to pressure on his verdicts in favour of military officers, <a href="/wiki/Surgical_mask" title="Surgical mask">surgical mask</a> profiteering by <a href="/wiki/Thamanat_Prompow" title="Thamanat Prompow">Thammanat Prompao</a>, delayed COVID-19 welfare money transfers, the government's approval of the Civil Partnership bill (which does not recognize equal status of same-sex couples), and the case against <a href="/wiki/Red_Bull" title="Red Bull">Red Bull</a> heir <a href="/wiki/Vorayuth_Yoovidhya" class="mw-redirect" title="Vorayuth Yoovidhya">Vorayuth Yoovidhya</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:2-68">[60]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"><h2 id="First_wave_(February_2020)">First wave (February 2020)</h2></div><section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A7_%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B8%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%99_%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%97%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A7_%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B8%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%99_%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%97%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88_01.jpg/180px-%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A7_%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B8%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%99_%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%97%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="200" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="828" data-file-height="919"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 180px;height: 200px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A7_%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B8%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%99_%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%97%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88_01.jpg/180px-%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A7_%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B8%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%99_%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%97%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88_01.jpg" data-width="180" data-height="200" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A7_%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B8%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%99_%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%97%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88_01.jpg/270px-%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A7_%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B8%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%99_%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%97%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A7_%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B8%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%99_%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%97%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88_01.jpg/360px-%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A7_%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B8%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%99_%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%97%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88_01.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Protests at <a href="/wiki/Srinakharinwirot_University" title="Srinakharinwirot University">Srinakharinwirot University</a> <a href="/wiki/Ongkharak_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Ongkharak District">Ongkharak Campus</a> on 25 February. The crossed out number is the popular vote count of dissolved <a href="/wiki/Future_Forward_Party" title="Future Forward Party">FFP</a></figcaption></figure> The first wave protests were triggered by the Constitution Court decision to disband the FFP on 23 February 2020.<a href="#cite_note-96">[87]</a> Demonstrations since erupted in various high schools, colleges, and universities nationwide. These student-organised protests also came with various <a href="/wiki/Hashtag" title="Hashtag">hashtags</a> unique to their institutions. The firsts began at <a href="/wiki/Thammasat_University" title="Thammasat University">Thammasat University</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chulalongkorn_University" title="Chulalongkorn University">Chulalongkorn University</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ramkhamhaeng_University" title="Ramkhamhaeng University">Ramkhamhaeng University</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kasetsart_University" title="Kasetsart University">Kasetsart University</a>, <a href="/wiki/Srinakharinwirot_University" title="Srinakharinwirot University">Srinakharinwirot University</a> and <a href="/wiki/Prince_of_Songkhla_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Prince of Songkhla University">Prince of Songkhla University</a> on 24 February. Various high school students also organised protests at <a href="/wiki/Triam_Udom_Suksa_School" title="Triam Udom Suksa School">Triam Udom Suksa School</a> and <a href="/wiki/Suksanari_School" title="Suksanari School">Suksanari School</a>. The protests, however, were limited to individual institutions.<a href="#cite_note-97">[88]</a><a href="#cite_note-hashtags-98">[89]</a> A Thai historian scholar noted that street protests have never created political changes if the military sided with the government.<a href="#cite_note-bbc32-4">[3]</a> The protests, which were organized exclusively on the academia grounds, were halted in late February due to the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Thailand" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Thailand">COVID-19 pandemic</a>, with all universities, colleges, and schools shut down.<a href="#cite_note-bbc32-4">[3]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hashtags">Hashtags</h3></div> The use of online media, such as TikTok and Twitter, including various <a href="/wiki/Hashtag" title="Hashtag">hashtags</a>, has characterized the protests.<a href="#cite_note-99">[90]</a> Hashtags have emerged for protests at each institution. For example: <ul><li>Protests at <a href="/wiki/Chulalongkorn_University" title="Chulalongkorn University">Chulalongkorn University</a> used #เสาหลักจะไม่หักอีกต่อไป (lit. The pillar will not longer be broken; an analogy to the university's tagline as "the pillar of the land.")</li> <li>Protests at <a href="/wiki/Triam_Udom_Suksa_School" title="Triam Udom Suksa School">Triam Udom Suksa School</a> used #เกียมอุดมไม่ก้มหัวให้เผด็จการ (lit. Giam Udom doesn't bow to dictatorship; the name "Giam Udom" is an alias of "Triam Udom")</li> <li>Protests at <a href="/wiki/Srinakharinwirot_University" title="Srinakharinwirot University">Srinakharinwirot University</a> (SWU) used #มศว คนรุ่นเปลี่ยน (lit. SWU generation of change)</li></ul> Some have mentioned their distaste of the pro-military and pro-monarchy conservatives (dubbed <a href="/wiki/Salim_(Thai_slang)" title="Salim (Thai slang)">Salim</a> — <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A1" class="extiw" title="wikt:สลิ่ม">สลิ่ม</a>; the word was derived from Thai dessert <a href="/wiki/Sarim_(dessert)" title="Sarim (dessert)">sarim</a>) such as<a href="#cite_note-hashtags-98">[89]</a> <ul><li>Protests at <a href="/wiki/Kasetsart_University" title="Kasetsart University">Kasetsart University</a> (KU) used #KUไม่ใช่ขนมหวานราดกะทิ (KU is not coconut milk dessert [referring to <a href="/wiki/Sarim_(dessert)" title="Sarim (dessert)">sarim</a>.])</li> <li>Protests at <a href="/wiki/Khon_Kaen_University" title="Khon Kaen University">Khon Kaen University</a> (KKU) used #KKUขอโทษที่ช้าโดนสลิ่มลบโพสต์ (KKU is sorry for being late; [our] posts were deleted by salims)</li> <li>Protests at <a href="/wiki/Mahidol_University" title="Mahidol University">Mahidol University</a> (located in <a href="/wiki/Salaya,_Thailand" title="Salaya, Thailand">Salaya</a>) used #ศาลายางดกินของหวานหลายสี (Salaya stops eating multi-coloured dessert [referring to sarim.])</li> <li>Protests at <a href="/wiki/King_Mongkut%27s_Institute_of_Technology_Ladkrabang" title="King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang">King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang</a> (Phra Chom Klao) used #พระจอมเกล้าชอบกินเหล้าไม่ชอบกินสลิ่ม (Phra chom klao loves eating [drinking] liquors but not salim)</li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"><h2 id="Second_wave_(July_2020_–_December_2020)">Second wave (July 2020 – December 2020)</h2></div><section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Protests_under_Three_Demands">Protests under Three Demands</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_2020_Thai_protests_(July_2020)" title="Timeline of the 2020 Thai protests (July 2020)">Timeline of the 2020 Thai protests (July 2020)</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%AA.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%AA.jpg/220px-%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%AA.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="121" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1627" data-file-height="895"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 121px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%AA.jpg/220px-%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%AA.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="121" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%AA.jpg/330px-%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%AA.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%AA.jpg/440px-%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%AA.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Seri Thoey group flew the <a href="/wiki/LGBT_flag" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT flag">LGBT flag</a> during the protest on 25 July</figcaption></figure> On 18 July, Thailand saw the largest street demonstration since the <a href="/wiki/2014_Thai_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="2014 Thai coup d'état">2014 Thai coup d'état</a><a href="#cite_note-100">[91]</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Democracy_Monument" title="Democracy Monument">Democracy Monument</a> in Bangkok with around 2,500 protesters. The protesters, organised under the name Free Youth (<a href="/wiki/Thai_language" title="Thai language">Thai</a>: เยาวชนปลดแอก; <a href="/wiki/Royal_Thai_General_System_of_Transcription" title="Royal Thai General System of Transcription">RTGS</a>: yaowachon plot aek), announced their three core demands:<a href="#cite_note-cores-101">[92]</a> dissolution of the House, ending intimidation of the people and drafting a new constitution. A Free Youth leader stated that they do not aim to overthrow the monarchy.<a href="#cite_note-102">[93]</a> The gathering was planned to last overnight, but it was cancelled by midnight for security reasons. After 18 July, the protests began to spread across the country. The first were in <a href="/wiki/Chiang_Mai_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Chiang Mai Province">Chiang Mai Province</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ubon_Ratchathani_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Ubon Ratchathani Province">Ubon Ratchathani Province</a> on 19 July.<a href="#cite_note-103">[94]</a> By 23 July, demonstrations had been organised in more than 20 provinces.<a href="#cite_note-104">[95]</a> Some major demonstrations include one in <a href="/wiki/Maha_Sarakham_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Maha Sarakham Province">Maha Sarakham Province</a> on 23 July, of which its hashtag #IsanSibothon quickly trended first on Twitter in Thailand,<a href="#cite_note-105">[96]</a> and one in <a href="/wiki/Nakhon_Ratchasima_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Nakhon Ratchasima Province">Nakhon Ratchasima Province</a> on 24 July saw one of the largest crowds amongst them.<a href="#cite_note-106">[97]</a> On 25 July, an <a href="/wiki/LGBT" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT">LGBT</a> activist group Seri Thoey (lit. Free <a href="/wiki/Kathoey" title="Kathoey">Thoey</a>; parody to the Seri Thai – <a href="/wiki/Free_Thai_Movement" title="Free Thai Movement">Free Thai Movement</a>), demonstrated at the Democracy Monument calling for legalisation of <a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage" title="Same-sex marriage">same-sex marriage</a> in addition to the three demands.<a href="#cite_note-107">[98]</a> On 26 July, an event called "Let's run, <a href="/wiki/Hamtaro" title="Hamtaro">Hamtaro</a>" was organised at the <a href="/wiki/Democracy_Monument" title="Democracy Monument">Democracy Monument</a>. Having begun in a protest at <a href="/wiki/Triam_Udom_Suksa_School" title="Triam Udom Suksa School">Triam Udom Suksa School</a> in Bangkok, but later spread on <a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a>, and eventually gathered around 3,000 people.<a href="#cite_note-108">[99]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Further_demands_of_monarchy_reform_and_subsequent_protests">Further demands of monarchy reform and subsequent protests</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_2020_Thai_protests_(August_2020)" title="Timeline of the 2020 Thai protests (August 2020)">Timeline of the 2020 Thai protests (August 2020)</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1224211176">.mw-parser-output .quotebox{background-color:#F9F9F9;border:1px solid #aaa;box-sizing:border-box;padding:10px;font-size:88%;max-width:100%}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft{margin:.5em 1.4em .8em 0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright{margin:.5em 0 .8em 1.4em}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.centered{overflow:hidden;position:relative;margin:.5em auto .8em auto}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft span,.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright span{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox>blockquote{margin:0;padding:0;border-left:0;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-title{text-align:center;font-size:110%;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote>:first-child{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote:last-child>:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:before{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" “ ";vertical-align:-45%;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:after{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" ” ";line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .left-aligned{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .right-aligned{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .center-aligned{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quote-title,.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quotebox-quote{display:block}.mw-parser-output .quotebox cite{display:block;font-style:normal}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .quotebox{width:100%!important;margin:0 0 .8em!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="quotebox pullquote floatright" style="width:30%; ;"> <div class="quotebox-title" style="">Summary of Demands on Reform of the Monarchy<a href="#cite_note-prachatai_11082020-109">[100]</a></div> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> <ol><li>Revoke the King's <a href="/wiki/Sovereign_immunity" title="Sovereign immunity">immunity against lawsuits</a>.</li> <li>Revoke <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A8se_majest%C3%A9_in_Thailand" class="mw-redirect" title="Lèse majesté in Thailand">lèse majesté law</a>, give amnesty to every persecuted individual.</li> <li>Separate the King's personal and royal assets.</li> <li>Reduce the budget allocated to the monarchy.</li> <li>Abolish the Royal Offices and unnecessary units e.g. <a href="/wiki/Privy_Council_of_Thailand" title="Privy Council of Thailand">Privy Council</a>.</li> <li>Open assets of the monarchy to audit.</li> <li>Cease the King's power to give public political comments.</li> <li>Cease <a href="/wiki/Cult_of_personality" title="Cult of personality">propaganda around the King</a>.</li> <li>Investigate the murders of commentators or critics of the monarchy.</li> <li>Forbid the King to endorse future coups.</li></ol> </blockquote> </div> On 3 August, a <a href="/wiki/Harry_Potter" title="Harry Potter">Harry Potter</a>-themed demonstration was held, which 200 people joined, featured a public speech by <a href="/wiki/Arnon_Nampa" title="Arnon Nampa">Arnon Nampa</a> which openly criticised the monarchy, and demanded amendment of increasing <a href="/wiki/Royal_prerogative" title="Royal prerogative">royal prerogative</a> and reform of the lèse majesté law.<a href="#cite_note-reuters-110">[101]</a> Paul Chambers, a Southeast Asian politics scholar, noted that "Such open criticism of Thailand's monarch by non-elites at a public place within Thailand with the police simply standing by is the first of its kind in Thai history."<a href="#cite_note-reuters_10082020-69">[61]</a> The police arrested Arnon and another Free Youth leader on 8 August. On 10 August, there was a rally at Thammasat University, Rangsit campus in <a href="/wiki/Pathum_Thani_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Pathum Thani Province">Pathum Thani Province</a> named "ธรรมศาสตร์จะไม่ทน." (lit. Thammasat will not tolerate.)<a href="#cite_note-111">[102]</a> by United Front of Thammasat and Demonstration group. Totaling about 3,000 people, it employed the slogan "We don't want reforms; we want revolution."<a href="#cite_note-AP-112">[103]</a> Among the events were the declaration of ten demands to reform the monarchy by <a href="/wiki/Panusaya_Sithijirawattanakul" title="Panusaya Sithijirawattanakul">Rung Panusaya</a>, and the monarchy reform speeches by <a href="/wiki/Panupong_Jadnok" title="Panupong Jadnok">Panupong Jadnok</a> and <a href="/wiki/Arnon_Nampa" title="Arnon Nampa">Arnon Nampa</a>.<a href="#cite_note-%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%97-113">[104]</a><a href="#cite_note-:4-114">[105]</a> According to AP, the protesters at the site had mixed reaction to the demands.<a href="#cite_note-115">[106]</a><a href="#cite_note-AP-112">[103]</a> BBC analyst called it the revolutionary speech for Thailand history.<a href="#cite_note-116">[107]</a> On 14 August, BBC Thai reported that there had been protests associated with Free Youth in 49 provinces, while in 11 provinces saw activism associated with pro-establishment groups.<a href="#cite_note-BBC1408-117">[108]</a> In the same day, student activist <a href="/wiki/Parit_Chiwarak" title="Parit Chiwarak">Parit "Penguin" Chiwarak</a> was arrested, leading to calls from <a href="/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch" title="Human Rights Watch">Human Rights Watch</a> to immediately release him and drop all charges against all activists.<a href="#cite_note-118">[109]</a> On 16 August, a large gathering which around 20,000–25,000 people joined<a href="#cite_note-nikkei-119">[110]</a> was held at the <a href="/wiki/Democracy_Monument" title="Democracy Monument">Democracy Monument</a> and reiterated calls for a revised constitution and reforms to the monarchy.<a href="#cite_note-120">[111]</a> On 20 August, two large-scale student protests of approximately 1,000 people each were held in <a href="/wiki/Nakhon_Ratchasima" title="Nakhon Ratchasima">Nakhon Ratchasima</a> and <a href="/wiki/Khon_Kaen" title="Khon Kaen">Khon Kaen</a>. Activists announced a "major rally" planned on 19 September 2020, at <a href="/wiki/Thammasat_University" title="Thammasat University">Thammasat University</a>’s <a href="/wiki/Tha_Phra_Chan" title="Tha Phra Chan">Tha Prachan</a> campus.<a href="#cite_note-121">[112]</a><a href="#cite_note-122">[113]</a><a href="#cite_note-123">[114]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Formal_submission_of_demands_and_responses">Formal submission of demands and responses</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_2020_Thai_protests_(September_2020)" title="Timeline of the 2020 Thai protests (September 2020)">Timeline of the 2020 Thai protests (September 2020)</a></div> On 26 August, student groups presented submissions, including the 10 demands, to the House of Representatives.<a href="#cite_note-124">[115]</a> Subsequently, the opposition and the coalition submitted constitutional amendment motions, including to amend the clause governing the constitution amendment procedure.<a href="#cite_note-:8-125">[116]</a><a href="#cite_note-126">[117]</a> On 27–28 August, approximately 15,000 people gathered at 14 October Memorial for the first overnight protest, organized by the 'We are Friends' group.<a href="#cite_note-:3-127">[118]</a> On 28 August, as 15 anti-government activists from the 18 July rally arrived to face charges.<a href="#cite_note-128">[119]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:19_September_demonstration_3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/19_September_demonstration_3.jpg/220px-19_September_demonstration_3.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="122" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="710"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 122px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/19_September_demonstration_3.jpg/220px-19_September_demonstration_3.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="122" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/19_September_demonstration_3.jpg/330px-19_September_demonstration_3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/19_September_demonstration_3.jpg/440px-19_September_demonstration_3.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>The occupation of Sanam Luang by demonstrators on 19 September 2020.</figcaption></figure> In a rally described as one of the largest protests in years,<a href="#cite_note-129">[120]</a> on 19 September, protesters gathered at Thammasat University, then moved to <a href="/wiki/Sanam_Luang" title="Sanam Luang">Sanam Luang</a> in the afternoon and stayed overnight there, with attendance estimated at anywhere between 20,000 and 100,000,<a href="#cite_note-130">[121]</a><a href="#cite_note-131">[122]</a><a href="#cite_note-:5-132">[123]</a> On 20 September, the protesters installed a plaque symbolizing the now-missing <a href="/wiki/Khana_Ratsadon" title="Khana Ratsadon">Khana Ratsadon</a> plaque at Sanam Luang.<a href="#cite_note-133">[124]</a><a href="#cite_note-134">[125]</a> The protesters submitted their demands to the president of the Privy Council via the chief of the <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Police_Bureau_(Thailand)" class="mw-redirect" title="Metropolitan Police Bureau (Thailand)">Metropolitan Police Bureau</a> before dispersing.<a href="#cite_note-:10-135">[126]</a> There were no reports of violence; protest leader Parit Chiwarak called for a general strike on 14 October to commemorate the <a href="/wiki/1973_Thai_popular_uprising" title="1973 Thai popular uprising">1973 Thai popular uprising</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:10-135">[126]</a> The plaque was removed less than 24 hours after it was installed;<a href="#cite_note-136">[127]</a><a href="#cite_note-South_China_Morning_Post-137">[128]</a> however, it has since proliferated as an online meme.<a href="#cite_note-138">[129]</a> Some international media described the rally as an open challenge to Vajiralongkorn.<a href="#cite_note-South_China_Morning_Post-137">[128]</a><a href="#cite_note-139">[130]</a> On 24 September, Parliament voted to set up a study committee, effectively delaying a scheduled vote on constitutional amendment by at least a month. Discontent prompted #RepublicofThailand to trend first in the country's Twitter, with more than 700,000 retweets, the first mass public expression of republican sentiment in the country.<a href="#cite_note-140">[131]</a><a href="#cite_note-141">[132]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Strengthened_emergency_powers">Strengthened emergency powers</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_2020_Thai_protests_(October_2020)" title="Timeline of the 2020 Thai protests (October 2020)">Timeline of the 2020 Thai protests (October 2020)</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:15_October_protest.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/15_October_protest.jpg/220px-15_October_protest.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="564"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/15_October_protest.jpg/220px-15_October_protest.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/15_October_protest.jpg/330px-15_October_protest.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/15_October_protest.jpg/440px-15_October_protest.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>The 15 October protest at the <a href="/wiki/Ratchaprasong" title="Ratchaprasong">Ratchaprasong</a> intersection.</figcaption></figure> After no major events for nearly a month, on 13 October, a small group of protesters gathered at <a href="/wiki/Ratchadamnoen_Avenue" title="Ratchadamnoen Avenue">Ratchadamnoen Avenue</a>, to protest the passing of the king's motorcade,<a href="#cite_note-142">[133]</a> resulting in the detention of activists.<a href="#cite_note-:11-143">[134]</a> The planned protest rally on 14 October began at Democracy Monument, with the objective of moving to <a href="/wiki/Government_House_of_Thailand" title="Government House of Thailand">Government House</a> to demand the resignation of Prayut.<a href="#cite_note-144">[135]</a> They were met by "counter-protesters," who were trucked in using municipal vehicles,<a href="#cite_note-ks1410-145">[136]</a> as well as right-wing groups, including the Thai Pakdee (Loyal Thais) and the <a href="/wiki/Rubbish_Collection_Organization" title="Rubbish Collection Organization">Rubbish Collection Organization</a>, who held their rallies.<a href="#cite_note-146">[137]</a><a href="#cite_note-Arrests_heighten_rally_concerns-15">[11]</a> Later in the day, tens of thousands of protesters,<a href="#cite_note-:13-147">[138]</a> some under the umbrella of "Khana Ratsadorn 2563", were largely peaceful, marked by some violent assaults on the protesters by pro-royalists,<a href="#cite_note-:12-65">[57]</a> marched to Government House and set up camps around it.<a href="#cite_note-148">[139]</a> The protest coincided with a planned royal progression around the city.<a href="#cite_note-:12-65">[57]</a> The royal motorcade passed a protester crowd, strayed from the announced route.<a href="#cite_note-khaosod_15102020-149">[140]</a> Later that evening, Prayut ordered legal actions against the protesters for allegedly blocking the motorcade,<a href="#cite_note-khaosod_15102020-149">[140]</a> but, according to <a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a>, "none appeared to be trying to reach it".<a href="#cite_note-tostevin_23102020-150">[141]</a> Arnon accused the authorities of intentionally arranging the motorcade through the rally site. He gave an estimate of 200,000 participants before midnight.<a href="#cite_note-151">[142]</a> On 15 October, the authorities declared a "severe" <a href="/wiki/State_of_emergency" title="State of emergency">state of emergency</a> in Bangkok from 04:00 local time and banned gatherings of five or more people.<a href="#cite_note-ap_14102020-152">[143]</a><a href="#cite_note-153">[144]</a> The protesters were cleared using riot police.<a href="#cite_note-ap_14102020-152">[143]</a> In the process, police detained three protest leaders, and imposed a ban on sensitive media stories.<a href="#cite_note-154">[145]</a> During the day, troops were dispatched to guard the Government House and <a href="/wiki/Sappaya-Sapasathan" title="Sappaya-Sapasathan">Parliament</a>,<a href="#cite_note-155">[146]</a> raising alarm from an opposition <a href="/wiki/Member_of_parliament" title="Member of parliament">member of parliament</a> (MP) of resembling pre-2014 coup days.<a href="#cite_note-156">[147]</a> A smaller planned occupation of at least 13,500 participants went ahead at the <a href="/wiki/Ratchaprasong" title="Ratchaprasong">Ratchaprasong</a> intersection,<a href="#cite_note-khaosod_activists_15102020-157">[148]</a><a href="#cite_note-bkp1610-158">[149]</a><a href="#cite_note-159">[j]</a> and more protesters were arrested.<a href="#cite_note-bbc15Oct-160">[150]</a> A legal aid group reported at least 51 people were arrested between 13 and 15 October.<a href="#cite_note-ks1610-38">[32]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Thai_police_disperse_Patumwan_flash_rally_16102020.webm/260px-seek%3D239-Thai_police_disperse_Patumwan_flash_rally_16102020.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="260" height="146" data-durationhint="438" data-mwtitle="Thai_police_disperse_Patumwan_flash_rally_16102020.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Thai_police_disperse_Patumwan_flash_rally_16102020.webm"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a6/Thai_police_disperse_Patumwan_flash_rally_16102020.webm/Thai_police_disperse_Patumwan_flash_rally_16102020.webm.480p.vp9.webm" type='video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"' data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="854" data-height="480"></source><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a6/Thai_police_disperse_Patumwan_flash_rally_16102020.webm/Thai_police_disperse_Patumwan_flash_rally_16102020.webm.720p.vp9.webm" type='video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"' data-transcodekey="720p.vp9.webm" data-width="1280" data-height="720"></source><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a6/Thai_police_disperse_Patumwan_flash_rally_16102020.webm" type='video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"' data-width="1280" data-height="720"></source><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a6/Thai_police_disperse_Patumwan_flash_rally_16102020.webm/Thai_police_disperse_Patumwan_flash_rally_16102020.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type='video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"' data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240"></source><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a6/Thai_police_disperse_Patumwan_flash_rally_16102020.webm/Thai_police_disperse_Patumwan_flash_rally_16102020.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type='video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"' data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360"></source><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a6/Thai_police_disperse_Patumwan_flash_rally_16102020.webm/Thai_police_disperse_Patumwan_flash_rally_16102020.webm.360p.webm" type='video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"' data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360"></source></video><figcaption>Police using water cannons to disperse protesters at Pathum Wan Intersection on 16 October.</figcaption></figure> On 16 October, around 2,000 unarmed protesters, mostly teenagers, gathered at <a href="/wiki/Pathum_Wan_Intersection" class="mw-redirect" title="Pathum Wan Intersection">Pathum Wan Intersection</a>, and two hours later were dispersed by the police. High-pressure <a href="/wiki/Water_cannon" title="Water cannon">water cannons</a> with chemical-filled water and <a href="/wiki/Tear_gas" title="Tear gas">tear gas</a> were used.<a href="#cite_note-161">[151]</a><a href="#cite_note-162">[152]</a> The commander of the Metropolitan Police reported at least 100 people were arrested.<a href="#cite_note-pcc1610-39">[33]</a> Protesters vowed to continue.<a href="#cite_note-bkp1610-158">[149]</a> The police defended their use of the chemicals and that they were following "international standards."<a href="#cite_note-neumann_16102020-163">[153]</a><a href="#cite_note-164">[154]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox" style="clear: right; float:right;margin:0 0 1.5em 1.5em"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:115%">External videos</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align: left"><noscript><img alt="video icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/16px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 16px;height: 16px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/16px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png" data-alt="video icon" data-width="16" data-height="16" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/24px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/32px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://twitter.com/i/status/1318907110848040960">Assault of student protesters at Ramkhamhaeng University 21 October 2020</a>, Twitter video</td></tr></tbody></table> Protests then organized more online and held flash protests at numerous locations.<a href="#cite_note-paddock_21102020-48">[40]</a> There were protests almost daily from 17 to 24 October, even though they were faced with government-ordered shutdown of the capital's rapid transit systems.<a href="#cite_note-165">[155]</a> In a televised speech on 21 October, Prayut suggested that both sides reconcile their differences through the parliamentary process.<a href="#cite_note-paddock_21102020-48">[40]</a><a href="#cite_note-bp_22102020-166">[156]</a> On the same day, a group of royalist counter-protesters wearing yellow shirts assaulted the protesters at Ramkhamhaeng University,<a href="#cite_note-167">[157]</a> resulting in one injured student.<a href="#cite_note-mgr2210-23">[18]</a> The following day, Prayut revoked the severe emergency declaration, on the grounds that the severity of the situation had lessened.<a href="#cite_note-168">[158]</a><a href="#cite_note-169">[159]</a> Prayut scheduled an emergency parliamentary session for 26–27 October.<a href="#cite_note-170">[160]</a> Protesters, however, preferred that the government show good faith and resign before advocating for amendments.<a href="#cite_note-171">[161]</a> The non-voting sessions addressed none of the protesters' concerns.<a href="#cite_note-cna_27102020-172">[162]</a><a href="#cite_note-173">[163]</a> As a result, Prayut said that the government would present a Constitutional amendment bill and a reconciliation committee to resolve the political conflict would be set up.<a href="#cite_note-174">[164]</a><a href="#cite_note-175">[165]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Further_anti-royal_protests">Further anti-royal protests</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_2020%E2%80%932021_Thai_protests_(November_2020)" title="Timeline of the 2020–2021 Thai protests (November 2020)">Timeline of the 2020–2021 Thai protests (November 2020)</a></div> On 26 October, protesters marched to the <a href="/wiki/Embassy_of_Germany,_Bangkok" title="Embassy of Germany, Bangkok">German Embassy in Bangkok</a>, petitioning the German government to investigate the King's activities in Germany, if he had exercising powers from German soil.<a href="#cite_note-cna_27102020-172">[162]</a><a href="#cite_note-176">[166]</a><a href="#cite_note-177">[167]</a> And on 3 November, a demonstration was held to protest a block of the <a href="/wiki/Pornhub" title="Pornhub">Pornhub</a> website, a move suspected to restrict access to some compromising material of the king.<a href="#cite_note-178">[168]</a><a href="#cite_note-179">[169]</a> Meanwhile, on 1 November, a group of yellow-shirted royalists demonstrated their support for the King at the Grand Palace.<a href="#cite_note-180">[170]</a> On 8 November, an estimated 7,000–10,000 protesters marched from Democracy Monument to the <a href="/wiki/Grand_Palace" title="Grand Palace">Grand Palace</a> to deliver their letters to the King.<a href="#cite_note-kuhakan_08112020-181">[171]</a> The protesters insisted that their demand to reform the monarchy is already the best compromise they could offer.<a href="#cite_note-182">[172]</a> The gathering was largely peaceful, but the 9,000 men strong police<a href="#cite_note-cna_08112020-183">[173]</a> employed water cannons for the second time.<a href="#cite_note-kuhakan_08112020-181">[171]</a><a href="#cite_note-AP0811-184">[174]</a> Though brief, the incident caused five injuries, including one police officer, according to the capital's emergency medical center.<a href="#cite_note-mtc0811-25">[20]</a> On 14 November, around 20 protesting groups ranging from high school, women rights to LGBTQ activists in an event called "Mob Fest". One event resulted in a covering of Democracy Monument with cloth, and a small clash with the police.<a href="#cite_note-185">[175]</a> On 17 November, the Senate and House of Representatives began a two-day joint session to consider changes to the constitution.<a href="#cite_note-yuda_18112020-26">[21]</a> That day, at least 55 people were hurt when protesters near Parliament clashed with the police and yellow-shirted royalists. Police fired tear gas and water cannons at the crowd. Six people suffered gunshot wounds.<a href="#cite_note-yuda_18112020-26">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-186">[176]</a> On the second day, lawmakers rejected five of the seven proposals to amend the constitution, including the submission by Internet Law Reform Dialogue, or iLaw, which was most preferred by the protesters.<a href="#cite_note-187">[177]</a> On 18 November, angered by the rejection of the people-proposed constitutional bill and the use of force the day before, thousands of protesters gathered at the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Thai_Police" title="Royal Thai Police">Royal Thai Police</a>'s headquarters and hurled paint and sprayed graffiti in the area.<a href="#cite_note-188">[178]</a> On 19 November, police officers and pro-government volunteers rushed to clean it, which earned a thanks from Prayut.<a href="#cite_note-189">[179]</a> On 21 November, high school students led thousands of protesters in Bangkok. In addition to the common protest themes of government and monarchy reform, high school students are seeking more freedom and fairness in an education system.<a href="#cite_note-190">[180]</a><a href="#cite_note-191">[181]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox" style="clear: right; float:right;margin:0 0 1.5em 1.5em"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:115%">External videos</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align: left"><noscript><img alt="video icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/16px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 16px;height: 16px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/16px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png" data-alt="video icon" data-width="16" data-height="16" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/24px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/32px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://twitter.com/i/status/1331632174236241920">Clip of unknown person throwing explosive at rally 25 November 2020</a>, Twitter video</td></tr></tbody></table> On 25 November, over 10,000 protesters converged on the headquarters of <a href="/wiki/Siam_Commercial_Bank" title="Siam Commercial Bank">Siam Commercial Bank</a> (SCB) in northern Bangkok, in which the King is the largest shareholder,<a href="#cite_note-nikkei_25112020-192">[182]</a><a href="#cite_note-193">[183]</a> to demand an investigation into the king's wealth and spending. The police had heavily barricaded the area with shipping containers, concrete barricades and razor wire. The day before, Thai authorities ordered 12 protest leaders to turn themselves in on 1 December and face charges that include lèse-majesté.<a href="#cite_note-nikkei_25112020-192">[182]</a><a href="#cite_note-194">[184]</a> A well-known Thai royalist scholar <a href="/wiki/Sulak_Sivaraksa" title="Sulak Sivaraksa">Sulak Sivaraksa</a> decried Prayut's using the lèse-majesté law and called for the prime minister's removal from office.<a href="#cite_note-195">[185]</a> At least two protesters were wounded in an explosion and shooting incident late into the night, four or five shots being fired.<a href="#cite_note-196">[186]</a><a href="#cite_note-nikkei_1015-197">[187]</a> The police put the blame on rivalry in the vocational students group themselves.<a href="#cite_note-198">[188]</a> On 27 November, about 5,000 protesters joined an anti-coup drill in northern Bangkok's <a href="/wiki/Lat_Phrao_Intersection" title="Lat Phrao Intersection">Lat Phrao Intersection</a>. Protest leader <a href="/wiki/Panupong_%22Mike_Rayong%22_Jadnok" class="mw-redirect" title='Panupong "Mike Rayong" Jadnok'>Panupong "Mike Rayong" Jadnok</a> urged people to park vehicles at key Bangkok intersections in the event of a coup, to obstruct military movement.<a href="#cite_note-nikkei_1015-197">[187]</a><a href="#cite_note-199">[189]</a> On 29 November, thousands of protesters marched to a barracks, demanding the King to give up control of some army regiments. At the <a href="/wiki/11th_Infantry_Regiment_(Thailand)" title="11th Infantry Regiment (Thailand)">11th Infantry Regiment</a>, one of two army units that the king brought under his direct command in 2019, protesters splashed red paint on the ground, referencing the deadly army crackdown on anti-government redshirt demonstrators in 2010. They were blocked at the gate by riot police in gas masks and helmets.<a href="#cite_note-200">[190]</a><a href="#cite_note-201">[191]</a> On 2 December, the Constitutional Court ruled in favor of Prayut in a conflict-of-interest case over his use of military housing. The former army chief had been living in a military residence after retiring from the army in 2014, months after he led the coup over the elected government. The ruling allowed Pruyut to remain in power. Thousands of protested gathered at the Lat Phrao Intersection to protest the verdict.<a href="#cite_note-202">[192]</a><a href="#cite_note-203">[193]</a> On 7 December, Free Youth began a Restart Thailand campaign emphasizing the importance of farmers and laborers. Their use of a <a href="/wiki/Hammer_and_sickle" title="Hammer and sickle">hammer and sickle</a> banner drew criticism for its links to <a href="/wiki/Communism" title="Communism">communism</a>. Many student leaders distanced themselves from the group, concerned that new protesters would be discouraged.<a href="#cite_note-na_23122020-204">[194]</a> On 10 December, democracy activists rallied at the UN's Bangkok office, held up a banner saying "Repeal Lèse-Majesté Law." Representatives were admitted to the building to hand over a letter, requesting the UN to pressure the Thai government into repealing Lèse-majesté laws they say are being used to suppress their movement. Hundreds of protesters also rallied at the 14 October 1973 Memorial that commemorates the lives of pro-democracy supporters lost during a <a href="/wiki/1973_Thai_popular_uprising" title="1973 Thai popular uprising">military massacre in 1973</a>, they raised the three-finger salute and shouted "Abolish 112," referring to the criminal code of lèse-majesté law. Ahead of the rally, protest leaders held a news conference at the 14 October 1973 Memorial. "We join together to demand the abolishment of this legal provision," a protest leader said, reading out a prepared statement regarding lèse-majesté in English.<a href="#cite_note-205">[195]</a><a href="#cite_note-206">[196]</a> After five months of street protest, the movement quieted in late December before New Year, which also coincided with a COVID-19 outbreak in the country. Protest leaders said they were taking a "break".<a href="#cite_note-na_23122020-204">[194]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"><h2 id="Third_wave_(February_2021_–_April_2021)">Third wave (February 2021 – April 2021)</h2></div><section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> Protestors took a break in December 2020 and January 2021 as Thailand was hit by a second wave of <a href="/wiki/COVID-19" title="COVID-19">COVID-19</a> infections during the pandemic. During the break from street protests, the movement continued to voice their opinions online, while prominent members faced legal battles. Between November and December 2020, 38 individuals were charged with lese-majeste.<a href="#cite_note-tpbs150121-207">[197]</a> A student was arrested at his dormitory at 3.00 a.m. on 14 January 2021, leading to a flash protest at the local police station.<a href="#cite_note-208">[198]</a> On 16 January 2021, five protesters at a flash protest targeted at lese-majeste law were arrested by anti-riot police, marking the first street protest in 2021. A small explosion from a ping-pong bomb was heard which was apparently thrown at the approaching police, raising concerns of increasing violence.<a href="#cite_note-209">[199]</a> A member of a protest security group was kidnapped on the same day and was later found on 17 January, which state security personnel were thought to be the perpetuator.<a href="#cite_note-210">[200]</a> On 19 January 2021, <a href="/wiki/Benja_Apan" title="Benja Apan">Benja Apan</a> from Thammasat group went to <a href="/wiki/Iconsiam" title="Iconsiam">Iconsiam</a> shopping mall owned by <a href="/wiki/Sirindhorn" title="Sirindhorn">Sirindhorn</a> and <a href="/wiki/Charoen_Pokphand" title="Charoen Pokphand">Charoen Pokphand</a> group to protest holding signs saying "Monopolizing the vaccine to give the spotlight to the monarchy", directly linked to <a href="/wiki/Vajiralongkorn" title="Vajiralongkorn">Vajiralongkorn</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Siam_Bioscience" title="Siam Bioscience">Siam Bioscience</a> drug company. She was harassed and assaulted by Iconsiam guard.<a href="#cite_note-211">[201]</a><a href="#cite_note-212">[202]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox" style="clear: right; float:right;margin:0 0 1.5em 1.5em"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:115%">External videos</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align: left"><noscript><img alt="video icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/16px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 16px;height: 16px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/16px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png" data-alt="video icon" data-width="16" data-height="16" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/24px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/32px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://twitter.com/i/status/1360642452059615235">Police brutality on man dressed as medic 13 Feb 2021</a>, Twitter video</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align: left"><noscript><img alt="video icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/16px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 16px;height: 16px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/16px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png" data-alt="video icon" data-width="16" data-height="16" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/24px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/32px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://twitter.com/i/status/1373337783595532288">Police chasing fleeing protesters 20 Mar 2021</a>, Twitter video</td></tr></tbody></table> On 1 February, in response to <a href="/wiki/2021_Myanmar_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="2021 Myanmar coup d'état">2021 Myanmar coup d'état</a>, Thai and Myanmar protesters organised an event at the Myanmar embassy in Bangkok, resulting in three arrests.<a href="#cite_note-213">[203]</a> On 10 February, the protesters held the first street rally in months, to protest the detention of four prominent members who were charged with lese majeste, among others. In the evening, explosive sound was heard, and an empty tear gas canister was found. The police, without any investigation, readily told reporters that the canister was stolen from prior rallies. Ten activists were briefly detained for hanging protest banners.<a href="#cite_note-214">[204]</a><a href="#cite_note-215">[205]</a> On 13 February, the protesters held a peaceful demonstration at Democracy Monument and the City Pillar Shrine. However, clashes between them and the police happened in the evening, with video of riot police stomping a men dressed in a medic uniform.<a href="#cite_note-216">[206]</a> Eleven more activists were detained,<a href="#cite_note-217">[207]</a> and #ตำรวจกระทืบหมอ ("police stomped doctor") trended the country's Twitter.<a href="#cite_note-218">[208]</a> On 28 February, as the movement was trying to rebuild momentum since the break and jailing of some core protesters,<a href="#cite_note-219">[209]</a> the Restart Democracy group (rebranded from Free Youth group) held an event at <a href="/wiki/1st_Infantry_Regiment_(Thailand)" title="1st Infantry Regiment (Thailand)">1st Infantry Regiment</a>, where Prayut's residence and the headquarter of King's Close Bodyguard are located. The skirmishes between both sides began in the evening, shortly before a decision to disperse. Some hardline protesters held their ground, while throwing objects at the police. The police retaliated by firing water cannons, tear gas, and rubber bullets at them. According to Bangkok's emergency medical service, 10 protesters and 22 police officers were injured.<a href="#cite_note-ke1Mar-220">[210]</a> The leaderless tactics employed there were criticized by fellow protest organizers, who pointed out the communication problems and inability to deescalate.<a href="#cite_note-ke1Mar-220">[210]</a> During the event, out of uniform security personnel were seen near the protest venue, the second time since the 13 February event.<a href="#cite_note-221">[211]</a> On 17 March, Thai Parliament voted down two constitutional amendment bills,<a href="#cite_note-222">[212]</a> after the Constitutional Court ruled that the amendment must pass a referendum first.<a href="#cite_note-223">[213]</a> On 20 March, a protester group called REDEM, amounting about 1,000, gathered at Sanam Luang, in front of the <a href="/wiki/Grand_Palace" title="Grand Palace">Grand Palace</a> in Bangkok. The venue was heavily barricaded with shipping containers. The skirmish broke out when some protesters tried to remove the barricade, but they were met with police water cannons, tear gas and rubber bullets. Some protesters used molotov cocktails and burned tires. One journalist opined that the government response was intensified compared to last year.<a href="#cite_note-224">[214]</a><a href="#cite_note-225">[215]</a><a href="#cite_note-226">[216]</a> 33 people, including 12 police officers, were reported injured, and 32 people were arrested.<a href="#cite_note-227">[217]</a> On 29 April, <a href="/wiki/Benja_Apan" title="Benja Apan">Benja Apan</a>, Nutchanon Pairoj, and a group of other students came to the <a href="/wiki/Criminal_Court_of_Thailand" title="Criminal Court of Thailand">Criminal Court</a> to send an open letter demanding the release of imprisoned activists. They called Chanathip Muanpawong, the judge who denied bail, to come to receive the letter. Benja scattered paper printed with the names of 11,035 supporters on the stairs to the court building, and said that the students are not a threat to national security but wanting to improve Thai society and for the monarchy to exist under the law.<a href="#cite_note-228">[218]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"><h2 id="Fourth_wave_(May_2021_–_November_2021)">Fourth wave (May 2021 – November 2021)</h2></div><section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Thai_Riot_Police_Dindang_Protest.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Thai_Riot_Police_Dindang_Protest.JPG/300px-Thai_Riot_Police_Dindang_Protest.JPG" decoding="async" width="300" height="200" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3916" data-file-height="2606"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 300px;height: 200px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Thai_Riot_Police_Dindang_Protest.JPG/300px-Thai_Riot_Police_Dindang_Protest.JPG" data-width="300" data-height="200" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Thai_Riot_Police_Dindang_Protest.JPG/450px-Thai_Riot_Police_Dindang_Protest.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Thai_Riot_Police_Dindang_Protest.JPG/600px-Thai_Riot_Police_Dindang_Protest.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%9D%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%99" class="extiw" title="th:กองบังคับการอารักขาและควบคุมฝูงชน">Riot Police</a> fire tear gas to anti-government protesters during Din Daeng Protests in August 2021</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox" style="clear: right; float:right;margin:0 0 1.5em 1.5em"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:115%">External image</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align: left"><noscript><img alt="image icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/16px-Searchtool.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 16px;height: 16px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/16px-Searchtool.svg.png" data-alt="image icon" data-width="16" data-height="16" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/24px-Searchtool.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/32px-Searchtool.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.facebook.com/VoiceOnlineTH/photos/10162018947389848">Police pointing firearm at unarmed civilian 1 Aug 2021</a>, Facebook</td></tr></tbody></table> Although the new NGO laws had been implemented[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify">non sequitur</a>] and the pandemic was still serious, starting from mid-June, a new wave of protest started.<a href="#cite_note-229">[219]</a> Further protests were arranged in July,<a href="#cite_note-230">[220]</a> with police employing tear gas and rubber bullets against some of the protests.<a href="#cite_note-231">[221]</a><a href="#cite_note-232">[222]</a> Rallies occurred in more than 30 provinces on 1 August.<a href="#cite_note-233">[223]</a> On 3 August, <a href="/wiki/Arnon_Nampa" title="Arnon Nampa">Arnon Nampa</a> gave a critical speech once again on the front of <a href="/wiki/Bangkok_Art_and_Culture_Centre" title="Bangkok Art and Culture Centre">Bangkok Art and Culture Centre</a> to commemorate 'Harry Potter themed' last year. This time he demanded the revocation of Article 112 and transferring of public assets from the King back to the previous status.<a href="#cite_note-234">[224]</a> He has been in jail since 9 August until today on <a href="/wiki/Lese_majeste" class="mw-redirect" title="Lese majeste">lese majeste</a> charges.<a href="#cite_note-235">[225]</a> On 7 August, the Free Youth group planned a march to the <a href="/wiki/Grand_Palace" title="Grand Palace">Grand Palace</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Democracy_Monument" title="Democracy Monument">Democracy Monument</a> asking for reform and a good vaccine program, but Thai riot police pressured them out before the event starts. They headed back to the parliament. But later, they went further to the <a href="/wiki/Victory_Monument_(Thailand)" class="mw-redirect" title="Victory Monument (Thailand)">Victory Monument</a>, preparing to go to Prayut Chan-o-cha house. Thai riot police closed the <a href="/wiki/Din_Daeng" class="mw-redirect" title="Din Daeng">Din Daeng</a> area to prevent protesters from going near Prayuth's house. The police fired a lot of tear gas at them. It was the beginning of Din Daeng's later series of protests. Around 6pm, the police truck was burned near the Victory Monument. Din Daeng's non-organized protest, called 'Talugaz', started on this day.<a href="#cite_note-236">[226]</a><a href="#cite_note-237">[227]</a> On 10 August, UFTD 'Car Mob' led by <a href="/wiki/Benja_Apan" title="Benja Apan">Benja Apan</a> protest which started at <a href="/wiki/Ratchaprasong" title="Ratchaprasong">Ratchaprasong</a> intersection. She stated in front of the Sino-Thai office, a construction company owned by Deputy Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Anutin_Charnvirakul" title="Anutin Charnvirakul">Anutin Charnvirakul</a>, that the <a href="/wiki/2014_Thai_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="2014 Thai coup d'état">2014 coup</a> by Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Prayut_Chan-o-cha" title="Prayut Chan-o-cha">Prayut Chan-o-cha</a> benefited only the elite. She criticized the government's mishandling of the COVID-19 pandemic, reboot the economy, repeals the junta constitution, reforms in state structures, and the monarchy.<a href="#cite_note-238">[228]</a> On 16 August, in series of street fight around Din Deang area, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Warit_Somnoi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Warit Somnoi (page does not exist)">Warit Somnoi</a>, a teenager, was shot in the head in front of the Din Daeng police station. The bullet came from the police station. He was hospitalized in coma.<a href="#cite_note-warit-45">[37]</a> On 7 October, the police was shot in the head about behind Din Daeng flat. The police raided the flats and Din Daeng area was tighten by more than hundred of polices.<a href="#cite_note-239">[229]</a> On 28 October, after 2-month coma, Warit Somnoi died.<a href="#cite_note-warit-45">[37]</a> On the next day, pro-democracy supporters gathered at the Din Daeng police station to hold a candlelit vigil. The police pushed them back and arrested 2 people.<a href="#cite_note-240">[230]</a> On 31 October, Panusaya called for the lese majeste law to be repealed in Ratchaprasong area. There were more than 3,000 people gathering.<a href="#cite_note-241">[231]</a><a href="#cite_note-242">[232]</a> Panusaya cut her left arm open with the message '112' in the end of her speech.<a href="#cite_note-243">[233]</a> By 2022, street protests largely died down, which human rights groups have attributed to heavy suppression and surveillance by the Thai government, although activism has continued online due to being more difficult to prosecute.<a href="#cite_note-244">[234]</a><a href="#cite_note-245">[235]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"><h2 id="Financing">Financing</h2></div><section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> The protests are financed by private donations,<a href="#cite_note-246">[236]</a><a href="#cite_note-247">[237]</a> mainly from actress <a href="/wiki/Intira_Charoenpura" title="Intira Charoenpura">Intira Charoenpura</a><a href="#cite_note-248">[238]</a><a href="#cite_note-249">[239]</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Fandom_culture_in_South_Korea" title="Fandom culture in South Korea">K-pop fandom</a> in Thailand<a href="#cite_note-250">[240]</a><a href="#cite_note-251">[241]</a> — the latter alone donated over <a href="/wiki/Thai_baht" title="Thai baht">฿</a>3,600,000 (around <a href="/wiki/United_States_dollar" title="United States dollar">US$</a>115,399) on 18 October 2020.<a href="#cite_note-252">[242]</a> There have been attempts to prosecute the donors.<a href="#cite_note-253">[243]</a> A conspiracy theory accusing foreigners, including the United States government and American organisations such as <a href="/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch" title="Human Rights Watch">Human Rights Watch</a> and <a href="/wiki/Netflix" title="Netflix">Netflix</a>, of funding the protests has been voiced by the royalist group Thailand Vision and campaigners at pro-government rallies leading the <a href="/wiki/Embassy_of_the_United_States,_Bangkok" title="Embassy of the United States, Bangkok">U.S. embassy in Bangkok</a> to issue a formal statement of denial.<a href="#cite_note-254">[244]</a> Pro-monarchy demonstrators gathered at the embassy on 27 October, demanding that the United States end the "<a href="/wiki/Hybrid_war" class="mw-redirect" title="Hybrid war">hybrid war</a>" against Thailand.<a href="#cite_note-255">[245]</a><a href="#cite_note-256">[246]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"><h2 id="Reactions">Reactions</h2></div><section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Reactions_to_the_2020_Thai_protests" title="Reactions to the 2020 Thai protests">Reactions to the 2020 Thai protests</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="State_response_and_arrests">State response and arrests</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox" style="clear: right; float:right;margin:0 0 1.5em 1.5em"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:115%">External videos</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align: left"><noscript><img alt="video icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/16px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 16px;height: 16px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/16px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png" data-alt="video icon" data-width="16" data-height="16" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/24px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/32px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EOvrSMNNWlk">Arrest of student leader Parit Chiwarak on 14 August 2020</a> (3:09, in Thai), YouTube video.</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align: left"><noscript><img alt="video icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/16px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 16px;height: 16px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/16px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png" data-alt="video icon" data-width="16" data-height="16" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/24px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/32px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r4eE7Z_WpAY">Arrest of student leader Pai Daodin on 13 October 2020</a> (0:39), Youtube video.</td></tr></tbody></table> An Isaan Record analysis found that the government response has included force and <a href="/wiki/Intimidation" title="Intimidation">intimidation</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arbitrary_detention" class="mw-redirect" title="Arbitrary detention">arbitrary detention</a>, arrests and changes, disinformation, the deployment of <a href="/wiki/Royal_Thai_Army#Information_operation" title="Royal Thai Army">military Information and Operations units</a>, media <a href="/wiki/Censorship" title="Censorship">censorship</a>, <a href="/wiki/Delaying_tactic" title="Delaying tactic">delaying tactics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Obfuscation" title="Obfuscation">obfuscation</a>, support for pro-government groups, <a href="/wiki/Gaslighting" title="Gaslighting">gaslighting</a>, and negotiation,<a href="#cite_note-257">[247]</a> as well as mobile jamming devices.<a href="#cite_note-258">[248]</a> The Government Public Relations Department of Thailand released two propaganda YouTube videos attacking the protesters.<a href="#cite_note-259">[249]</a> Prayut blamed the protesters for further damaging the country's economy.<a href="#cite_note-260">[250]</a> Key military personnel, such as General <a href="/wiki/Apirat_Kongsompong" title="Apirat Kongsompong">Apirat Kongsompong</a>, the <a href="/wiki/List_of_commanders-in-chief_of_the_Royal_Thai_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="List of commanders-in-chief of the Royal Thai Army">Commander-in-Chief of the Royal Thai Army</a>, condemned the protesters, even accusing them of lése majesté,<a href="#cite_note-261">[251]</a> while the new Army commander Narongpan Jittkaewtae told the protesters to "reform yourselves first."<a href="#cite_note-262">[252]</a> Public Health Minister <a href="/wiki/Anutin_Charnvirakul" title="Anutin Charnvirakul">Anutin Charnvirakul</a>, a notable politician from a junior coalition partner, expressed concern about implications for COVID-19 spread whilst signaling his own neutrality.<a href="#cite_note-263">[253]</a> However, the country's coronavirus caseloads remained low amidst the growing protests.<a href="#cite_note-264">[254]</a> The authorities have intimidated protesters via the state academic system. The Thai authorities, referencing the <a href="/wiki/Thammasat_University_massacre" class="mw-redirect" title="Thammasat University massacre">Thammasat University Massacre</a> and <a href="/wiki/Black_May_(1992)" title="Black May (1992)">1992 protests</a>, ordered universities to prevent students from demanding monarchy reform and to compile lists of protest leaders.<a href="#cite_note-265">[255]</a> Some universities and schools responded by forbidding their staff and students to join the protests and by banning gatherings on their grounds, claiming COVID-19 concerns, while police issued warning letters.<a href="#cite_note-266">[256]</a> On 18 August, a Ministry of Education department allowed students to hold rallies in state schools.<a href="#cite_note-267">[257]</a> However, in late August, student groups reported that at least 109 schools had suppressed or intimidated political expression.<a href="#cite_note-268">[258]</a> As of December 2020<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2020%E2%80%932021_Thai_protests&action=edit">[update]</a>, at least 234 people were arrested, with charges including <a href="/wiki/Sedition" title="Sedition">sedition</a>;<a href="#cite_note-tpbs150121-207">[197]</a> five were arrested without charges.<a href="#cite_note-269">[259]</a> In early August, watchdog organization iLaw reported at least 78 incidents of intimidation of protest sympathizers.<a href="#cite_note-BBC1408-117">[108]</a> In early September, the police summonsed the first schoolchild protester for violating the security laws.<a href="#cite_note-270">[260]</a> At least 63 protesters have been charged under the controversial and repeatedly extended COVID-19 emergency decree, in 17 cases, despite the government claiming it would not be employed in this way.<a href="#cite_note-271">[261]</a> The people in police custody are sometimes found injured.<a href="#cite_note-bkp3110-24">[19]</a> The state has attempted to severely restrict online freedom of speech. On 24 August, in response to a Thai government order, <a href="/wiki/Facebook,_Inc." class="mw-redirect" title="Facebook, Inc.">Facebook</a> blocked access in Thailand to the million-member main <a href="/wiki/Facebook" title="Facebook">Facebook</a> page critical of the monarchy, Royalist Marketplace.<a href="#cite_note-272">[262]</a> Facebook is challenging the order in the courts.<a href="#cite_note-273">[263]</a> The authorities attempted to block more than 2,200 websites ahead of the 19 September rally.<a href="#cite_note-274">[264]</a> Following the rally, a minister filed a complaint to prosecute Facebook, Twitter, and YouTube for allowing anti-government content, the first time the Computer Crimes Act has been used against foreign service providers.<a href="#cite_note-275">[265]</a> A Thai media provider was reported to be censoring a foreign news network reporting the protests.<a href="#cite_note-276">[266]</a> A severe state of emergency was declared in Bangkok during 15–22 October,<a href="#cite_note-asianik1510-277">[267]</a> during which the police moved to ban or block anti-government or independent media, together with the Free Youth Facebook page,<a href="#cite_note-278">[268]</a> and seized books criticizing the monarchy.<a href="#cite_note-279">[269]</a> <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Digital_Economy_and_Society" title="Ministry of Digital Economy and Society">Ministry of Digital Economy and Society</a> stated it intended to prosecute internet service providers and online platforms which allows prohibited content, and reported about 320,000 illegal messages.<a href="#cite_note-280">[270]</a> In response, several Thai press associations issued a joint statement opposing suppression of the media.<a href="#cite_note-281">[271]</a> The authorities also required foreign diplomats to obtain advance permission to observe protests.<a href="#cite_note-282">[272]</a> An extraordinary parliamentary session was held 26–27 October to attempt to resolve the political situation.<a href="#cite_note-283">[273]</a> <a href="/wiki/Bangkok_Metropolitan_Administration" title="Bangkok Metropolitan Administration">Bangkok Metropolitan Administration</a> lend its support to the counter-protesters by transporting them to the rally site,<a href="#cite_note-ks1410-145">[136]</a> as well as accommodating them with trash trucks and mobile toilets.<a href="#cite_note-284">[274]</a> Police crackdowns were also more frequent in 2021, seeing the use of batons, tear gas and water cannons. The police were also accused of torture and using live rounds,<a href="#cite_note-285">[275]</a> with the first protester died in October 2021 after being shot by a person inside a police station.<a href="#cite_note-warit-45">[37]</a> Several prominent protesters were also facing "<a href="/wiki/Lawfare" title="Lawfare">lawfare</a>" from the authorities. In many occasions, those charged with lèse-majesté were denied bail and <a href="/wiki/Remand_(detention)" class="mw-redirect" title="Remand (detention)">detained before trial</a>, and many of them performed hunger strikes to call for their right of getting bail.<a href="#cite_note-286">[276]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="The_Constitutional_Court_verdict">The Constitutional Court verdict</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1224211176"><div class="quotebox pullquote floatright" style="width:25em; ;"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> "The actions have hidden intentions to overthrow the constitutional monarchy and were not a call for reform," </blockquote> <div style="padding-bottom: 0; padding-top: 0.5em"><cite class="right-aligned" style="">—A constitutional court judge, 2021<a href="#cite_note-reutersnovember-287">[277]</a></cite></div> </div> On 10 November 2021, the <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Court_of_Thailand" title="Constitutional Court of Thailand">Constitutional Court</a> ruled that <a href="/wiki/Arnon_Nampa" title="Arnon Nampa">Arnon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Panupong_Jadnok" title="Panupong Jadnok">Panupong</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Panusaya_Sithijirawattanakul" title="Panusaya Sithijirawattanakul">Panusaya</a> of the 10-point call for reforms of the monarchy in 'Thammasat will not tolerate' rally on 10 August 2020 aimed to overthrow the state and the monarchy in their speeches.<a href="#cite_note-reutersnovember-287">[277]</a> The court ordered them and other protest groups to end all monarchy reform movements. The petition was filed by Natthaporn Toprayoon on 3 September 2020.<a href="#cite_note-288">[278]</a> Without examining the evidence submitted by the defendants, the court explained that such demands were an "abuse of the rights and freedoms and harmed the state’s security", but the court did not enforce a punishment on them, only ruling on the constitutionality of their demands. Three protest leaders deny seeking to overthrow the monarchy, with their lawyer and Panusaya walked out of the middle of hearing. Sunai Phasuk, a senior researcher with Human Rights Watch, labelled the ruling as "a judicial coup" that could pave the way for further legal cases against protesters, including treason. The court also asserted that sovereign power belongs to the monarchy.<a href="#cite_note-guardiannovember-47">[39]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_King's_position">The King's position</h3></div> The King and the palace initially did not express any public opinion about the protests. In August, the <a href="/wiki/Asia_Times" title="Asia Times">Asia Times</a> quoted a government official stating that the King was not bothered by the "children's" protests,<a href="#cite_note-289">[279]</a> but an <a href="/wiki/Al_Jazeera_Media_Network" title="Al Jazeera Media Network">Al Jazeera</a> article reported that the Thai monarchy has asked Thai media to censor mention of the ten demands.<a href="#cite_note-290">[280]</a> On 16 October 2020, a speech by Vajiralongkorn the day before was made public, stating: "Now it is understood that the country needs people who love the country and love the monarchy".<a href="#cite_note-beech_16102020-291">[281]</a> On 24 October, a video of the King praising former PDRC leader and ex-monk Buddha Issara and another counter-protester who raised a picture of late King <a href="/wiki/Bhumibol" class="mw-redirect" title="Bhumibol">Bhumibol Adulyadej</a> during a protest was posted to a royalist Facebook group;<a href="#cite_note-292">[282]</a> royalists embraced it, while the protesters viewed the comment as a position statement, prompting the hashtag #23ตุลาตาสว่าง (23Oct Eyes Opened) to trend on the country's Twitter.<a href="#cite_note-293">[283]</a> He made the first public comment in November 2020: that he "love[s] them [Thai people] all the same," and "Thailand is the land of compromise."<a href="#cite_note-294">[284]</a> Patrick Jory, a senior lecturer in Southeast Asian history at the University of Queensland, described the unpredictable nature of the King and "his willingness to use violence," and says that he may have pressured Prayut to suppress the protesters.<a href="#cite_note-295">[285]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Support">Support</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pride_flag_in_Bangkok_protest_2020_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Pride_flag_in_Bangkok_protest_2020_01.jpg/220px-Pride_flag_in_Bangkok_protest_2020_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2224" data-file-height="1668"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Pride_flag_in_Bangkok_protest_2020_01.jpg/220px-Pride_flag_in_Bangkok_protest_2020_01.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Pride_flag_in_Bangkok_protest_2020_01.jpg/330px-Pride_flag_in_Bangkok_protest_2020_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Pride_flag_in_Bangkok_protest_2020_01.jpg/440px-Pride_flag_in_Bangkok_protest_2020_01.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Protesters in Bangkok holding an <a href="/wiki/LGBT_pride_flag" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT pride flag">LGBT pride flag</a></figcaption></figure> In August 2020, a <a href="/wiki/Move_Forward_Party" title="Move Forward Party">Move Forward Party</a> MP stated that some references to the monarchy in the protests were inconvenient truths that required attention. He received stark responses from Manager Online and General <a href="/wiki/Apirat_Kongsompong" title="Apirat Kongsompong">Apirat Kongsompong</a>, who insisted that some protesters intended to overthrow the monarchy, or had fallen victim to third-party manipulators.<a href="#cite_note-296">[286]</a> In early September, the leader of the <a href="/wiki/Pheu_Thai_Party" title="Pheu Thai Party">Pheu Thai Party</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sompong_Amornwiwat" title="Sompong Amornwiwat">Sompong Amornwiwat</a>, stated a motion from the opposition coalition to amend Article 256 was aligned with the demands of the protesters.<a href="#cite_note-297">[287]</a> Despite threats to their careers,<a href="#cite_note-:7-298">[288]</a> many Thai celebrities have publicly expressed support for the protesters.<a href="#cite_note-299">[289]</a><a href="#cite_note-300">[290]</a><a href="#cite_note-301">[291]</a><a href="#cite_note-302">[292]</a> A group of 147 university faculty members has issued a statement saying the protesters' demand for monarchical reform did not violate the law. The Thai Academic Network for Civil Rights, another group of 358 scholars, has also expressed full support for the protesters.<a href="#cite_note-nikkei-119">[110]</a> A physician was sacked for signing petition in support of the movement.<a href="#cite_note-303">[293]</a> In August 2020, <a href="/wiki/UNICEF" title="UNICEF">UNICEF</a> issued a statement invoking the <a href="/wiki/Convention_on_the_Rights_of_the_Child" title="Convention on the Rights of the Child">Convention on the Rights of the Child</a> that called for schools and learning institutions to be safe havens and forums for children's freedom of expression.<a href="#cite_note-304">[294]</a><a href="#cite_note-305">[295]</a> <a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_United_Nations_High_Commissioner_for_Human_Rights" title="Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights">Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights</a> and <a href="/wiki/Amnesty_International" title="Amnesty International">Amnesty International</a> recognized the peaceful nature of the rallies, and condemned police crackdowns.<a href="#cite_note-306">[296]</a><a href="#cite_note-307">[297]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch" title="Human Rights Watch">Human Rights Watch</a> Asia director stated, "Criminalizing peaceful protests and calls for political reform is a hallmark of authoritarian rule" and called for governments and the United Nations to condemn the repression of the protests and urge the release of protesters.<a href="#cite_note-bkp1610-158">[149]</a> Some international groups and individuals expressed their support for the movements, for example Hong Kong student protesters,<a href="#cite_note-308">[298]</a> including activist <a href="/wiki/Joshua_Wong" title="Joshua Wong">Joshua Wong</a>.<a href="#cite_note-309">[299]</a> Civil society groups in South Korea urged their government to stop exporting water cannons to Thailand.<a href="#cite_note-310">[300]</a> UN human rights experts, including <a href="/wiki/Cl%C3%A9ment_Nyaletsossi_Voule" title="Clément Nyaletsossi Voule">Clément Nyaletsossi Voule</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Special_Rapporteur_on_the_Rights_to_Freedom_of_Peaceful_Assembly_and_of_Association" title="United Nations Special Rapporteur on the Rights to Freedom of Peaceful Assembly and of Association">Special Rapporteur on the Right to Freedom of Peaceful Assembly and of Association</a>, issued a statement urging the government to guarantee the fundamental rights of free speech and peaceful assembly and to remove the ban on peaceful protests.<a href="#cite_note-311">[301]</a> In October 2020, Khaosod English and Bangkok Post editorials called for Prayut to resign, but both did not press the demands to draft a new constitution and reform the monarchy.<a href="#cite_note-312">[302]</a><a href="#cite_note-313">[303]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Opposition">Opposition</h3></div> State-sponsored<a href="#cite_note-314">[304]</a> organized opposition to the protests emerged in August and included the accusation of a global conspiracy being funded or masterminded by a foreign government or NGOs. On 10 August, the Thai Move Institute released a diagram of an alleged 'people's revolution network' linking student protests to former FFP leader <a href="/wiki/Thanathorn_Juangroongruangkit" title="Thanathorn Juangroongruangkit">Thanathorn Juangroongruangkit</a> and former prime minister <a href="/wiki/Thaksin_Shinawatra" title="Thaksin Shinawatra">Thaksin Shinawatra</a>.<a href="#cite_note-315">[305]</a><a href="#cite_note-316">[306]</a> The police and right-wing groups targeted Thanatorn and his allies for being accused of masterminding the protests.<a href="#cite_note-317">[307]</a><a href="#cite_note-318">[308]</a> A singer and protester posted a video clip revealing a protester shot with live bullet by the counter-protesters.<a href="#cite_note-319">[309]</a> Groups of males with very short haircut and similar clothing are speculated to be out-of-uniform military or police officers who staged counter protests.<a href="#cite_note-320">[310]</a> Right-wing media and organizations quickly attacked the August demands for monarchy reform, stating that the call to reform the monarchy was an act of evil, causing disunity and undermining the monarchy, and accusing the <a href="/wiki/Pheu_Thai_Party" title="Pheu Thai Party">Pheu Thai Party</a> and the former FFP of manipulating protesters.<a href="#cite_note-321">[311]</a> Most politicians expressed a negative reaction to the demands, including <a href="/wiki/Sudarat_Keyuraphan" title="Sudarat Keyuraphan">Sudarat Keyuraphan</a>, an influential Pheu Thai politician.<a href="#cite_note-322">[312]</a> On social media platforms, user accounts, including ones coordinated by the ultra-royalist <a href="/wiki/Rubbish_Collection_Organization" title="Rubbish Collection Organization">Rubbish Collection Organization</a>,<a href="#cite_note-323">[313]</a> which has been characterized as <a href="/wiki/Fascist" class="mw-redirect" title="Fascist">fascist</a>, attacked protesters,<a href="#cite_note-327">[k]</a> some going so far as to urging <a href="/wiki/Child_sexual_abuse" title="Child sexual abuse">child rape</a>.<a href="#cite_note-328">[317]</a> In mid-September, Thailand's <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Court_of_Thailand" title="Constitutional Court of Thailand">Constitutional Court</a> accepted a complaint of <a href="/wiki/Treason" title="Treason">treason</a> against the 10 Demands protest leaders.<a href="#cite_note-329">[318]</a><a href="#cite_note-330">[319]</a> Right-wing groups and media quickly attacked the protesters from the royal motorcade incident on 14 October.<a href="#cite_note-331">[320]</a><a href="#cite_note-332">[321]</a> At least 103 cases of harassment of students have been reported,<a href="#cite_note-333">[322]</a> and protesting tactics have been condemned; some considered a protester's act of hurling paint at police officers to be violent or not peaceful.<a href="#cite_note-334">[323]</a><a href="#cite_note-335">[324]</a><a href="#cite_note-336">[325]</a> Opponents also find vulgar language used by protest leaders unacceptable.<a href="#cite_note-337">[326]</a> On 28 November 2020, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Warong_Dechgitvigrom&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Warong Dechgitvigrom (page does not exist)">Warong Dechgitvigrom</a>, a right-wing physician formed the new right wing group "<a href="/wiki/Thai_Pakdee_Party" title="Thai Pakdee Party">Thai Pakdee Party</a>" (<a href="/wiki/Thai_language" title="Thai language">Thai</a>: พรรคไทยภักดี ; lit. Loyal Thai), he also attacking the protester and supporting the government and the monarchy which he reacted to <a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Head" title="Jonathan Head">Jonathan Head</a>, <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a> journalist during an interview in Bangkok<a href="#cite_note-338">[327]</a> he said that he believes if English people used the words against Queen Elizabeth, they would have been jailed a long time ago. Royalist and pro-government media often ran stories which portrayed counter-protesters as victims, or the protesters as agitating for violence.<a href="#cite_note-339">[328]</a><a href="#cite_note-340">[329]</a> Royalists believe that protesters want the monarchy dissolved, a position which they have denied.<a href="#cite_note-341">[330]</a> Some business known for supporting the regime, such as <a href="/wiki/Foodpanda" title="Foodpanda">Foodpanda</a>, issued a statement branding the movement "terrorists," prompting consumer boycott.<a href="#cite_note-342">[331]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Polls">Polls</h3></div> A national Suan Dusit poll from 16 to 21 August 2020 of 197,029 people found that 59.1% stated the students were making demands as permitted in a democracy, 62.8% agreed with the demand for reform of the Constitution and 53.9% agreed that the Prime Minister Prayut Chan-o-cha should "resign or dissolve parliament", while 59.5% agreed that the government should "stop intimidating" people. Overall support for the protests stood at 53.7%, with 41.2% opposed.<a href="#cite_note-343">[332]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(8)"><h2 id="Analysis">Analysis</h2></div><section class="mf-section-8 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-8"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Protestor_tactics_and_demands">Protestor tactics and demands</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bangkok_Protests_15_October_2020_Ratchaprasong_Bangkok_06.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Bangkok_Protests_15_October_2020_Ratchaprasong_Bangkok_06.jpg/220px-Bangkok_Protests_15_October_2020_Ratchaprasong_Bangkok_06.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3520" data-file-height="1980"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 124px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Bangkok_Protests_15_October_2020_Ratchaprasong_Bangkok_06.jpg/220px-Bangkok_Protests_15_October_2020_Ratchaprasong_Bangkok_06.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="124" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Bangkok_Protests_15_October_2020_Ratchaprasong_Bangkok_06.jpg/330px-Bangkok_Protests_15_October_2020_Ratchaprasong_Bangkok_06.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Bangkok_Protests_15_October_2020_Ratchaprasong_Bangkok_06.jpg/440px-Bangkok_Protests_15_October_2020_Ratchaprasong_Bangkok_06.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Protesters on 15 October at <a href="/wiki/Ratchaprasong" title="Ratchaprasong">Ratchaprasong</a> calling for reform and the release of their friends.</figcaption></figure> Some commentators say demands for monarchy reform before have only been made by fringe groups, yet there is consensus that this protest is the first time such demands have been discussed publicly. The calls may drive away some sympathisers, but if the government cracks down on the protests as a consequence, it could bring more support to the movement.<a href="#cite_note-344">[333]</a> In mid-August, Atith Keating wrote that student protests lack a coherent strategy; they do not have plans beyond day-to-day demonstrations. This may be caused by the lack of a centralised structure, as in the peak of student movements in the 1970s.<a href="#cite_note-345">[334]</a> Student protesters are seen as being more creative, networked, and technologically savvy than the government and as having time on their side, as well as being the targets of disproportionate persecution that could sway public opinion, with at least a chance of causing the government to collapse provided the anti-monarchy element does not provoke a backlash.<a href="#cite_note-346">[335]</a> One Bangkok Post columnist wrote that <a href="/wiki/Republicanism" title="Republicanism">republican</a> sentiment has never been stronger in Thailand,<a href="#cite_note-347">[336]</a> while another opined that the 19 September 2020 protest was a <a href="/wiki/Path_dependence" title="Path dependence">critical juncture</a> for the movement, with the protesters needing to broaden their agenda again to wider societal reforms if it were to succeed.<a href="#cite_note-:5-132">[123]</a> A political scientist professor opined that an absence of protest leaders increased the risk of the movement getting out of control and could further no strategic initiatives.<a href="#cite_note-348">[337]</a> The protest movement's utilization of coordinated protest techniques, including the use of communications technology, memes, music and social media has contrasted with the traditional techniques used by law enforcement, such as police battalions, state propaganda, and water cannons.<a href="#cite_note-:6-349">[338]</a> After the police crackdown on 16 October 2020, the hashtag #WhatsHappeningInThailand was created and heavily utilized, with content published in various languages across various social media platforms in order to attract global attention to the situation in the country.<a href="#cite_note-350">[339]</a> In some rallies, most of the participants were women, including schoolgirls protesting for social change and against <a href="/wiki/Gender_inequality" title="Gender inequality">gender inequality</a> and <a href="/wiki/Patriarchy" title="Patriarchy">patriarchy</a>.<a href="#cite_note-351">[340]</a> After the arrest of many of Thai protest leaders, following <a href="/wiki/2019%E2%80%9320_Hong_Kong_protests" class="mw-redirect" title="2019–20 Hong Kong protests">their counterparts in Hong Kong</a>, activists in Thailand changed their tactics. Claiming themselves to all be leaders, tactics such as holding up umbrellas in order to shield themselves from tear gas canisters have been used.<a href="#cite_note-352">[341]</a> According to AP, the protesters increasingly emphasize on the reform of the monarchy, but faced serious obstacles, including, notably, opposition party leaders who agreed with all their other demands.<a href="#cite_note-AP0811-184">[174]</a> <a href="/wiki/Thitinan_Pongsudhirak" title="Thitinan Pongsudhirak">Thitinan Pongsudhirak</a>, a political science professor from Chulalongkorn University, opined that the strength of the movement has been decreasing since the jailing of core leaders and the introduction of the hammer and sickle symbol in late 2020, and criticized the movement for being too ambitious and employing counterproductive tactics.<a href="#cite_note-353">[342]</a> Over time, internal divisions between various protest groups resulted in disintegration of the overall movement. However, Thai scholar Pavin Chachavalpongpun believed that the protests had already irrevocably expanded the space for criticism of the ruling elites, while Phil Robertson, deputy director of Human Rights Watch in Asia, thought that the resurgence of the activism could restart after the next general election.<a href="#cite_note-354">[343]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Possibility_of_a_coup">Possibility of a coup</h3></div> By September, protester pressure meant speculation about the possibility of a Thai military coup against Prayut increased, as his administration began to be viewed as increasingly untenable,<a href="#cite_note-355">[344]</a> and rumors became rife when a tank was spotted in the streets; the military stated, as is usual on such occasions, that this was part of a previously scheduled military exercise.<a href="#cite_note-356">[345]</a> However, this does not guarantee a more receptive audience to the protesters' demands as a palace-backed military faction is in ascendance.<a href="#cite_note-357">[346]</a> BBC correspondent <a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Head" title="Jonathan Head">Jonathan Head</a> wrote that the authorities could end their tolerance of the protests since the King had returned to Thailand and might actively pursue those who they believed to fund the protesters.<a href="#cite_note-bbc15Oct-160">[150]</a> <a href="/wiki/Sonthi_Limthongkul" class="mw-redirect" title="Sonthi Limthongkul">Sonthi Limthongkul</a>, former <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Alliance_for_Democracy" title="People's Alliance for Democracy">People's Alliance for Democracy</a> leader, called for an intervention by the military, even though the prime minister and army commander dismissed its possibility.<a href="#cite_note-358">[347]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Economic_impact">Economic impact</h3></div> Tamara Mast Henderson at Bloomberg argued that the unrest could lead to the change in the risk premium demanded by investors that hold Thai bonds.<a href="#cite_note-359">[348]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id='"Judicial_Coup"_by_the_Constitutional_Court'>"Judicial Coup" by the Constitutional Court</h3></div> On 10 August 2021, the <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Court_of_Thailand" title="Constitutional Court of Thailand">Constitutional Court</a> ruling that reforms to the monarchy is unconstitutional opened further discussion about politics landscape in Thailand. Sunai Phasuk of <a href="/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch" title="Human Rights Watch">Human Rights Watch</a> described the ruling as "essentially a <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Coup" class="mw-redirect" title="Constitutional Coup">judicial coup</a>" that could escalate more legal cases against protesters, possibility a treason. This could lead to an end to Thailand's <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_monarchy" title="Constitutional monarchy">constitutional monarchy</a> rule and replacing with <a href="/wiki/Absolute_monarchy" title="Absolute monarchy">absolute monarchy</a>.<a href="#cite_note-guardiannovember-47">[39]</a> <a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Head" title="Jonathan Head">Jonathan Head</a> of <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a> described this ruling forcefully shuts down any room in Thailand for public discussion of the monarchy, but private discussion and social media discussion will continue on, regardless of the government efforts to stop. It was seen as another politicised intervention on the side of conservatives, royalists, by the independent court.<a href="#cite_note-360">[349]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(9)"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div><section class="mf-section-9 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-9"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Thailand" title="Human rights in Thailand">Human rights in Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Wichian_Klanprasert" title="Death of Wichian Klanprasert">Death of Wichian Klanprasert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_for_Liberation_of_Siam" title="Education for Liberation of Siam">Education for Liberation of Siam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milk_Tea_Alliance" title="Milk Tea Alliance">Milk Tea Alliance</a>, online democratic movement made up of netizens from Hong Kong, Taiwan, Thailand, and Myanmar</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021%E2%80%932022_Myanmar_protests" class="mw-redirect" title="2021–2022 Myanmar protests">2021–2022 Myanmar protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019%E2%80%932020_Hong_Kong_protests" title="2019–2020 Hong Kong protests">2019–2020 Hong Kong protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protests_over_responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" class="mw-redirect" title="Protests over responses to the COVID-19 pandemic">Protests over responses to the COVID-19 pandemic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Thai_Election" class="mw-redirect" title="2023 Thai Election">2023 Thai Election</a>, the first general election after 2020–2021 protests</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Endowment_for_Democracy" title="National Endowment for Democracy">National Endowment for Democracy</a></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(10)"><h2 id="Explanatory_notes">Explanatory notes</h2></div><section class="mf-section-10 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-10"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> By 2022, street protests largely died down, which human rights groups have attributed to heavy suppression and surveillance by the Thai government, although activism has continued online due to being more difficult to prosecute.<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> Also characterised as "<a href="/wiki/Riots" class="mw-redirect" title="Riots">riots</a>" by pro-government sources.<a href="#cite_note-6">[5]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a> Yellow is the colour associated with Thai royalty. </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a> Later found to be associated with a minor junior coalition partner <a href="/wiki/Action_Coalition_for_Thailand" class="mw-redirect" title="Action Coalition for Thailand">Action Coalition for Thailand</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a> Reportedly died from a heart attack during the 28 February event, not by injury. </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a> Compiled from multiple sources:<a href="#cite_note-20">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-21">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-22">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-mgr2210-23">[18]</a><a href="#cite_note-bkp3110-24">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-mtc0811-25">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-yuda_18112020-26">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-27">[22]</a><a href="#cite_note-auto-28">[23]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-arrest-41"><a href="#cite_ref-arrest_41-0">^</a> Compiled from multiple sources:<a href="#cite_note-30">[24]</a><a href="#cite_note-31">[25]</a><a href="#cite_note-aa-32">[26]</a><a href="#cite_note-Reuter1408-33">[27]</a><a href="#cite_note-34">[28]</a><a href="#cite_note-35">[29]</a><a href="#cite_note-36">[30]</a><a href="#cite_note-37">[31]</a><a href="#cite_note-ks1610-38">[32]</a><a href="#cite_note-pcc1610-39">[33]</a><a href="#cite_note-40">[34]</a><a href="#cite_note-auto-28">[23]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a> For a comment on history of republicanism in Thailand, see: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFJory2019" class="citation book cs1">Jory, Patrick (31 December 2019). "Chapter Five. Republicanism in Thai History". In Peleggi, Maurizio (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/7076845">A Sarong for Clio</a>. Cornell University Press. pp. 97–118. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.7591%2F9781501725937-007">10.7591/9781501725937-007</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-5017-2593-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-5017-2593-7"><bdi>978-1-5017-2593-7</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:198887226">198887226</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201108024306/https://www.academia.edu/7076845/_Republicanism_in_Thai_History_presented_at_The_12th_International_Conference_on_Thai_Studies">Archived</a> from the original on 8 November 2020. Retrieved 14 October 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chapter+Five.+Republicanism+in+Thai+History&rft.btitle=A+Sarong+for+Clio&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E97-%3C%2Fspan%3E118&rft.pub=Cornell+University+Press&rft.date=2019-12-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A198887226%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.7591%2F9781501725937-007&rft.isbn=978-1-5017-2593-7&rft.aulast=Jory&rft.aufirst=Patrick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F7076845&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2020%E2%80%932021+Thai+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a> Thai authorities just allow incoming foreign tourists in October.<a href="#cite_note-88">[80]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-159"><a href="#cite_ref-159">^</a> Ratchaprasong was the site of the <a href="/wiki/2010_Thai_military_crackdown" title="2010 Thai military crackdown">military crackdown in May 2010</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-327"><a href="#cite_ref-327">^</a> See its characterisation in:<a href="#cite_note-:RCO1-324">[314]</a><a href="#cite_note-:RCO2-325">[315]</a><a href="#cite_note-:RCO3-326">[316]</a> </li> </ol></div></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(11)"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div><section class="mf-section-11 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-11"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWelle_(www.dw.com)" class="citation web cs1">Welle (www.dw.com), Deutsche. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dw.com/en/thailand-what-happened-to-mass-anti-government-protests/a-61861179">"Thailand: What happened to mass anti-government protests? | DW | 19.05.2022"</a>. 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Retrieved 28 February 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera&rft.atitle=Thai+protesters%2C+police+clash+near+PM%27s+residence&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2F2021%2F2%2F28%2Fthai-police-protesters&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2020%E2%80%932021+Thai+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto-28">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto_28-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto_28-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/thai/thailand-56473843?at_custom4=9BF41012-8A0D-11EB-B5D5-377B4D484DA4&at_medium=custom7&at_custom3=BBC+Thai&at_custom2=facebook_page&at_campaign=64&at_custom1=%5Bpost+type%5D">"ตร. อ้างความรุนแรงเกิดจากผู้ชุมนุมเป็นหลัก ยืนยันว่าใช้มาตรการที่ "ได้รับการยอมรับในระดับสากล""</a>. BBC Thai (in Thai). Retrieved 28 March 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+Thai&rft.atitle=%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3.+%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%9C%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9B%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81+%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%8A%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88+%22%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A5%22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fthai%2Fthailand-56473843%3Fat_custom4%3D9BF41012-8A0D-11EB-B5D5-377B4D484DA4%26at_medium%3Dcustom7%26at_custom3%3DBBC%2BThai%26at_custom2%3Dfacebook_page%26at_campaign%3D64%26at_custom1%3D%255Bpost%2Btype%255D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2020%E2%80%932021+Thai+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/thai/thailand-53691243">"ออกหมายจับแกนนำชุมนุมต่อต้านรัฐบาล-ปราศรัยวิจารณ์สถาบันกษัตริย์"</a>. BBC News ไทย (in Thai). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200821075323/https://www.bbc.com/thai/thailand-53691243">Archived</a> from the original on 21 August 2020. 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'ภาณุพงศ์ จาดนอก' กำลังถูกนำตัวไป สน.สำราญราษฎร์"</a>. Bangkok Biznews/. 7 August 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200808191811/https://www.bangkokbiznews.com/news/detail/892720">Archived</a> from the original on 8 August 2020. Retrieved 31 August 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bangkok+Biznews%2F&rft.atitle=%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%A7%21+%27%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%93%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A8%E0%B9%8C+%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81%27+%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B3%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%96%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B3%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%9B+%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%99.%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8D%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%8E%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C&rft.date=2020-08-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bangkokbiznews.com%2Fnews%2Fdetail%2F892720&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2020%E2%80%932021+Thai+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-aa-32"><a href="#cite_ref-aa_32-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEnglish2020" class="citation web cs1">English, Khaosod (10 August 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.khaosodenglish.com/politics/2020/08/10/anti-govt-protesters-detained-given-attitude-adjustment-in-jungle/">"Anti-Govt Protesters Detained, Given 'Attitude Adjustment' in Jungle"</a>. Khaosod English. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200831024132/https://www.khaosodenglish.com/politics/2020/08/10/anti-govt-protesters-detained-given-attitude-adjustment-in-jungle/">Archived</a> from the original on 31 August 2020. Retrieved 31 August 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Khaosod+English&rft.atitle=Anti-Govt+Protesters+Detained%2C+Given+%27Attitude+Adjustment%27+in+Jungle&rft.date=2020-08-10&rft.aulast=English&rft.aufirst=Khaosod&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.khaosodenglish.com%2Fpolitics%2F2020%2F08%2F10%2Fanti-govt-protesters-detained-given-attitude-adjustment-in-jungle%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2020%E2%80%932021+Thai+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Reuter1408-33"><a href="#cite_ref-Reuter1408_33-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-thailand-protests/thai-police-arrest-another-leader-of-student-protests-rights-group-says-idUSKCN25A1HQ?il=0">"Thai police arrest another leader of student protests"</a>. Reuters. 14 August 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200814121540/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-thailand-protests/thai-police-arrest-another-leader-of-student-protests-rights-group-says-idUSKCN25A1HQ?il=0">Archived</a> from the original on 14 August 2020. Retrieved 15 August 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Thai+police+arrest+another+leader+of+student+protests&rft.date=2020-08-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-thailand-protests%2Fthai-police-arrest-another-leader-of-student-protests-rights-group-says-idUSKCN25A1HQ%3Fil%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2020%E2%80%932021+Thai+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thaipost.net/main/detail/74448">"โดนแล้ว! ตำรวจบุกรวบ 'เพนกวิน' หลังถูกแจ้งจับ ผิดมาตรา116"</a>. Thai Post (in Thai). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200913094113/https://www.thaipost.net/main/detail/74448">Archived</a> from the original on 13 September 2020. Retrieved 14 August 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Thai+Post&rft.atitle=%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%A7%21+%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%9A+%27%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%27+%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%96%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%88%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9A+%E0%B8%9C%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2116&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thaipost.net%2Fmain%2Fdetail%2F74448&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2020%E2%80%932021+Thai+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://voicetv.co.th/read/BvqBm1TFg">"รวบ 'บารมี ชัยรัตน์' คดีชุมนุมเยาวชนปลดแอก 18 ก.ค."</a> VoiceTV (in Thai). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200820175155/http://www.voicetv.co.th/read/BvqBm1TFg">Archived</a> from the original on 20 August 2020. 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BBC ไทย (in Thai). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201029152115/https://www.bbc.com/thai/thailand-53915699">Archived</a> from the original on 29 October 2020. 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Reuters. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201020004039/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-thailand-protests-reasons-explainer-idUSKBN2700IX">Archived</a> from the original on 20 October 2020. 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Retrieved 28 October 2020. <q>King Vajiralongkorn also consolidated his privy council, office of the royal household and royal security office into a single royal office, which according to official figures has a budget of almost Bt9bn for the coming fiscal year — a figure that has increased more than 100 per cent since 2018.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Financial+Times&rft.atitle=Thais+question+king%27s+spending+as+economy+takes+hit+from+Covid-19&rft.date=2020-09-17&rft.aulast=Reed&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ft.com%2Fcontent%2F5982dd0c-5312-4918-847e-f206b1a0b192&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2020%E2%80%932021+Thai+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.businesstimes.com.sg/government-economy/thai-king-takes-control-of-five-palace-agencies">"Thai king takes control of five palace agencies"</a>. 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Retrieved 25 July 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Thai+PBS&rft.atitle=%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%8A.%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%8C-%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99+%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B3+COVID-19+%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88&rft.date=2020-07-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.thaipbs.or.th%2Fcontent%2F294711&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2020%E2%80%932021+Thai+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thairath.co.th/news/local/east/1889269">"หละหลวม ปล่อยทหารอียิปต์ติดโควิด เข้ามา ท่องเที่ยวระยองพังหนัก รอวันตาย"</a> [Careless. Let COVID infected Egyptian soldier in. Rayong tourism heavily damaged, waiting to die.]. Thairath (in Thai). 15 July 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200724201200/https://www.thairath.co.th/news/local/east/1889269">Archived</a> from the original on 24 July 2020. Retrieved 14 July 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Thairath&rft.atitle=%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A1+%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%94+%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%82%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2+%E0%B8%97%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81+%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2&rft.date=2020-07-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thairath.co.th%2Fnews%2Flocal%2Feast%2F1889269&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2020%E2%80%932021+Thai+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dailynews.co.th/regional/784774">"ท่องเที่ยวระยองพังพินาศ แห่ถอนจองโรงแรมรีสอร์ท90%"</a> [Rayong tourism devastated. 90% hotel-resort booking canceled]. Dailynews (in Thai). 14 July 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200724190605/https://www.dailynews.co.th/regional/784774">Archived</a> from the original on 24 July 2020. Retrieved 25 July 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Dailynews&rft.atitle=%E0%B8%97%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A8+%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%96%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%9790%25&rft.date=2020-07-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dailynews.co.th%2Fregional%2F784774&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2020%E2%80%932021+Thai+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thairath.co.th/news/society/1890191">"โซเชียลเดือด ดันแฮชแท็ก #ตํารวจระยองอุ้มประชาชน ปม 2 วัยรุ่นชูป้ายไล่นายกฯ"</a> [Social boiled. Push hash tag 'Rayong police arrest people' in incident of two teens holding signs.]. Thairath (in Thai). 15 July 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200724184303/https://www.thairath.co.th/news/society/1890191">Archived</a> from the original on 24 July 2020. Retrieved 25 July 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Thairath&rft.atitle=%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%8B%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%94+%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AE%E0%B8%8A%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%97%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%81+%23%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%8D%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B8%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%99+%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A1+2+%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B8%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%9B%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%AF&rft.date=2020-07-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thairath.co.th%2Fnews%2Fsociety%2F1890191&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2020%E2%80%932021+Thai+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://time.com/5756668/thailand-future-forward-party/">"Thailand's Future Forward Party Has the Support of Young Thais. A Court Could Disband It Entirely"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a>. 20 January 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200605170843/https://time.com/5756668/thailand-future-forward-party/">Archived</a> from the original on 5 June 2020. Retrieved 25 July 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=Thailand%27s+Future+Forward+Party+Has+the+Support+of+Young+Thais.+A+Court+Could+Disband+It+Entirely&rft.date=2020-01-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftime.com%2F5756668%2Fthailand-future-forward-party%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2020%E2%80%932021+Thai+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cfr.org/in-brief/thailand-future-forward-party-disbanded-thanathorn-protest">"A Popular Thai Opposition Party Was Disbanded. What Happens Next?"</a>. 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(in Thai). 26 February 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201108024316/https://themomentum.co/students-protest-after-after-future-forward-party-disbanded/">Archived</a> from the original on 8 November 2020. Retrieved 25 July 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Momentum+Co.&rft.atitle=%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%94-%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%94+%3A+%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AE%E0%B8%8A%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%97%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%97%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B6%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87&rft.date=2020-02-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthemomentum.co%2Fstudents-protest-after-after-future-forward-party-disbanded%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2020%E2%80%932021+Thai+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRatcliffe2020" class="citation news cs1">Ratcliffe, Rebecca (24 August 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/aug/24/we-want-a-true-democracy-students-lead-thailands-protest-movement">"'We want a true democracy': students lead Thailand's protest movement"</a>. The Guardian. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077">0261-3077</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200824043002/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/aug/24/we-want-a-true-democracy-students-lead-thailands-protest-movement">Archived</a> from the original on 24 August 2020. 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Coconut Thailand. 20 July 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200724181937/https://coconuts.co/bangkok/news/anti-government-rallies-spreading-across-thailand/">Archived</a> from the original on 24 July 2020. Retrieved 25 July 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Coconut+Thailand&rft.atitle=Anti-government+rallies+spreading+across+Thailand&rft.date=2020-07-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcoconuts.co%2Fbangkok%2Fnews%2Fanti-government-rallies-spreading-across-thailand%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2020%E2%80%932021+Thai+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-cores-101"><a href="#cite_ref-cores_101-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bangkokbiznews.com/news/detail/890036">"'เยาวชนปลดแอก' เปิดแถลงการณ์ข้อเรียกร้องฉบับเต็ม"</a> ['Free Youth' released full declaration]. Bangkok Biz News (in Thai). 18 July 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200724192936/https://www.bangkokbiznews.com/news/detail/890036">Archived</a> from the original on 24 July 2020. Retrieved 25 July 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bangkok+Biz+News&rft.atitle=%27%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81%27+%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%96%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%93%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%82%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%89%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%A1&rft.date=2020-07-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bangkokbiznews.com%2Fnews%2Fdetail%2F890036&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2020%E2%80%932021+Thai+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mgronline.com/daily/detail/9630000076218">"วังวนการเมืองเน่าสุด จุดไฟม็อบ#เยาวชนปลดแอกลงถนน ยืนยันไม่ "ล้มเจ้า""</a> [Rotting political cycle. Spark 'Free Youth' mob to streets, affirms not to "overthrow monarchy"]. Manager Online (in Thai). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201108024315/https://mgronline.com/daily/detail/9630000076218">Archived</a> from the original on 8 November 2020. Retrieved 23 August 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Manager+Online&rft.atitle=%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%94+%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%9A%23%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%96%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%99+%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88+%22%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%88%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmgronline.com%2Fdaily%2Fdetail%2F9630000076218&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2020%E2%80%932021+Thai+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBoyle2020" class="citation news cs1">Boyle, Gary (20 July 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bangkokpost.com/learning/easy/1954343/chiang-mai-ubon-rally-against-prayut-government?cx_placement=related#cxrecs_s">"Chiang Mai, Ubon rally against Prayut, government"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Bangkok_Post" title="Bangkok Post">Bangkok Post</a>. Retrieved 25 July 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bangkok+Post&rft.atitle=Chiang+Mai%2C+Ubon+rally+against+Prayut%2C+government&rft.date=2020-07-20&rft.aulast=Boyle&rft.aufirst=Gary&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bangkokpost.com%2Flearning%2Feasy%2F1954343%2Fchiang-mai-ubon-rally-against-prayut-government%3Fcx_placement%3Drelated%23cxrecs_s&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2020%E2%80%932021+Thai+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thebangkokinsight.com/400818/">"ประท้วงดาวกระจายลามกว่า 20 จังหวัด เปิดไทม์ไลน์จุดเริ่มจาก 'เยาวชนปลดแอก'"</a> [Protest spread to more than 20 provinces. Show timeline starting from 'Free Youth']. The Bangkok Insight (in Thai). 23 July 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200724212340/https://www.thebangkokinsight.com/400818/">Archived</a> from the original on 24 July 2020. Retrieved 25 July 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Bangkok+Insight&rft.atitle=%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%97%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2+20+%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%94+%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%81+%27%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81%27&rft.date=2020-07-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thebangkokinsight.com%2F400818%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2020%E2%80%932021+Thai+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thairath.co.th/news/society/1895380">"#อีสานสิบ่ทน พุ่งติดเทรนด์อันดับ 1 แห่ขบวนหมอลำ ม่วนหลายก่อนปราศรัย"</a>. Thai Rath (in Thai). 22 July 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200913080626/https://www.thairath.co.th/news/society/1895380">Archived</a> from the original on 13 September 2020. Retrieved 23 August 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Thai+Rath&rft.atitle=%23%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%99+%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B8%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9A+1+%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B3+%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A2&rft.date=2020-07-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thairath.co.th%2Fnews%2Fsociety%2F1895380&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2020%E2%80%932021+Thai+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thairath.co.th/news/local/northeast/1896816">"4 มหาวิทยาลัยในโคราช นักเรียน ประชาชน แสดงพลังทวงคืนประชาธิปไตย"</a>. Thairath (in Thai). 24 July 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200726135033/https://www.thairath.co.th/news/local/northeast/1896816">Archived</a> from the original on 26 July 2020. Retrieved 26 July 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Thairath&rft.atitle=4+%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A+%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%99+%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%99+%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9B%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A2&rft.date=2020-07-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thairath.co.th%2Fnews%2Flocal%2Fnortheast%2F1896816&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2020%E2%80%932021+Thai+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mgronline.com/onlinesection/detail/9630000076470">""กลุ่มเสรีเทยพลัส" จัดกิจกรรมม็อบไม่มุ้งมิ้งแต่ตุ้งติ้งค่ะคุณรัฐบาล"</a>. MGR Online (in Thai). 25 July 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200725232229/https://mgronline.com/onlinesection/detail/9630000076470">Archived</a> from the original on 25 July 2020. Retrieved 26 July 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=MGR+Online&rft.atitle=%22%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B8%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%AA%22+%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B8%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B8%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%84%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%93%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A5&rft.date=2020-07-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmgronline.com%2Fonlinesection%2Fdetail%2F9630000076470&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2020%E2%80%932021+Thai+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thisrupt.co/current-affairs/reinventing-the-wheel-of-political-protest/">"Hamtaro Uncaged! Reinventing the wheel of political protest"</a>. Thisrupt. 3 August 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200918160008/https://thisrupt.co/current-affairs/reinventing-the-wheel-of-political-protest/">Archived</a> from the original on 18 September 2020. Retrieved 30 August 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Thisrupt&rft.atitle=Hamtaro+Uncaged%21+Reinventing+the+wheel+of+political+protest&rft.date=2020-08-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthisrupt.co%2Fcurrent-affairs%2Freinventing-the-wheel-of-political-protest%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2020%E2%80%932021+Thai+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-prachatai_11082020-109"><a href="#cite_ref-prachatai_11082020_109-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://prachatai.com/english/node/8709">"[Full statement] The demonstration at Thammasat proposes monarchy reform"</a>. Prachatai English. 11 August 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200820123613/https://prachatai.com/english/node/8709">Archived</a> from the original on 20 August 2020. Retrieved 23 August 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Prachatai+English&rft.atitle=%5BFull+statement%5D+The+demonstration+at+Thammasat+proposes+monarchy+reform&rft.date=2020-08-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fprachatai.com%2Fenglish%2Fnode%2F8709&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2020%E2%80%932021+Thai+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-reuters-110"><a href="#cite_ref-reuters_110-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-08-04/harry-potter-themed-protest-in-thailand-criticise-monarchy/12521052">"Harry Potter-themed protest openly criticises Thai monarchy"</a>. ABC. 4 August 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200807144801/https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-08-04/harry-potter-themed-protest-in-thailand-criticise-monarchy/12521052">Archived</a> from the original on 7 August 2020. Retrieved 23 August 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ABC&rft.atitle=Harry+Potter-themed+protest+openly+criticises+Thai+monarchy&rft.date=2020-08-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.abc.net.au%2Fnews%2F2020-08-04%2Fharry-potter-themed-protest-in-thailand-criticise-monarchy%2F12521052&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2020%E2%80%932021+Thai+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.posttoday.com/politic/news/630387">"ม็อบนศ.ฮือต้าน"รัฐบาลลุงตู่"แน่น ม.ธรรมศาสตร์"</a> [Student mobs amass to resist "Uncle Tu government" in Thammasat U.]. Post Today. 10 August 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200816000854/https://www.posttoday.com/politic/news/630387">Archived</a> from the original on 16 August 2020. 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Retrieved 15 October 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Khaosod+English&rft.atitle=Activist+Leaders+Arrested+But+Ratchaprasong+Rally+to+Go+Ahead&rft.date=2020-10-15&rft.aulast=English&rft.aufirst=Khaosod&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.khaosodenglish.com%2Fnews%2Fcrimecourtscalamity%2F2020%2F10%2F15%2Factivist-leaders-arrested-ahead-of-ratchaprasong-rally%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2020%E2%80%932021+Thai+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-bkp1610-158">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bkp1610_158-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-bkp1610_158-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-bkp1610_158-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/general/2003391/water-cannon-used-on-protesters">"Water cannon used on protesters"</a>. Bangkok Post. 16 October 2020. Retrieved 16 October 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bangkok+Post&rft.atitle=Water+cannon+used+on+protesters&rft.date=2020-10-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bangkokpost.com%2Fthailand%2Fgeneral%2F2003391%2Fwater-cannon-used-on-protesters&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2020%E2%80%932021+Thai+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-bbc15Oct-160">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bbc15Oct_160-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-bbc15Oct_160-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-54548988">"Thai protests: Demonstrators gather again in Bangkok, defying crackdown"</a>. BBC News. 15 October 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201015001628/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-54548988">Archived</a> from the original on 15 October 2020. Retrieved 15 October 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Thai+protests%3A+Demonstrators+gather+again+in+Bangkok%2C+defying+crackdown&rft.date=2020-10-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-asia-54548988&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2020%E2%80%932021+Thai+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-161"><a href="#cite_ref-161">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://asia.nikkei.com/Politics/Turbulent-Thailand/Thai-police-resort-to-teargas-arrest-warrants-against-protesters">"Thai police resort to teargas, arrest warrants against protesters"</a>. 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Retrieved 16 October 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nikkei+Asia&rft.atitle=Thai+police+resort+to+teargas%2C+arrest+warrants+against+protesters&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fasia.nikkei.com%2FPolitics%2FTurbulent-Thailand%2FThai-police-resort-to-teargas-arrest-warrants-against-protesters&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2020%E2%80%932021+Thai+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-162"><a href="#cite_ref-162">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-54573349">"Thailand protests: Riot police fire water cannon as protesters defy rally ban"</a>. BBC News. 16 October 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201016172004/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-54573349">Archived</a> from the original on 16 October 2020. Retrieved 16 October 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Thailand+protests%3A+Riot+police+fire+water+cannon+as+protesters+defy+rally+ban&rft.date=2020-10-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld-asia-54573349&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2020%E2%80%932021+Thai+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-neumann_16102020-163"><a href="#cite_ref-neumann_16102020_163-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNeumann2020" class="citation news cs1">Neumann, Scott (16 October 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/2020/10/16/924616262/police-in-bangkok-use-water-cannon-to-break-up-anti-government-protests">"Police In Bangkok Use Water Cannon To Break Up Anti-Government Protests"</a>. 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Retrieved 21 October 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NPR.com&rft.atitle=Police+In+Bangkok+Use+Water+Cannon+To+Break+Up+Anti-Government+Protests&rft.date=2020-10-16&rft.aulast=Neumann&rft.aufirst=Scott&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2F2020%2F10%2F16%2F924616262%2Fpolice-in-bangkok-use-water-cannon-to-break-up-anti-government-protests&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2020%E2%80%932021+Thai+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-164"><a href="#cite_ref-164">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYuda2020" class="citation web cs1">Yuda, Masayuki (18 October 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://asia.nikkei.com/Politics/Turbulent-Thailand/Thailand-s-crackdown-on-protests-turns-violent-Five-things-to-know">"Thailand's crackdown on protests turns violent: Five things to know"</a>. 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Bangok Post. 22 October 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20201024144542/https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/politics/2006015/pm-offers-end-to-emergency">Archived</a> from the original on 24 October 2020. Retrieved 22 October 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bangok+Post&rft.atitle=PM+offers+end+to+%27emergency%27&rft.date=2020-10-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bangkokpost.com%2Fthailand%2Fpolitics%2F2006015%2Fpm-offers-end-to-emergency&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2020%E2%80%932021+Thai+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-167"><a href="#cite_ref-167">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.khaosod.co.th/breaking-news/news_5159654">"ม.รามเดือด กลุ่มปกป้องสถาบัน เผชิญหน้า-ปะทะ กลุ่มรามคำแหงปชต. ตร.ห้ามวุ่น"</a>. 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Retrieved 22 October 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Khaosod&rft.atitle=%E0%B8%A1.%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%94+%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B8%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%9B%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%96%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99+%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9C%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%8D%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2-%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B0+%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B8%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B3%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%95.+%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3.%E0%B8%AB%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B8%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%99&rft.date=2020-10-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.khaosod.co.th%2Fbreaking-news%2Fnews_5159654&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2020%E2%80%932021+Thai+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-168"><a href="#cite_ref-168">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/politics/2006459/state-of-emergency-ends-in-bangkok">"State of emergency ends in Bangkok"</a>. Bangkok Post. 22 October 2020. Retrieved 22 October 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bangkok+Post&rft.atitle=State+of+emergency+ends+in+Bangkok&rft.date=2020-10-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bangkokpost.com%2Fthailand%2Fpolitics%2F2006459%2Fstate-of-emergency-ends-in-bangkok&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2020%E2%80%932021+Thai+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-169"><a href="#cite_ref-169">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRegan2020" class="citation news cs1">Regan, Helen (22 October 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://edition.cnn.com/2020/10/22/asia/thailand-protests-state-of-emergency-intl-hnk/index.html">"Thailand's Prime Minister lifts state of emergency. Protesters give him three days to resign"</a>. CNN.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201022064736/https://edition.cnn.com/2020/10/22/asia/thailand-protests-state-of-emergency-intl-hnk/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on 22 October 2020. Retrieved 22 October 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNN.com&rft.atitle=Thailand%27s+Prime+Minister+lifts+state+of+emergency.+Protesters+give+him+three+days+to+resign&rft.date=2020-10-22&rft.aulast=Regan&rft.aufirst=Helen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fedition.cnn.com%2F2020%2F10%2F22%2Fasia%2Fthailand-protests-state-of-emergency-intl-hnk%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2020%E2%80%932021+Thai+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-170"><a href="#cite_ref-170">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/politics/2007843/protesters-plan-action-after-pm-ignores-deadline-to-quit">"Protesters plan action after PM ignores deadline to quit"</a>. Bangkok Post. 25 October 2020. 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Thai Enquirer. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201030174811/https://www.thaienquirer.com/20000/student-protest-leaders-do-not-trust-the-prime-ministers-offer-to-amend-the-constitution-by-december/">Archived</a> from the original on 30 October 2020. 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Retrieved 18 October 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%E0%B8%90%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%90%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%88&rft.atitle=%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A2+%E0%B8%88%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87+%22%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%22+%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%97%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B3%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%9A&rft.date=2020-09-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thansettakij.com%2Fcontent%2Fpolitics%2F449442&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2020%E2%80%932021+Thai+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-248"><a href="#cite_ref-248">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDuangmanee2020" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Duangmanee, Komkrit (22 September 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sanook.com/news/8257771/">"ทราย เจริญปุระ โพสต์โต้ปมควักเงินหนุนม็อบ ลั่น "จะตรวจสอบอะไร ไม่ได้รับบริจาค""</a>. สนุก! นิวส์ (in Thai). Bangkok: เทนเซนต์ (ประเทศไทย). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201018092836/https://www.sanook.com/news/8257771/">Archived</a> from the original on 18 October 2020. Retrieved 18 October 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%81%21+%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%8C&rft.atitle=%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2+%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%8D%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0+%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%9A+%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B1%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%99+%22%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%A3+%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%84%22&rft.date=2020-09-22&rft.aulast=Duangmanee&rft.aufirst=Komkrit&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sanook.com%2Fnews%2F8257771%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2020%E2%80%932021+Thai+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-249"><a href="#cite_ref-249">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sanook.com/news/8255750/">"มาแล้ว! "ทราย เจริญปุระ" ตั้งโรงครัวให้ชาวม็อบ บริเวณสนามหลวงใกล้พระแม่ธรณีฯ"</a>. สนุก! นิวส์ (in Thai). Bangkok: เทนเซนต์ (ประเทศไทย). 19 September 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201018092841/https://www.sanook.com/news/8255750/">Archived</a> from the original on 18 October 2020. Retrieved 18 October 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%81%21+%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%8C&rft.atitle=%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%A7%21+%22%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2+%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%8D%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%22+%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B1%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%AB%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%9A+%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%93%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%93%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%AF&rft.date=2020-09-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sanook.com%2Fnews%2F8255750%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2020%E2%80%932021+Thai+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-250"><a href="#cite_ref-250">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.matichon.co.th/entertainment/news_2400337">"ปังมาก! แฟนคลับเกาหลี โดเนทท่อน้ำเลี้ยงม็อบ ไม่กี่วันทะลุล้าน ผุดแคมเปญ เลิกซื้อโฆษณารฟฟ"</a>. มติชน (in Thai). Bangkok. 17 October 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201023055223/https://www.matichon.co.th/entertainment/news_2400337">Archived</a> from the original on 23 October 2020. Retrieved 18 October 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%99&rft.atitle=%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%81%21+%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B5+%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%97%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B3%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%9A+%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99+%E0%B8%9C%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%8D+%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B7%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%86%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%93%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%9F.&rft.date=2020-10-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.matichon.co.th%2Fentertainment%2Fnews_2400337&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2020%E2%80%932021+Thai+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-251"><a href="#cite_ref-251">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.prachachat.net/d-life/news-539837">"สุดปังพลังติ่ง แฟนคลับศิลปินเกาหลีระดมเงิน 2.3 ล้านสนับสนุนม็อบ"</a>. ประชาชาติธุรกิจ (in Thai). Bangkok. 17 October 2020. Retrieved 18 October 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%88&rft.atitle=%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87+%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99+2.3+%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%9A&rft.date=2020-10-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.prachachat.net%2Fd-life%2Fnews-539837&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2020%E2%80%932021+Thai+protests" class="Z3988">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot">permanent dead link</a>‍] </li> <li id="cite_note-252"><a href="#cite_ref-252">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.korseries.com/thai-kpop-fans-raise-funds-for-pro-democracy-movement-in-thailand/">"เหล่าแฟนคลับศิลปินเกาหลีร่วมระดมทุนท่อน้ำเลี้ยง ยอดทะลุล้านในเวลาอันรวดเร็ว!"</a>. Kornews (in Thai). Bangkok. 18 October 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201018191554/https://www.korseries.com/thai-kpop-fans-raise-funds-for-pro-democracy-movement-in-thailand/">Archived</a> from the original on 18 October 2020. Retrieved 18 October 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Kornews&rft.atitle=%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%97%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B3%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%87+%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%A7%21&rft.date=2020-10-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.korseries.com%2Fthai-kpop-fans-raise-funds-for-pro-democracy-movement-in-thailand%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2020%E2%80%932021+Thai+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-253"><a href="#cite_ref-253">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFกองบรรณาธิการวอยซ์ออนไลน์2020" class="citation web cs1">กองบรรณาธิการวอยซ์ออนไลน์ (16 September 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.voicetv.co.th/read/Z4w98ygTB">"'ศรีสุวรรณ' ร้องสอบ 'ท่อน้ำเลี้ยงม็อบ' รับหาหลักฐานเอาผิด 'กปปส.' ยาก"</a>. Voice Online. Bangkok: Voice. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201018123237/http://www.voicetv.co.th/read/Z4w98ygTB">Archived</a> from the original on 18 October 2020. Retrieved 18 October 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Voice+Online&rft.atitle=%27%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%93%27+%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%9A+%27%E0%B8%97%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B3%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%9A%27+%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%90%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9C%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%94+%27%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%AA.%27+%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%81&rft.date=2020-09-16&rft.au=%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%93%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%8B%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%8C&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.voicetv.co.th%2Fread%2FZ4w98ygTB&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2020%E2%80%932021+Thai+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-254"><a href="#cite_ref-254">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEnglish2020" class="citation news cs1">English, Khaosod (31 August 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.khaosodenglish.com/politics/2020/08/31/u-s-embassy-denies-funding-anti-govt-protests/">"U.S. Embassy Denies Funding Anti-Govt Protests"</a>. Khaosod English. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200921032734/https://www.khaosodenglish.com/politics/2020/08/31/u-s-embassy-denies-funding-anti-govt-protests/">Archived</a> from the original on 21 September 2020. Retrieved 31 August 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Khaosod+English&rft.atitle=U.S.+Embassy+Denies+Funding+Anti-Govt+Protests&rft.date=2020-08-31&rft.aulast=English&rft.aufirst=Khaosod&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.khaosodenglish.com%2Fpolitics%2F2020%2F08%2F31%2Fu-s-embassy-denies-funding-anti-govt-protests%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2020%E2%80%932021+Thai+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-255"><a href="#cite_ref-255">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/politics/2009139/demonstrators-ask-us-to-stop-hybrid-war-against-thailand">"Demonstrators ask US to stop 'hybrid war' against Thailand"</a>. Bangkok Post. 27 October 2020. Retrieved 27 October 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bangkok+Post&rft.atitle=Demonstrators+ask+US+to+stop+%27hybrid+war%27+against+Thailand&rft.date=2020-10-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bangkokpost.com%2Fthailand%2Fpolitics%2F2009139%2Fdemonstrators-ask-us-to-stop-hybrid-war-against-thailand&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2020%E2%80%932021+Thai+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-256"><a href="#cite_ref-256">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nationthailand.com/news/30396857">"Former singer leads royalists in rally outside US embassy"</a>. Nation Thailand. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201102044859/https://www.nationthailand.com/news/30396857?utm_source=homepage&utm_medium=internal_referral">Archived</a> from the original on 2 November 2020. Retrieved 30 October 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nation+Thailand&rft.atitle=Former+singer+leads+royalists+in+rally+outside+US+embassy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nationthailand.com%2Fnews%2F30396857&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2020%E2%80%932021+Thai+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-257"><a href="#cite_ref-257">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChotanan" class="citation web cs1">Chotanan, Patawee. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isaanrecord.com/2020/08/28/dancing-with-dictatorship-how-the-government-is-dealing-youth-movement/">"Dancing with dictatorship: how the government is dealing with the Free Youth movement"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201018091618/https://isaanrecord.com/2020/08/28/dancing-with-dictatorship-how-the-government-is-dealing-youth-movement/">Archived</a> from the original on 18 October 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Dancing+with+dictatorship%3A+how+the+government+is+dealing+with+the+Free+Youth+movement&rft.aulast=Chotanan&rft.aufirst=Patawee&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fisaanrecord.com%2F2020%2F08%2F28%2Fdancing-with-dictatorship-how-the-government-is-dealing-youth-movement%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2020%E2%80%932021+Thai+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-258"><a href="#cite_ref-258">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.komchadluek.net/news/politic/441271">"รอง ผบช.น.รับออกหนังสือคำสั่งใช้รถตัดสัญญาณจริง"</a>. Komchadluek (in Thai). 24 August 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200824100546/https://www.komchadluek.net/news/politic/441271">Archived</a> from the original on 24 August 2020. Retrieved 24 August 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Komchadluek&rft.atitle=%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87+%E0%B8%9C%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%8A.%E0%B8%99.%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B3%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B1%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%8A%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%96%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%8D%E0%B8%8D%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%93%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%87&rft.date=2020-08-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.komchadluek.net%2Fnews%2Fpolitic%2F441271&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2020%E2%80%932021+Thai+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-259"><a href="#cite_ref-259">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thairath.co.th/news/society/1915857">"แห่ดิสไลค์ คลิปกรมประชาฯ โวยรัฐใช้ภาษีทำคลิปดิสเครดิตม็อบเยาวชน"</a>. ไทยรัฐ (in Thai). 22 August 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200822063419/https://www.thairath.co.th/news/society/1915857">Archived</a> from the original on 22 August 2020. Retrieved 22 August 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90&rft.atitle=%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%84%E0%B9%8C+%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AF+%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%8A%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B3%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%99&rft.date=2020-08-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thairath.co.th%2Fnews%2Fsociety%2F1915857&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2020%E2%80%932021+Thai+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-260"><a href="#cite_ref-260">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thaienquirer.com/19568/prayut-says-the-economic-situation-will-not-recover-because-of-the-protesters/">"Prayut says the economic situation will not recover because of the protesters"</a>. Thai Enquirer. 12 October 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201012150358/https://www.thaienquirer.com/19568/prayut-says-the-economic-situation-will-not-recover-because-of-the-protesters/">Archived</a> from the original on 12 October 2020. Retrieved 12 October 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Thai+Enquirer&rft.atitle=Prayut+says+the+economic+situation+will+not+recover+because+of+the+protesters&rft.date=2020-10-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thaienquirer.com%2F19568%2Fprayut-says-the-economic-situation-will-not-recover-because-of-the-protesters%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2020%E2%80%932021+Thai+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-261"><a href="#cite_ref-261">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thaich8.com/news_detail/90258">""บิ๊กแดง" น้ำตาคลอ! เปิดใจถึงม็อบ นศ. เตือนอย่าใช้วาจาจาบจ้วง"</a>. Channel 8 (in Thai). 24 July 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200725185215/https://www.thaich8.com/news_detail/90258">Archived</a> from the original on 25 July 2020. Retrieved 26 July 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Channel+8&rft.atitle=%22%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%8A%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%87%22+%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B3%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%AD%21+%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%96%E0%B8%B6%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%9A+%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%A8.+%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%8A%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%88%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%87&rft.date=2020-07-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thaich8.com%2Fnews_detail%2F90258&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2020%E2%80%932021+Thai+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-262"><a href="#cite_ref-262">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/thai/thailand-54430247">"ผบ.ทบ. ลั่นโอกาสรัฐประหาร "เป็นศูนย์""</a>. BBC ไทย (in Thai). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201108024336/https://www.bbc.com/thai/thailand-54430247">Archived</a> from the original on 8 November 2020. Retrieved 6 October 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A2&rft.atitle=%E0%B8%9C%E0%B8%9A.%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%9A.+%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B1%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3+%22%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9B%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%8C%22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fthai%2Fthailand-54430247&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2020%E2%80%932021+Thai+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-263"><a href="#cite_ref-263">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.thaipbs.or.th/content/294913">"จับตา! #ม็อบไม่มุ้งมิ้งแต่ตุ้งติ้ง ทวง 3 ข้อรัฐบาล"</a>. ThaiPBS (in Thai). 25 July 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200726060624/https://news.thaipbs.or.th/content/294913">Archived</a> from the original on 26 July 2020. Retrieved 26 July 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ThaiPBS&rft.atitle=%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B2%21+%23%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B8%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B8%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%87+%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%87+3+%E0%B8%82%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A5&rft.date=2020-07-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.thaipbs.or.th%2Fcontent%2F294913&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2020%E2%80%932021+Thai+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-264"><a href="#cite_ref-264">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKurlantzick2020" class="citation news cs1">Kurlantzick, Joshua (25 November 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thediplomat.com/2020/11/can-covid-19s-impact-on-democracy-in-southeast-asia-be-reversed/">"Can COVID-19's Impact on Democracy in Southeast Asia be Reversed?"</a>. 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Retrieved 18 August 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B1%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%99&rft.atitle=%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%AB%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3.%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%90.%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%8D%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AB%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A1&rft.date=2020-08-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nationtv.tv%2Fmain%2Fcontent%2F378790959%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2020%E2%80%932021+Thai+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-268"><a href="#cite_ref-268">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/thai/thailand-53886779">"เปิดชื่อ 109 รร. คุกคาม นร. 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Retrieved 23 October 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Manager+Online&rft.atitle=%22%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%87%22+%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%AA+%22%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%81+%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%81+%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%88%22+%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%93%E0%B9%8C+%E0%B8%A3.%E0%B9%99+%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%9C%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%97%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%87+%28%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9B%29&rft.date=2020-10-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmgronline.com%2Fonlinesection%2Fdetail%2F9630000108677&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2020%E2%80%932021+Thai+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-293"><a href="#cite_ref-293">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-thailand-protests-king/thai-kings-praise-for-defiant-loyalist-draws-controversy-idUKKBN27909F">"Thai king's praise for defiant loyalist draws controversy"</a>. Reuters. 24 October 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201024131233/https://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-thailand-protests-king/thai-kings-praise-for-defiant-loyalist-draws-controversy-idUKKBN27909F">Archived</a> from the original on 24 October 2020. Retrieved 24 October 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Thai+king%27s+praise+for+defiant+loyalist+draws+controversy&rft.date=2020-10-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fuk.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fuk-thailand-protests-king%2Fthai-kings-praise-for-defiant-loyalist-draws-controversy-idUKKBN27909F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2020%E2%80%932021+Thai+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-294"><a href="#cite_ref-294">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMillerOlarnRegan" class="citation news cs1">Miller, Jonathan; Olarn, Kocha; Regan, Helen. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://edition.cnn.com/2020/11/01/asia/thailand-king-vajiralongkorn-protests-intl-hnk/index.html">"'Thailand is the land of compromise,' Thai King says in rare public comments"</a>. 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Retrieved 30 August 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=mgronline.com&rft.atitle=%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%A7%21+%22%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%22+%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%81+%22%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B2%22+%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%89%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%A2+%22%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%88%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%22+%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%9A+%22%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%22+%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%96%E0%B8%81+%22%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%8A%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%87%22&rft.date=2020-07-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmgronline.com%2Fpolitics%2Fdetail%2F9630000075756&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2020%E2%80%932021+Thai+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-297"><a href="#cite_ref-297">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thairath.co.th/news/politic/1926191">"เพื่อไทย แถลงการณ์ ของเสียงทุกฝ่ายให้ครบ 250 ดัน ตั้ง ส.ส.ร.แก้รธน"</a>. 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Bright Today (in Thai). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200913094117/https://www.brighttv.co.th/news/politics/heartrocker">Archived</a> from the original on 13 September 2020. Retrieved 30 August 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bright+Today&rft.atitle=%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81+HRK+%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B0+%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%8A%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%8A%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88+%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87+%E0%B8%96%E0%B8%B6%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B8%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A1+%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81&rft.date=2020-07-20&rft.aulast=S&rft.aufirst=Achi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.brighttv.co.th%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Fheartrocker&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2020%E2%80%932021+Thai+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-300"><a href="#cite_ref-300">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://workpointtoday.com/time-to-call-out/">"Time to call out. Thai stars show solidarity with protest leader"</a>. workpointTODAY. 13 August 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200913081545/https://workpointtoday.com/time-to-call-out/">Archived</a> from the original on 13 September 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=workpointTODAY&rft.atitle=Time+to+call+out.+Thai+stars+show+solidarity+with+protest+leader.&rft.date=2020-08-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fworkpointtoday.com%2Ftime-to-call-out%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2020%E2%80%932021+Thai+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-301"><a href="#cite_ref-301">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amarintv.com/news/detail/39223">"คอมเมนต์สนั่น! ปรากฏการณ์โซเชียลมูฟเมนต์ จากไอดอลสาว BNK 48"</a>. Amarin (in Thai). 19 July 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200913090319/https://www.amarintv.com/news/detail/39223">Archived</a> from the original on 13 September 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Amarin&rft.atitle=%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%99%21+%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%8F%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%93%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%8B%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%9F%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%8C+%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7+BNK+48&rft.date=2020-07-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.amarintv.com%2Fnews%2Fdetail%2F39223&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2020%E2%80%932021+Thai+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-302"><a href="#cite_ref-302">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPrachachat2020" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Prachachat (14 August 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.prachachat.net/social-media-viral/news-505715">"ดารา-คนบันเทิง แห่โพสต์สนับสนุนเสรีภาพ ต้านการคุกคามประชาชน"</a>. ประชาชาติธุรกิจ (in Thai). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200921154503/https://www.prachachat.net/social-media-viral/news-505715">Archived</a> from the original on 21 September 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%88&rft.atitle=%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2-%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%87+%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B9%88%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9E+%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%99&rft.date=2020-08-14&rft.au=Prachachat&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.prachachat.net%2Fsocial-media-viral%2Fnews-505715&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2020%E2%80%932021+Thai+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-303"><a href="#cite_ref-303">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/general/2004067/doctor-sacked-for-opposing-govts-dispersal-of-protesters">"Doctor sacked for opposing govt's dispersal of protesters"</a>. Bangkok Post. 18 October 2020. Retrieved 18 October 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bangkok+Post&rft.atitle=Doctor+sacked+for+opposing+govt%27s+dispersal+of+protesters&rft.date=2020-10-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bangkokpost.com%2Fthailand%2Fgeneral%2F2004067%2Fdoctor-sacked-for-opposing-govts-dispersal-of-protesters&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2020%E2%80%932021+Thai+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-304"><a href="#cite_ref-304">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicef.org/thailand/press-releases/unicef-calls-protection-children-and-young-people-amid-protests-thailand">"UNICEF calls for the protection of children and young people amid protests in Thailand"</a>. www.unicef.org (in English and Thai). 18 August 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200920184052/https://www.unicef.org/thailand/press-releases/unicef-calls-protection-children-and-young-people-amid-protests-thailand">Archived</a> from the original on 20 September 2020. Retrieved 14 September 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.unicef.org&rft.atitle=UNICEF+calls+for+the+protection+of+children+and+young+people+amid+protests+in+Thailand&rft.date=2020-08-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.unicef.org%2Fthailand%2Fpress-releases%2Funicef-calls-protection-children-and-young-people-amid-protests-thailand&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2020%E2%80%932021+Thai+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-305"><a href="#cite_ref-305">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nationthailand.com/news/30393142">"Unicef reminds Thailand of young people's right to safety, freedom of expression"</a>. The Nation. 18 August 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201030090755/https://www.nationthailand.com/news/30393142">Archived</a> from the original on 30 October 2020. Retrieved 14 September 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Nation&rft.atitle=Unicef+reminds+Thailand+of+young+people%27s+right+to+safety%2C+freedom+of+expression&rft.date=2020-08-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nationthailand.com%2Fnews%2F30393142&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2020%E2%80%932021+Thai+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-306"><a href="#cite_ref-306">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dw.com/en/thailand-bangkok-shuts-public-transport-as-protests-persist/a-55308905">"Thailand: Bangkok shuts public transport as protests persist | DW | 17 October 2020"</a>. Deutsche Welle. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201017232154/https://www.dw.com/en/thailand-bangkok-shuts-public-transport-as-protests-persist/a-55308905">Archived</a> from the original on 17 October 2020. Retrieved 17 October 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Deutsche+Welle&rft.atitle=Thailand%3A+Bangkok+shuts+public+transport+as+protests+persist+%7C+DW+%7C+17+October+2020&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dw.com%2Fen%2Fthailand-bangkok-shuts-public-transport-as-protests-persist%2Fa-55308905&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2020%E2%80%932021+Thai+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-307"><a href="#cite_ref-307">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.euronews.com/2020/10/15/thailand-pm-declares-state-of-emergency-as-police-disperse-protesters-outside-his-office">"Thailand: Police disperse pro-democracy protesters outside PM's office"</a>. Euro News. 15 October 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201016235506/https://www.euronews.com/2020/10/15/thailand-pm-declares-state-of-emergency-as-police-disperse-protesters-outside-his-office">Archived</a> from the original on 16 October 2020. Retrieved 15 October 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Euro+News&rft.atitle=Thailand%3A+Police+disperse+pro-democracy+protesters+outside+PM%27s+office&rft.date=2020-10-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.euronews.com%2F2020%2F10%2F15%2Fthailand-pm-declares-state-of-emergency-as-police-disperse-protesters-outside-his-office&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2020%E2%80%932021+Thai+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-308"><a href="#cite_ref-308">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBoonlert2020" class="citation news cs1">Boonlert, Thana (25 October 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/politics/2007791/hong-kong-students-pledge-loyalty-to-thai-protesters">"Hong Kong students pledge loyalty to Thai protesters"</a>. Bangkok Post. Retrieved 30 October 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bangkok+Post&rft.atitle=Hong+Kong+students+pledge+loyalty+to+Thai+protesters&rft.date=2020-10-25&rft.aulast=Boonlert&rft.aufirst=Thana&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bangkokpost.com%2Fthailand%2Fpolitics%2F2007791%2Fhong-kong-students-pledge-loyalty-to-thai-protesters&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2020%E2%80%932021+Thai+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-309"><a href="#cite_ref-309">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.khaosod.co.th/politics/news_5123020">"โจชัว หว่อง ฝากถึงชาวโลก ให้ช่วยยืนเคียงข้างชาวไทยหัวใจประชาธิปไตย"</a>. Khaosod (in Thai). 16 October 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201101030111/https://www.khaosod.co.th/politics/news_5123020">Archived</a> from the original on 1 November 2020. Retrieved 16 October 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Khaosod&rft.atitle=%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A7+%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87+%E0%B8%9D%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%96%E0%B8%B6%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%81+%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%AB%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%8A%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%82%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9B%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A2&rft.date=2020-10-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.khaosod.co.th%2Fpolitics%2Fnews_5123020&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2020%E2%80%932021+Thai+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-310"><a href="#cite_ref-310">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://voicetv.co.th/read/5o70Fh_nU">"เกาหลีใต้ จี้ รบ.เลิกส่งออกรถฉีดน้ำสลายม็อบ"</a>. VoiceTV (in Thai). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201026173021/https://voicetv.co.th/read/5o70Fh_nU">Archived</a> from the original on 26 October 2020. Retrieved 23 October 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=VoiceTV&rft.atitle=%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%89+%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%89+%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%9A.%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%96%E0%B8%89%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B3%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%9A&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvoicetv.co.th%2Fread%2F5o70Fh_nU&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2020%E2%80%932021+Thai+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-311"><a href="#cite_ref-311">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/politics/2006623/prayut-lifts-state-of-emergency">"Prayut lifts state of emergency"</a>. Bangkok Post. 23 October 2020. Retrieved 23 October 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bangkok+Post&rft.atitle=Prayut+lifts+state+of+emergency&rft.date=2020-10-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bangkokpost.com%2Fthailand%2Fpolitics%2F2006623%2Fprayut-lifts-state-of-emergency&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2020%E2%80%932021+Thai+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-312"><a href="#cite_ref-312">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEnglish2020" class="citation news cs1">English, Khaosod (16 October 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.khaosodenglish.com/opinion/2020/10/17/editorial-prayut-has-lost-all-legitimacy-he-must-go/">"Editorial: Prayut Has Lost All Legitimacy. He Must Go"</a>. Khaosod English. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201019152736/https://www.khaosodenglish.com/opinion/2020/10/17/editorial-prayut-has-lost-all-legitimacy-he-must-go/">Archived</a> from the original on 19 October 2020. Retrieved 17 October 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Khaosod+English&rft.atitle=Editorial%3A+Prayut+Has+Lost+All+Legitimacy.+He+Must+Go.&rft.date=2020-10-16&rft.aulast=English&rft.aufirst=Khaosod&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.khaosodenglish.com%2Fopinion%2F2020%2F10%2F17%2Feditorial-prayut-has-lost-all-legitimacy-he-must-go%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2020%E2%80%932021+Thai+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-313"><a href="#cite_ref-313">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bangkokpost.com/opinion/opinion/2004247/listen-to-the-young">"Listen to the young"</a>. Bangkok Post. 19 October 2020. Retrieved 19 October 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bangkok+Post&rft.atitle=Listen+to+the+young&rft.date=2020-10-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bangkokpost.com%2Fopinion%2Fopinion%2F2004247%2Flisten-to-the-young&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2020%E2%80%932021+Thai+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-314"><a href="#cite_ref-314">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bangkokpost.com/opinion/opinion/1987667/cool-heads-must-prevail">"Cool heads must prevail"</a>. Bangkok Post. 18 September 2020. Retrieved 18 September 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bangkok+Post&rft.atitle=Cool+heads+must+prevail&rft.date=2020-09-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bangkokpost.com%2Fopinion%2Fopinion%2F1987667%2Fcool-heads-must-prevail&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2020%E2%80%932021+Thai+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-315"><a href="#cite_ref-315">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nationtv.tv/main/content/378789482/">"สถาบันทิศทางไทย เปิดผังเครือข่ายปฏิวัติประชาชน(เพ้อฝัน)"</a>. Nation (in Thai). 10 August 2020. Retrieved 10 August 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nation&rft.atitle=%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%96%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A2+%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%9C%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%82%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%8F%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%99%28%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9E%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%9D%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%29&rft.date=2020-08-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nationtv.tv%2Fmain%2Fcontent%2F378789482%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2020%E2%80%932021+Thai+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-316"><a href="#cite_ref-316">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://asia.nikkei.com/Editor-s-Picks/Interview/Thai-protest-icon-is-prepared-to-cross-kingdom-s-forbidden-line">"Thai protest icon is 'prepared' to cross kingdom's forbidden line"</a>. Nikkei Asian Review. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200919040720/https://asia.nikkei.com/Editor-s-Picks/Interview/Thai-protest-icon-is-prepared-to-cross-kingdom-s-forbidden-line">Archived</a> from the original on 19 September 2020. Retrieved 19 September 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Nikkei+Asian+Review&rft.atitle=Thai+protest+icon+is+%27prepared%27+to+cross+kingdom%27s+forbidden+line&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fasia.nikkei.com%2FEditor-s-Picks%2FInterview%2FThai-protest-icon-is-prepared-to-cross-kingdom-s-forbidden-line&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2020%E2%80%932021+Thai+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-317"><a href="#cite_ref-317">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bangkokbiznews.com/news/detail/902934">"ตำรวจ บุกไทยซัมมิท กลางวงแถลงข่าวคณะก้าวหน้า"</a>. Bangkokbiznews (in Thai). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201018224240/https://www.bangkokbiznews.com/news/detail/902934">Archived</a> from the original on 18 October 2020. Retrieved 16 October 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bangkokbiznews&rft.atitle=%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%88+%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%97+%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%96%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%82%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%93%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bangkokbiznews.com%2Fnews%2Fdetail%2F902934&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2020%E2%80%932021+Thai+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-318"><a href="#cite_ref-318">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.matichon.co.th/politics/news_2391144">"บุก 'ไทยซัมมิท' หนสอง ศ.ป.ป.ส.ไล่ 'ธนาธร' พ้นแผ่นดิน จี้ถือธงนำหน้า อย่าแอบหลังขบวนการ น.ศ."</a> Matichon (in Thai). 12 October 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201013002437/https://www.matichon.co.th/politics/news_2391144">Archived</a> from the original on 13 October 2020. Retrieved 16 October 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Matichon&rft.atitle=%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%81+%27%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%97%27+%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87+%E0%B8%A8.%E0%B8%9B.%E0%B8%9B.%E0%B8%AA.%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%88+%27%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%A3%27+%E0%B8%9E%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9C%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99+%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%96%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B3%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2+%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3+%E0%B8%99.%E0%B8%A8.&rft.date=2020-10-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.matichon.co.th%2Fpolitics%2Fnews_2391144&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2020%E2%80%932021+Thai+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-319"><a href="#cite_ref-319">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thebangkokinsight.com/480954/">"แอมมี่ The Bottom Blues โพสต์คลิปเพื่อนโดนยิง ยันกระสุนจริงแน่นอน – The Bangkok Insight"</a>. Bangkokinsight.com (in Thai). Retrieved 25 November 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bangkokinsight.com&rft.atitle=%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88+The+Bottom+Blues+%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9B%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B7%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%87+%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99+%E2%80%93+The+Bangkok+Insight&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thebangkokinsight.com%2F480954%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2020%E2%80%932021+Thai+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-320"><a href="#cite_ref-320">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.khaosod.co.th/special-stories/news_5398417">"ชาวเน็ตสงสัย พบกลุ่มชายหัวเกรียน รวมตัวเป็นกลุ่ม ตั้งข้อสังเกต เตรียมแฝงม็อบ?"</a>. Khaosod (in Thai). 25 November 2020. Retrieved 25 November 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Khaosod&rft.atitle=%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A2+%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B8%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%99+%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9B%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B8%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A1+%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B1%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%82%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%95+%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9D%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%9A%3F&rft.date=2020-11-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.khaosod.co.th%2Fspecial-stories%2Fnews_5398417&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2020%E2%80%932021+Thai+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-321"><a href="#cite_ref-321">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.naewna.com/politic/columnist/44933">"หยุดจาบจ้วงพระมหากษัตริย์"</a>. Naewna (in Thai). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200913074435/https://www.naewna.com/politic/columnist/44933">Archived</a> from the original on 13 September 2020. Retrieved 17 August 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Naewna&rft.atitle=%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%88%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%8C&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.naewna.com%2Fpolitic%2Fcolumnist%2F44933&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2020%E2%80%932021+Thai+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-322"><a href="#cite_ref-322">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dailynews.co.th/politics/789354">"'สุดารัตน์'ติงไม่ควรก้าวล่วงสถาบัน วอนยึด3ข้อเรียกร้อง"</a>. เดลินิวส์ (in Thai). 11 August 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200811184906/https://dailynews.co.th/politics/789354">Archived</a> from the original on 11 August 2020. Retrieved 11 August 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%8C&rft.atitle=%27%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%8C%27%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%96%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99+%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B6%E0%B8%943%E0%B8%82%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87&rft.date=2020-08-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dailynews.co.th%2Fpolitics%2F789354&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2020%E2%80%932021+Thai+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-323"><a href="#cite_ref-323">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNeumayer2015" class="citation cs2">Neumayer, Christina (22 December 2015), "Nationalist and Anti-Fascist Movements in Social Media", The Routledge Companion to Social Media and Politics, New York, NY: Routledge, pp. 296–307, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4324%2F9781315716299-22">10.4324/9781315716299-22</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-315-71629-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-315-71629-9"><bdi>978-1-315-71629-9</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Routledge+Companion+to+Social+Media+and+Politics&rft.atitle=Nationalist+and+Anti-Fascist+Movements+in+Social+Media&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E296-%3C%2Fspan%3E307&rft.date=2015-12-22&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.4324%2F9781315716299-22&rft.isbn=978-1-315-71629-9&rft.aulast=Neumayer&rft.aufirst=Christina&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2020%E2%80%932021+Thai+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:RCO1-324"><a href="#cite_ref-:RCO1_324-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSombatpoonsiriCarnegie_Endowment_for_International_Peace2018" class="citation book cs1">Sombatpoonsiri, Janjira; Carnegie Endowment for International Peace (2018). 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ASEAS – Austrian Journal of South-East Asian Studies (in German). 9 (2): 215–234. 2016. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1999-2521">1999-2521</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/7179244833">7179244833</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ASEAS+%E2%80%93+Austrian+Journal+of+South-East+Asian+Studies&rft.atitle=New+Social+Media+and+Politics+in+Thailand%3A+The+Emergence+of+Fascist+Vigilante+Groups+on+Facebook&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E215-%3C%2Fspan%3E234&rft.date=2016&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F7179244833&rft.issn=1999-2521&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2020%E2%80%932021+Thai+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-328"><a href="#cite_ref-328">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thisrupt.co/current-affairs/whores-sluts-why-good-people-love-these-insults/">""Whores" & "Sluts": why "good people" love these insults"</a>. thisrupt.co. 11 September 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200911123527/https://thisrupt.co/current-affairs/whores-sluts-why-good-people-love-these-insults/">Archived</a> from the original on 11 September 2020. Retrieved 14 September 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=thisrupt.co&rft.atitle=%22Whores%22+%26+%22Sluts%22%3A+why+%22good+people%22+love+these+insults&rft.date=2020-09-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthisrupt.co%2Fcurrent-affairs%2Fwhores-sluts-why-good-people-love-these-insults%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2020%E2%80%932021+Thai+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-329"><a href="#cite_ref-329">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://prachatai.com/english/node/8801">"Constitutional Court accepts treason complaint against protest leaders"</a>. Prachatai English. 16 September 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201026103631/https://prachatai.com/english/node/8801">Archived</a> from the original on 26 October 2020. Retrieved 19 September 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Prachatai+English&rft.atitle=Constitutional+Court+accepts+treason+complaint+against+protest+leaders&rft.date=2020-09-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fprachatai.com%2Fenglish%2Fnode%2F8801&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2020%E2%80%932021+Thai+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-330"><a href="#cite_ref-330">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEnglish2020" class="citation news cs1">English, Khaosod (17 September 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.khaosodenglish.com/politics/2020/09/17/court-to-rule-whether-protest-leaders-committed-treason/">"Court To Rule Whether Protest Leaders Committed Treason"</a>. Khaosod English. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200921032142/https://www.khaosodenglish.com/politics/2020/09/17/court-to-rule-whether-protest-leaders-committed-treason/">Archived</a> from the original on 21 September 2020. Retrieved 19 September 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Khaosod+English&rft.atitle=Court+To+Rule+Whether+Protest+Leaders+Committed+Treason&rft.date=2020-09-17&rft.aulast=English&rft.aufirst=Khaosod&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.khaosodenglish.com%2Fpolitics%2F2020%2F09%2F17%2Fcourt-to-rule-whether-protest-leaders-committed-treason%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2020%E2%80%932021+Thai+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-331"><a href="#cite_ref-331">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mgronline.com/daily/detail/9630000104991">"ม็อบ3นิ้วเหิมเกริมหนักล้อมขบวนเสด็จ-ยึดทำเนียบฯไล่นายกฯ"</a>. Manager Online. 15 October 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201108024428/https://mgronline.com/daily/detail/9630000104991">Archived</a> from the original on 8 November 2020. Retrieved 15 October 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Manager+Online&rft.atitle=%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%9A3%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%88-%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B6%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B3%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AF%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%AF&rft.date=2020-10-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmgronline.com%2Fdaily%2Fdetail%2F9630000104991&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2020%E2%80%932021+Thai+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-332"><a href="#cite_ref-332">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thaipost.net/main/detail/80559">"เอาแล้ว! 'ลุงกำนัน' เหลืออดม็อบคุกคามขบวนเสด็จ ชวนพี่น้องร่วมอุดมการณ์ปกป้องสถาบัน"</a>. Thai Post (in Thai). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201017234025/https://www.thaipost.net/main/detail/80559">Archived</a> from the original on 17 October 2020. Retrieved 15 October 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Thai+Post&rft.atitle=%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%A7%21+%27%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B3%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%27+%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%88+%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%93%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%9B%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%96%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thaipost.net%2Fmain%2Fdetail%2F80559&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2020%E2%80%932021+Thai+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-333"><a href="#cite_ref-333">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://prachatai.com/english/node/8785">"11th grader summoned by teacher, asked not to give protest speeches"</a>. Prachatai. 11 September 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200913183145/https://prachatai.com/english/node/8785">Archived</a> from the original on 13 September 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Prachatai&rft.atitle=11th+grader+summoned+by+teacher%2C+asked+not+to+give+protest+speeches&rft.date=2020-09-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fprachatai.com%2Fenglish%2Fnode%2F8785&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2020%E2%80%932021+Thai+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-334"><a href="#cite_ref-334">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thaipost.net/main/detail/75897">"'อ.เจษฎา' ชี้ม็อบสาดสีใส่ตร. 'รุนแรง-คุกคาม' ยกตัวอย่างสากลประท้วงสันติวิธีด้วยภาพวาด"</a>. Thai Post (in Thai). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200913085247/https://www.thaipost.net/main/detail/75897">Archived</a> from the original on 13 September 2020. Retrieved 1 September 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Thai+Post&rft.atitle=%27%E0%B8%AD.%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%8E%E0%B8%B2%27+%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3.+%27%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%87-%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%27+%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%97%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%94&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thaipost.net%2Fmain%2Fdetail%2F75897&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2020%E2%80%932021+Thai+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-335"><a href="#cite_ref-335">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thaipost.net/main/detail/75833">"เพจโปลิศไทยแลนด์ ตำหนิม็อบสาดสีใส่ตำรวจไม่เกิดผลดีเลย แสดงออกถึงตัวตนเป็นเช่นไร"</a>. Thai Post (in Thai). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200913080543/https://www.thaipost.net/main/detail/75833">Archived</a> from the original on 13 September 2020. Retrieved 1 September 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Thai+Post&rft.atitle=%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%88%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A8%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%8C+%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B3%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%88%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%9C%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%A2+%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%96%E0%B8%B6%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9B%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8A%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%A3&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thaipost.net%2Fmain%2Fdetail%2F75833&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2020%E2%80%932021+Thai+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-336"><a href="#cite_ref-336">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPrateepchaikul2020" class="citation news cs1">Prateepchaikul, Veera (31 August 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bangkokpost.com/opinion/opinion/1977175/throwing-paint-is-not-peaceful-protest">"Throwing paint is not peaceful protest"</a>. Bangkok Post. Retrieved 25 November 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bangkok+Post&rft.atitle=Throwing+paint+is+not+peaceful+protest&rft.date=2020-08-31&rft.aulast=Prateepchaikul&rft.aufirst=Veera&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bangkokpost.com%2Fopinion%2Fopinion%2F1977175%2Fthrowing-paint-is-not-peaceful-protest&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2020%E2%80%932021+Thai+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-337"><a href="#cite_ref-337">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.khaosod.co.th/politics/news_4983505">"หมอสุกิจ อัดม็อบหยาบคายใส่ 'ชวน' ยันเป็นกลาง ไล่ไปด่า ส.ส.-สว.ตัวเอง"</a>. ข่าวสด (in Thai). 25 September 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201017112222/https://www.khaosod.co.th/politics/news_4983505">Archived</a> from the original on 17 October 2020. Retrieved 14 October 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%E0%B8%82%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%94&rft.atitle=%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%88+%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%88+%27%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%99%27+%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9B%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87+%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%88%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2+%E0%B8%AA.%E0%B8%AA.-%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A7.%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87&rft.date=2020-09-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.khaosod.co.th%2Fpolitics%2Fnews_4983505&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2020%E2%80%932021+Thai+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-338"><a href="#cite_ref-338">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-54675173">"Thai king in rare praise for pro-monarchists"</a>. BBC.com. 24 October 2020. Retrieved 15 July 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC.com&rft.atitle=Thai+king+in+rare+praise+for+pro-monarchists&rft.date=2020-10-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-asia-54675173&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2020%E2%80%932021+Thai+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-339"><a href="#cite_ref-339">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://siamrath.co.th/n/191988">"มือมืดปาสี ใส่กลุ่มไทยภักดี ขณะชุมนุมปกป้องสถาบันที่ศาลหลักเมืองขอนแก่น"</a>. Siam Rath (in Thai). 23 October 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201026141244/https://siamrath.co.th/n/191988">Archived</a> from the original on 26 October 2020. Retrieved 23 October 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Siam+Rath&rft.atitle=%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B5+%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B8%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5+%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%93%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%9B%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%96%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%99&rft.date=2020-10-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsiamrath.co.th%2Fn%2F191988&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2020%E2%80%932021+Thai+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-340"><a href="#cite_ref-340">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dailynews.co.th/politics/802725">"ชูป้ายผิดชีวิตเปลี่ยน หวิดถูก'กลุ่มผู้ชุมนุม'ประชาทัณฑ์"</a>. Daily News (in Thai). 23 October 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201023071307/https://dailynews.co.th/politics/802725">Archived</a> from the original on 23 October 2020. Retrieved 23 October 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Daily+News&rft.atitle=%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%9B%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%9C%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%99+%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%96%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%81%27%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B8%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%9C%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A1%27%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%93%E0%B8%91%E0%B9%8C&rft.date=2020-10-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dailynews.co.th%2Fpolitics%2F802725&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2020%E2%80%932021+Thai+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-341"><a href="#cite_ref-341">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-54865586">"Thailand protests: Police deploy water cannon in Bangkok"</a>. BBC.com. 8 November 2020. Retrieved 9 November 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC.com&rft.atitle=Thailand+protests%3A+Police+deploy+water+cannon+in+Bangkok&rft.date=2020-11-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-asia-54865586&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2020%E2%80%932021+Thai+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-342"><a href="#cite_ref-342">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRojanaphruk2021" class="citation news cs1">Rojanaphruk, Pravit (19 July 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.khaosodenglish.com/news/crimecourtscalamity/2021/07/19/foodpanda-faces-boycott-after-calling-anti-govt-protester-terrorist/">"Foodpanda Faces Boycott After Calling Anti-Gov't Protester 'Terrorist'"</a>. Khaosod English. Retrieved 2 August 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Khaosod+English&rft.atitle=Foodpanda+Faces+Boycott+After+Calling+Anti-Gov%27t+Protester+%27Terrorist%27&rft.date=2021-07-19&rft.aulast=Rojanaphruk&rft.aufirst=Pravit&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.khaosodenglish.com%2Fnews%2Fcrimecourtscalamity%2F2021%2F07%2F19%2Ffoodpanda-faces-boycott-after-calling-anti-govt-protester-terrorist%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2020%E2%80%932021+Thai+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-343"><a href="#cite_ref-343">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/politics/1973067">"Majority agree with Free People group's demands: Poll"</a>. Bangkok Post. 23 August 2020. Retrieved 23 August 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bangkok+Post&rft.atitle=Majority+agree+with+Free+People+group%27s+demands%3A+Poll&rft.date=2020-08-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bangkokpost.com%2Fthailand%2Fpolitics%2F1973067&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2020%E2%80%932021+Thai+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-344"><a href="#cite_ref-344">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReganOlarn" class="citation news cs1">Regan, Helen; Olarn, Kocha. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://edition.cnn.com/2020/08/17/asia/thailand-democracy-protests-monarchy-intl-hnk/index.html">"Thailand's monarchy was long considered God-like. But protesters say it's time for change"</a>. CNN. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200826024326/https://edition.cnn.com/2020/08/17/asia/thailand-democracy-protests-monarchy-intl-hnk/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on 26 August 2020. 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Khaosod English. 13 August 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200829190627/https://www.khaosodenglish.com/opinion/2020/08/13/opinion-student-protest-leaders-lack-a-coherent-strategy/">Archived</a> from the original on 29 August 2020. 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Retrieved 11 December 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BloombergQuint&rft.atitle=Thai+Economic+Recovery+Shaken+as+Protests+Pose+New+Risks&rft.date=2020-10-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bloombergquint.com%2Fglobal-economics%2Fthai-economy-s-covid-recovery-shaken-as-protests-pose-new-risks&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2020%E2%80%932021+Thai+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-360"><a href="#cite_ref-360">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-59230566">"Thai court says calls for monarchy reform unconstitutional"</a>. BBC News. 10 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Thai+court+says+calls+for+monarchy+reform+unconstitutional&rft.date=2021-11-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-asia-59230566&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2020%E2%80%932021+Thai+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(12)"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div><section class="mf-section-12 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-12"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 30px;height: 40px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="30" data-height="40" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Demonstrations_and_protests_in_Thailand_in_2020" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Demonstrations and protests in Thailand in 2020">Demonstrations and protests in Thailand in 2020</a>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://workpointtoday.com/hamtaro-dragqueen-and-thai-politics/">"From Hamtaro to Drag Queen: Pop Cultures as the New Means for Thai Political Movement"</a>. workpointTODAY. 27 July 2020. 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href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demonstrasjonene_i_Thailand_2020" title="Demonstrasjonene i Thailand 2020 – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Demonstrasjonene i Thailand 2020" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protestos_na_Tail%C3%A2ndia_em_2020" title="Protestos na Tailândia em 2020 – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Protestos na Tailândia em 2020" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%B2_%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5_(2020%E2%80%932021)" title="Протесты в Таиланде (2020–2021) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Протесты в Таиланде (2020–2021)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020%E2%80%932021_Thai_protests" title="2020–2021 Thai protests – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="2020–2021 Thai protests" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%97%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A2_%E0%B8%9E.%E0%B8%A8._2563%E2%80%932564" title="การประท้วงในประเทศไทย พ.ศ. 2563–2564 – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" 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