CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" xmlns:fb="http://www.facebook.com/2008/fbml" class="wf-loading"> <head prefix="og: https://ogp.me/ns# fb: https://ogp.me/ns/fb# academia: https://ogp.me/ns/fb/academia#"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta name=viewport content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <meta rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/open_search.xml" title="Academia.edu"> <title>Eeva Salo | University of Helsinki - Academia.edu</title>  <link href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/favicon-production.ico" rel="shortcut icon" type="image/vnd.microsoft.icon"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="57x57" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-57x57.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="60x60" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-60x60.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="72x72" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-72x72.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="76x76" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-76x76.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="114x114" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-114x114.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="120x120" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-120x120.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="144x144" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-144x144.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="152x152" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-152x152.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-180x180.png"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/favicon-32x32.png" sizes="32x32"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/favicon-194x194.png" sizes="194x194"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/favicon-96x96.png" sizes="96x96"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/android-chrome-192x192.png" sizes="192x192"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/favicon-16x16.png" sizes="16x16"> <link rel="manifest" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/manifest.json"> <meta name="msapplication-TileColor" content="#2b5797"> <meta name="msapplication-TileImage" content="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/mstile-144x144.png"> <meta name="theme-color" content="#ffffff"> <script> window.performance && window.performance.measure && window.performance.measure("Time To First Byte", "requestStart", "responseStart"); </script> <script> (function() { if (!window.URLSearchParams || !window.history || !window.history.replaceState) { return; } var searchParams = new URLSearchParams(window.location.search); var paramsToDelete = [ 'fs', 'sm', 'swp', 'iid', 'nbs', 'rcc', // related content category 'rcpos', // related content carousel position 'rcpg', // related carousel page 'rchid', // related content hit id 'f_ri', // research interest id, for SEO tracking 'f_fri', // featured research interest, for SEO tracking (param key without value) 'f_rid', // from research interest directory for SEO tracking 'f_loswp', // from research interest pills on LOSWP sidebar for SEO tracking 'rhid', // referrring hit id ]; if (paramsToDelete.every((key) => searchParams.get(key) === null)) { return; } paramsToDelete.forEach((key) => { searchParams.delete(key); }); var cleanUrl = new URL(window.location.href); cleanUrl.search = searchParams.toString(); history.replaceState({}, document.title, cleanUrl); })(); </script> <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-5VKX33P2DS"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-5VKX33P2DS', { cookie_domain: 'academia.edu', send_page_view: false, }); gtag('event', 'page_view', { 'controller': "profiles/works", 'action': "summary", 'controller_action': 'profiles/works#summary', 'logged_in': 'false', 'edge': 'unknown', // Send nil if there is no A/B test bucket, in case some records get logged // with missing data - that way we can distinguish between the two cases. // ab_test_bucket should be of the form <ab_test_name>:<bucket> 'ab_test_bucket': null, }) </script> <script type="text/javascript"> window.sendUserTiming = function(timingName) { if (!(window.performance && window.performance.measure)) return; var entries = window.performance.getEntriesByName(timingName, "measure"); if (entries.length !== 1) return; var timingValue = Math.round(entries[0].duration); gtag('event', 'timing_complete', { name: timingName, value: timingValue, event_category: 'User-centric', }); }; window.sendUserTiming("Time To First Byte"); </script> <meta name="csrf-param" content="authenticity_token" /> <meta name="csrf-token" content="Y8iuHxJfgYBt1U6Tg-ZjtpXw10RAwJTOP_yFVNV4IU3zdwJfms8wGrqJgBp6yOjlOsDBBLdnjmPEEJBp4uYZ8g" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow-3d36c19b4875b226bfed0fcba1dcea3f2fe61148383d97c0465c016b8c969290.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/social/home-79e78ce59bef0a338eb6540ec3d93b4a7952115b56c57f1760943128f4544d42.css" /><script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"ProfilePage","mainEntity":{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Person","name":"Eeva Salo","url":"https://helsinki.academia.edu/ESalo","sameAs":["https://www.facebook.com/app_scoped_user_id/10207696948274134/"]},"dateCreated":"2016-01-27T22:39:31-08:00","dateModified":"2024-09-27T23:00:16-07:00","name":"Eeva Salo","description":"PID specialist","sameAs":["https://www.facebook.com/app_scoped_user_id/10207696948274134/"],"relatedLink":"https://www.academia.edu/115663789/Lapsen_kaulapatti_milloin_ep%C3%A4ill%C3%A4_ymp%C3%A4rist%C3%B6mykobakteeritulehdusta"}</script><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/design_system/heading-95367dc03b794f6737f30123738a886cf53b7a65cdef98a922a98591d60063e3.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/design_system/button-8c9ae4b5c8a2531640c354d92a1f3579c8ff103277ef74913e34c8a76d4e6c00.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/design_system/body-170d1319f0e354621e81ca17054bb147da2856ec0702fe440a99af314a6338c5.css" /><style type="text/css">@media(max-width: 567px){:root{--token-mode: Parity;--dropshadow: 0 2px 4px 0 #22223340;--primary-brand: #0645b1;--error-dark: #b60000;--success-dark: #05b01c;--inactive-fill: #ebebee;--hover: #0c3b8d;--pressed: #082f75;--button-primary-fill-inactive: #ebebee;--button-primary-fill: #0645b1;--button-primary-text: #ffffff;--button-primary-fill-hover: #0c3b8d;--button-primary-fill-press: #082f75;--button-primary-icon: #ffffff;--button-primary-fill-inverse: #ffffff;--button-primary-text-inverse: #082f75;--button-primary-icon-inverse: #0645b1;--button-primary-fill-inverse-hover: #cddaef;--button-primary-stroke-inverse-pressed: #0645b1;--button-secondary-stroke-inactive: #b1b1ba;--button-secondary-fill: #eef2f9;--button-secondary-text: #082f75;--button-secondary-fill-press: #cddaef;--button-secondary-fill-inactive: #ebebee;--button-secondary-stroke: #cddaef;--button-secondary-stroke-hover: #386ac1;--button-secondary-stroke-press: #0645b1;--button-secondary-text-inactive: #b1b1ba;--button-secondary-icon: #082f75;--button-secondary-fill-hover: #e6ecf7;--button-secondary-stroke-inverse: #ffffff;--button-secondary-fill-inverse: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);--button-secondary-icon-inverse: #ffffff;--button-secondary-icon-hover: #082f75;--button-secondary-icon-press: #082f75;--button-secondary-text-inverse: #ffffff;--button-secondary-text-hover: #082f75;--button-secondary-text-press: #082f75;--button-secondary-fill-inverse-hover: #043059;--button-xs-stroke: #141413;--button-xs-stroke-hover: #0c3b8d;--button-xs-stroke-press: #082f75;--button-xs-stroke-inactive: #ebebee;--button-xs-text: #141413;--button-xs-text-hover: #0c3b8d;--button-xs-text-press: #082f75;--button-xs-text-inactive: #91919e;--button-xs-icon: #141413;--button-xs-icon-hover: #0c3b8d;--button-xs-icon-press: #082f75;--button-xs-icon-inactive: #91919e;--button-xs-fill: #ffffff;--button-xs-fill-hover: #f4f7fc;--button-xs-fill-press: #eef2f9;--buttons-button-text-inactive: #91919e;--buttons-button-focus: #0645b1;--buttons-button-icon-inactive: #91919e;--buttons-small-buttons-corner-radius: 8px;--buttons-small-buttons-l-r-padding: 12px;--buttons-small-buttons-height: 44px;--buttons-small-buttons-gap: 8px;--buttons-small-buttons-icon-only-width: 44px;--buttons-small-buttons-icon-size: 20px;--buttons-small-buttons-stroke-default: 1px;--buttons-small-buttons-stroke-thick: 2px;--buttons-large-buttons-l-r-padding: 20px;--buttons-large-buttons-height: 54px;--buttons-large-buttons-icon-only-width: 54px;--buttons-large-buttons-icon-size: 20px;--buttons-large-buttons-gap: 8px;--buttons-large-buttons-corner-radius: 8px;--buttons-large-buttons-stroke-default: 1px;--buttons-large-buttons-stroke-thick: 2px;--buttons-extra-small-buttons-l-r-padding: 8px;--buttons-extra-small-buttons-height: 32px;--buttons-extra-small-buttons-icon-size: 16px;--buttons-extra-small-buttons-gap: 4px;--buttons-extra-small-buttons-corner-radius: 8px;--buttons-stroke-default: 1px;--buttons-stroke-thick: 2px;--background-beige: #f9f7f4;--error-light: #fff2f2;--text-placeholder: #6d6d7d;--stroke-dark: #141413;--stroke-light: #dddde2;--stroke-medium: #535366;--accent-green: #ccffd4;--accent-turquoise: #ccf7ff;--accent-yellow: #f7ffcc;--accent-peach: #ffd4cc;--accent-violet: #f7ccff;--accent-purple: #f4f7fc;--text-primary: #141413;--secondary-brand: #141413;--text-hover: #0c3b8d;--text-white: #ffffff;--text-link: #0645b1;--text-press: #082f75;--success-light: #f0f8f1;--background-light-blue: #eef2f9;--background-white: #ffffff;--premium-dark: #877440;--premium-light: #f9f6ed;--stroke-white: #ffffff;--inactive-content: #b1b1ba;--annotate-light: #a35dff;--annotate-dark: #824acc;--grid: #eef2f9;--inactive-stroke: #ebebee;--shadow: rgba(34, 34, 51, 0.25);--text-inactive: #6d6d7d;--text-error: #b60000;--stroke-error: #b60000;--background-error: #fff2f2;--background-black: #141413;--icon-default: #141413;--icon-blue: #0645b1;--background-grey: #dddde2;--icon-grey: #b1b1ba;--text-focus: #082f75;--brand-colors-neutral-black: #141413;--brand-colors-neutral-900: #535366;--brand-colors-neutral-800: #6d6d7d;--brand-colors-neutral-700: #91919e;--brand-colors-neutral-600: #b1b1ba;--brand-colors-neutral-500: #c8c8cf;--brand-colors-neutral-400: #dddde2;--brand-colors-neutral-300: #ebebee;--brand-colors-neutral-200: #f8f8fb;--brand-colors-neutral-100: #fafafa;--brand-colors-neutral-white: #ffffff;--brand-colors-blue-900: #043059;--brand-colors-blue-800: #082f75;--brand-colors-blue-700: #0c3b8d;--brand-colors-blue-600: #0645b1;--brand-colors-blue-500: #386ac1;--brand-colors-blue-400: #cddaef;--brand-colors-blue-300: #e6ecf7;--brand-colors-blue-200: #eef2f9;--brand-colors-blue-100: #f4f7fc;--brand-colors-gold-500: #877440;--brand-colors-gold-400: #e9e3d4;--brand-colors-gold-300: #f2efe8;--brand-colors-gold-200: #f9f6ed;--brand-colors-gold-100: #f9f7f4;--brand-colors-error-900: #920000;--brand-colors-error-500: #b60000;--brand-colors-success-900: #035c0f;--brand-colors-green: #ccffd4;--brand-colors-turquoise: #ccf7ff;--brand-colors-yellow: #f7ffcc;--brand-colors-peach: #ffd4cc;--brand-colors-violet: #f7ccff;--brand-colors-error-100: #fff2f2;--brand-colors-success-500: #05b01c;--brand-colors-success-100: #f0f8f1;--text-secondary: #535366;--icon-white: #ffffff;--background-beige-darker: #f2efe8;--icon-dark-grey: #535366;--type-font-family-sans-serif: Roboto;--type-font-family-serif: Georgia;--type-font-family-mono: IBM Plex Mono;--type-weights-300: 300;--type-weights-400: 400;--type-weights-500: 500;--type-weights-700: 700;--type-sizes-12: 12px;--type-sizes-14: 14px;--type-sizes-16: 16px;--type-sizes-18: 18px;--type-sizes-20: 20px;--type-sizes-22: 22px;--type-sizes-24: 24px;--type-sizes-28: 28px;--type-sizes-30: 30px;--type-sizes-32: 32px;--type-sizes-40: 40px;--type-sizes-42: 42px;--type-sizes-48-2: 48px;--type-line-heights-16: 16px;--type-line-heights-20: 20px;--type-line-heights-23: 23px;--type-line-heights-24: 24px;--type-line-heights-25: 25px;--type-line-heights-26: 26px;--type-line-heights-29: 29px;--type-line-heights-30: 30px;--type-line-heights-32: 32px;--type-line-heights-34: 34px;--type-line-heights-35: 35px;--type-line-heights-36: 36px;--type-line-heights-38: 38px;--type-line-heights-40: 40px;--type-line-heights-46: 46px;--type-line-heights-48: 48px;--type-line-heights-52: 52px;--type-line-heights-58: 58px;--type-line-heights-68: 68px;--type-line-heights-74: 74px;--type-line-heights-82: 82px;--type-paragraph-spacings-0: 0px;--type-paragraph-spacings-4: 4px;--type-paragraph-spacings-8: 8px;--type-paragraph-spacings-16: 16px;--type-sans-serif-xl-font-weight: 400;--type-sans-serif-xl-size: 32px;--type-sans-serif-xl-line-height: 46px;--type-sans-serif-xl-paragraph-spacing: 16px;--type-sans-serif-lg-font-weight: 400;--type-sans-serif-lg-size: 30px;--type-sans-serif-lg-line-height: 36px;--type-sans-serif-lg-paragraph-spacing: 16px;--type-sans-serif-md-font-weight: 400;--type-sans-serif-md-line-height: 30px;--type-sans-serif-md-paragraph-spacing: 16px;--type-sans-serif-md-size: 24px;--type-sans-serif-xs-font-weight: 700;--type-sans-serif-xs-line-height: 24px;--type-sans-serif-xs-paragraph-spacing: 0px;--type-sans-serif-xs-size: 18px;--type-sans-serif-sm-font-weight: 400;--type-sans-serif-sm-line-height: 32px;--type-sans-serif-sm-paragraph-spacing: 16px;--type-sans-serif-sm-size: 20px;--type-body-xl-font-weight: 400;--type-body-xl-size: 24px;--type-body-xl-line-height: 36px;--type-body-xl-paragraph-spacing: 0px;--type-body-sm-font-weight: 400;--type-body-sm-size: 14px;--type-body-sm-line-height: 20px;--type-body-sm-paragraph-spacing: 8px;--type-body-xs-font-weight: 400;--type-body-xs-size: 12px;--type-body-xs-line-height: 16px;--type-body-xs-paragraph-spacing: 0px;--type-body-md-font-weight: 400;--type-body-md-size: 16px;--type-body-md-line-height: 20px;--type-body-md-paragraph-spacing: 4px;--type-body-lg-font-weight: 400;--type-body-lg-size: 20px;--type-body-lg-line-height: 26px;--type-body-lg-paragraph-spacing: 16px;--type-body-lg-medium-font-weight: 500;--type-body-lg-medium-size: 20px;--type-body-lg-medium-line-height: 32px;--type-body-lg-medium-paragraph-spacing: 16px;--type-body-md-medium-font-weight: 500;--type-body-md-medium-size: 16px;--type-body-md-medium-line-height: 20px;--type-body-md-medium-paragraph-spacing: 4px;--type-body-sm-bold-font-weight: 700;--type-body-sm-bold-size: 14px;--type-body-sm-bold-line-height: 20px;--type-body-sm-bold-paragraph-spacing: 8px;--type-body-sm-medium-font-weight: 500;--type-body-sm-medium-size: 14px;--type-body-sm-medium-line-height: 20px;--type-body-sm-medium-paragraph-spacing: 8px;--type-serif-md-font-weight: 400;--type-serif-md-size: 32px;--type-serif-md-paragraph-spacing: 0px;--type-serif-md-line-height: 40px;--type-serif-sm-font-weight: 400;--type-serif-sm-size: 24px;--type-serif-sm-paragraph-spacing: 0px;--type-serif-sm-line-height: 26px;--type-serif-lg-font-weight: 400;--type-serif-lg-size: 48px;--type-serif-lg-paragraph-spacing: 0px;--type-serif-lg-line-height: 52px;--type-serif-xs-font-weight: 400;--type-serif-xs-size: 18px;--type-serif-xs-line-height: 24px;--type-serif-xs-paragraph-spacing: 0px;--type-serif-xl-font-weight: 400;--type-serif-xl-size: 48px;--type-serif-xl-paragraph-spacing: 0px;--type-serif-xl-line-height: 58px;--type-mono-md-font-weight: 400;--type-mono-md-size: 22px;--type-mono-md-line-height: 24px;--type-mono-md-paragraph-spacing: 0px;--type-mono-lg-font-weight: 400;--type-mono-lg-size: 40px;--type-mono-lg-line-height: 40px;--type-mono-lg-paragraph-spacing: 0px;--type-mono-sm-font-weight: 400;--type-mono-sm-size: 14px;--type-mono-sm-line-height: 24px;--type-mono-sm-paragraph-spacing: 0px;--spacing-xs-4: 4px;--spacing-xs-8: 8px;--spacing-xs-16: 16px;--spacing-sm-24: 24px;--spacing-sm-32: 32px;--spacing-md-40: 40px;--spacing-md-48: 48px;--spacing-lg-64: 64px;--spacing-lg-80: 80px;--spacing-xlg-104: 104px;--spacing-xlg-152: 152px;--spacing-xs-12: 12px;--spacing-page-section: 80px;--spacing-card-list-spacing: 48px;--spacing-text-section-spacing: 64px;--spacing-md-xs-headings: 40px;--corner-radius-radius-lg: 16px;--corner-radius-radius-sm: 4px;--corner-radius-radius-md: 8px;--corner-radius-radius-round: 104px}}@media(min-width: 568px)and (max-width: 1279px){:root{--token-mode: Parity;--dropshadow: 0 2px 4px 0 #22223340;--primary-brand: #0645b1;--error-dark: #b60000;--success-dark: #05b01c;--inactive-fill: #ebebee;--hover: #0c3b8d;--pressed: #082f75;--button-primary-fill-inactive: #ebebee;--button-primary-fill: #0645b1;--button-primary-text: #ffffff;--button-primary-fill-hover: #0c3b8d;--button-primary-fill-press: #082f75;--button-primary-icon: #ffffff;--button-primary-fill-inverse: #ffffff;--button-primary-text-inverse: #082f75;--button-primary-icon-inverse: #0645b1;--button-primary-fill-inverse-hover: #cddaef;--button-primary-stroke-inverse-pressed: #0645b1;--button-secondary-stroke-inactive: #b1b1ba;--button-secondary-fill: #eef2f9;--button-secondary-text: #082f75;--button-secondary-fill-press: #cddaef;--button-secondary-fill-inactive: #ebebee;--button-secondary-stroke: #cddaef;--button-secondary-stroke-hover: #386ac1;--button-secondary-stroke-press: #0645b1;--button-secondary-text-inactive: #b1b1ba;--button-secondary-icon: #082f75;--button-secondary-fill-hover: #e6ecf7;--button-secondary-stroke-inverse: #ffffff;--button-secondary-fill-inverse: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);--button-secondary-icon-inverse: #ffffff;--button-secondary-icon-hover: #082f75;--button-secondary-icon-press: #082f75;--button-secondary-text-inverse: #ffffff;--button-secondary-text-hover: #082f75;--button-secondary-text-press: #082f75;--button-secondary-fill-inverse-hover: #043059;--button-xs-stroke: #141413;--button-xs-stroke-hover: #0c3b8d;--button-xs-stroke-press: #082f75;--button-xs-stroke-inactive: #ebebee;--button-xs-text: #141413;--button-xs-text-hover: #0c3b8d;--button-xs-text-press: #082f75;--button-xs-text-inactive: #91919e;--button-xs-icon: #141413;--button-xs-icon-hover: #0c3b8d;--button-xs-icon-press: #082f75;--button-xs-icon-inactive: #91919e;--button-xs-fill: #ffffff;--button-xs-fill-hover: #f4f7fc;--button-xs-fill-press: #eef2f9;--buttons-button-text-inactive: #91919e;--buttons-button-focus: #0645b1;--buttons-button-icon-inactive: #91919e;--buttons-small-buttons-corner-radius: 8px;--buttons-small-buttons-l-r-padding: 12px;--buttons-small-buttons-height: 44px;--buttons-small-buttons-gap: 8px;--buttons-small-buttons-icon-only-width: 44px;--buttons-small-buttons-icon-size: 20px;--buttons-small-buttons-stroke-default: 1px;--buttons-small-buttons-stroke-thick: 2px;--buttons-large-buttons-l-r-padding: 20px;--buttons-large-buttons-height: 54px;--buttons-large-buttons-icon-only-width: 54px;--buttons-large-buttons-icon-size: 20px;--buttons-large-buttons-gap: 8px;--buttons-large-buttons-corner-radius: 8px;--buttons-large-buttons-stroke-default: 1px;--buttons-large-buttons-stroke-thick: 2px;--buttons-extra-small-buttons-l-r-padding: 8px;--buttons-extra-small-buttons-height: 32px;--buttons-extra-small-buttons-icon-size: 16px;--buttons-extra-small-buttons-gap: 4px;--buttons-extra-small-buttons-corner-radius: 8px;--buttons-stroke-default: 1px;--buttons-stroke-thick: 2px;--background-beige: #f9f7f4;--error-light: #fff2f2;--text-placeholder: #6d6d7d;--stroke-dark: #141413;--stroke-light: #dddde2;--stroke-medium: #535366;--accent-green: #ccffd4;--accent-turquoise: #ccf7ff;--accent-yellow: #f7ffcc;--accent-peach: #ffd4cc;--accent-violet: #f7ccff;--accent-purple: #f4f7fc;--text-primary: #141413;--secondary-brand: #141413;--text-hover: #0c3b8d;--text-white: #ffffff;--text-link: #0645b1;--text-press: #082f75;--success-light: #f0f8f1;--background-light-blue: #eef2f9;--background-white: #ffffff;--premium-dark: #877440;--premium-light: #f9f6ed;--stroke-white: #ffffff;--inactive-content: #b1b1ba;--annotate-light: #a35dff;--annotate-dark: #824acc;--grid: #eef2f9;--inactive-stroke: #ebebee;--shadow: rgba(34, 34, 51, 0.25);--text-inactive: #6d6d7d;--text-error: #b60000;--stroke-error: #b60000;--background-error: #fff2f2;--background-black: #141413;--icon-default: #141413;--icon-blue: #0645b1;--background-grey: #dddde2;--icon-grey: #b1b1ba;--text-focus: #082f75;--brand-colors-neutral-black: #141413;--brand-colors-neutral-900: #535366;--brand-colors-neutral-800: #6d6d7d;--brand-colors-neutral-700: #91919e;--brand-colors-neutral-600: #b1b1ba;--brand-colors-neutral-500: #c8c8cf;--brand-colors-neutral-400: #dddde2;--brand-colors-neutral-300: #ebebee;--brand-colors-neutral-200: #f8f8fb;--brand-colors-neutral-100: #fafafa;--brand-colors-neutral-white: #ffffff;--brand-colors-blue-900: #043059;--brand-colors-blue-800: #082f75;--brand-colors-blue-700: #0c3b8d;--brand-colors-blue-600: #0645b1;--brand-colors-blue-500: #386ac1;--brand-colors-blue-400: #cddaef;--brand-colors-blue-300: #e6ecf7;--brand-colors-blue-200: #eef2f9;--brand-colors-blue-100: #f4f7fc;--brand-colors-gold-500: #877440;--brand-colors-gold-400: #e9e3d4;--brand-colors-gold-300: #f2efe8;--brand-colors-gold-200: #f9f6ed;--brand-colors-gold-100: #f9f7f4;--brand-colors-error-900: #920000;--brand-colors-error-500: #b60000;--brand-colors-success-900: #035c0f;--brand-colors-green: #ccffd4;--brand-colors-turquoise: #ccf7ff;--brand-colors-yellow: #f7ffcc;--brand-colors-peach: #ffd4cc;--brand-colors-violet: #f7ccff;--brand-colors-error-100: #fff2f2;--brand-colors-success-500: #05b01c;--brand-colors-success-100: #f0f8f1;--text-secondary: #535366;--icon-white: #ffffff;--background-beige-darker: #f2efe8;--icon-dark-grey: #535366;--type-font-family-sans-serif: Roboto;--type-font-family-serif: Georgia;--type-font-family-mono: IBM Plex Mono;--type-weights-300: 300;--type-weights-400: 400;--type-weights-500: 500;--type-weights-700: 700;--type-sizes-12: 12px;--type-sizes-14: 14px;--type-sizes-16: 16px;--type-sizes-18: 18px;--type-sizes-20: 20px;--type-sizes-22: 22px;--type-sizes-24: 24px;--type-sizes-28: 28px;--type-sizes-30: 30px;--type-sizes-32: 32px;--type-sizes-40: 40px;--type-sizes-42: 42px;--type-sizes-48-2: 48px;--type-line-heights-16: 16px;--type-line-heights-20: 20px;--type-line-heights-23: 23px;--type-line-heights-24: 24px;--type-line-heights-25: 25px;--type-line-heights-26: 26px;--type-line-heights-29: 29px;--type-line-heights-30: 30px;--type-line-heights-32: 32px;--type-line-heights-34: 34px;--type-line-heights-35: 35px;--type-line-heights-36: 36px;--type-line-heights-38: 38px;--type-line-heights-40: 40px;--type-line-heights-46: 46px;--type-line-heights-48: 48px;--type-line-heights-52: 52px;--type-line-heights-58: 58px;--type-line-heights-68: 68px;--type-line-heights-74: 74px;--type-line-heights-82: 82px;--type-paragraph-spacings-0: 0px;--type-paragraph-spacings-4: 4px;--type-paragraph-spacings-8: 8px;--type-paragraph-spacings-16: 16px;--type-sans-serif-xl-font-weight: 400;--type-sans-serif-xl-size: 42px;--type-sans-serif-xl-line-height: 46px;--type-sans-serif-xl-paragraph-spacing: 16px;--type-sans-serif-lg-font-weight: 400;--type-sans-serif-lg-size: 32px;--type-sans-serif-lg-line-height: 36px;--type-sans-serif-lg-paragraph-spacing: 16px;--type-sans-serif-md-font-weight: 400;--type-sans-serif-md-line-height: 34px;--type-sans-serif-md-paragraph-spacing: 16px;--type-sans-serif-md-size: 28px;--type-sans-serif-xs-font-weight: 700;--type-sans-serif-xs-line-height: 25px;--type-sans-serif-xs-paragraph-spacing: 0px;--type-sans-serif-xs-size: 20px;--type-sans-serif-sm-font-weight: 400;--type-sans-serif-sm-line-height: 30px;--type-sans-serif-sm-paragraph-spacing: 16px;--type-sans-serif-sm-size: 24px;--type-body-xl-font-weight: 400;--type-body-xl-size: 24px;--type-body-xl-line-height: 36px;--type-body-xl-paragraph-spacing: 0px;--type-body-sm-font-weight: 400;--type-body-sm-size: 14px;--type-body-sm-line-height: 20px;--type-body-sm-paragraph-spacing: 8px;--type-body-xs-font-weight: 400;--type-body-xs-size: 12px;--type-body-xs-line-height: 16px;--type-body-xs-paragraph-spacing: 0px;--type-body-md-font-weight: 400;--type-body-md-size: 16px;--type-body-md-line-height: 20px;--type-body-md-paragraph-spacing: 4px;--type-body-lg-font-weight: 400;--type-body-lg-size: 20px;--type-body-lg-line-height: 26px;--type-body-lg-paragraph-spacing: 16px;--type-body-lg-medium-font-weight: 500;--type-body-lg-medium-size: 20px;--type-body-lg-medium-line-height: 32px;--type-body-lg-medium-paragraph-spacing: 16px;--type-body-md-medium-font-weight: 500;--type-body-md-medium-size: 16px;--type-body-md-medium-line-height: 20px;--type-body-md-medium-paragraph-spacing: 4px;--type-body-sm-bold-font-weight: 700;--type-body-sm-bold-size: 14px;--type-body-sm-bold-line-height: 20px;--type-body-sm-bold-paragraph-spacing: 8px;--type-body-sm-medium-font-weight: 500;--type-body-sm-medium-size: 14px;--type-body-sm-medium-line-height: 20px;--type-body-sm-medium-paragraph-spacing: 8px;--type-serif-md-font-weight: 400;--type-serif-md-size: 40px;--type-serif-md-paragraph-spacing: 0px;--type-serif-md-line-height: 48px;--type-serif-sm-font-weight: 400;--type-serif-sm-size: 28px;--type-serif-sm-paragraph-spacing: 0px;--type-serif-sm-line-height: 32px;--type-serif-lg-font-weight: 400;--type-serif-lg-size: 58px;--type-serif-lg-paragraph-spacing: 0px;--type-serif-lg-line-height: 68px;--type-serif-xs-font-weight: 400;--type-serif-xs-size: 18px;--type-serif-xs-line-height: 24px;--type-serif-xs-paragraph-spacing: 0px;--type-serif-xl-font-weight: 400;--type-serif-xl-size: 74px;--type-serif-xl-paragraph-spacing: 0px;--type-serif-xl-line-height: 82px;--type-mono-md-font-weight: 400;--type-mono-md-size: 22px;--type-mono-md-line-height: 24px;--type-mono-md-paragraph-spacing: 0px;--type-mono-lg-font-weight: 400;--type-mono-lg-size: 40px;--type-mono-lg-line-height: 40px;--type-mono-lg-paragraph-spacing: 0px;--type-mono-sm-font-weight: 400;--type-mono-sm-size: 14px;--type-mono-sm-line-height: 24px;--type-mono-sm-paragraph-spacing: 0px;--spacing-xs-4: 4px;--spacing-xs-8: 8px;--spacing-xs-16: 16px;--spacing-sm-24: 24px;--spacing-sm-32: 32px;--spacing-md-40: 40px;--spacing-md-48: 48px;--spacing-lg-64: 64px;--spacing-lg-80: 80px;--spacing-xlg-104: 104px;--spacing-xlg-152: 152px;--spacing-xs-12: 12px;--spacing-page-section: 104px;--spacing-card-list-spacing: 48px;--spacing-text-section-spacing: 80px;--spacing-md-xs-headings: 40px;--corner-radius-radius-lg: 16px;--corner-radius-radius-sm: 4px;--corner-radius-radius-md: 8px;--corner-radius-radius-round: 104px}}@media(min-width: 1280px){:root{--token-mode: Parity;--dropshadow: 0 2px 4px 0 #22223340;--primary-brand: #0645b1;--error-dark: #b60000;--success-dark: #05b01c;--inactive-fill: #ebebee;--hover: #0c3b8d;--pressed: #082f75;--button-primary-fill-inactive: #ebebee;--button-primary-fill: #0645b1;--button-primary-text: #ffffff;--button-primary-fill-hover: #0c3b8d;--button-primary-fill-press: #082f75;--button-primary-icon: #ffffff;--button-primary-fill-inverse: #ffffff;--button-primary-text-inverse: #082f75;--button-primary-icon-inverse: #0645b1;--button-primary-fill-inverse-hover: #cddaef;--button-primary-stroke-inverse-pressed: #0645b1;--button-secondary-stroke-inactive: #b1b1ba;--button-secondary-fill: #eef2f9;--button-secondary-text: #082f75;--button-secondary-fill-press: #cddaef;--button-secondary-fill-inactive: #ebebee;--button-secondary-stroke: #cddaef;--button-secondary-stroke-hover: #386ac1;--button-secondary-stroke-press: #0645b1;--button-secondary-text-inactive: #b1b1ba;--button-secondary-icon: #082f75;--button-secondary-fill-hover: #e6ecf7;--button-secondary-stroke-inverse: #ffffff;--button-secondary-fill-inverse: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);--button-secondary-icon-inverse: #ffffff;--button-secondary-icon-hover: #082f75;--button-secondary-icon-press: #082f75;--button-secondary-text-inverse: #ffffff;--button-secondary-text-hover: #082f75;--button-secondary-text-press: #082f75;--button-secondary-fill-inverse-hover: #043059;--button-xs-stroke: #141413;--button-xs-stroke-hover: #0c3b8d;--button-xs-stroke-press: #082f75;--button-xs-stroke-inactive: #ebebee;--button-xs-text: #141413;--button-xs-text-hover: #0c3b8d;--button-xs-text-press: #082f75;--button-xs-text-inactive: #91919e;--button-xs-icon: #141413;--button-xs-icon-hover: #0c3b8d;--button-xs-icon-press: #082f75;--button-xs-icon-inactive: #91919e;--button-xs-fill: #ffffff;--button-xs-fill-hover: #f4f7fc;--button-xs-fill-press: #eef2f9;--buttons-button-text-inactive: #91919e;--buttons-button-focus: #0645b1;--buttons-button-icon-inactive: #91919e;--buttons-small-buttons-corner-radius: 8px;--buttons-small-buttons-l-r-padding: 12px;--buttons-small-buttons-height: 44px;--buttons-small-buttons-gap: 8px;--buttons-small-buttons-icon-only-width: 44px;--buttons-small-buttons-icon-size: 20px;--buttons-small-buttons-stroke-default: 1px;--buttons-small-buttons-stroke-thick: 2px;--buttons-large-buttons-l-r-padding: 20px;--buttons-large-buttons-height: 54px;--buttons-large-buttons-icon-only-width: 54px;--buttons-large-buttons-icon-size: 20px;--buttons-large-buttons-gap: 8px;--buttons-large-buttons-corner-radius: 8px;--buttons-large-buttons-stroke-default: 1px;--buttons-large-buttons-stroke-thick: 2px;--buttons-extra-small-buttons-l-r-padding: 8px;--buttons-extra-small-buttons-height: 32px;--buttons-extra-small-buttons-icon-size: 16px;--buttons-extra-small-buttons-gap: 4px;--buttons-extra-small-buttons-corner-radius: 8px;--buttons-stroke-default: 1px;--buttons-stroke-thick: 2px;--background-beige: #f9f7f4;--error-light: #fff2f2;--text-placeholder: #6d6d7d;--stroke-dark: #141413;--stroke-light: #dddde2;--stroke-medium: #535366;--accent-green: #ccffd4;--accent-turquoise: #ccf7ff;--accent-yellow: #f7ffcc;--accent-peach: #ffd4cc;--accent-violet: #f7ccff;--accent-purple: #f4f7fc;--text-primary: #141413;--secondary-brand: #141413;--text-hover: #0c3b8d;--text-white: #ffffff;--text-link: #0645b1;--text-press: #082f75;--success-light: #f0f8f1;--background-light-blue: #eef2f9;--background-white: #ffffff;--premium-dark: #877440;--premium-light: #f9f6ed;--stroke-white: #ffffff;--inactive-content: #b1b1ba;--annotate-light: #a35dff;--annotate-dark: #824acc;--grid: #eef2f9;--inactive-stroke: #ebebee;--shadow: rgba(34, 34, 51, 0.25);--text-inactive: #6d6d7d;--text-error: #b60000;--stroke-error: #b60000;--background-error: #fff2f2;--background-black: #141413;--icon-default: #141413;--icon-blue: #0645b1;--background-grey: #dddde2;--icon-grey: #b1b1ba;--text-focus: #082f75;--brand-colors-neutral-black: #141413;--brand-colors-neutral-900: #535366;--brand-colors-neutral-800: #6d6d7d;--brand-colors-neutral-700: #91919e;--brand-colors-neutral-600: #b1b1ba;--brand-colors-neutral-500: #c8c8cf;--brand-colors-neutral-400: #dddde2;--brand-colors-neutral-300: #ebebee;--brand-colors-neutral-200: #f8f8fb;--brand-colors-neutral-100: #fafafa;--brand-colors-neutral-white: #ffffff;--brand-colors-blue-900: #043059;--brand-colors-blue-800: #082f75;--brand-colors-blue-700: #0c3b8d;--brand-colors-blue-600: #0645b1;--brand-colors-blue-500: #386ac1;--brand-colors-blue-400: #cddaef;--brand-colors-blue-300: #e6ecf7;--brand-colors-blue-200: #eef2f9;--brand-colors-blue-100: #f4f7fc;--brand-colors-gold-500: #877440;--brand-colors-gold-400: #e9e3d4;--brand-colors-gold-300: #f2efe8;--brand-colors-gold-200: #f9f6ed;--brand-colors-gold-100: #f9f7f4;--brand-colors-error-900: #920000;--brand-colors-error-500: #b60000;--brand-colors-success-900: #035c0f;--brand-colors-green: #ccffd4;--brand-colors-turquoise: #ccf7ff;--brand-colors-yellow: #f7ffcc;--brand-colors-peach: #ffd4cc;--brand-colors-violet: #f7ccff;--brand-colors-error-100: #fff2f2;--brand-colors-success-500: #05b01c;--brand-colors-success-100: #f0f8f1;--text-secondary: #535366;--icon-white: #ffffff;--background-beige-darker: #f2efe8;--icon-dark-grey: #535366;--type-font-family-sans-serif: Roboto;--type-font-family-serif: Georgia;--type-font-family-mono: IBM Plex Mono;--type-weights-300: 300;--type-weights-400: 400;--type-weights-500: 500;--type-weights-700: 700;--type-sizes-12: 12px;--type-sizes-14: 14px;--type-sizes-16: 16px;--type-sizes-18: 18px;--type-sizes-20: 20px;--type-sizes-22: 22px;--type-sizes-24: 24px;--type-sizes-28: 28px;--type-sizes-30: 30px;--type-sizes-32: 32px;--type-sizes-40: 40px;--type-sizes-42: 42px;--type-sizes-48-2: 48px;--type-line-heights-16: 16px;--type-line-heights-20: 20px;--type-line-heights-23: 23px;--type-line-heights-24: 24px;--type-line-heights-25: 25px;--type-line-heights-26: 26px;--type-line-heights-29: 29px;--type-line-heights-30: 30px;--type-line-heights-32: 32px;--type-line-heights-34: 34px;--type-line-heights-35: 35px;--type-line-heights-36: 36px;--type-line-heights-38: 38px;--type-line-heights-40: 40px;--type-line-heights-46: 46px;--type-line-heights-48: 48px;--type-line-heights-52: 52px;--type-line-heights-58: 58px;--type-line-heights-68: 68px;--type-line-heights-74: 74px;--type-line-heights-82: 82px;--type-paragraph-spacings-0: 0px;--type-paragraph-spacings-4: 4px;--type-paragraph-spacings-8: 8px;--type-paragraph-spacings-16: 16px;--type-sans-serif-xl-font-weight: 400;--type-sans-serif-xl-size: 42px;--type-sans-serif-xl-line-height: 46px;--type-sans-serif-xl-paragraph-spacing: 16px;--type-sans-serif-lg-font-weight: 400;--type-sans-serif-lg-size: 32px;--type-sans-serif-lg-line-height: 38px;--type-sans-serif-lg-paragraph-spacing: 16px;--type-sans-serif-md-font-weight: 400;--type-sans-serif-md-line-height: 34px;--type-sans-serif-md-paragraph-spacing: 16px;--type-sans-serif-md-size: 28px;--type-sans-serif-xs-font-weight: 700;--type-sans-serif-xs-line-height: 25px;--type-sans-serif-xs-paragraph-spacing: 0px;--type-sans-serif-xs-size: 20px;--type-sans-serif-sm-font-weight: 400;--type-sans-serif-sm-line-height: 30px;--type-sans-serif-sm-paragraph-spacing: 16px;--type-sans-serif-sm-size: 24px;--type-body-xl-font-weight: 400;--type-body-xl-size: 24px;--type-body-xl-line-height: 36px;--type-body-xl-paragraph-spacing: 0px;--type-body-sm-font-weight: 400;--type-body-sm-size: 14px;--type-body-sm-line-height: 20px;--type-body-sm-paragraph-spacing: 8px;--type-body-xs-font-weight: 400;--type-body-xs-size: 12px;--type-body-xs-line-height: 16px;--type-body-xs-paragraph-spacing: 0px;--type-body-md-font-weight: 400;--type-body-md-size: 16px;--type-body-md-line-height: 20px;--type-body-md-paragraph-spacing: 4px;--type-body-lg-font-weight: 400;--type-body-lg-size: 20px;--type-body-lg-line-height: 26px;--type-body-lg-paragraph-spacing: 16px;--type-body-lg-medium-font-weight: 500;--type-body-lg-medium-size: 20px;--type-body-lg-medium-line-height: 32px;--type-body-lg-medium-paragraph-spacing: 16px;--type-body-md-medium-font-weight: 500;--type-body-md-medium-size: 16px;--type-body-md-medium-line-height: 20px;--type-body-md-medium-paragraph-spacing: 4px;--type-body-sm-bold-font-weight: 700;--type-body-sm-bold-size: 14px;--type-body-sm-bold-line-height: 20px;--type-body-sm-bold-paragraph-spacing: 8px;--type-body-sm-medium-font-weight: 500;--type-body-sm-medium-size: 14px;--type-body-sm-medium-line-height: 20px;--type-body-sm-medium-paragraph-spacing: 8px;--type-serif-md-font-weight: 400;--type-serif-md-size: 40px;--type-serif-md-paragraph-spacing: 0px;--type-serif-md-line-height: 48px;--type-serif-sm-font-weight: 400;--type-serif-sm-size: 28px;--type-serif-sm-paragraph-spacing: 0px;--type-serif-sm-line-height: 32px;--type-serif-lg-font-weight: 400;--type-serif-lg-size: 58px;--type-serif-lg-paragraph-spacing: 0px;--type-serif-lg-line-height: 68px;--type-serif-xs-font-weight: 400;--type-serif-xs-size: 18px;--type-serif-xs-line-height: 24px;--type-serif-xs-paragraph-spacing: 0px;--type-serif-xl-font-weight: 400;--type-serif-xl-size: 74px;--type-serif-xl-paragraph-spacing: 0px;--type-serif-xl-line-height: 82px;--type-mono-md-font-weight: 400;--type-mono-md-size: 22px;--type-mono-md-line-height: 24px;--type-mono-md-paragraph-spacing: 0px;--type-mono-lg-font-weight: 400;--type-mono-lg-size: 40px;--type-mono-lg-line-height: 40px;--type-mono-lg-paragraph-spacing: 0px;--type-mono-sm-font-weight: 400;--type-mono-sm-size: 14px;--type-mono-sm-line-height: 24px;--type-mono-sm-paragraph-spacing: 0px;--spacing-xs-4: 4px;--spacing-xs-8: 8px;--spacing-xs-16: 16px;--spacing-sm-24: 24px;--spacing-sm-32: 32px;--spacing-md-40: 40px;--spacing-md-48: 48px;--spacing-lg-64: 64px;--spacing-lg-80: 80px;--spacing-xlg-104: 104px;--spacing-xlg-152: 152px;--spacing-xs-12: 12px;--spacing-page-section: 152px;--spacing-card-list-spacing: 48px;--spacing-text-section-spacing: 80px;--spacing-md-xs-headings: 40px;--corner-radius-radius-lg: 16px;--corner-radius-radius-sm: 4px;--corner-radius-radius-md: 8px;--corner-radius-radius-round: 104px}}</style><link crossorigin="" href="https://fonts.gstatic.com/" rel="preconnect" /><link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=DM+Sans:ital,opsz,wght@0,9..40,100..1000;1,9..40,100..1000&family=Gupter:wght@400;500;700&family=IBM+Plex+Mono:wght@300;400&family=Material+Symbols+Outlined:opsz,wght,FILL,GRAD@20,400,0,0&display=swap" rel="stylesheet" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/design_system/common-57f9da13cef3fd4e2a8b655342c6488eded3e557e823fe67571f2ac77acd7b6f.css" /> <meta name="author" content="eeva salo" /> <meta name="description" content="Eeva Salo, University of Helsinki: 4 Followers, 5 Following, 131 Research papers. Research interests: Veterinary Microbiology, Child, and Clinical Sciences." /> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="bKJMBZA7E43xhDOopFZkssMMkBRjvYERV-NaN4R6mrs" /> <script> var $controller_name = 'works'; var $action_name = "summary"; var $rails_env = 'production'; var $app_rev = 'ccf0282a0d07b641cee5bafc36900369a9131e9a'; var $domain = 'academia.edu'; var $app_host = "academia.edu"; var $asset_host = "academia-assets.com"; var $start_time = new Date().getTime(); var $recaptcha_key = "6LdxlRMTAAAAADnu_zyLhLg0YF9uACwz78shpjJB"; var $recaptcha_invisible_key = "6Lf3KHUUAAAAACggoMpmGJdQDtiyrjVlvGJ6BbAj"; var $disableClientRecordHit = false; </script> <script> window.Aedu = { hit_data: null }; window.Aedu.SiteStats = {"premium_universities_count":13933,"monthly_visitors":"140 million","monthly_visitor_count":140560961,"monthly_visitor_count_in_millions":140,"user_count":285463040,"paper_count":55203019,"paper_count_in_millions":55,"page_count":432000000,"page_count_in_millions":432,"pdf_count":16500000,"pdf_count_in_millions":16}; window.Aedu.serverRenderTime = new Date(1742558187000); window.Aedu.timeDifference = new Date().getTime() - 1742558187000; window.Aedu.isUsingCssV1 = false; window.Aedu.enableLocalization = true; window.Aedu.activateFullstory = false; window.Aedu.serviceAvailability = { status: {"attention_db":"on","bibliography_db":"on","contacts_db":"on","email_db":"on","indexability_db":"on","mentions_db":"on","news_db":"on","notifications_db":"on","offsite_mentions_db":"on","redshift":"on","redshift_exports_db":"on","related_works_db":"on","ring_db":"on","user_tests_db":"on"}, serviceEnabled: function(service) { return this.status[service] === "on"; }, readEnabled: function(service) { return this.serviceEnabled(service) || this.status[service] === "read_only"; }, }; window.Aedu.viewApmTrace = function() { // Check if x-apm-trace-id meta tag is set, and open the trace in APM // in a new window if it is. var apmTraceId = document.head.querySelector('meta[name="x-apm-trace-id"]'); if (apmTraceId) { var traceId = apmTraceId.content; // Use trace ID to construct URL, an example URL looks like: // https://app.datadoghq.com/apm/traces?query=trace_id%31298410148923562634 var apmUrl = 'https://app.datadoghq.com/apm/traces?query=trace_id%3A' + traceId; window.open(apmUrl, '_blank'); } }; </script>  <link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Roboto:100,100i,300,300i,400,400i,500,500i,700,700i,900,900i" rel="stylesheet"> <link rel="preload" href="//maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/font-awesome/4.3.0/css/font-awesome.min.css" as="style" onload="this.rel='stylesheet'"> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/libraries-a9675dcb01ec4ef6aa807ba772c7a5a00c1820d3ff661c1038a20f80d06bb4e4.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/academia-9982828ed1de4777566441c35ccf7157c55ca779141fce69380d727ebdbbb926.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/design_system_legacy-056a9113b9a0f5343d013b29ee1929d5a18be35fdcdceb616600b4db8bd20054.css" /> <script src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/webpack_bundles/runtime-bundle-005434038af4252ca37c527588411a3d6a0eabb5f727fac83f8bbe7fd88d93bb.js"></script> <script src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/webpack_bundles/webpack_libraries_and_infrequently_changed.wjs-bundle-56b1fe3db02594a7f5d0ede252b060019749e95cb686f6655c7667673a5a058e.js"></script> <script src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/webpack_bundles/core_webpack.wjs-bundle-20f767f8e68001f0a6075dcdce586344063f9e184736cb23365eb92c81bcea35.js"></script> <script src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/webpack_bundles/sentry.wjs-bundle-5fe03fddca915c8ba0f7edbe64c194308e8ce5abaed7bffe1255ff37549c4808.js"></script> <script> jade = window.jade || {}; jade.helpers = window.$h; jade._ = window._; </script>  <script id="tag-manager-head-root">(function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src= 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f); })(window,document,'script','dataLayer_old','GTM-5G9JF7Z');</script>  <script> window.gptadslots = []; window.googletag = window.googletag || {}; window.googletag.cmd = window.googletag.cmd || []; </script> <script type="text/javascript"> // TODO(jacob): This should be defined, may be rare load order problem. // Checking if null is just a quick fix, will default to en if unset. // Better fix is to run this immedietely after I18n is set. if (window.I18n != null) { I18n.defaultLocale = "en"; I18n.locale = "en"; I18n.fallbacks = true; } </script> <link rel="canonical" href="https://helsinki.academia.edu/ESalo" /> </head>   <body class='c-profiles/works a-summary logged_out'>  <div id="fb-root"></div><script>window.fbAsyncInit = function() { FB.init({ appId: "2369844204", version: "v8.0", status: true, cookie: true, xfbml: true }); // Additional initialization code. if (window.InitFacebook) { // facebook.ts already loaded, set it up. window.InitFacebook(); } else { // Set a flag for facebook.ts to find when it loads. window.academiaAuthReadyFacebook = true; } };</script><script>window.fbAsyncLoad = function() { // Protection against double calling of this function if (window.FB) { return; } (function(d, s, id){ var js, fjs = d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0]; if (d.getElementById(id)) {return;} js = d.createElement(s); js.id = id; js.src = "//connect.facebook.net/en_US/sdk.js"; fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js, fjs); }(document, 'script', 'facebook-jssdk')); } if (!window.defer_facebook) { // Autoload if not deferred window.fbAsyncLoad(); } else { // Defer loading by 5 seconds setTimeout(function() { window.fbAsyncLoad(); }, 5000); }</script> <div id="google-root"></div><script>window.loadGoogle = function() { if (window.InitGoogle) { // google.ts already loaded, set it up. window.InitGoogle("331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b"); } else { // Set a flag for google.ts to use when it loads. window.GoogleClientID = "331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b"; } };</script><script>window.googleAsyncLoad = function() { // Protection against double calling of this function (function(d) { var js; var id = 'google-jssdk'; var ref = d.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; if (d.getElementById(id)) { return; } js = d.createElement('script'); js.id = id; js.async = true; js.onload = loadGoogle; js.src = "https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client" ref.parentNode.insertBefore(js, ref); }(document)); } if (!window.defer_google) { // Autoload if not deferred window.googleAsyncLoad(); } else { // Defer loading by 5 seconds setTimeout(function() { window.googleAsyncLoad(); }, 5000); }</script> <div id="tag-manager-body-root">  <noscript><iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-5G9JF7Z" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript>   <script> window.addEventListener('load', function() { if (document.querySelector('input[name="commit"]')) { document.querySelector('input[name="commit"]').addEventListener('click', function() { gtag('event', 'click', { event_category: 'button', event_label: 'Log In' }) }) } }); </script> </div> <script>var _comscore = _comscore || []; _comscore.push({ c1: "2", c2: "26766707" }); (function() { var s = document.createElement("script"), el = document.getElementsByTagName("script")[0]; s.async = true; s.src = (document.location.protocol == "https:" ? "https://sb" : "http://b") + ".scorecardresearch.com/beacon.js"; el.parentNode.insertBefore(s, el); })();</script><img src="https://sb.scorecardresearch.com/p?c1=2&c2=26766707&cv=2.0&cj=1" style="position: absolute; visibility: hidden" /> <div id='react-modal'></div> <div class='DesignSystem'> <a class='u-showOnFocus' href='#site'> Skip to main content </a> </div> <div id="upgrade_ie_banner" style="display: none;"><p>Academia.edu no longer supports Internet Explorer.</p><p>To browse Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and more securely, please take a few seconds to <a href="https://www.academia.edu/upgrade-browser">upgrade your browser</a>.</p></div><script>// Show this banner for all versions of IE if (!!window.MSInputMethodContext || /(MSIE)/.test(navigator.userAgent)) { document.getElementById('upgrade_ie_banner').style.display = 'block'; }</script> <div class="DesignSystem bootstrap ShrinkableNav"><div class="navbar navbar-default main-header"><div class="container-wrapper" id="main-header-container"><div class="container"><div class="navbar-header"><div class="nav-left-wrapper u-mt0x"><div class="nav-logo"><a data-main-header-link-target="logo_home" href="https://www.academia.edu/"><img class="visible-xs-inline-block" style="height: 24px;" alt="Academia.edu" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/academia-logo-redesign-2015-A.svg" width="24" height="24" /><img width="145.2" height="18" class="hidden-xs" style="height: 24px;" alt="Academia.edu" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/academia-logo-redesign-2015.svg" /></a></div><div class="nav-search"><div class="SiteSearch-wrapper select2-no-default-pills"><form class="js-SiteSearch-form DesignSystem" action="https://www.academia.edu/search" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="get"><i class="SiteSearch-icon fa fa-search u-fw700 u-positionAbsolute u-tcGrayDark"></i><input class="js-SiteSearch-form-input SiteSearch-form-input form-control" data-main-header-click-target="search_input" name="q" placeholder="Search" type="text" value="" /></form></div></div></div><div class="nav-right-wrapper pull-right"><ul class="NavLinks js-main-nav list-unstyled"><li class="NavLinks-link"><a class="js-header-login-url Button Button--inverseGray Button--sm u-mb4x" id="nav_log_in" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/login">Log In</a></li><li class="NavLinks-link u-p0x"><a class="Button Button--inverseGray Button--sm u-mb4x" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/signup">Sign Up</a></li></ul><button class="hidden-lg hidden-md hidden-sm u-ml4x navbar-toggle collapsed" data-target=".js-mobile-header-links" data-toggle="collapse" type="button"><span class="icon-bar"></span><span class="icon-bar"></span><span class="icon-bar"></span></button></div></div><div class="collapse navbar-collapse js-mobile-header-links"><ul class="nav navbar-nav"><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/login">Log In</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/signup">Sign Up</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1 js-mobile-nav-expand-trigger"><a href="#">more&nbsp<span class="caret"></span></a></li><li><ul class="js-mobile-nav-expand-section nav navbar-nav u-m0x collapse"><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="false" href="https://www.academia.edu/about">About</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/press">Press</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="false" href="https://www.academia.edu/documents">Papers</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/terms">Terms</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/privacy">Privacy</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/copyright">Copyright</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/hiring"><i class="fa fa-briefcase"></i> We're Hiring!</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://support.academia.edu/hc/en-us"><i class="fa fa-question-circle"></i> Help Center</a></li><li class="js-mobile-nav-collapse-trigger u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1 dropup" style="display:none"><a href="#">less&nbsp<span class="caret"></span></a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></div><script>(function(){ var $moreLink = $(".js-mobile-nav-expand-trigger"); var $lessLink = $(".js-mobile-nav-collapse-trigger"); var $section = $('.js-mobile-nav-expand-section'); $moreLink.click(function(ev){ ev.preventDefault(); $moreLink.hide(); $lessLink.show(); $section.collapse('show'); }); $lessLink.click(function(ev){ ev.preventDefault(); $moreLink.show(); $lessLink.hide(); $section.collapse('hide'); }); })() if ($a.is_logged_in() || false) { new Aedu.NavigationController({ el: '.js-main-nav', showHighlightedNotification: false }); } else { $(".js-header-login-url").attr("href", $a.loginUrlWithRedirect()); } Aedu.autocompleteSearch = new AutocompleteSearch({el: '.js-SiteSearch-form'});</script></div></div> <div id='site' class='fixed'> <div id="content" class="clearfix"> <script>document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function(){ var $dismissible = $(".dismissible_banner"); $dismissible.click(function(ev) { $dismissible.hide(); }); });</script> <script src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/webpack_bundles/profile.wjs-bundle-5f1beb2e1e14eaca994d1fe9de173e0cdd62f5626dca5c3e2ef98b9715b960a1.js" defer="defer"></script><script>$viewedUser = Aedu.User.set_viewed( {"id":42249008,"first_name":"Eeva","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Salo","page_name":"ESalo","domain_name":"helsinki","created_at":"2016-01-27T22:39:31.462-08:00","display_name":"Eeva Salo","url":"https://helsinki.academia.edu/ESalo","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png","has_photo":false,"department":{"id":1473432,"name":"Hospital for Children and Adolescents","url":"https://helsinki.academia.edu/Departments/Hospital_for_Children_and_Adolescents/Documents","university":{"id":567,"name":"University of Helsinki","url":"https://helsinki.academia.edu/"}},"position":"Faculty Member","position_id":1,"is_analytics_public":false,"interests":[{"id":3037,"name":"Veterinary Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Veterinary_Microbiology"},{"id":64933,"name":"Child","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child"},{"id":244814,"name":"Clinical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences"}]} ); if ($a.is_logged_in() && $viewedUser.is_current_user()) { $('body').addClass('profile-viewed-by-owner'); } $socialProfiles = [{"id":19196745,"link":"https://www.facebook.com/app_scoped_user_id/10207696948274134/","name":"Facebook","link_domain":"www.facebook.com","icon":"//www.google.com/s2/u/0/favicons?domain=www.facebook.com"}]</script><div id="js-react-on-rails-context" style="display:none" data-rails-context="{"inMailer":false,"i18nLocale":"en","i18nDefaultLocale":"en","href":"https://helsinki.academia.edu/ESalo","location":"/ESalo","scheme":"https","host":"helsinki.academia.edu","port":null,"pathname":"/ESalo","search":null,"httpAcceptLanguage":null,"serverSide":false}"></div> <div class="js-react-on-rails-component" style="display:none" data-component-name="ProfileCheckPaperUpdate" data-props="{}" data-trace="false" data-dom-id="ProfileCheckPaperUpdate-react-component-89ab7db9-100b-4157-9d70-036b3d0803c3"></div> <div id="ProfileCheckPaperUpdate-react-component-89ab7db9-100b-4157-9d70-036b3d0803c3"></div> <div class="DesignSystem"><div class="onsite-ping" id="onsite-ping"></div></div><div class="profile-user-info DesignSystem"><div class="social-profile-container"><div class="left-panel-container"><div class="user-info-component-wrapper"><div class="user-summary-cta-container"><div class="user-summary-container"><div class="social-profile-avatar-container"><img class="profile-avatar u-positionAbsolute" border="0" alt="" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png" /></div><div class="title-container"><h1 class="ds2-5-heading-sans-serif-sm">Eeva Salo</h1><div class="affiliations-container fake-truncate js-profile-affiliations"><div><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" href="https://helsinki.academia.edu/">University of Helsinki</a>, <a class="u-tcGrayDarker" href="https://helsinki.academia.edu/Departments/Hospital_for_Children_and_Adolescents/Documents">Hospital for Children and Adolescents</a>, <span class="u-tcGrayDarker">Faculty Member</span></div></div></div></div><div class="sidebar-cta-container"><button class="ds2-5-button hidden profile-cta-button grow js-profile-follow-button" data-broccoli-component="user-info.follow-button" data-click-track="profile-user-info-follow-button" data-follow-user-fname="Eeva" data-follow-user-id="42249008" data-follow-user-source="profile_button" data-has-google="false"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">add</span>Follow</button><button class="ds2-5-button hidden profile-cta-button grow js-profile-unfollow-button" data-broccoli-component="user-info.unfollow-button" data-click-track="profile-user-info-unfollow-button" data-unfollow-user-id="42249008"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">done</span>Following</button></div></div><div class="user-stats-container"><a><div class="stat-container js-profile-followers"><p class="label">Followers</p><p class="data">4</p></div></a><a><div class="stat-container js-profile-followees" data-broccoli-component="user-info.followees-count" data-click-track="profile-expand-user-info-following"><p class="label">Following</p><p class="data">5</p></div></a><a><div class="stat-container js-profile-coauthors" data-broccoli-component="user-info.coauthors-count" data-click-track="profile-expand-user-info-coauthors"><p class="label">Co-authors</p><p class="data">3</p></div></a><span><div class="stat-container"><p class="label"><span class="js-profile-total-view-text">Public Views</span></p><p class="data"><span class="js-profile-view-count"></span></p></div></span></div><div class="user-bio-container"><div class="profile-bio fake-truncate js-profile-about" style="margin: 0px;">PID specialist<br /><div class="js-profile-less-about u-linkUnstyled u-tcGrayDarker u-textDecorationUnderline u-displayNone">less</div></div></div><div class="suggested-academics-container"><div class="suggested-academics--header"><p class="ds2-5-body-md-bold">Related Authors</p></div><ul class="suggested-user-card-list"><div class="suggested-user-card"><div class="suggested-user-card__avatar social-profile-avatar-container"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/MarjaHeinonenGuzejev"><img class="profile-avatar u-positionAbsolute" border="0" alt="" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png" /></a></div><div class="suggested-user-card__user-info"><a class="suggested-user-card__user-info__header ds2-5-body-sm-bold ds2-5-body-link" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MarjaHeinonenGuzejev">Marja Heinonen-Guzejev</a></div></div><div class="suggested-user-card"><div class="suggested-user-card__avatar social-profile-avatar-container"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/%C3%B6zgenurkaya1"><img class="profile-avatar u-positionAbsolute" border="0" alt="" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png" /></a></div><div class="suggested-user-card__user-info"><a class="suggested-user-card__user-info__header ds2-5-body-sm-bold ds2-5-body-link" href="https://independent.academia.edu/%C3%B6zgenurkaya1">özgenur kaya</a></div></div><div class="suggested-user-card"><div class="suggested-user-card__avatar social-profile-avatar-container"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/SofiaJunkkari"><img class="profile-avatar u-positionAbsolute" border="0" alt="" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png" /></a></div><div class="suggested-user-card__user-info"><a class="suggested-user-card__user-info__header ds2-5-body-sm-bold ds2-5-body-link" href="https://independent.academia.edu/SofiaJunkkari">Sofia Junkkari</a></div></div><div class="suggested-user-card"><div class="suggested-user-card__avatar social-profile-avatar-container"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/JuttaJarvelin"><img class="profile-avatar u-positionAbsolute" border="0" alt="" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png" /></a></div><div class="suggested-user-card__user-info"><a class="suggested-user-card__user-info__header ds2-5-body-sm-bold ds2-5-body-link" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JuttaJarvelin">Jutta Järvelin</a></div></div><div class="suggested-user-card"><div class="suggested-user-card__avatar social-profile-avatar-container"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/MikaelKuitunen"><img class="profile-avatar u-positionAbsolute" border="0" alt="" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png" /></a></div><div class="suggested-user-card__user-info"><a class="suggested-user-card__user-info__header ds2-5-body-sm-bold ds2-5-body-link" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MikaelKuitunen">Mikael Kuitunen</a></div></div><div class="suggested-user-card"><div class="suggested-user-card__avatar social-profile-avatar-container"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/TerhiTiihonen"><img class="profile-avatar u-positionAbsolute" border="0" alt="" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png" /></a></div><div class="suggested-user-card__user-info"><a class="suggested-user-card__user-info__header ds2-5-body-sm-bold ds2-5-body-link" href="https://independent.academia.edu/TerhiTiihonen">Terhi Tiihonen</a></div></div><div class="suggested-user-card"><div class="suggested-user-card__avatar social-profile-avatar-container"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/AnnaKaisaTuomaala"><img class="profile-avatar u-positionAbsolute" border="0" alt="" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png" /></a></div><div class="suggested-user-card__user-info"><a class="suggested-user-card__user-info__header ds2-5-body-sm-bold ds2-5-body-link" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AnnaKaisaTuomaala">Anna-Kaisa Tuomaala</a></div></div><div class="suggested-user-card"><div class="suggested-user-card__avatar social-profile-avatar-container"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/JormaAhokas"><img class="profile-avatar u-positionAbsolute" border="0" alt="" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png" /></a></div><div class="suggested-user-card__user-info"><a class="suggested-user-card__user-info__header ds2-5-body-sm-bold ds2-5-body-link" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JormaAhokas">Jorma Ahokas</a></div></div><div class="suggested-user-card"><div class="suggested-user-card__avatar social-profile-avatar-container"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/OiliSaunaaho"><img class="profile-avatar u-positionAbsolute" alt="Oili Sauna-aho" border="0" onerror="if (this.src != '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png') this.src = '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png';" width="200" height="200" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/224375487/81695171/70291071/s200_oili.sauna-aho.png" /></a></div><div class="suggested-user-card__user-info"><a class="suggested-user-card__user-info__header ds2-5-body-sm-bold ds2-5-body-link" href="https://independent.academia.edu/OiliSaunaaho">Oili Sauna-aho</a></div></div><div class="suggested-user-card"><div class="suggested-user-card__avatar social-profile-avatar-container"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/MarjoKarvonen"><img class="profile-avatar u-positionAbsolute" border="0" alt="" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png" /></a></div><div class="suggested-user-card__user-info"><a class="suggested-user-card__user-info__header ds2-5-body-sm-bold ds2-5-body-link" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MarjoKarvonen">Marjo Karvonen</a></div></div></ul></div><div class="ri-section"><div class="ri-section-header"><span>Interests</span></div><div class="ri-tags-container"><a data-click-track="profile-user-info-expand-research-interests" data-has-card-for-ri-list="42249008" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Veterinary_Microbiology"><div id="js-react-on-rails-context" style="display:none" data-rails-context="{"inMailer":false,"i18nLocale":"en","i18nDefaultLocale":"en","href":"https://helsinki.academia.edu/ESalo","location":"/ESalo","scheme":"https","host":"helsinki.academia.edu","port":null,"pathname":"/ESalo","search":null,"httpAcceptLanguage":null,"serverSide":false}"></div> <div class="js-react-on-rails-component" style="display:none" data-component-name="Pill" data-props="{"color":"gray","children":["Veterinary Microbiology"]}" data-trace="false" data-dom-id="Pill-react-component-1f3956ff-426c-45d8-b5fc-cad58162b9f5"></div> <div id="Pill-react-component-1f3956ff-426c-45d8-b5fc-cad58162b9f5"></div> </a></div></div><div class="external-links-container"><ul class="profile-links new-profile js-UserInfo-social"><li class="profile-profiles js-social-profiles-container"><i class="fa fa-spin fa-spinner"></i></li></ul></div></div></div><div class="right-panel-container"><div class="user-content-wrapper"><div class="uploads-container" id="social-redesign-work-container"><div class="upload-header"><h2 class="ds2-5-heading-sans-serif-xs">Uploads</h2></div><div class="documents-container backbone-social-profile-documents" style="width: 100%;"><div class="u-taCenter"></div><div class="profile--tab_content_container js-tab-pane tab-pane active" id="all"><div class="profile--tab_heading_container js-section-heading" data-section="Papers" id="Papers"><h3 class="profile--tab_heading_container">Papers by Eeva Salo</h3></div><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="115663789"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/115663789/Lapsen_kaulapatti_milloin_ep%C3%A4ill%C3%A4_ymp%C3%A4rist%C3%B6mykobakteeritulehdusta"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Lapsen kaulapatti - milloin epäillä ympäristömykobakteeritulehdusta?" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/112008528/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/115663789/Lapsen_kaulapatti_milloin_ep%C3%A4ill%C3%A4_ymp%C3%A4rist%C3%B6mykobakteeritulehdusta">Lapsen kaulapatti - milloin epäillä ympäristömykobakteeritulehdusta?</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="d5f83f87d0d2801e3971ba03151b9725" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":112008528,"asset_id":115663789,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/112008528/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="115663789"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="115663789"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 115663789; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=115663789]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=115663789]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 115663789; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='115663789']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "d5f83f87d0d2801e3971ba03151b9725" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=115663789]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":115663789,"title":"Lapsen kaulapatti - milloin epäillä ympäristömykobakteeritulehdusta?","translated_title":"","metadata":{"publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2019,"errors":{}}},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/115663789/Lapsen_kaulapatti_milloin_ep%C3%A4ill%C3%A4_ymp%C3%A4rist%C3%B6mykobakteeritulehdusta","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2024-03-02T00:09:37.570-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":42249008,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":112008528,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/112008528/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"SLL192019_1193.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/112008528/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Lapsen_kaulapatti_milloin_epailla_ympari.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/112008528/SLL192019_1193-libre.pdf?1709368935=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DLapsen_kaulapatti_milloin_epailla_ympari.pdf\u0026Expires=1742561786\u0026Signature=dDVvoFBy2sdhGxNmgksmUx7aEu2~uqX9Dpgitm0bhFESkXPEGuMqHU8VqGeFAbQt-P5p2sxG6rgytEEx3kmOs8SUUAk9s7-XMVmKeyM~riOQN2pm1ML~WmhHxoYRGnIlXyKwincghf7sWpI61mB7me~iSDtVm-iluYYhHeux0K~9pB2WvakpeyY7ITjT36lRo1R-4pyRmU4bWfbGY0CbIJ1KzhuQbEodIB6VYJo8zsWnfcpm1f32zlX4wAEOARdS6boj5TvksFGC82SW8EnX0vsB597lmZs~AksGIHTcGp7cIKYO6NgU-HI42zgNSdAmVU6Z59rgU7Sl6DpAuSmwBg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Lapsen_kaulapatti_milloin_epäillä_ympäristömykobakteeritulehdusta","translated_slug":"","page_count":7,"language":"fi","content_type":"Work","summary":null,"owner":{"id":42249008,"first_name":"Eeva","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Salo","page_name":"ESalo","domain_name":"helsinki","created_at":"2016-01-27T22:39:31.462-08:00","display_name":"Eeva Salo","url":"https://helsinki.academia.edu/ESalo"},"attachments":[{"id":112008528,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/112008528/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"SLL192019_1193.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/112008528/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Lapsen_kaulapatti_milloin_epailla_ympari.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/112008528/SLL192019_1193-libre.pdf?1709368935=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DLapsen_kaulapatti_milloin_epailla_ympari.pdf\u0026Expires=1742561786\u0026Signature=dDVvoFBy2sdhGxNmgksmUx7aEu2~uqX9Dpgitm0bhFESkXPEGuMqHU8VqGeFAbQt-P5p2sxG6rgytEEx3kmOs8SUUAk9s7-XMVmKeyM~riOQN2pm1ML~WmhHxoYRGnIlXyKwincghf7sWpI61mB7me~iSDtVm-iluYYhHeux0K~9pB2WvakpeyY7ITjT36lRo1R-4pyRmU4bWfbGY0CbIJ1KzhuQbEodIB6VYJo8zsWnfcpm1f32zlX4wAEOARdS6boj5TvksFGC82SW8EnX0vsB597lmZs~AksGIHTcGp7cIKYO6NgU-HI42zgNSdAmVU6Z59rgU7Sl6DpAuSmwBg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1085,"name":"Epidemiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Epidemiology"},{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine"},{"id":64933,"name":"Child","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child"},{"id":100657,"name":"Therapy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Therapy"},{"id":102839,"name":"Diagnosis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Diagnosis"},{"id":203765,"name":"Diagnostic Imaging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Diagnostic_Imaging"},{"id":1553782,"name":"Lymphadenitis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lymphadenitis"},{"id":2489700,"name":"Child preschool","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child_preschool"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="115663788"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/115663788/Tuberkuloosin_haasteet_muuttuvat"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Tuberkuloosin haasteet muuttuvat" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/112008525/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/115663788/Tuberkuloosin_haasteet_muuttuvat">Tuberkuloosin haasteet muuttuvat</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="ef19eb5fb2dec8a4f3093f049bc0b07b" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":112008525,"asset_id":115663788,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/112008525/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="115663788"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="115663788"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 115663788; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=115663788]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=115663788]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 115663788; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='115663788']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "ef19eb5fb2dec8a4f3093f049bc0b07b" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=115663788]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":115663788,"title":"Tuberkuloosin haasteet muuttuvat","translated_title":"","metadata":{"publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2017,"errors":{}}},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/115663788/Tuberkuloosin_haasteet_muuttuvat","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2024-03-02T00:09:37.448-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":42249008,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":112008525,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/112008525/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"224637852.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/112008525/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Tuberkuloosin_haasteet_muuttuvat.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/112008525/224637852-libre.pdf?1709368932=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DTuberkuloosin_haasteet_muuttuvat.pdf\u0026Expires=1742561786\u0026Signature=Ycqc0GRcPaIDsm0LpA4xF6rYy7U4-U8NfIyBcARjCniWH3co-7Gy8yeJQlc4NKeCH6nJxOu8P-JiuR6GRcoR0Lu8-9~KURGyd46bKAsI4BH0z2QzkLSpR3f9nICpocHSMYSuI~S-jtuc7okdwDAtOXcI-~mw6zSCuokTvD3~s7BIWqyNt4oE59F-20NcChpH7iegpqC05QE1P09-nwuKZED8Oyw17jUFHhWImm8mkVWCUotyEWsbPzYwWhO4xaqKTz-3GX31J8Wr0XE41jXw4m8zYsecDRR9z0oQrhmyxGmrUncB-vmKopIpimelSPL-mIXnor78nWxIQWOR1b5Feg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Tuberkuloosin_haasteet_muuttuvat","translated_slug":"","page_count":11,"language":"fi","content_type":"Work","summary":null,"owner":{"id":42249008,"first_name":"Eeva","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Salo","page_name":"ESalo","domain_name":"helsinki","created_at":"2016-01-27T22:39:31.462-08:00","display_name":"Eeva Salo","url":"https://helsinki.academia.edu/ESalo"},"attachments":[{"id":112008525,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/112008525/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"224637852.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/112008525/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Tuberkuloosin_haasteet_muuttuvat.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/112008525/224637852-libre.pdf?1709368932=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DTuberkuloosin_haasteet_muuttuvat.pdf\u0026Expires=1742561786\u0026Signature=Ycqc0GRcPaIDsm0LpA4xF6rYy7U4-U8NfIyBcARjCniWH3co-7Gy8yeJQlc4NKeCH6nJxOu8P-JiuR6GRcoR0Lu8-9~KURGyd46bKAsI4BH0z2QzkLSpR3f9nICpocHSMYSuI~S-jtuc7okdwDAtOXcI-~mw6zSCuokTvD3~s7BIWqyNt4oE59F-20NcChpH7iegpqC05QE1P09-nwuKZED8Oyw17jUFHhWImm8mkVWCUotyEWsbPzYwWhO4xaqKTz-3GX31J8Wr0XE41jXw4m8zYsecDRR9z0oQrhmyxGmrUncB-vmKopIpimelSPL-mIXnor78nWxIQWOR1b5Feg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1085,"name":"Epidemiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Epidemiology"},{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine"},{"id":35469,"name":"Immigrants and Emigrants","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immigrants_and_Emigrants"},{"id":62235,"name":"Tuberculosis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tuberculosis"},{"id":102839,"name":"Diagnosis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Diagnosis"},{"id":209856,"name":"Registries","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Registries"},{"id":517443,"name":"Infection prevention and control","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Infection_prevention_and_control"},{"id":555323,"name":"Drug Therapy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drug_Therapy"},{"id":1824236,"name":"Health Personnel","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Personnel"},{"id":3547879,"name":"Contact Tracing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contact_Tracing"},{"id":3693190,"name":"mass Screening","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/mass_Screening"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="115663787"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/115663787/Increase_in_Childhood_Nontuberculous_Mycobacterial_Infections_After_Bacille_Calmette_Gu%C3%A9rin_Coverage_Drop_A_Nationwide_Population_Based_Retrospective_Study_Finland_1995_2016"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Increase in Childhood Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Infections After Bacille Calmette-Guérin Coverage Drop: A Nationwide, Population-Based Retrospective Study, Finland, 1995–2016" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/112008486/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/115663787/Increase_in_Childhood_Nontuberculous_Mycobacterial_Infections_After_Bacille_Calmette_Gu%C3%A9rin_Coverage_Drop_A_Nationwide_Population_Based_Retrospective_Study_Finland_1995_2016">Increase in Childhood Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Infections After Bacille Calmette-Guérin Coverage Drop: A Nationwide, Population-Based Retrospective Study, Finland, 1995–2016</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Clinical Infectious Diseases</span><span>, Mar 23, 2018</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Background. Epidemiological data on childhood nontuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) disease is scarc...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Background. Epidemiological data on childhood nontuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) disease is scarce and the protective effect of bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination remains debated. In 2006, the BCG policy in Finland changed from universal to selective. We aimed to study the effect of the BCG coverage decrease on the incidence of childhood NTM infections in Finland. Methods. We conducted a nationwide, population-based, retrospective study of NTM notifications recorded to the National Infectious Diseases Register between 1995 and 2016 and identified native-born children aged 0-4 years infected with NTM. Poisson log-linear model was used to estimate the change in the incidence rate of cohorts born during universal or selective BCG policy between 1995 and 2015. Results. We identified 97 native-born children aged <5 years infected with NTM (median age, 27 months; female-to-male ratio, 2:1). The most common species was Mycobacterium avium (n = 69 [71%]). The estimated incidence rates of NTM in universal-BCG and selective-BCG cohorts were 0.2 and 3.9 per 100 000 person-years, respectively. The incidence rate ratio of selective-BCG cohorts compared to universal-BCG cohorts was 19.03 (95% confidence interval, 8.82-41.07; P < .001). Conclusions. After infant BCG coverage in Finland decreased, childhood NTM infections increased drastically. As there is no other apparent cause for the increase, this indicates that BCG offers protection against childhood NTM disease. This observation adds to the understanding of childhood NTM epidemiology and might explain why the disease is emerging in some countries.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="75a48ab30a776b9095a5741f4af6cbfd" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":112008486,"asset_id":115663787,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/112008486/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="115663787"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="115663787"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 115663787; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=115663787]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=115663787]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 115663787; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='115663787']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "75a48ab30a776b9095a5741f4af6cbfd" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=115663787]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":115663787,"title":"Increase in Childhood Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Infections After Bacille Calmette-Guérin Coverage Drop: A Nationwide, Population-Based Retrospective Study, Finland, 1995–2016","translated_title":"","metadata":{"publisher":"Oxford University Press","grobid_abstract":"Background. Epidemiological data on childhood nontuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) disease is scarce and the protective effect of bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination remains debated. In 2006, the BCG policy in Finland changed from universal to selective. We aimed to study the effect of the BCG coverage decrease on the incidence of childhood NTM infections in Finland. Methods. We conducted a nationwide, population-based, retrospective study of NTM notifications recorded to the National Infectious Diseases Register between 1995 and 2016 and identified native-born children aged 0-4 years infected with NTM. Poisson log-linear model was used to estimate the change in the incidence rate of cohorts born during universal or selective BCG policy between 1995 and 2015. Results. We identified 97 native-born children aged \u003c5 years infected with NTM (median age, 27 months; female-to-male ratio, 2:1). The most common species was Mycobacterium avium (n = 69 [71%]). The estimated incidence rates of NTM in universal-BCG and selective-BCG cohorts were 0.2 and 3.9 per 100 000 person-years, respectively. The incidence rate ratio of selective-BCG cohorts compared to universal-BCG cohorts was 19.03 (95% confidence interval, 8.82-41.07; P \u003c .001). Conclusions. After infant BCG coverage in Finland decreased, childhood NTM infections increased drastically. As there is no other apparent cause for the increase, this indicates that BCG offers protection against childhood NTM disease. This observation adds to the understanding of childhood NTM epidemiology and might explain why the disease is emerging in some countries.","publication_date":{"day":23,"month":3,"year":2018,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Clinical Infectious Diseases","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":112008485},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/115663787/Increase_in_Childhood_Nontuberculous_Mycobacterial_Infections_After_Bacille_Calmette_Gu%C3%A9rin_Coverage_Drop_A_Nationwide_Population_Based_Retrospective_Study_Finland_1995_2016","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2024-03-02T00:09:37.028-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":42249008,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":112008486,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/112008486/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"ciy241.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/112008486/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Increase_in_Childhood_Nontuberculous_Myc.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/112008486/ciy241-libre.pdf?1709368938=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DIncrease_in_Childhood_Nontuberculous_Myc.pdf\u0026Expires=1742561786\u0026Signature=UqqZDjXNkNgbCWHCUicQ1pCNiPFYea9ZMSs~8NAI8D36nHK8Baeg1tb10wKySQC0TuDm1~DJAhqN72oSdQMtfHB0tPLHAqCcXfseD87ibvCnh22pcphmaaN9Vwpugtwdu0Iet3o7CSDjmHzEV3ClVshbILL19f~RIFg3QmN6K9obe2iIETE19dpUyLgi7pfzzOYMFyM1rnOCfOXqV6Is7awEQGFyn5ShmaLFbo6kYiWmASu9nSw4O8UV9THIazsh1xy1vSY49lxZN6DNAuN~WvXl2CL-uQKuTm8wzXXnx6dOSSla-TktpTIDbdT1X-UtVXQa3R7Vz7tV4iAztGPmbw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Increase_in_Childhood_Nontuberculous_Mycobacterial_Infections_After_Bacille_Calmette_Guérin_Coverage_Drop_A_Nationwide_Population_Based_Retrospective_Study_Finland_1995_2016","translated_slug":"","page_count":6,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","summary":"Background. Epidemiological data on childhood nontuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) disease is scarce and the protective effect of bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination remains debated. In 2006, the BCG policy in Finland changed from universal to selective. We aimed to study the effect of the BCG coverage decrease on the incidence of childhood NTM infections in Finland. Methods. We conducted a nationwide, population-based, retrospective study of NTM notifications recorded to the National Infectious Diseases Register between 1995 and 2016 and identified native-born children aged 0-4 years infected with NTM. Poisson log-linear model was used to estimate the change in the incidence rate of cohorts born during universal or selective BCG policy between 1995 and 2015. Results. We identified 97 native-born children aged \u003c5 years infected with NTM (median age, 27 months; female-to-male ratio, 2:1). The most common species was Mycobacterium avium (n = 69 [71%]). The estimated incidence rates of NTM in universal-BCG and selective-BCG cohorts were 0.2 and 3.9 per 100 000 person-years, respectively. The incidence rate ratio of selective-BCG cohorts compared to universal-BCG cohorts was 19.03 (95% confidence interval, 8.82-41.07; P \u003c .001). Conclusions. After infant BCG coverage in Finland decreased, childhood NTM infections increased drastically. As there is no other apparent cause for the increase, this indicates that BCG offers protection against childhood NTM disease. This observation adds to the understanding of childhood NTM epidemiology and might explain why the disease is emerging in some countries.","owner":{"id":42249008,"first_name":"Eeva","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Salo","page_name":"ESalo","domain_name":"helsinki","created_at":"2016-01-27T22:39:31.462-08:00","display_name":"Eeva Salo","url":"https://helsinki.academia.edu/ESalo"},"attachments":[{"id":112008486,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/112008486/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"ciy241.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/112008486/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Increase_in_Childhood_Nontuberculous_Myc.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/112008486/ciy241-libre.pdf?1709368938=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DIncrease_in_Childhood_Nontuberculous_Myc.pdf\u0026Expires=1742561786\u0026Signature=UqqZDjXNkNgbCWHCUicQ1pCNiPFYea9ZMSs~8NAI8D36nHK8Baeg1tb10wKySQC0TuDm1~DJAhqN72oSdQMtfHB0tPLHAqCcXfseD87ibvCnh22pcphmaaN9Vwpugtwdu0Iet3o7CSDjmHzEV3ClVshbILL19f~RIFg3QmN6K9obe2iIETE19dpUyLgi7pfzzOYMFyM1rnOCfOXqV6Is7awEQGFyn5ShmaLFbo6kYiWmASu9nSw4O8UV9THIazsh1xy1vSY49lxZN6DNAuN~WvXl2CL-uQKuTm8wzXXnx6dOSSla-TktpTIDbdT1X-UtVXQa3R7Vz7tV4iAztGPmbw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"},{"id":112008485,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/112008485/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"ciy241.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/112008485/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Increase_in_Childhood_Nontuberculous_Myc.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/112008485/ciy241-libre.pdf?1709368941=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DIncrease_in_Childhood_Nontuberculous_Myc.pdf\u0026Expires=1742561787\u0026Signature=Sa6oEuU1JVUi46VS2p4Z4-8Y6xeyeM6TQgwUJnbS23IcsOyMBSR33yTS~YTf58l28~73oav6b~gTm5Z~MIku8SaKxMldr8UuXhzXpxMKzm7UlvzKmhnSq3X~W34W74lbixfZaE1ee8qVILYqYTsrfoPDwJOcwwIew7NPLjQTvVyb9M2OD82qd6x4bpgZw-Ft4782-XQnhlRkVSgq38GPpgmon7ixCl8fQ9hrZK9SVnrXFtFom7~0onuKY8hluJTYljfwF0sPYKLA1-mDgUVdxGM-KUvfzMJGrm5U-MJodxtsnRNrPCNXxqxVxaQ~X2OiVLJ1gGOYPLgDjb2ukSjF4Q__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1085,"name":"Epidemiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Epidemiology"},{"id":5500,"name":"Incidence Geometry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Incidence_Geometry"},{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine"},{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences"},{"id":64336,"name":"Population","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Population"},{"id":179934,"name":"Vaccination","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vaccination"},{"id":347741,"name":"NTM","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/NTM"},{"id":1336838,"name":"Clinical Infectious Diseases","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Infectious_Diseases"},{"id":1493802,"name":"Nontuberculous Mycobacteria","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nontuberculous_Mycobacteria"},{"id":1553782,"name":"Lymphadenitis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lymphadenitis"},{"id":2103935,"name":"Vaccination coverage","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vaccination_coverage"},{"id":2782860,"name":"BCG","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/BCG"},{"id":2850206,"name":"wos","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/wos"},{"id":3763225,"name":"Medical and Health Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_and_Health_Sciences"}],"urls":[{"id":39953691,"url":"https://academic.oup.com/cid/article-pdf/67/8/1256/25849299/ciy241.pdf"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="115663785"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/115663785/Riskiryhmiin_kohdistuva_tuberkuloosin_torjunta"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Riskiryhmiin kohdistuva tuberkuloosin torjunta" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title">Riskiryhmiin kohdistuva tuberkuloosin torjunta</div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="115663785"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="115663785"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 115663785; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=115663785]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=115663785]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 115663785; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='115663785']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=115663785]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":115663785,"title":"Riskiryhmiin kohdistuva tuberkuloosin torjunta","translated_title":"","metadata":{"publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2005,"errors":{}}},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/115663785/Riskiryhmiin_kohdistuva_tuberkuloosin_torjunta","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2024-03-02T00:09:36.143-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":42249008,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"Riskiryhmiin_kohdistuva_tuberkuloosin_torjunta","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"fi","content_type":"Work","summary":null,"owner":{"id":42249008,"first_name":"Eeva","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Salo","page_name":"ESalo","domain_name":"helsinki","created_at":"2016-01-27T22:39:31.462-08:00","display_name":"Eeva Salo","url":"https://helsinki.academia.edu/ESalo"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine"}],"urls":[{"id":39953690,"url":"https://www.julkari.fi/handle/10024/98596"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="115663784"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/115663784/Intravenous_Immune_Globulin_Reduces_the_IgG_Antiendothelial_Cell_Antibody_Response_in_Kawasaki_Disease"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Intravenous Immune Globulin Reduces the IgG Antiendothelial Cell Antibody Response in Kawasaki Disease" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title">Intravenous Immune Globulin Reduces the IgG Antiendothelial Cell Antibody Response in Kawasaki Disease</div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Endothelium (CD-ROM)</span><span>, 1993</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">IgG class antiendothelial cell antibodies were sought by a cellular ELISA in 350 samples from 118...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">IgG class antiendothelial cell antibodies were sought by a cellular ELISA in 350 samples from 118 patients with Kawasaki disease. They were found in 62 of the patients (52%); including 12 of 18 patients with a coronary artery lesion and 34 of 67 in whom such a lesion was not detected. Their frequency was similar in patients who had received intravenous immune globulin (18 of 40) and in those who had not (43 of 78). However, the mean antibody levels rose significantly in patients who were not treated with intravenous immune globulin but no such rise occurred in treated patients whose mean and peak antibody levels remained significantly lower than those of untreated patients. These results suggest that intravenous immune globulin reduces the magnitude of the antiendothelial cell antibody response in patients with Kawasaki disease.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="115663784"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="115663784"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 115663784; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=115663784]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=115663784]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 115663784; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='115663784']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=115663784]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":115663784,"title":"Intravenous Immune Globulin Reduces the IgG Antiendothelial Cell Antibody Response in Kawasaki Disease","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"IgG class antiendothelial cell antibodies were sought by a cellular ELISA in 350 samples from 118 patients with Kawasaki disease. They were found in 62 of the patients (52%); including 12 of 18 patients with a coronary artery lesion and 34 of 67 in whom such a lesion was not detected. Their frequency was similar in patients who had received intravenous immune globulin (18 of 40) and in those who had not (43 of 78). However, the mean antibody levels rose significantly in patients who were not treated with intravenous immune globulin but no such rise occurred in treated patients whose mean and peak antibody levels remained significantly lower than those of untreated patients. These results suggest that intravenous immune globulin reduces the magnitude of the antiendothelial cell antibody response in patients with Kawasaki disease.","publisher":"Taylor \u0026 Francis","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":1993,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Endothelium (CD-ROM)"},"translated_abstract":"IgG class antiendothelial cell antibodies were sought by a cellular ELISA in 350 samples from 118 patients with Kawasaki disease. They were found in 62 of the patients (52%); including 12 of 18 patients with a coronary artery lesion and 34 of 67 in whom such a lesion was not detected. Their frequency was similar in patients who had received intravenous immune globulin (18 of 40) and in those who had not (43 of 78). However, the mean antibody levels rose significantly in patients who were not treated with intravenous immune globulin but no such rise occurred in treated patients whose mean and peak antibody levels remained significantly lower than those of untreated patients. These results suggest that intravenous immune globulin reduces the magnitude of the antiendothelial cell antibody response in patients with Kawasaki disease.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/115663784/Intravenous_Immune_Globulin_Reduces_the_IgG_Antiendothelial_Cell_Antibody_Response_in_Kawasaki_Disease","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2024-03-02T00:09:35.909-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":42249008,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"Intravenous_Immune_Globulin_Reduces_the_IgG_Antiendothelial_Cell_Antibody_Response_in_Kawasaki_Disease","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","summary":"IgG class antiendothelial cell antibodies were sought by a cellular ELISA in 350 samples from 118 patients with Kawasaki disease. They were found in 62 of the patients (52%); including 12 of 18 patients with a coronary artery lesion and 34 of 67 in whom such a lesion was not detected. Their frequency was similar in patients who had received intravenous immune globulin (18 of 40) and in those who had not (43 of 78). However, the mean antibody levels rose significantly in patients who were not treated with intravenous immune globulin but no such rise occurred in treated patients whose mean and peak antibody levels remained significantly lower than those of untreated patients. These results suggest that intravenous immune globulin reduces the magnitude of the antiendothelial cell antibody response in patients with Kawasaki disease.","owner":{"id":42249008,"first_name":"Eeva","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Salo","page_name":"ESalo","domain_name":"helsinki","created_at":"2016-01-27T22:39:31.462-08:00","display_name":"Eeva Salo","url":"https://helsinki.academia.edu/ESalo"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[{"id":1290,"name":"Immunology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immunology"},{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine"},{"id":162186,"name":"Globulin","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Globulin"},{"id":165212,"name":"Kawasaki Disease","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Kawasaki_Disease"},{"id":244814,"name":"Clinical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences"},{"id":324154,"name":"Immune system","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immune_system"},{"id":357811,"name":"Antibody","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antibody"},{"id":410370,"name":"Public health systems and services research","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_health_systems_and_services_research-1"},{"id":788667,"name":"ENDOTHELIUM","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ENDOTHELIUM"},{"id":1435553,"name":"Gamma Globulin","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gamma_Globulin"},{"id":3789884,"name":"Pharmacology and pharmaceutical sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmacology_and_pharmaceutical_sciences"}],"urls":[{"id":39953688,"url":"https://doi.org/10.3109/10623329309100957"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="115663783"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/115663783/Ohjeet_p%C3%A4%C3%A4t%C3%A4itartunnan_toteamiseksi_ja_hoidoksi"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Ohjeet päätäitartunnan toteamiseksi ja hoidoksi" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title">Ohjeet päätäitartunnan toteamiseksi ja hoidoksi</div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="115663783"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="115663783"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 115663783; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=115663783]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=115663783]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 115663783; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='115663783']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=115663783]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":115663783,"title":"Ohjeet päätäitartunnan toteamiseksi ja hoidoksi","translated_title":"","metadata":{"publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2009,"errors":{}}},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/115663783/Ohjeet_p%C3%A4%C3%A4t%C3%A4itartunnan_toteamiseksi_ja_hoidoksi","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2024-03-02T00:09:35.695-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":42249008,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"Ohjeet_päätäitartunnan_toteamiseksi_ja_hoidoksi","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"fi","content_type":"Work","summary":null,"owner":{"id":42249008,"first_name":"Eeva","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Salo","page_name":"ESalo","domain_name":"helsinki","created_at":"2016-01-27T22:39:31.462-08:00","display_name":"Eeva Salo","url":"https://helsinki.academia.edu/ESalo"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[],"urls":[{"id":39953687,"url":"https://researchportal.helsinki.fi/en/publications/ohjeet-p%C3%A4%C3%A4t%C3%A4itartunnan-toteamiseksi-ja-hoidoksi"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="115663782"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/115663782/Tuberculosis_contact_investigation_results_among_paediatric_contacts_in_low_incidence_settings_in_Finland"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Tuberculosis contact investigation results among paediatric contacts in low-incidence settings in Finland" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/112008482/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/115663782/Tuberculosis_contact_investigation_results_among_paediatric_contacts_in_low_incidence_settings_in_Finland">Tuberculosis contact investigation results among paediatric contacts in low-incidence settings in Finland</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>European Journal of Pediatrics</span><span>, Mar 2, 2021</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Tuberculosis (TB) risk is highest immediately after primary infection, and young children are vul...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Tuberculosis (TB) risk is highest immediately after primary infection, and young children are vulnerable to rapid and severe TB disease. Contact tracing should identify infected children rapidly and simultaneously target resources effectively. We conducted a retrospective review of the paediatric TB contact tracing results in the Hospital District of Helsinki and Uusimaa from 2012 to 2016 and identified risk factors for TB disease or infection. Altogether, 121 index cases had 526 paediatric contacts of whom 34 were diagnosed with TB disease or infection. The maximum delay until first contact investigation visit among the household contacts under 5 years of age with either TB disease or infection was 7 days. The yield for TB disease or infection was 4.6% and 12.8% for household contacts, 0.5% and 0% for contacts exposed in a congregate setting and 1.4% and 5.0% for other contacts, respectively. Contacts born in a TB endemic country (aOR 3.07, 95% CI 1.10-8.57), with household exposure (aOR 2.96, 95% CI 1.33-6.58) or a sputum smear positive index case (aOR 3.96, 95% CI 1.20-13.03) were more likely to have TB disease or infection. Conclusions: Prompt TB investigations and early diagnosis can be achieved with a well-organised contact tracing structure. The risk for TB infection or disease was higher among contacts with household exposure, a sputum smear positive index case or born in a TB endemic country. Large-scale investigations among children exposed in congregate settings can result in a very low yield and should be cautiously targeted. What is Known: • Vulnerable young children are a high priority in contact tracing and should be evaluated as soon as possible after TB exposure What is New: • Prompt investigations for paediatric TB contacts and early diagnosis of infected children can be achieved with a well-organised contact tracing structure • Large-scale investigations among children exposed in congregate settings can result in a very low yield and should be cautiously targeted Keywords Tuberculosis. Vulnerable young children. Paediatric TB contact tracing Communicated by Nicole Ritz</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="5a564e91ea4aabbab000fa162436a710" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":112008482,"asset_id":115663782,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/112008482/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="115663782"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="115663782"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 115663782; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=115663782]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=115663782]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 115663782; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='115663782']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "5a564e91ea4aabbab000fa162436a710" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=115663782]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":115663782,"title":"Tuberculosis contact investigation results among paediatric contacts in low-incidence settings in Finland","translated_title":"","metadata":{"publisher":"Springer Science+Business Media","grobid_abstract":"Tuberculosis (TB) risk is highest immediately after primary infection, and young children are vulnerable to rapid and severe TB disease. Contact tracing should identify infected children rapidly and simultaneously target resources effectively. We conducted a retrospective review of the paediatric TB contact tracing results in the Hospital District of Helsinki and Uusimaa from 2012 to 2016 and identified risk factors for TB disease or infection. Altogether, 121 index cases had 526 paediatric contacts of whom 34 were diagnosed with TB disease or infection. The maximum delay until first contact investigation visit among the household contacts under 5 years of age with either TB disease or infection was 7 days. The yield for TB disease or infection was 4.6% and 12.8% for household contacts, 0.5% and 0% for contacts exposed in a congregate setting and 1.4% and 5.0% for other contacts, respectively. Contacts born in a TB endemic country (aOR 3.07, 95% CI 1.10-8.57), with household exposure (aOR 2.96, 95% CI 1.33-6.58) or a sputum smear positive index case (aOR 3.96, 95% CI 1.20-13.03) were more likely to have TB disease or infection. Conclusions: Prompt TB investigations and early diagnosis can be achieved with a well-organised contact tracing structure. The risk for TB infection or disease was higher among contacts with household exposure, a sputum smear positive index case or born in a TB endemic country. Large-scale investigations among children exposed in congregate settings can result in a very low yield and should be cautiously targeted. What is Known: • Vulnerable young children are a high priority in contact tracing and should be evaluated as soon as possible after TB exposure What is New: • Prompt investigations for paediatric TB contacts and early diagnosis of infected children can be achieved with a well-organised contact tracing structure • Large-scale investigations among children exposed in congregate settings can result in a very low yield and should be cautiously targeted Keywords Tuberculosis. Vulnerable young children. Paediatric TB contact tracing Communicated by Nicole Ritz","publication_date":{"day":2,"month":3,"year":2021,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"European Journal of Pediatrics","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":112008482},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/115663782/Tuberculosis_contact_investigation_results_among_paediatric_contacts_in_low_incidence_settings_in_Finland","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2024-03-02T00:09:35.475-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":42249008,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":112008482,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/112008482/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"s00431-021-04000-7.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/112008482/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Tuberculosis_contact_investigation_resul.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/112008482/s00431-021-04000-7-libre.pdf?1709368941=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DTuberculosis_contact_investigation_resul.pdf\u0026Expires=1742561787\u0026Signature=IKCO6xSSvILu09f5YKdQwR00iJRGgQu5mLZRF8Gm4NduidR4iZZcKuk47jBGgX4kf9Vkw2ZMUy-cN0O4aeI94iCYi7qjyyUfrrYDRQyClPZbAczLf3RxNsSgl1tLehQTMtzVGG0vwDEoW5v~wXDCtJaKGppwF3z2LaWWxDbZDTzxoMX90WKYJ~V3WLq1FZ9iNqrbuxUu58~NFLccDvzcxf-pDaiIxZZ6qAIOXPoQ5VyL3NNFcsY9blhrHWcUfoQzg0-UzYEAuUfJzD62yhRkZuhdkcWqpUk31130p7q5oSFXGFU8d0pMpVk3-A~Dj62ezpUjf9RBl7jerUytfeyejQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Tuberculosis_contact_investigation_results_among_paediatric_contacts_in_low_incidence_settings_in_Finland","translated_slug":"","page_count":8,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","summary":"Tuberculosis (TB) risk is highest immediately after primary infection, and young children are vulnerable to rapid and severe TB disease. Contact tracing should identify infected children rapidly and simultaneously target resources effectively. We conducted a retrospective review of the paediatric TB contact tracing results in the Hospital District of Helsinki and Uusimaa from 2012 to 2016 and identified risk factors for TB disease or infection. Altogether, 121 index cases had 526 paediatric contacts of whom 34 were diagnosed with TB disease or infection. The maximum delay until first contact investigation visit among the household contacts under 5 years of age with either TB disease or infection was 7 days. The yield for TB disease or infection was 4.6% and 12.8% for household contacts, 0.5% and 0% for contacts exposed in a congregate setting and 1.4% and 5.0% for other contacts, respectively. Contacts born in a TB endemic country (aOR 3.07, 95% CI 1.10-8.57), with household exposure (aOR 2.96, 95% CI 1.33-6.58) or a sputum smear positive index case (aOR 3.96, 95% CI 1.20-13.03) were more likely to have TB disease or infection. Conclusions: Prompt TB investigations and early diagnosis can be achieved with a well-organised contact tracing structure. The risk for TB infection or disease was higher among contacts with household exposure, a sputum smear positive index case or born in a TB endemic country. Large-scale investigations among children exposed in congregate settings can result in a very low yield and should be cautiously targeted. What is Known: • Vulnerable young children are a high priority in contact tracing and should be evaluated as soon as possible after TB exposure What is New: • Prompt investigations for paediatric TB contacts and early diagnosis of infected children can be achieved with a well-organised contact tracing structure • Large-scale investigations among children exposed in congregate settings can result in a very low yield and should be cautiously targeted Keywords Tuberculosis. Vulnerable young children. Paediatric TB contact tracing Communicated by Nicole Ritz","owner":{"id":42249008,"first_name":"Eeva","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Salo","page_name":"ESalo","domain_name":"helsinki","created_at":"2016-01-27T22:39:31.462-08:00","display_name":"Eeva Salo","url":"https://helsinki.academia.edu/ESalo"},"attachments":[{"id":112008482,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/112008482/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"s00431-021-04000-7.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/112008482/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Tuberculosis_contact_investigation_resul.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/112008482/s00431-021-04000-7-libre.pdf?1709368941=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DTuberculosis_contact_investigation_resul.pdf\u0026Expires=1742561787\u0026Signature=IKCO6xSSvILu09f5YKdQwR00iJRGgQu5mLZRF8Gm4NduidR4iZZcKuk47jBGgX4kf9Vkw2ZMUy-cN0O4aeI94iCYi7qjyyUfrrYDRQyClPZbAczLf3RxNsSgl1tLehQTMtzVGG0vwDEoW5v~wXDCtJaKGppwF3z2LaWWxDbZDTzxoMX90WKYJ~V3WLq1FZ9iNqrbuxUu58~NFLccDvzcxf-pDaiIxZZ6qAIOXPoQ5VyL3NNFcsY9blhrHWcUfoQzg0-UzYEAuUfJzD62yhRkZuhdkcWqpUk31130p7q5oSFXGFU8d0pMpVk3-A~Dj62ezpUjf9RBl7jerUytfeyejQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"},{"id":112008481,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/112008481/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"s00431-021-04000-7.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/112008481/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Tuberculosis_contact_investigation_resul.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/112008481/s00431-021-04000-7-libre.pdf?1709368937=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DTuberculosis_contact_investigation_resul.pdf\u0026Expires=1742561787\u0026Signature=fYn3JpME3MMoD9TXTlsYzUIJsac84NjGMJnIc7TGM5wlG78HXjKEgh4opVjWkbzuDjc969ueObWIScEy2ZOEjjB1u5AH54xEGLSaTyw9L5SLIMoFL9yzUX8t9-QrHMLINve1cpErNIsDlmNTybEoTidbHY~-~2nD4aG7a01vJmZrLhKV2yYs7c9xiUqrhWEDMQcRJGHQk~5-ojp1FCEv3MN3N1cqRNnSd2TYOJhOtINjwQ5oAqPLJWjODuz9hg1I42ShaeJ5-2xO9DW2olRODaQQYA9h4Yxv1yPAvFgo3zUGMNDKr4CZd0ONHvXwLHBVSibp993IvHMWgoYFY7YfMQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":631,"name":"Pediatrics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pediatrics"},{"id":5500,"name":"Incidence Geometry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Incidence_Geometry"},{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine"},{"id":62235,"name":"Tuberculosis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tuberculosis"},{"id":99773,"name":"Disease","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Disease"},{"id":410370,"name":"Public health systems and services research","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_health_systems_and_services_research-1"},{"id":724400,"name":"Sputum","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sputum"},{"id":3547879,"name":"Contact Tracing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contact_Tracing"},{"id":3789883,"name":"Paediatrics and reproductive medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paediatrics_and_reproductive_medicine"}],"urls":[{"id":39953686,"url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00431-021-04000-7.pdf"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="115663781"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/115663781/Childhood_nontuberculous_mycobacterial_lymphadenitis_observation_alone_is_a_good_alternative_to_surgery"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Childhood nontuberculous mycobacterial lymphadenitis-observation alone is a good alternative to surgery" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/112008480/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/115663781/Childhood_nontuberculous_mycobacterial_lymphadenitis_observation_alone_is_a_good_alternative_to_surgery">Childhood nontuberculous mycobacterial lymphadenitis-observation alone is a good alternative to surgery</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology</span><span>, Feb 1, 2020</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the ad...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the addition of a cover page and metadata, and formatting for readability, but it is not yet the definitive version of record. This version will undergo additional copyediting, typesetting and review before it is published in its final form, but we are providing this version to give early visibility of the article. Please note that, during the production process, errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="d000a82e13058f14f9a3ffa54c791c68" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":112008480,"asset_id":115663781,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/112008480/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="115663781"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="115663781"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 115663781; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=115663781]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=115663781]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 115663781; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='115663781']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "d000a82e13058f14f9a3ffa54c791c68" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=115663781]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":115663781,"title":"Childhood nontuberculous mycobacterial lymphadenitis-observation alone is a good alternative to surgery","translated_title":"","metadata":{"publisher":"Elsevier BV","ai_title_tag":"Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Lymphadenitis","grobid_abstract":"This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the addition of a cover page and metadata, and formatting for readability, but it is not yet the definitive version of record. This version will undergo additional copyediting, typesetting and review before it is published in its final form, but we are providing this version to give early visibility of the article. Please note that, during the production process, errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.","publication_date":{"day":1,"month":2,"year":2020,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":112008480},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/115663781/Childhood_nontuberculous_mycobacterial_lymphadenitis_observation_alone_is_a_good_alternative_to_surgery","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2024-03-02T00:09:35.232-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":42249008,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":112008480,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/112008480/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"1_s2.0_S0165587619305312_main.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/112008480/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Childhood_nontuberculous_mycobacterial_l.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/112008480/1_s2.0_S0165587619305312_main-libre.pdf?1709368945=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DChildhood_nontuberculous_mycobacterial_l.pdf\u0026Expires=1742561787\u0026Signature=Zz7k6BN4EHfRsp-iLWTKX9F8sfj8Z8P2ONy29LJajSwA-dv6L~c3r-0FNPQkqyvUdCSmCRI5yc06po6UKBxFmer7WyEGLcel7wgEUfeTDV0K3Gg3Q8OHoxNzhLowE42S6IExLwgLB4tzG8zlwcesMtP7OOBHVoQ1VsyfHtv2hWRoMZVfZedGiIJClHd3f26U93UiKGOY-LGTSi78Hqo25rc41V1FOQzmwMRFujXmUVV5pRoS7e1BYpWRqtKnFEjwr0h7MK250Mj46Ddd~rf-NVDvkoh4JOe3Uvk~Gj9VOKsnU~p3KpUr4yB94G~NcveW7iaOm61cfVwwDmOsSHTI-A__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Childhood_nontuberculous_mycobacterial_lymphadenitis_observation_alone_is_a_good_alternative_to_surgery","translated_slug":"","page_count":22,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","summary":"This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the addition of a cover page and metadata, and formatting for readability, but it is not yet the definitive version of record. This version will undergo additional copyediting, typesetting and review before it is published in its final form, but we are providing this version to give early visibility of the article. Please note that, during the production process, errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.","owner":{"id":42249008,"first_name":"Eeva","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Salo","page_name":"ESalo","domain_name":"helsinki","created_at":"2016-01-27T22:39:31.462-08:00","display_name":"Eeva Salo","url":"https://helsinki.academia.edu/ESalo"},"attachments":[{"id":112008480,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/112008480/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"1_s2.0_S0165587619305312_main.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/112008480/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Childhood_nontuberculous_mycobacterial_l.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/112008480/1_s2.0_S0165587619305312_main-libre.pdf?1709368945=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DChildhood_nontuberculous_mycobacterial_l.pdf\u0026Expires=1742561787\u0026Signature=Zz7k6BN4EHfRsp-iLWTKX9F8sfj8Z8P2ONy29LJajSwA-dv6L~c3r-0FNPQkqyvUdCSmCRI5yc06po6UKBxFmer7WyEGLcel7wgEUfeTDV0K3Gg3Q8OHoxNzhLowE42S6IExLwgLB4tzG8zlwcesMtP7OOBHVoQ1VsyfHtv2hWRoMZVfZedGiIJClHd3f26U93UiKGOY-LGTSi78Hqo25rc41V1FOQzmwMRFujXmUVV5pRoS7e1BYpWRqtKnFEjwr0h7MK250Mj46Ddd~rf-NVDvkoh4JOe3Uvk~Gj9VOKsnU~p3KpUr4yB94G~NcveW7iaOm61cfVwwDmOsSHTI-A__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":38,"name":"Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Management"},{"id":647,"name":"Surgery","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Surgery"},{"id":21141,"name":"Fistula","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fistula"},{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine"},{"id":54533,"name":"Children","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Children"},{"id":99773,"name":"Disease","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Disease"},{"id":111842,"name":"Otorhinolaryngology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Otorhinolaryngology"},{"id":244814,"name":"Clinical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences"},{"id":803390,"name":"Bcg Vaccination","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bcg_Vaccination"},{"id":1493802,"name":"Nontuberculous Mycobacteria","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nontuberculous_Mycobacteria"},{"id":1553782,"name":"Lymphadenitis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lymphadenitis"},{"id":2011976,"name":"Environmental/Non-tuberculous Mycobacteria","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Non-tuberculous_Mycobacteria"},{"id":3789883,"name":"Paediatrics and reproductive medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paediatrics_and_reproductive_medicine"}],"urls":[{"id":39953685,"url":"https://helda.helsinki.fi/bitstream/10138/321393/1/1_s2.0_S0165587619305312_main.pdf"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="115663780"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/115663780/Abstracts_of_papers_and_posters_safe_handling_of_medicines"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Abstracts of papers and posters safe handling of medicines" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/112008526/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/115663780/Abstracts_of_papers_and_posters_safe_handling_of_medicines">Abstracts of papers and posters safe handling of medicines</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Pharmacy World & Science</span><span>, 1993</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The presentation will briefly describe the present pharmaceutical education at German universitie...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The presentation will briefly describe the present pharmaceutical education at German universities according to the law for education and licensure (Approbationsordnung for Apetheker, dated July 19, I989). These rules and regulations are mandatory for all schools of pharmacy in Germany. Clinical pharmacy is not yet included in the curriculum. Hospital pharmacists with a strong clinical pharmacy program convinced faculty members to bring practitioners back to the university to teach courses in clinical pharmacy. The development of such a project between the school of pharmacy at the Albert-Ludwigs-University at Freiburg im Breisgau and the department of pharmacy at the Karlsruhe Klinikum will be described. The aim is, to encourage more hospital pharmacists to cooperate with faculty in teaching undergraduate students. A strong point will be made, why it is essential that practitioners must teach courses in clinical pharmacy. Also a warning will be directed to them, only to teach, what they actually practice. The practitioner educators will be role models for faculty members and students alike. Existing difficulties must not be overlooked between basic research and applied clinical research. The research interests of pharmaceutical sciences teachers and practitioner educators are divers. Zentralapotheke St~dt. Klinikum Postfach 6280 76042 Karlsruhe Germany Knowledge, skills and attitude dcvctopmcnt in Clinical Pharmacy E. wan dcr Klcijn, PhD Michclangelodtraat 34, NL 1077 CC An~stcrdam Despite a history as h)ng as mankind and in contrast to common belief general and specialised medicine, recognised by their distinctive subcultural organisatious and licenses, do not exist for longer than about fourty years in their current appearances. They still show all the social characteristies of the medieval Guild-structure with its master-student relationships and tribal rituals. Pharmacy, the art ofcompoundins and disoeusin~, for quality reasons was divorced from medicine, its art of prescribing in the twelve's century with inherent professional and cultural consequences. The current fragmented heslthcare and-maintenance system has grown weary in terms of managerial, emotional as well as economic outcome and satisfaction. Redesigning healthcare from human needs, and demands-perspectives, provided the desired and available skills, knowledge and means at affordable or accepted expenditure requires new social and professional structures with a emphasis on collaboration among the various practitioners. These needs may require redasigniag pharmacies, locations, jobdascriprions and reimbursement policies for drugs and services. Pharmacy in the past two decades by adopting the clinical adjection, has attempted to offer and merge its services to patients via the medical stuctures. The success has been limited partly due to opposition from both the medical as well the pharmaceutical community. Despite obviously being better trained, experienced and equiped for assisting in pharmaco-tberapeuties than their medical and surgical colleagues, pbarmasists have not yet been able lo convince the public at large of their prime position. Without sacrificing their chemical, physical and technological knowledge and skills that prepares the pharmacist as an expert for individualised cx)mpounding and dispensing of patient's drugase, pharmacists require to adopt a number of competencias that allows them to act harmoniously, professionally in the medical environment with patients. These competencies are categodsed as:-pefformanco in daily practice: * patient consultation on medication history, current reasons for encounter and medical decision making in confident consensus with the physician, * intraspective prescrlption-surveillance, 9 individualising and dispensing medication, " monitoring drug-utilisation,-educatioa and training: * support of prospective therapeutic decision making, 9 retrospective auditing and evaluation, * prescription formulary development,-r~ch and development: " phar maco-cpidemiology, * technology assessment and costs containment, * diagnostic and therapeutic protocol development, 9 pharmacokinetic monitoring services, * mini-technology in medical supplies and pharmaccuties.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="a0999f0ac71dcbd9f72780a1c25c05dd" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":112008526,"asset_id":115663780,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/112008526/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="115663780"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="115663780"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 115663780; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=115663780]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=115663780]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 115663780; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='115663780']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "a0999f0ac71dcbd9f72780a1c25c05dd" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=115663780]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":115663780,"title":"Abstracts of papers and posters safe handling of medicines","translated_title":"","metadata":{"publisher":"Springer Nature","grobid_abstract":"The presentation will briefly describe the present pharmaceutical education at German universities according to the law for education and licensure (Approbationsordnung for Apetheker, dated July 19, I989). These rules and regulations are mandatory for all schools of pharmacy in Germany. Clinical pharmacy is not yet included in the curriculum. Hospital pharmacists with a strong clinical pharmacy program convinced faculty members to bring practitioners back to the university to teach courses in clinical pharmacy. The development of such a project between the school of pharmacy at the Albert-Ludwigs-University at Freiburg im Breisgau and the department of pharmacy at the Karlsruhe Klinikum will be described. The aim is, to encourage more hospital pharmacists to cooperate with faculty in teaching undergraduate students. A strong point will be made, why it is essential that practitioners must teach courses in clinical pharmacy. Also a warning will be directed to them, only to teach, what they actually practice. The practitioner educators will be role models for faculty members and students alike. Existing difficulties must not be overlooked between basic research and applied clinical research. The research interests of pharmaceutical sciences teachers and practitioner educators are divers. Zentralapotheke St~dt. Klinikum Postfach 6280 76042 Karlsruhe Germany Knowledge, skills and attitude dcvctopmcnt in Clinical Pharmacy E. wan dcr Klcijn, PhD Michclangelodtraat 34, NL 1077 CC An~stcrdam Despite a history as h)ng as mankind and in contrast to common belief general and specialised medicine, recognised by their distinctive subcultural organisatious and licenses, do not exist for longer than about fourty years in their current appearances. They still show all the social characteristies of the medieval Guild-structure with its master-student relationships and tribal rituals. Pharmacy, the art ofcompoundins and disoeusin~, for quality reasons was divorced from medicine, its art of prescribing in the twelve's century with inherent professional and cultural consequences. The current fragmented heslthcare and-maintenance system has grown weary in terms of managerial, emotional as well as economic outcome and satisfaction. Redesigning healthcare from human needs, and demands-perspectives, provided the desired and available skills, knowledge and means at affordable or accepted expenditure requires new social and professional structures with a emphasis on collaboration among the various practitioners. These needs may require redasigniag pharmacies, locations, jobdascriprions and reimbursement policies for drugs and services. Pharmacy in the past two decades by adopting the clinical adjection, has attempted to offer and merge its services to patients via the medical stuctures. The success has been limited partly due to opposition from both the medical as well the pharmaceutical community. Despite obviously being better trained, experienced and equiped for assisting in pharmaco-tberapeuties than their medical and surgical colleagues, pbarmasists have not yet been able lo convince the public at large of their prime position. Without sacrificing their chemical, physical and technological knowledge and skills that prepares the pharmacist as an expert for individualised cx)mpounding and dispensing of patient's drugase, pharmacists require to adopt a number of competencias that allows them to act harmoniously, professionally in the medical environment with patients. These competencies are categodsed as:-pefformanco in daily practice: * patient consultation on medication history, current reasons for encounter and medical decision making in confident consensus with the physician, * intraspective prescrlption-surveillance, 9 individualising and dispensing medication, \" monitoring drug-utilisation,-educatioa and training: * support of prospective therapeutic decision making, 9 retrospective auditing and evaluation, * prescription formulary development,-r~ch and development: \" phar maco-cpidemiology, * technology assessment and costs containment, * diagnostic and therapeutic protocol development, 9 pharmacokinetic monitoring services, * mini-technology in medical supplies and pharmaccuties.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":1993,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Pharmacy World \u0026 Science","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":112008526},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/115663780/Abstracts_of_papers_and_posters_safe_handling_of_medicines","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2024-03-02T00:09:35.061-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":42249008,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":112008526,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/112008526/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"bf0187100520240302-1-kicmex.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/112008526/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Abstracts_of_papers_and_posters_safe_han.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/112008526/bf0187100520240302-1-kicmex-libre.pdf?1709368952=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DAbstracts_of_papers_and_posters_safe_han.pdf\u0026Expires=1742561787\u0026Signature=V2MCiRDbK4l9~~~0bxhFHMFPrc43F-pDuQpFiuY9iOR-U7fE9bybmnEik3n5iDPl7iKxakg75eP3sskyOsidKbuvUjeCCbFUxgrKoCgxFQJ5e9ccpA8ZOUrEtSIcZ4SougDU6UCyAmziz~21C65yhtUlKiLIaNPAiRE4MdNxnXXiXPhC-8Bbe50No4WbCTjjJ123VKQNwXGW5MoRgBAxggfNNps1S-h0AncShifJnz6-J3RZJ9b7Dt~ALH26pjBl8ArJPM5qBNH~6Yfz63WzgPtf4zFZAGDILwLsYNvSZnq33vEtx98luF5MpvxYp8MJGaX18-0ZRfc1d3Iptr4dLA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Abstracts_of_papers_and_posters_safe_handling_of_medicines","translated_slug":"","page_count":21,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","summary":"The presentation will briefly describe the present pharmaceutical education at German universities according to the law for education and licensure (Approbationsordnung for Apetheker, dated July 19, I989). These rules and regulations are mandatory for all schools of pharmacy in Germany. Clinical pharmacy is not yet included in the curriculum. Hospital pharmacists with a strong clinical pharmacy program convinced faculty members to bring practitioners back to the university to teach courses in clinical pharmacy. The development of such a project between the school of pharmacy at the Albert-Ludwigs-University at Freiburg im Breisgau and the department of pharmacy at the Karlsruhe Klinikum will be described. The aim is, to encourage more hospital pharmacists to cooperate with faculty in teaching undergraduate students. A strong point will be made, why it is essential that practitioners must teach courses in clinical pharmacy. Also a warning will be directed to them, only to teach, what they actually practice. The practitioner educators will be role models for faculty members and students alike. Existing difficulties must not be overlooked between basic research and applied clinical research. The research interests of pharmaceutical sciences teachers and practitioner educators are divers. Zentralapotheke St~dt. Klinikum Postfach 6280 76042 Karlsruhe Germany Knowledge, skills and attitude dcvctopmcnt in Clinical Pharmacy E. wan dcr Klcijn, PhD Michclangelodtraat 34, NL 1077 CC An~stcrdam Despite a history as h)ng as mankind and in contrast to common belief general and specialised medicine, recognised by their distinctive subcultural organisatious and licenses, do not exist for longer than about fourty years in their current appearances. They still show all the social characteristies of the medieval Guild-structure with its master-student relationships and tribal rituals. Pharmacy, the art ofcompoundins and disoeusin~, for quality reasons was divorced from medicine, its art of prescribing in the twelve's century with inherent professional and cultural consequences. The current fragmented heslthcare and-maintenance system has grown weary in terms of managerial, emotional as well as economic outcome and satisfaction. Redesigning healthcare from human needs, and demands-perspectives, provided the desired and available skills, knowledge and means at affordable or accepted expenditure requires new social and professional structures with a emphasis on collaboration among the various practitioners. These needs may require redasigniag pharmacies, locations, jobdascriprions and reimbursement policies for drugs and services. Pharmacy in the past two decades by adopting the clinical adjection, has attempted to offer and merge its services to patients via the medical stuctures. The success has been limited partly due to opposition from both the medical as well the pharmaceutical community. Despite obviously being better trained, experienced and equiped for assisting in pharmaco-tberapeuties than their medical and surgical colleagues, pbarmasists have not yet been able lo convince the public at large of their prime position. Without sacrificing their chemical, physical and technological knowledge and skills that prepares the pharmacist as an expert for individualised cx)mpounding and dispensing of patient's drugase, pharmacists require to adopt a number of competencias that allows them to act harmoniously, professionally in the medical environment with patients. These competencies are categodsed as:-pefformanco in daily practice: * patient consultation on medication history, current reasons for encounter and medical decision making in confident consensus with the physician, * intraspective prescrlption-surveillance, 9 individualising and dispensing medication, \" monitoring drug-utilisation,-educatioa and training: * support of prospective therapeutic decision making, 9 retrospective auditing and evaluation, * prescription formulary development,-r~ch and development: \" phar maco-cpidemiology, * technology assessment and costs containment, * diagnostic and therapeutic protocol development, 9 pharmacokinetic monitoring services, * mini-technology in medical supplies and pharmaccuties.","owner":{"id":42249008,"first_name":"Eeva","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Salo","page_name":"ESalo","domain_name":"helsinki","created_at":"2016-01-27T22:39:31.462-08:00","display_name":"Eeva Salo","url":"https://helsinki.academia.edu/ESalo"},"attachments":[{"id":112008526,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/112008526/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"bf0187100520240302-1-kicmex.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/112008526/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Abstracts_of_papers_and_posters_safe_han.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/112008526/bf0187100520240302-1-kicmex-libre.pdf?1709368952=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DAbstracts_of_papers_and_posters_safe_han.pdf\u0026Expires=1742561787\u0026Signature=V2MCiRDbK4l9~~~0bxhFHMFPrc43F-pDuQpFiuY9iOR-U7fE9bybmnEik3n5iDPl7iKxakg75eP3sskyOsidKbuvUjeCCbFUxgrKoCgxFQJ5e9ccpA8ZOUrEtSIcZ4SougDU6UCyAmziz~21C65yhtUlKiLIaNPAiRE4MdNxnXXiXPhC-8Bbe50No4WbCTjjJ123VKQNwXGW5MoRgBAxggfNNps1S-h0AncShifJnz6-J3RZJ9b7Dt~ALH26pjBl8ArJPM5qBNH~6Yfz63WzgPtf4zFZAGDILwLsYNvSZnq33vEtx98luF5MpvxYp8MJGaX18-0ZRfc1d3Iptr4dLA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":534,"name":"Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Law"},{"id":656,"name":"Pharmacy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmacy"},{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine"},{"id":104391,"name":"World History of Pharmacy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/World_History_of_Pharmacy"},{"id":144405,"name":"Strategic CSR","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Strategic_CSR"},{"id":3789884,"name":"Pharmacology and pharmaceutical sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmacology_and_pharmaceutical_sciences"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="115663779"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/115663779/IX_Eular_Workshop_for_Rheumatology_Research"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of IX Eular Workshop for Rheumatology Research" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/112008523/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/115663779/IX_Eular_Workshop_for_Rheumatology_Research">IX Eular Workshop for Rheumatology Research</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Clinical Rheumatology</span><span>, 1989</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">A.1. (oral) Collagen induced arthritis in mice : relationship between the specificity of anti-col...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">A.1. (oral) Collagen induced arthritis in mice : relationship between the specificity of anti-collagen antibodies and arthritis.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="4cb384e6b01841cd0be8a9950254920d" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":112008523,"asset_id":115663779,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/112008523/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="115663779"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="115663779"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 115663779; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=115663779]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=115663779]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 115663779; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='115663779']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "4cb384e6b01841cd0be8a9950254920d" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=115663779]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":115663779,"title":"IX Eular Workshop for Rheumatology Research","translated_title":"","metadata":{"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","grobid_abstract":"A.1. (oral) Collagen induced arthritis in mice : relationship between the specificity of anti-collagen antibodies and arthritis.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":1989,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Clinical Rheumatology","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":112008523},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/115663779/IX_Eular_Workshop_for_Rheumatology_Research","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2024-03-02T00:09:33.794-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":42249008,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":112008523,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/112008523/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"bf0203108320240302-1-lf88gi.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/112008523/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"IX_Eular_Workshop_for_Rheumatology_Resea.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/112008523/bf0203108320240302-1-lf88gi-libre.pdf?1709368963=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DIX_Eular_Workshop_for_Rheumatology_Resea.pdf\u0026Expires=1742561787\u0026Signature=dtzDN0ZkgNAf9QNxGvl3RSwAIhbnue4s43ogvK4igBWZ~1ONi3Ril3eF3ccrJaAucHrZHKX5XVVKO~sSS~f4Eg0vXJ5zY-gcAzD1xq4y-PJSjF8oS1h7NaqIaJp-7ngMS35~goHruegJsBZaO3QmD6Kme1pj3JdJhed7PAF~tNX~qcQm8YWfj8VSmIqbT8I36TDnEJKSHhsYIwW-BwecQVGV-2pqAtxmkUTzv4E3T5GnTK-zV0dOIEznPq2Id1p93pBN6hoJ2Jvzpp8W9DAlLXTBEs1xaWGaHEWSLJX-ZQpNgml9yPuYCmvh3CEEQE08PHYhdMSD0yv9t9JE117N8Q__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"IX_Eular_Workshop_for_Rheumatology_Research","translated_slug":"","page_count":55,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","summary":"A.1. (oral) Collagen induced arthritis in mice : relationship between the specificity of anti-collagen antibodies and arthritis.","owner":{"id":42249008,"first_name":"Eeva","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Salo","page_name":"ESalo","domain_name":"helsinki","created_at":"2016-01-27T22:39:31.462-08:00","display_name":"Eeva Salo","url":"https://helsinki.academia.edu/ESalo"},"attachments":[{"id":112008523,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/112008523/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"bf0203108320240302-1-lf88gi.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/112008523/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"IX_Eular_Workshop_for_Rheumatology_Resea.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/112008523/bf0203108320240302-1-lf88gi-libre.pdf?1709368963=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DIX_Eular_Workshop_for_Rheumatology_Resea.pdf\u0026Expires=1742561787\u0026Signature=dtzDN0ZkgNAf9QNxGvl3RSwAIhbnue4s43ogvK4igBWZ~1ONi3Ril3eF3ccrJaAucHrZHKX5XVVKO~sSS~f4Eg0vXJ5zY-gcAzD1xq4y-PJSjF8oS1h7NaqIaJp-7ngMS35~goHruegJsBZaO3QmD6Kme1pj3JdJhed7PAF~tNX~qcQm8YWfj8VSmIqbT8I36TDnEJKSHhsYIwW-BwecQVGV-2pqAtxmkUTzv4E3T5GnTK-zV0dOIEznPq2Id1p93pBN6hoJ2Jvzpp8W9DAlLXTBEs1xaWGaHEWSLJX-ZQpNgml9yPuYCmvh3CEEQE08PHYhdMSD0yv9t9JE117N8Q__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":645,"name":"Rheumatology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rheumatology"},{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine"},{"id":65390,"name":"Internal Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Internal_Medicine"},{"id":99708,"name":"Clinical","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical"},{"id":244814,"name":"Clinical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences"},{"id":1651351,"name":"CHARCAS DE BARNAS","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/CHARCAS_DE_BARNAS"}],"urls":[{"id":39953684,"url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/BF02031083.pdf"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="115663755"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/115663755/_A_lump_in_a_childs_neck_"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of [A lump in a child's neck]" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title">[A lump in a child's neck]</div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Duodecim; lääketieteellinen aikakauskirja</span><span>, 2001</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="115663755"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="115663755"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 115663755; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=115663755]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=115663755]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 115663755; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='115663755']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=115663755]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":115663755,"title":"[A lump in a child's neck]","translated_title":"","metadata":{"publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2001,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Duodecim; lääketieteellinen aikakauskirja"},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/115663755/_A_lump_in_a_childs_neck_","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2024-03-02T00:08:55.245-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":42249008,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"_A_lump_in_a_childs_neck_","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","summary":null,"owner":{"id":42249008,"first_name":"Eeva","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Salo","page_name":"ESalo","domain_name":"helsinki","created_at":"2016-01-27T22:39:31.462-08:00","display_name":"Eeva Salo","url":"https://helsinki.academia.edu/ESalo"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine"},{"id":98939,"name":"Pubmed","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pubmed"},{"id":134346,"name":"Infant","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Infant"},{"id":387144,"name":"Fever","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fever"},{"id":847988,"name":"Neck","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neck"},{"id":1195615,"name":"Lymphatic Diseases","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lymphatic_Diseases"},{"id":2216746,"name":"Tularemia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tularemia"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="108245030"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/108245030/Finnish_guidelines_for_the_treatment_of_laryngitis_wheezing_bronchitis_and_bronchiolitis_in_children"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Finnish guidelines for the treatment of laryngitis, wheezing bronchitis and bronchiolitis in children" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/106678335/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/108245030/Finnish_guidelines_for_the_treatment_of_laryngitis_wheezing_bronchitis_and_bronchiolitis_in_children">Finnish guidelines for the treatment of laryngitis, wheezing bronchitis and bronchiolitis in children</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Acta Paediatrica</span><span>, Nov 6, 2015</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Evidence-based guidelines are needed to harmonise and improve the diagnostics and treatment of ch...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Evidence-based guidelines are needed to harmonise and improve the diagnostics and treatment of children's lower respiratory tract infections. Following a professional literature search, an interdisciplinary working group evaluated and graded the available evidence and constructed guidelines for treating laryngitis, bronchitis, wheezing bronchitis and bronchiolitis. Conclusion: Currently available drugs were not effective in relieving cough symptoms. Salbutamol inhalations could relieve the symptoms of wheezing bronchitis and should be administered via a holding chamber. Nebulised adrenaline or inhaled or oral glucocorticoids did not reduce hospitalisation rates or relieve symptoms in infants with bronchiolitis and should not be routinely used.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="17aac2f61d3e1c34639a1ae8b0339224" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":106678335,"asset_id":108245030,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/106678335/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="108245030"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="108245030"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 108245030; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=108245030]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=108245030]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 108245030; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='108245030']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "17aac2f61d3e1c34639a1ae8b0339224" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=108245030]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":108245030,"title":"Finnish guidelines for the treatment of laryngitis, wheezing bronchitis and bronchiolitis in children","translated_title":"","metadata":{"publisher":"Wiley-Blackwell","grobid_abstract":"Evidence-based guidelines are needed to harmonise and improve the diagnostics and treatment of children's lower respiratory tract infections. Following a professional literature search, an interdisciplinary working group evaluated and graded the available evidence and constructed guidelines for treating laryngitis, bronchitis, wheezing bronchitis and bronchiolitis. Conclusion: Currently available drugs were not effective in relieving cough symptoms. Salbutamol inhalations could relieve the symptoms of wheezing bronchitis and should be administered via a holding chamber. Nebulised adrenaline or inhaled or oral glucocorticoids did not reduce hospitalisation rates or relieve symptoms in infants with bronchiolitis and should not be routinely used.","publication_date":{"day":6,"month":11,"year":2015,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Acta Paediatrica","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":106678335},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/108245030/Finnish_guidelines_for_the_treatment_of_laryngitis_wheezing_bronchitis_and_bronchiolitis_in_children","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2023-10-17T00:07:06.293-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":42249008,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":106678335,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/106678335/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"apa.1316220231017-1-m2iq7u.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/106678335/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Finnish_guidelines_for_the_treatment_of.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/106678335/apa.1316220231017-1-m2iq7u-libre.pdf?1697526721=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DFinnish_guidelines_for_the_treatment_of.pdf\u0026Expires=1742561787\u0026Signature=Ai52CidDkbTbqdqIypagb4tgsAYbXmhX5419cKxyPcQVHRr40cSeUhOptP67WXoPP9DO53Fza-3Z6ewRknTvZqVnUM0oW4tPVI2mVPhnqJVgkUtjuuEkAFdLzJQJHXd6IrYweyzhK72oTAYp5mxjCRJyI3vMH3IXcov0x1fOf6WL2hAB6FpvNyVb6CrBHwchog3VCJS~j4DfrbLtftP56KGU7QJdV06pqjzhR6ctzjxE1ODAmHejlZkvt2rcZ7SRP09Pe~0I8B3UpBuzCthm8Mvc3QXG66M1dQD9mEAKSB~WvSQ-UjkWZnvn-JDfkLCX~oqzm-UqMaqd3WPY3zpARQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Finnish_guidelines_for_the_treatment_of_laryngitis_wheezing_bronchitis_and_bronchiolitis_in_children","translated_slug":"","page_count":6,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","summary":"Evidence-based guidelines are needed to harmonise and improve the diagnostics and treatment of children's lower respiratory tract infections. Following a professional literature search, an interdisciplinary working group evaluated and graded the available evidence and constructed guidelines for treating laryngitis, bronchitis, wheezing bronchitis and bronchiolitis. Conclusion: Currently available drugs were not effective in relieving cough symptoms. Salbutamol inhalations could relieve the symptoms of wheezing bronchitis and should be administered via a holding chamber. Nebulised adrenaline or inhaled or oral glucocorticoids did not reduce hospitalisation rates or relieve symptoms in infants with bronchiolitis and should not be routinely used.","owner":{"id":42249008,"first_name":"Eeva","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Salo","page_name":"ESalo","domain_name":"helsinki","created_at":"2016-01-27T22:39:31.462-08:00","display_name":"Eeva Salo","url":"https://helsinki.academia.edu/ESalo"},"attachments":[{"id":106678335,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/106678335/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"apa.1316220231017-1-m2iq7u.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/106678335/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Finnish_guidelines_for_the_treatment_of.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/106678335/apa.1316220231017-1-m2iq7u-libre.pdf?1697526721=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DFinnish_guidelines_for_the_treatment_of.pdf\u0026Expires=1742561787\u0026Signature=Ai52CidDkbTbqdqIypagb4tgsAYbXmhX5419cKxyPcQVHRr40cSeUhOptP67WXoPP9DO53Fza-3Z6ewRknTvZqVnUM0oW4tPVI2mVPhnqJVgkUtjuuEkAFdLzJQJHXd6IrYweyzhK72oTAYp5mxjCRJyI3vMH3IXcov0x1fOf6WL2hAB6FpvNyVb6CrBHwchog3VCJS~j4DfrbLtftP56KGU7QJdV06pqjzhR6ctzjxE1ODAmHejlZkvt2rcZ7SRP09Pe~0I8B3UpBuzCthm8Mvc3QXG66M1dQD9mEAKSB~WvSQ-UjkWZnvn-JDfkLCX~oqzm-UqMaqd3WPY3zpARQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine"},{"id":46676,"name":"Finland","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Finland"},{"id":64933,"name":"Child","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child"},{"id":96213,"name":"Hospitalization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hospitalization"},{"id":134346,"name":"Infant","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Infant"},{"id":204350,"name":"Anti-inflammatory agents","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anti-inflammatory_agents"},{"id":335984,"name":"Anti-Bacterial Agents","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anti-Bacterial_Agents"},{"id":463782,"name":"Bronchitis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bronchitis"},{"id":529631,"name":"Bronchiolitis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bronchiolitis"},{"id":572282,"name":"Combination drug therapy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Combination_drug_therapy"},{"id":2567667,"name":"Laryngitis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Laryngitis"},{"id":3108878,"name":"Albuterol","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Albuterol"},{"id":3539064,"name":"Adrenal cortex hormones","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adrenal_cortex_hormones"},{"id":3625163,"name":"Salbutamol","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Salbutamol"},{"id":3789883,"name":"Paediatrics and reproductive medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paediatrics_and_reproductive_medicine"},{"id":4101425,"name":"Bronchodilator agents","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bronchodilator_agents"}],"urls":[{"id":34783638,"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/apa.13162"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="108245028"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/108245028/Paediatric_tuberculosis_during_universal_and_selective_Bacillus_Calmette_Gu%C3%A9rin_vaccination_policy_a_nationwide_population_based_retrospective_study_Finland_1995_2015"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Paediatric tuberculosis during universal and selective Bacillus Calmette–Guérin vaccination policy: a nationwide population-based retrospective study, Finland, 1995–2015" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/106678251/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/108245028/Paediatric_tuberculosis_during_universal_and_selective_Bacillus_Calmette_Gu%C3%A9rin_vaccination_policy_a_nationwide_population_based_retrospective_study_Finland_1995_2015">Paediatric tuberculosis during universal and selective Bacillus Calmette–Guérin vaccination policy: a nationwide population-based retrospective study, Finland, 1995–2015</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Eurosurveillance</span><span>, Mar 18, 2021</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">In 2006, the Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination policy in Finland changed from universal ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">In 2006, the Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination policy in Finland changed from universal to selective. Aim: We assessed the impact of the policy change on tuberculosis (TB) morbidity in children under 5 years and epidemiological trends of paediatric TB in Finland. Methods: We conducted a nationwide, population-based, retrospective registry study of all newly diagnosed active TB cases younger than 15 years in Finland from 1995 to 2015 by linking data from the National Infectious Diseases Register, Finnish Care Register for Health Care, medical patient records and Finnish Population Information System. We compared the TB incidence rate ratio of under 5 year-olds with universal and selective BCG vaccinations with a Poisson log-linear model and analysed incidence trends among those younger than 15 years with a negative binomial model. Results: We identified 139 paediatric TB cases: 50 native (including 24 second-generation migrants) and 89 foreign-born children. The TB rate of under 5 year-olds remained stable after changing to selective BCG vaccination (incidence rate ratio (IRR): 1.3; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.7-2.3). TB rate in the native population under 15 years increased slightly (IRR = 1.06; 95% CI: 1.01-1.11). Discussion: Paediatric TB cases in Finland were concentrated in families with migrant background from high-TB incidence countries. The native TB morbidity in under 5-year-olds did not increase after the BCG policy revision, suggesting that selective vaccinations can prevent TB in the most vulnerable age group in low-incidence settings. Second-generation migrants under 15 years in Finland with high TB risk are probably increasing.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="1fe8dc540622c809bc26a2d7c8905b14" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":106678251,"asset_id":108245028,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/106678251/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="108245028"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="108245028"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 108245028; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=108245028]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=108245028]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 108245028; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='108245028']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "1fe8dc540622c809bc26a2d7c8905b14" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=108245028]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":108245028,"title":"Paediatric tuberculosis during universal and selective Bacillus Calmette–Guérin vaccination policy: a nationwide population-based retrospective study, Finland, 1995–2015","translated_title":"","metadata":{"publisher":"European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control","ai_title_tag":"Impact of BCG Policy on Paediatric TB in Finland","grobid_abstract":"In 2006, the Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination policy in Finland changed from universal to selective. Aim: We assessed the impact of the policy change on tuberculosis (TB) morbidity in children under 5 years and epidemiological trends of paediatric TB in Finland. Methods: We conducted a nationwide, population-based, retrospective registry study of all newly diagnosed active TB cases younger than 15 years in Finland from 1995 to 2015 by linking data from the National Infectious Diseases Register, Finnish Care Register for Health Care, medical patient records and Finnish Population Information System. We compared the TB incidence rate ratio of under 5 year-olds with universal and selective BCG vaccinations with a Poisson log-linear model and analysed incidence trends among those younger than 15 years with a negative binomial model. Results: We identified 139 paediatric TB cases: 50 native (including 24 second-generation migrants) and 89 foreign-born children. The TB rate of under 5 year-olds remained stable after changing to selective BCG vaccination (incidence rate ratio (IRR): 1.3; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.7-2.3). TB rate in the native population under 15 years increased slightly (IRR = 1.06; 95% CI: 1.01-1.11). Discussion: Paediatric TB cases in Finland were concentrated in families with migrant background from high-TB incidence countries. The native TB morbidity in under 5-year-olds did not increase after the BCG policy revision, suggesting that selective vaccinations can prevent TB in the most vulnerable age group in low-incidence settings. Second-generation migrants under 15 years in Finland with high TB risk are probably increasing.","publication_date":{"day":18,"month":3,"year":2021,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Eurosurveillance","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":106678251},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/108245028/Paediatric_tuberculosis_during_universal_and_selective_Bacillus_Calmette_Gu%C3%A9rin_vaccination_policy_a_nationwide_population_based_retrospective_study_Finland_1995_2015","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2023-10-17T00:07:05.887-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":42249008,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":106678251,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/106678251/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"eurosurv-26-11-3.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/106678251/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Paediatric_tuberculosis_during_universal.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/106678251/eurosurv-26-11-3-libre.pdf?1697526729=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DPaediatric_tuberculosis_during_universal.pdf\u0026Expires=1742561787\u0026Signature=IVRHrKPb4qjz352Dg2e1i8mRHV06ONUlBb7XwiL6PjB~El6LiwCU16iCYOzjtAT3IrqXcG-axQ8PyDiESrCwFScw5ThnpgRFWDES99EgR4ZFbnVUvhmhgFCF2qWQ60RkBxnwVP8rJgrYTJYooKxH04WpGBiqnUch8zlwBgWOGoOtm8-cTDAf~oGuHTjfEq9FbIPliIYtjQPAT47OcP72FUVfVrCOGMKV8Pu6NAV3tZqmBY5q9BlHaeghaV9W7bUMomw7i7PmyPfhD0gCnO~uL6hy6JzYBmbEVBSY28Lpr7J~D6-f428D7-1uWCAubH7iifbJBEYpxoj0ZHEwPyhYsg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Paediatric_tuberculosis_during_universal_and_selective_Bacillus_Calmette_Guérin_vaccination_policy_a_nationwide_population_based_retrospective_study_Finland_1995_2015","translated_slug":"","page_count":10,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","summary":"In 2006, the Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination policy in Finland changed from universal to selective. Aim: We assessed the impact of the policy change on tuberculosis (TB) morbidity in children under 5 years and epidemiological trends of paediatric TB in Finland. Methods: We conducted a nationwide, population-based, retrospective registry study of all newly diagnosed active TB cases younger than 15 years in Finland from 1995 to 2015 by linking data from the National Infectious Diseases Register, Finnish Care Register for Health Care, medical patient records and Finnish Population Information System. We compared the TB incidence rate ratio of under 5 year-olds with universal and selective BCG vaccinations with a Poisson log-linear model and analysed incidence trends among those younger than 15 years with a negative binomial model. Results: We identified 139 paediatric TB cases: 50 native (including 24 second-generation migrants) and 89 foreign-born children. The TB rate of under 5 year-olds remained stable after changing to selective BCG vaccination (incidence rate ratio (IRR): 1.3; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.7-2.3). TB rate in the native population under 15 years increased slightly (IRR = 1.06; 95% CI: 1.01-1.11). Discussion: Paediatric TB cases in Finland were concentrated in families with migrant background from high-TB incidence countries. The native TB morbidity in under 5-year-olds did not increase after the BCG policy revision, suggesting that selective vaccinations can prevent TB in the most vulnerable age group in low-incidence settings. Second-generation migrants under 15 years in Finland with high TB risk are probably increasing.","owner":{"id":42249008,"first_name":"Eeva","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Salo","page_name":"ESalo","domain_name":"helsinki","created_at":"2016-01-27T22:39:31.462-08:00","display_name":"Eeva Salo","url":"https://helsinki.academia.edu/ESalo"},"attachments":[{"id":106678251,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/106678251/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"eurosurv-26-11-3.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/106678251/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Paediatric_tuberculosis_during_universal.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/106678251/eurosurv-26-11-3-libre.pdf?1697526729=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DPaediatric_tuberculosis_during_universal.pdf\u0026Expires=1742561787\u0026Signature=IVRHrKPb4qjz352Dg2e1i8mRHV06ONUlBb7XwiL6PjB~El6LiwCU16iCYOzjtAT3IrqXcG-axQ8PyDiESrCwFScw5ThnpgRFWDES99EgR4ZFbnVUvhmhgFCF2qWQ60RkBxnwVP8rJgrYTJYooKxH04WpGBiqnUch8zlwBgWOGoOtm8-cTDAf~oGuHTjfEq9FbIPliIYtjQPAT47OcP72FUVfVrCOGMKV8Pu6NAV3tZqmBY5q9BlHaeghaV9W7bUMomw7i7PmyPfhD0gCnO~uL6hy6JzYBmbEVBSY28Lpr7J~D6-f428D7-1uWCAubH7iifbJBEYpxoj0ZHEwPyhYsg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"},{"id":106678252,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/106678252/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"eurosurv-26-11-3.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/106678252/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Paediatric_tuberculosis_during_universal.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/106678252/eurosurv-26-11-3-libre.pdf?1697526730=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DPaediatric_tuberculosis_during_universal.pdf\u0026Expires=1742561787\u0026Signature=V4bYD0hoqx4xk6cK9foXN7Q5YnEXkvsDH1vHb~EBnBW2-7kXBGkV0OHquO2qGKRKhIIvLNrwDWxbEOp8m9eTNYn4aWrLqaJPEldv9NJNjpZLiHJg8-ptBRT6oN1djGWr9LkxSsNKZwMI3VJCLieVIY6Zhtq83mhiGFlXxTKtUIobgKWb-Q5xZxLMsgpmG3s96DOQ-FFOr3SpRySNlFi6HN8~Hkn~v0F-VUUVqXrS4V4-7~ymgDtdZBBA~SrD6qCdLsMCnycL3e-OBtXRa995nDGYPZwI9lKtkYENkS7sLjmbGn1wCg8WUJEPFRi0LuqkX05Am-7ZtswaYbftoWxp3A__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":631,"name":"Pediatrics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pediatrics"},{"id":1085,"name":"Epidemiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Epidemiology"},{"id":5500,"name":"Incidence Geometry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Incidence_Geometry"},{"id":8207,"name":"Risk","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk"},{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine"},{"id":54533,"name":"Children","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Children"},{"id":62235,"name":"Tuberculosis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tuberculosis"},{"id":64336,"name":"Population","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Population"},{"id":99587,"name":"Cost","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cost"},{"id":136892,"name":"Immunization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immunization"},{"id":179934,"name":"Vaccination","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vaccination"},{"id":405156,"name":"Coverage","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Coverage"},{"id":803390,"name":"Bcg Vaccination","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bcg_Vaccination"},{"id":999668,"name":"Completeness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Completeness"},{"id":2850206,"name":"wos","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/wos"}],"urls":[{"id":34783636,"url":"https://www.eurosurveillance.org/deliver/fulltext/eurosurveillance/26/11/eurosurv-26-11-3.pdf?itemId=/content/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2021.26.11.1900711\u0026mimeType=pdf\u0026containerItemId=content/eurosurveillance"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="108245026"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/108245026/Finnish_guidelines_for_the_treatment_of_community_acquired_pneumonia_and_pertussis_in_children"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Finnish guidelines for the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia and pertussis in children" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/106678333/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/108245026/Finnish_guidelines_for_the_treatment_of_community_acquired_pneumonia_and_pertussis_in_children">Finnish guidelines for the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia and pertussis in children</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Acta Paediatrica</span><span>, Nov 16, 2015</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Evidence-based guidelines are needed to harmonise and improve the diagnostics and treatment of ch...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Evidence-based guidelines are needed to harmonise and improve the diagnostics and treatment of children's lower respiratory tract infections. Following a professional literature search, an interdisciplinary working group evaluated and graded the available evidence and constructed guidelines for the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia and pertussis. Conclusion: The clinical guidelines state that chest radiography is not needed if the child is diagnosed with pneumonia and treated at home. Complications should be considered if there is no improvement after antimicrobial therapy and a paroxysmal cough can indicate pertussis, which is life-threatening in unvaccinated infants and can lead to respiratory failure.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="f099968bed4aff4756236659ac497a28" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":106678333,"asset_id":108245026,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/106678333/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="108245026"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="108245026"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 108245026; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=108245026]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=108245026]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 108245026; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='108245026']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "f099968bed4aff4756236659ac497a28" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=108245026]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":108245026,"title":"Finnish guidelines for the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia and pertussis in children","translated_title":"","metadata":{"publisher":"Wiley-Blackwell","ai_title_tag":"Guidelines for Pediatric Pneumonia and Pertussis","grobid_abstract":"Evidence-based guidelines are needed to harmonise and improve the diagnostics and treatment of children's lower respiratory tract infections. Following a professional literature search, an interdisciplinary working group evaluated and graded the available evidence and constructed guidelines for the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia and pertussis. Conclusion: The clinical guidelines state that chest radiography is not needed if the child is diagnosed with pneumonia and treated at home. Complications should be considered if there is no improvement after antimicrobial therapy and a paroxysmal cough can indicate pertussis, which is life-threatening in unvaccinated infants and can lead to respiratory failure.","publication_date":{"day":16,"month":11,"year":2015,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Acta Paediatrica","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":106678333},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/108245026/Finnish_guidelines_for_the_treatment_of_community_acquired_pneumonia_and_pertussis_in_children","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2023-10-17T00:07:05.412-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":42249008,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":106678333,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/106678333/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"apa.1317720231017-1-mmbss3.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/106678333/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Finnish_guidelines_for_the_treatment_of.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/106678333/apa.1317720231017-1-mmbss3-libre.pdf?1697526722=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DFinnish_guidelines_for_the_treatment_of.pdf\u0026Expires=1742561787\u0026Signature=DjMj2tcn5qlg1Lc4fpW0B3ijZb9IzKUqGSKL-K9xTxpZhawVGw7caNABP8A-PXUcM0sj~6FmH1dEM1~TjhhLUC39BScPx6EmwqKKtIULZxr5OsAGWr0tzgAcyyn0pxsrnimukR-EwUr~7aqymW4eWm8k08022Ma0Yfj~jKX1wx0OfdFDmdZRxnzoujkI0ISjoRNVFjZlMlc~Beujatm~5-3tBMMMitTzp7SJM129eF0TQRVd27qg8A1dQjAHAlR~i9mOlUZLsYNan-oM2EFK5fcoQrHvr5-7fp92oPUG9UTjs6mEBk33kRLfo7wgpgZX2JV-xLKqk2F8EXbPvt-svA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Finnish_guidelines_for_the_treatment_of_community_acquired_pneumonia_and_pertussis_in_children","translated_slug":"","page_count":5,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","summary":"Evidence-based guidelines are needed to harmonise and improve the diagnostics and treatment of children's lower respiratory tract infections. Following a professional literature search, an interdisciplinary working group evaluated and graded the available evidence and constructed guidelines for the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia and pertussis. Conclusion: The clinical guidelines state that chest radiography is not needed if the child is diagnosed with pneumonia and treated at home. Complications should be considered if there is no improvement after antimicrobial therapy and a paroxysmal cough can indicate pertussis, which is life-threatening in unvaccinated infants and can lead to respiratory failure.","owner":{"id":42249008,"first_name":"Eeva","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Salo","page_name":"ESalo","domain_name":"helsinki","created_at":"2016-01-27T22:39:31.462-08:00","display_name":"Eeva Salo","url":"https://helsinki.academia.edu/ESalo"},"attachments":[{"id":106678333,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/106678333/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"apa.1317720231017-1-mmbss3.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/106678333/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Finnish_guidelines_for_the_treatment_of.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/106678333/apa.1317720231017-1-mmbss3-libre.pdf?1697526722=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DFinnish_guidelines_for_the_treatment_of.pdf\u0026Expires=1742561787\u0026Signature=DjMj2tcn5qlg1Lc4fpW0B3ijZb9IzKUqGSKL-K9xTxpZhawVGw7caNABP8A-PXUcM0sj~6FmH1dEM1~TjhhLUC39BScPx6EmwqKKtIULZxr5OsAGWr0tzgAcyyn0pxsrnimukR-EwUr~7aqymW4eWm8k08022Ma0Yfj~jKX1wx0OfdFDmdZRxnzoujkI0ISjoRNVFjZlMlc~Beujatm~5-3tBMMMitTzp7SJM129eF0TQRVd27qg8A1dQjAHAlR~i9mOlUZLsYNan-oM2EFK5fcoQrHvr5-7fp92oPUG9UTjs6mEBk33kRLfo7wgpgZX2JV-xLKqk2F8EXbPvt-svA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":631,"name":"Pediatrics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pediatrics"},{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine"},{"id":46676,"name":"Finland","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Finland"},{"id":64933,"name":"Child","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child"},{"id":111112,"name":"Pneumonia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pneumonia"},{"id":134346,"name":"Infant","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Infant"},{"id":568312,"name":"Intensive Care Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Intensive_Care_Medicine"},{"id":1490453,"name":"Whooping Cough","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Whooping_Cough"},{"id":2463779,"name":"Combined Modality Therapy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Combined_Modality_Therapy"},{"id":3789883,"name":"Paediatrics and reproductive medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paediatrics_and_reproductive_medicine"}],"urls":[{"id":34783634,"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/apa.13177"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="108245025"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/108245025/Evaluation_of_the_filter_paper_IP_10_tests_in_school_children_after_exposure_to_tuberculosis_a_prospective_cohort_study_with_a_4_year_follow_up"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Evaluation of the filter paper IP-10 tests in school children after exposure to tuberculosis: a prospective cohort study with a 4-year follow-up" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/106678248/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/108245025/Evaluation_of_the_filter_paper_IP_10_tests_in_school_children_after_exposure_to_tuberculosis_a_prospective_cohort_study_with_a_4_year_follow_up">Evaluation of the filter paper IP-10 tests in school children after exposure to tuberculosis: a prospective cohort study with a 4-year follow-up</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>BMJ Open</span><span>, 2012</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Evaluation of the filter paper IP-10 tests in school children after exposure to tuberculosis: a p...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Evaluation of the filter paper IP-10 tests in school children after exposure to tuberculosis: a prospective cohort study with a 4-year follow-up. BMJ Open 2012;2:e001751.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="41dce92609b44cd353c708b975a97a83" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":106678248,"asset_id":108245025,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/106678248/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="108245025"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="108245025"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 108245025; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=108245025]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=108245025]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 108245025; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='108245025']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "41dce92609b44cd353c708b975a97a83" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=108245025]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":108245025,"title":"Evaluation of the filter paper IP-10 tests in school children after exposure to tuberculosis: a prospective cohort study with a 4-year follow-up","translated_title":"","metadata":{"publisher":"BMJ","ai_title_tag":"IP-10 Test Evaluation in TB-Exposed Children","grobid_abstract":"Evaluation of the filter paper IP-10 tests in school children after exposure to tuberculosis: a prospective cohort study with a 4-year follow-up. BMJ Open 2012;2:e001751.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2012,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"BMJ Open","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":106678247},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/108245025/Evaluation_of_the_filter_paper_IP_10_tests_in_school_children_after_exposure_to_tuberculosis_a_prospective_cohort_study_with_a_4_year_follow_up","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2023-10-17T00:07:04.782-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":42249008,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":106678248,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/106678248/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"e001751.full.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/106678248/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Evaluation_of_the_filter_paper_IP_10_tes.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/106678248/e001751.full-libre.pdf?1697526728=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DEvaluation_of_the_filter_paper_IP_10_tes.pdf\u0026Expires=1742561787\u0026Signature=SZAjc1-3ern2oId1J5h2qferLBXnImJJxV0duYW1vo2qgZVFu8adSPP9pHwkjpxcgsARdn07B6ov5~iO1juTtMH~WnM~vKfM2sS1iZFAxDAHCpzindLSBtVxeAog935ToeE62OUuLWvymTGLuBuw3pFFo9ziD2jxQDFQa0dVQUwq0xhXwOZhXpgU7n~kt~c7zYfjo~jMuplDXsfZj~mlTvep5zTzzjOl5jzcOqw~BxCQTDZhS-3eZvAY4UVG5AHll2JkaAWOHqxNJJf7cudk4ed~-~Fa1uwrb6wguy8paew2wgYwPsYEu~bqERIkEQ2jIEIfAn5MGW76BipVkZKZsQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Evaluation_of_the_filter_paper_IP_10_tests_in_school_children_after_exposure_to_tuberculosis_a_prospective_cohort_study_with_a_4_year_follow_up","translated_slug":"","page_count":6,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","summary":"Evaluation of the filter paper IP-10 tests in school children after exposure to tuberculosis: a prospective cohort study with a 4-year follow-up. BMJ Open 2012;2:e001751.","owner":{"id":42249008,"first_name":"Eeva","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Salo","page_name":"ESalo","domain_name":"helsinki","created_at":"2016-01-27T22:39:31.462-08:00","display_name":"Eeva Salo","url":"https://helsinki.academia.edu/ESalo"},"attachments":[{"id":106678248,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/106678248/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"e001751.full.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/106678248/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Evaluation_of_the_filter_paper_IP_10_tes.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/106678248/e001751.full-libre.pdf?1697526728=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DEvaluation_of_the_filter_paper_IP_10_tes.pdf\u0026Expires=1742561787\u0026Signature=SZAjc1-3ern2oId1J5h2qferLBXnImJJxV0duYW1vo2qgZVFu8adSPP9pHwkjpxcgsARdn07B6ov5~iO1juTtMH~WnM~vKfM2sS1iZFAxDAHCpzindLSBtVxeAog935ToeE62OUuLWvymTGLuBuw3pFFo9ziD2jxQDFQa0dVQUwq0xhXwOZhXpgU7n~kt~c7zYfjo~jMuplDXsfZj~mlTvep5zTzzjOl5jzcOqw~BxCQTDZhS-3eZvAY4UVG5AHll2JkaAWOHqxNJJf7cudk4ed~-~Fa1uwrb6wguy8paew2wgYwPsYEu~bqERIkEQ2jIEIfAn5MGW76BipVkZKZsQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"},{"id":106678247,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/106678247/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"e001751.full.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/106678247/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Evaluation_of_the_filter_paper_IP_10_tes.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/106678247/e001751.full-libre.pdf?1697526730=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DEvaluation_of_the_filter_paper_IP_10_tes.pdf\u0026Expires=1742561787\u0026Signature=Ce6f0j-JQpx17ZjJJOTz5hq8NT7dUUf5w~~yr391FF-1gle2RhtEPfsW7rpCkAREiJGTtdi5~jRopADzG7RKTmo9t3bjmMXu57aLa8kraiCda1ozCH4VohjeXlMr4cSxhpU4oREOntpE5P3lqu-KsMWk1G4OBRwlsW6Jir33~PUgCngpO0YIYyYwknDp78ae3u3C60FoaNex8Id-JfCXYMx7hz9o9aK8cL4B-IsKW3IV-ge7MlbX4Iwfg4vAg~Ss5gp5-QhPrOv04c6SOYrwMfQPFerNZXO5iVtt-nKyq3twsGGnkMRduZBS6tCUiutbLRyGol1MMJ3O7~SWDVQo6A__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1066,"name":"Biomedicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biomedicine"},{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine"},{"id":62235,"name":"Tuberculosis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tuberculosis"},{"id":68318,"name":"Mycobacterium tuberculosis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mycobacterium_tuberculosis"},{"id":102839,"name":"Diagnosis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Diagnosis"},{"id":109739,"name":"Infection","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Infection"},{"id":190203,"name":"Cohort","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cohort"},{"id":337085,"name":"Concordance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Concordance"},{"id":922267,"name":"Asymptomatic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Asymptomatic"},{"id":2717351,"name":"Prospective Cohort Study","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prospective_Cohort_Study"}],"urls":[{"id":34783632,"url":"https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/bmjopen/2/6/e001751.full.pdf"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="108245023"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/108245023/Randomised_double_blind_trial_of_hypotonic_oral_rehydration_solutions_with_and_without_citrate"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Randomised double blind trial of hypotonic oral rehydration solutions with and without citrate" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/106678245/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/108245023/Randomised_double_blind_trial_of_hypotonic_oral_rehydration_solutions_with_and_without_citrate">Randomised double blind trial of hypotonic oral rehydration solutions with and without citrate</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Archives of Disease in Childhood</span><span>, 1994</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Hypotonic oral rehydration salts solutions (ORS) have been proved to be better than isotonic solu...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Hypotonic oral rehydration salts solutions (ORS) have been proved to be better than isotonic solutions with respect to water absorption. To establish whether a base precursor is essential in the composition of a hypotonic ORS with improved absorption properties, a randomised double blind clinical trial was conducted comparing two formulas of hypotonic ORS, each with an osmolality of 224 mmol/l, with or without citrate, in a group of 107 children admitted to hospital with acute diarrhoea. The two solutions were effective in the correction of dehydration and there was no difference between the treatments in the duration of diarrhoea. The patients receiving the hypotonic ORS with citrate consumed less of the solution, however, and their metabolic acidosis was corrected earlier. It is concluded that citrate is clinically advantageous in a hypotonic ORS, but a hypotonic formula without a base precursor is also effective.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="a3aa4cc00001c83a85f16f8788509d46" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":106678245,"asset_id":108245023,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/106678245/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="108245023"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="108245023"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 108245023; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=108245023]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=108245023]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 108245023; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='108245023']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "a3aa4cc00001c83a85f16f8788509d46" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=108245023]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":108245023,"title":"Randomised double blind trial of hypotonic oral rehydration solutions with and without citrate","translated_title":"","metadata":{"publisher":"BMJ","grobid_abstract":"Hypotonic oral rehydration salts solutions (ORS) have been proved to be better than isotonic solutions with respect to water absorption. To establish whether a base precursor is essential in the composition of a hypotonic ORS with improved absorption properties, a randomised double blind clinical trial was conducted comparing two formulas of hypotonic ORS, each with an osmolality of 224 mmol/l, with or without citrate, in a group of 107 children admitted to hospital with acute diarrhoea. The two solutions were effective in the correction of dehydration and there was no difference between the treatments in the duration of diarrhoea. The patients receiving the hypotonic ORS with citrate consumed less of the solution, however, and their metabolic acidosis was corrected earlier. It is concluded that citrate is clinically advantageous in a hypotonic ORS, but a hypotonic formula without a base precursor is also effective.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":1994,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Archives of Disease in Childhood","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":106678246},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/108245023/Randomised_double_blind_trial_of_hypotonic_oral_rehydration_solutions_with_and_without_citrate","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2023-10-17T00:07:03.882-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":42249008,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":106678245,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/106678245/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"44.full.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/106678245/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Randomised_double_blind_trial_of_hypoton.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/106678245/44.full-libre.pdf?1697526726=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DRandomised_double_blind_trial_of_hypoton.pdf\u0026Expires=1742561787\u0026Signature=U3ZWzDOlCSKgc3r~bbzZ4MZ-XWhFjkeIm~03e~r1O-jD25arqimG1AhYNTPf0kmpkYRy7kBITm4kFx0VSIKXCA2Mtnk0k0Czt7ttDMEIzZqI2ZcuNZDfMTRZdtkDIdlBbgGxlp4lv7M3DvgObKVVOyw~CVrTTCFQILiDRmfjsU5fFuWfB0Sr3Ctvdp6Dz83gvop2O0~jSnYfDAAydwUfcMFwsIkCqmzK-jVB3dTwpQSSMzM88NPniPC9mTRFfw2EehNBCiMS4ipYdNO6jFb~2fpU7qK0-pRggGX96qMAFLzL4KehvYIF-Q5yYNhIWmu85Np59WO~6nAcnPNxTnRFBg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Randomised_double_blind_trial_of_hypotonic_oral_rehydration_solutions_with_and_without_citrate","translated_slug":"","page_count":3,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","summary":"Hypotonic oral rehydration salts solutions (ORS) have been proved to be better than isotonic solutions with respect to water absorption. To establish whether a base precursor is essential in the composition of a hypotonic ORS with improved absorption properties, a randomised double blind clinical trial was conducted comparing two formulas of hypotonic ORS, each with an osmolality of 224 mmol/l, with or without citrate, in a group of 107 children admitted to hospital with acute diarrhoea. The two solutions were effective in the correction of dehydration and there was no difference between the treatments in the duration of diarrhoea. The patients receiving the hypotonic ORS with citrate consumed less of the solution, however, and their metabolic acidosis was corrected earlier. It is concluded that citrate is clinically advantageous in a hypotonic ORS, but a hypotonic formula without a base precursor is also effective.","owner":{"id":42249008,"first_name":"Eeva","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Salo","page_name":"ESalo","domain_name":"helsinki","created_at":"2016-01-27T22:39:31.462-08:00","display_name":"Eeva Salo","url":"https://helsinki.academia.edu/ESalo"},"attachments":[{"id":106678245,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/106678245/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"44.full.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/106678245/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Randomised_double_blind_trial_of_hypoton.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/106678245/44.full-libre.pdf?1697526726=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DRandomised_double_blind_trial_of_hypoton.pdf\u0026Expires=1742561787\u0026Signature=U3ZWzDOlCSKgc3r~bbzZ4MZ-XWhFjkeIm~03e~r1O-jD25arqimG1AhYNTPf0kmpkYRy7kBITm4kFx0VSIKXCA2Mtnk0k0Czt7ttDMEIzZqI2ZcuNZDfMTRZdtkDIdlBbgGxlp4lv7M3DvgObKVVOyw~CVrTTCFQILiDRmfjsU5fFuWfB0Sr3Ctvdp6Dz83gvop2O0~jSnYfDAAydwUfcMFwsIkCqmzK-jVB3dTwpQSSMzM88NPniPC9mTRFfw2EehNBCiMS4ipYdNO6jFb~2fpU7qK0-pRggGX96qMAFLzL4KehvYIF-Q5yYNhIWmu85Np59WO~6nAcnPNxTnRFBg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"},{"id":106678246,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/106678246/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"44.full.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/106678246/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Randomised_double_blind_trial_of_hypoton.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/106678246/44.full-libre.pdf?1697526727=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DRandomised_double_blind_trial_of_hypoton.pdf\u0026Expires=1742561787\u0026Signature=RG4hQUkbjls0DS0DF~mbcb3~2HU2tKxHB4CP72OW44vZd6rgFsJcHC1DsFWXcFDBj3uQ35gpKmBkQkl4Zgqokl8B14zgBc0XJ4rb87UnVGxOo1laeGhIoQ5TMQHkWm5tAL~mpmT0oYFsKYdu7aUsDT4Znv4RhmuzkSOvvNT-FW3qYUYq7UZJoRiwsHOSjNVRYYnovnIrD3bf3NIDp5iLUehXsh~IHqNaOPOm-fJYGCwME95FugEU90r2jVhSXhPTrO2dniKgPvepo64oaBFVcux33CnKNhrWKVN5Q9OIOXca-Z5Kwu07F2ukMdXddNEgzW1PBk5Pz7zWnyvHmIQVAw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":4531,"name":"Clinical Trial","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Trial"},{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine"},{"id":44259,"name":"Diarrhea","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Diarrhea"},{"id":134346,"name":"Infant","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Infant"},{"id":242028,"name":"Water Absorption","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_Absorption"},{"id":244814,"name":"Clinical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences"},{"id":346274,"name":"Dehydration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dehydration"},{"id":410370,"name":"Public health systems and services research","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_health_systems_and_services_research-1"},{"id":612864,"name":"Metabolic Acidosis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Metabolic_Acidosis"},{"id":647820,"name":"Fluid Therapy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fluid_Therapy"},{"id":3789883,"name":"Paediatrics and reproductive medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paediatrics_and_reproductive_medicine"},{"id":3975139,"name":"Tonicity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tonicity"},{"id":4148495,"name":"Isotonic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Isotonic"}],"urls":[{"id":34783631,"url":"https://adc.bmj.com/content/archdischild/70/1/44.full.pdf"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="108245020"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/108245020/Kawasaki_disease_monitoring_of_circulating_immune_complexes"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Kawasaki disease: monitoring of circulating immune complexes" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/106678332/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/108245020/Kawasaki_disease_monitoring_of_circulating_immune_complexes">Kawasaki disease: monitoring of circulating immune complexes</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>European Journal of Pediatrics</span><span>, May 1, 1988</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">We followed the levels of circulating immune complexes (CIC) in 27 patients with Kawasaki disease...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">We followed the levels of circulating immune complexes (CIC) in 27 patients with Kawasaki disease (KD) from the acute stage of the disease through convalescence, using the test for platelet-reactive IgG-IC, and Clq-binding and conglutinin-binding enzyme immunoassays. CIC were detected by one or more techniques in all but one patient. Positive results were obtained most often with the test for plateletreactive IgG-IC. Measurement of complement components C3 and C4 in 14 patients revealed an increase in C3 levels during the first few weeks of the disease and normal levels of C4. The blood platelet count correlated directly with the level of platelet-reactive IgG-IC. The highest levels of CIC were found during weeks 3 through 7 after the onset of disease. Measurement of CIC is, however, not applicable to the clinical follow-up of patients with KD.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="f4cb29ca8241b55675693e27f42ab80c" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":106678332,"asset_id":108245020,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/106678332/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="108245020"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="108245020"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 108245020; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=108245020]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=108245020]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 108245020; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='108245020']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "f4cb29ca8241b55675693e27f42ab80c" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=108245020]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":108245020,"title":"Kawasaki disease: monitoring of circulating immune complexes","translated_title":"","metadata":{"publisher":"Springer Science+Business Media","grobid_abstract":"We followed the levels of circulating immune complexes (CIC) in 27 patients with Kawasaki disease (KD) from the acute stage of the disease through convalescence, using the test for platelet-reactive IgG-IC, and Clq-binding and conglutinin-binding enzyme immunoassays. CIC were detected by one or more techniques in all but one patient. Positive results were obtained most often with the test for plateletreactive IgG-IC. Measurement of complement components C3 and C4 in 14 patients revealed an increase in C3 levels during the first few weeks of the disease and normal levels of C4. The blood platelet count correlated directly with the level of platelet-reactive IgG-IC. The highest levels of CIC were found during weeks 3 through 7 after the onset of disease. Measurement of CIC is, however, not applicable to the clinical follow-up of patients with KD.","publication_date":{"day":1,"month":5,"year":1988,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"European Journal of Pediatrics","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":106678332},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/108245020/Kawasaki_disease_monitoring_of_circulating_immune_complexes","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2023-10-17T00:07:03.379-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":42249008,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":106678332,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/106678332/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"BF00496414.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/106678332/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Kawasaki_disease_monitoring_of_circulati.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/106678332/BF00496414-libre.pdf?1697526718=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DKawasaki_disease_monitoring_of_circulati.pdf\u0026Expires=1742561787\u0026Signature=U8-LC-gKPM1Irl6NXZxrAqc0E~Bk1BVatM5l~IOFeeYX05Dvdwby4dW~CpNDJjhFn7SkoqmC5owYgBnNma4WZRuVfd3OMhOpt13vBpCcr~ljPsnbwQSYGlN9zqE34li5jaubalOuAyJKx28s5LnMH2vlYWpXvBJPFElFKQ95tc6ulnqju9p4ToyTrRDEOBYScAlZUdOwW7gKVIwNba7IWPdiBBEmu7FYVSKg2zpOyhAGhLCssaGUR6nFi44NXirgTA7lU3NVZj-kSXzCqFZWQ1InqJsThVzeWaneEwidweIBlBkWRT9vHoSCIhTcMmLsJy7z6BFTotzVO8R-XH4Rzg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Kawasaki_disease_monitoring_of_circulating_immune_complexes","translated_slug":"","page_count":2,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","summary":"We followed the levels of circulating immune complexes (CIC) in 27 patients with Kawasaki disease (KD) from the acute stage of the disease through convalescence, using the test for platelet-reactive IgG-IC, and Clq-binding and conglutinin-binding enzyme immunoassays. CIC were detected by one or more techniques in all but one patient. Positive results were obtained most often with the test for plateletreactive IgG-IC. Measurement of complement components C3 and C4 in 14 patients revealed an increase in C3 levels during the first few weeks of the disease and normal levels of C4. The blood platelet count correlated directly with the level of platelet-reactive IgG-IC. The highest levels of CIC were found during weeks 3 through 7 after the onset of disease. Measurement of CIC is, however, not applicable to the clinical follow-up of patients with KD.","owner":{"id":42249008,"first_name":"Eeva","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Salo","page_name":"ESalo","domain_name":"helsinki","created_at":"2016-01-27T22:39:31.462-08:00","display_name":"Eeva Salo","url":"https://helsinki.academia.edu/ESalo"},"attachments":[{"id":106678332,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/106678332/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"BF00496414.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/106678332/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Kawasaki_disease_monitoring_of_circulati.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/106678332/BF00496414-libre.pdf?1697526718=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DKawasaki_disease_monitoring_of_circulati.pdf\u0026Expires=1742561787\u0026Signature=U8-LC-gKPM1Irl6NXZxrAqc0E~Bk1BVatM5l~IOFeeYX05Dvdwby4dW~CpNDJjhFn7SkoqmC5owYgBnNma4WZRuVfd3OMhOpt13vBpCcr~ljPsnbwQSYGlN9zqE34li5jaubalOuAyJKx28s5LnMH2vlYWpXvBJPFElFKQ95tc6ulnqju9p4ToyTrRDEOBYScAlZUdOwW7gKVIwNba7IWPdiBBEmu7FYVSKg2zpOyhAGhLCssaGUR6nFi44NXirgTA7lU3NVZj-kSXzCqFZWQ1InqJsThVzeWaneEwidweIBlBkWRT9vHoSCIhTcMmLsJy7z6BFTotzVO8R-XH4Rzg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1290,"name":"Immunology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immunology"},{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine"},{"id":52136,"name":"Platelet","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Platelet"},{"id":64933,"name":"Child","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child"},{"id":99773,"name":"Disease","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Disease"},{"id":134346,"name":"Infant","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Infant"},{"id":165212,"name":"Kawasaki Disease","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Kawasaki_Disease"},{"id":324154,"name":"Immune system","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immune_system"},{"id":410370,"name":"Public health systems and services research","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_health_systems_and_services_research-1"},{"id":447306,"name":"Convalescence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Convalescence"},{"id":911025,"name":"Lymph Node","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lymph_Node"},{"id":1175837,"name":"Immune Complex","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immune_Complex"},{"id":2489700,"name":"Child preschool","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child_preschool"},{"id":2583557,"name":"Enzyme Immunoassay","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Enzyme_Immunoassay"},{"id":3187114,"name":"Blood platelets","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Blood_platelets"},{"id":3789883,"name":"Paediatrics and reproductive medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paediatrics_and_reproductive_medicine"},{"id":4075992,"name":"Immunoglobulin Fc Fragments","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immunoglobulin_Fc_Fragments"}],"urls":[{"id":34783628,"url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00496414"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="108245018"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/108245018/Management_of_acute_diarrhoea_with_low_osmolarity_oral_rehydration_solutions_and_Lactobacillus_strain_GG"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Management of acute diarrhoea with low osmolarity oral rehydration solutions and Lactobacillus strain GG" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/106678243/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/108245018/Management_of_acute_diarrhoea_with_low_osmolarity_oral_rehydration_solutions_and_Lactobacillus_strain_GG">Management of acute diarrhoea with low osmolarity oral rehydration solutions and Lactobacillus strain GG</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Archives of Disease in Childhood</span><span>, Aug 1, 1998</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Two hypotonic oral rehydration solutions with osmolarities of 224 mosmol/l (Na + 60 mmol/l, gluco...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Two hypotonic oral rehydration solutions with osmolarities of 224 mosmol/l (Na + 60 mmol/l, glucose 84 mmol/l) and 204 mosmol/l (Na + 60 mmol/l, glucose 64 mmol/l), respectively, and oral treatment with Lactobacillus GG were evaluated in a double blind trial in children aged 6-36 months hospitalised for acute diarrhoea. Early administration of Lactobacillus GG at the start of oral rehydration resulted in the shortest duration of diarrhoea, best weight gain, and fastest correction of acidosis. A reduced osmolarity oral rehydration solution (224 mosmol/l) combined with early administration of Lactobacillus GG is an eVective treatment for acute diarrhoea in young children; further reduction of osmolarity may not be beneficial.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="cf2da0fe68523695e4a28a65171fff7f" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":106678243,"asset_id":108245018,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/106678243/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="108245018"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="108245018"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 108245018; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=108245018]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=108245018]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 108245018; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='108245018']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "cf2da0fe68523695e4a28a65171fff7f" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=108245018]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":108245018,"title":"Management of acute diarrhoea with low osmolarity oral rehydration solutions and Lactobacillus strain GG","translated_title":"","metadata":{"publisher":"BMJ","ai_title_tag":"Low Osmolarity Solutions \u0026 Lactobacillus for Diarrhoea","grobid_abstract":"Two hypotonic oral rehydration solutions with osmolarities of 224 mosmol/l (Na + 60 mmol/l, glucose 84 mmol/l) and 204 mosmol/l (Na + 60 mmol/l, glucose 64 mmol/l), respectively, and oral treatment with Lactobacillus GG were evaluated in a double blind trial in children aged 6-36 months hospitalised for acute diarrhoea. Early administration of Lactobacillus GG at the start of oral rehydration resulted in the shortest duration of diarrhoea, best weight gain, and fastest correction of acidosis. A reduced osmolarity oral rehydration solution (224 mosmol/l) combined with early administration of Lactobacillus GG is an eVective treatment for acute diarrhoea in young children; further reduction of osmolarity may not be beneficial.","publication_date":{"day":1,"month":8,"year":1998,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Archives of Disease in Childhood","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":106678243},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/108245018/Management_of_acute_diarrhoea_with_low_osmolarity_oral_rehydration_solutions_and_Lactobacillus_strain_GG","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2023-10-17T00:07:02.685-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":42249008,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":106678243,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/106678243/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"157.full.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/106678243/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Management_of_acute_diarrhoea_with_low_o.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/106678243/157.full-libre.pdf?1697526723=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DManagement_of_acute_diarrhoea_with_low_o.pdf\u0026Expires=1742561787\u0026Signature=M8~OemfsdQfMeBkZ1GCX-1xJxbPvq0euId1aaURXVhyNU14xoEz1qMMlqze39xRaecYqTe4qYfczdsJeHtksTLLSr~rvEvV3DAZO9bNndDgMEBwT2vJndhIyKPQox4oPJRubt-6J87SMFFYFiKDmZTcGSxxYBFVdq-Fjdv2j96WpDZamSr1moeoBp6tV7i1oeyxvnqdLYKkOeX-GCi2UumzgQNKDK7EinJ0JiI8j3lSVbonh9~l59eAarFOQHZyppMnfD-~iFlyZBPYvWOcfWvnUuI1HJgDK~CIQqLhF2G2gxaEtzGZF93uGNZ0G1V6869vaPMa9pm6kweffNoax1Q__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Management_of_acute_diarrhoea_with_low_osmolarity_oral_rehydration_solutions_and_Lactobacillus_strain_GG","translated_slug":"","page_count":4,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","summary":"Two hypotonic oral rehydration solutions with osmolarities of 224 mosmol/l (Na + 60 mmol/l, glucose 84 mmol/l) and 204 mosmol/l (Na + 60 mmol/l, glucose 64 mmol/l), respectively, and oral treatment with Lactobacillus GG were evaluated in a double blind trial in children aged 6-36 months hospitalised for acute diarrhoea. Early administration of Lactobacillus GG at the start of oral rehydration resulted in the shortest duration of diarrhoea, best weight gain, and fastest correction of acidosis. A reduced osmolarity oral rehydration solution (224 mosmol/l) combined with early administration of Lactobacillus GG is an eVective treatment for acute diarrhoea in young children; further reduction of osmolarity may not be beneficial.","owner":{"id":42249008,"first_name":"Eeva","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Salo","page_name":"ESalo","domain_name":"helsinki","created_at":"2016-01-27T22:39:31.462-08:00","display_name":"Eeva Salo","url":"https://helsinki.academia.edu/ESalo"},"attachments":[{"id":106678243,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/106678243/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"157.full.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/106678243/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Management_of_acute_diarrhoea_with_low_o.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/106678243/157.full-libre.pdf?1697526723=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DManagement_of_acute_diarrhoea_with_low_o.pdf\u0026Expires=1742561787\u0026Signature=M8~OemfsdQfMeBkZ1GCX-1xJxbPvq0euId1aaURXVhyNU14xoEz1qMMlqze39xRaecYqTe4qYfczdsJeHtksTLLSr~rvEvV3DAZO9bNndDgMEBwT2vJndhIyKPQox4oPJRubt-6J87SMFFYFiKDmZTcGSxxYBFVdq-Fjdv2j96WpDZamSr1moeoBp6tV7i1oeyxvnqdLYKkOeX-GCi2UumzgQNKDK7EinJ0JiI8j3lSVbonh9~l59eAarFOQHZyppMnfD-~iFlyZBPYvWOcfWvnUuI1HJgDK~CIQqLhF2G2gxaEtzGZF93uGNZ0G1V6869vaPMa9pm6kweffNoax1Q__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"},{"id":106678242,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/106678242/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"157.full.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/106678242/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Management_of_acute_diarrhoea_with_low_o.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/106678242/157.full-libre.pdf?1697526724=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DManagement_of_acute_diarrhoea_with_low_o.pdf\u0026Expires=1742561787\u0026Signature=HhsvNt-Zd~0vkBLBsBR7~0GrqWKQkXoEHz1FOKu26w52d71DrOClxD5hJ2BsgN1nAu1djJOzvQf3aM3byaNLD1W-pgh50i9dy8ZuMOEKAvZD4kOYRwU5M77HjlfoK8eBBLjcrb4AREKXklq2VlIFPk3V5G0Mvn0AwZDIwamOSwqcfZ8QmROG8J3gdAeQGRonJarUbNM4M9ePlqKx4WZLZYu7fd1DhxdOeHSCqR-wFlSgzY9mF7HbENftZ3KnEB4f6eUgCQIW9eVlsTkAvAbdluwsi5IE8HoeWHV2788Pfwm3wGosT6YjRfrVSlmtGJhpgEImVoDcRmqy42y3t6d8SA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":12426,"name":"Treatment Outcome","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Treatment_Outcome"},{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine"},{"id":44259,"name":"Diarrhea","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Diarrhea"},{"id":106368,"name":"Lactobacillus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lactobacillus"},{"id":134346,"name":"Infant","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Infant"},{"id":244814,"name":"Clinical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences"},{"id":410370,"name":"Public health systems and services research","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_health_systems_and_services_research-1"},{"id":413195,"name":"Time Factors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Time_Factors"},{"id":538047,"name":"Young Children","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Young_Children"},{"id":1141692,"name":"Weight Gain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Weight_Gain"},{"id":2463779,"name":"Combined Modality Therapy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Combined_Modality_Therapy"},{"id":2471455,"name":"Acute Disease","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Acute_Disease"},{"id":2489700,"name":"Child preschool","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child_preschool"},{"id":3789883,"name":"Paediatrics and reproductive medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paediatrics_and_reproductive_medicine"},{"id":3975139,"name":"Tonicity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tonicity"}],"urls":[{"id":34783626,"url":"https://adc.bmj.com/content/archdischild/79/2/157.full.pdf"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="108245015"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/108245015/Etiological_Diagnosis_of_Childhood_Pneumonia_by_Use_of_Transthoracic_Needle_Aspiration_and_Modern_Microbiological_Methods"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Etiological Diagnosis of Childhood Pneumonia by Use of Transthoracic Needle Aspiration and Modern Microbiological Methods" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/106678240/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/108245015/Etiological_Diagnosis_of_Childhood_Pneumonia_by_Use_of_Transthoracic_Needle_Aspiration_and_Modern_Microbiological_Methods">Etiological Diagnosis of Childhood Pneumonia by Use of Transthoracic Needle Aspiration and Modern Microbiological Methods</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Clinical Infectious Diseases</span><span>, Mar 1, 2002</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Childhood pneumonia is usually treated without determining its etiology. The causative organism c...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Childhood pneumonia is usually treated without determining its etiology. The causative organism can be isolated from specimens of blood, empyema fluid, or lung aspirate, but this is rarely done. The potential of transthoracic needle aspiration for identification of causative agents was tested with use of modern microbiological methods. Aspiration was performed for 34 children who had radiological signs compatible with community-acquired pneumonia and had alveolar consolidation. In addition to bacterial and viral cultures and viral antigen detection, nucleic acid detection for common respiratory pathogens was performed on aspirate specimens. Aspiration disclosed the etiology in 20 (59%) of 34 cases overall and in 18 (69%) of 26 patients from whom a representative specimen was obtained. Aspiration's advantages are high microbiological yield and a relatively low risk of a clinically significant adverse event. Aspiration should be used if identification of the causative agent outweighs the modest risk of the procedure. Community-acquired pneumonia is still a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide and is the primary cause of death in up to 25% of the 13 million deaths annually among children aged 0-4 years [1, 2]. Although pneumonia is widespread, its etiology usually remains unknown. Increasing problems with drugresistant infections and the availability of effective vaccines make the identification of the causative agent increasingly relevant [3, 4]. However, precise diagnosis is difficult to make on the basis of clinical or radiological findings [5, 6].</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="cbfd3f34a457dd06790f590e078d4e04" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":106678240,"asset_id":108245015,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/106678240/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="108245015"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="108245015"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 108245015; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=108245015]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=108245015]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 108245015; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='108245015']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "cbfd3f34a457dd06790f590e078d4e04" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=108245015]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":108245015,"title":"Etiological Diagnosis of Childhood Pneumonia by Use of Transthoracic Needle Aspiration and Modern Microbiological Methods","translated_title":"","metadata":{"publisher":"Oxford University Press","grobid_abstract":"Childhood pneumonia is usually treated without determining its etiology. The causative organism can be isolated from specimens of blood, empyema fluid, or lung aspirate, but this is rarely done. The potential of transthoracic needle aspiration for identification of causative agents was tested with use of modern microbiological methods. Aspiration was performed for 34 children who had radiological signs compatible with community-acquired pneumonia and had alveolar consolidation. In addition to bacterial and viral cultures and viral antigen detection, nucleic acid detection for common respiratory pathogens was performed on aspirate specimens. Aspiration disclosed the etiology in 20 (59%) of 34 cases overall and in 18 (69%) of 26 patients from whom a representative specimen was obtained. Aspiration's advantages are high microbiological yield and a relatively low risk of a clinically significant adverse event. Aspiration should be used if identification of the causative agent outweighs the modest risk of the procedure. Community-acquired pneumonia is still a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide and is the primary cause of death in up to 25% of the 13 million deaths annually among children aged 0-4 years [1, 2]. Although pneumonia is widespread, its etiology usually remains unknown. Increasing problems with drugresistant infections and the availability of effective vaccines make the identification of the causative agent increasingly relevant [3, 4]. However, precise diagnosis is difficult to make on the basis of clinical or radiological findings [5, 6].","publication_date":{"day":1,"month":3,"year":2002,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Clinical Infectious Diseases","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":106678240},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/108245015/Etiological_Diagnosis_of_Childhood_Pneumonia_by_Use_of_Transthoracic_Needle_Aspiration_and_Modern_Microbiological_Methods","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2023-10-17T00:07:01.224-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":42249008,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":106678240,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/106678240/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"34-5-583.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/106678240/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Etiological_Diagnosis_of_Childhood_Pneum.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/106678240/34-5-583-libre.pdf?1697526725=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DEtiological_Diagnosis_of_Childhood_Pneum.pdf\u0026Expires=1742561787\u0026Signature=E~YfUhBW9qe6-Fwj8jgFCAfIEbXbEBtcrPl4bsljnIVW3XXFxQi5LzHcK9UuGuMkpowNJabvGCQ4U2ZSKWlfZ3vN8DZsyJLHexWxjAmQJS1PCjp85OLSoz0lX~ZbhOwaJEZurL3m2JJH2lMacgJa9C1-5-yDfkINCVNfiUzxNFu1XHOJsn2Xg2~DGrmHWEA1RjHgB5DW630fDF5R6QhtKi74fQ9kk-mGR2AIGfebSVqKccFPJRSV24FP7PuEH6apDKBRBHiPYBbViICL7IdvLehFGkhbJkWcQct9lW41GtLL1S9Vg~AyVOLO68UiY1Aee9MOaUCKEPiaAaA98SuR2A__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Etiological_Diagnosis_of_Childhood_Pneumonia_by_Use_of_Transthoracic_Needle_Aspiration_and_Modern_Microbiological_Methods","translated_slug":"","page_count":8,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","summary":"Childhood pneumonia is usually treated without determining its etiology. The causative organism can be isolated from specimens of blood, empyema fluid, or lung aspirate, but this is rarely done. The potential of transthoracic needle aspiration for identification of causative agents was tested with use of modern microbiological methods. Aspiration was performed for 34 children who had radiological signs compatible with community-acquired pneumonia and had alveolar consolidation. In addition to bacterial and viral cultures and viral antigen detection, nucleic acid detection for common respiratory pathogens was performed on aspirate specimens. Aspiration disclosed the etiology in 20 (59%) of 34 cases overall and in 18 (69%) of 26 patients from whom a representative specimen was obtained. Aspiration's advantages are high microbiological yield and a relatively low risk of a clinically significant adverse event. Aspiration should be used if identification of the causative agent outweighs the modest risk of the procedure. Community-acquired pneumonia is still a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide and is the primary cause of death in up to 25% of the 13 million deaths annually among children aged 0-4 years [1, 2]. Although pneumonia is widespread, its etiology usually remains unknown. Increasing problems with drugresistant infections and the availability of effective vaccines make the identification of the causative agent increasingly relevant [3, 4]. However, precise diagnosis is difficult to make on the basis of clinical or radiological findings [5, 6].","owner":{"id":42249008,"first_name":"Eeva","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Salo","page_name":"ESalo","domain_name":"helsinki","created_at":"2016-01-27T22:39:31.462-08:00","display_name":"Eeva Salo","url":"https://helsinki.academia.edu/ESalo"},"attachments":[{"id":106678240,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/106678240/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"34-5-583.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/106678240/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Etiological_Diagnosis_of_Childhood_Pneum.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/106678240/34-5-583-libre.pdf?1697526725=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DEtiological_Diagnosis_of_Childhood_Pneum.pdf\u0026Expires=1742561787\u0026Signature=E~YfUhBW9qe6-Fwj8jgFCAfIEbXbEBtcrPl4bsljnIVW3XXFxQi5LzHcK9UuGuMkpowNJabvGCQ4U2ZSKWlfZ3vN8DZsyJLHexWxjAmQJS1PCjp85OLSoz0lX~ZbhOwaJEZurL3m2JJH2lMacgJa9C1-5-yDfkINCVNfiUzxNFu1XHOJsn2Xg2~DGrmHWEA1RjHgB5DW630fDF5R6QhtKi74fQ9kk-mGR2AIGfebSVqKccFPJRSV24FP7PuEH6apDKBRBHiPYBbViICL7IdvLehFGkhbJkWcQct9lW41GtLL1S9Vg~AyVOLO68UiY1Aee9MOaUCKEPiaAaA98SuR2A__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":22506,"name":"Adolescent","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent"},{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine"},{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences"},{"id":64933,"name":"Child","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child"},{"id":69664,"name":"Childhood","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Childhood"},{"id":107083,"name":"Method","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Method"},{"id":111112,"name":"Pneumonia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pneumonia"},{"id":118339,"name":"Polymerase Chain Reaction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polymerase_Chain_Reaction"},{"id":134346,"name":"Infant","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Infant"},{"id":174477,"name":"Etiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Etiology"},{"id":989950,"name":"Aspiration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aspiration"},{"id":1336838,"name":"Clinical Infectious Diseases","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Infectious_Diseases"},{"id":1456397,"name":"Aspiration Pneumonia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aspiration_Pneumonia"},{"id":1929419,"name":"Nino","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nino"},{"id":2039726,"name":"Oulu","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Oulu"},{"id":2489700,"name":"Child preschool","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child_preschool"},{"id":3763225,"name":"Medical and Health Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_and_Health_Sciences"}],"urls":[{"id":34783624,"url":"https://academic.oup.com/cid/article-pdf/34/5/583/902397/34-5-583.pdf"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="108245013"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/108245013/Rekommendation_om_genomf%C3%B6rande_av_kontaktsp%C3%A5rning_vid_tuberkulos"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Rekommendation om genomförande av kontaktspårning vid tuberkulos" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title">Rekommendation om genomförande av kontaktspårning vid tuberkulos</div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="108245013"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="108245013"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 108245013; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=108245013]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=108245013]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 108245013; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='108245013']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=108245013]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":108245013,"title":"Rekommendation om genomförande av kontaktspårning vid tuberkulos","translated_title":"","metadata":{"publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2011,"errors":{}}},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/108245013/Rekommendation_om_genomf%C3%B6rande_av_kontaktsp%C3%A5rning_vid_tuberkulos","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2023-10-17T00:07:00.777-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":42249008,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"Rekommendation_om_genomförande_av_kontaktspårning_vid_tuberkulos","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"sv","content_type":"Work","summary":null,"owner":{"id":42249008,"first_name":"Eeva","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Salo","page_name":"ESalo","domain_name":"helsinki","created_at":"2016-01-27T22:39:31.462-08:00","display_name":"Eeva Salo","url":"https://helsinki.academia.edu/ESalo"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[],"urls":[{"id":34783622,"url":"https://www.julkari.fi/handle/10024/80191"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> </div><div class="profile--tab_content_container js-tab-pane tab-pane" data-section-id="12018010" id="papers"><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="115663789"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/115663789/Lapsen_kaulapatti_milloin_ep%C3%A4ill%C3%A4_ymp%C3%A4rist%C3%B6mykobakteeritulehdusta"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Lapsen kaulapatti - milloin epäillä ympäristömykobakteeritulehdusta?" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/112008528/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/115663789/Lapsen_kaulapatti_milloin_ep%C3%A4ill%C3%A4_ymp%C3%A4rist%C3%B6mykobakteeritulehdusta">Lapsen kaulapatti - milloin epäillä ympäristömykobakteeritulehdusta?</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="d5f83f87d0d2801e3971ba03151b9725" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":112008528,"asset_id":115663789,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/112008528/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="115663789"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="115663789"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 115663789; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=115663789]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=115663789]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 115663789; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='115663789']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "d5f83f87d0d2801e3971ba03151b9725" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=115663789]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":115663789,"title":"Lapsen kaulapatti - milloin epäillä ympäristömykobakteeritulehdusta?","translated_title":"","metadata":{"publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2019,"errors":{}}},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/115663789/Lapsen_kaulapatti_milloin_ep%C3%A4ill%C3%A4_ymp%C3%A4rist%C3%B6mykobakteeritulehdusta","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2024-03-02T00:09:37.570-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":42249008,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":112008528,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/112008528/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"SLL192019_1193.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/112008528/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Lapsen_kaulapatti_milloin_epailla_ympari.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/112008528/SLL192019_1193-libre.pdf?1709368935=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DLapsen_kaulapatti_milloin_epailla_ympari.pdf\u0026Expires=1742561786\u0026Signature=dDVvoFBy2sdhGxNmgksmUx7aEu2~uqX9Dpgitm0bhFESkXPEGuMqHU8VqGeFAbQt-P5p2sxG6rgytEEx3kmOs8SUUAk9s7-XMVmKeyM~riOQN2pm1ML~WmhHxoYRGnIlXyKwincghf7sWpI61mB7me~iSDtVm-iluYYhHeux0K~9pB2WvakpeyY7ITjT36lRo1R-4pyRmU4bWfbGY0CbIJ1KzhuQbEodIB6VYJo8zsWnfcpm1f32zlX4wAEOARdS6boj5TvksFGC82SW8EnX0vsB597lmZs~AksGIHTcGp7cIKYO6NgU-HI42zgNSdAmVU6Z59rgU7Sl6DpAuSmwBg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Lapsen_kaulapatti_milloin_epäillä_ympäristömykobakteeritulehdusta","translated_slug":"","page_count":7,"language":"fi","content_type":"Work","summary":null,"owner":{"id":42249008,"first_name":"Eeva","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Salo","page_name":"ESalo","domain_name":"helsinki","created_at":"2016-01-27T22:39:31.462-08:00","display_name":"Eeva Salo","url":"https://helsinki.academia.edu/ESalo"},"attachments":[{"id":112008528,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/112008528/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"SLL192019_1193.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/112008528/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Lapsen_kaulapatti_milloin_epailla_ympari.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/112008528/SLL192019_1193-libre.pdf?1709368935=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DLapsen_kaulapatti_milloin_epailla_ympari.pdf\u0026Expires=1742561786\u0026Signature=dDVvoFBy2sdhGxNmgksmUx7aEu2~uqX9Dpgitm0bhFESkXPEGuMqHU8VqGeFAbQt-P5p2sxG6rgytEEx3kmOs8SUUAk9s7-XMVmKeyM~riOQN2pm1ML~WmhHxoYRGnIlXyKwincghf7sWpI61mB7me~iSDtVm-iluYYhHeux0K~9pB2WvakpeyY7ITjT36lRo1R-4pyRmU4bWfbGY0CbIJ1KzhuQbEodIB6VYJo8zsWnfcpm1f32zlX4wAEOARdS6boj5TvksFGC82SW8EnX0vsB597lmZs~AksGIHTcGp7cIKYO6NgU-HI42zgNSdAmVU6Z59rgU7Sl6DpAuSmwBg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1085,"name":"Epidemiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Epidemiology"},{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine"},{"id":64933,"name":"Child","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child"},{"id":100657,"name":"Therapy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Therapy"},{"id":102839,"name":"Diagnosis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Diagnosis"},{"id":203765,"name":"Diagnostic Imaging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Diagnostic_Imaging"},{"id":1553782,"name":"Lymphadenitis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lymphadenitis"},{"id":2489700,"name":"Child preschool","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child_preschool"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="115663788"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/115663788/Tuberkuloosin_haasteet_muuttuvat"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Tuberkuloosin haasteet muuttuvat" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/112008525/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/115663788/Tuberkuloosin_haasteet_muuttuvat">Tuberkuloosin haasteet muuttuvat</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="ef19eb5fb2dec8a4f3093f049bc0b07b" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":112008525,"asset_id":115663788,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/112008525/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="115663788"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="115663788"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 115663788; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=115663788]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=115663788]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 115663788; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='115663788']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "ef19eb5fb2dec8a4f3093f049bc0b07b" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=115663788]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":115663788,"title":"Tuberkuloosin haasteet muuttuvat","translated_title":"","metadata":{"publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2017,"errors":{}}},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/115663788/Tuberkuloosin_haasteet_muuttuvat","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2024-03-02T00:09:37.448-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":42249008,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":112008525,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/112008525/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"224637852.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/112008525/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Tuberkuloosin_haasteet_muuttuvat.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/112008525/224637852-libre.pdf?1709368932=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DTuberkuloosin_haasteet_muuttuvat.pdf\u0026Expires=1742561786\u0026Signature=Ycqc0GRcPaIDsm0LpA4xF6rYy7U4-U8NfIyBcARjCniWH3co-7Gy8yeJQlc4NKeCH6nJxOu8P-JiuR6GRcoR0Lu8-9~KURGyd46bKAsI4BH0z2QzkLSpR3f9nICpocHSMYSuI~S-jtuc7okdwDAtOXcI-~mw6zSCuokTvD3~s7BIWqyNt4oE59F-20NcChpH7iegpqC05QE1P09-nwuKZED8Oyw17jUFHhWImm8mkVWCUotyEWsbPzYwWhO4xaqKTz-3GX31J8Wr0XE41jXw4m8zYsecDRR9z0oQrhmyxGmrUncB-vmKopIpimelSPL-mIXnor78nWxIQWOR1b5Feg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Tuberkuloosin_haasteet_muuttuvat","translated_slug":"","page_count":11,"language":"fi","content_type":"Work","summary":null,"owner":{"id":42249008,"first_name":"Eeva","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Salo","page_name":"ESalo","domain_name":"helsinki","created_at":"2016-01-27T22:39:31.462-08:00","display_name":"Eeva Salo","url":"https://helsinki.academia.edu/ESalo"},"attachments":[{"id":112008525,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/112008525/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"224637852.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/112008525/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Tuberkuloosin_haasteet_muuttuvat.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/112008525/224637852-libre.pdf?1709368932=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DTuberkuloosin_haasteet_muuttuvat.pdf\u0026Expires=1742561786\u0026Signature=Ycqc0GRcPaIDsm0LpA4xF6rYy7U4-U8NfIyBcARjCniWH3co-7Gy8yeJQlc4NKeCH6nJxOu8P-JiuR6GRcoR0Lu8-9~KURGyd46bKAsI4BH0z2QzkLSpR3f9nICpocHSMYSuI~S-jtuc7okdwDAtOXcI-~mw6zSCuokTvD3~s7BIWqyNt4oE59F-20NcChpH7iegpqC05QE1P09-nwuKZED8Oyw17jUFHhWImm8mkVWCUotyEWsbPzYwWhO4xaqKTz-3GX31J8Wr0XE41jXw4m8zYsecDRR9z0oQrhmyxGmrUncB-vmKopIpimelSPL-mIXnor78nWxIQWOR1b5Feg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1085,"name":"Epidemiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Epidemiology"},{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine"},{"id":35469,"name":"Immigrants and Emigrants","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immigrants_and_Emigrants"},{"id":62235,"name":"Tuberculosis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tuberculosis"},{"id":102839,"name":"Diagnosis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Diagnosis"},{"id":209856,"name":"Registries","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Registries"},{"id":517443,"name":"Infection prevention and control","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Infection_prevention_and_control"},{"id":555323,"name":"Drug Therapy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drug_Therapy"},{"id":1824236,"name":"Health Personnel","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Personnel"},{"id":3547879,"name":"Contact Tracing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contact_Tracing"},{"id":3693190,"name":"mass Screening","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/mass_Screening"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="115663787"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/115663787/Increase_in_Childhood_Nontuberculous_Mycobacterial_Infections_After_Bacille_Calmette_Gu%C3%A9rin_Coverage_Drop_A_Nationwide_Population_Based_Retrospective_Study_Finland_1995_2016"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Increase in Childhood Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Infections After Bacille Calmette-Guérin Coverage Drop: A Nationwide, Population-Based Retrospective Study, Finland, 1995–2016" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/112008486/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/115663787/Increase_in_Childhood_Nontuberculous_Mycobacterial_Infections_After_Bacille_Calmette_Gu%C3%A9rin_Coverage_Drop_A_Nationwide_Population_Based_Retrospective_Study_Finland_1995_2016">Increase in Childhood Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Infections After Bacille Calmette-Guérin Coverage Drop: A Nationwide, Population-Based Retrospective Study, Finland, 1995–2016</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Clinical Infectious Diseases</span><span>, Mar 23, 2018</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Background. Epidemiological data on childhood nontuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) disease is scarc...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Background. Epidemiological data on childhood nontuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) disease is scarce and the protective effect of bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination remains debated. In 2006, the BCG policy in Finland changed from universal to selective. We aimed to study the effect of the BCG coverage decrease on the incidence of childhood NTM infections in Finland. Methods. We conducted a nationwide, population-based, retrospective study of NTM notifications recorded to the National Infectious Diseases Register between 1995 and 2016 and identified native-born children aged 0-4 years infected with NTM. Poisson log-linear model was used to estimate the change in the incidence rate of cohorts born during universal or selective BCG policy between 1995 and 2015. Results. We identified 97 native-born children aged <5 years infected with NTM (median age, 27 months; female-to-male ratio, 2:1). The most common species was Mycobacterium avium (n = 69 [71%]). The estimated incidence rates of NTM in universal-BCG and selective-BCG cohorts were 0.2 and 3.9 per 100 000 person-years, respectively. The incidence rate ratio of selective-BCG cohorts compared to universal-BCG cohorts was 19.03 (95% confidence interval, 8.82-41.07; P < .001). Conclusions. After infant BCG coverage in Finland decreased, childhood NTM infections increased drastically. As there is no other apparent cause for the increase, this indicates that BCG offers protection against childhood NTM disease. This observation adds to the understanding of childhood NTM epidemiology and might explain why the disease is emerging in some countries.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="75a48ab30a776b9095a5741f4af6cbfd" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":112008486,"asset_id":115663787,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/112008486/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="115663787"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="115663787"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 115663787; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=115663787]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=115663787]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 115663787; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='115663787']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "75a48ab30a776b9095a5741f4af6cbfd" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=115663787]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":115663787,"title":"Increase in Childhood Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Infections After Bacille Calmette-Guérin Coverage Drop: A Nationwide, Population-Based Retrospective Study, Finland, 1995–2016","translated_title":"","metadata":{"publisher":"Oxford University Press","grobid_abstract":"Background. Epidemiological data on childhood nontuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) disease is scarce and the protective effect of bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination remains debated. In 2006, the BCG policy in Finland changed from universal to selective. We aimed to study the effect of the BCG coverage decrease on the incidence of childhood NTM infections in Finland. Methods. We conducted a nationwide, population-based, retrospective study of NTM notifications recorded to the National Infectious Diseases Register between 1995 and 2016 and identified native-born children aged 0-4 years infected with NTM. Poisson log-linear model was used to estimate the change in the incidence rate of cohorts born during universal or selective BCG policy between 1995 and 2015. Results. We identified 97 native-born children aged \u003c5 years infected with NTM (median age, 27 months; female-to-male ratio, 2:1). The most common species was Mycobacterium avium (n = 69 [71%]). The estimated incidence rates of NTM in universal-BCG and selective-BCG cohorts were 0.2 and 3.9 per 100 000 person-years, respectively. The incidence rate ratio of selective-BCG cohorts compared to universal-BCG cohorts was 19.03 (95% confidence interval, 8.82-41.07; P \u003c .001). Conclusions. After infant BCG coverage in Finland decreased, childhood NTM infections increased drastically. As there is no other apparent cause for the increase, this indicates that BCG offers protection against childhood NTM disease. This observation adds to the understanding of childhood NTM epidemiology and might explain why the disease is emerging in some countries.","publication_date":{"day":23,"month":3,"year":2018,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Clinical Infectious Diseases","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":112008485},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/115663787/Increase_in_Childhood_Nontuberculous_Mycobacterial_Infections_After_Bacille_Calmette_Gu%C3%A9rin_Coverage_Drop_A_Nationwide_Population_Based_Retrospective_Study_Finland_1995_2016","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2024-03-02T00:09:37.028-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":42249008,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":112008486,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/112008486/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"ciy241.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/112008486/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Increase_in_Childhood_Nontuberculous_Myc.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/112008486/ciy241-libre.pdf?1709368938=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DIncrease_in_Childhood_Nontuberculous_Myc.pdf\u0026Expires=1742561786\u0026Signature=UqqZDjXNkNgbCWHCUicQ1pCNiPFYea9ZMSs~8NAI8D36nHK8Baeg1tb10wKySQC0TuDm1~DJAhqN72oSdQMtfHB0tPLHAqCcXfseD87ibvCnh22pcphmaaN9Vwpugtwdu0Iet3o7CSDjmHzEV3ClVshbILL19f~RIFg3QmN6K9obe2iIETE19dpUyLgi7pfzzOYMFyM1rnOCfOXqV6Is7awEQGFyn5ShmaLFbo6kYiWmASu9nSw4O8UV9THIazsh1xy1vSY49lxZN6DNAuN~WvXl2CL-uQKuTm8wzXXnx6dOSSla-TktpTIDbdT1X-UtVXQa3R7Vz7tV4iAztGPmbw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Increase_in_Childhood_Nontuberculous_Mycobacterial_Infections_After_Bacille_Calmette_Guérin_Coverage_Drop_A_Nationwide_Population_Based_Retrospective_Study_Finland_1995_2016","translated_slug":"","page_count":6,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","summary":"Background. Epidemiological data on childhood nontuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) disease is scarce and the protective effect of bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination remains debated. In 2006, the BCG policy in Finland changed from universal to selective. We aimed to study the effect of the BCG coverage decrease on the incidence of childhood NTM infections in Finland. Methods. We conducted a nationwide, population-based, retrospective study of NTM notifications recorded to the National Infectious Diseases Register between 1995 and 2016 and identified native-born children aged 0-4 years infected with NTM. Poisson log-linear model was used to estimate the change in the incidence rate of cohorts born during universal or selective BCG policy between 1995 and 2015. Results. We identified 97 native-born children aged \u003c5 years infected with NTM (median age, 27 months; female-to-male ratio, 2:1). The most common species was Mycobacterium avium (n = 69 [71%]). The estimated incidence rates of NTM in universal-BCG and selective-BCG cohorts were 0.2 and 3.9 per 100 000 person-years, respectively. The incidence rate ratio of selective-BCG cohorts compared to universal-BCG cohorts was 19.03 (95% confidence interval, 8.82-41.07; P \u003c .001). Conclusions. After infant BCG coverage in Finland decreased, childhood NTM infections increased drastically. As there is no other apparent cause for the increase, this indicates that BCG offers protection against childhood NTM disease. This observation adds to the understanding of childhood NTM epidemiology and might explain why the disease is emerging in some countries.","owner":{"id":42249008,"first_name":"Eeva","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Salo","page_name":"ESalo","domain_name":"helsinki","created_at":"2016-01-27T22:39:31.462-08:00","display_name":"Eeva Salo","url":"https://helsinki.academia.edu/ESalo"},"attachments":[{"id":112008486,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/112008486/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"ciy241.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/112008486/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Increase_in_Childhood_Nontuberculous_Myc.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/112008486/ciy241-libre.pdf?1709368938=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DIncrease_in_Childhood_Nontuberculous_Myc.pdf\u0026Expires=1742561786\u0026Signature=UqqZDjXNkNgbCWHCUicQ1pCNiPFYea9ZMSs~8NAI8D36nHK8Baeg1tb10wKySQC0TuDm1~DJAhqN72oSdQMtfHB0tPLHAqCcXfseD87ibvCnh22pcphmaaN9Vwpugtwdu0Iet3o7CSDjmHzEV3ClVshbILL19f~RIFg3QmN6K9obe2iIETE19dpUyLgi7pfzzOYMFyM1rnOCfOXqV6Is7awEQGFyn5ShmaLFbo6kYiWmASu9nSw4O8UV9THIazsh1xy1vSY49lxZN6DNAuN~WvXl2CL-uQKuTm8wzXXnx6dOSSla-TktpTIDbdT1X-UtVXQa3R7Vz7tV4iAztGPmbw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"},{"id":112008485,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/112008485/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"ciy241.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/112008485/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Increase_in_Childhood_Nontuberculous_Myc.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/112008485/ciy241-libre.pdf?1709368941=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DIncrease_in_Childhood_Nontuberculous_Myc.pdf\u0026Expires=1742561787\u0026Signature=Sa6oEuU1JVUi46VS2p4Z4-8Y6xeyeM6TQgwUJnbS23IcsOyMBSR33yTS~YTf58l28~73oav6b~gTm5Z~MIku8SaKxMldr8UuXhzXpxMKzm7UlvzKmhnSq3X~W34W74lbixfZaE1ee8qVILYqYTsrfoPDwJOcwwIew7NPLjQTvVyb9M2OD82qd6x4bpgZw-Ft4782-XQnhlRkVSgq38GPpgmon7ixCl8fQ9hrZK9SVnrXFtFom7~0onuKY8hluJTYljfwF0sPYKLA1-mDgUVdxGM-KUvfzMJGrm5U-MJodxtsnRNrPCNXxqxVxaQ~X2OiVLJ1gGOYPLgDjb2ukSjF4Q__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1085,"name":"Epidemiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Epidemiology"},{"id":5500,"name":"Incidence Geometry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Incidence_Geometry"},{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine"},{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences"},{"id":64336,"name":"Population","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Population"},{"id":179934,"name":"Vaccination","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vaccination"},{"id":347741,"name":"NTM","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/NTM"},{"id":1336838,"name":"Clinical Infectious Diseases","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Infectious_Diseases"},{"id":1493802,"name":"Nontuberculous Mycobacteria","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nontuberculous_Mycobacteria"},{"id":1553782,"name":"Lymphadenitis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lymphadenitis"},{"id":2103935,"name":"Vaccination coverage","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vaccination_coverage"},{"id":2782860,"name":"BCG","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/BCG"},{"id":2850206,"name":"wos","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/wos"},{"id":3763225,"name":"Medical and Health Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_and_Health_Sciences"}],"urls":[{"id":39953691,"url":"https://academic.oup.com/cid/article-pdf/67/8/1256/25849299/ciy241.pdf"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="115663785"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/115663785/Riskiryhmiin_kohdistuva_tuberkuloosin_torjunta"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Riskiryhmiin kohdistuva tuberkuloosin torjunta" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title">Riskiryhmiin kohdistuva tuberkuloosin torjunta</div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="115663785"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="115663785"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 115663785; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=115663785]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=115663785]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 115663785; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='115663785']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=115663785]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":115663785,"title":"Riskiryhmiin kohdistuva tuberkuloosin torjunta","translated_title":"","metadata":{"publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2005,"errors":{}}},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/115663785/Riskiryhmiin_kohdistuva_tuberkuloosin_torjunta","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2024-03-02T00:09:36.143-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":42249008,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"Riskiryhmiin_kohdistuva_tuberkuloosin_torjunta","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"fi","content_type":"Work","summary":null,"owner":{"id":42249008,"first_name":"Eeva","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Salo","page_name":"ESalo","domain_name":"helsinki","created_at":"2016-01-27T22:39:31.462-08:00","display_name":"Eeva Salo","url":"https://helsinki.academia.edu/ESalo"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine"}],"urls":[{"id":39953690,"url":"https://www.julkari.fi/handle/10024/98596"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="115663784"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/115663784/Intravenous_Immune_Globulin_Reduces_the_IgG_Antiendothelial_Cell_Antibody_Response_in_Kawasaki_Disease"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Intravenous Immune Globulin Reduces the IgG Antiendothelial Cell Antibody Response in Kawasaki Disease" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title">Intravenous Immune Globulin Reduces the IgG Antiendothelial Cell Antibody Response in Kawasaki Disease</div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Endothelium (CD-ROM)</span><span>, 1993</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">IgG class antiendothelial cell antibodies were sought by a cellular ELISA in 350 samples from 118...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">IgG class antiendothelial cell antibodies were sought by a cellular ELISA in 350 samples from 118 patients with Kawasaki disease. They were found in 62 of the patients (52%); including 12 of 18 patients with a coronary artery lesion and 34 of 67 in whom such a lesion was not detected. Their frequency was similar in patients who had received intravenous immune globulin (18 of 40) and in those who had not (43 of 78). However, the mean antibody levels rose significantly in patients who were not treated with intravenous immune globulin but no such rise occurred in treated patients whose mean and peak antibody levels remained significantly lower than those of untreated patients. These results suggest that intravenous immune globulin reduces the magnitude of the antiendothelial cell antibody response in patients with Kawasaki disease.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="115663784"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="115663784"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 115663784; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=115663784]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=115663784]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 115663784; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='115663784']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=115663784]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":115663784,"title":"Intravenous Immune Globulin Reduces the IgG Antiendothelial Cell Antibody Response in Kawasaki Disease","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"IgG class antiendothelial cell antibodies were sought by a cellular ELISA in 350 samples from 118 patients with Kawasaki disease. They were found in 62 of the patients (52%); including 12 of 18 patients with a coronary artery lesion and 34 of 67 in whom such a lesion was not detected. Their frequency was similar in patients who had received intravenous immune globulin (18 of 40) and in those who had not (43 of 78). However, the mean antibody levels rose significantly in patients who were not treated with intravenous immune globulin but no such rise occurred in treated patients whose mean and peak antibody levels remained significantly lower than those of untreated patients. These results suggest that intravenous immune globulin reduces the magnitude of the antiendothelial cell antibody response in patients with Kawasaki disease.","publisher":"Taylor \u0026 Francis","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":1993,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Endothelium (CD-ROM)"},"translated_abstract":"IgG class antiendothelial cell antibodies were sought by a cellular ELISA in 350 samples from 118 patients with Kawasaki disease. They were found in 62 of the patients (52%); including 12 of 18 patients with a coronary artery lesion and 34 of 67 in whom such a lesion was not detected. Their frequency was similar in patients who had received intravenous immune globulin (18 of 40) and in those who had not (43 of 78). However, the mean antibody levels rose significantly in patients who were not treated with intravenous immune globulin but no such rise occurred in treated patients whose mean and peak antibody levels remained significantly lower than those of untreated patients. These results suggest that intravenous immune globulin reduces the magnitude of the antiendothelial cell antibody response in patients with Kawasaki disease.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/115663784/Intravenous_Immune_Globulin_Reduces_the_IgG_Antiendothelial_Cell_Antibody_Response_in_Kawasaki_Disease","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2024-03-02T00:09:35.909-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":42249008,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"Intravenous_Immune_Globulin_Reduces_the_IgG_Antiendothelial_Cell_Antibody_Response_in_Kawasaki_Disease","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","summary":"IgG class antiendothelial cell antibodies were sought by a cellular ELISA in 350 samples from 118 patients with Kawasaki disease. They were found in 62 of the patients (52%); including 12 of 18 patients with a coronary artery lesion and 34 of 67 in whom such a lesion was not detected. Their frequency was similar in patients who had received intravenous immune globulin (18 of 40) and in those who had not (43 of 78). However, the mean antibody levels rose significantly in patients who were not treated with intravenous immune globulin but no such rise occurred in treated patients whose mean and peak antibody levels remained significantly lower than those of untreated patients. These results suggest that intravenous immune globulin reduces the magnitude of the antiendothelial cell antibody response in patients with Kawasaki disease.","owner":{"id":42249008,"first_name":"Eeva","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Salo","page_name":"ESalo","domain_name":"helsinki","created_at":"2016-01-27T22:39:31.462-08:00","display_name":"Eeva Salo","url":"https://helsinki.academia.edu/ESalo"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[{"id":1290,"name":"Immunology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immunology"},{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine"},{"id":162186,"name":"Globulin","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Globulin"},{"id":165212,"name":"Kawasaki Disease","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Kawasaki_Disease"},{"id":244814,"name":"Clinical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences"},{"id":324154,"name":"Immune system","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immune_system"},{"id":357811,"name":"Antibody","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antibody"},{"id":410370,"name":"Public health systems and services research","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_health_systems_and_services_research-1"},{"id":788667,"name":"ENDOTHELIUM","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ENDOTHELIUM"},{"id":1435553,"name":"Gamma Globulin","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gamma_Globulin"},{"id":3789884,"name":"Pharmacology and pharmaceutical sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmacology_and_pharmaceutical_sciences"}],"urls":[{"id":39953688,"url":"https://doi.org/10.3109/10623329309100957"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="115663783"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/115663783/Ohjeet_p%C3%A4%C3%A4t%C3%A4itartunnan_toteamiseksi_ja_hoidoksi"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Ohjeet päätäitartunnan toteamiseksi ja hoidoksi" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title">Ohjeet päätäitartunnan toteamiseksi ja hoidoksi</div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="115663783"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="115663783"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 115663783; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=115663783]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=115663783]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 115663783; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='115663783']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=115663783]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":115663783,"title":"Ohjeet päätäitartunnan toteamiseksi ja hoidoksi","translated_title":"","metadata":{"publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2009,"errors":{}}},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/115663783/Ohjeet_p%C3%A4%C3%A4t%C3%A4itartunnan_toteamiseksi_ja_hoidoksi","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2024-03-02T00:09:35.695-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":42249008,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"Ohjeet_päätäitartunnan_toteamiseksi_ja_hoidoksi","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"fi","content_type":"Work","summary":null,"owner":{"id":42249008,"first_name":"Eeva","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Salo","page_name":"ESalo","domain_name":"helsinki","created_at":"2016-01-27T22:39:31.462-08:00","display_name":"Eeva Salo","url":"https://helsinki.academia.edu/ESalo"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[],"urls":[{"id":39953687,"url":"https://researchportal.helsinki.fi/en/publications/ohjeet-p%C3%A4%C3%A4t%C3%A4itartunnan-toteamiseksi-ja-hoidoksi"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="115663782"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/115663782/Tuberculosis_contact_investigation_results_among_paediatric_contacts_in_low_incidence_settings_in_Finland"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Tuberculosis contact investigation results among paediatric contacts in low-incidence settings in Finland" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/112008482/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/115663782/Tuberculosis_contact_investigation_results_among_paediatric_contacts_in_low_incidence_settings_in_Finland">Tuberculosis contact investigation results among paediatric contacts in low-incidence settings in Finland</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>European Journal of Pediatrics</span><span>, Mar 2, 2021</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Tuberculosis (TB) risk is highest immediately after primary infection, and young children are vul...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Tuberculosis (TB) risk is highest immediately after primary infection, and young children are vulnerable to rapid and severe TB disease. Contact tracing should identify infected children rapidly and simultaneously target resources effectively. We conducted a retrospective review of the paediatric TB contact tracing results in the Hospital District of Helsinki and Uusimaa from 2012 to 2016 and identified risk factors for TB disease or infection. Altogether, 121 index cases had 526 paediatric contacts of whom 34 were diagnosed with TB disease or infection. The maximum delay until first contact investigation visit among the household contacts under 5 years of age with either TB disease or infection was 7 days. The yield for TB disease or infection was 4.6% and 12.8% for household contacts, 0.5% and 0% for contacts exposed in a congregate setting and 1.4% and 5.0% for other contacts, respectively. Contacts born in a TB endemic country (aOR 3.07, 95% CI 1.10-8.57), with household exposure (aOR 2.96, 95% CI 1.33-6.58) or a sputum smear positive index case (aOR 3.96, 95% CI 1.20-13.03) were more likely to have TB disease or infection. Conclusions: Prompt TB investigations and early diagnosis can be achieved with a well-organised contact tracing structure. The risk for TB infection or disease was higher among contacts with household exposure, a sputum smear positive index case or born in a TB endemic country. Large-scale investigations among children exposed in congregate settings can result in a very low yield and should be cautiously targeted. What is Known: • Vulnerable young children are a high priority in contact tracing and should be evaluated as soon as possible after TB exposure What is New: • Prompt investigations for paediatric TB contacts and early diagnosis of infected children can be achieved with a well-organised contact tracing structure • Large-scale investigations among children exposed in congregate settings can result in a very low yield and should be cautiously targeted Keywords Tuberculosis. Vulnerable young children. Paediatric TB contact tracing Communicated by Nicole Ritz</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="5a564e91ea4aabbab000fa162436a710" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":112008482,"asset_id":115663782,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/112008482/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="115663782"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="115663782"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 115663782; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=115663782]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=115663782]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 115663782; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='115663782']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "5a564e91ea4aabbab000fa162436a710" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=115663782]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":115663782,"title":"Tuberculosis contact investigation results among paediatric contacts in low-incidence settings in Finland","translated_title":"","metadata":{"publisher":"Springer Science+Business Media","grobid_abstract":"Tuberculosis (TB) risk is highest immediately after primary infection, and young children are vulnerable to rapid and severe TB disease. Contact tracing should identify infected children rapidly and simultaneously target resources effectively. We conducted a retrospective review of the paediatric TB contact tracing results in the Hospital District of Helsinki and Uusimaa from 2012 to 2016 and identified risk factors for TB disease or infection. Altogether, 121 index cases had 526 paediatric contacts of whom 34 were diagnosed with TB disease or infection. The maximum delay until first contact investigation visit among the household contacts under 5 years of age with either TB disease or infection was 7 days. The yield for TB disease or infection was 4.6% and 12.8% for household contacts, 0.5% and 0% for contacts exposed in a congregate setting and 1.4% and 5.0% for other contacts, respectively. Contacts born in a TB endemic country (aOR 3.07, 95% CI 1.10-8.57), with household exposure (aOR 2.96, 95% CI 1.33-6.58) or a sputum smear positive index case (aOR 3.96, 95% CI 1.20-13.03) were more likely to have TB disease or infection. Conclusions: Prompt TB investigations and early diagnosis can be achieved with a well-organised contact tracing structure. The risk for TB infection or disease was higher among contacts with household exposure, a sputum smear positive index case or born in a TB endemic country. Large-scale investigations among children exposed in congregate settings can result in a very low yield and should be cautiously targeted. What is Known: • Vulnerable young children are a high priority in contact tracing and should be evaluated as soon as possible after TB exposure What is New: • Prompt investigations for paediatric TB contacts and early diagnosis of infected children can be achieved with a well-organised contact tracing structure • Large-scale investigations among children exposed in congregate settings can result in a very low yield and should be cautiously targeted Keywords Tuberculosis. Vulnerable young children. Paediatric TB contact tracing Communicated by Nicole Ritz","publication_date":{"day":2,"month":3,"year":2021,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"European Journal of Pediatrics","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":112008482},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/115663782/Tuberculosis_contact_investigation_results_among_paediatric_contacts_in_low_incidence_settings_in_Finland","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2024-03-02T00:09:35.475-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":42249008,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":112008482,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/112008482/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"s00431-021-04000-7.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/112008482/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Tuberculosis_contact_investigation_resul.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/112008482/s00431-021-04000-7-libre.pdf?1709368941=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DTuberculosis_contact_investigation_resul.pdf\u0026Expires=1742561787\u0026Signature=IKCO6xSSvILu09f5YKdQwR00iJRGgQu5mLZRF8Gm4NduidR4iZZcKuk47jBGgX4kf9Vkw2ZMUy-cN0O4aeI94iCYi7qjyyUfrrYDRQyClPZbAczLf3RxNsSgl1tLehQTMtzVGG0vwDEoW5v~wXDCtJaKGppwF3z2LaWWxDbZDTzxoMX90WKYJ~V3WLq1FZ9iNqrbuxUu58~NFLccDvzcxf-pDaiIxZZ6qAIOXPoQ5VyL3NNFcsY9blhrHWcUfoQzg0-UzYEAuUfJzD62yhRkZuhdkcWqpUk31130p7q5oSFXGFU8d0pMpVk3-A~Dj62ezpUjf9RBl7jerUytfeyejQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Tuberculosis_contact_investigation_results_among_paediatric_contacts_in_low_incidence_settings_in_Finland","translated_slug":"","page_count":8,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","summary":"Tuberculosis (TB) risk is highest immediately after primary infection, and young children are vulnerable to rapid and severe TB disease. Contact tracing should identify infected children rapidly and simultaneously target resources effectively. We conducted a retrospective review of the paediatric TB contact tracing results in the Hospital District of Helsinki and Uusimaa from 2012 to 2016 and identified risk factors for TB disease or infection. Altogether, 121 index cases had 526 paediatric contacts of whom 34 were diagnosed with TB disease or infection. The maximum delay until first contact investigation visit among the household contacts under 5 years of age with either TB disease or infection was 7 days. The yield for TB disease or infection was 4.6% and 12.8% for household contacts, 0.5% and 0% for contacts exposed in a congregate setting and 1.4% and 5.0% for other contacts, respectively. Contacts born in a TB endemic country (aOR 3.07, 95% CI 1.10-8.57), with household exposure (aOR 2.96, 95% CI 1.33-6.58) or a sputum smear positive index case (aOR 3.96, 95% CI 1.20-13.03) were more likely to have TB disease or infection. Conclusions: Prompt TB investigations and early diagnosis can be achieved with a well-organised contact tracing structure. The risk for TB infection or disease was higher among contacts with household exposure, a sputum smear positive index case or born in a TB endemic country. Large-scale investigations among children exposed in congregate settings can result in a very low yield and should be cautiously targeted. What is Known: • Vulnerable young children are a high priority in contact tracing and should be evaluated as soon as possible after TB exposure What is New: • Prompt investigations for paediatric TB contacts and early diagnosis of infected children can be achieved with a well-organised contact tracing structure • Large-scale investigations among children exposed in congregate settings can result in a very low yield and should be cautiously targeted Keywords Tuberculosis. Vulnerable young children. Paediatric TB contact tracing Communicated by Nicole Ritz","owner":{"id":42249008,"first_name":"Eeva","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Salo","page_name":"ESalo","domain_name":"helsinki","created_at":"2016-01-27T22:39:31.462-08:00","display_name":"Eeva Salo","url":"https://helsinki.academia.edu/ESalo"},"attachments":[{"id":112008482,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/112008482/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"s00431-021-04000-7.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/112008482/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Tuberculosis_contact_investigation_resul.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/112008482/s00431-021-04000-7-libre.pdf?1709368941=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DTuberculosis_contact_investigation_resul.pdf\u0026Expires=1742561787\u0026Signature=IKCO6xSSvILu09f5YKdQwR00iJRGgQu5mLZRF8Gm4NduidR4iZZcKuk47jBGgX4kf9Vkw2ZMUy-cN0O4aeI94iCYi7qjyyUfrrYDRQyClPZbAczLf3RxNsSgl1tLehQTMtzVGG0vwDEoW5v~wXDCtJaKGppwF3z2LaWWxDbZDTzxoMX90WKYJ~V3WLq1FZ9iNqrbuxUu58~NFLccDvzcxf-pDaiIxZZ6qAIOXPoQ5VyL3NNFcsY9blhrHWcUfoQzg0-UzYEAuUfJzD62yhRkZuhdkcWqpUk31130p7q5oSFXGFU8d0pMpVk3-A~Dj62ezpUjf9RBl7jerUytfeyejQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"},{"id":112008481,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/112008481/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"s00431-021-04000-7.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/112008481/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Tuberculosis_contact_investigation_resul.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/112008481/s00431-021-04000-7-libre.pdf?1709368937=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DTuberculosis_contact_investigation_resul.pdf\u0026Expires=1742561787\u0026Signature=fYn3JpME3MMoD9TXTlsYzUIJsac84NjGMJnIc7TGM5wlG78HXjKEgh4opVjWkbzuDjc969ueObWIScEy2ZOEjjB1u5AH54xEGLSaTyw9L5SLIMoFL9yzUX8t9-QrHMLINve1cpErNIsDlmNTybEoTidbHY~-~2nD4aG7a01vJmZrLhKV2yYs7c9xiUqrhWEDMQcRJGHQk~5-ojp1FCEv3MN3N1cqRNnSd2TYOJhOtINjwQ5oAqPLJWjODuz9hg1I42ShaeJ5-2xO9DW2olRODaQQYA9h4Yxv1yPAvFgo3zUGMNDKr4CZd0ONHvXwLHBVSibp993IvHMWgoYFY7YfMQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":631,"name":"Pediatrics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pediatrics"},{"id":5500,"name":"Incidence Geometry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Incidence_Geometry"},{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine"},{"id":62235,"name":"Tuberculosis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tuberculosis"},{"id":99773,"name":"Disease","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Disease"},{"id":410370,"name":"Public health systems and services research","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_health_systems_and_services_research-1"},{"id":724400,"name":"Sputum","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sputum"},{"id":3547879,"name":"Contact Tracing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contact_Tracing"},{"id":3789883,"name":"Paediatrics and reproductive medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paediatrics_and_reproductive_medicine"}],"urls":[{"id":39953686,"url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00431-021-04000-7.pdf"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="115663781"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/115663781/Childhood_nontuberculous_mycobacterial_lymphadenitis_observation_alone_is_a_good_alternative_to_surgery"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Childhood nontuberculous mycobacterial lymphadenitis-observation alone is a good alternative to surgery" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/112008480/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/115663781/Childhood_nontuberculous_mycobacterial_lymphadenitis_observation_alone_is_a_good_alternative_to_surgery">Childhood nontuberculous mycobacterial lymphadenitis-observation alone is a good alternative to surgery</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology</span><span>, Feb 1, 2020</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the ad...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the addition of a cover page and metadata, and formatting for readability, but it is not yet the definitive version of record. This version will undergo additional copyediting, typesetting and review before it is published in its final form, but we are providing this version to give early visibility of the article. Please note that, during the production process, errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="d000a82e13058f14f9a3ffa54c791c68" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":112008480,"asset_id":115663781,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/112008480/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="115663781"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="115663781"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 115663781; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=115663781]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=115663781]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 115663781; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='115663781']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "d000a82e13058f14f9a3ffa54c791c68" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=115663781]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":115663781,"title":"Childhood nontuberculous mycobacterial lymphadenitis-observation alone is a good alternative to surgery","translated_title":"","metadata":{"publisher":"Elsevier BV","ai_title_tag":"Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Lymphadenitis","grobid_abstract":"This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the addition of a cover page and metadata, and formatting for readability, but it is not yet the definitive version of record. This version will undergo additional copyediting, typesetting and review before it is published in its final form, but we are providing this version to give early visibility of the article. Please note that, during the production process, errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.","publication_date":{"day":1,"month":2,"year":2020,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":112008480},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/115663781/Childhood_nontuberculous_mycobacterial_lymphadenitis_observation_alone_is_a_good_alternative_to_surgery","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2024-03-02T00:09:35.232-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":42249008,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":112008480,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/112008480/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"1_s2.0_S0165587619305312_main.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/112008480/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Childhood_nontuberculous_mycobacterial_l.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/112008480/1_s2.0_S0165587619305312_main-libre.pdf?1709368945=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DChildhood_nontuberculous_mycobacterial_l.pdf\u0026Expires=1742561787\u0026Signature=Zz7k6BN4EHfRsp-iLWTKX9F8sfj8Z8P2ONy29LJajSwA-dv6L~c3r-0FNPQkqyvUdCSmCRI5yc06po6UKBxFmer7WyEGLcel7wgEUfeTDV0K3Gg3Q8OHoxNzhLowE42S6IExLwgLB4tzG8zlwcesMtP7OOBHVoQ1VsyfHtv2hWRoMZVfZedGiIJClHd3f26U93UiKGOY-LGTSi78Hqo25rc41V1FOQzmwMRFujXmUVV5pRoS7e1BYpWRqtKnFEjwr0h7MK250Mj46Ddd~rf-NVDvkoh4JOe3Uvk~Gj9VOKsnU~p3KpUr4yB94G~NcveW7iaOm61cfVwwDmOsSHTI-A__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Childhood_nontuberculous_mycobacterial_lymphadenitis_observation_alone_is_a_good_alternative_to_surgery","translated_slug":"","page_count":22,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","summary":"This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the addition of a cover page and metadata, and formatting for readability, but it is not yet the definitive version of record. This version will undergo additional copyediting, typesetting and review before it is published in its final form, but we are providing this version to give early visibility of the article. Please note that, during the production process, errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.","owner":{"id":42249008,"first_name":"Eeva","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Salo","page_name":"ESalo","domain_name":"helsinki","created_at":"2016-01-27T22:39:31.462-08:00","display_name":"Eeva Salo","url":"https://helsinki.academia.edu/ESalo"},"attachments":[{"id":112008480,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/112008480/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"1_s2.0_S0165587619305312_main.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/112008480/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Childhood_nontuberculous_mycobacterial_l.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/112008480/1_s2.0_S0165587619305312_main-libre.pdf?1709368945=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DChildhood_nontuberculous_mycobacterial_l.pdf\u0026Expires=1742561787\u0026Signature=Zz7k6BN4EHfRsp-iLWTKX9F8sfj8Z8P2ONy29LJajSwA-dv6L~c3r-0FNPQkqyvUdCSmCRI5yc06po6UKBxFmer7WyEGLcel7wgEUfeTDV0K3Gg3Q8OHoxNzhLowE42S6IExLwgLB4tzG8zlwcesMtP7OOBHVoQ1VsyfHtv2hWRoMZVfZedGiIJClHd3f26U93UiKGOY-LGTSi78Hqo25rc41V1FOQzmwMRFujXmUVV5pRoS7e1BYpWRqtKnFEjwr0h7MK250Mj46Ddd~rf-NVDvkoh4JOe3Uvk~Gj9VOKsnU~p3KpUr4yB94G~NcveW7iaOm61cfVwwDmOsSHTI-A__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":38,"name":"Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Management"},{"id":647,"name":"Surgery","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Surgery"},{"id":21141,"name":"Fistula","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fistula"},{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine"},{"id":54533,"name":"Children","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Children"},{"id":99773,"name":"Disease","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Disease"},{"id":111842,"name":"Otorhinolaryngology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Otorhinolaryngology"},{"id":244814,"name":"Clinical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences"},{"id":803390,"name":"Bcg Vaccination","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bcg_Vaccination"},{"id":1493802,"name":"Nontuberculous Mycobacteria","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nontuberculous_Mycobacteria"},{"id":1553782,"name":"Lymphadenitis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lymphadenitis"},{"id":2011976,"name":"Environmental/Non-tuberculous Mycobacteria","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Non-tuberculous_Mycobacteria"},{"id":3789883,"name":"Paediatrics and reproductive medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paediatrics_and_reproductive_medicine"}],"urls":[{"id":39953685,"url":"https://helda.helsinki.fi/bitstream/10138/321393/1/1_s2.0_S0165587619305312_main.pdf"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="115663780"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/115663780/Abstracts_of_papers_and_posters_safe_handling_of_medicines"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Abstracts of papers and posters safe handling of medicines" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/112008526/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/115663780/Abstracts_of_papers_and_posters_safe_handling_of_medicines">Abstracts of papers and posters safe handling of medicines</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Pharmacy World & Science</span><span>, 1993</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The presentation will briefly describe the present pharmaceutical education at German universitie...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The presentation will briefly describe the present pharmaceutical education at German universities according to the law for education and licensure (Approbationsordnung for Apetheker, dated July 19, I989). These rules and regulations are mandatory for all schools of pharmacy in Germany. Clinical pharmacy is not yet included in the curriculum. Hospital pharmacists with a strong clinical pharmacy program convinced faculty members to bring practitioners back to the university to teach courses in clinical pharmacy. The development of such a project between the school of pharmacy at the Albert-Ludwigs-University at Freiburg im Breisgau and the department of pharmacy at the Karlsruhe Klinikum will be described. The aim is, to encourage more hospital pharmacists to cooperate with faculty in teaching undergraduate students. A strong point will be made, why it is essential that practitioners must teach courses in clinical pharmacy. Also a warning will be directed to them, only to teach, what they actually practice. The practitioner educators will be role models for faculty members and students alike. Existing difficulties must not be overlooked between basic research and applied clinical research. The research interests of pharmaceutical sciences teachers and practitioner educators are divers. Zentralapotheke St~dt. Klinikum Postfach 6280 76042 Karlsruhe Germany Knowledge, skills and attitude dcvctopmcnt in Clinical Pharmacy E. wan dcr Klcijn, PhD Michclangelodtraat 34, NL 1077 CC An~stcrdam Despite a history as h)ng as mankind and in contrast to common belief general and specialised medicine, recognised by their distinctive subcultural organisatious and licenses, do not exist for longer than about fourty years in their current appearances. They still show all the social characteristies of the medieval Guild-structure with its master-student relationships and tribal rituals. Pharmacy, the art ofcompoundins and disoeusin~, for quality reasons was divorced from medicine, its art of prescribing in the twelve's century with inherent professional and cultural consequences. The current fragmented heslthcare and-maintenance system has grown weary in terms of managerial, emotional as well as economic outcome and satisfaction. Redesigning healthcare from human needs, and demands-perspectives, provided the desired and available skills, knowledge and means at affordable or accepted expenditure requires new social and professional structures with a emphasis on collaboration among the various practitioners. These needs may require redasigniag pharmacies, locations, jobdascriprions and reimbursement policies for drugs and services. Pharmacy in the past two decades by adopting the clinical adjection, has attempted to offer and merge its services to patients via the medical stuctures. The success has been limited partly due to opposition from both the medical as well the pharmaceutical community. Despite obviously being better trained, experienced and equiped for assisting in pharmaco-tberapeuties than their medical and surgical colleagues, pbarmasists have not yet been able lo convince the public at large of their prime position. Without sacrificing their chemical, physical and technological knowledge and skills that prepares the pharmacist as an expert for individualised cx)mpounding and dispensing of patient's drugase, pharmacists require to adopt a number of competencias that allows them to act harmoniously, professionally in the medical environment with patients. These competencies are categodsed as:-pefformanco in daily practice: * patient consultation on medication history, current reasons for encounter and medical decision making in confident consensus with the physician, * intraspective prescrlption-surveillance, 9 individualising and dispensing medication, " monitoring drug-utilisation,-educatioa and training: * support of prospective therapeutic decision making, 9 retrospective auditing and evaluation, * prescription formulary development,-r~ch and development: " phar maco-cpidemiology, * technology assessment and costs containment, * diagnostic and therapeutic protocol development, 9 pharmacokinetic monitoring services, * mini-technology in medical supplies and pharmaccuties.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="a0999f0ac71dcbd9f72780a1c25c05dd" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":112008526,"asset_id":115663780,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/112008526/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="115663780"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="115663780"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 115663780; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=115663780]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=115663780]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 115663780; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='115663780']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "a0999f0ac71dcbd9f72780a1c25c05dd" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=115663780]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":115663780,"title":"Abstracts of papers and posters safe handling of medicines","translated_title":"","metadata":{"publisher":"Springer Nature","grobid_abstract":"The presentation will briefly describe the present pharmaceutical education at German universities according to the law for education and licensure (Approbationsordnung for Apetheker, dated July 19, I989). These rules and regulations are mandatory for all schools of pharmacy in Germany. Clinical pharmacy is not yet included in the curriculum. Hospital pharmacists with a strong clinical pharmacy program convinced faculty members to bring practitioners back to the university to teach courses in clinical pharmacy. The development of such a project between the school of pharmacy at the Albert-Ludwigs-University at Freiburg im Breisgau and the department of pharmacy at the Karlsruhe Klinikum will be described. The aim is, to encourage more hospital pharmacists to cooperate with faculty in teaching undergraduate students. A strong point will be made, why it is essential that practitioners must teach courses in clinical pharmacy. Also a warning will be directed to them, only to teach, what they actually practice. The practitioner educators will be role models for faculty members and students alike. Existing difficulties must not be overlooked between basic research and applied clinical research. The research interests of pharmaceutical sciences teachers and practitioner educators are divers. Zentralapotheke St~dt. Klinikum Postfach 6280 76042 Karlsruhe Germany Knowledge, skills and attitude dcvctopmcnt in Clinical Pharmacy E. wan dcr Klcijn, PhD Michclangelodtraat 34, NL 1077 CC An~stcrdam Despite a history as h)ng as mankind and in contrast to common belief general and specialised medicine, recognised by their distinctive subcultural organisatious and licenses, do not exist for longer than about fourty years in their current appearances. They still show all the social characteristies of the medieval Guild-structure with its master-student relationships and tribal rituals. Pharmacy, the art ofcompoundins and disoeusin~, for quality reasons was divorced from medicine, its art of prescribing in the twelve's century with inherent professional and cultural consequences. The current fragmented heslthcare and-maintenance system has grown weary in terms of managerial, emotional as well as economic outcome and satisfaction. Redesigning healthcare from human needs, and demands-perspectives, provided the desired and available skills, knowledge and means at affordable or accepted expenditure requires new social and professional structures with a emphasis on collaboration among the various practitioners. These needs may require redasigniag pharmacies, locations, jobdascriprions and reimbursement policies for drugs and services. Pharmacy in the past two decades by adopting the clinical adjection, has attempted to offer and merge its services to patients via the medical stuctures. The success has been limited partly due to opposition from both the medical as well the pharmaceutical community. Despite obviously being better trained, experienced and equiped for assisting in pharmaco-tberapeuties than their medical and surgical colleagues, pbarmasists have not yet been able lo convince the public at large of their prime position. Without sacrificing their chemical, physical and technological knowledge and skills that prepares the pharmacist as an expert for individualised cx)mpounding and dispensing of patient's drugase, pharmacists require to adopt a number of competencias that allows them to act harmoniously, professionally in the medical environment with patients. These competencies are categodsed as:-pefformanco in daily practice: * patient consultation on medication history, current reasons for encounter and medical decision making in confident consensus with the physician, * intraspective prescrlption-surveillance, 9 individualising and dispensing medication, \" monitoring drug-utilisation,-educatioa and training: * support of prospective therapeutic decision making, 9 retrospective auditing and evaluation, * prescription formulary development,-r~ch and development: \" phar maco-cpidemiology, * technology assessment and costs containment, * diagnostic and therapeutic protocol development, 9 pharmacokinetic monitoring services, * mini-technology in medical supplies and pharmaccuties.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":1993,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Pharmacy World \u0026 Science","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":112008526},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/115663780/Abstracts_of_papers_and_posters_safe_handling_of_medicines","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2024-03-02T00:09:35.061-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":42249008,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":112008526,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/112008526/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"bf0187100520240302-1-kicmex.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/112008526/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Abstracts_of_papers_and_posters_safe_han.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/112008526/bf0187100520240302-1-kicmex-libre.pdf?1709368952=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DAbstracts_of_papers_and_posters_safe_han.pdf\u0026Expires=1742561787\u0026Signature=V2MCiRDbK4l9~~~0bxhFHMFPrc43F-pDuQpFiuY9iOR-U7fE9bybmnEik3n5iDPl7iKxakg75eP3sskyOsidKbuvUjeCCbFUxgrKoCgxFQJ5e9ccpA8ZOUrEtSIcZ4SougDU6UCyAmziz~21C65yhtUlKiLIaNPAiRE4MdNxnXXiXPhC-8Bbe50No4WbCTjjJ123VKQNwXGW5MoRgBAxggfNNps1S-h0AncShifJnz6-J3RZJ9b7Dt~ALH26pjBl8ArJPM5qBNH~6Yfz63WzgPtf4zFZAGDILwLsYNvSZnq33vEtx98luF5MpvxYp8MJGaX18-0ZRfc1d3Iptr4dLA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Abstracts_of_papers_and_posters_safe_handling_of_medicines","translated_slug":"","page_count":21,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","summary":"The presentation will briefly describe the present pharmaceutical education at German universities according to the law for education and licensure (Approbationsordnung for Apetheker, dated July 19, I989). These rules and regulations are mandatory for all schools of pharmacy in Germany. Clinical pharmacy is not yet included in the curriculum. Hospital pharmacists with a strong clinical pharmacy program convinced faculty members to bring practitioners back to the university to teach courses in clinical pharmacy. The development of such a project between the school of pharmacy at the Albert-Ludwigs-University at Freiburg im Breisgau and the department of pharmacy at the Karlsruhe Klinikum will be described. The aim is, to encourage more hospital pharmacists to cooperate with faculty in teaching undergraduate students. A strong point will be made, why it is essential that practitioners must teach courses in clinical pharmacy. Also a warning will be directed to them, only to teach, what they actually practice. The practitioner educators will be role models for faculty members and students alike. Existing difficulties must not be overlooked between basic research and applied clinical research. The research interests of pharmaceutical sciences teachers and practitioner educators are divers. Zentralapotheke St~dt. Klinikum Postfach 6280 76042 Karlsruhe Germany Knowledge, skills and attitude dcvctopmcnt in Clinical Pharmacy E. wan dcr Klcijn, PhD Michclangelodtraat 34, NL 1077 CC An~stcrdam Despite a history as h)ng as mankind and in contrast to common belief general and specialised medicine, recognised by their distinctive subcultural organisatious and licenses, do not exist for longer than about fourty years in their current appearances. They still show all the social characteristies of the medieval Guild-structure with its master-student relationships and tribal rituals. Pharmacy, the art ofcompoundins and disoeusin~, for quality reasons was divorced from medicine, its art of prescribing in the twelve's century with inherent professional and cultural consequences. The current fragmented heslthcare and-maintenance system has grown weary in terms of managerial, emotional as well as economic outcome and satisfaction. Redesigning healthcare from human needs, and demands-perspectives, provided the desired and available skills, knowledge and means at affordable or accepted expenditure requires new social and professional structures with a emphasis on collaboration among the various practitioners. These needs may require redasigniag pharmacies, locations, jobdascriprions and reimbursement policies for drugs and services. Pharmacy in the past two decades by adopting the clinical adjection, has attempted to offer and merge its services to patients via the medical stuctures. The success has been limited partly due to opposition from both the medical as well the pharmaceutical community. Despite obviously being better trained, experienced and equiped for assisting in pharmaco-tberapeuties than their medical and surgical colleagues, pbarmasists have not yet been able lo convince the public at large of their prime position. Without sacrificing their chemical, physical and technological knowledge and skills that prepares the pharmacist as an expert for individualised cx)mpounding and dispensing of patient's drugase, pharmacists require to adopt a number of competencias that allows them to act harmoniously, professionally in the medical environment with patients. These competencies are categodsed as:-pefformanco in daily practice: * patient consultation on medication history, current reasons for encounter and medical decision making in confident consensus with the physician, * intraspective prescrlption-surveillance, 9 individualising and dispensing medication, \" monitoring drug-utilisation,-educatioa and training: * support of prospective therapeutic decision making, 9 retrospective auditing and evaluation, * prescription formulary development,-r~ch and development: \" phar maco-cpidemiology, * technology assessment and costs containment, * diagnostic and therapeutic protocol development, 9 pharmacokinetic monitoring services, * mini-technology in medical supplies and pharmaccuties.","owner":{"id":42249008,"first_name":"Eeva","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Salo","page_name":"ESalo","domain_name":"helsinki","created_at":"2016-01-27T22:39:31.462-08:00","display_name":"Eeva Salo","url":"https://helsinki.academia.edu/ESalo"},"attachments":[{"id":112008526,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/112008526/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"bf0187100520240302-1-kicmex.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/112008526/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Abstracts_of_papers_and_posters_safe_han.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/112008526/bf0187100520240302-1-kicmex-libre.pdf?1709368952=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DAbstracts_of_papers_and_posters_safe_han.pdf\u0026Expires=1742561787\u0026Signature=V2MCiRDbK4l9~~~0bxhFHMFPrc43F-pDuQpFiuY9iOR-U7fE9bybmnEik3n5iDPl7iKxakg75eP3sskyOsidKbuvUjeCCbFUxgrKoCgxFQJ5e9ccpA8ZOUrEtSIcZ4SougDU6UCyAmziz~21C65yhtUlKiLIaNPAiRE4MdNxnXXiXPhC-8Bbe50No4WbCTjjJ123VKQNwXGW5MoRgBAxggfNNps1S-h0AncShifJnz6-J3RZJ9b7Dt~ALH26pjBl8ArJPM5qBNH~6Yfz63WzgPtf4zFZAGDILwLsYNvSZnq33vEtx98luF5MpvxYp8MJGaX18-0ZRfc1d3Iptr4dLA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":534,"name":"Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Law"},{"id":656,"name":"Pharmacy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmacy"},{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine"},{"id":104391,"name":"World History of Pharmacy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/World_History_of_Pharmacy"},{"id":144405,"name":"Strategic CSR","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Strategic_CSR"},{"id":3789884,"name":"Pharmacology and pharmaceutical sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmacology_and_pharmaceutical_sciences"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="115663779"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/115663779/IX_Eular_Workshop_for_Rheumatology_Research"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of IX Eular Workshop for Rheumatology Research" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/112008523/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/115663779/IX_Eular_Workshop_for_Rheumatology_Research">IX Eular Workshop for Rheumatology Research</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Clinical Rheumatology</span><span>, 1989</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">A.1. (oral) Collagen induced arthritis in mice : relationship between the specificity of anti-col...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">A.1. (oral) Collagen induced arthritis in mice : relationship between the specificity of anti-collagen antibodies and arthritis.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="4cb384e6b01841cd0be8a9950254920d" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":112008523,"asset_id":115663779,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/112008523/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="115663779"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="115663779"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 115663779; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=115663779]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=115663779]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 115663779; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='115663779']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "4cb384e6b01841cd0be8a9950254920d" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=115663779]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":115663779,"title":"IX Eular Workshop for Rheumatology Research","translated_title":"","metadata":{"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","grobid_abstract":"A.1. (oral) Collagen induced arthritis in mice : relationship between the specificity of anti-collagen antibodies and arthritis.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":1989,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Clinical Rheumatology","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":112008523},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/115663779/IX_Eular_Workshop_for_Rheumatology_Research","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2024-03-02T00:09:33.794-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":42249008,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":112008523,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/112008523/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"bf0203108320240302-1-lf88gi.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/112008523/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"IX_Eular_Workshop_for_Rheumatology_Resea.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/112008523/bf0203108320240302-1-lf88gi-libre.pdf?1709368963=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DIX_Eular_Workshop_for_Rheumatology_Resea.pdf\u0026Expires=1742561787\u0026Signature=dtzDN0ZkgNAf9QNxGvl3RSwAIhbnue4s43ogvK4igBWZ~1ONi3Ril3eF3ccrJaAucHrZHKX5XVVKO~sSS~f4Eg0vXJ5zY-gcAzD1xq4y-PJSjF8oS1h7NaqIaJp-7ngMS35~goHruegJsBZaO3QmD6Kme1pj3JdJhed7PAF~tNX~qcQm8YWfj8VSmIqbT8I36TDnEJKSHhsYIwW-BwecQVGV-2pqAtxmkUTzv4E3T5GnTK-zV0dOIEznPq2Id1p93pBN6hoJ2Jvzpp8W9DAlLXTBEs1xaWGaHEWSLJX-ZQpNgml9yPuYCmvh3CEEQE08PHYhdMSD0yv9t9JE117N8Q__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"IX_Eular_Workshop_for_Rheumatology_Research","translated_slug":"","page_count":55,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","summary":"A.1. (oral) Collagen induced arthritis in mice : relationship between the specificity of anti-collagen antibodies and arthritis.","owner":{"id":42249008,"first_name":"Eeva","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Salo","page_name":"ESalo","domain_name":"helsinki","created_at":"2016-01-27T22:39:31.462-08:00","display_name":"Eeva Salo","url":"https://helsinki.academia.edu/ESalo"},"attachments":[{"id":112008523,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/112008523/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"bf0203108320240302-1-lf88gi.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/112008523/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"IX_Eular_Workshop_for_Rheumatology_Resea.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/112008523/bf0203108320240302-1-lf88gi-libre.pdf?1709368963=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DIX_Eular_Workshop_for_Rheumatology_Resea.pdf\u0026Expires=1742561787\u0026Signature=dtzDN0ZkgNAf9QNxGvl3RSwAIhbnue4s43ogvK4igBWZ~1ONi3Ril3eF3ccrJaAucHrZHKX5XVVKO~sSS~f4Eg0vXJ5zY-gcAzD1xq4y-PJSjF8oS1h7NaqIaJp-7ngMS35~goHruegJsBZaO3QmD6Kme1pj3JdJhed7PAF~tNX~qcQm8YWfj8VSmIqbT8I36TDnEJKSHhsYIwW-BwecQVGV-2pqAtxmkUTzv4E3T5GnTK-zV0dOIEznPq2Id1p93pBN6hoJ2Jvzpp8W9DAlLXTBEs1xaWGaHEWSLJX-ZQpNgml9yPuYCmvh3CEEQE08PHYhdMSD0yv9t9JE117N8Q__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":645,"name":"Rheumatology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rheumatology"},{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine"},{"id":65390,"name":"Internal Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Internal_Medicine"},{"id":99708,"name":"Clinical","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical"},{"id":244814,"name":"Clinical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences"},{"id":1651351,"name":"CHARCAS DE BARNAS","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/CHARCAS_DE_BARNAS"}],"urls":[{"id":39953684,"url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/BF02031083.pdf"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="115663755"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/115663755/_A_lump_in_a_childs_neck_"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of [A lump in a child's neck]" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title">[A lump in a child's neck]</div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Duodecim; lääketieteellinen aikakauskirja</span><span>, 2001</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="115663755"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="115663755"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 115663755; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=115663755]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=115663755]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 115663755; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='115663755']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=115663755]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":115663755,"title":"[A lump in a child's neck]","translated_title":"","metadata":{"publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2001,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Duodecim; lääketieteellinen aikakauskirja"},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/115663755/_A_lump_in_a_childs_neck_","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2024-03-02T00:08:55.245-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":42249008,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"_A_lump_in_a_childs_neck_","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","summary":null,"owner":{"id":42249008,"first_name":"Eeva","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Salo","page_name":"ESalo","domain_name":"helsinki","created_at":"2016-01-27T22:39:31.462-08:00","display_name":"Eeva Salo","url":"https://helsinki.academia.edu/ESalo"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine"},{"id":98939,"name":"Pubmed","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pubmed"},{"id":134346,"name":"Infant","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Infant"},{"id":387144,"name":"Fever","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fever"},{"id":847988,"name":"Neck","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neck"},{"id":1195615,"name":"Lymphatic Diseases","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lymphatic_Diseases"},{"id":2216746,"name":"Tularemia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tularemia"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="108245030"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/108245030/Finnish_guidelines_for_the_treatment_of_laryngitis_wheezing_bronchitis_and_bronchiolitis_in_children"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Finnish guidelines for the treatment of laryngitis, wheezing bronchitis and bronchiolitis in children" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/106678335/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/108245030/Finnish_guidelines_for_the_treatment_of_laryngitis_wheezing_bronchitis_and_bronchiolitis_in_children">Finnish guidelines for the treatment of laryngitis, wheezing bronchitis and bronchiolitis in children</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Acta Paediatrica</span><span>, Nov 6, 2015</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Evidence-based guidelines are needed to harmonise and improve the diagnostics and treatment of ch...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Evidence-based guidelines are needed to harmonise and improve the diagnostics and treatment of children's lower respiratory tract infections. Following a professional literature search, an interdisciplinary working group evaluated and graded the available evidence and constructed guidelines for treating laryngitis, bronchitis, wheezing bronchitis and bronchiolitis. Conclusion: Currently available drugs were not effective in relieving cough symptoms. Salbutamol inhalations could relieve the symptoms of wheezing bronchitis and should be administered via a holding chamber. Nebulised adrenaline or inhaled or oral glucocorticoids did not reduce hospitalisation rates or relieve symptoms in infants with bronchiolitis and should not be routinely used.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="17aac2f61d3e1c34639a1ae8b0339224" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":106678335,"asset_id":108245030,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/106678335/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="108245030"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="108245030"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 108245030; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=108245030]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=108245030]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 108245030; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='108245030']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "17aac2f61d3e1c34639a1ae8b0339224" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=108245030]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":108245030,"title":"Finnish guidelines for the treatment of laryngitis, wheezing bronchitis and bronchiolitis in children","translated_title":"","metadata":{"publisher":"Wiley-Blackwell","grobid_abstract":"Evidence-based guidelines are needed to harmonise and improve the diagnostics and treatment of children's lower respiratory tract infections. Following a professional literature search, an interdisciplinary working group evaluated and graded the available evidence and constructed guidelines for treating laryngitis, bronchitis, wheezing bronchitis and bronchiolitis. Conclusion: Currently available drugs were not effective in relieving cough symptoms. Salbutamol inhalations could relieve the symptoms of wheezing bronchitis and should be administered via a holding chamber. Nebulised adrenaline or inhaled or oral glucocorticoids did not reduce hospitalisation rates or relieve symptoms in infants with bronchiolitis and should not be routinely used.","publication_date":{"day":6,"month":11,"year":2015,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Acta Paediatrica","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":106678335},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/108245030/Finnish_guidelines_for_the_treatment_of_laryngitis_wheezing_bronchitis_and_bronchiolitis_in_children","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2023-10-17T00:07:06.293-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":42249008,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":106678335,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/106678335/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"apa.1316220231017-1-m2iq7u.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/106678335/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Finnish_guidelines_for_the_treatment_of.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/106678335/apa.1316220231017-1-m2iq7u-libre.pdf?1697526721=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DFinnish_guidelines_for_the_treatment_of.pdf\u0026Expires=1742561787\u0026Signature=Ai52CidDkbTbqdqIypagb4tgsAYbXmhX5419cKxyPcQVHRr40cSeUhOptP67WXoPP9DO53Fza-3Z6ewRknTvZqVnUM0oW4tPVI2mVPhnqJVgkUtjuuEkAFdLzJQJHXd6IrYweyzhK72oTAYp5mxjCRJyI3vMH3IXcov0x1fOf6WL2hAB6FpvNyVb6CrBHwchog3VCJS~j4DfrbLtftP56KGU7QJdV06pqjzhR6ctzjxE1ODAmHejlZkvt2rcZ7SRP09Pe~0I8B3UpBuzCthm8Mvc3QXG66M1dQD9mEAKSB~WvSQ-UjkWZnvn-JDfkLCX~oqzm-UqMaqd3WPY3zpARQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Finnish_guidelines_for_the_treatment_of_laryngitis_wheezing_bronchitis_and_bronchiolitis_in_children","translated_slug":"","page_count":6,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","summary":"Evidence-based guidelines are needed to harmonise and improve the diagnostics and treatment of children's lower respiratory tract infections. Following a professional literature search, an interdisciplinary working group evaluated and graded the available evidence and constructed guidelines for treating laryngitis, bronchitis, wheezing bronchitis and bronchiolitis. Conclusion: Currently available drugs were not effective in relieving cough symptoms. Salbutamol inhalations could relieve the symptoms of wheezing bronchitis and should be administered via a holding chamber. Nebulised adrenaline or inhaled or oral glucocorticoids did not reduce hospitalisation rates or relieve symptoms in infants with bronchiolitis and should not be routinely used.","owner":{"id":42249008,"first_name":"Eeva","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Salo","page_name":"ESalo","domain_name":"helsinki","created_at":"2016-01-27T22:39:31.462-08:00","display_name":"Eeva Salo","url":"https://helsinki.academia.edu/ESalo"},"attachments":[{"id":106678335,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/106678335/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"apa.1316220231017-1-m2iq7u.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/106678335/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Finnish_guidelines_for_the_treatment_of.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/106678335/apa.1316220231017-1-m2iq7u-libre.pdf?1697526721=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DFinnish_guidelines_for_the_treatment_of.pdf\u0026Expires=1742561787\u0026Signature=Ai52CidDkbTbqdqIypagb4tgsAYbXmhX5419cKxyPcQVHRr40cSeUhOptP67WXoPP9DO53Fza-3Z6ewRknTvZqVnUM0oW4tPVI2mVPhnqJVgkUtjuuEkAFdLzJQJHXd6IrYweyzhK72oTAYp5mxjCRJyI3vMH3IXcov0x1fOf6WL2hAB6FpvNyVb6CrBHwchog3VCJS~j4DfrbLtftP56KGU7QJdV06pqjzhR6ctzjxE1ODAmHejlZkvt2rcZ7SRP09Pe~0I8B3UpBuzCthm8Mvc3QXG66M1dQD9mEAKSB~WvSQ-UjkWZnvn-JDfkLCX~oqzm-UqMaqd3WPY3zpARQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine"},{"id":46676,"name":"Finland","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Finland"},{"id":64933,"name":"Child","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child"},{"id":96213,"name":"Hospitalization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hospitalization"},{"id":134346,"name":"Infant","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Infant"},{"id":204350,"name":"Anti-inflammatory agents","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anti-inflammatory_agents"},{"id":335984,"name":"Anti-Bacterial Agents","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anti-Bacterial_Agents"},{"id":463782,"name":"Bronchitis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bronchitis"},{"id":529631,"name":"Bronchiolitis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bronchiolitis"},{"id":572282,"name":"Combination drug therapy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Combination_drug_therapy"},{"id":2567667,"name":"Laryngitis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Laryngitis"},{"id":3108878,"name":"Albuterol","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Albuterol"},{"id":3539064,"name":"Adrenal cortex hormones","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adrenal_cortex_hormones"},{"id":3625163,"name":"Salbutamol","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Salbutamol"},{"id":3789883,"name":"Paediatrics and reproductive medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paediatrics_and_reproductive_medicine"},{"id":4101425,"name":"Bronchodilator agents","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bronchodilator_agents"}],"urls":[{"id":34783638,"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/apa.13162"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="108245028"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/108245028/Paediatric_tuberculosis_during_universal_and_selective_Bacillus_Calmette_Gu%C3%A9rin_vaccination_policy_a_nationwide_population_based_retrospective_study_Finland_1995_2015"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Paediatric tuberculosis during universal and selective Bacillus Calmette–Guérin vaccination policy: a nationwide population-based retrospective study, Finland, 1995–2015" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/106678251/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/108245028/Paediatric_tuberculosis_during_universal_and_selective_Bacillus_Calmette_Gu%C3%A9rin_vaccination_policy_a_nationwide_population_based_retrospective_study_Finland_1995_2015">Paediatric tuberculosis during universal and selective Bacillus Calmette–Guérin vaccination policy: a nationwide population-based retrospective study, Finland, 1995–2015</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Eurosurveillance</span><span>, Mar 18, 2021</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">In 2006, the Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination policy in Finland changed from universal ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">In 2006, the Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination policy in Finland changed from universal to selective. Aim: We assessed the impact of the policy change on tuberculosis (TB) morbidity in children under 5 years and epidemiological trends of paediatric TB in Finland. Methods: We conducted a nationwide, population-based, retrospective registry study of all newly diagnosed active TB cases younger than 15 years in Finland from 1995 to 2015 by linking data from the National Infectious Diseases Register, Finnish Care Register for Health Care, medical patient records and Finnish Population Information System. We compared the TB incidence rate ratio of under 5 year-olds with universal and selective BCG vaccinations with a Poisson log-linear model and analysed incidence trends among those younger than 15 years with a negative binomial model. Results: We identified 139 paediatric TB cases: 50 native (including 24 second-generation migrants) and 89 foreign-born children. The TB rate of under 5 year-olds remained stable after changing to selective BCG vaccination (incidence rate ratio (IRR): 1.3; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.7-2.3). TB rate in the native population under 15 years increased slightly (IRR = 1.06; 95% CI: 1.01-1.11). Discussion: Paediatric TB cases in Finland were concentrated in families with migrant background from high-TB incidence countries. The native TB morbidity in under 5-year-olds did not increase after the BCG policy revision, suggesting that selective vaccinations can prevent TB in the most vulnerable age group in low-incidence settings. Second-generation migrants under 15 years in Finland with high TB risk are probably increasing.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="1fe8dc540622c809bc26a2d7c8905b14" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":106678251,"asset_id":108245028,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/106678251/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="108245028"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="108245028"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 108245028; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=108245028]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=108245028]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 108245028; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='108245028']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "1fe8dc540622c809bc26a2d7c8905b14" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=108245028]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":108245028,"title":"Paediatric tuberculosis during universal and selective Bacillus Calmette–Guérin vaccination policy: a nationwide population-based retrospective study, Finland, 1995–2015","translated_title":"","metadata":{"publisher":"European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control","ai_title_tag":"Impact of BCG Policy on Paediatric TB in Finland","grobid_abstract":"In 2006, the Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination policy in Finland changed from universal to selective. Aim: We assessed the impact of the policy change on tuberculosis (TB) morbidity in children under 5 years and epidemiological trends of paediatric TB in Finland. Methods: We conducted a nationwide, population-based, retrospective registry study of all newly diagnosed active TB cases younger than 15 years in Finland from 1995 to 2015 by linking data from the National Infectious Diseases Register, Finnish Care Register for Health Care, medical patient records and Finnish Population Information System. We compared the TB incidence rate ratio of under 5 year-olds with universal and selective BCG vaccinations with a Poisson log-linear model and analysed incidence trends among those younger than 15 years with a negative binomial model. Results: We identified 139 paediatric TB cases: 50 native (including 24 second-generation migrants) and 89 foreign-born children. The TB rate of under 5 year-olds remained stable after changing to selective BCG vaccination (incidence rate ratio (IRR): 1.3; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.7-2.3). TB rate in the native population under 15 years increased slightly (IRR = 1.06; 95% CI: 1.01-1.11). Discussion: Paediatric TB cases in Finland were concentrated in families with migrant background from high-TB incidence countries. The native TB morbidity in under 5-year-olds did not increase after the BCG policy revision, suggesting that selective vaccinations can prevent TB in the most vulnerable age group in low-incidence settings. Second-generation migrants under 15 years in Finland with high TB risk are probably increasing.","publication_date":{"day":18,"month":3,"year":2021,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Eurosurveillance","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":106678251},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/108245028/Paediatric_tuberculosis_during_universal_and_selective_Bacillus_Calmette_Gu%C3%A9rin_vaccination_policy_a_nationwide_population_based_retrospective_study_Finland_1995_2015","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2023-10-17T00:07:05.887-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":42249008,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":106678251,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/106678251/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"eurosurv-26-11-3.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/106678251/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Paediatric_tuberculosis_during_universal.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/106678251/eurosurv-26-11-3-libre.pdf?1697526729=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DPaediatric_tuberculosis_during_universal.pdf\u0026Expires=1742561787\u0026Signature=IVRHrKPb4qjz352Dg2e1i8mRHV06ONUlBb7XwiL6PjB~El6LiwCU16iCYOzjtAT3IrqXcG-axQ8PyDiESrCwFScw5ThnpgRFWDES99EgR4ZFbnVUvhmhgFCF2qWQ60RkBxnwVP8rJgrYTJYooKxH04WpGBiqnUch8zlwBgWOGoOtm8-cTDAf~oGuHTjfEq9FbIPliIYtjQPAT47OcP72FUVfVrCOGMKV8Pu6NAV3tZqmBY5q9BlHaeghaV9W7bUMomw7i7PmyPfhD0gCnO~uL6hy6JzYBmbEVBSY28Lpr7J~D6-f428D7-1uWCAubH7iifbJBEYpxoj0ZHEwPyhYsg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Paediatric_tuberculosis_during_universal_and_selective_Bacillus_Calmette_Guérin_vaccination_policy_a_nationwide_population_based_retrospective_study_Finland_1995_2015","translated_slug":"","page_count":10,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","summary":"In 2006, the Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination policy in Finland changed from universal to selective. Aim: We assessed the impact of the policy change on tuberculosis (TB) morbidity in children under 5 years and epidemiological trends of paediatric TB in Finland. Methods: We conducted a nationwide, population-based, retrospective registry study of all newly diagnosed active TB cases younger than 15 years in Finland from 1995 to 2015 by linking data from the National Infectious Diseases Register, Finnish Care Register for Health Care, medical patient records and Finnish Population Information System. We compared the TB incidence rate ratio of under 5 year-olds with universal and selective BCG vaccinations with a Poisson log-linear model and analysed incidence trends among those younger than 15 years with a negative binomial model. Results: We identified 139 paediatric TB cases: 50 native (including 24 second-generation migrants) and 89 foreign-born children. The TB rate of under 5 year-olds remained stable after changing to selective BCG vaccination (incidence rate ratio (IRR): 1.3; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.7-2.3). TB rate in the native population under 15 years increased slightly (IRR = 1.06; 95% CI: 1.01-1.11). Discussion: Paediatric TB cases in Finland were concentrated in families with migrant background from high-TB incidence countries. The native TB morbidity in under 5-year-olds did not increase after the BCG policy revision, suggesting that selective vaccinations can prevent TB in the most vulnerable age group in low-incidence settings. Second-generation migrants under 15 years in Finland with high TB risk are probably increasing.","owner":{"id":42249008,"first_name":"Eeva","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Salo","page_name":"ESalo","domain_name":"helsinki","created_at":"2016-01-27T22:39:31.462-08:00","display_name":"Eeva Salo","url":"https://helsinki.academia.edu/ESalo"},"attachments":[{"id":106678251,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/106678251/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"eurosurv-26-11-3.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/106678251/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Paediatric_tuberculosis_during_universal.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/106678251/eurosurv-26-11-3-libre.pdf?1697526729=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DPaediatric_tuberculosis_during_universal.pdf\u0026Expires=1742561787\u0026Signature=IVRHrKPb4qjz352Dg2e1i8mRHV06ONUlBb7XwiL6PjB~El6LiwCU16iCYOzjtAT3IrqXcG-axQ8PyDiESrCwFScw5ThnpgRFWDES99EgR4ZFbnVUvhmhgFCF2qWQ60RkBxnwVP8rJgrYTJYooKxH04WpGBiqnUch8zlwBgWOGoOtm8-cTDAf~oGuHTjfEq9FbIPliIYtjQPAT47OcP72FUVfVrCOGMKV8Pu6NAV3tZqmBY5q9BlHaeghaV9W7bUMomw7i7PmyPfhD0gCnO~uL6hy6JzYBmbEVBSY28Lpr7J~D6-f428D7-1uWCAubH7iifbJBEYpxoj0ZHEwPyhYsg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"},{"id":106678252,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/106678252/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"eurosurv-26-11-3.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/106678252/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Paediatric_tuberculosis_during_universal.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/106678252/eurosurv-26-11-3-libre.pdf?1697526730=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DPaediatric_tuberculosis_during_universal.pdf\u0026Expires=1742561787\u0026Signature=V4bYD0hoqx4xk6cK9foXN7Q5YnEXkvsDH1vHb~EBnBW2-7kXBGkV0OHquO2qGKRKhIIvLNrwDWxbEOp8m9eTNYn4aWrLqaJPEldv9NJNjpZLiHJg8-ptBRT6oN1djGWr9LkxSsNKZwMI3VJCLieVIY6Zhtq83mhiGFlXxTKtUIobgKWb-Q5xZxLMsgpmG3s96DOQ-FFOr3SpRySNlFi6HN8~Hkn~v0F-VUUVqXrS4V4-7~ymgDtdZBBA~SrD6qCdLsMCnycL3e-OBtXRa995nDGYPZwI9lKtkYENkS7sLjmbGn1wCg8WUJEPFRi0LuqkX05Am-7ZtswaYbftoWxp3A__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":631,"name":"Pediatrics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pediatrics"},{"id":1085,"name":"Epidemiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Epidemiology"},{"id":5500,"name":"Incidence Geometry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Incidence_Geometry"},{"id":8207,"name":"Risk","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk"},{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine"},{"id":54533,"name":"Children","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Children"},{"id":62235,"name":"Tuberculosis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tuberculosis"},{"id":64336,"name":"Population","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Population"},{"id":99587,"name":"Cost","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cost"},{"id":136892,"name":"Immunization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immunization"},{"id":179934,"name":"Vaccination","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vaccination"},{"id":405156,"name":"Coverage","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Coverage"},{"id":803390,"name":"Bcg Vaccination","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bcg_Vaccination"},{"id":999668,"name":"Completeness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Completeness"},{"id":2850206,"name":"wos","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/wos"}],"urls":[{"id":34783636,"url":"https://www.eurosurveillance.org/deliver/fulltext/eurosurveillance/26/11/eurosurv-26-11-3.pdf?itemId=/content/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2021.26.11.1900711\u0026mimeType=pdf\u0026containerItemId=content/eurosurveillance"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="108245026"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/108245026/Finnish_guidelines_for_the_treatment_of_community_acquired_pneumonia_and_pertussis_in_children"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Finnish guidelines for the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia and pertussis in children" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/106678333/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/108245026/Finnish_guidelines_for_the_treatment_of_community_acquired_pneumonia_and_pertussis_in_children">Finnish guidelines for the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia and pertussis in children</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Acta Paediatrica</span><span>, Nov 16, 2015</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Evidence-based guidelines are needed to harmonise and improve the diagnostics and treatment of ch...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Evidence-based guidelines are needed to harmonise and improve the diagnostics and treatment of children's lower respiratory tract infections. Following a professional literature search, an interdisciplinary working group evaluated and graded the available evidence and constructed guidelines for the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia and pertussis. Conclusion: The clinical guidelines state that chest radiography is not needed if the child is diagnosed with pneumonia and treated at home. Complications should be considered if there is no improvement after antimicrobial therapy and a paroxysmal cough can indicate pertussis, which is life-threatening in unvaccinated infants and can lead to respiratory failure.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="f099968bed4aff4756236659ac497a28" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":106678333,"asset_id":108245026,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/106678333/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="108245026"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="108245026"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 108245026; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=108245026]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=108245026]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 108245026; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='108245026']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "f099968bed4aff4756236659ac497a28" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=108245026]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":108245026,"title":"Finnish guidelines for the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia and pertussis in children","translated_title":"","metadata":{"publisher":"Wiley-Blackwell","ai_title_tag":"Guidelines for Pediatric Pneumonia and Pertussis","grobid_abstract":"Evidence-based guidelines are needed to harmonise and improve the diagnostics and treatment of children's lower respiratory tract infections. Following a professional literature search, an interdisciplinary working group evaluated and graded the available evidence and constructed guidelines for the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia and pertussis. Conclusion: The clinical guidelines state that chest radiography is not needed if the child is diagnosed with pneumonia and treated at home. Complications should be considered if there is no improvement after antimicrobial therapy and a paroxysmal cough can indicate pertussis, which is life-threatening in unvaccinated infants and can lead to respiratory failure.","publication_date":{"day":16,"month":11,"year":2015,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Acta Paediatrica","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":106678333},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/108245026/Finnish_guidelines_for_the_treatment_of_community_acquired_pneumonia_and_pertussis_in_children","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2023-10-17T00:07:05.412-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":42249008,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":106678333,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/106678333/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"apa.1317720231017-1-mmbss3.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/106678333/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Finnish_guidelines_for_the_treatment_of.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/106678333/apa.1317720231017-1-mmbss3-libre.pdf?1697526722=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DFinnish_guidelines_for_the_treatment_of.pdf\u0026Expires=1742561787\u0026Signature=DjMj2tcn5qlg1Lc4fpW0B3ijZb9IzKUqGSKL-K9xTxpZhawVGw7caNABP8A-PXUcM0sj~6FmH1dEM1~TjhhLUC39BScPx6EmwqKKtIULZxr5OsAGWr0tzgAcyyn0pxsrnimukR-EwUr~7aqymW4eWm8k08022Ma0Yfj~jKX1wx0OfdFDmdZRxnzoujkI0ISjoRNVFjZlMlc~Beujatm~5-3tBMMMitTzp7SJM129eF0TQRVd27qg8A1dQjAHAlR~i9mOlUZLsYNan-oM2EFK5fcoQrHvr5-7fp92oPUG9UTjs6mEBk33kRLfo7wgpgZX2JV-xLKqk2F8EXbPvt-svA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Finnish_guidelines_for_the_treatment_of_community_acquired_pneumonia_and_pertussis_in_children","translated_slug":"","page_count":5,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","summary":"Evidence-based guidelines are needed to harmonise and improve the diagnostics and treatment of children's lower respiratory tract infections. Following a professional literature search, an interdisciplinary working group evaluated and graded the available evidence and constructed guidelines for the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia and pertussis. Conclusion: The clinical guidelines state that chest radiography is not needed if the child is diagnosed with pneumonia and treated at home. Complications should be considered if there is no improvement after antimicrobial therapy and a paroxysmal cough can indicate pertussis, which is life-threatening in unvaccinated infants and can lead to respiratory failure.","owner":{"id":42249008,"first_name":"Eeva","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Salo","page_name":"ESalo","domain_name":"helsinki","created_at":"2016-01-27T22:39:31.462-08:00","display_name":"Eeva Salo","url":"https://helsinki.academia.edu/ESalo"},"attachments":[{"id":106678333,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/106678333/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"apa.1317720231017-1-mmbss3.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/106678333/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Finnish_guidelines_for_the_treatment_of.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/106678333/apa.1317720231017-1-mmbss3-libre.pdf?1697526722=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DFinnish_guidelines_for_the_treatment_of.pdf\u0026Expires=1742561787\u0026Signature=DjMj2tcn5qlg1Lc4fpW0B3ijZb9IzKUqGSKL-K9xTxpZhawVGw7caNABP8A-PXUcM0sj~6FmH1dEM1~TjhhLUC39BScPx6EmwqKKtIULZxr5OsAGWr0tzgAcyyn0pxsrnimukR-EwUr~7aqymW4eWm8k08022Ma0Yfj~jKX1wx0OfdFDmdZRxnzoujkI0ISjoRNVFjZlMlc~Beujatm~5-3tBMMMitTzp7SJM129eF0TQRVd27qg8A1dQjAHAlR~i9mOlUZLsYNan-oM2EFK5fcoQrHvr5-7fp92oPUG9UTjs6mEBk33kRLfo7wgpgZX2JV-xLKqk2F8EXbPvt-svA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":631,"name":"Pediatrics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pediatrics"},{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine"},{"id":46676,"name":"Finland","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Finland"},{"id":64933,"name":"Child","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child"},{"id":111112,"name":"Pneumonia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pneumonia"},{"id":134346,"name":"Infant","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Infant"},{"id":568312,"name":"Intensive Care Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Intensive_Care_Medicine"},{"id":1490453,"name":"Whooping Cough","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Whooping_Cough"},{"id":2463779,"name":"Combined Modality Therapy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Combined_Modality_Therapy"},{"id":3789883,"name":"Paediatrics and reproductive medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paediatrics_and_reproductive_medicine"}],"urls":[{"id":34783634,"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/apa.13177"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="108245025"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/108245025/Evaluation_of_the_filter_paper_IP_10_tests_in_school_children_after_exposure_to_tuberculosis_a_prospective_cohort_study_with_a_4_year_follow_up"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Evaluation of the filter paper IP-10 tests in school children after exposure to tuberculosis: a prospective cohort study with a 4-year follow-up" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/106678248/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/108245025/Evaluation_of_the_filter_paper_IP_10_tests_in_school_children_after_exposure_to_tuberculosis_a_prospective_cohort_study_with_a_4_year_follow_up">Evaluation of the filter paper IP-10 tests in school children after exposure to tuberculosis: a prospective cohort study with a 4-year follow-up</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>BMJ Open</span><span>, 2012</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Evaluation of the filter paper IP-10 tests in school children after exposure to tuberculosis: a p...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Evaluation of the filter paper IP-10 tests in school children after exposure to tuberculosis: a prospective cohort study with a 4-year follow-up. BMJ Open 2012;2:e001751.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="41dce92609b44cd353c708b975a97a83" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":106678248,"asset_id":108245025,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/106678248/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="108245025"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="108245025"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 108245025; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=108245025]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=108245025]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 108245025; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='108245025']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "41dce92609b44cd353c708b975a97a83" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=108245025]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":108245025,"title":"Evaluation of the filter paper IP-10 tests in school children after exposure to tuberculosis: a prospective cohort study with a 4-year follow-up","translated_title":"","metadata":{"publisher":"BMJ","ai_title_tag":"IP-10 Test Evaluation in TB-Exposed Children","grobid_abstract":"Evaluation of the filter paper IP-10 tests in school children after exposure to tuberculosis: a prospective cohort study with a 4-year follow-up. BMJ Open 2012;2:e001751.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2012,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"BMJ Open","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":106678247},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/108245025/Evaluation_of_the_filter_paper_IP_10_tests_in_school_children_after_exposure_to_tuberculosis_a_prospective_cohort_study_with_a_4_year_follow_up","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2023-10-17T00:07:04.782-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":42249008,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":106678248,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/106678248/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"e001751.full.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/106678248/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Evaluation_of_the_filter_paper_IP_10_tes.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/106678248/e001751.full-libre.pdf?1697526728=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DEvaluation_of_the_filter_paper_IP_10_tes.pdf\u0026Expires=1742561787\u0026Signature=SZAjc1-3ern2oId1J5h2qferLBXnImJJxV0duYW1vo2qgZVFu8adSPP9pHwkjpxcgsARdn07B6ov5~iO1juTtMH~WnM~vKfM2sS1iZFAxDAHCpzindLSBtVxeAog935ToeE62OUuLWvymTGLuBuw3pFFo9ziD2jxQDFQa0dVQUwq0xhXwOZhXpgU7n~kt~c7zYfjo~jMuplDXsfZj~mlTvep5zTzzjOl5jzcOqw~BxCQTDZhS-3eZvAY4UVG5AHll2JkaAWOHqxNJJf7cudk4ed~-~Fa1uwrb6wguy8paew2wgYwPsYEu~bqERIkEQ2jIEIfAn5MGW76BipVkZKZsQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Evaluation_of_the_filter_paper_IP_10_tests_in_school_children_after_exposure_to_tuberculosis_a_prospective_cohort_study_with_a_4_year_follow_up","translated_slug":"","page_count":6,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","summary":"Evaluation of the filter paper IP-10 tests in school children after exposure to tuberculosis: a prospective cohort study with a 4-year follow-up. BMJ Open 2012;2:e001751.","owner":{"id":42249008,"first_name":"Eeva","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Salo","page_name":"ESalo","domain_name":"helsinki","created_at":"2016-01-27T22:39:31.462-08:00","display_name":"Eeva Salo","url":"https://helsinki.academia.edu/ESalo"},"attachments":[{"id":106678248,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/106678248/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"e001751.full.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/106678248/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Evaluation_of_the_filter_paper_IP_10_tes.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/106678248/e001751.full-libre.pdf?1697526728=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DEvaluation_of_the_filter_paper_IP_10_tes.pdf\u0026Expires=1742561787\u0026Signature=SZAjc1-3ern2oId1J5h2qferLBXnImJJxV0duYW1vo2qgZVFu8adSPP9pHwkjpxcgsARdn07B6ov5~iO1juTtMH~WnM~vKfM2sS1iZFAxDAHCpzindLSBtVxeAog935ToeE62OUuLWvymTGLuBuw3pFFo9ziD2jxQDFQa0dVQUwq0xhXwOZhXpgU7n~kt~c7zYfjo~jMuplDXsfZj~mlTvep5zTzzjOl5jzcOqw~BxCQTDZhS-3eZvAY4UVG5AHll2JkaAWOHqxNJJf7cudk4ed~-~Fa1uwrb6wguy8paew2wgYwPsYEu~bqERIkEQ2jIEIfAn5MGW76BipVkZKZsQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"},{"id":106678247,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/106678247/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"e001751.full.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/106678247/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Evaluation_of_the_filter_paper_IP_10_tes.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/106678247/e001751.full-libre.pdf?1697526730=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DEvaluation_of_the_filter_paper_IP_10_tes.pdf\u0026Expires=1742561787\u0026Signature=Ce6f0j-JQpx17ZjJJOTz5hq8NT7dUUf5w~~yr391FF-1gle2RhtEPfsW7rpCkAREiJGTtdi5~jRopADzG7RKTmo9t3bjmMXu57aLa8kraiCda1ozCH4VohjeXlMr4cSxhpU4oREOntpE5P3lqu-KsMWk1G4OBRwlsW6Jir33~PUgCngpO0YIYyYwknDp78ae3u3C60FoaNex8Id-JfCXYMx7hz9o9aK8cL4B-IsKW3IV-ge7MlbX4Iwfg4vAg~Ss5gp5-QhPrOv04c6SOYrwMfQPFerNZXO5iVtt-nKyq3twsGGnkMRduZBS6tCUiutbLRyGol1MMJ3O7~SWDVQo6A__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1066,"name":"Biomedicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biomedicine"},{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine"},{"id":62235,"name":"Tuberculosis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tuberculosis"},{"id":68318,"name":"Mycobacterium tuberculosis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mycobacterium_tuberculosis"},{"id":102839,"name":"Diagnosis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Diagnosis"},{"id":109739,"name":"Infection","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Infection"},{"id":190203,"name":"Cohort","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cohort"},{"id":337085,"name":"Concordance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Concordance"},{"id":922267,"name":"Asymptomatic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Asymptomatic"},{"id":2717351,"name":"Prospective Cohort Study","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prospective_Cohort_Study"}],"urls":[{"id":34783632,"url":"https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/bmjopen/2/6/e001751.full.pdf"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="108245023"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/108245023/Randomised_double_blind_trial_of_hypotonic_oral_rehydration_solutions_with_and_without_citrate"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Randomised double blind trial of hypotonic oral rehydration solutions with and without citrate" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/106678245/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/108245023/Randomised_double_blind_trial_of_hypotonic_oral_rehydration_solutions_with_and_without_citrate">Randomised double blind trial of hypotonic oral rehydration solutions with and without citrate</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Archives of Disease in Childhood</span><span>, 1994</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Hypotonic oral rehydration salts solutions (ORS) have been proved to be better than isotonic solu...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Hypotonic oral rehydration salts solutions (ORS) have been proved to be better than isotonic solutions with respect to water absorption. To establish whether a base precursor is essential in the composition of a hypotonic ORS with improved absorption properties, a randomised double blind clinical trial was conducted comparing two formulas of hypotonic ORS, each with an osmolality of 224 mmol/l, with or without citrate, in a group of 107 children admitted to hospital with acute diarrhoea. The two solutions were effective in the correction of dehydration and there was no difference between the treatments in the duration of diarrhoea. The patients receiving the hypotonic ORS with citrate consumed less of the solution, however, and their metabolic acidosis was corrected earlier. It is concluded that citrate is clinically advantageous in a hypotonic ORS, but a hypotonic formula without a base precursor is also effective.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="a3aa4cc00001c83a85f16f8788509d46" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":106678245,"asset_id":108245023,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/106678245/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="108245023"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="108245023"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 108245023; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=108245023]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=108245023]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 108245023; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='108245023']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "a3aa4cc00001c83a85f16f8788509d46" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=108245023]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":108245023,"title":"Randomised double blind trial of hypotonic oral rehydration solutions with and without citrate","translated_title":"","metadata":{"publisher":"BMJ","grobid_abstract":"Hypotonic oral rehydration salts solutions (ORS) have been proved to be better than isotonic solutions with respect to water absorption. To establish whether a base precursor is essential in the composition of a hypotonic ORS with improved absorption properties, a randomised double blind clinical trial was conducted comparing two formulas of hypotonic ORS, each with an osmolality of 224 mmol/l, with or without citrate, in a group of 107 children admitted to hospital with acute diarrhoea. The two solutions were effective in the correction of dehydration and there was no difference between the treatments in the duration of diarrhoea. The patients receiving the hypotonic ORS with citrate consumed less of the solution, however, and their metabolic acidosis was corrected earlier. It is concluded that citrate is clinically advantageous in a hypotonic ORS, but a hypotonic formula without a base precursor is also effective.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":1994,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Archives of Disease in Childhood","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":106678246},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/108245023/Randomised_double_blind_trial_of_hypotonic_oral_rehydration_solutions_with_and_without_citrate","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2023-10-17T00:07:03.882-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":42249008,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":106678245,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/106678245/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"44.full.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/106678245/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Randomised_double_blind_trial_of_hypoton.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/106678245/44.full-libre.pdf?1697526726=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DRandomised_double_blind_trial_of_hypoton.pdf\u0026Expires=1742561787\u0026Signature=U3ZWzDOlCSKgc3r~bbzZ4MZ-XWhFjkeIm~03e~r1O-jD25arqimG1AhYNTPf0kmpkYRy7kBITm4kFx0VSIKXCA2Mtnk0k0Czt7ttDMEIzZqI2ZcuNZDfMTRZdtkDIdlBbgGxlp4lv7M3DvgObKVVOyw~CVrTTCFQILiDRmfjsU5fFuWfB0Sr3Ctvdp6Dz83gvop2O0~jSnYfDAAydwUfcMFwsIkCqmzK-jVB3dTwpQSSMzM88NPniPC9mTRFfw2EehNBCiMS4ipYdNO6jFb~2fpU7qK0-pRggGX96qMAFLzL4KehvYIF-Q5yYNhIWmu85Np59WO~6nAcnPNxTnRFBg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Randomised_double_blind_trial_of_hypotonic_oral_rehydration_solutions_with_and_without_citrate","translated_slug":"","page_count":3,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","summary":"Hypotonic oral rehydration salts solutions (ORS) have been proved to be better than isotonic solutions with respect to water absorption. To establish whether a base precursor is essential in the composition of a hypotonic ORS with improved absorption properties, a randomised double blind clinical trial was conducted comparing two formulas of hypotonic ORS, each with an osmolality of 224 mmol/l, with or without citrate, in a group of 107 children admitted to hospital with acute diarrhoea. The two solutions were effective in the correction of dehydration and there was no difference between the treatments in the duration of diarrhoea. The patients receiving the hypotonic ORS with citrate consumed less of the solution, however, and their metabolic acidosis was corrected earlier. It is concluded that citrate is clinically advantageous in a hypotonic ORS, but a hypotonic formula without a base precursor is also effective.","owner":{"id":42249008,"first_name":"Eeva","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Salo","page_name":"ESalo","domain_name":"helsinki","created_at":"2016-01-27T22:39:31.462-08:00","display_name":"Eeva Salo","url":"https://helsinki.academia.edu/ESalo"},"attachments":[{"id":106678245,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/106678245/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"44.full.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/106678245/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Randomised_double_blind_trial_of_hypoton.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/106678245/44.full-libre.pdf?1697526726=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DRandomised_double_blind_trial_of_hypoton.pdf\u0026Expires=1742561787\u0026Signature=U3ZWzDOlCSKgc3r~bbzZ4MZ-XWhFjkeIm~03e~r1O-jD25arqimG1AhYNTPf0kmpkYRy7kBITm4kFx0VSIKXCA2Mtnk0k0Czt7ttDMEIzZqI2ZcuNZDfMTRZdtkDIdlBbgGxlp4lv7M3DvgObKVVOyw~CVrTTCFQILiDRmfjsU5fFuWfB0Sr3Ctvdp6Dz83gvop2O0~jSnYfDAAydwUfcMFwsIkCqmzK-jVB3dTwpQSSMzM88NPniPC9mTRFfw2EehNBCiMS4ipYdNO6jFb~2fpU7qK0-pRggGX96qMAFLzL4KehvYIF-Q5yYNhIWmu85Np59WO~6nAcnPNxTnRFBg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"},{"id":106678246,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/106678246/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"44.full.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/106678246/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Randomised_double_blind_trial_of_hypoton.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/106678246/44.full-libre.pdf?1697526727=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DRandomised_double_blind_trial_of_hypoton.pdf\u0026Expires=1742561787\u0026Signature=RG4hQUkbjls0DS0DF~mbcb3~2HU2tKxHB4CP72OW44vZd6rgFsJcHC1DsFWXcFDBj3uQ35gpKmBkQkl4Zgqokl8B14zgBc0XJ4rb87UnVGxOo1laeGhIoQ5TMQHkWm5tAL~mpmT0oYFsKYdu7aUsDT4Znv4RhmuzkSOvvNT-FW3qYUYq7UZJoRiwsHOSjNVRYYnovnIrD3bf3NIDp5iLUehXsh~IHqNaOPOm-fJYGCwME95FugEU90r2jVhSXhPTrO2dniKgPvepo64oaBFVcux33CnKNhrWKVN5Q9OIOXca-Z5Kwu07F2ukMdXddNEgzW1PBk5Pz7zWnyvHmIQVAw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":4531,"name":"Clinical Trial","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Trial"},{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine"},{"id":44259,"name":"Diarrhea","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Diarrhea"},{"id":134346,"name":"Infant","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Infant"},{"id":242028,"name":"Water Absorption","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_Absorption"},{"id":244814,"name":"Clinical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences"},{"id":346274,"name":"Dehydration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dehydration"},{"id":410370,"name":"Public health systems and services research","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_health_systems_and_services_research-1"},{"id":612864,"name":"Metabolic Acidosis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Metabolic_Acidosis"},{"id":647820,"name":"Fluid Therapy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fluid_Therapy"},{"id":3789883,"name":"Paediatrics and reproductive medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paediatrics_and_reproductive_medicine"},{"id":3975139,"name":"Tonicity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tonicity"},{"id":4148495,"name":"Isotonic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Isotonic"}],"urls":[{"id":34783631,"url":"https://adc.bmj.com/content/archdischild/70/1/44.full.pdf"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="108245020"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/108245020/Kawasaki_disease_monitoring_of_circulating_immune_complexes"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Kawasaki disease: monitoring of circulating immune complexes" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/106678332/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/108245020/Kawasaki_disease_monitoring_of_circulating_immune_complexes">Kawasaki disease: monitoring of circulating immune complexes</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>European Journal of Pediatrics</span><span>, May 1, 1988</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">We followed the levels of circulating immune complexes (CIC) in 27 patients with Kawasaki disease...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">We followed the levels of circulating immune complexes (CIC) in 27 patients with Kawasaki disease (KD) from the acute stage of the disease through convalescence, using the test for platelet-reactive IgG-IC, and Clq-binding and conglutinin-binding enzyme immunoassays. CIC were detected by one or more techniques in all but one patient. Positive results were obtained most often with the test for plateletreactive IgG-IC. Measurement of complement components C3 and C4 in 14 patients revealed an increase in C3 levels during the first few weeks of the disease and normal levels of C4. The blood platelet count correlated directly with the level of platelet-reactive IgG-IC. The highest levels of CIC were found during weeks 3 through 7 after the onset of disease. Measurement of CIC is, however, not applicable to the clinical follow-up of patients with KD.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="f4cb29ca8241b55675693e27f42ab80c" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":106678332,"asset_id":108245020,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/106678332/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="108245020"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="108245020"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 108245020; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=108245020]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=108245020]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 108245020; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='108245020']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "f4cb29ca8241b55675693e27f42ab80c" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=108245020]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":108245020,"title":"Kawasaki disease: monitoring of circulating immune complexes","translated_title":"","metadata":{"publisher":"Springer Science+Business Media","grobid_abstract":"We followed the levels of circulating immune complexes (CIC) in 27 patients with Kawasaki disease (KD) from the acute stage of the disease through convalescence, using the test for platelet-reactive IgG-IC, and Clq-binding and conglutinin-binding enzyme immunoassays. CIC were detected by one or more techniques in all but one patient. Positive results were obtained most often with the test for plateletreactive IgG-IC. Measurement of complement components C3 and C4 in 14 patients revealed an increase in C3 levels during the first few weeks of the disease and normal levels of C4. The blood platelet count correlated directly with the level of platelet-reactive IgG-IC. The highest levels of CIC were found during weeks 3 through 7 after the onset of disease. Measurement of CIC is, however, not applicable to the clinical follow-up of patients with KD.","publication_date":{"day":1,"month":5,"year":1988,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"European Journal of Pediatrics","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":106678332},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/108245020/Kawasaki_disease_monitoring_of_circulating_immune_complexes","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2023-10-17T00:07:03.379-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":42249008,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":106678332,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/106678332/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"BF00496414.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/106678332/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Kawasaki_disease_monitoring_of_circulati.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/106678332/BF00496414-libre.pdf?1697526718=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DKawasaki_disease_monitoring_of_circulati.pdf\u0026Expires=1742561787\u0026Signature=U8-LC-gKPM1Irl6NXZxrAqc0E~Bk1BVatM5l~IOFeeYX05Dvdwby4dW~CpNDJjhFn7SkoqmC5owYgBnNma4WZRuVfd3OMhOpt13vBpCcr~ljPsnbwQSYGlN9zqE34li5jaubalOuAyJKx28s5LnMH2vlYWpXvBJPFElFKQ95tc6ulnqju9p4ToyTrRDEOBYScAlZUdOwW7gKVIwNba7IWPdiBBEmu7FYVSKg2zpOyhAGhLCssaGUR6nFi44NXirgTA7lU3NVZj-kSXzCqFZWQ1InqJsThVzeWaneEwidweIBlBkWRT9vHoSCIhTcMmLsJy7z6BFTotzVO8R-XH4Rzg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Kawasaki_disease_monitoring_of_circulating_immune_complexes","translated_slug":"","page_count":2,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","summary":"We followed the levels of circulating immune complexes (CIC) in 27 patients with Kawasaki disease (KD) from the acute stage of the disease through convalescence, using the test for platelet-reactive IgG-IC, and Clq-binding and conglutinin-binding enzyme immunoassays. CIC were detected by one or more techniques in all but one patient. Positive results were obtained most often with the test for plateletreactive IgG-IC. Measurement of complement components C3 and C4 in 14 patients revealed an increase in C3 levels during the first few weeks of the disease and normal levels of C4. The blood platelet count correlated directly with the level of platelet-reactive IgG-IC. The highest levels of CIC were found during weeks 3 through 7 after the onset of disease. Measurement of CIC is, however, not applicable to the clinical follow-up of patients with KD.","owner":{"id":42249008,"first_name":"Eeva","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Salo","page_name":"ESalo","domain_name":"helsinki","created_at":"2016-01-27T22:39:31.462-08:00","display_name":"Eeva Salo","url":"https://helsinki.academia.edu/ESalo"},"attachments":[{"id":106678332,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/106678332/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"BF00496414.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/106678332/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Kawasaki_disease_monitoring_of_circulati.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/106678332/BF00496414-libre.pdf?1697526718=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DKawasaki_disease_monitoring_of_circulati.pdf\u0026Expires=1742561787\u0026Signature=U8-LC-gKPM1Irl6NXZxrAqc0E~Bk1BVatM5l~IOFeeYX05Dvdwby4dW~CpNDJjhFn7SkoqmC5owYgBnNma4WZRuVfd3OMhOpt13vBpCcr~ljPsnbwQSYGlN9zqE34li5jaubalOuAyJKx28s5LnMH2vlYWpXvBJPFElFKQ95tc6ulnqju9p4ToyTrRDEOBYScAlZUdOwW7gKVIwNba7IWPdiBBEmu7FYVSKg2zpOyhAGhLCssaGUR6nFi44NXirgTA7lU3NVZj-kSXzCqFZWQ1InqJsThVzeWaneEwidweIBlBkWRT9vHoSCIhTcMmLsJy7z6BFTotzVO8R-XH4Rzg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1290,"name":"Immunology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immunology"},{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine"},{"id":52136,"name":"Platelet","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Platelet"},{"id":64933,"name":"Child","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child"},{"id":99773,"name":"Disease","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Disease"},{"id":134346,"name":"Infant","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Infant"},{"id":165212,"name":"Kawasaki Disease","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Kawasaki_Disease"},{"id":324154,"name":"Immune system","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immune_system"},{"id":410370,"name":"Public health systems and services research","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_health_systems_and_services_research-1"},{"id":447306,"name":"Convalescence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Convalescence"},{"id":911025,"name":"Lymph Node","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lymph_Node"},{"id":1175837,"name":"Immune Complex","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immune_Complex"},{"id":2489700,"name":"Child preschool","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child_preschool"},{"id":2583557,"name":"Enzyme Immunoassay","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Enzyme_Immunoassay"},{"id":3187114,"name":"Blood platelets","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Blood_platelets"},{"id":3789883,"name":"Paediatrics and reproductive medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paediatrics_and_reproductive_medicine"},{"id":4075992,"name":"Immunoglobulin Fc Fragments","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immunoglobulin_Fc_Fragments"}],"urls":[{"id":34783628,"url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00496414"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="108245018"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/108245018/Management_of_acute_diarrhoea_with_low_osmolarity_oral_rehydration_solutions_and_Lactobacillus_strain_GG"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Management of acute diarrhoea with low osmolarity oral rehydration solutions and Lactobacillus strain GG" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/106678243/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/108245018/Management_of_acute_diarrhoea_with_low_osmolarity_oral_rehydration_solutions_and_Lactobacillus_strain_GG">Management of acute diarrhoea with low osmolarity oral rehydration solutions and Lactobacillus strain GG</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Archives of Disease in Childhood</span><span>, Aug 1, 1998</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Two hypotonic oral rehydration solutions with osmolarities of 224 mosmol/l (Na + 60 mmol/l, gluco...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Two hypotonic oral rehydration solutions with osmolarities of 224 mosmol/l (Na + 60 mmol/l, glucose 84 mmol/l) and 204 mosmol/l (Na + 60 mmol/l, glucose 64 mmol/l), respectively, and oral treatment with Lactobacillus GG were evaluated in a double blind trial in children aged 6-36 months hospitalised for acute diarrhoea. Early administration of Lactobacillus GG at the start of oral rehydration resulted in the shortest duration of diarrhoea, best weight gain, and fastest correction of acidosis. A reduced osmolarity oral rehydration solution (224 mosmol/l) combined with early administration of Lactobacillus GG is an eVective treatment for acute diarrhoea in young children; further reduction of osmolarity may not be beneficial.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="cf2da0fe68523695e4a28a65171fff7f" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":106678243,"asset_id":108245018,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/106678243/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="108245018"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="108245018"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 108245018; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=108245018]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=108245018]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 108245018; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='108245018']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "cf2da0fe68523695e4a28a65171fff7f" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=108245018]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":108245018,"title":"Management of acute diarrhoea with low osmolarity oral rehydration solutions and Lactobacillus strain GG","translated_title":"","metadata":{"publisher":"BMJ","ai_title_tag":"Low Osmolarity Solutions \u0026 Lactobacillus for Diarrhoea","grobid_abstract":"Two hypotonic oral rehydration solutions with osmolarities of 224 mosmol/l (Na + 60 mmol/l, glucose 84 mmol/l) and 204 mosmol/l (Na + 60 mmol/l, glucose 64 mmol/l), respectively, and oral treatment with Lactobacillus GG were evaluated in a double blind trial in children aged 6-36 months hospitalised for acute diarrhoea. Early administration of Lactobacillus GG at the start of oral rehydration resulted in the shortest duration of diarrhoea, best weight gain, and fastest correction of acidosis. A reduced osmolarity oral rehydration solution (224 mosmol/l) combined with early administration of Lactobacillus GG is an eVective treatment for acute diarrhoea in young children; further reduction of osmolarity may not be beneficial.","publication_date":{"day":1,"month":8,"year":1998,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Archives of Disease in Childhood","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":106678243},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/108245018/Management_of_acute_diarrhoea_with_low_osmolarity_oral_rehydration_solutions_and_Lactobacillus_strain_GG","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2023-10-17T00:07:02.685-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":42249008,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":106678243,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/106678243/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"157.full.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/106678243/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Management_of_acute_diarrhoea_with_low_o.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/106678243/157.full-libre.pdf?1697526723=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DManagement_of_acute_diarrhoea_with_low_o.pdf\u0026Expires=1742561787\u0026Signature=M8~OemfsdQfMeBkZ1GCX-1xJxbPvq0euId1aaURXVhyNU14xoEz1qMMlqze39xRaecYqTe4qYfczdsJeHtksTLLSr~rvEvV3DAZO9bNndDgMEBwT2vJndhIyKPQox4oPJRubt-6J87SMFFYFiKDmZTcGSxxYBFVdq-Fjdv2j96WpDZamSr1moeoBp6tV7i1oeyxvnqdLYKkOeX-GCi2UumzgQNKDK7EinJ0JiI8j3lSVbonh9~l59eAarFOQHZyppMnfD-~iFlyZBPYvWOcfWvnUuI1HJgDK~CIQqLhF2G2gxaEtzGZF93uGNZ0G1V6869vaPMa9pm6kweffNoax1Q__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Management_of_acute_diarrhoea_with_low_osmolarity_oral_rehydration_solutions_and_Lactobacillus_strain_GG","translated_slug":"","page_count":4,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","summary":"Two hypotonic oral rehydration solutions with osmolarities of 224 mosmol/l (Na + 60 mmol/l, glucose 84 mmol/l) and 204 mosmol/l (Na + 60 mmol/l, glucose 64 mmol/l), respectively, and oral treatment with Lactobacillus GG were evaluated in a double blind trial in children aged 6-36 months hospitalised for acute diarrhoea. Early administration of Lactobacillus GG at the start of oral rehydration resulted in the shortest duration of diarrhoea, best weight gain, and fastest correction of acidosis. A reduced osmolarity oral rehydration solution (224 mosmol/l) combined with early administration of Lactobacillus GG is an eVective treatment for acute diarrhoea in young children; further reduction of osmolarity may not be beneficial.","owner":{"id":42249008,"first_name":"Eeva","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Salo","page_name":"ESalo","domain_name":"helsinki","created_at":"2016-01-27T22:39:31.462-08:00","display_name":"Eeva Salo","url":"https://helsinki.academia.edu/ESalo"},"attachments":[{"id":106678243,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/106678243/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"157.full.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/106678243/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Management_of_acute_diarrhoea_with_low_o.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/106678243/157.full-libre.pdf?1697526723=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DManagement_of_acute_diarrhoea_with_low_o.pdf\u0026Expires=1742561787\u0026Signature=M8~OemfsdQfMeBkZ1GCX-1xJxbPvq0euId1aaURXVhyNU14xoEz1qMMlqze39xRaecYqTe4qYfczdsJeHtksTLLSr~rvEvV3DAZO9bNndDgMEBwT2vJndhIyKPQox4oPJRubt-6J87SMFFYFiKDmZTcGSxxYBFVdq-Fjdv2j96WpDZamSr1moeoBp6tV7i1oeyxvnqdLYKkOeX-GCi2UumzgQNKDK7EinJ0JiI8j3lSVbonh9~l59eAarFOQHZyppMnfD-~iFlyZBPYvWOcfWvnUuI1HJgDK~CIQqLhF2G2gxaEtzGZF93uGNZ0G1V6869vaPMa9pm6kweffNoax1Q__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"},{"id":106678242,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/106678242/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"157.full.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/106678242/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Management_of_acute_diarrhoea_with_low_o.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/106678242/157.full-libre.pdf?1697526724=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DManagement_of_acute_diarrhoea_with_low_o.pdf\u0026Expires=1742561787\u0026Signature=HhsvNt-Zd~0vkBLBsBR7~0GrqWKQkXoEHz1FOKu26w52d71DrOClxD5hJ2BsgN1nAu1djJOzvQf3aM3byaNLD1W-pgh50i9dy8ZuMOEKAvZD4kOYRwU5M77HjlfoK8eBBLjcrb4AREKXklq2VlIFPk3V5G0Mvn0AwZDIwamOSwqcfZ8QmROG8J3gdAeQGRonJarUbNM4M9ePlqKx4WZLZYu7fd1DhxdOeHSCqR-wFlSgzY9mF7HbENftZ3KnEB4f6eUgCQIW9eVlsTkAvAbdluwsi5IE8HoeWHV2788Pfwm3wGosT6YjRfrVSlmtGJhpgEImVoDcRmqy42y3t6d8SA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":12426,"name":"Treatment Outcome","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Treatment_Outcome"},{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine"},{"id":44259,"name":"Diarrhea","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Diarrhea"},{"id":106368,"name":"Lactobacillus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lactobacillus"},{"id":134346,"name":"Infant","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Infant"},{"id":244814,"name":"Clinical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences"},{"id":410370,"name":"Public health systems and services research","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_health_systems_and_services_research-1"},{"id":413195,"name":"Time Factors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Time_Factors"},{"id":538047,"name":"Young Children","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Young_Children"},{"id":1141692,"name":"Weight Gain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Weight_Gain"},{"id":2463779,"name":"Combined Modality Therapy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Combined_Modality_Therapy"},{"id":2471455,"name":"Acute Disease","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Acute_Disease"},{"id":2489700,"name":"Child preschool","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child_preschool"},{"id":3789883,"name":"Paediatrics and reproductive medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paediatrics_and_reproductive_medicine"},{"id":3975139,"name":"Tonicity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tonicity"}],"urls":[{"id":34783626,"url":"https://adc.bmj.com/content/archdischild/79/2/157.full.pdf"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="108245015"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/108245015/Etiological_Diagnosis_of_Childhood_Pneumonia_by_Use_of_Transthoracic_Needle_Aspiration_and_Modern_Microbiological_Methods"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Etiological Diagnosis of Childhood Pneumonia by Use of Transthoracic Needle Aspiration and Modern Microbiological Methods" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/106678240/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/108245015/Etiological_Diagnosis_of_Childhood_Pneumonia_by_Use_of_Transthoracic_Needle_Aspiration_and_Modern_Microbiological_Methods">Etiological Diagnosis of Childhood Pneumonia by Use of Transthoracic Needle Aspiration and Modern Microbiological Methods</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Clinical Infectious Diseases</span><span>, Mar 1, 2002</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Childhood pneumonia is usually treated without determining its etiology. The causative organism c...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Childhood pneumonia is usually treated without determining its etiology. The causative organism can be isolated from specimens of blood, empyema fluid, or lung aspirate, but this is rarely done. The potential of transthoracic needle aspiration for identification of causative agents was tested with use of modern microbiological methods. Aspiration was performed for 34 children who had radiological signs compatible with community-acquired pneumonia and had alveolar consolidation. In addition to bacterial and viral cultures and viral antigen detection, nucleic acid detection for common respiratory pathogens was performed on aspirate specimens. Aspiration disclosed the etiology in 20 (59%) of 34 cases overall and in 18 (69%) of 26 patients from whom a representative specimen was obtained. Aspiration's advantages are high microbiological yield and a relatively low risk of a clinically significant adverse event. Aspiration should be used if identification of the causative agent outweighs the modest risk of the procedure. Community-acquired pneumonia is still a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide and is the primary cause of death in up to 25% of the 13 million deaths annually among children aged 0-4 years [1, 2]. Although pneumonia is widespread, its etiology usually remains unknown. Increasing problems with drugresistant infections and the availability of effective vaccines make the identification of the causative agent increasingly relevant [3, 4]. However, precise diagnosis is difficult to make on the basis of clinical or radiological findings [5, 6].</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="cbfd3f34a457dd06790f590e078d4e04" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":106678240,"asset_id":108245015,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/106678240/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="108245015"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="108245015"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 108245015; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=108245015]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=108245015]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 108245015; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='108245015']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "cbfd3f34a457dd06790f590e078d4e04" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=108245015]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":108245015,"title":"Etiological Diagnosis of Childhood Pneumonia by Use of Transthoracic Needle Aspiration and Modern Microbiological Methods","translated_title":"","metadata":{"publisher":"Oxford University Press","grobid_abstract":"Childhood pneumonia is usually treated without determining its etiology. The causative organism can be isolated from specimens of blood, empyema fluid, or lung aspirate, but this is rarely done. The potential of transthoracic needle aspiration for identification of causative agents was tested with use of modern microbiological methods. Aspiration was performed for 34 children who had radiological signs compatible with community-acquired pneumonia and had alveolar consolidation. In addition to bacterial and viral cultures and viral antigen detection, nucleic acid detection for common respiratory pathogens was performed on aspirate specimens. Aspiration disclosed the etiology in 20 (59%) of 34 cases overall and in 18 (69%) of 26 patients from whom a representative specimen was obtained. Aspiration's advantages are high microbiological yield and a relatively low risk of a clinically significant adverse event. Aspiration should be used if identification of the causative agent outweighs the modest risk of the procedure. Community-acquired pneumonia is still a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide and is the primary cause of death in up to 25% of the 13 million deaths annually among children aged 0-4 years [1, 2]. Although pneumonia is widespread, its etiology usually remains unknown. Increasing problems with drugresistant infections and the availability of effective vaccines make the identification of the causative agent increasingly relevant [3, 4]. However, precise diagnosis is difficult to make on the basis of clinical or radiological findings [5, 6].","publication_date":{"day":1,"month":3,"year":2002,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Clinical Infectious Diseases","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":106678240},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/108245015/Etiological_Diagnosis_of_Childhood_Pneumonia_by_Use_of_Transthoracic_Needle_Aspiration_and_Modern_Microbiological_Methods","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2023-10-17T00:07:01.224-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":42249008,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":106678240,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/106678240/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"34-5-583.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/106678240/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Etiological_Diagnosis_of_Childhood_Pneum.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/106678240/34-5-583-libre.pdf?1697526725=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DEtiological_Diagnosis_of_Childhood_Pneum.pdf\u0026Expires=1742561787\u0026Signature=E~YfUhBW9qe6-Fwj8jgFCAfIEbXbEBtcrPl4bsljnIVW3XXFxQi5LzHcK9UuGuMkpowNJabvGCQ4U2ZSKWlfZ3vN8DZsyJLHexWxjAmQJS1PCjp85OLSoz0lX~ZbhOwaJEZurL3m2JJH2lMacgJa9C1-5-yDfkINCVNfiUzxNFu1XHOJsn2Xg2~DGrmHWEA1RjHgB5DW630fDF5R6QhtKi74fQ9kk-mGR2AIGfebSVqKccFPJRSV24FP7PuEH6apDKBRBHiPYBbViICL7IdvLehFGkhbJkWcQct9lW41GtLL1S9Vg~AyVOLO68UiY1Aee9MOaUCKEPiaAaA98SuR2A__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Etiological_Diagnosis_of_Childhood_Pneumonia_by_Use_of_Transthoracic_Needle_Aspiration_and_Modern_Microbiological_Methods","translated_slug":"","page_count":8,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","summary":"Childhood pneumonia is usually treated without determining its etiology. The causative organism can be isolated from specimens of blood, empyema fluid, or lung aspirate, but this is rarely done. The potential of transthoracic needle aspiration for identification of causative agents was tested with use of modern microbiological methods. Aspiration was performed for 34 children who had radiological signs compatible with community-acquired pneumonia and had alveolar consolidation. In addition to bacterial and viral cultures and viral antigen detection, nucleic acid detection for common respiratory pathogens was performed on aspirate specimens. Aspiration disclosed the etiology in 20 (59%) of 34 cases overall and in 18 (69%) of 26 patients from whom a representative specimen was obtained. Aspiration's advantages are high microbiological yield and a relatively low risk of a clinically significant adverse event. Aspiration should be used if identification of the causative agent outweighs the modest risk of the procedure. Community-acquired pneumonia is still a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide and is the primary cause of death in up to 25% of the 13 million deaths annually among children aged 0-4 years [1, 2]. Although pneumonia is widespread, its etiology usually remains unknown. Increasing problems with drugresistant infections and the availability of effective vaccines make the identification of the causative agent increasingly relevant [3, 4]. However, precise diagnosis is difficult to make on the basis of clinical or radiological findings [5, 6].","owner":{"id":42249008,"first_name":"Eeva","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Salo","page_name":"ESalo","domain_name":"helsinki","created_at":"2016-01-27T22:39:31.462-08:00","display_name":"Eeva Salo","url":"https://helsinki.academia.edu/ESalo"},"attachments":[{"id":106678240,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/106678240/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"34-5-583.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/106678240/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Etiological_Diagnosis_of_Childhood_Pneum.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/106678240/34-5-583-libre.pdf?1697526725=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DEtiological_Diagnosis_of_Childhood_Pneum.pdf\u0026Expires=1742561787\u0026Signature=E~YfUhBW9qe6-Fwj8jgFCAfIEbXbEBtcrPl4bsljnIVW3XXFxQi5LzHcK9UuGuMkpowNJabvGCQ4U2ZSKWlfZ3vN8DZsyJLHexWxjAmQJS1PCjp85OLSoz0lX~ZbhOwaJEZurL3m2JJH2lMacgJa9C1-5-yDfkINCVNfiUzxNFu1XHOJsn2Xg2~DGrmHWEA1RjHgB5DW630fDF5R6QhtKi74fQ9kk-mGR2AIGfebSVqKccFPJRSV24FP7PuEH6apDKBRBHiPYBbViICL7IdvLehFGkhbJkWcQct9lW41GtLL1S9Vg~AyVOLO68UiY1Aee9MOaUCKEPiaAaA98SuR2A__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":22506,"name":"Adolescent","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent"},{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine"},{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences"},{"id":64933,"name":"Child","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child"},{"id":69664,"name":"Childhood","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Childhood"},{"id":107083,"name":"Method","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Method"},{"id":111112,"name":"Pneumonia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pneumonia"},{"id":118339,"name":"Polymerase Chain Reaction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polymerase_Chain_Reaction"},{"id":134346,"name":"Infant","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Infant"},{"id":174477,"name":"Etiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Etiology"},{"id":989950,"name":"Aspiration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aspiration"},{"id":1336838,"name":"Clinical Infectious Diseases","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Infectious_Diseases"},{"id":1456397,"name":"Aspiration Pneumonia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aspiration_Pneumonia"},{"id":1929419,"name":"Nino","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nino"},{"id":2039726,"name":"Oulu","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Oulu"},{"id":2489700,"name":"Child preschool","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child_preschool"},{"id":3763225,"name":"Medical and Health Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_and_Health_Sciences"}],"urls":[{"id":34783624,"url":"https://academic.oup.com/cid/article-pdf/34/5/583/902397/34-5-583.pdf"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="108245013"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/108245013/Rekommendation_om_genomf%C3%B6rande_av_kontaktsp%C3%A5rning_vid_tuberkulos"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Rekommendation om genomförande av kontaktspårning vid tuberkulos" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title">Rekommendation om genomförande av kontaktspårning vid tuberkulos</div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="108245013"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="108245013"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 108245013; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=108245013]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=108245013]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 108245013; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='108245013']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=108245013]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":108245013,"title":"Rekommendation om genomförande av kontaktspårning vid tuberkulos","translated_title":"","metadata":{"publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2011,"errors":{}}},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/108245013/Rekommendation_om_genomf%C3%B6rande_av_kontaktsp%C3%A5rning_vid_tuberkulos","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2023-10-17T00:07:00.777-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":42249008,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"Rekommendation_om_genomförande_av_kontaktspårning_vid_tuberkulos","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"sv","content_type":"Work","summary":null,"owner":{"id":42249008,"first_name":"Eeva","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Salo","page_name":"ESalo","domain_name":"helsinki","created_at":"2016-01-27T22:39:31.462-08:00","display_name":"Eeva Salo","url":"https://helsinki.academia.edu/ESalo"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[],"urls":[{"id":34783622,"url":"https://www.julkari.fi/handle/10024/80191"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> </div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/google_contacts-0dfb882d836b94dbcb4a2d123d6933fc9533eda5be911641f20b4eb428429600.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb $('.js-google-connect-button').click(function(e) { e.preventDefault(); GoogleContacts.authorize_and_show_contacts(); Aedu.Dismissibles.recordClickthrough("WowProfileImportContactsPrompt"); }); $('.js-update-biography-button').click(function(e) { e.preventDefault(); Aedu.Dismissibles.recordClickthrough("UpdateUserBiographyPrompt"); $.ajax({ url: $r.api_v0_profiles_update_about_path({ subdomain_param: 'api', about: "", }), type: 'PUT', success: function(response) { location.reload(); } }); }); $('.js-work-creator-button').click(function (e) { e.preventDefault(); window.location = $r.upload_funnel_document_path({ source: encodeURIComponent(""), }); }); $('.js-video-upload-button').click(function (e) { e.preventDefault(); window.location = $r.upload_funnel_video_path({ source: encodeURIComponent(""), }); }); $('.js-do-this-later-button').click(function() { $(this).closest('.js-profile-nag-panel').remove(); Aedu.Dismissibles.recordDismissal("WowProfileImportContactsPrompt"); }); $('.js-update-biography-do-this-later-button').click(function(){ $(this).closest('.js-profile-nag-panel').remove(); Aedu.Dismissibles.recordDismissal("UpdateUserBiographyPrompt"); }); $('.wow-profile-mentions-upsell--close').click(function(){ $('.wow-profile-mentions-upsell--panel').hide(); Aedu.Dismissibles.recordDismissal("WowProfileMentionsUpsell"); }); $('.wow-profile-mentions-upsell--button').click(function(){ Aedu.Dismissibles.recordClickthrough("WowProfileMentionsUpsell"); }); new WowProfile.SocialRedesignUserWorks({ initialWorksOffset: 20, allWorksOffset: 20, maxSections: 1 }) }); </script> </div></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile_edit-5ea339ee107c863779f560dd7275595239fed73f1a13d279d2b599a28c0ecd33.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/add_coauthor-22174b608f9cb871d03443cafa7feac496fb50d7df2d66a53f5ee3c04ba67f53.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/tab-dcac0130902f0cc2d8cb403714dd47454f11fc6fb0e99ae6a0827b06613abc20.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb window.ae = window.ae || {}; window.ae.WowProfile = window.ae.WowProfile || {}; if(Aedu.User.current && Aedu.User.current.id === $viewedUser.id) { window.ae.WowProfile.current_user_edit = {}; new WowProfileEdit.EditUploadView({ el: '.js-edit-upload-button-wrapper', model: window.$current_user, }); new AddCoauthor.AddCoauthorsController(); } var userInfoView = new WowProfile.SocialRedesignUserInfo({ recaptcha_key: "6LdxlRMTAAAAADnu_zyLhLg0YF9uACwz78shpjJB" }); WowProfile.router = new WowProfile.Router({ userInfoView: userInfoView }); Backbone.history.start({ pushState: true, root: "/" + $viewedUser.page_name }); new WowProfile.UserWorksNav() }); </script> </div> <div class="bootstrap login"><div class="modal fade login-modal" id="login-modal"><div class="login-modal-dialog modal-dialog"><div class="modal-content"><div class="modal-header"><button class="close close" data-dismiss="modal" type="button"><span aria-hidden="true">×</span><span class="sr-only">Close</span></button><h4 class="modal-title text-center"><strong>Log In</strong></h4></div><div class="modal-body"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-10 col-xs-offset-1"><button class="btn btn-fb btn-lg btn-block btn-v-center-content" id="login-facebook-oauth-button"><svg style="float: left; width: 19px; line-height: 1em; margin-right: .3em;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fab" data-icon="facebook-square" class="svg-inline--fa fa-facebook-square fa-w-14" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M400 32H48A48 48 0 0 0 0 80v352a48 48 0 0 0 48 48h137.25V327.69h-63V256h63v-54.64c0-62.15 37-96.48 93.67-96.48 27.14 0 55.52 4.84 55.52 4.84v61h-31.27c-30.81 0-40.42 19.12-40.42 38.73V256h68.78l-11 71.69h-57.78V480H400a48 48 0 0 0 48-48V80a48 48 0 0 0-48-48z"></path></svg><small><strong>Log in</strong> with <strong>Facebook</strong></small></button><br /><button class="btn btn-google btn-lg btn-block btn-v-center-content" id="login-google-oauth-button"><svg style="float: left; width: 22px; line-height: 1em; margin-right: .3em;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fab" data-icon="google-plus" class="svg-inline--fa fa-google-plus fa-w-16" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M256,8C119.1,8,8,119.1,8,256S119.1,504,256,504,504,392.9,504,256,392.9,8,256,8ZM185.3,380a124,124,0,0,1,0-248c31.3,0,60.1,11,83,32.3l-33.6,32.6c-13.2-12.9-31.3-19.1-49.4-19.1-42.9,0-77.2,35.5-77.2,78.1S142.3,334,185.3,334c32.6,0,64.9-19.1,70.1-53.3H185.3V238.1H302.2a109.2,109.2,0,0,1,1.9,20.7c0,70.8-47.5,121.2-118.8,121.2ZM415.5,273.8v35.5H380V273.8H344.5V238.3H380V202.8h35.5v35.5h35.2v35.5Z"></path></svg><small><strong>Log in</strong> with <strong>Google</strong></small></button><br /><style type="text/css">.sign-in-with-apple-button { width: 100%; height: 52px; border-radius: 3px; border: 1px solid black; cursor: pointer; } .sign-in-with-apple-button > div { margin: 0 auto; / This centers the Apple-rendered button horizontally }</style><script src="https://appleid.cdn-apple.com/appleauth/static/jsapi/appleid/1/en_US/appleid.auth.js" type="text/javascript"></script><div class="sign-in-with-apple-button" data-border="false" data-color="white" id="appleid-signin"><span   ="Sign Up with Apple" class="u-fs11"></span></div><script>AppleID.auth.init({ clientId: 'edu.academia.applesignon', scope: 'name email', redirectURI: 'https://www.academia.edu/sessions', state: "a037b97aefa404c115f6ddb202604abb684d134c3ca9486340b50d2ab5456825", });</script><script>// Hacky way of checking if on fast loswp if (window.loswp == null) { (function() { const Google = window?.Aedu?.Auth?.OauthButton?.Login?.Google; const Facebook = window?.Aedu?.Auth?.OauthButton?.Login?.Facebook; if (Google) { new Google({ el: '#login-google-oauth-button', rememberMeCheckboxId: 'remember_me', track: null }); } if (Facebook) { new Facebook({ el: '#login-facebook-oauth-button', rememberMeCheckboxId: 'remember_me', track: null }); } })(); }</script></div></div></div><div class="modal-body"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-10 col-xs-offset-1"><div class="hr-heading login-hr-heading"><span class="hr-heading-text">or</span></div></div></div></div><div class="modal-body"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-10 col-xs-offset-1"><form class="js-login-form" action="https://www.academia.edu/sessions" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="post"><input type="hidden" name="authenticity_token" value="cntOGqO618cziCSMrvoe5fP3hLJGd4fwexcR53glmJvixOJaKypmXeTU6gVX1JW2XMeS8rHQnV2A-wTaT7ugJA" autocomplete="off" /><div class="form-group"><label class="control-label" for="login-modal-email-input" style="font-size: 14px;">Email</label><input class="form-control" id="login-modal-email-input" name="login" type="email" /></div><div class="form-group"><label class="control-label" for="login-modal-password-input" style="font-size: 14px;">Password</label><input class="form-control" id="login-modal-password-input" name="password" type="password" /></div><input type="hidden" name="post_login_redirect_url" id="post_login_redirect_url" value="https://helsinki.academia.edu/ESalo" autocomplete="off" /><div class="checkbox"><label><input type="checkbox" name="remember_me" id="remember_me" value="1" checked="checked" /><small style="font-size: 12px; margin-top: 2px; display: inline-block;">Remember me on this computer</small></label></div><br><input type="submit" name="commit" value="Log In" class="btn btn-primary btn-block btn-lg js-login-submit" data-disable-with="Log In" /></br></form><script>typeof window?.Aedu?.recaptchaManagedForm === 'function' && window.Aedu.recaptchaManagedForm( document.querySelector('.js-login-form'), document.querySelector('.js-login-submit') );</script><small style="font-size: 12px;"><br />or <a data-target="#login-modal-reset-password-container" data-toggle="collapse" href="javascript:void(0)">reset password</a></small><div class="collapse" id="login-modal-reset-password-container"><br /><div class="well margin-0x"><form class="js-password-reset-form" action="https://www.academia.edu/reset_password" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="post"><input type="hidden" name="authenticity_token" value="wR0KJKed63e8WBU27bhuwkIvO6Z0e-T-Cmz8ZQG7oCpRoqZkLw1a7WsE278UluWR7R8t5oPc_lPxgOlYNiWYlQ" autocomplete="off" /><p>Enter the email address you signed up with and we'll email you a reset link.</p><div class="form-group"><input class="form-control" name="email" type="email" /></div><script src="https://recaptcha.net/recaptcha/api.js" async defer></script> <script> var invisibleRecaptchaSubmit = function () { var closestForm = function (ele) { var curEle = ele.parentNode; while (curEle.nodeName !== 'FORM' && curEle.nodeName !== 'BODY'){ curEle = curEle.parentNode; } return curEle.nodeName === 'FORM' ? curEle : null }; var eles = document.getElementsByClassName('g-recaptcha'); if (eles.length > 0) { var form = closestForm(eles[0]); if (form) { form.submit(); } } }; </script> <input type="submit" data-sitekey="6Lf3KHUUAAAAACggoMpmGJdQDtiyrjVlvGJ6BbAj" data-callback="invisibleRecaptchaSubmit" class="g-recaptcha btn btn-primary btn-block" value="Email me a link" value=""/> </form></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/collapse-45805421cf446ca5adf7aaa1935b08a3a8d1d9a6cc5d91a62a2a3a00b20b3e6a.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb $("#login-modal-reset-password-container").on("shown.bs.collapse", function() { $(this).find("input[type=email]").focus(); }); }); </script> </div></div></div><div class="modal-footer"><div class="text-center"><small style="font-size: 12px;">Need an account? <a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/signup">Click here to sign up</a></small></div></div></div></div></div></div><script>// If we are on subdomain or non-bootstrapped page, redirect to login page instead of showing modal (function(){ if (typeof $ === 'undefined') return; var host = window.location.hostname; if ((host === $domain || host === "www."+$domain) && (typeof $().modal === 'function')) { $("#nav_log_in").click(function(e) { // Don't follow the link and open the modal e.preventDefault(); $("#login-modal").on('shown.bs.modal', function() { $(this).find("#login-modal-email-input").focus() }).modal('show'); }); } })()</script> <div class="bootstrap" id="footer"><div class="footer-content clearfix text-center padding-top-7x" style="width:100%;"><ul class="footer-links-secondary footer-links-wide list-inline margin-bottom-1x"><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/about">About</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/press">Press</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/documents">Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/topics">Topics</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/journals">Academia.edu Journals</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/hiring"><svg style="width: 13px; height: 13px;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="briefcase" class="svg-inline--fa fa-briefcase fa-w-16" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M320 336c0 8.84-7.16 16-16 16h-96c-8.84 0-16-7.16-16-16v-48H0v144c0 25.6 22.4 48 48 48h416c25.6 0 48-22.4 48-48V288H320v48zm144-208h-80V80c0-25.6-22.4-48-48-48H176c-25.6 0-48 22.4-48 48v48H48c-25.6 0-48 22.4-48 48v80h512v-80c0-25.6-22.4-48-48-48zm-144 0H192V96h128v32z"></path></svg> <strong>We're Hiring!</strong></a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" href="https://support.academia.edu/hc/en-us"><svg style="width: 12px; height: 12px;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="question-circle" class="svg-inline--fa fa-question-circle fa-w-16" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M504 256c0 136.997-111.043 248-248 248S8 392.997 8 256C8 119.083 119.043 8 256 8s248 111.083 248 248zM262.655 90c-54.497 0-89.255 22.957-116.549 63.758-3.536 5.286-2.353 12.415 2.715 16.258l34.699 26.31c5.205 3.947 12.621 3.008 16.665-2.122 17.864-22.658 30.113-35.797 57.303-35.797 20.429 0 45.698 13.148 45.698 32.958 0 14.976-12.363 22.667-32.534 33.976C247.128 238.528 216 254.941 216 296v4c0 6.627 5.373 12 12 12h56c6.627 0 12-5.373 12-12v-1.333c0-28.462 83.186-29.647 83.186-106.667 0-58.002-60.165-102-116.531-102zM256 338c-25.365 0-46 20.635-46 46 0 25.364 20.635 46 46 46s46-20.636 46-46c0-25.365-20.635-46-46-46z"></path></svg> <strong>Help Center</strong></a></li></ul><ul class="footer-links-tertiary list-inline margin-bottom-1x"><li class="small">Find new research papers in:</li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physics">Physics</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemistry">Chemistry</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology">Biology</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Sciences">Health Sciences</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecology">Ecology</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earth_Sciences">Earth Sciences</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science">Cognitive Science</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mathematics">Mathematics</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Science">Computer Science</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="DesignSystem" id="credit" style="width:100%;"><ul class="u-pl0x footer-links-legal list-inline"><li><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/terms">Terms</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/privacy">Privacy</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/copyright">Copyright</a></li><li>Academia ©2025</li></ul></div><script> //<![CDATA[ window.detect_gmtoffset = true; window.Academia && window.Academia.set_gmtoffset && Academia.set_gmtoffset('/gmtoffset'); //]]> </script> <div id='overlay_background'></div> <div id='bootstrap-modal-container' class='bootstrap'></div> <div id='ds-modal-container' class='bootstrap DesignSystem'></div> <div id='full-screen-modal'></div> </div> </body> </html>