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sous-section Démographie</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Démographie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Population" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Population"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Population</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Population-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ethnies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ethnies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Ethnies</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ethnies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Villes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Villes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Villes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Villes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Économie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Économie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Économie</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Économie-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Afficher / masquer la sous-section Économie</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Économie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Extraction_des_ressources_minières" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Extraction_des_ressources_minières"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Extraction des ressources minières</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Extraction_des_ressources_minières-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gestion_forestière" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gestion_forestière"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Gestion forestière</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gestion_forestière-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Investissements" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Investissements"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Investissements</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Investissements-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Références" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Références"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Références</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Références-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Voir_aussi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Voir_aussi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Voir aussi</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Voir_aussi-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Afficher / masquer la sous-section Voir aussi</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Voir_aussi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Articles_connexes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Articles_connexes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Articles connexes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Articles_connexes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliographie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliographie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Bibliographie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliographie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Liens_externes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Liens_externes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.3</span> <span>Liens externes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Liens_externes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Sommaire" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table des matières" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Basculer la table des matières" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Basculer la table des matières</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Extrême-Orient russe</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Aller à un article dans une autre langue. Disponible en 48 langues." > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-48" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">48 langues</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russiese_Verre_Ooste" title="Russiese Verre Ooste – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Russiese Verre Ooste" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%82_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%82%D8%B5%D9%89_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A" title="الشرق الأقصى الروسي – arabe" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الشرق الأقصى الروسي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estremu_Oriente_rusu" title="Estremu Oriente rusu – asturien" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Estremu Oriente rusu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%91%D0%BA%D1%96_%D0%A3%D1%81%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%96%D1%96" title="Далёкі Усход Расіі – biélorusse" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Далёкі Усход Расіі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="biélorusse" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%B8%D0%B7%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Далечен изток на Русия – bulgare" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Далечен изток на Русия" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgare" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC" title="রাশিয়ার সুদূর পূর্ব – bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="রাশিয়ার সুদূর পূর্ব" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reter-Pella%C3%B1_Rusia" title="Reter-Pellañ Rusia – breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Reter-Pellañ Rusia" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extrem_Orient_Rus" title="Extrem Orient Rus – catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Extrem Orient Rus" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%95%DB%86%DA%98%DA%BE%DB%95%DA%B5%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%8C_%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C_%DA%95%D9%88%D9%88%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="ڕۆژھەڵاتی دووری ڕووسیا – sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ڕۆژھەڵاتی دووری ڕووسیا" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusk%C3%BD_D%C3%A1ln%C3%BD_v%C3%BDchod" title="Ruský Dálný východ – tchèque" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Ruský Dálný východ" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tchèque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%C3%A7%C3%A7%D0%B5%D0%B9%C4%95%D0%BD_%D0%98%D0%BD%C3%A7%D0%B5%D1%82_%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%85%C4%83%C3%A7%C4%95" title="Раççейĕн Инçет Тухăçĕ – tchouvache" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Раççейĕн Инçет Тухăçĕ" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="tchouvache" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russisk_fjern%C3%B8sten" title="Russisk fjernøsten – danois" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Russisk fjernøsten" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A1%CF%89%CF%83%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%86%CF%80%CF%89_%CE%91%CE%BD%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%AE" title="Ρωσική Άπω Ανατολή – grec" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ρωσική Άπω Ανατολή" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_Far_East" title="Russian Far East – anglais" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Russian Far East" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusia_Fora_Oriento" title="Rusia Fora Oriento – espéranto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Rusia Fora Oriento" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="espéranto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extremo_Oriente_ruso" title="Extremo Oriente ruso – espagnol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Extremo Oriente ruso" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espagnol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Errusiako_Ekialde_Urruna" title="Errusiako Ekialde Urruna – basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Errusiako Ekialde Urruna" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1_%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1_%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%87" title="خاور دور روسیه – persan" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="خاور دور روسیه" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ven%C3%A4j%C3%A4n_Kaukoit%C3%A4" title="Venäjän Kaukoitä – finnois" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Venäjän Kaukoitä" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finnois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russyske_Fiere_Easten" title="Russyske Fiere Easten – frison occidental" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Russyske Fiere Easten" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="frison occidental" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extremo_Oriente_ruso" title="Extremo Oriente ruso – galicien" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Extremo Oriente ruso" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galicien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daleki_istok_Rusije" title="Daleki istok Rusije – croate" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Daleki istok Rusije" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croate" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timur_Jauh_Rusia" title="Timur Jauh Rusia – indonésien" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Timur Jauh Rusia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonésien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A5%B5%E6%9D%B1%E3%83%AD%E3%82%B7%E3%82%A2" title="極東ロシア – japonais" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="極東ロシア" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%9F%AC%EC%8B%9C%EC%95%84_%EA%B7%B9%EB%8F%99" title="러시아 극동 – coréen" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="러시아 극동" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coréen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oriens_Extremus_Russiae" title="Oriens Extremus Russiae – latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Oriens Extremus Russiae" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusijos_Tolimieji_Rytai" title="Rusijos Tolimieji Rytai – lituanien" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Rusijos Tolimieji Rytai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituanien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%81_%D0%94%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Оросын Алс Дорнод – mongol" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Оросын Алс Дорнод" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timur_Jauh_Rusia" title="Timur Jauh Rusia – malais" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Timur Jauh Rusia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russische_Verre_Oosten" title="Russische Verre Oosten – néerlandais" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Russische Verre Oosten" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="néerlandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russisk_fjerne_austen" title="Russisk fjerne austen – norvégien nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Russisk fjerne austen" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvégien nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russlands_fjerne_%C3%B8sten" title="Russlands fjerne østen – norvégien bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Russlands fjerne østen" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvégien bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosyjski_Daleki_Wsch%C3%B3d" title="Rosyjski Daleki Wschód – polonais" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Rosyjski Daleki Wschód" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%DB%8C_%D9%85%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%82_%D8%A8%D8%B9%DB%8C%D8%AF" title="روسی مشرق بعید – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="روسی مشرق بعید" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extremo_Oriente_Russo" title="Extremo Oriente Russo – portugais" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Extremo Oriente Russo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orientul_%C3%8Endep%C4%83rtat_Rus" title="Orientul Îndepărtat Rus – roumain" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Orientul Îndepărtat Rus" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="roumain" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B8" title="Дальний Восток России – russe" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Дальний Восток России" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daleki_istok_Rusije" title="Daleki istok Rusije – serbo-croate" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Daleki istok Rusije" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbo-croate" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / 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id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates" class="noprint"><a class="mw-kartographer-maplink" data-mw-kartographer="maplink" data-style="osm-intl" href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Map/8/65.5/147.4/fr" data-zoom="8" data-lat="65.5" data-lon="147.4" data-overlays="["_d51208b8d04ef9571de05d8f9db151324a496bc2"]">65° 30′ nord, 147° 24′ est</a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Un article de Wikipédia, l'encyclopédie libre.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="fr" dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <table class="infobox_v2 infobox infobox--frwiki noarchive"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="2" class="entete map" style="background-color:#14866d;color:#ffffff;">Extrême-Orient russe<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r151886662">.mw-parser-output .entete.map{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7a/Picto_infobox_map.png")}</style> </td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center; line-height: 1.5em;"><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:View_from_Radionuclide_Station_RN60_-_Flickr_-_The_Official_CTBTO_Photostream.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Image illustrative de l’article Extrême-Orient russe" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/View_from_Radionuclide_Station_RN60_-_Flickr_-_The_Official_CTBTO_Photostream.jpg/280px-View_from_Radionuclide_Station_RN60_-_Flickr_-_The_Official_CTBTO_Photostream.jpg" decoding="async" width="280" height="186" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/View_from_Radionuclide_Station_RN60_-_Flickr_-_The_Official_CTBTO_Photostream.jpg/420px-View_from_Radionuclide_Station_RN60_-_Flickr_-_The_Official_CTBTO_Photostream.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/View_from_Radionuclide_Station_RN60_-_Flickr_-_The_Official_CTBTO_Photostream.jpg/560px-View_from_Radionuclide_Station_RN60_-_Flickr_-_The_Official_CTBTO_Photostream.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3008" data-file-height="2000" /></a></span> <br />Le <a href="/wiki/Koriakski" title="Koriakski">Koriakski</a> au <a href="/wiki/Kamtchatka" title="Kamtchatka">Kamtchatka</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><hr style="height:2px; color:inherit; background-color:#14866d;" /></td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Liste_des_pays_du_monde" title="Liste des pays du monde">Pays</a> </th> <td><span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="Russie"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Russia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau de la Russie"><img alt="Drapeau de la Russie" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/20px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Russie" title="Russie">Russie</a></span> </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/District_f%C3%A9d%C3%A9ral_russe" class="mw-redirect" title="District fédéral russe">District fédéral russe</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/District_f%C3%A9d%C3%A9ral_extr%C3%AAme-oriental" title="District fédéral extrême-oriental">District fédéral extrême-oriental</a> </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Villes principales </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Khabarovsk" title="Khabarovsk">Khabarovsk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vladivostok" title="Vladivostok">Vladivostok</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oulan-Oud%C3%A9" title="Oulan-Oudé">Oulan-Oudé</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iakoutsk" title="Iakoutsk">Iakoutsk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tchita" title="Tchita">Tchita</a> </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Coordonnées </th><td><a class="mw-kartographer-maplink" data-mw-kartographer="maplink" data-style="osm-intl" href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Map/8/65.5/147.4/fr" data-zoom="8" data-lat="65.5" data-lon="147.4" data-overlays="["_d51208b8d04ef9571de05d8f9db151324a496bc2"]">65° 30′ nord, 147° 24′ est</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Cours_d%27eau" title="Cours d'eau">Cours d'eau</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9na" title="Léna">Léna</a>, <a href="/wiki/Amour_(fleuve)" title="Amour (fleuve)">Amour</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kolyma" title="Kolyma">Kolyma</a> </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Indicateurs_de_population_de_l%27Insee" title="Indicateurs de population de l'Insee">Population totale</a> </th> <td>7 903 864 hab. <small>(2023)</small> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><hr style="height:2px; color:inherit; background-color:#009000;" /></td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center; line-height: 1.5em;"><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fichier:Far_Eastern_in_Russia.svg&lang=fr" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Image illustrative de l’article Extrême-Orient russe" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Far_Eastern_in_Russia.svg/langfr-280px-Far_Eastern_in_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="280" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Far_Eastern_in_Russia.svg/langfr-420px-Far_Eastern_in_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Far_Eastern_in_Russia.svg/langfr-560px-Far_Eastern_in_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1181" data-file-height="637" /></a></span> <br />Localisation </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navigation-only" colspan="2" style="border-top: 2px #009000 solid; font-size: 80%; background:inherit; color: inherit; text-align: right;"><span class="plainlinks" style="float:left;"><a class="external text" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Extr%C3%AAme-Orient_russe&action=edit&section=0"><span class="infodoc">modifier</span></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Mod%C3%A8le:Infobox_R%C3%A9gion_naturelle" title="Consultez la documentation du modèle"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/12px-Info_Simple.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/18px-Info_Simple.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/24px-Info_Simple.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></td> </tr> </tbody></table> <p>L'<b>Extrême-Orient russe</b> (en <a href="/wiki/Russe" title="Russe">russe</a> : <span class="lang-ru" lang="ru">Дальний Восток России</span>, <span class="lang-ru-latn" lang="ru-latn"><i>Dalni Vostok Rossiï</i></span> ou plus simplement <span class="lang-ru" lang="ru">Дальний Восток</span>, <span class="lang-ru-latn" lang="ru-latn"><i>Dalni Vostok</i></span>) est une région géographie de l'est de l'<a href="/wiki/Asie" title="Asie">Asie</a> <a href="/wiki/Asie_du_Nord" title="Asie du Nord">du Nord</a>, délimitée par le fleuve <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9na" title="Léna">Léna</a><sup id="cite_ref-Léna_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Léna-1"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>N 1<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> et par les océans Arctique et Pacifique au nord et à l'ouest. Bien que traditionnellement considérée comme une partie de la <a href="/wiki/Sib%C3%A9rie" title="Sibérie">Sibérie</a>, l'Extrême-Orient russe est catégorisé séparément de la Sibérie dans les régimes régionaux russes (et précédemment en <a href="/wiki/Union_des_r%C3%A9publiques_socialistes_sovi%C3%A9tiques" title="Union des républiques socialistes soviétiques">URSS</a> quand il a été appelé l'<b>Extrême-Orient soviétique</b>). La région est englobée au sein de l'un des huit <a href="/wiki/Districts_f%C3%A9d%C3%A9raux_de_Russie" title="Districts fédéraux de Russie">districts fédéraux de Russie</a> : le <a href="/wiki/District_f%C3%A9d%C3%A9ral_extr%C3%AAme-oriental" title="District fédéral extrême-oriental">district fédéral extrême-oriental</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Géographie"><span id="G.C3.A9ographie"></span>Géographie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Extr%C3%AAme-Orient_russe&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifier la section : Géographie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Extr%C3%AAme-Orient_russe&action=edit&section=1" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Géographie"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B8%D0%BC_%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA_%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE1.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B8%D0%BC_%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA_%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE1.JPG/220px-%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B8%D0%BC_%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA_%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE1.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B8%D0%BC_%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA_%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE1.JPG/330px-%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B8%D0%BC_%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA_%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE1.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B8%D0%BC_%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA_%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE1.JPG/440px-%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B8%D0%BC_%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA_%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE1.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>Les berges de l'<a href="/wiki/Amour_(fleuve)" title="Amour (fleuve)">Amour</a> à <a href="/wiki/Khabarovsk" title="Khabarovsk">Khabarovsk</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:%D0%A2%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BA%D0%B0_(18).JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/%D0%A2%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BA%D0%B0_%2818%29.JPG/220px-%D0%A2%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BA%D0%B0_%2818%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/%D0%A2%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BA%D0%B0_%2818%29.JPG/330px-%D0%A2%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BA%D0%B0_%2818%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/%D0%A2%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BA%D0%B0_%2818%29.JPG/440px-%D0%A2%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BA%D0%B0_%2818%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4928" data-file-height="3264" /></a><figcaption>La ville de <a href="/wiki/Tchita" title="Tchita">Tchita</a>, en <a href="/wiki/Daourie" class="mw-redirect" title="Daourie">Daourie</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>L'Extrême-Orient russe est situé à l'extrémité est du <a href="/wiki/Eurasie" title="Eurasie">continent eurasiatique</a>, sur les côtes de l'<a href="/wiki/Oc%C3%A9an_Pacifique" title="Océan Pacifique">océan Pacifique</a> et confine avec la <a href="/wiki/Sib%C3%A9rie" title="Sibérie">Sibérie</a>. </p><p>Le nord, séparé de l'<a href="/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska">Alaska</a> par le <a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9troit_de_B%C3%A9ring" title="Détroit de Béring">détroit de Béring</a>, est baigné par l'<a href="/wiki/Oc%C3%A9an_Arctique" title="Océan Arctique">océan Arctique</a>. À l'est, la région s'ouvre vers la <a href="/wiki/Mer_d%27Okhotsk" title="Mer d'Okhotsk">mer d'Okhotsk</a>. Au sud, elle est baignée par la <a href="/wiki/Mer_du_Japon" title="Mer du Japon">mer du Japon</a>. </p><p>Les géographes divisent l'Extrême-Orient russe en trois régions : </p> <ul><li>l'extrême nord-est ;</li> <li>le pays du nord de l'océan Pacifique (régions de <a href="/wiki/Primori%C3%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="Primorié">Primorié</a> et de <a href="/wiki/Priamouri%C3%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="Priamourié">Priamourié</a>) ;</li> <li>le sud.</li></ul> <p>Le territoire de l'Extrême-Orient est parfois inclus dans la Sibérie et nommé « Sibérie orientale ». </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Histoire">Histoire</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Extr%C3%AAme-Orient_russe&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifier la section : Histoire" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Extr%C3%AAme-Orient_russe&action=edit&section=2" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Histoire"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>En 1909 l’Extrême-Orient russe fait partie administrativement de la <a href="/wiki/Sib%C3%A9rie" title="Sibérie">Sibérie</a> (<span class="lang-ru" lang="ru">Сибирские губернии и области</span>), elle-même divisée en deux gouvernements-généraux : celui d’Irkoutsk et celui de l’<a href="/wiki/Oblast_de_l%27Amour_(1858-1920)" title="Oblast de l'Amour (1858-1920)">Amour</a> (oblasts de l’<a href="/wiki/Oblast_de_l%27Amour_(1858-1920)" title="Oblast de l'Amour (1858-1920)">Amour</a>, du <a href="/wiki/Oblast_du_Kamtchatka" title="Oblast du Kamtchatka">Kamtchatka</a>, de <a href="/wiki/Oblast_de_Primori%C3%A9" title="Oblast de Primorié">Primorié</a> et de <a href="/wiki/Oblast_de_Sakhaline_(Empire_russe)" title="Oblast de Sakhaline (Empire russe)">Sakhaline</a>). Ce dernier <a href="/wiki/Gouvernement_g%C3%A9n%C3%A9ral_(Empire_russe)" title="Gouvernement général (Empire russe)">gouvernement général</a> correspond à l’Extrême-Orient russe actuel. </p><p>De <a href="/wiki/1920" title="1920">1920</a> à <a href="/wiki/1922" title="1922">1922</a>, la partie sud du territoire forma, avec l'actuel <a href="/wiki/Kra%C3%AF_de_Transba%C3%AFkalie" title="Kraï de Transbaïkalie">Kraï de Transbaïkalie</a>, la <i><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9publique_d%27Extr%C3%AAme-Orient" title="République d'Extrême-Orient">République d'Extrême-Orient</a></i>. Ensuite, entre <a href="/wiki/1922" title="1922">1922</a> et <a href="/wiki/1991" title="1991">1991</a>, l'Extrême-Orient russe est incorporé dans l'<a href="/wiki/URSS" class="mw-redirect" title="URSS">URSS</a>. Aujourd'hui, ce territoire fait partie de la <a href="/wiki/Russie" title="Russie">Russie</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Climat">Climat</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Extr%C3%AAme-Orient_russe&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifier la section : Climat" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Extr%C3%AAme-Orient_russe&action=edit&section=3" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Climat"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Le climat est hyper-continental caractérisé par des hivers longs et extrêmement froids, peu neigeux et des étés doux à chauds et humides. En hiver, sous l'influence des vents d'ouest, le temps est sec et clair. En été, l'air maritime venant de l'océan Pacifique apporte nuages et pluies, et un taux d'humidité élevé. </p><p>La température moyenne de l'année au sud est <span title="42,8 °F ou 279,2 K">+6 </span><abbr class="abbr" title="degré Celsius">°C</abbr>, au nord, de <span title="14 °F ou 263,2 K">−10 </span><abbr class="abbr" title="degré Celsius">°C</abbr>. La température moyenne de janvier varie entre <span title="−4 °F ou 253,2 K">−20 </span><abbr class="abbr" title="degré Celsius">°C</abbr> au sud et <span title="−27,4 °F ou 240,2 K">−33 </span><abbr class="abbr" title="degré Celsius">°C</abbr> au nord; celle de juillet est de <span title="46,4 °F ou 281,2 K">+8 </span><abbr class="abbr" title="degré Celsius">°C</abbr> à <span title="69,8 °F ou 294,2 K">+21 </span><abbr class="abbr" title="degré Celsius">°C</abbr>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Démographie"><span id="D.C3.A9mographie"></span>Démographie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Extr%C3%AAme-Orient_russe&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifier la section : Démographie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Extr%C3%AAme-Orient_russe&action=edit&section=4" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Démographie"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Population">Population</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Extr%C3%AAme-Orient_russe&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modifier la section : Population" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Extr%C3%AAme-Orient_russe&action=edit&section=5" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Population"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:RIAN_archive_370051_Students_celebrating_St.Tatyana%27s_Day,_or_Russian_Students_Day.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/RIAN_archive_370051_Students_celebrating_St.Tatyana%27s_Day%2C_or_Russian_Students_Day.jpg/220px-RIAN_archive_370051_Students_celebrating_St.Tatyana%27s_Day%2C_or_Russian_Students_Day.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/RIAN_archive_370051_Students_celebrating_St.Tatyana%27s_Day%2C_or_Russian_Students_Day.jpg/330px-RIAN_archive_370051_Students_celebrating_St.Tatyana%27s_Day%2C_or_Russian_Students_Day.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/RIAN_archive_370051_Students_celebrating_St.Tatyana%27s_Day%2C_or_Russian_Students_Day.jpg/440px-RIAN_archive_370051_Students_celebrating_St.Tatyana%27s_Day%2C_or_Russian_Students_Day.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="590" /></a><figcaption>La fête des étudiants (à la Sainte Tatiana) à <a href="/wiki/Vladivostok" title="Vladivostok">Vladivostok</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>La région est très peu peuplée (1,2 hab./km<sup>2</sup>), la population est concentrée surtout le long du <a href="/wiki/Transsib%C3%A9rien" title="Transsibérien">Transsibérien</a>, sur les berges de l'<a href="/wiki/Amour_(fleuve)" title="Amour (fleuve)">Amour</a> et le long des côtes. Au recensement de 2010, la population est de 6 293 129 habitants, principalement au Sud, et à 75,9 % urbaine<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>1<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ethnies">Ethnies</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Extr%C3%AAme-Orient_russe&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Modifier la section : Ethnies" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Extr%C3%AAme-Orient_russe&action=edit&section=6" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Ethnies"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>La composition de la population se répartit entre <a href="/wiki/Russes" title="Russes">Russes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ukrainiens_de_Russie" title="Ukrainiens de Russie">Ukrainiens</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bi%C3%A9lorusses" title="Biélorusses">Biélorusses</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cor%C3%A9ens" title="Coréens">Coréens</a> et plusieurs minorités ethniques telles que: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iakoutes" title="Iakoutes">Iakoutes</a> (langue turque)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inuits" title="Inuits">Inuits</a>, <a href="/wiki/Al%C3%A9outes" title="Aléoutes">Aléoutes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yupiks_de_Sib%C3%A9rie" title="Yupiks de Sibérie">Yupiks de Sibérie</a> (langues eskimo-aléoutes)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tchouktches" title="Tchouktches">Tchouktches</a>, <a href="/wiki/Koriaks" title="Koriaks">Koriaks</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kerek" title="Kerek">Kereks</a>, <a href="/wiki/Itelm%C3%A8nes" title="Itelmènes">Itelmènes</a> (langues tchoukotko-kamtchatkiennes)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evenks" title="Evenks">Evenks</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C3%89v%C3%A8nes" title="Évènes">Évènes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hezhen" title="Hezhen">Hezhens</a>, <a href="/wiki/Orotches" title="Orotches">Orotches</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oultches" title="Oultches">Oultches</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oudih%C3%A9s" title="Oudihés">Oudihés</a> ou Oudegéïs (langues toungouses)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Youkaguirs" title="Youkaguirs">Youkaguirs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nivkhes" title="Nivkhes">Nivkhes</a>, <a href="/wiki/A%C3%AFnous_(ethnie_du_Japon_et_de_Russie)" title="Aïnous (ethnie du Japon et de Russie)">Aïnous</a> (isolat).</li> <li>Chinois (Mandarin)</li> <li>Mongols (Khalkah)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Villes">Villes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Extr%C3%AAme-Orient_russe&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Modifier la section : Villes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Extr%C3%AAme-Orient_russe&action=edit&section=7" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Villes"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Khabarovsk" title="Khabarovsk">Khabarovsk</a> (618 150 habitants)</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vladivostok" title="Vladivostok">Vladivostok</a> (604 901 habitants)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oulan-Oud%C3%A9" title="Oulan-Oudé">Oulan-Oudé</a> (434 869 habitants)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tchita" title="Tchita">Tchita</a> (349 005 habitants)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iakoutsk" title="Iakoutsk">Iakoutsk</a> (311 760 habitants)<sup id="cite_ref-Iakoutsk_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Iakoutsk-3"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>N 2<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Komsomolsk-sur-l%27Amour" title="Komsomolsk-sur-l'Amour">Komsomolsk-sur-l'Amour</a> (246 607 habitants)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blagovechtchensk" title="Blagovechtchensk">Blagovechtchensk</a> (225 091 habitants)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ioujno-Sakhalinsk" title="Ioujno-Sakhalinsk">Ioujno-Sakhalinsk</a> (198 973 habitants)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petropavlovsk-Kamtchatski" title="Petropavlovsk-Kamtchatski">Petropavlovsk-Kamtchatski</a> (181 216 habitants)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oussouri%C3%AFsk" title="Oussouriïsk">Oussouriïsk</a> (172 017 habitants)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nakhodka" title="Nakhodka">Nakhodka</a> (149 316 habitants)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artiom" title="Artiom">Artiom</a> (106 692 habitants)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magadan" title="Magadan">Magadan</a> (91 781 habitants)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birobidjan" title="Birobidjan">Birobidjan</a> (73 623 habitants)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anadyr_(ville)" title="Anadyr (ville)">Anadyr</a> (15 604 habitants)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ioujno-Kourilsk" title="Ioujno-Kourilsk">Ioujno-Kourilsk</a> (7 863 habitants)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palana" title="Palana">Palana</a> (2 920 habitants)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Économie"><span id=".C3.89conomie"></span>Économie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Extr%C3%AAme-Orient_russe&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Modifier la section : Économie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Extr%C3%AAme-Orient_russe&action=edit&section=8" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Économie"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>La répartition sectorielle du PRB (produit régional brut) de la province selon les données de 2010 : </p> <ul><li>L’agriculture, la gestion forestière et la pêche — 6,5 %</li> <li>L’extraction des ressources minières — 24,7 %</li> <li>Les industries de transformation — 5,6 %</li> <li>La production et la distribution de l’énergie électrique, du gaz et de l’eau — 4,2 %</li> <li>La construction — 12,2 %</li> <li>Le commerce — 10,2 %</li> <li>L’hôtellerie et la restauration — 0,8 %</li> <li>Le transport et les communications — 13,4 %</li> <li>L’éducation et la santé publique — 7,7 %</li> <li>Les finances et les services — 7,3 %</li> <li>L'administration nationale et la sécurité militaire — 7,4 %</li></ul> <p>L'économie de l’Extrême-Orient russe, isolé de la région occidentale par manque d'infrastructures de transport, est aujourd'hui en pleine croissance grâce aux grands projets d'investissements basés sur le partenariat entre les entreprises nationales et privées. À l'horizon 2025, les investissements devraient atteindre 10 milliards de roubles (provenant à la fois du budget national et de fonds privés). Les principaux vecteurs du développement de l'Extrême-Orient russe débutent par la formation de la population résidente permanente, l’aplanissement des problèmes dans le fonctionnement, la modification de la structure économique, l’intégration dans le pourtour du Pacifique. À ce jour, l'ensemble des circonscriptions de l'Extrême-Orient russe jouissent de subventions nationales. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Extraction_des_ressources_minières"><span id="Extraction_des_ressources_mini.C3.A8res"></span>Extraction des ressources minières</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Extr%C3%AAme-Orient_russe&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Modifier la section : Extraction des ressources minières" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Extr%C3%AAme-Orient_russe&action=edit&section=9" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Extraction des ressources minières"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>827 gisements sont exploités sur le territoire. La majeure partie étant constituée par l'extraction de <a href="/wiki/Diamant" title="Diamant">diamants</a>, d’<a href="/wiki/Extraction_de_l%27or" title="Extraction de l'or">or</a>, d’<a href="/wiki/Argent" title="Argent">argent</a>, de <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9tal_non-ferreux" class="mw-redirect" title="Métal non-ferreux">métaux non-ferreux</a> tels que l’<a href="/wiki/%C3%89tain" title="Étain">étain</a> et le <a href="/wiki/Plomb" title="Plomb">plomb</a>, de matières premières chimiques et minières telles que le <a href="/wiki/Bore" title="Bore">bore</a> et la <a href="/wiki/Fluorine" title="Fluorine">fluorine</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gestion_forestière"><span id="Gestion_foresti.C3.A8re"></span>Gestion forestière</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Extr%C3%AAme-Orient_russe&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Modifier la section : Gestion forestière" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Extr%C3%AAme-Orient_russe&action=edit&section=10" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Gestion forestière"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>L'Extrême-Orient russe possède une réserve d'environ 20 milliards de mètres cubes de <a href="/wiki/Bois_d%E2%80%99%C5%93uvre" class="mw-redirect" title="Bois d’œuvre">bois d’œuvre</a>, représentant un quart des réserves de la Russie. <span class="need_ref" title="Ce passage est confus." style="cursor:help;">Le traitement constitue environ 30 %</span><sup class="need_ref_tag" style="padding-left:2px;"><a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Style_encyclop%C3%A9dique#Clair" title="Wikipédia:Style encyclopédique">[pas clair]</a></sup>. Douze grands projets de construction de nouvelles entreprises dans le secteur du traitement de bois <span class="need_ref" title="Ce passage devrait préciser au minimum la décennie ou l'année." style="cursor:help;">sont en cours de réalisation</span><sup class="need_ref_tag" style="padding-left:2px;"><a href="/wiki/Aide:Quand" title="Aide:Quand">[Quand ?]</a></sup>. Ils permettront de créer plus de 5000 nouveaux emplois. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Investissements">Investissements</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Extr%C3%AAme-Orient_russe&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Modifier la section : Investissements" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Extr%C3%AAme-Orient_russe&action=edit&section=11" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Investissements"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>En <time class="nowrap" datetime="2013-04" data-sort-value="2013-04">avril 2013</time> le premier ministre russe, <a href="/wiki/Dmitri_Medvedev" title="Dmitri Medvedev">Dimitri Medvedev</a>, signe un programme du développement socio-économique de l’Extrême-Orient russe et de la <a href="/wiki/Transba%C3%AFkalie" title="Transbaïkalie">Transbaïkalie</a> aboutissant en 2025. Durant cette période environ 10 <a href="/wiki/Billion_(nombre)" title="Billion (nombre)">billions</a> de roubles provenant du budget national et de fonds privés seront investis. </p><p>Selon les projets, 980 milliards de roubles participeront à la reconstruction des voies <a href="/wiki/Magistrale_Ba%C3%AFkal-Amour" title="Magistrale Baïkal-Amour">Magistrale Baïkal-Amour</a> (BAM) et du <a href="/wiki/Transsib%C3%A9rien" title="Transsibérien">Transsibérien</a> ; 260 milliards proviennent des fonds budgétaires nationaux et le reste de divers investisseurs (principalement de la <a href="/wiki/Compagnie_des_chemins_de_fer_russes" class="mw-redirect" title="Compagnie des chemins de fer russes">Compagnie des chemins de fer russes</a>). L'objectif est alors d’accroître le flux de trafic par la BAM et le Transsibérien à 38 millions de tonnes par an de transit pour <time>2015</time>, et à 54 millions pour <time>2020</time>. Une voie ferrée nord-sud est presque achevée entre le Transsibérien et la ville de <a href="/wiki/Yakoutsk" class="mw-redirect" title="Yakoutsk">Yakoutsk</a>. Dans le cadre du développement du réseau aérien régional, 101 milliards de roubles serviront à la rénovation des deux grands <a href="/wiki/A%C3%A9roport_international_Ba%C3%AFkal" title="Aéroport international Baïkal">aéroports d'Oulan-Oudé</a> et <a href="/wiki/A%C3%A9roport_de_Petropavlovsk-Kamtchatski" title="Aéroport de Petropavlovsk-Kamtchatski">de Petropavlovsk-Kamtchatski</a> et de 61 aérodromes dans les plus petites provinces extrême-orientales. Il est budgété 60 milliards de roubles pour la construction d'autoroutes et encore 25 milliards de roubles dans le développement des voies de communications. </p><p>58 milliards de roubles seront investis dans le développement des réseaux de distribution et réseaux magistraux, au total il s’agit de dix sites. En parallèle, 33 milliards de roubles seront placés dans la construction de douze nouveaux sites énergétiques. La compagnie « RusGuidro », ayant reçu 50 milliards de roubles de soutien, engagera cette somme dans les industries hydro-électriques de la région. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Extr%C3%AAme-Orient_russe&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Modifier la section : Notes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Extr%C3%AAme-Orient_russe&action=edit&section=12" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Notes"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="references-small decimal" style=""><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Léna-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Léna_1-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">Le fleuve traverse la <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9publique_de_Sakha" title="République de Sakha">République de Sakha</a> (Iakoutie) du sud au nord. Cette république étant intégrée au <a href="/wiki/District_f%C3%A9d%C3%A9ral_extr%C3%AAme-oriental" title="District fédéral extrême-oriental">District fédéral extrême-oriental</a>, on peut alors considérer que la région située sur sa rive occidentale ne fait pas de l'« Extrême-Orient russe » au sens géographique tel qu'il est défini dans cet article.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Iakoutsk-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Iakoutsk_3-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">La rive orientale du fleuve <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9na" title="Léna">Léna</a> marque le début de l'« Extrême-Orient russe ». La ville de Iakoutsk se trouvant sur la rive occidentale, on pourrait alors considérer qu'au sens strict elle ne fait pas partie de cette région.</span> </li> </ol></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Références"><span id="R.C3.A9f.C3.A9rences"></span>Références</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Extr%C3%AAme-Orient_russe&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Modifier la section : Références" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Extr%C3%AAme-Orient_russe&action=edit&section=13" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Références"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="references-small decimal" style=""><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gks.ru/PEREPIS/t1.htm">Recensement en Russie en 2002</a></span> </li> </ol></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Voir_aussi">Voir aussi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Extr%C3%AAme-Orient_russe&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Modifier la section : Voir aussi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Extr%C3%AAme-Orient_russe&action=edit&section=14" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Voir aussi"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Articles_connexes">Articles connexes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Extr%C3%AAme-Orient_russe&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Modifier la section : Articles connexes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Extr%C3%AAme-Orient_russe&action=edit&section=15" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Articles connexes"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Les_vagues_de_l%27Amour" title="Les vagues de l'Amour">Les vagues de l'Amour</a></i>, une valse devenue le symbole musical de la région.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliographie">Bibliographie</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Extr%C3%AAme-Orient_russe&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Modifier la section : Bibliographie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Extr%C3%AAme-Orient_russe&action=edit&section=16" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Bibliographie"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="ouvrage" id="Stephan1994"><span class="ouvrage" id="John_J._Stephan1994"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> John J. <span class="nom_auteur">Stephan</span>, <cite class="italique" lang="en">The Russian Far East - A History</cite>, <a href="/wiki/Stanford_University_Press" title="Stanford University Press">Stanford University Press</a>, <time>1994</time>, 508 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/9780804727013" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/9780804727013"><span class="nowrap">9780804727013</span></a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Russian+Far+East+-+A+History&rft.pub=Stanford+University+Press&rft.aulast=Stephan&rft.aufirst=John+J.&rft.date=1994&rft.tpages=508&rft.isbn=9780804727013&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AExtr%C3%AAme-Orient+russe"></span></span></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Liens_externes">Liens externes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Extr%C3%AAme-Orient_russe&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Modifier la section : Liens externes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Extr%C3%AAme-Orient_russe&action=edit&section=17" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Liens externes"><span>modifier le 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