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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>National parks</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-National_parks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Wildlife_sanctuaries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Wildlife_sanctuaries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Wildlife sanctuaries</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Wildlife_sanctuaries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Biosphere_reserves" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Biosphere_reserves"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Biosphere reserves</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Biosphere_reserves-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reserved_and_protected_forests" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a 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forests</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Village_and_panchayat_forests-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Private_protected_areas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Private_protected_areas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Private protected areas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Private_protected_areas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Conservation_areas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Conservation_areas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Conservation areas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Conservation_areas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div 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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Protected areas of India</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aires_prot%C3%A9g%C3%A9es_d%27Inde" title="Aires protégées d'Inde – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Aires protégées d'Inde" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="भारत के संरक्षित क्षेत्र – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="भारत के संरक्षित क्षेत्र" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aree_naturali_protette_dell%27India" title="Aree naturali protette dell'India – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Aree naturali protette dell'India" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%87%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%86_%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A4_%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%96%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BE" title="ഇന്ത്യയിലെ സംരക്ഷിത മേഖലകൾ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഇന്ത്യയിലെ സംരക്ഷിത മേഖലകൾ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81reas_protegidas_da_%C3%8Dndia" title="Áreas protegidas da Índia – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Áreas protegidas da Índia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%99%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D" title="இந்தியாவில் பாதுகாக்கப்படும் இடங்கள் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="இந்தியாவில் பாதுகாக்கப்படும் இடங்கள்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li> </ul> <div 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.sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.2em;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border-collapse:collapse;display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:table!important;float:right!important;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em!important}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-subgroup{width:100%;margin:0;border-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-none{float:none;clear:both;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-outer-title{padding:0 0.4em 0.2em;font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-image{padding:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-caption,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-caption{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle{padding:0.4em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.2em 0.8em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-image{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-heading{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content{padding:0 0.5em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title" style="padding:0.2em;background:lightblue;margin-bottom:0.5em;"><a href="/wiki/Wildlife_of_India" title="Wildlife of India">Wildlife of India</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:When_the_big_cat_turned_to_my_camera!.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/When_the_big_cat_turned_to_my_camera%21.jpg/120px-When_the_big_cat_turned_to_my_camera%21.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/When_the_big_cat_turned_to_my_camera%21.jpg/180px-When_the_big_cat_turned_to_my_camera%21.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/When_the_big_cat_turned_to_my_camera%21.jpg/240px-When_the_big_cat_turned_to_my_camera%21.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2790" data-file-height="2790" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border:1px solid lightblue;background:lightblue;padding-top:0.1em;padding-left:3em; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Wildlife_of_India" title="Wildlife of India">Biodiversity</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;padding-top:0; background-color:#; border:2px solid lightblue"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_India" title="Fauna of India">Fauna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flora_of_India" title="Flora of India">Flora</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><b>Lists</b></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_amphibians_of_India" title="List of amphibians of India">Amphibians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ants_of_India" title="List of ants of India">Ants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_birds_of_India" title="List of birds of India">Birds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_butterflies_of_India" title="List of butterflies of India">Butterflies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_endangered_animals_in_India" title="List of endangered animals in India">Endangered animals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fishes_of_India" title="List of fishes of India">Fish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mammals_of_India" title="List of mammals of India">Mammals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_non-marine_molluscs_of_India" title="List of non-marine molluscs of India">Molluscs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_moths_of_India" title="List of moths of India">Moths</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Odonata_species_of_India" title="List of Odonata species of India">Odonates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_reptiles_of_South_Asia" title="List of reptiles of South Asia">Reptiles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_spiders_of_India" title="List of spiders of India">Spiders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Cicindelidae_from_India" title="List of Cicindelidae from India">Tiger beetles</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border:1px solid lightblue;background:lightblue;padding-top:0.1em;padding-left:3em; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Protected areas</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;padding-top:0; background-color:#; border:2px solid lightblue"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biosphere_reserves_of_India" title="Biosphere reserves of India">Biosphere reserves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communal_forests_of_India" title="Communal forests of India">Communal forests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_areas_of_India" title="Conservation areas of India">Conservation areas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_reserves_and_community_reserves_of_India" title="Conservation reserves and community reserves of India">Conservation and community reserves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_Elephant#Elephant_reserves" title="Project Elephant">Elephant reserves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_national_parks_of_India" title="List of national parks of India">National parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Private_protected_areas_of_India" title="Private protected areas of India">Private protected areas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Ramsar_sites_in_India" title="List of Ramsar sites in India">Ramsar Sites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reserved_forests_and_protected_forests_of_India" title="Reserved forests and protected forests of India">Reserved and protected forests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiger_reserves_of_India" title="Tiger reserves of India">Tiger reserves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildlife_sanctuaries_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Wildlife sanctuaries of India">Wildlife sanctuaries</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border:1px solid lightblue;background:lightblue;padding-top:0.1em;padding-left:3em; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Conservation_in_India" title="Conservation in India">Conservation</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;padding-top:0; background-color:#; border:2px solid lightblue"> <dl><dd><b>Projects</b></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cheetah_reintroduction_in_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Cheetah reintroduction in India">Cheetah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_Dolphin_(India)" title="Project Dolphin (India)">Dolphin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_Elephant" title="Project Elephant">Elephant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_Tiger" title="Project Tiger">Tiger</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><b>Acts of Parliament</b></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Forest_Act,_1927" title="Indian Forest Act, 1927">Indian Forest Act 1927</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wild_Life_(Protection)_Act,_1972" title="Wild Life (Protection) Act, 1972">Wildlife Protection Act 1972</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wild_Life_(Protection)_Amendment_Act,_2002" class="mw-redirect" title="Wild Life (Protection) Amendment Act, 2002">Wildlife Protection Act 2002</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border:1px solid lightblue;background:lightblue;padding-top:0.1em;padding-left:3em; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Organisations</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;padding-top:0; background-color:#; border:2px solid lightblue"> <dl><dd><b>National</b></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Environment_and_Forests_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Environment and Forests (India)">Ministry of Environment and Forests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Biodiversity_Authority" title="National Biodiversity Authority">National Biodiversity Authority</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institute_of_Forest_Genetics_and_Tree_Breeding" title="Institute of Forest Genetics and Tree Breeding">Institute of Forest Genetics and Tree Breeding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Council_of_Forestry_Research_and_Education" title="Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education">Council of Forestry Research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Forest_Service" title="Indian Forest Service">Indian Forest Service</a> / <a href="/wiki/Forest_Survey_of_India" title="Forest Survey of India">Survey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Institute_of_Forest_Management" title="Indian Institute of Forest Management">Institute of Forest Management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildlife_Institute_of_India" title="Wildlife Institute of India">Wildlife Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Tiger_Conservation_Authority" title="National Tiger Conservation Authority">Tiger Conservation Authority</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Zoo_Authority" title="Central Zoo Authority">Zoo Authority</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><b>International</b></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CITES" title="CITES">Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Union_for_Conservation_of_Nature" title="International Union for Conservation of Nature">International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Asian_Zoo_Association_for_Regional_Cooperation" title="South Asian Zoo Association for Regional Cooperation">South Asian Zoo Association (SAZARC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Animal_Protection" title="World Animal Protection">World Animal Protection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Association_of_Zoos_and_Aquariums" title="World Association of Zoos and Aquariums">World Association of Zoos and Aquariums (WAZA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Wide_Fund_for_Nature" title="World Wide Fund for Nature">World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF)</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border:1px solid lightblue;background:lightblue;padding-top:0.1em;padding-left:3em; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Related topics</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;padding-top:0; background-color:#; border:2px solid lightblue"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_India" title="Environmental issues in India">Environmental issues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fossil_parks_in_India" title="Fossil parks in India">Fossil parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forestry_in_India" title="Forestry in India">Forestry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_natural_history" title="Indian natural history">Natural history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_India" title="Tourism in India">Tourism</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><b>Lists</b></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_botanical_gardens_in_India" title="List of botanical gardens in India">Botanical gardens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ecoregions_in_India" title="List of ecoregions in India">Ecoregions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_zoos_in_India" title="List of zoos in India">Zoological gardens</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><b>Wildlife population</b></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_states_by_elephant_population" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Indian states by elephant population">Elephant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_states_by_tiger_population" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Indian states by tiger population">Tiger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_states_by_wildlife_population" title="List of Indian states by wildlife population">Wildlife</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Wildlife_of_India" title="Template:Wildlife of India"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Wildlife_of_India" title="Template talk:Wildlife of India"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Wildlife_of_India" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Wildlife of India"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>There are four categories of protected areas in India, constituted under the <a href="/wiki/Wildlife_Protection_Act,_1972" class="mw-redirect" title="Wildlife Protection Act, 1972">Wildlife Protection Act, 1972</a>. Tiger reserves consist of areas under national parks and wildlife sanctuaries. There are 53 tiger reserves in India.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of January 2023,<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Protected_areas_of_India&action=edit">[update]</a></sup> the <b>protected areas of India</b> cover 173,629.52 square kilometres (67,038.73 sq mi), roughly 5.28% of the total geographical area of the country.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Classification">Classification</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Protected_areas_of_India&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Classification"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/IUCN_protected_area_categories" title="IUCN protected area categories">IUCN protected area categories</a></div> <p>India has the following kinds of <a href="/wiki/Protected_area" title="Protected area">protected areas</a>, in the sense of the word designated by <a href="/wiki/IUCN" class="mw-redirect" title="IUCN">IUCN</a>: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_park" title="National park">National parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildlife_sanctuary" class="mw-redirect" title="Wildlife sanctuary">Wildlife sanctuaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biosphere_Reserves" class="mw-redirect" title="Biosphere Reserves">Biosphere reserves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reserve_forest" class="mw-redirect" title="Reserve forest">Reserved and protected forests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_reserves_and_community_reserves_of_India" title="Conservation reserves and community reserves of India">Conservation reserves and community reserves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Private_protected_area" title="Private protected area">Private protected areas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_Areas" class="mw-redirect" title="Conservation Areas">Conservation areas</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="National_parks">National parks</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Protected_areas_of_India&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: National parks"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/National_parks_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="National parks of India">National parks of India</a></div> <p><b>National parks in India</b> are <a href="/wiki/IUCN" class="mw-redirect" title="IUCN">IUCN</a> category II <a href="/wiki/Protected_area" title="Protected area">protected areas</a>. India's first <a href="/wiki/National_park" title="National park">national park</a> was established in 1936 as Hailey National Park, now known as <a href="/wiki/Jim_Corbett_National_Park" title="Jim Corbett National Park">Jim Corbett National Park</a>, <a href="/wiki/Uttarakhand" title="Uttarakhand">Uttarakhand</a>. By 1970, India only had five national parks. In 1972, India enacted the <a href="/wiki/Wildlife_Protection_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="Wildlife Protection Act">Wildlife Protection Act</a> and <a href="/wiki/Project_Tiger" title="Project Tiger">Project Tiger</a> in 1973 to safeguard the habitats of <a href="/wiki/Conservation_reliant_species" class="mw-redirect" title="Conservation reliant species">conservation reliant species</a>. As of January 2023,<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Protected_areas_of_India&action=edit">[update]</a></sup> India has 106 national parks covering 44,402.95 square kilometres (17,144.07 sq mi), roughly 1.35% of the total geographical area of the country.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Wildlife_sanctuaries">Wildlife sanctuaries</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Protected_areas_of_India&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Wildlife sanctuaries"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Wildlife_sanctuaries_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Wildlife sanctuaries of India">Wildlife sanctuaries of India</a></div> <p>Wildlife sanctuaries of India are classified as <a href="/wiki/IUCN_protected_area_categories#Category_IV_–_Habitat/Species_Management_Area" title="IUCN protected area categories">IUCN Category IV protected areas</a>. Between 1936 and 2022, 567 wildlife sanctuaries were established in the country that cover 122,564.86 km<sup>2</sup> (47,322.56 sq mi), roughly 3.73% of the geographical area of the country.<sup id="cite_ref-PAN_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PAN-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Among these, the 53 tiger reserves<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> are governed by <a href="/wiki/Project_Tiger" title="Project Tiger">Project Tiger</a>, and are of special significance for the conservation of the <a href="/wiki/Bengal_tiger" title="Bengal tiger">Bengal tiger</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biosphere_reserves">Biosphere reserves</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Protected_areas_of_India&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Biosphere reserves"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Biosphere_reserves_of_India" title="Biosphere reserves of India">Biosphere reserves of India</a></div> <p>The Indian government has established 18 biosphere reserves<sup id="cite_ref-MOEF_2011_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MOEF_2011-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (categories roughly correspondingly to <a href="/wiki/IUCN" class="mw-redirect" title="IUCN">IUCN</a> Category V <a href="/wiki/Protected_areas" class="mw-redirect" title="Protected areas">Protected areas</a>) to protect larger areas of natural habitat than a typical <a href="/wiki/National_park" title="National park">national park</a> or <a href="/wiki/Animal_sanctuary" title="Animal sanctuary">animal sanctuary</a>, and that often include one or more national parks or reserves, along with buffer zones that are open to some economic uses. Protection is granted not only to the <a href="/wiki/Flora" title="Flora">flora</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fauna" title="Fauna">fauna</a> of the protected region, but also to the human communities who inhabit these regions, and their ways of life. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reserved_and_protected_forests">Reserved and protected forests</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Protected_areas_of_India&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Reserved and protected forests"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Reserved_forests_and_protected_forests_of_India" title="Reserved forests and protected forests of India">Reserved forests and protected forests of India</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Reserve_forest" class="mw-redirect" title="Reserve forest">Reserved forests</a> and <a href="/wiki/Protected_forest" class="mw-redirect" title="Protected forest">protected forest</a> (<a href="/wiki/IUCN_protected_area_categories#Category_IV_.E2.80.94_Habitat.2FSpecies_Management_Area" title="IUCN protected area categories">IUCN Category IV</a> or <a href="/wiki/IUCN_protected_area_categories#Category_VI_.E2.80.93_Protected_Area_with_sustainable_use_of_natural_resources" title="IUCN protected area categories">VI</a>, depending on protection accorded): These are forested lands where logging, hunting, grazing and other activities may be permitted on a sustainable basis to members of certain communities. In reserved forests, explicit permission is required for such activities. In protected forests, such activities are allowed unless explicitly prohibited. Thus, in general reserved forests enjoy a higher degree of protection with respect to protected forests. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Conservation_and_community_reserves">Conservation and community reserves</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Protected_areas_of_India&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Conservation and community reserves"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Conservation_reserves_and_community_reserves_of_India" title="Conservation reserves and community reserves of India">Conservation reserves and community reserves of India</a></div> <p><b>Conservation reserves</b> and <b>community reserves</b> in <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> are terms denoting protected areas of India which typically act as buffer zones to or connectors and migration corridors between established <a href="/wiki/National_parks_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="National parks of India">national parks</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wildlife_sanctuaries_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Wildlife sanctuaries of India">wildlife sanctuaries</a> and <a href="/wiki/Reserved_forests_and_protected_forests_of_India" title="Reserved forests and protected forests of India">reserved and protected forests</a> of India. Such areas are designated as conservation areas if they are uninhabited and completely owned by the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_India" title="Government of India">Government of India</a> but used for subsistence by communities, and community areas if part of the lands are privately owned. Administration of such reserves would be through local people and local agencies like the <i>gram <a href="/wiki/Panchayati_raj_in_India" title="Panchayati raj in India">panchayat</a></i>, as in the case of communal forests. (See <a href="/wiki/Communal_forests_of_India" title="Communal forests of India">Communal forests of India</a>) </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Village_and_panchayat_forests">Village and panchayat forests</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Protected_areas_of_India&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Village and panchayat forests"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Communal_forests_of_India" title="Communal forests of India">Communal forests of India</a></div> <p>A "Common Important Forest" in <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> is a forest governed by local communities in a way compatible with <a href="/wiki/Sustainable_development" title="Sustainable development">sustainable development</a>. Such forests are typically called <b>village forests</b> or <b>panchayat forests</b>, reflecting the fact that the administration and resource use of the forest occurs at the village and <a href="/wiki/Panchayati_raj_in_India" title="Panchayati raj in India">panchayat</a> (an elected rural body) levels. Hamlets, villages and communities of villages may actually administer such a forest.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Such community forests are usually administered by a locally elected body, usually called the <i>Forest Protection Committee</i>, <i>Village Forest Committee</i> or the <i>Village Forest Institution</i>. Such committees are known as <i>Van Panchayat</i>s in the <a href="/wiki/Kumaon_Division" class="mw-redirect" title="Kumaon Division">Kumaon Division</a> of <a href="/wiki/Uttarakhand" title="Uttarakhand">Uttarakhand</a>, <i>Forest Co-operative Societies</i> in <a href="/wiki/Himachal_Pradesh" title="Himachal Pradesh">Himachal Pradesh</a> and <i>Van Samrakshan Samiti</i>s in <a href="/wiki/Andhra_Pradesh" title="Andhra Pradesh">Andhra Pradesh</a>. Legislation pertaining to communal forests vary from state to state, but typically the state government retains some administrative control over matters like staff appointment, and penalization of offenders. Such forests typically conform to the <a href="/wiki/IUCN#Protected_Area_Management_Categories" class="mw-redirect" title="IUCN">IUCN Category VI Protected Areas</a>, but protection may be enforced by the local communities or the government depending on local legislation. <a href="/wiki/Maharashtra" title="Maharashtra">Maharashtra</a> is the state with the most forest land while <a href="/wiki/Haryana" title="Haryana">Haryana</a> has the least. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Private_protected_areas">Private protected areas</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Protected_areas_of_India&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Private protected areas"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Private_protected_areas_of_India" title="Private protected areas of India">Private protected areas of India</a></div> <p><b>Private protected areas of India</b> refer to <a href="/wiki/Protected_area" title="Protected area">protected areas</a> inside <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> whose land rights are owned by an individual or a corporation / organization, and where the habitat and resident species are offered some kind of protection from exploitative activities like hunting, logging, etc. The <a href="/wiki/Government_of_India" title="Government of India">Government of India</a> did not provide any legal or physical protection to such entities, but in an important amendment introduced by the <a href="/wiki/Wildlife_Protection_Act,_1972" class="mw-redirect" title="Wildlife Protection Act, 1972">Wildlife (Protection) Amendment Act of 2002</a>, has agreed to protect communally owned areas of ecological value. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Conservation_areas">Conservation areas</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Protected_areas_of_India&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Conservation areas"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>Conservation Areas</b> in <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> refer to well-demarcated large geographical entities with an established conservation plan, and were part of a joint Indo-US project on "landscape management and protection". The project ran from 1996 to 2002. These areas are home to many <a href="/wiki/Conservation_reliant_species" class="mw-redirect" title="Conservation reliant species">Conservation reliant species</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Protected_areas_of_India&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_zoos_in_India" title="List of zoos in India">List of zoos in India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_types_of_formally_designated_forests" title="List of types of formally designated forests">List of types of formally designated forests</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Protected_areas_of_India&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:0-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ntca.gov.in/tiger-reserves/#tiger-reserves-2">"Tiger Reserve List"</a>. <i>National Tiger Conservation Authority</i>. 25 March 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230325183112/https://ntca.gov.in/tiger-reserves/#tiger-reserves-2">Archived</a> from the original on 25 March 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 March</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Tiger+Conservation+Authority&rft.atitle=Tiger+Reserve+List&rft.date=2023-03-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fntca.gov.in%2Ftiger-reserves%2F%23tiger-reserves-2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProtected+areas+of+India" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wii.gov.in/nwdc_aboutus">"National Wildlife Database Cell"</a>. <i>Wildlife Institute of India</i>. 4 January 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230130134120/https://wii.gov.in/nwdc_aboutus">Archived</a> from the original on 30 January 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 March</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Wildlife+Institute+of+India&rft.atitle=National+Wildlife+Database+Cell&rft.date=2023-01-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwii.gov.in%2Fnwdc_aboutus&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProtected+areas+of+India" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wii.gov.in/nwdc_national_parks">"National Parks, National Wildlife Database Cell"</a>. <i>Wildlife Institute of India</i>. 4 January 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230325194443/https://wii.gov.in/nwdc_national_parks">Archived</a> from the original on 25 March 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 March</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Wildlife+Institute+of+India&rft.atitle=National+Parks%2C+National+Wildlife+Database+Cell&rft.date=2023-01-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwii.gov.in%2Fnwdc_national_parks&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProtected+areas+of+India" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PAN-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-PAN_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wii.gov.in/wildlife_sanctuaries">"Wildlife Sanctuaries, National Wildlife Database Cell"</a>. <i>Wildlife Institute of India</i>. 4 January 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230325223928/https://wii.gov.in/wildlife_sanctuaries">Archived</a> from the original on 25 March 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 March</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Wildlife+Institute+of+India&rft.atitle=Wildlife+Sanctuaries%2C+National+Wildlife+Database+Cell&rft.date=2023-01-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwii.gov.in%2Fwildlife_sanctuaries&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProtected+areas+of+India" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MOEF_2011-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-MOEF_2011_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://moef.gov.in/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/biosphere.pdf">"Biosphere Reserves in India"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change. 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 February</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Biosphere+Reserves+in+India&rft.pub=Ministry+of+Environment%2C+Forest+and+Climate+Change&rft.date=2019&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmoef.gov.in%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2019%2F03%2Fbiosphere.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProtected+areas+of+India" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sinha, Himadri, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dlc.dlib.indiana.edu/archive/00001101/00/Himadrri_Sinh.pdf">[https://www.getelectionresult.com Forest and People: Understanding the Institutional Governance, Social Identity, and People's Participation in Indian Forest Management]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070610023201/http://dlc.dlib.indiana.edu/archive/00001101/00/Himadrri_Sinh.pdf">Archived</a> 2007-06-10 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Presented at "Politics of the Commons: Articulating Development and Strengthening Local Practices", Chiang Mai, Thailand, July 11–14, 2003</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Protected_areas_of_India&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20011125100208/http%3A//www.wcmc.org.uk/igcmc/parks/un93.html">"United Nations List of National Parks and Protected Areas: India (1993)"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wcmc.org.uk/igcmc/parks/un93.html">the original</a> on 25 November 2001<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 November</span> 2005</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=United+Nations+List+of+National+Parks+and+Protected+Areas%3A+India+%281993%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wcmc.org.uk%2Figcmc%2Fparks%2Fun93.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProtected+areas+of+India" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20030319014110/http://www.wii.gov.in/envis/envis_pa_network/index.htm">Ministry of Forests and Environment Protected Areas website</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090410134300/http://www.envfor.nic.in/divisions/ic/wssd/doc2/ch10.html">Ministry of Forests and Environment-Report Ch10 Biodiversity</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101222012410/http://oldwww.wii.gov.in/envis/species_database.html">SPECIES CHECKLIST: Species Diversity in India</a>; ENVIS Centre: Wildlife & Protected Areas (Secondary Database); <a href="/wiki/Wildlife_Institute_of_India" title="Wildlife Institute of India">Wildlife Institute of India</a> (WII)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091227234702/http://oldwww.wii.gov.in/envis/database.html">ENVIS Centre: Wildlife & Protected Areas (Secondary Database)</a>; <a href="/wiki/Wildlife_Institute_of_India" title="Wildlife Institute of India">Wildlife Institute of India</a> (WII)</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 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.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Geography_of_India294" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Geography_of_India" title="Template:Geography of India"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Geography_of_India" title="Template talk:Geography of India"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Geography_of_India" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Geography of India"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Geography_of_India294" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_India" title="Geography of India">Geography of India</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Geology_of_India" title="Category:Geology of India">Geology</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fossil_Parks_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Fossil Parks of India">Fossil Parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geology_of_India" title="Geology of India">Geology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_plate" title="Indian plate">Indian plate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Geological_Monuments_of_India" title="National Geological Monuments of India">Geological Monuments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stones_of_India" title="Stones of India">Stones</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_India" title="Culture of India">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_India" title="History of India">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monuments_of_National_Importance_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Monuments of National Importance of India">National monuments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacred_groves_of_India" title="Sacred groves of India">Sacred Groves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacred_mountains#India" title="Sacred mountains">Sacred Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River#Sacred" title="River">Sacred Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_India" title="Tourism in India">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Sites_in_India" class="mw-redirect" title="World Heritage Sites in India">World Heritage Sites</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Landforms_of_India" title="Landforms of India">Landforms</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_beaches_in_India" title="List of beaches in India">Beaches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borders_of_India" title="Borders of India">Borders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coastal_India" title="Coastal India">Coasts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_canals_in_India" title="List of canals in India">Canals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thar_Desert" title="Thar Desert">Desert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exclusive_economic_zone_of_India" title="Exclusive economic zone of India">ECZ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_extreme_points_of_India" title="List of extreme points of India">Extreme points</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_glaciers_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="List of glaciers of India">Glaciers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_states_and_union_territories_by_highest_point" title="List of Indian states and union territories by highest point">Highest point by states</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_India" title="List of islands of India">Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lakes_in_India" class="mw-redirect" title="List of lakes in India">Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mountains_in_India" title="List of mountains in India">Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mountain_passes_of_India" title="List of mountain passes of India">Mountain passes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_major_rivers_of_India" title="List of major rivers of India">Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_valleys_in_India" title="List of valleys in India">Valleys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_volcanoes_in_India" title="List of volcanoes in India">Volcanoes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_waterfalls_in_India" title="List of waterfalls in India">Waterfalls</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_regions_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="List of regions of India">Regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/North_India" title="North India">North India</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northwest_India" title="Northwest India">Northwest</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northeast_India" title="Northeast India">Northeast India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_India" title="East India">East India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_India" title="South India">South India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_India" class="mw-redirect" title="West India">West India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_India" title="Central India">Central India</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_regions_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="List of regions of India">Geographical regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deccan_Plateau" title="Deccan Plateau">Deccan Plateau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Coastal_Plains" title="Eastern Coastal Plains">Eastern Coastal Plains</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Circars" title="Northern Circars">Circars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coromandel_Coast" title="Coromandel Coast">Coromandel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utkal_Plains" title="Utkal Plains">Utkal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Himalayas" title="Himalayas">Himalayas</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Himalaya" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Himalaya">Eastern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lower_Himalaya" class="mw-redirect" title="Lower Himalaya">Himachal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Himalayas" title="Great Himalayas">Himadri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sivalik_Hills" title="Sivalik Hills">Sivalik</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Gangetic_Plain" title="Indo-Gangetic Plain">Indo-Gangetic Plain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thar_Desert" title="Thar Desert">Thar Desert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Coastal_Plains" title="Western Coastal Plains">Western Coastal Plains</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canara" class="mw-redirect" title="Canara">Canara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konkan_Coast" class="mw-redirect" title="Konkan Coast">Konkan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kathiawar" title="Kathiawar">Kathiawar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kutch" class="mw-redirect" title="Kutch">Kutch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malabar_Coast" title="Malabar Coast">Malabar</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_India" title="Administrative divisions of India">Subdivisions</a></th><td 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class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Environment_of_India" title="Environment of India">Ecology</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biogeographic_classification_of_India" title="Biogeographic classification of India">Biogeographic classification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_India" title="Climate of India">Climate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ecoregions_in_India" title="List of ecoregions in India">Ecoregions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_India" title="Environmental issues in India">Environmental Issues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_India" title="Fauna of India">Fauna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flora_of_India" title="Flora of India">Flora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_forests_in_India" title="List of forests in India">Forests</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Protected Areas</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biosphere_reserves_of_India" title="Biosphere reserves of India">Biosphere reserves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communal_forests_of_India" title="Communal forests of India">Communal forests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_areas_of_India" title="Conservation areas of India">Conservation areas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_reserves_and_community_reserves_of_India" title="Conservation reserves and community reserves of India">Conservation and community reserves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_Elephant#Elephant_reserves" title="Project Elephant">Elephant reserves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_national_parks_of_India" title="List of national parks of India">National parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Ramsar_sites_in_India" title="List of Ramsar sites in India">Ramsar Sites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reserved_forests_and_protected_forests_of_India" title="Reserved forests and protected forests of India">Reserved and protected forests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiger_reserves_of_India" title="Tiger reserves of India">Tiger reserves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildlife_sanctuaries_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Wildlife sanctuaries of India">Wildlife sanctuaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildlife_of_India" title="Wildlife of India">Wildlife</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Protected_areas_of_Asia414" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Asia_topic" title="Template:Asia topic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Asia_topic" title="Template talk:Asia topic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Asia_topic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Asia topic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Protected_areas_of_Asia414" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Protected areas of Asia</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states" title="List of sovereign states">Sovereign states</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Protected_areas_of_Afghanistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Protected areas of Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protected_areas_of_Armenia" class="mw-redirect" title="Protected areas of Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protected_areas_of_Azerbaijan" title="Protected areas of Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Protected_areas_of_Bahrain&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Protected areas of Bahrain (page does not exist)">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protected_areas_of_Bangladesh" class="mw-redirect" title="Protected areas of Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protected_areas_of_Bhutan" class="mw-redirect" title="Protected areas of Bhutan">Bhutan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protected_areas_of_Brunei" title="Protected areas of Brunei">Brunei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protected_areas_of_Cambodia" class="mw-redirect" title="Protected areas of Cambodia">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protected_areas_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Protected areas of China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Protected_areas_of_Cyprus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Protected areas of Cyprus (page does not exist)">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Protected_areas_of_Egypt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Protected areas of Egypt (page does not exist)">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protected_areas_of_Georgia_(country)" class="mw-redirect" title="Protected areas of Georgia (country)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protected_areas_of_Indonesia" title="Protected areas of Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Protected_areas_of_Iran&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Protected areas of Iran (page does not exist)">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Protected_areas_of_Iraq&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Protected areas 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href="/w/index.php?title=Protected_areas_of_Kuwait&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Protected areas of Kuwait (page does not exist)">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protected_areas_of_Kyrgyzstan" title="Protected areas of Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protected_areas_of_Laos" title="Protected areas of Laos">Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protected_areas_of_Lebanon" class="mw-redirect" title="Protected areas of Lebanon">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Protected_areas_of_Malaysia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Protected areas of Malaysia (page does not exist)">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Protected_areas_of_the_Maldives&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Protected areas of the Maldives (page does not exist)">Maldives</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Protected_areas_of_Mongolia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Protected areas of Mongolia (page does not exist)">Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protected_areas_of_Myanmar" class="mw-redirect" title="Protected areas of Myanmar">Myanmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protected_areas_of_Nepal" class="mw-redirect" title="Protected areas of Nepal">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protected_areas_of_Oman" class="mw-redirect" title="Protected areas of Oman">Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protected_areas_of_Pakistan" title="Protected areas of Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protected_areas_of_the_Philippines" class="mw-redirect" title="Protected areas of the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protected_areas_of_Qatar" class="mw-redirect" title="Protected areas of Qatar">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protected_areas_of_Russia" title="Protected areas of Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Protected_areas_of_Saudi_Arabia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Protected areas of Saudi Arabia (page does not exist)">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protected_areas_of_Singapore" class="mw-redirect" title="Protected areas of Singapore">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protected_areas_of_Sri_Lanka" title="Protected areas of Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Protected_areas_of_Syria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Protected areas of Syria (page does not exist)">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Protected_areas_of_Tajikistan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Protected areas of Tajikistan (page does not exist)">Tajikistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protected_areas_of_Thailand" class="mw-redirect" title="Protected areas of Thailand">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Protected_areas_of_Timor-Leste&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Protected areas of Timor-Leste (page does not exist)">Timor-Leste (East Timor)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Protected_areas_of_Turkey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Protected areas of Turkey (page does not exist)">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protected_areas_of_Turkmenistan" title="Protected areas of Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Protected_areas_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Protected areas of the United Arab Emirates (page does not exist)">United Arab Emirates</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Protected_areas_of_Uzbekistan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Protected areas of Uzbekistan (page does not exist)">Uzbekistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protected_areas_of_Vietnam" title="Protected areas of Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Protected_areas_of_Yemen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Protected areas of Yemen (page does not exist)">Yemen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_states_with_limited_recognition" title="List of states with limited recognition">States with<br />limited recognition</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Protected_areas_of_Abkhazia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Protected areas of Abkhazia (page does not exist)">Abkhazia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Protected_areas_of_Northern_Cyprus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Protected areas of Northern Cyprus (page does not exist)">Northern Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Protected_areas_of_the_State_of_Palestine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Protected areas of the State of Palestine (page does not exist)">Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Protected_areas_of_South_Ossetia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Protected areas of South Ossetia (page does not exist)">South Ossetia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protected_areas_of_Taiwan" 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